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"disqusTitle": "California Versus Trump: Get Ready to Rumble (with Lesson Plan)",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\"> \n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>When the President of the United States is friendlier with Russia than he is with the State of California, you know we're in uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump and the Golden State have made their mutual distaste for each other abundantly clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters resoundingly rejected Trump; Hillary Clinton won the state by more than 4 million votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Trump-vs.-California-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: California in the Age of Trump (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next Tuesday (2/21/17): History of U.S. refugee policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A solid majority of California political leaders and residents have since vowed to resist key parts of the administration's mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning after the election, California Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles) and state Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Paramount) \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2016-11-09-joint-statement-california-legislative-leaders-result-presidential-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a joint statement \u003c/a>expressing as much:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today, we woke up feeling like strangers in a foreign land, because yesterday Americans expressed their views on a pluralistic and democratic society that are clearly inconsistent with the values of the people of California ... By a margin in the millions, Californians overwhelmingly rejected politics fueled by resentment, bigotry, and misogyny.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in an impassioned State of the State address on Jan. 24, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/24/live-brown-delivers-california-state-of-the-state-address/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged war\u003c/a> against the Trump administration's policies, citing the state's leadership on key issues like climate change, women's rights and immigration. \"California is not turning back, not now, not ever,\" he declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, in turn, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-trump-bill-to-make-california-a-1486330796-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently said\u003c/a> that \"California in many ways is out of control\" (although he didn't specify why). He's repeatedly threatened to withhold federal funds -- his \"weapon\" of choice --if the state or its cities defy his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rift is hardly surprising. California, where more than one in 10 Americans call home, has long been a Democratic stronghold. The party gained a supermajority in the state Legislature this November. With a Democratic governor at the helm, that makes the state one of only six Democratic \"trifectas\" in the country. And that puts it in a reasonably strong position to resist some of Trump's mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-25738 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png\" alt=\"Cal_Overview\" width=\"1437\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png 1437w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-160x78.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-800x392.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-768x376.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-1020x500.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-1180x578.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-960x470.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-240x118.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-375x184.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-520x255.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1437px) 100vw, 1437px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Secretary of State \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/prior-elections/statewide-election-results/general-election-november-8-2016/statement-vote/\" target=\"_blank\">Source: California Secretary of State\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The economic cost of resistance, though, could be steep (although it's entirely unclear if Trump will follow through on his threat to defund the state, and if doing so is even legal).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California relies on federal funding to help support a wide range of programs, including health care, education and infrastructure. Over a third of the current \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/federal-funds-comprise-one-third-californias-state-budget-supporting-broad-range-public-services-systems/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> state budget\u003c/a> -- close to $96 billion -- comes from Washington, according to to the California Budget and Policy Center. State residents also receive over $200 billion each year in federal benefits like Medicare (health care for the elderly) and Social Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Funding.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Funding.png\" alt=\"Cal_Funding\" width=\"1437\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Budget and Policy Center; California Department of Finance\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time though, California is actually less dependent on federal funding than most other states. It has the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-economy-idUSKCN0Z32K2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixth largest economy\u003c/a> in the world, generating more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/15databk.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$400 billion\u003c/a> in tax revenue in 2015 alone. It's among only a handful of states that \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/02/06/california-and-president-trump-are-going-to-war-with-each-other/?utm_term=.88f12eccea0e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gives the federal government \u003c/a>more money than it takes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How can California fight back?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Yes, there is an effort underway to get\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-measures/initiative-and-referendum-status/initiatives-referenda-cleared-circulation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a measure \u003c/a>on the 2018 state ballot for California to flat-out secede from United States (a prospect that one-third of the state's residents say they'd be in favor of, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article128316519.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one recent poll\u003c/a>). But the likelihood of a \"Calexit\" is, well, pretty much nonexistent. Sorry guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the state's most realistic line of defense is to sue the Trump administration. California's new attorney general, Xavier Becerra, is an outspoken critic of Trump's policies, and appears ready and willing to take the administration to court, if need be. He'll also have the support of Eric Holder, the former U.S. attorney general under President Obama, who the state Legislature \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-legislature-eric-holder-donald-trump-20170104-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently hired\u003c/a> to provide legal muscle in the expected court battles to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state can challenge the federal government in court if it finds laws or actions unconstitutional or an overreach of power. The Republican-controlled state of Texas (which has also intermittently flirted with the idea of secession),\u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2017/01/17/texas-federal-government-lawsuits/%20target=\"> sued\u003c/a> the Obama administration at least 48 times (and won seven lawsuits) on issues like immigration, the environment and a host of social issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hinting that California was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article129921589.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gearing up \u003c/a> to challenge Trump's controversial actions on immigration, Becerra recently said: \"I'm not interested in the president of the United States sucker punching the people of California. That's how I feel, so that's how I'll act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is an overview of four major areas -- immigration, health care, economy/trade, energy/environment -- where Democratic lawmakers and citizens are focusing their efforts against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/immigration_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/immigration_CAL.png\" alt=\"immigration_CAL\" width=\"1000\" height=\"919\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Public Policy Institute of California, Pew Research Center; Migration Policy Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump made \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/policies/immigration/?/positions/immigration-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough immigration policy \u003c/a> one of the cornerstones of his presidential campaign. As the Republican nominee, he promised to crack down on illegal immigration, accusing undocumented immigrants of stealing jobs from U.S. citizens, straining public resources and jeopardizing national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as president, Trump has softened his \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-elect-trump-says-how-many-immigrants-hell-deport/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> hard-line pledge\u003c/a> to deport all of the 11.3 million estimated undocumented immigrants living in the United States, he's quickly tried to follow through on various other hard-line campaign promises. Within his first week in office, he signed an order to begin construction of a U.S.-Mexico border wall, defund sanctuary cities, beef up immigration enforcement and expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants to be targeted for deportation. In his second week, he issued another even more incendiary order temporarily banning travelers from seven terror-prone countries and suspending the U.S. refugee program (key parts of this order were halted by a federal court in early February).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although state governments generally have little control over federal immigration policy and enforcement, Democratic lawmakers in California are promising to provide a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/22/politics/california-immigration-donald-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong line of defense \u003c/a> for undocumented state residents facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposed state bills focus on providing funding for free legal assistance and training for lawyers to better defend undocumented immigrants. Currently, less than 40 percent of immigrants facing deportation have \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/access_to_counsel_in_immigration_court.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> legal counsel, \u003c/a>according to the left-leaning American Immigration Council.\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/access_to_counsel_in_immigration_court.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a> Another proposed state bill would establish \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-senate-leader-proposes-safe-zones-at-1481144070-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \"safe zones\" \u003c/a> prohibiting immigration enforcement in public spaces such as schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at stake is federal funding for so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a> that don't fully comply with federal immigration enforcement efforts. Major cities with sanctuary policies include San Francisco, Los Angeles and Oakland -- in addition, California passed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_4_bill_20130916_enrolled.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statewide bill\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of Trump's threat to defund these jurisdictions, most of California's sanctuary cities have reaffirmed their commitment to such policies. San Francisco became the first city to sue the administration, charging that denying funding over policy disagreements is a violation of the 10th Amendment. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sites/default/files/Statement-of-Principles-in-Support-of-Undocumented-Members-of-UC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> University of California\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/california-university-leader-promises-safe-campuses-for-undocumented-students-7618087\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California State University\u003c/a> have also issued statements pledging not to cooperate with federal enforcement authorities and to continue admitting eligible students regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/healthcare_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/healthcare_CAL.png\" alt=\"healthcare_CAL\" width=\"1437\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act (ACA) -- popularly known as Obamacare -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it's still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2016/03/03/20-million-people-have-gained-health-insurance-coverage-because-affordable-care-act-new-estimates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 million \u003c/a> more Americans now have some form of health coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is strongly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> opposed to the ACA\u003c/a> and has pledged to \"repeal and replace\" it. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/15/politics/tom-price-save-republicans-obamacare-mess/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Price\u003c/a>, Trump's recently confirmed Health and Human Services Secretary, calls the law \"stifling and oppressive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although House Republicans have already voted to take the first steps toward repeal and Trump has already signed an executive order (largely symbolic) to limit \"burdens of the Affordable Care Act,\" a replacement plan is still unclear. Proposals include restoring \"free market principles\" by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, changing federal aid to \"block grants,\" and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump has also argued that deporting undocumented immigrants would \"relieve health care cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be difficult to completely repeal the law; it would require 60 votes in the U.S. Senate, including the support of at least eight Democrats. More likely, the law will be picked apart piece by piece. Certain portions, such as allowing children to stay on their parents' policies until the age of 26 and requiring insurance companies to offer plans to those with existing conditions, have broad public support and are less likely to be slashed from the ACA. However, the Republican-controlled Congress will most likely reduce federal funding for state exchanges (such as Covered California) and Medicaid (Medi-Cal in California), a program for the poor and elderly, which provides health insurance for nearly one in three statewide, including undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Californians are covered under their employer-sponsored health care programs. However, nearly 5 million are newly covered under the ACA. Since the law went into effect in 2014, California has signed up more people for the program than any other state in the nation. At stake is $20.5 billion in federal funding -- $15.5 billion for Medi-Cal and $5 billion in Covered California subsidies. Drastic reductions in federal funding would almost certainly deal a huge blow to the level of coverage and number of insured Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals who currently buy insurance through Covered California are already seeing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/19/486613011/covered-californias-health-plan-rates-to-jump-sharply-in-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> spike\u003c/a> in monthly premiums -- just over \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/18/why-obamacare-covered-california-premiums-going-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 13 percent on average\u003c/a> -- due to expiring federal funding programs and rising medical costs. The impact of these increases on enrollment numbers is still unclear. However, the Urban Institute, a Washington think tank, predicts that 7.5 million Californians will be uninsured by 2021 if the ACA is repealed -- nearly double the number than if the law remains in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's 2017 enrollment numbers will be released in March, but nationally an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/02/10/us/politics/ap-us-health-overhaul-sign-ups.html\">12.2 million\u003c/a> have signed up so far this year despite threats to discontinue the ACA. A clear majority of those enrolled - nearly 64 percent - live in states that Trump won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the outlook is not rosy, Democratic lawmakers say they will examine \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/ask-emily/article114059303.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> state budgeting tools\u003c/a> to fill federal funding gaps, and that they are committed to keeping health care affordable for all Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>ECONOMY/TRADE\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25799\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png\" alt=\"Source: World Bank; California Employment Development Department\" width=\"1000\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-160x80.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-800x401.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-768x385.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-960x481.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-240x120.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-375x188.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-520x261.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: World Bank; California Employment Development Department\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The national economy is officially rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, and employment rates continue to rise. However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that's contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor. Wealth inequality in the U.S. is now at near record highs, with about 90 percent of wealth owned by the top 0.1 percent of families, according to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/13/us-wealth-inequality-top-01-worth-as-much-as-the-bottom-90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> economic research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to public pressure, a number of states have recently raised their minimum wages, even as the federal minimum wage has been stuck at $7.25 since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's \"America First\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-economic-plan-winning-the-global-competition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> economic plan\u003c/a> includes ways to simplify the tax code, increase trade enforcement with Mexico and China and strike down federal agency regulations, which he describes as \"the anchor dragging us down.\" The president has consistently appealed to \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> big business\u003c/a>, pledging to slash the top tax rate on corporations by more than half\u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Republican presidential primary, Trump advocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/?utm_term=.03fd239f9e53\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strongly against\u003c/a> raising the federal minimum wage, but has since shifted his position. More recently, he suggested it should be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it's an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump railed against international trade deals, which he claimed has hurt U.S. workers and sent more jobs overseas. So far, President Trump seem to be sticking to his campaign pledges to withdraw from or renegotiate these agreements. During his first week in office, he signed an executive order formally withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a trade deal orchestrated by President Obama that would have lowered tariffs on imports and exports among the U.S. and 11 other Pacific Rim nations. He also promised to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians are paying \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-trump-risk-california-economy-20161206-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> close attention\u003c/a> to the president's proposals to redraw trade agreements. The state economy is heavily tied to markets in Asia and Central America, and more than 40 percent of all U.S. imports come through California's ports in Long Beach and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some economists have predicted that trade agreements that boost U.S. exports, as the TPP proposes to do, could lead to significant job creation in wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing sectors. However, policies that increase taxes on goods made abroad -- particularly those in China and Mexico -- could potentially hurt many California businesses involved in logistics and trade. Trump has threatened a 35 percent tax on cars and parts from Mexico and a 45 percent tariff on Chinese products. (His spokesperson also recently suggested a 20 percent tax on Mexican imports in order to fund the border wall).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's tough immigration policies may also have unintended consequences for the agriculture industry, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-anderson-forecast-new-economy-under-new-administration-trumponomics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> UCLA report\u003c/a>. About half of all agriculture workers in the state are undocumented immigrants. Deporting a portion of the workforce would likely increase the cost of fruits and vegetables nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite inaction at the federal level, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/01/04/raising-the-minimum-wage-how-millions-of-workers-started-2017-with-a-bigger-paycheck-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California's minimum wage\u003c/a> was raised to $10.50 in 2017 and is slated to reach $15 by 2022. The federal minimum wage is likely to remain at or close to its current level under the Trump administration, which some argue puts businesses in California at a competitive disadvantage. However, state leaders maintain they are committed to providing living wages to all Californians. In fact, some cities, like Los Angeles and San Francisco, have passed laws to raise the minimum wage to $15, ahead of the state's schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/environment_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/environment_CAL.png\" alt=\"environment_CAL\" width=\"1000\" height=\"501\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California EPA Air Resources Board & California Energy Commission\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world's largest carbon emitters. At the 2015 United Nations climate change conference in Paris, the Obama administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation's carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> ahead of his final week in office, Obama urged the incoming administration not to walk away from the Paris agreement: \"Were the United States to step away from Paris, it would lose its seat at the table to hold other countries to their commitments, demand transparency, and encourage ambition,\" \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/01/06/science.aam6284.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he wrote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Globally, 2016 was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-on-record-globally\">hottest year\u003c/a> on record, the third year in a row of record-setting global average surface temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump has \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> disputed\u003c/a> the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. He has called global warming a \"hoax\" and a \"pseudoscience\" invented by America's global competitors to stifle U.S. economic growth. As spelled out in his \"America First Energy Plan,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he plans\u003c/a> to renegotiate Obama's carbon reduction strategy, revive coal mining and other carbon-intensive industries and withdraw from the Paris agreement. As of the Trump administration's first day in office, any mention of climate change has been removed from the White House website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's nomination of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/12/08/pruitt-trumps-epa-pick-has-both-sides-of-climate-divide-girding-for-a-major-fight/?utm_term=.581ff7d7a795\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a well-known climate change denier and state attorney general with a history of lawsuits against the EPA, has environmental activists preparing for battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's recently confirmed Secretary of State \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/12/10/who-is-rex-tillerson-the-exxonmobil-chairman-who-may-become-secretary-of-state/?utm_term=.3e274e1811e1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rex Tillerson\u003c/a>, has also given environmentalists serious cause for concern. He is, after all, the former chief executive of ExxonMobile, the largest oil and gas company in the world that's not exactly known for its pristine environmental record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, under Tillerson's leadership, the company publicly embraced the scientific consensus that climate change is linked to human activity, proposed some solutions to address the problem and issued a statement in support of the Paris agreement. And during Tillerson's January confirmation hearing, he acknowledged the validity of climate science and said he supported sticking with the Paris agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown has emerged as a national and global figure in the fight to combat climate change. In response to rumors that President Trump's administration may eliminate funding for earth-science programs, including NASA satellites that provide important data for climate change research, Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ca-gov-jerry-brown-california-could-launch-its-own-damn-satellite-2016-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> recently proclaimed\u003c/a>, \"If Trump turns off the satellites, California will launch its own damn satellite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has extensive programs that aim to reduce carbon emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels and increase \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/renewable.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> renewable energy use\u003c/a> to 50 percent of total generation by 2030. California's environmental regulations have historically exceeded national standards and set the benchmarks for federal policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/12/12/if-trump-wont-can-california-sign-the-international-climate-treaty/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> backs out\u003c/a> of the Paris agreement, as President Trump has promised to do, California lawmakers would not be able to sign the agreement as a separate entity. The state would likely be challenged in court if it attempted to circumvent national foreign policy. However, Brown has signed the state on to its own climate movement, \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/background/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, an international pact to slash carbon emissions with even more ambitious emission reduction goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the state's environmental groups and the scientific community are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/26/us/california-climate-change-jerry-brown-donald-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> more concerned\u003c/a> the Trump administration may reduce funds for important research facilities, and cut federal regulations on emissions and vehicle fuel standards. Some business groups are worried that removing federal environmental protections may put California at a competitive disadvantage if other states choose to opt out of climate change policies or environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, California's political leaders remain optimistic and committed to leading the national and global campaigns to stop climate change. According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ca-gov-jerry-brown-california-could-launch-its-own-damn-satellite-2016-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gov. Brown\u003c/a>, \"We've got the scientists, we've got the lawyers, and we're ready to fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\"> \n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>When the President of the United States is friendlier with Russia than he is with the State of California, you know we're in uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump and the Golden State have made their mutual distaste for each other abundantly clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters resoundingly rejected Trump; Hillary Clinton won the state by more than 4 million votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Trump-vs.-California-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: California in the Age of Trump (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next Tuesday (2/21/17): History of U.S. refugee policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A solid majority of California political leaders and residents have since vowed to resist key parts of the administration's mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning after the election, California Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles) and state Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Paramount) \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2016-11-09-joint-statement-california-legislative-leaders-result-presidential-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a joint statement \u003c/a>expressing as much:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today, we woke up feeling like strangers in a foreign land, because yesterday Americans expressed their views on a pluralistic and democratic society that are clearly inconsistent with the values of the people of California ... By a margin in the millions, Californians overwhelmingly rejected politics fueled by resentment, bigotry, and misogyny.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in an impassioned State of the State address on Jan. 24, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/24/live-brown-delivers-california-state-of-the-state-address/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged war\u003c/a> against the Trump administration's policies, citing the state's leadership on key issues like climate change, women's rights and immigration. \"California is not turning back, not now, not ever,\" he declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, in turn, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-trump-bill-to-make-california-a-1486330796-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently said\u003c/a> that \"California in many ways is out of control\" (although he didn't specify why). He's repeatedly threatened to withhold federal funds -- his \"weapon\" of choice --if the state or its cities defy his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rift is hardly surprising. California, where more than one in 10 Americans call home, has long been a Democratic stronghold. The party gained a supermajority in the state Legislature this November. With a Democratic governor at the helm, that makes the state one of only six Democratic \"trifectas\" in the country. And that puts it in a reasonably strong position to resist some of Trump's mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-25738 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png\" alt=\"Cal_Overview\" width=\"1437\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview.png 1437w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-160x78.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-800x392.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-768x376.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-1020x500.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-1180x578.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-960x470.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-240x118.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-375x184.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Overview-520x255.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1437px) 100vw, 1437px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Secretary of State \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/prior-elections/statewide-election-results/general-election-november-8-2016/statement-vote/\" target=\"_blank\">Source: California Secretary of State\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The economic cost of resistance, though, could be steep (although it's entirely unclear if Trump will follow through on his threat to defund the state, and if doing so is even legal).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California relies on federal funding to help support a wide range of programs, including health care, education and infrastructure. Over a third of the current \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/federal-funds-comprise-one-third-californias-state-budget-supporting-broad-range-public-services-systems/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> state budget\u003c/a> -- close to $96 billion -- comes from Washington, according to to the California Budget and Policy Center. State residents also receive over $200 billion each year in federal benefits like Medicare (health care for the elderly) and Social Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Funding.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Cal_Funding.png\" alt=\"Cal_Funding\" width=\"1437\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Budget and Policy Center; California Department of Finance\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time though, California is actually less dependent on federal funding than most other states. It has the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-economy-idUSKCN0Z32K2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixth largest economy\u003c/a> in the world, generating more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/15databk.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$400 billion\u003c/a> in tax revenue in 2015 alone. It's among only a handful of states that \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/02/06/california-and-president-trump-are-going-to-war-with-each-other/?utm_term=.88f12eccea0e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gives the federal government \u003c/a>more money than it takes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How can California fight back?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Yes, there is an effort underway to get\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-measures/initiative-and-referendum-status/initiatives-referenda-cleared-circulation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a measure \u003c/a>on the 2018 state ballot for California to flat-out secede from United States (a prospect that one-third of the state's residents say they'd be in favor of, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article128316519.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one recent poll\u003c/a>). But the likelihood of a \"Calexit\" is, well, pretty much nonexistent. Sorry guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the state's most realistic line of defense is to sue the Trump administration. California's new attorney general, Xavier Becerra, is an outspoken critic of Trump's policies, and appears ready and willing to take the administration to court, if need be. He'll also have the support of Eric Holder, the former U.S. attorney general under President Obama, who the state Legislature \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-legislature-eric-holder-donald-trump-20170104-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently hired\u003c/a> to provide legal muscle in the expected court battles to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state can challenge the federal government in court if it finds laws or actions unconstitutional or an overreach of power. The Republican-controlled state of Texas (which has also intermittently flirted with the idea of secession),\u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2017/01/17/texas-federal-government-lawsuits/%20target=\"> sued\u003c/a> the Obama administration at least 48 times (and won seven lawsuits) on issues like immigration, the environment and a host of social issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hinting that California was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article129921589.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gearing up \u003c/a> to challenge Trump's controversial actions on immigration, Becerra recently said: \"I'm not interested in the president of the United States sucker punching the people of California. That's how I feel, so that's how I'll act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is an overview of four major areas -- immigration, health care, economy/trade, energy/environment -- where Democratic lawmakers and citizens are focusing their efforts against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/immigration_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/immigration_CAL.png\" alt=\"immigration_CAL\" width=\"1000\" height=\"919\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Public Policy Institute of California, Pew Research Center; Migration Policy Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump made \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/policies/immigration/?/positions/immigration-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough immigration policy \u003c/a> one of the cornerstones of his presidential campaign. As the Republican nominee, he promised to crack down on illegal immigration, accusing undocumented immigrants of stealing jobs from U.S. citizens, straining public resources and jeopardizing national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as president, Trump has softened his \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-elect-trump-says-how-many-immigrants-hell-deport/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> hard-line pledge\u003c/a> to deport all of the 11.3 million estimated undocumented immigrants living in the United States, he's quickly tried to follow through on various other hard-line campaign promises. Within his first week in office, he signed an order to begin construction of a U.S.-Mexico border wall, defund sanctuary cities, beef up immigration enforcement and expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants to be targeted for deportation. In his second week, he issued another even more incendiary order temporarily banning travelers from seven terror-prone countries and suspending the U.S. refugee program (key parts of this order were halted by a federal court in early February).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although state governments generally have little control over federal immigration policy and enforcement, Democratic lawmakers in California are promising to provide a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/22/politics/california-immigration-donald-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong line of defense \u003c/a> for undocumented state residents facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposed state bills focus on providing funding for free legal assistance and training for lawyers to better defend undocumented immigrants. Currently, less than 40 percent of immigrants facing deportation have \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/access_to_counsel_in_immigration_court.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> legal counsel, \u003c/a>according to the left-leaning American Immigration Council.\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/access_to_counsel_in_immigration_court.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a> Another proposed state bill would establish \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-senate-leader-proposes-safe-zones-at-1481144070-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \"safe zones\" \u003c/a> prohibiting immigration enforcement in public spaces such as schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at stake is federal funding for so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a> that don't fully comply with federal immigration enforcement efforts. Major cities with sanctuary policies include San Francisco, Los Angeles and Oakland -- in addition, California passed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_4_bill_20130916_enrolled.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statewide bill\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of Trump's threat to defund these jurisdictions, most of California's sanctuary cities have reaffirmed their commitment to such policies. San Francisco became the first city to sue the administration, charging that denying funding over policy disagreements is a violation of the 10th Amendment. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sites/default/files/Statement-of-Principles-in-Support-of-Undocumented-Members-of-UC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> University of California\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/california-university-leader-promises-safe-campuses-for-undocumented-students-7618087\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California State University\u003c/a> have also issued statements pledging not to cooperate with federal enforcement authorities and to continue admitting eligible students regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1437px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/healthcare_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/healthcare_CAL.png\" alt=\"healthcare_CAL\" width=\"1437\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act (ACA) -- popularly known as Obamacare -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it's still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2016/03/03/20-million-people-have-gained-health-insurance-coverage-because-affordable-care-act-new-estimates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 million \u003c/a> more Americans now have some form of health coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is strongly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> opposed to the ACA\u003c/a> and has pledged to \"repeal and replace\" it. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/15/politics/tom-price-save-republicans-obamacare-mess/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Price\u003c/a>, Trump's recently confirmed Health and Human Services Secretary, calls the law \"stifling and oppressive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although House Republicans have already voted to take the first steps toward repeal and Trump has already signed an executive order (largely symbolic) to limit \"burdens of the Affordable Care Act,\" a replacement plan is still unclear. Proposals include restoring \"free market principles\" by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, changing federal aid to \"block grants,\" and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump has also argued that deporting undocumented immigrants would \"relieve health care cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be difficult to completely repeal the law; it would require 60 votes in the U.S. Senate, including the support of at least eight Democrats. More likely, the law will be picked apart piece by piece. Certain portions, such as allowing children to stay on their parents' policies until the age of 26 and requiring insurance companies to offer plans to those with existing conditions, have broad public support and are less likely to be slashed from the ACA. However, the Republican-controlled Congress will most likely reduce federal funding for state exchanges (such as Covered California) and Medicaid (Medi-Cal in California), a program for the poor and elderly, which provides health insurance for nearly one in three statewide, including undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Californians are covered under their employer-sponsored health care programs. However, nearly 5 million are newly covered under the ACA. Since the law went into effect in 2014, California has signed up more people for the program than any other state in the nation. At stake is $20.5 billion in federal funding -- $15.5 billion for Medi-Cal and $5 billion in Covered California subsidies. Drastic reductions in federal funding would almost certainly deal a huge blow to the level of coverage and number of insured Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals who currently buy insurance through Covered California are already seeing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/19/486613011/covered-californias-health-plan-rates-to-jump-sharply-in-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> spike\u003c/a> in monthly premiums -- just over \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/18/why-obamacare-covered-california-premiums-going-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 13 percent on average\u003c/a> -- due to expiring federal funding programs and rising medical costs. The impact of these increases on enrollment numbers is still unclear. However, the Urban Institute, a Washington think tank, predicts that 7.5 million Californians will be uninsured by 2021 if the ACA is repealed -- nearly double the number than if the law remains in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's 2017 enrollment numbers will be released in March, but nationally an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/02/10/us/politics/ap-us-health-overhaul-sign-ups.html\">12.2 million\u003c/a> have signed up so far this year despite threats to discontinue the ACA. A clear majority of those enrolled - nearly 64 percent - live in states that Trump won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the outlook is not rosy, Democratic lawmakers say they will examine \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/ask-emily/article114059303.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> state budgeting tools\u003c/a> to fill federal funding gaps, and that they are committed to keeping health care affordable for all Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>ECONOMY/TRADE\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25799\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png\" alt=\"Source: World Bank; California Employment Development Department\" width=\"1000\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-160x80.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-800x401.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-768x385.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-960x481.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-240x120.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-375x188.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/economy_edit-520x261.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: World Bank; California Employment Development Department\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The national economy is officially rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, and employment rates continue to rise. However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that's contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor. Wealth inequality in the U.S. is now at near record highs, with about 90 percent of wealth owned by the top 0.1 percent of families, according to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/13/us-wealth-inequality-top-01-worth-as-much-as-the-bottom-90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> economic research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to public pressure, a number of states have recently raised their minimum wages, even as the federal minimum wage has been stuck at $7.25 since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's \"America First\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-economic-plan-winning-the-global-competition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> economic plan\u003c/a> includes ways to simplify the tax code, increase trade enforcement with Mexico and China and strike down federal agency regulations, which he describes as \"the anchor dragging us down.\" The president has consistently appealed to \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> big business\u003c/a>, pledging to slash the top tax rate on corporations by more than half\u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Republican presidential primary, Trump advocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/?utm_term=.03fd239f9e53\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strongly against\u003c/a> raising the federal minimum wage, but has since shifted his position. More recently, he suggested it should be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it's an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump railed against international trade deals, which he claimed has hurt U.S. workers and sent more jobs overseas. So far, President Trump seem to be sticking to his campaign pledges to withdraw from or renegotiate these agreements. During his first week in office, he signed an executive order formally withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a trade deal orchestrated by President Obama that would have lowered tariffs on imports and exports among the U.S. and 11 other Pacific Rim nations. He also promised to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians are paying \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-trump-risk-california-economy-20161206-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> close attention\u003c/a> to the president's proposals to redraw trade agreements. The state economy is heavily tied to markets in Asia and Central America, and more than 40 percent of all U.S. imports come through California's ports in Long Beach and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some economists have predicted that trade agreements that boost U.S. exports, as the TPP proposes to do, could lead to significant job creation in wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing sectors. However, policies that increase taxes on goods made abroad -- particularly those in China and Mexico -- could potentially hurt many California businesses involved in logistics and trade. Trump has threatened a 35 percent tax on cars and parts from Mexico and a 45 percent tariff on Chinese products. (His spokesperson also recently suggested a 20 percent tax on Mexican imports in order to fund the border wall).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's tough immigration policies may also have unintended consequences for the agriculture industry, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-anderson-forecast-new-economy-under-new-administration-trumponomics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> UCLA report\u003c/a>. About half of all agriculture workers in the state are undocumented immigrants. Deporting a portion of the workforce would likely increase the cost of fruits and vegetables nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite inaction at the federal level, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/01/04/raising-the-minimum-wage-how-millions-of-workers-started-2017-with-a-bigger-paycheck-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California's minimum wage\u003c/a> was raised to $10.50 in 2017 and is slated to reach $15 by 2022. The federal minimum wage is likely to remain at or close to its current level under the Trump administration, which some argue puts businesses in California at a competitive disadvantage. However, state leaders maintain they are committed to providing living wages to all Californians. In fact, some cities, like Los Angeles and San Francisco, have passed laws to raise the minimum wage to $15, ahead of the state's schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/environment_CAL.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/environment_CAL.png\" alt=\"environment_CAL\" width=\"1000\" height=\"501\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California EPA Air Resources Board & California Energy Commission\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world's largest carbon emitters. At the 2015 United Nations climate change conference in Paris, the Obama administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation's carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> ahead of his final week in office, Obama urged the incoming administration not to walk away from the Paris agreement: \"Were the United States to step away from Paris, it would lose its seat at the table to hold other countries to their commitments, demand transparency, and encourage ambition,\" \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/01/06/science.aam6284.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he wrote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Globally, 2016 was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-on-record-globally\">hottest year\u003c/a> on record, the third year in a row of record-setting global average surface temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Trump proposes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump has \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> disputed\u003c/a> the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. He has called global warming a \"hoax\" and a \"pseudoscience\" invented by America's global competitors to stifle U.S. economic growth. As spelled out in his \"America First Energy Plan,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he plans\u003c/a> to renegotiate Obama's carbon reduction strategy, revive coal mining and other carbon-intensive industries and withdraw from the Paris agreement. As of the Trump administration's first day in office, any mention of climate change has been removed from the White House website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's nomination of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/12/08/pruitt-trumps-epa-pick-has-both-sides-of-climate-divide-girding-for-a-major-fight/?utm_term=.581ff7d7a795\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a well-known climate change denier and state attorney general with a history of lawsuits against the EPA, has environmental activists preparing for battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's recently confirmed Secretary of State \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/12/10/who-is-rex-tillerson-the-exxonmobil-chairman-who-may-become-secretary-of-state/?utm_term=.3e274e1811e1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rex Tillerson\u003c/a>, has also given environmentalists serious cause for concern. He is, after all, the former chief executive of ExxonMobile, the largest oil and gas company in the world that's not exactly known for its pristine environmental record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, under Tillerson's leadership, the company publicly embraced the scientific consensus that climate change is linked to human activity, proposed some solutions to address the problem and issued a statement in support of the Paris agreement. And during Tillerson's January confirmation hearing, he acknowledged the validity of climate science and said he supported sticking with the Paris agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What California can do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown has emerged as a national and global figure in the fight to combat climate change. In response to rumors that President Trump's administration may eliminate funding for earth-science programs, including NASA satellites that provide important data for climate change research, Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ca-gov-jerry-brown-california-could-launch-its-own-damn-satellite-2016-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> recently proclaimed\u003c/a>, \"If Trump turns off the satellites, California will launch its own damn satellite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has extensive programs that aim to reduce carbon emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels and increase \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/renewable.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> renewable energy use\u003c/a> to 50 percent of total generation by 2030. California's environmental regulations have historically exceeded national standards and set the benchmarks for federal policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/12/12/if-trump-wont-can-california-sign-the-international-climate-treaty/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> backs out\u003c/a> of the Paris agreement, as President Trump has promised to do, California lawmakers would not be able to sign the agreement as a separate entity. The state would likely be challenged in court if it attempted to circumvent national foreign policy. However, Brown has signed the state on to its own climate movement, \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/background/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, an international pact to slash carbon emissions with even more ambitious emission reduction goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the state's environmental groups and the scientific community are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/26/us/california-climate-change-jerry-brown-donald-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> more concerned\u003c/a> the Trump administration may reduce funds for important research facilities, and cut federal regulations on emissions and vehicle fuel standards. Some business groups are worried that removing federal environmental protections may put California at a competitive disadvantage if other states choose to opt out of climate change policies or environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, California's political leaders remain optimistic and committed to leading the national and global campaigns to stop climate change. According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ca-gov-jerry-brown-california-could-launch-its-own-damn-satellite-2016-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gov. Brown\u003c/a>, \"We've got the scientists, we've got the lawyers, and we're ready to fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s Engineers Week! From growing plants in space to innovations in the building designing process, these resources will bring real-world applications of physics and engineering into your teaching and learning. Use videos to illustrate how engineering touches every aspect of life.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/eng06.sci.engin.design.funnyboat/funny-boat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cbr>\nFunny Boat\u003c/a> | Grades K-8\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt may be admirable to create something useful out of garbage, but it could be risky to trust your life to a boat made from items others have thrown away. In this video segment adapted from \u003cem>FETCH!\u003c/em>™, cast members put their engineering design skills to the test when they are challenged to construct a boat that floats, can be steered, and is propelled by something other than oars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/ngss-eng/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Teaching NGSS Engineering Design Through Media\u003c/a> | Grades K-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTeaching Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Engineering Design Through Media is a collection of activities and professional development resources drawn from programs such as WGBH’s \u003cem>Design Squad Nation\u003c/em> and the Engineering is Elementary® project at the Museum of Science, Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.engin.design.desprocess/what-is-the-design-process/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is the Design Process?\u003c/a> | Grades 3-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video segment, adapted from \u003cem>Thinking Big, Building Small,\u003c/em> demonstrates each part of the engineering design process, which is fundamental to any successful project. Though it does this in the context of building skyscrapers, the process is applicable to any sort of project, including constructing schools, building bridges, and even manufacturing sneakers. Students will recognize the value of going through its steps sequentially when constructing scale models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/e-books/\">Engineering Is E-Book Series\u003c/a> | Grades 6-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBring science to life at the touch of a fingertip. Access the latest e-books from KQED! Explore STEM topics and careers through real-world examples. Designed to engage learners through a blend of high-quality media, interactive elements and informative text, the books and accompanying iTunes U courses offer rich learning experiences both in and out of the classroom.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/f3e9d183-9c43-4fc0-8fcf-1abfacdb0504/digital-engineering-planning-the-leadenhall-building/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Engineering\u003c/a> | Grades 5-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLearn about innovations in the building design process in this clip from \u003cem>Super Skyscrapers\u003c/em>, as planners of London’s Leadenhall Building use a 3D computer model to support an innovative, “just in time” materials delivery system. Building in the heart of London comes with unique challenges, as old, narrow streets and a high building density means that there’s no room to store building components in the building’s footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/2705b7e3-6b1f-4a86-963f-ce4247dc3fa1/agricultural-engineering/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agricultural Engineering\u003c/a> | Grades 7-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAgricultural engineers explain their work and how they use biology and engineering to make farms energy-efficient and our food supply safe and plentiful. They describe what drew them to agricultural engineering and their education and career paths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/769e4698-4c08-4eab-9a3b-eddc05017ca6/turn-your-smartphone-into-a-science-lab-inside-science/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turn Your Smartphone into a Lab\u003c/a> | Grades 8-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video from \u003cem>Inside Science\u003c/em> see how researchers at the University of Washington turn your smartphone into a powerful portable microscope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/06/19/5-sites-for-learning-about-engineering-careers/\">5 Resources for Learning About Engineering Careers\u003c/a> | Grades 8-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIntroduce your students to a multitude of different engineering jobs, career pathways and people working in the field. Research shows that students who start thinking about college in middle school and early high school are more likely to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/npe11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Physics and Engineering Collection\u003c/a> | Grades 9-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis collection\u003cem> \u003c/em>is designed to bring real-world applications of physics and engineering concepts into high school classrooms. Take a deep-dive into the 70 classroom and professional development resources in the collection and get some tips on teaching with digital media with this \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/1nDhcZE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">free webinar recording\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/biot09.biotech.app.tissueeng/tissue-engineering/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tissue Engineering-Design Squad\u003c/a> | Grades 9-12 \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith the help of PBS’s “\u003cem>Design Squad\u003c/em>,” students will hear about the work of Howard Pryor, a tissue engineer and doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Pryor demonstrates a device he is working on to replace diseased livers. He explains the challenges of artificially engineering a human organ, including getting blood to flow through a device for processing just as it would through a liver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Sign up for a free \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PBS LearningMedia account\u003c/a> to access thousands more educational resources from PBS and partners. Build interactive lessons, quizzes and storyboards to create media rich teaching and learning opportunities in your classroom with \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s Engineers Week! From growing plants in space to innovations in the building designing process, these resources will bring real-world applications of physics and engineering into your teaching and learning. Use videos to illustrate how engineering touches every aspect of life.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/eng06.sci.engin.design.funnyboat/funny-boat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cbr>\nFunny Boat\u003c/a> | Grades K-8\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt may be admirable to create something useful out of garbage, but it could be risky to trust your life to a boat made from items others have thrown away. In this video segment adapted from \u003cem>FETCH!\u003c/em>™, cast members put their engineering design skills to the test when they are challenged to construct a boat that floats, can be steered, and is propelled by something other than oars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/ngss-eng/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Teaching NGSS Engineering Design Through Media\u003c/a> | Grades K-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTeaching Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Engineering Design Through Media is a collection of activities and professional development resources drawn from programs such as WGBH’s \u003cem>Design Squad Nation\u003c/em> and the Engineering is Elementary® project at the Museum of Science, Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.engin.design.desprocess/what-is-the-design-process/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is the Design Process?\u003c/a> | Grades 3-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video segment, adapted from \u003cem>Thinking Big, Building Small,\u003c/em> demonstrates each part of the engineering design process, which is fundamental to any successful project. Though it does this in the context of building skyscrapers, the process is applicable to any sort of project, including constructing schools, building bridges, and even manufacturing sneakers. Students will recognize the value of going through its steps sequentially when constructing scale models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/e-books/\">Engineering Is E-Book Series\u003c/a> | Grades 6-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBring science to life at the touch of a fingertip. Access the latest e-books from KQED! Explore STEM topics and careers through real-world examples. Designed to engage learners through a blend of high-quality media, interactive elements and informative text, the books and accompanying iTunes U courses offer rich learning experiences both in and out of the classroom.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/f3e9d183-9c43-4fc0-8fcf-1abfacdb0504/digital-engineering-planning-the-leadenhall-building/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Engineering\u003c/a> | Grades 5-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLearn about innovations in the building design process in this clip from \u003cem>Super Skyscrapers\u003c/em>, as planners of London’s Leadenhall Building use a 3D computer model to support an innovative, “just in time” materials delivery system. Building in the heart of London comes with unique challenges, as old, narrow streets and a high building density means that there’s no room to store building components in the building’s footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/2705b7e3-6b1f-4a86-963f-ce4247dc3fa1/agricultural-engineering/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agricultural Engineering\u003c/a> | Grades 7-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAgricultural engineers explain their work and how they use biology and engineering to make farms energy-efficient and our food supply safe and plentiful. They describe what drew them to agricultural engineering and their education and career paths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/769e4698-4c08-4eab-9a3b-eddc05017ca6/turn-your-smartphone-into-a-science-lab-inside-science/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turn Your Smartphone into a Lab\u003c/a> | Grades 8-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video from \u003cem>Inside Science\u003c/em> see how researchers at the University of Washington turn your smartphone into a powerful portable microscope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/06/19/5-sites-for-learning-about-engineering-careers/\">5 Resources for Learning About Engineering Careers\u003c/a> | Grades 8-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIntroduce your students to a multitude of different engineering jobs, career pathways and people working in the field. Research shows that students who start thinking about college in middle school and early high school are more likely to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/npe11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Physics and Engineering Collection\u003c/a> | Grades 9-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis collection\u003cem> \u003c/em>is designed to bring real-world applications of physics and engineering concepts into high school classrooms. Take a deep-dive into the 70 classroom and professional development resources in the collection and get some tips on teaching with digital media with this \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/1nDhcZE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">free webinar recording\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/biot09.biotech.app.tissueeng/tissue-engineering/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tissue Engineering-Design Squad\u003c/a> | Grades 9-12 \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith the help of PBS’s “\u003cem>Design Squad\u003c/em>,” students will hear about the work of Howard Pryor, a tissue engineer and doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Pryor demonstrates a device he is working on to replace diseased livers. He explains the challenges of artificially engineering a human organ, including getting blood to flow through a device for processing just as it would through a liver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Sign up for a free \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PBS LearningMedia account\u003c/a> to access thousands more educational resources from PBS and partners. Build interactive lessons, quizzes and storyboards to create media rich teaching and learning opportunities in your classroom with \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "MAP: What California's Reservoir and Snowpack Levels Look Like Now",
"title": "MAP: What California's Reservoir and Snowpack Levels Look Like Now",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Drought? What drought?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of powerful winter storms has restored California's once-withering snowpack to levels well above average, with most of the state's reservoirs now filled at or near capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suddenly swollen state of California's reservoirs \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/oroville-dam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">made big news\u003c/a> in mid-February when nearly 200,000 people living near Lake Oroville in Butte County were evacuated after the reservoir reached capacity and the dam's spillway failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent inundation of wet weather makes it's easy to forget that California was very recently mired in a historic five-year drought. And even while epic levels of rain and snow continue to pummel much of the state, the California Water Resources Control Board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/08/as-rains-continue-state-extends-drought-regulations-through-summer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voted unanimously\u003c/a> on Feb. 8 to extend current water conservation rules through September, a nod to the fickle weather patterns of recent years and the still diminished groundwater levels in areas of the agricultural-heavy Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows fluctuations since 2010 in California's 30-largest reservoirs, using CA Department of Water Resources data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the reservoir map below to view the interactive version. Grey borders mark the maximum capacity of each reservoir, while the blue circles show fluctuating storage levels over time. All reservoirs are scaled relative to maximum storage capacity (with the largest -- Shasta Lake -- at 30 pixels). Click on each reservoir to see the change in capacity since 2010, and view changing percentages over time by mousing over the reservoir pop-out to the left of the chart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-30372 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1562\" height=\"1504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM.png 1562w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-160x154.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-800x770.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-768x739.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-1020x982.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-1180x1136.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-960x924.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-240x231.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-375x361.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-520x501.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1562px) 100vw, 1562px\">\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">Source: \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/RES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Major Bay Area water sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col3+from+1NIm7PuuPiHOm1RAm-VjyIsNslYCnTSSCWzLDS3c&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=37.72079799420169&lng=-122.23845001696753&t=1&z=8&l=col3&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/key6.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-19617\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/key6.jpg\" alt=\"key6\" width=\"640\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/key6.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/key6-400x96.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>More on California's water sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/water/california-water-systems/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NRDC's water district finder interactive\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.water-ed.org/watersources/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Education Foundation's regional water tracker\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Drought? What drought?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of powerful winter storms has restored California's once-withering snowpack to levels well above average, with most of the state's reservoirs now filled at or near capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suddenly swollen state of California's reservoirs \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/oroville-dam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">made big news\u003c/a> in mid-February when nearly 200,000 people living near Lake Oroville in Butte County were evacuated after the reservoir reached capacity and the dam's spillway failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent inundation of wet weather makes it's easy to forget that California was very recently mired in a historic five-year drought. And even while epic levels of rain and snow continue to pummel much of the state, the California Water Resources Control Board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/08/as-rains-continue-state-extends-drought-regulations-through-summer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voted unanimously\u003c/a> on Feb. 8 to extend current water conservation rules through September, a nod to the fickle weather patterns of recent years and the still diminished groundwater levels in areas of the agricultural-heavy Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows fluctuations since 2010 in California's 30-largest reservoirs, using CA Department of Water Resources data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the reservoir map below to view the interactive version. Grey borders mark the maximum capacity of each reservoir, while the blue circles show fluctuating storage levels over time. All reservoirs are scaled relative to maximum storage capacity (with the largest -- Shasta Lake -- at 30 pixels). Click on each reservoir to see the change in capacity since 2010, and view changing percentages over time by mousing over the reservoir pop-out to the left of the chart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-30372 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1562\" height=\"1504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM.png 1562w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-160x154.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-800x770.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-768x739.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-1020x982.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-1180x1136.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-960x924.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-240x231.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-375x361.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-520x501.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Screen-Shot-2018-03-13-at-11.46.27-AM-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1562px) 100vw, 1562px\">\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">Source: \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/RES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Major Bay Area water sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col3+from+1NIm7PuuPiHOm1RAm-VjyIsNslYCnTSSCWzLDS3c&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=37.72079799420169&lng=-122.23845001696753&t=1&z=8&l=col3&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/key6.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-19617\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/key6.jpg\" alt=\"key6\" width=\"640\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/key6.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/09/key6-400x96.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>More on California's water sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/water/california-water-systems/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NRDC's water district finder interactive\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.water-ed.org/watersources/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Education Foundation's regional water tracker\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Who Are the Refugees Living in America Today?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>On Jan. 27, President Trump signed a sweeping \u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/president-trumps-executive-orders-224424294.html\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> immediately suspending the entire U.S. refugee program for 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order also blocks immigration for at least 90 days from seven predominantly Muslim nations considered to be “terror-prone”, including Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/02/03/refugees-in-the-united-states/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Who Are the Refugees Living in America Today?\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 27, President Trump signed a sweeping \u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/president-trumps-executive-orders-224424294.html\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> immediately suspending the entire U.S. refugee program for 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order also blocks immigration for at least 90 days from seven predominantly Muslim nations considered to be “terror-prone”, including Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia,",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>On Jan. 27, President Trump signed a sweeping \u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/president-trumps-executive-orders-224424294.html\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> immediately suspending the entire U.S. refugee program for 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order also blocks immigration for at least 90 days from seven predominantly Muslim nations considered to be “terror-prone”, including Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/02/03/refugees-in-the-united-states/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Who Are the Refugees Living in America Today?\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "What You Need to Know about the Supreme Court and Its Latest Nominee",
"title": "What You Need to Know about the Supreme Court and Its Latest Nominee",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/dZFctv9efPQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his characteristic showmanship on full display, President Trump waited for prime time on Jan. 31 to reveal Judge Neil Gorsuch as his nominee for the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In doing so, Trump fulfilled a key campaign promise to nominate a staunch conservative to the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If confirmed, Gorsuch, 49, would replace the late Justice Antonin Scalia, a conservative icon who died unexpectedly in February after three decades on the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scalia's seat has been empty for nearly a year now, the result of a controversial and unprecedented move by Senate Republican leaders to block President Obama's nominee, Judge Merrick Garland. Republicans argued that a nominee shouldn't be considered during an election year and blocked Garland from receiving so much as a hearing. Since then, the court has operated as an eight-member body (with any 4-4 ties upholding decisions made in the lower appeals courts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch currently serves on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, in Denver, and closely resembles Scalia in both political ideology and judicial philosophy. Like Scalia -- who adamantly opposed gay marriage, abortion, affirmative action, gun control and government regulation -- he is deeply conservative and known for his \"originalist\" perspective on the Constitution as a “dead” document to be interpreted the way the Founders originally intended when they drafted it more than 200 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">Gorsuch would be the youngest justice on the high court and would be expected to once again give it a conservative majority .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\u003cem>Two random facts: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\u003cem>1. If Gorsuch gets the gig, he'll be working alongside his former boss, Justice Anthony Kennedy, whom he clerked for. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\u003cem>2. At Harvard Law School, Gorsuch was classmates with a guy by the name of Barack Obama.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/trump-supreme-court-gorsuch-234471\" target=\"_blank\">As a federal judge\u003c/a>, Gorsuch was a staunch defender of religious liberty and consistently wary of federal regulations. It's expected that his decisions on Supreme Court cases will be ideologically consistent with those made by Scalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\"They really are incredibly similar in their approaches,\" Tom Goldstein, publisher of SCOTUSblog, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/01/512906634/scotusblog-co-founder-gorsuch-to-have-immediate-impact-on-court\" target=\"_blank\">recently told NPR\u003c/a>. \"Gorsuch does seem almost to have modeled himself on Scalia across one area after another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a good chance that he will find himself in the awkward position of having to rule on the legality of one or more controversial executive actions made by the man who appointed him. Trump's recent executive order to temporarily block refugees from entering the United States and ban travel from seven Muslim-majority countries has already provoked a storm of litigation and is likely to be the first (of potentially many) of the president's actions to be challenged in the high court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what happens now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In a standard confirmation process, the president’s nominee must first testify before the Senate Judiciary Committee. If given the green light, the nominee is considered by the full Senate, where a 60-vote threshold is required to overcome a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/a-confirmation-battle-brews-in-the-senate/515298/\" target=\"_blank\">filibuster\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things in Washington right now are anything but standard. The current relationship between Democrats and Republicans is pretty toxic, with Democrats still seething over the treatment of Garland, Obama's nominee, who Republicans stonewalled for nearly a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So some kind of showdown is pretty inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear, though, what Democrats will do and how much leverage they have. Although in the minority, there are enough of them in the Senate (48 Democrats; 52 Republicans) to block the 60-vote supermajority needed to confirm a Supreme Court justice. If that were to happen, though, Republicans could strike back and try to invoke the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/21/politics/nuclear-option-explainer/\">\"nuclear option,\"\u003c/a> a funky maneuver that scraps the existing rules and requires only a simple majority of 51 votes to confirm the nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line: It might take a while and it's not going to be pretty, but Gorsuch is pretty likely to be confirmed as the next U.S. Supreme Court justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, despite Scalia's deeply conservative views, he was unanimously confirmed by the Senate in 1986, after being nominated by President Ronald Reagan. But the nominating process today is far more politically divisive than it used to be. In fact, until now, the Senate had never in its entire history taken longer than \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/13/us/how-long-does-it-take-to-confirm-a-supreme-court-nominee.html\" target=\"_blank\">125 days\u003c/a> to vote on a nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Why is this particular nomination such a big deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The judiciary is intended to be a nonpartisan branch of government, but reality suggests otherwise; the Supreme Court is sharply divided along partisan lines. Of the eight justices on the court today, four lean pretty consistently to the right (John Roberts, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas and, to a slightly less predictable extent, Anthony Kennedy), and the other four, pretty consistently to the left (Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan, Sonia Sotomayor and Stephen Breyer). Scalia was a reliable vote for conservative causes, one of the five justices who tipped the balance of the court to the right. Gorsuch is expected to stay the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland, on the other hand, would have likely shifted the balance back to the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, we’re talking about a lifetime appointment. It means that a young nominee like Gorsuch is likely to serve on the court for quite a long time, influencing domestic affairs for generations, long after Trump leaves office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising the stakes even more, several justices on the court are getting up there in years and probably won't be around for too much longer. Justice Kennedy is 80 and Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is 83. That means another appointment -- or set of appointments -- is likely to happen fairly soon (although how soon is anyone's guess), a move that could significantly alter the current makeup of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Do presidents always pick nominees who share their politics?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-e1486054825344.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21270\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-21270 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS.png\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003c/a>Usually (wouldn’t you?). There are, however, some notable exceptions, including justices who have shifted positions during their time on the court, much to the chagrin of the presidents who appointed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Dwight Eisenhower, for instance, once referred to his appointment of Chief Justice Earl Warren as “the biggest damn fool mistake I ever made.\" Likewise, Justice David Souter was far more left-leaning on the bench than ever anticipated by President George H. W. Bush, who appointed him in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Is the court's political divide all that unusual?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To some extent, yes. Although most judges aren't elected or considered \"politicians,\" you'd be hard pressed to find a judge whose legal decisions aren't influenced by his or her political beliefs. As such, there have always been partisan divides on the Supreme Court. But in recent years, the political polarization has intensified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2432111\">William and Mary Law School study\u003c/a> found that since 1990 there has been a “dramatic increase in the ideological gap between Democratic and Republican appointees.” As a result, it notes, “presidential elections will matter more to Court decision-making than they ever have in this nation’s history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The divide extends to the justice’s law clerks, who play a crucial role in both selecting the cases the court chooses to hear and influencing the rulings their bosses make. Justices have historically sought clerks who, to some extent, reflect a range of political views. But as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/07/us/politics/07clerks.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times\u003c/a> reported in 2010: “These days the more conservative justices are much more likely than were their predecessors to hire clerks who worked for judges appointed by Republicans. And the more liberal justices are more likely than in the past to hire from judges appointed by Democrats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/8C0weq6CzqM\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who can be a Supreme Court justice?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Anyone! The Constitution doesn’t actually spell out any guidelines on age or education level (although you wouldn’t know it looking at the resumes of the current justices, all of whom attended law school at either Harvard or Yale). Nominees don't need to have judicial experience. Heck, they don't even need law degrees. And unlike the presidency, there is no requirement to be a “natural-born” citizen. In fact, foreign-born justices have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/faq_justices.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">appointed six times\u003c/a> throughout the court’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even former presidents can be on the court: President William Howard Taft was appointed chief justice in 1921, nearly a decade after his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So maybe a Justice Obama or a Justice Trump someday? I wouldn't hold your breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How many cases does the court hear each year, and how does it decide which ones to take?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Again, much of the work is done by law clerks. Each term, they pour through upward of 8,000 requests, called a petition for a writ of certiorari (or a \"cert. petition\"). These are brought by the petitioners, who have already exhausted all appeals in federal and state courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except on very rare occasions, the court considers only cases that have gone up the federal judicial system food chain: usually starting in a district court and then going to an appellate court. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, the final step on the legal ladder. Its decision is law, one that can't be appealed to any other court. (For a more thorough procedural overview, see the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/reference/educational-resources/supreme-court-procedure/\" target=\"_blank\">SCOTUS Blog\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clerks recommend which appeals their justices should consider or overlook, and the justices then vote. Four of nine justices have to agree to take a case and hear oral arguments. This is called “granting certiorari.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a tiny percentage of those thousands of appeals actually see the light of day. The court now accepts about 80 cases a term, hearing oral arguments between October and April. In that respect, the court's less publicized decisions to NOT a hear a case are often as consequential (in that it upholds the decision of the lower court).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The petitioner and respondent usually appear in court for an hour-long session, during which they're pelted with questions from the nine justices (although Justice Clarence Thomas very rarely utters a word).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices then meet privately to vote on the decision. Unless the decision is unanimous, a justice from either side is selected to write the majority and dissenting opinions. Later in the term, the court announces -- or hands down -- its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/7sualy8OiKk\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dZFctv9efPQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dZFctv9efPQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>With his characteristic showmanship on full display, President Trump waited for prime time on Jan. 31 to reveal Judge Neil Gorsuch as his nominee for the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In doing so, Trump fulfilled a key campaign promise to nominate a staunch conservative to the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If confirmed, Gorsuch, 49, would replace the late Justice Antonin Scalia, a conservative icon who died unexpectedly in February after three decades on the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scalia's seat has been empty for nearly a year now, the result of a controversial and unprecedented move by Senate Republican leaders to block President Obama's nominee, Judge Merrick Garland. Republicans argued that a nominee shouldn't be considered during an election year and blocked Garland from receiving so much as a hearing. Since then, the court has operated as an eight-member body (with any 4-4 ties upholding decisions made in the lower appeals courts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch currently serves on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, in Denver, and closely resembles Scalia in both political ideology and judicial philosophy. Like Scalia -- who adamantly opposed gay marriage, abortion, affirmative action, gun control and government regulation -- he is deeply conservative and known for his \"originalist\" perspective on the Constitution as a “dead” document to be interpreted the way the Founders originally intended when they drafted it more than 200 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">Gorsuch would be the youngest justice on the high court and would be expected to once again give it a conservative majority .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\u003cem>Two random facts: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\u003cem>1. If Gorsuch gets the gig, he'll be working alongside his former boss, Justice Anthony Kennedy, whom he clerked for. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\u003cem>2. At Harvard Law School, Gorsuch was classmates with a guy by the name of Barack Obama.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/trump-supreme-court-gorsuch-234471\" target=\"_blank\">As a federal judge\u003c/a>, Gorsuch was a staunch defender of religious liberty and consistently wary of federal regulations. It's expected that his decisions on Supreme Court cases will be ideologically consistent with those made by Scalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">\"They really are incredibly similar in their approaches,\" Tom Goldstein, publisher of SCOTUSblog, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/01/512906634/scotusblog-co-founder-gorsuch-to-have-immediate-impact-on-court\" target=\"_blank\">recently told NPR\u003c/a>. \"Gorsuch does seem almost to have modeled himself on Scalia across one area after another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a good chance that he will find himself in the awkward position of having to rule on the legality of one or more controversial executive actions made by the man who appointed him. Trump's recent executive order to temporarily block refugees from entering the United States and ban travel from seven Muslim-majority countries has already provoked a storm of litigation and is likely to be the first (of potentially many) of the president's actions to be challenged in the high court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what happens now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In a standard confirmation process, the president’s nominee must first testify before the Senate Judiciary Committee. If given the green light, the nominee is considered by the full Senate, where a 60-vote threshold is required to overcome a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/a-confirmation-battle-brews-in-the-senate/515298/\" target=\"_blank\">filibuster\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things in Washington right now are anything but standard. The current relationship between Democrats and Republicans is pretty toxic, with Democrats still seething over the treatment of Garland, Obama's nominee, who Republicans stonewalled for nearly a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So some kind of showdown is pretty inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear, though, what Democrats will do and how much leverage they have. Although in the minority, there are enough of them in the Senate (48 Democrats; 52 Republicans) to block the 60-vote supermajority needed to confirm a Supreme Court justice. If that were to happen, though, Republicans could strike back and try to invoke the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/21/politics/nuclear-option-explainer/\">\"nuclear option,\"\u003c/a> a funky maneuver that scraps the existing rules and requires only a simple majority of 51 votes to confirm the nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line: It might take a while and it's not going to be pretty, but Gorsuch is pretty likely to be confirmed as the next U.S. Supreme Court justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, despite Scalia's deeply conservative views, he was unanimously confirmed by the Senate in 1986, after being nominated by President Ronald Reagan. But the nominating process today is far more politically divisive than it used to be. In fact, until now, the Senate had never in its entire history taken longer than \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/13/us/how-long-does-it-take-to-confirm-a-supreme-court-nominee.html\" target=\"_blank\">125 days\u003c/a> to vote on a nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Why is this particular nomination such a big deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The judiciary is intended to be a nonpartisan branch of government, but reality suggests otherwise; the Supreme Court is sharply divided along partisan lines. Of the eight justices on the court today, four lean pretty consistently to the right (John Roberts, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas and, to a slightly less predictable extent, Anthony Kennedy), and the other four, pretty consistently to the left (Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan, Sonia Sotomayor and Stephen Breyer). Scalia was a reliable vote for conservative causes, one of the five justices who tipped the balance of the court to the right. Gorsuch is expected to stay the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland, on the other hand, would have likely shifted the balance back to the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, we’re talking about a lifetime appointment. It means that a young nominee like Gorsuch is likely to serve on the court for quite a long time, influencing domestic affairs for generations, long after Trump leaves office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising the stakes even more, several justices on the court are getting up there in years and probably won't be around for too much longer. Justice Kennedy is 80 and Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is 83. That means another appointment -- or set of appointments -- is likely to happen fairly soon (although how soon is anyone's guess), a move that could significantly alter the current makeup of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Do presidents always pick nominees who share their politics?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-e1486054825344.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21270\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-21270 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS.png\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003c/a>Usually (wouldn’t you?). There are, however, some notable exceptions, including justices who have shifted positions during their time on the court, much to the chagrin of the presidents who appointed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Dwight Eisenhower, for instance, once referred to his appointment of Chief Justice Earl Warren as “the biggest damn fool mistake I ever made.\" Likewise, Justice David Souter was far more left-leaning on the bench than ever anticipated by President George H. W. Bush, who appointed him in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Is the court's political divide all that unusual?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To some extent, yes. Although most judges aren't elected or considered \"politicians,\" you'd be hard pressed to find a judge whose legal decisions aren't influenced by his or her political beliefs. As such, there have always been partisan divides on the Supreme Court. But in recent years, the political polarization has intensified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2432111\">William and Mary Law School study\u003c/a> found that since 1990 there has been a “dramatic increase in the ideological gap between Democratic and Republican appointees.” As a result, it notes, “presidential elections will matter more to Court decision-making than they ever have in this nation’s history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The divide extends to the justice’s law clerks, who play a crucial role in both selecting the cases the court chooses to hear and influencing the rulings their bosses make. Justices have historically sought clerks who, to some extent, reflect a range of political views. But as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/07/us/politics/07clerks.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times\u003c/a> reported in 2010: “These days the more conservative justices are much more likely than were their predecessors to hire clerks who worked for judges appointed by Republicans. And the more liberal justices are more likely than in the past to hire from judges appointed by Democrats.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8C0weq6CzqM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8C0weq6CzqM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Who can be a Supreme Court justice?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Anyone! The Constitution doesn’t actually spell out any guidelines on age or education level (although you wouldn’t know it looking at the resumes of the current justices, all of whom attended law school at either Harvard or Yale). Nominees don't need to have judicial experience. Heck, they don't even need law degrees. And unlike the presidency, there is no requirement to be a “natural-born” citizen. In fact, foreign-born justices have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/faq_justices.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">appointed six times\u003c/a> throughout the court’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even former presidents can be on the court: President William Howard Taft was appointed chief justice in 1921, nearly a decade after his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So maybe a Justice Obama or a Justice Trump someday? I wouldn't hold your breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How many cases does the court hear each year, and how does it decide which ones to take?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Again, much of the work is done by law clerks. Each term, they pour through upward of 8,000 requests, called a petition for a writ of certiorari (or a \"cert. petition\"). These are brought by the petitioners, who have already exhausted all appeals in federal and state courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except on very rare occasions, the court considers only cases that have gone up the federal judicial system food chain: usually starting in a district court and then going to an appellate court. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, the final step on the legal ladder. Its decision is law, one that can't be appealed to any other court. (For a more thorough procedural overview, see the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/reference/educational-resources/supreme-court-procedure/\" target=\"_blank\">SCOTUS Blog\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clerks recommend which appeals their justices should consider or overlook, and the justices then vote. Four of nine justices have to agree to take a case and hear oral arguments. This is called “granting certiorari.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a tiny percentage of those thousands of appeals actually see the light of day. The court now accepts about 80 cases a term, hearing oral arguments between October and April. In that respect, the court's less publicized decisions to NOT a hear a case are often as consequential (in that it upholds the decision of the lower court).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The petitioner and respondent usually appear in court for an hour-long session, during which they're pelted with questions from the nine justices (although Justice Clarence Thomas very rarely utters a word).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices then meet privately to vote on the decision. Unless the decision is unanimous, a justice from either side is selected to write the majority and dissenting opinions. Later in the term, the court announces -- or hands down -- its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Politics by Design: The Art of Political Logos (with Lesson Plan)",
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"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Political-logos-lesson-plan_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Political logos (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s the Superbowl, World Cup or World Series, sports fans never have to wonder who’s who on the field. Not with their team’s colors and carefully crafted logo plastered all over the stadium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the big game isn’t the only place where logos are visually dominant. In politics, campaign logos are one of the most recognizable visuals of an election bid, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/03/politics/2016-logos/\" target=\"_blank\">second only to photographs\u003c/a> of the candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, a logo’s job is to build remembrance,” designer Sky Hartman told CNN in 2015. “If you can design a concept that sticks in people’s minds, you’ve been successful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Political logos, though, have only really emerged as major visual campaign tools in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most candidates nowadays typically tap the skills of high-end design firms, hoping the branding magic that have helped make MasterCard and McDonald’s instantly recognizable will rub off on them as well. The result is usually a red-white-and-blue version of a candidate's name -- or more likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/06/04/the-rise-of-the-single-letter-political-logos/?utm_term=.3e660c5dd7fc\">one of their initials \u003c/a>-- that tries to establish a recognizable brand by packing the essence of their candidacy in a succinct visual statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Logo design 101\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Because a logo is a single image with just a few design elements, every artistic choice counts. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/artschool/2016/12/16/logo-design-with-mark-winn/\">Mark Winn\u003c/a>, a Bay Area painter and designer, starts his logo design process with a written list of characteristics that he’s trying to capture. He then begins experimenting with multiple versions of a single image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Winn’s personal logos, most political logos draw from a menu of colors, typefaces and graphic flourishes to convey something distinctive about a candidate or campaign message. With such a small canvas to work with, the slightest adjustment can pack a visual punch or even define the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25476\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-25476\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg.png\" alt=\"obama_2008_480 transparent version.jpg\" width=\"320\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg.png 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg-160x129.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg-240x194.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg-375x303.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obama's 2008 campaign logo.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In his 2016 presidential bid, Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) used a logo that was praised for its italic \u003ci>slant\u003c/i>, meant to evoke action and momentum (although not enough to win him the nomination). In 2008, then-presidential candidate Barack Obama’s logo took his last name, which sounded foreign to many Americans, and transformed it into a symbol reminiscent of a rising sun, a symbol intended to convey a message of hope and change.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The critics\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Given the amount of thought that goes into modern political logos, it’s no surprise that they are often critiqued like artistic masterpieces, with observers weighing in on every last curve of a letter or use of punctuation. During the 2016 primary season, major news outlets, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/07/31/which-2016-presidential-candidate-has-the-worst-logo/?utm_term=.067e8b1c55bb\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-06-05/what-that-campaign-logo-is-really-saying-a-design-critique\">Bloomberg \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/03/politics/2016-logos/\">CNN\u003c/a>, featured design experts who painstakingly analyzed each candidate’s logo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even late-night TV hosts Jimmy Fallon and Stephen Colbert joined in, poking fun at the exclamation point at the end of Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.adweek.com/adfreak/jeb-bush-unveiled-his-2016-logo-and-internet-shouted-unkind-things-it-165344\">logo\u003c/a>. (Eventually, even Bush \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFmW21XC4Hk\">himself\u003c/a> cracked jokes at his logo’s expense).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25475\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 289px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25475\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg.png\" alt=\"The original Students for Trump logo.\" width=\"289\" height=\"172\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg.png 1181w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-160x96.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-800x478.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-768x458.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-1020x609.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-1180x704.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-960x573.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-240x143.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-375x224.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-520x310.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original Students for Trump logo. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But jibes about punctuation are mild compared to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/trump-vp-pick-mike-spence-logo-225612\">the reaction\u003c/a> to the first iteration of the Trump-Pence campaign logo unveiled in August 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interlocking of the T in Trump and P in Pence caused a flurry of commentary, off-color jokes and artistic scorn. The flap blew over only when a second, very different image replaced the first, a notable switch given how rarely campaigns switch logos once they've gone they’ve gone public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 282px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg.png\" alt=\"The final logo.\" width=\"282\" height=\"96\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg.png 340w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg-160x55.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg-240x82.png 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The second draft. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hillary Clinton’s 2016 logo was also \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/design-experts-trash-hillary-clintons-new-logo-117100\">widely panned\u003c/a> for its right-pointing arrow and “FedEx feel.\" Despite the criticisms, though, the logo endured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(A logo) is only one tool and it’s not more than a means to an end,” Michael Bierut, who designed Hillary Clinton’s 2016 logo told Wired magazine in 2016. “People don’t vote for logos. They vote for candidates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Donkey and elephants\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Vxe-9XgtQ44\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the most widely recognized political logos -- the Democratic donkey and the Republican elephant -- originated not from a famous design firms but rather from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/political-animals-republican-elephants-and-democratic-donkeys-89241754/\">pen of the 19th century political cartoonist\u003c/a> Thomas Nast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A loyal Republican, Nast drew political cartoons that almost always depicted politicians in the rival Democratic party as stubborn donkeys with hair-trigger tempers. While he popularized the association, he wasn’t the first to link Democrats and donkeys. That can be traced back to the 1828 presidential campaign of Democrat Andrew Jackson. Rather than shying away from his opponents' efforts to compare his last name to a jackass, he boldly embraced the association and re-branded it as a symbol of loyalty and hard work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25474\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 461px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25474\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey.jpg\" alt=\""The Third-Term Panic" by Thomas Nast, originally published in Harper's Magazine in 1874.\" width=\"461\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"The Third-Term Panic\" by Thomas Nast, originally published in Harper's Magazine in 1874. \u003ccite>(Public domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nast also consistently used an elephant to symbolize the Republican Party. Some believe the power and strength of an elephant was meant to contrast favorably with the Democrat donkey. Others think it was a visual reminder the Union’s victory in the Civil War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the origins, Nast’s caricatures took hold and were adopted by other cartoonists, and today are still the most recognized symbols of America’s two major political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Learn more about what goes into creating a logo with \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/artschool/2016/12/16/logo-design-with-mark-winn/\">\u003ci>Bay Area artist Mark Winn\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/HqdvYyOUhZ4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Related resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxe-9XgtQ44\">Business Insider video: The Origins of Political Logos\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/03/politics/2016-logos/\">CNN: Drawing Voters In: Campaign Logos Bring Artistic Touches to Politics\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2015/12/the-year-in-political-branding/\">Wired: The State of the Modern Political Logo\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/a-history-of-embarrassing-presidential-campaign-logos\">Atlas Obscura: A History of Embarrassing Presidential Campaign Logos\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/political-animals-republican-elephants-and-democratic-donkeys-89241754/\">Smithsonian: Political Animals: Republican Elephants and Democratic Donkeys\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Political-logos-lesson-plan_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Political logos (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s the Superbowl, World Cup or World Series, sports fans never have to wonder who’s who on the field. Not with their team’s colors and carefully crafted logo plastered all over the stadium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the big game isn’t the only place where logos are visually dominant. In politics, campaign logos are one of the most recognizable visuals of an election bid, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/03/politics/2016-logos/\" target=\"_blank\">second only to photographs\u003c/a> of the candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, a logo’s job is to build remembrance,” designer Sky Hartman told CNN in 2015. “If you can design a concept that sticks in people’s minds, you’ve been successful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Political logos, though, have only really emerged as major visual campaign tools in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most candidates nowadays typically tap the skills of high-end design firms, hoping the branding magic that have helped make MasterCard and McDonald’s instantly recognizable will rub off on them as well. The result is usually a red-white-and-blue version of a candidate's name -- or more likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/06/04/the-rise-of-the-single-letter-political-logos/?utm_term=.3e660c5dd7fc\">one of their initials \u003c/a>-- that tries to establish a recognizable brand by packing the essence of their candidacy in a succinct visual statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Logo design 101\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Because a logo is a single image with just a few design elements, every artistic choice counts. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/artschool/2016/12/16/logo-design-with-mark-winn/\">Mark Winn\u003c/a>, a Bay Area painter and designer, starts his logo design process with a written list of characteristics that he’s trying to capture. He then begins experimenting with multiple versions of a single image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Winn’s personal logos, most political logos draw from a menu of colors, typefaces and graphic flourishes to convey something distinctive about a candidate or campaign message. With such a small canvas to work with, the slightest adjustment can pack a visual punch or even define the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25476\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-25476\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg.png\" alt=\"obama_2008_480 transparent version.jpg\" width=\"320\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg.png 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg-160x129.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg-240x194.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/obama_2008_480-transparent-version.jpg-375x303.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obama's 2008 campaign logo.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In his 2016 presidential bid, Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) used a logo that was praised for its italic \u003ci>slant\u003c/i>, meant to evoke action and momentum (although not enough to win him the nomination). In 2008, then-presidential candidate Barack Obama’s logo took his last name, which sounded foreign to many Americans, and transformed it into a symbol reminiscent of a rising sun, a symbol intended to convey a message of hope and change.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The critics\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Given the amount of thought that goes into modern political logos, it’s no surprise that they are often critiqued like artistic masterpieces, with observers weighing in on every last curve of a letter or use of punctuation. During the 2016 primary season, major news outlets, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/07/31/which-2016-presidential-candidate-has-the-worst-logo/?utm_term=.067e8b1c55bb\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-06-05/what-that-campaign-logo-is-really-saying-a-design-critique\">Bloomberg \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/03/politics/2016-logos/\">CNN\u003c/a>, featured design experts who painstakingly analyzed each candidate’s logo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even late-night TV hosts Jimmy Fallon and Stephen Colbert joined in, poking fun at the exclamation point at the end of Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.adweek.com/adfreak/jeb-bush-unveiled-his-2016-logo-and-internet-shouted-unkind-things-it-165344\">logo\u003c/a>. (Eventually, even Bush \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFmW21XC4Hk\">himself\u003c/a> cracked jokes at his logo’s expense).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25475\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 289px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25475\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg.png\" alt=\"The original Students for Trump logo.\" width=\"289\" height=\"172\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg.png 1181w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-160x96.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-800x478.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-768x458.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-1020x609.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-1180x704.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-960x573.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-240x143.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-375x224.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Students_for_Trump_logo_square-students-for-Trump.jpg-520x310.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original Students for Trump logo. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But jibes about punctuation are mild compared to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/trump-vp-pick-mike-spence-logo-225612\">the reaction\u003c/a> to the first iteration of the Trump-Pence campaign logo unveiled in August 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interlocking of the T in Trump and P in Pence caused a flurry of commentary, off-color jokes and artistic scorn. The flap blew over only when a second, very different image replaced the first, a notable switch given how rarely campaigns switch logos once they've gone they’ve gone public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 282px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg.png\" alt=\"The final logo.\" width=\"282\" height=\"96\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg.png 340w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg-160x55.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump_Pence_2016_2-wikimedia-commons.jpg-240x82.png 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The second draft. \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hillary Clinton’s 2016 logo was also \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/design-experts-trash-hillary-clintons-new-logo-117100\">widely panned\u003c/a> for its right-pointing arrow and “FedEx feel.\" Despite the criticisms, though, the logo endured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(A logo) is only one tool and it’s not more than a means to an end,” Michael Bierut, who designed Hillary Clinton’s 2016 logo told Wired magazine in 2016. “People don’t vote for logos. They vote for candidates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Donkey and elephants\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Vxe-9XgtQ44'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Vxe-9XgtQ44'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Two of the most widely recognized political logos -- the Democratic donkey and the Republican elephant -- originated not from a famous design firms but rather from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/political-animals-republican-elephants-and-democratic-donkeys-89241754/\">pen of the 19th century political cartoonist\u003c/a> Thomas Nast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A loyal Republican, Nast drew political cartoons that almost always depicted politicians in the rival Democratic party as stubborn donkeys with hair-trigger tempers. While he popularized the association, he wasn’t the first to link Democrats and donkeys. That can be traced back to the 1828 presidential campaign of Democrat Andrew Jackson. Rather than shying away from his opponents' efforts to compare his last name to a jackass, he boldly embraced the association and re-branded it as a symbol of loyalty and hard work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25474\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 461px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25474\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey.jpg\" alt=\""The Third-Term Panic" by Thomas Nast, originally published in Harper's Magazine in 1874.\" width=\"461\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Thomas-Nast-cartoon-of-GOP-elephant-and-donkey-dressed-as-donkey-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"The Third-Term Panic\" by Thomas Nast, originally published in Harper's Magazine in 1874. \u003ccite>(Public domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nast also consistently used an elephant to symbolize the Republican Party. Some believe the power and strength of an elephant was meant to contrast favorably with the Democrat donkey. Others think it was a visual reminder the Union’s victory in the Civil War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the origins, Nast’s caricatures took hold and were adopted by other cartoonists, and today are still the most recognized symbols of America’s two major political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Learn more about what goes into creating a logo with \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/artschool/2016/12/16/logo-design-with-mark-winn/\">\u003ci>Bay Area artist Mark Winn\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HqdvYyOUhZ4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HqdvYyOUhZ4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Related resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxe-9XgtQ44\">Business Insider video: The Origins of Political Logos\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/03/politics/2016-logos/\">CNN: Drawing Voters In: Campaign Logos Bring Artistic Touches to Politics\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2015/12/the-year-in-political-branding/\">Wired: The State of the Modern Political Logo\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/a-history-of-embarrassing-presidential-campaign-logos\">Atlas Obscura: A History of Embarrassing Presidential Campaign Logos\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/political-animals-republican-elephants-and-democratic-donkeys-89241754/\">Smithsonian: Political Animals: Republican Elephants and Democratic Donkeys\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump-100-Days-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Trump's First 100 Days (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The recent changes to the official White House website speak volumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning of President Trump’s inauguration, the \u003ca href=\"http://The%20morning%20of%20President%20Trump%E2%80%99s%20inauguration,%20multiple%20pages%20outlining%20official%20policy%20and%20priorities%20on%20the%20White%20House%20website%20were%20removed%20or%20replaced%20with%20new%20text.%20Those%20pages%20include%20information%20about%20LGBT%20rights,%20civil%20rights,%20law%20enforcement%20and%20climate%20change.%20It%E2%80%99s%20not%20unusual%20for%20an%20incoming%20administration%20to%20change%20material%20on%20the%20Whitehouse.gov%20site.%20But%20it%E2%80%99s%20also%20a%20window%20into%20the%20new%20president%E2%80%99s%20priorities%20and%20how%20he%20might%20frame%20various%20solutions%20to%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20problems.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pages \u003c/a>on Whitehouse.gov outlining the president's official policy stances on civil rights, immigration and health care all vanished into cyberspace. So, too, did the page on combating \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-record/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a>. In fact, there's no longer a single mention of \"climate change\" on the entire site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping website edits are indicative of a seismic shift away from Obama administration policies, and they provide some insight into what Trump is likely to push for in his first 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first 100 days of a new administration have been the symbolic time frame for new administrations to set clear policy agendas. Traditionally, presidents have come to office on a wave of public goodwill, which makes it easier to quickly start fulfilling campaign promises. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and enters the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. Nevertheless, his administration has wasted no time in beginning to plow through an ambitious set of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/29/the-power-of-executive-action-what-trump-can-and-cant-do-in-his-first-100-days-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RELATED: Executive actions explained\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, President Donald Trump vowed to undo major parts of the Obama administration’s domestic and foreign policy actions, from repealing most of Obamacare and scrapping recent gun control rules to undoing immigration reforms and eliminating various environmental regulations. He reiterated these intentions in his \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\">Contract with the American Voter\u003c/a>, a plan released in October charting the first 100 days of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump is in the White House, he has tremendous leverage to quickly fulfill many of these campaign promises. Some he can\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/21/us/politics/what-trump-wants-to-do-in-his-first-100-days-and-how-difficult-each-will-be.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> put in place immediately\u003c/a> through executive action, with the mere stroke of a pen. For priorities that involve spending measures or the repeal of already enacted legislation, he needs support from Congress. And fortunately for him, both houses are controlled by Republicans eager to confirm his Cabinet nominees, support his agenda and approve his soon-to-be announced Supreme Court pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the issues in this interactive to learn more about some of the major policy issues on the table, and how Trump can shape them in his first 100 days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out what young people think about these and other key issues, check out the\u003ca href=\"https://letters2president.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Letters to the Next President\u003c/a> archive.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"unique-identifier1\" href=\"#yellow\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23334 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/nationalsecurity.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/economy-1.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Immigration1.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png\" alt=\"womensrights\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Healthcare1.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/environment_energy.png\" alt=\"Climate Change\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/CriminalJustice1.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/GunControl1.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/HigherEducation1.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>GUN CONTROL\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings make up only a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency, including a June 2016 rampage at an Orlando nightclub that killed 49 people, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Democratic efforts to enact stricter gun control regulations, congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked any new legislation. There is, however, strong public support for gun control measures. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\">2016 CNN poll\u003c/a>, 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent said they want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association -- which endorsed Trump -- remains huge, effectively killing almost all efforts for stricter gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump called gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He says he's opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed in all 50 states. He's also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama's executive actions on guns he enacted after the December 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting -- in lieu of congressional action -- that marginally expand background checks and help to crack down on illegal online gun sales. Trump has also advocated for eliminating gun-free zones in schools and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his campaign website, Trump stated that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He's also claimed that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>WOMEN'S RIGHTS\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court's landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision protecting a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans are still deeply divided on the issue. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June 2016, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers, a major victory for abortion rights advocates. In its 5-3 decision, the court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he adopted the anti-abortion stance of the Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first week in office, just days after massive women's marches took place around the world, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/?utm_term=.f2c063cddee0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive action\u003c/a> blocking any foreign aid or federal funding for international organizations that provide or \"promote\" abortions. The ban had previously been put in place by President George W. Bush and removed by President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also pledging to make more permanent changes to federal abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, most notably to the Supreme Court, who could further weaken abortion restrictions. He has, however, strayed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal funding for Planned Parenthood\u003c/a>, a national reproductive health organization that provides low-cost abortions and birth control, may also be on the chopping block as part of the Republicans' effort to repeal Obamacare. Vice President Mike Pence, a vocal anti-abortion advocate, has previously pushed for de-funding the organization. And as governor of Indiana, Pence signed into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for women seeking abortions and for the medical facilities providing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy was one of the most contentious issues in the 2016 election, and a cornerstone of Trump's campaign. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up about 13 percent of the nation’s total population. Just over \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented; living here without legal status . This population has actually slightly decreased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it's unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, 75 percent of respondents said that undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All legislative efforts to enact comprehensive immigration reform have stalled in Congress in recent years. In lieu of legislation, the Obama administration took a series of executive actions protecting undocumented young people and their parents, who meet certain conditions, from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, however, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning several of these executive actions that would have provided protection to nearly 5 million undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a record \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5 million people\u003c/a> were deported during Obama's presidency, more than any other administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tough talk on immigration has been a signature part of the Trump campaign since day one, and as president he now has broad powers to influence policy. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best ... They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, he repeatedly promised to eliminate \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/24/news/economy/daca-undocumented-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, one of Obama's surviving executive actions, which he can now fulfill on his own without congressional approval. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DACA\u003c/a> currently protects about 750,000 undocumented young people -- known as the DREAMers -- from deportation, allowing them to obtain driver's licenses, enroll in college and get jobs. Those who voluntarily registered with the government in order to participate in the program would become vulnerable to deportation if Trump follows through on his threat to get rid of it. As of his first week in office, it was still not clear if he would take action on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as a candidate, Trump initially pledged to deport all 11 million undocumented residents, he's since scaled back that threat, and now says the focus will primarily be on immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his most provocative talking points on the campaign trail was the promise to build a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with Mexico footing the estimated $10 billion bill. He also threatened to defund so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a>, those jurisdictions around the country that are generally unwilling to assist with local federal immigration enforcement efforts (including, interestingly, Washington, D.C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 25, in his first week in office, Trump addressed both of these issues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/25/politics/donald-trump-build-wall-immigration-executive-orders/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing a set of executive orders\u003c/a> calling for the construction of the border wall (which would still require congressional approval to pay for most of it) as well as beefing up border patrol and immigration enforcement. The following day, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto abruptly cancelled his planned meeting with Trump, a move that further heightened tensions and prompted Trump's press secretary to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-president-cancels-visit-to-washington-as-tensions-with-trump-administration-intensify/2017/01/26/ececc3da-e3d9-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html?utm_term=.e667a788ed2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce\u003c/a> that the wall would be funded through a a 20-percent tax imposed on all imports from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders also expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants who could be targets for deportation. And it threatens to cut off federal grant funding from sanctuary cities who don't comply with enforcement efforts, a move that, if enforced, will \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/01/bill-de-blasio/new-york-city-mayor-says-president-cant-defund-san/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely result in major legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A nation without borders is not a nation, and today the United States of America gets back control of its borders,\" Trump signed upon signing the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">initially called\u003c/a> for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.\" Closer to the election, he marginally softened his stance, instead proposing a temporary ban on refugees entering the United States, particularly those from Muslim countries with terrorist activity, who he insisted should be subject to \"extreme vetting.\" He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/21/trump-on-the-future-of-proposed-muslim-ban-registry-you-know-my-plans/?utm_term=.68d2477aa04a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed creating a registry\u003c/a> of Muslims living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\" alt=\"Trumps_Ban\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>In keeping with his promise, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/trump-refugee-plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial executive order\u003c/a> on Jan. 27 aimed at “protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States.” It imposes several sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/refugee-muslim-executive-order-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration-related measures\u003c/a>, including a 90-day ban on entry from seven \"terror-prone\" majority-Muslim countries: Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Libya and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the order suspends admission of all refugees into the United States for 120 days to allow for a thorough \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/us/why-it-takes-two-years-for-syrian-refugees-to-apply-to-enter-the-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the screening process\u003c/a>. After that period, refugee entry can then resume, but only for countries that satisfy U.S. security requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order caps the total number of admissions at 50,000 for the 2017 fiscal year, less than half the number admitted by Obama the previous year. Just since October -- the start of the 2017 fiscal year -- nearly 30,000 refugees have already entered the United States, leaving just over 20,000 refugee admission spots available for the next eight months. It also orders Homeland Security to prioritize refugee applications for people from religious minority groups, who in many of the Muslim-majority countries under consideration, are predominantly Christian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also suspends all Syrian refugees from entering the country until the administration determines that their admission would be “consistent with the national interest,\" a dramatic departure from Obama's resettlement program that admitted 10,000 Syrian refugees in the 2016 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington State and Minnesota quickly filed suit, challenging the legality of Trump's order. On Feb. 3, a U.S. district judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/us-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-travel-ban-nationwide/2017/02/03/e4888a4a-ea6d-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html?pushid=breaking-news_1486181330&tid=notifi_push_breaking-news&utm_term=.34acdf9a7f9a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the seven-nation ban, allowing travelers with valid visas to resume entering the country. The ruling was immediately appealed by the administration but quickly upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/appeals-court-trump-travel-ban.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\">unanimous decision\u003c/a> announced on Thursday, Feb. 9. The case will likely make its way to U.S. Supreme Court soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per the court's ruling, the United States will, for now, continue admitting new refugees, but many fewer than before. Under President Obama it was on pace to resettle 110,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 (October 2016 - September 2017). Trump's recent actions, however, reduce the yearly refugee cap to 50,000, a part of the executive order that has not been challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, roughly 716 for every 100,000 people, the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for nonviolent drug offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans and Latinos make up a disproportionate percentage of inmates. Because of the system’s astronomical costs, prison reform is actually one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, nonviolent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race, although they've responded very differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prison Policy Initiative: \"Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America\" (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> World Prison Brief - Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue, but he's long pledged to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and \"restore law and order,\" priorities supported by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala), his nominee for attorney general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump frequently makes the claim that crime has been rapidly increasing, reaching near-crisis levels. He's referred to America's inner cities as \"war zones.\" And although the U.S. murder rate and overall violent crime rate \u003cem>did\u003c/em> rise between 2014 and 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2015-crime-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the FBI\u003c/a>, those rates are still significantly lower than they were in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has expressed strong support for law enforcement, promising to defend them and claiming that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> police are far too often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood.” He's made clear that he fully intends to reverse course from Obama's Justice Department, which conducted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">numerous investigations\u003c/a> of discriminatory practices in some of the nation's largest police departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also shown support for private prisons, and will likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/04/508048666/will-the-private-prison-business-see-a-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reverse a recent decision\u003c/a> made by Obama's Justice Department to phase out their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ECONOMY AND TRADE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump inherits an economy in much better shape than the one Obama took on eight years ago. It's been slowly but consistently rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, with rising home prices, prolonged job growth and unemployment dipping below 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump successfully keyed into the economic frustration many working-class Americans continue to feel, promising populist reforms to bring back manufacturing jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his \u003ci>America First \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bringing-back-jobs-and-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic plan,\u003c/a> he's pledged to shrink government and roll back regulations (which he says cost the U.S. more than $2 trillion in 2015, an unsubstantiated claim). In his first week, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/01/23/trump-freezes-federal-hiring/?utm_term=.ec1932b80379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed an executive action\u003c/a> initiating a hiring freeze on all federal employees (except the military).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a meeting with business leaders during his first week, he pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/24/511341779/president-trump-to-cut-regulations-by-75-percent-how-real-is-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make America more business-friendly\u003c/a> by cutting regulations by 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna be cutting regulation massively,\" he said. \"The problem with the regulation that we have right now is that you can't do anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 30, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-regulations-idUSKBN15E1QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump signed an executive order\u003c/a> to do just that, requiring federal agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new rule introduced, and setting an annual cap on the cost of new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, he signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/03/presidential-executive-order-core-principles-regulating-united-states\">two directives\u003c/a> ordering the rollback of key Obama-era financial regulations, including a plan to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which placed restrictions on Wall Street banks after the 2008 financial meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also called for dramatically simplifying the tax code to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501739277/who-benefits-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-income-tier plan \u003c/a>(there are currently seven tiers), a move that would significantly lower tax rates for top income earners. He insists that the plan would reduce taxes for everyone (\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000924-an-analysis-of-donald-trumps-revised-tax-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a claim that's been disputed\u003c/a>) and help create 25 million new American jobs in the next decade, with 4 percent annual economic growth. In the coming months, his administration will draft a tax plan and federal budget (with lots of program cuts) for Congress to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long been outspoken on trade policy, promising protectionist policies that increase tariffs on large trading partners like China and Mexico, and penalizing American industries that move their factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, he called for withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a 12-nation trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration,that he once \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\">attacked\u003c/a> as “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.\" In his first week in office, Trump made good on this promise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/23/okay-the-trans-pacific-partnership-is-dead-what-was-it/?utm_term=.4392203d8b5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issuing an executive action\u003c/a> withdrawing from the deal and effectively it dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/trade-deals-working-all-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promised to renegotiate\u003c/a> the North American Free Trade Agreement and establish terms more favorable to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, he's called for a bill to spend $1 trillion on infrastructure projects over 10 years. \u003cspan class=\"fact-checked\">\"We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful nation,\" he pledged during his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/20/510629447/watch-live-president-trumps-inauguration-ceremony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inauguration address\u003c/a>. But the d\u003c/span>etails on where that money will come from and how it will be spent have been vague, aside from his plan to generate public-private partnerships and encourage private investment through generous tax credits. Infrastructure projects are actually among the few priorities that Trump and congressional Democrats agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in the campaign, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism remains a major concern. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to deploy more American troops on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In his inauguration address, Trump said: \"We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the specifics of how he intends to destroy the Islamic State and other terrorist groups is still largely unclear. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign rally in July\u003c/a>, Trump called for increasing attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like \u003cspan class=\"st\">Guantanamo\u003c/span> (which Obama tried to close) and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump was outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they were far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign speech last June,\u003c/a> Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace.” He's taken a more isolationist stance, repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/world/europe/donald-trump-nato.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticizing the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)\u003c/a>, arguing that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should invest heavily to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/making-our-military-strong-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rebuild\" its military\u003c/a>, ensuring America's continued position as the world's foremost superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within his first week in office, the Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/document-Trump-draft-executive-order-on-detention-and.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produced a draft executive order\u003c/a> (although not yet finalized or signed) that would lift a series of detainee restrictions imposed by Obama. Trump's order includes reauthorizing the use of CIA secret prisons, sending new detainees to the Guantánamo Bay prison (which Obama tried to close) and removing certain restrictions on how detainees can be treated and interrogated, a move underscoring his insistence that \"torture works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest carbon emitters\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump still disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. As a candidate he called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged\u003c/a> to cut environmental regulations, rescind President Obama’s Clean Power Plan intended to significantly reduce carbon emissions, increase coal mining and domestic oil and gas drilling, and overhaul what he's called the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency (a move he's shown a willingness to follow through on with his pick of staunch EPA critic and climate skeptic \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4635162/scott-pruitt-science-denial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> to head the agency).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if the administration will pull out of the Paris climate deal; Trump says he has an open mind about it and his Secretary of State pick Rex Tillerson has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed support for it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration's \"American First Energy Plan\" calls for \"eliminating harmful and unnecessary\" environmental regulations to open the door for increased domestic oil, gas and coal production.In an early commitment to this plan, Trump in his first week issued executive actions to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/politics/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revive construction\u003c/a> of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipelines, two highly controversial projects that were halted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act -- or Obamacare as it’s known -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some 7 million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and has long pledged to overturn it. On his campaign site, he called the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He says he aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing health care to undocumented immigrants costs billions annually and that mass deportation would\" relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In line with the Republican establishment, Trump is pushing to \"repeal and replace\" Obamacare (which would have to be done through Congress). More than 20 million people are insured through Obamacare, and Trump and other Republican leaders have pledged to come up with a replacement that allows them all to retain their coverage. The details of what that replacement would be, though, are still very unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Trump's first day in office, he signed his \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/upshot/what-does-the-order-against-the-health-law-actually-do.html\">first executive order\u003c/a>in an effort to chip away at Obamacare by directing federal officials to use all their authority to “provide greater flexibility to states” on the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week before his inauguration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-vows-insurance-for-everybody-in-obamacare-replacement-plan/2017/01/15/5f2b1e18-db5d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trump-interview-822pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.41419af8226d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump claimed\u003c/a> he was close to completing his plan to replace Obamacare, which he says will provide \"insurance for everybody\" and reduce costs by forcing drug companies to negotiate directly with the government. The plan also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/conway-obamacare-replacement-medicaid-block-grants/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposes converting federal funds\u003c/a> for Medicaid into block grants to states, altering how millions of low-income people receive their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them -- up from 29 million in 2008 -- are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. His education secretary nominee, Betsy DeVos, also revealed very little\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/18/what-we-learned-about-betsy-devoss-higher-education-positions-not-much/?utm_term=.9a1d6a6f105a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> during her Senate confirmation hearings\u003c/a> on how she'd manage an agency that oversees thousands of colleges and universities and trillions of dollars of federal educational loans and grants .\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump-100-Days-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Trump's First 100 Days (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The recent changes to the official White House website speak volumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning of President Trump’s inauguration, the \u003ca href=\"http://The%20morning%20of%20President%20Trump%E2%80%99s%20inauguration,%20multiple%20pages%20outlining%20official%20policy%20and%20priorities%20on%20the%20White%20House%20website%20were%20removed%20or%20replaced%20with%20new%20text.%20Those%20pages%20include%20information%20about%20LGBT%20rights,%20civil%20rights,%20law%20enforcement%20and%20climate%20change.%20It%E2%80%99s%20not%20unusual%20for%20an%20incoming%20administration%20to%20change%20material%20on%20the%20Whitehouse.gov%20site.%20But%20it%E2%80%99s%20also%20a%20window%20into%20the%20new%20president%E2%80%99s%20priorities%20and%20how%20he%20might%20frame%20various%20solutions%20to%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20problems.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pages \u003c/a>on Whitehouse.gov outlining the president's official policy stances on civil rights, immigration and health care all vanished into cyberspace. So, too, did the page on combating \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-record/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a>. In fact, there's no longer a single mention of \"climate change\" on the entire site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping website edits are indicative of a seismic shift away from Obama administration policies, and they provide some insight into what Trump is likely to push for in his first 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first 100 days of a new administration have been the symbolic time frame for new administrations to set clear policy agendas. Traditionally, presidents have come to office on a wave of public goodwill, which makes it easier to quickly start fulfilling campaign promises. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and enters the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. Nevertheless, his administration has wasted no time in beginning to plow through an ambitious set of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/29/the-power-of-executive-action-what-trump-can-and-cant-do-in-his-first-100-days-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RELATED: Executive actions explained\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, President Donald Trump vowed to undo major parts of the Obama administration’s domestic and foreign policy actions, from repealing most of Obamacare and scrapping recent gun control rules to undoing immigration reforms and eliminating various environmental regulations. He reiterated these intentions in his \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\">Contract with the American Voter\u003c/a>, a plan released in October charting the first 100 days of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump is in the White House, he has tremendous leverage to quickly fulfill many of these campaign promises. Some he can\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/21/us/politics/what-trump-wants-to-do-in-his-first-100-days-and-how-difficult-each-will-be.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> put in place immediately\u003c/a> through executive action, with the mere stroke of a pen. For priorities that involve spending measures or the repeal of already enacted legislation, he needs support from Congress. And fortunately for him, both houses are controlled by Republicans eager to confirm his Cabinet nominees, support his agenda and approve his soon-to-be announced Supreme Court pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the issues in this interactive to learn more about some of the major policy issues on the table, and how Trump can shape them in his first 100 days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out what young people think about these and other key issues, check out the\u003ca href=\"https://letters2president.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Letters to the Next President\u003c/a> archive.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"unique-identifier1\" href=\"#yellow\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23334 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/nationalsecurity.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/economy-1.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Immigration1.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png\" alt=\"womensrights\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Healthcare1.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/environment_energy.png\" alt=\"Climate Change\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/CriminalJustice1.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/GunControl1.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/HigherEducation1.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>GUN CONTROL\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings make up only a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency, including a June 2016 rampage at an Orlando nightclub that killed 49 people, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Democratic efforts to enact stricter gun control regulations, congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked any new legislation. There is, however, strong public support for gun control measures. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\">2016 CNN poll\u003c/a>, 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent said they want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association -- which endorsed Trump -- remains huge, effectively killing almost all efforts for stricter gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump called gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He says he's opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed in all 50 states. He's also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama's executive actions on guns he enacted after the December 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting -- in lieu of congressional action -- that marginally expand background checks and help to crack down on illegal online gun sales. Trump has also advocated for eliminating gun-free zones in schools and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his campaign website, Trump stated that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He's also claimed that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>WOMEN'S RIGHTS\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court's landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision protecting a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans are still deeply divided on the issue. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June 2016, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers, a major victory for abortion rights advocates. In its 5-3 decision, the court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he adopted the anti-abortion stance of the Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first week in office, just days after massive women's marches took place around the world, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/?utm_term=.f2c063cddee0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive action\u003c/a> blocking any foreign aid or federal funding for international organizations that provide or \"promote\" abortions. The ban had previously been put in place by President George W. Bush and removed by President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also pledging to make more permanent changes to federal abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, most notably to the Supreme Court, who could further weaken abortion restrictions. He has, however, strayed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal funding for Planned Parenthood\u003c/a>, a national reproductive health organization that provides low-cost abortions and birth control, may also be on the chopping block as part of the Republicans' effort to repeal Obamacare. Vice President Mike Pence, a vocal anti-abortion advocate, has previously pushed for de-funding the organization. And as governor of Indiana, Pence signed into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for women seeking abortions and for the medical facilities providing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy was one of the most contentious issues in the 2016 election, and a cornerstone of Trump's campaign. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up about 13 percent of the nation’s total population. Just over \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented; living here without legal status . This population has actually slightly decreased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it's unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, 75 percent of respondents said that undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All legislative efforts to enact comprehensive immigration reform have stalled in Congress in recent years. In lieu of legislation, the Obama administration took a series of executive actions protecting undocumented young people and their parents, who meet certain conditions, from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, however, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning several of these executive actions that would have provided protection to nearly 5 million undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a record \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5 million people\u003c/a> were deported during Obama's presidency, more than any other administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tough talk on immigration has been a signature part of the Trump campaign since day one, and as president he now has broad powers to influence policy. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best ... They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, he repeatedly promised to eliminate \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/24/news/economy/daca-undocumented-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, one of Obama's surviving executive actions, which he can now fulfill on his own without congressional approval. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DACA\u003c/a> currently protects about 750,000 undocumented young people -- known as the DREAMers -- from deportation, allowing them to obtain driver's licenses, enroll in college and get jobs. Those who voluntarily registered with the government in order to participate in the program would become vulnerable to deportation if Trump follows through on his threat to get rid of it. As of his first week in office, it was still not clear if he would take action on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as a candidate, Trump initially pledged to deport all 11 million undocumented residents, he's since scaled back that threat, and now says the focus will primarily be on immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his most provocative talking points on the campaign trail was the promise to build a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with Mexico footing the estimated $10 billion bill. He also threatened to defund so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a>, those jurisdictions around the country that are generally unwilling to assist with local federal immigration enforcement efforts (including, interestingly, Washington, D.C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 25, in his first week in office, Trump addressed both of these issues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/25/politics/donald-trump-build-wall-immigration-executive-orders/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing a set of executive orders\u003c/a> calling for the construction of the border wall (which would still require congressional approval to pay for most of it) as well as beefing up border patrol and immigration enforcement. The following day, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto abruptly cancelled his planned meeting with Trump, a move that further heightened tensions and prompted Trump's press secretary to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-president-cancels-visit-to-washington-as-tensions-with-trump-administration-intensify/2017/01/26/ececc3da-e3d9-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html?utm_term=.e667a788ed2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce\u003c/a> that the wall would be funded through a a 20-percent tax imposed on all imports from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders also expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants who could be targets for deportation. And it threatens to cut off federal grant funding from sanctuary cities who don't comply with enforcement efforts, a move that, if enforced, will \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/01/bill-de-blasio/new-york-city-mayor-says-president-cant-defund-san/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely result in major legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A nation without borders is not a nation, and today the United States of America gets back control of its borders,\" Trump signed upon signing the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">initially called\u003c/a> for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.\" Closer to the election, he marginally softened his stance, instead proposing a temporary ban on refugees entering the United States, particularly those from Muslim countries with terrorist activity, who he insisted should be subject to \"extreme vetting.\" He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/21/trump-on-the-future-of-proposed-muslim-ban-registry-you-know-my-plans/?utm_term=.68d2477aa04a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed creating a registry\u003c/a> of Muslims living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\" alt=\"Trumps_Ban\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>In keeping with his promise, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/trump-refugee-plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial executive order\u003c/a> on Jan. 27 aimed at “protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States.” It imposes several sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/refugee-muslim-executive-order-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration-related measures\u003c/a>, including a 90-day ban on entry from seven \"terror-prone\" majority-Muslim countries: Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Libya and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the order suspends admission of all refugees into the United States for 120 days to allow for a thorough \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/us/why-it-takes-two-years-for-syrian-refugees-to-apply-to-enter-the-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the screening process\u003c/a>. After that period, refugee entry can then resume, but only for countries that satisfy U.S. security requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order caps the total number of admissions at 50,000 for the 2017 fiscal year, less than half the number admitted by Obama the previous year. Just since October -- the start of the 2017 fiscal year -- nearly 30,000 refugees have already entered the United States, leaving just over 20,000 refugee admission spots available for the next eight months. It also orders Homeland Security to prioritize refugee applications for people from religious minority groups, who in many of the Muslim-majority countries under consideration, are predominantly Christian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also suspends all Syrian refugees from entering the country until the administration determines that their admission would be “consistent with the national interest,\" a dramatic departure from Obama's resettlement program that admitted 10,000 Syrian refugees in the 2016 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington State and Minnesota quickly filed suit, challenging the legality of Trump's order. On Feb. 3, a U.S. district judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/us-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-travel-ban-nationwide/2017/02/03/e4888a4a-ea6d-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html?pushid=breaking-news_1486181330&tid=notifi_push_breaking-news&utm_term=.34acdf9a7f9a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the seven-nation ban, allowing travelers with valid visas to resume entering the country. The ruling was immediately appealed by the administration but quickly upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/appeals-court-trump-travel-ban.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\">unanimous decision\u003c/a> announced on Thursday, Feb. 9. The case will likely make its way to U.S. Supreme Court soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per the court's ruling, the United States will, for now, continue admitting new refugees, but many fewer than before. Under President Obama it was on pace to resettle 110,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 (October 2016 - September 2017). Trump's recent actions, however, reduce the yearly refugee cap to 50,000, a part of the executive order that has not been challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, roughly 716 for every 100,000 people, the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for nonviolent drug offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans and Latinos make up a disproportionate percentage of inmates. Because of the system’s astronomical costs, prison reform is actually one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, nonviolent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race, although they've responded very differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prison Policy Initiative: \"Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America\" (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> World Prison Brief - Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue, but he's long pledged to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and \"restore law and order,\" priorities supported by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala), his nominee for attorney general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump frequently makes the claim that crime has been rapidly increasing, reaching near-crisis levels. He's referred to America's inner cities as \"war zones.\" And although the U.S. murder rate and overall violent crime rate \u003cem>did\u003c/em> rise between 2014 and 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2015-crime-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the FBI\u003c/a>, those rates are still significantly lower than they were in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has expressed strong support for law enforcement, promising to defend them and claiming that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> police are far too often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood.” He's made clear that he fully intends to reverse course from Obama's Justice Department, which conducted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">numerous investigations\u003c/a> of discriminatory practices in some of the nation's largest police departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also shown support for private prisons, and will likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/04/508048666/will-the-private-prison-business-see-a-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reverse a recent decision\u003c/a> made by Obama's Justice Department to phase out their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ECONOMY AND TRADE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump inherits an economy in much better shape than the one Obama took on eight years ago. It's been slowly but consistently rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, with rising home prices, prolonged job growth and unemployment dipping below 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump successfully keyed into the economic frustration many working-class Americans continue to feel, promising populist reforms to bring back manufacturing jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his \u003ci>America First \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bringing-back-jobs-and-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic plan,\u003c/a> he's pledged to shrink government and roll back regulations (which he says cost the U.S. more than $2 trillion in 2015, an unsubstantiated claim). In his first week, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/01/23/trump-freezes-federal-hiring/?utm_term=.ec1932b80379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed an executive action\u003c/a> initiating a hiring freeze on all federal employees (except the military).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a meeting with business leaders during his first week, he pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/24/511341779/president-trump-to-cut-regulations-by-75-percent-how-real-is-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make America more business-friendly\u003c/a> by cutting regulations by 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna be cutting regulation massively,\" he said. \"The problem with the regulation that we have right now is that you can't do anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 30, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-regulations-idUSKBN15E1QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump signed an executive order\u003c/a> to do just that, requiring federal agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new rule introduced, and setting an annual cap on the cost of new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, he signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/03/presidential-executive-order-core-principles-regulating-united-states\">two directives\u003c/a> ordering the rollback of key Obama-era financial regulations, including a plan to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which placed restrictions on Wall Street banks after the 2008 financial meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also called for dramatically simplifying the tax code to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501739277/who-benefits-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-income-tier plan \u003c/a>(there are currently seven tiers), a move that would significantly lower tax rates for top income earners. He insists that the plan would reduce taxes for everyone (\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000924-an-analysis-of-donald-trumps-revised-tax-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a claim that's been disputed\u003c/a>) and help create 25 million new American jobs in the next decade, with 4 percent annual economic growth. In the coming months, his administration will draft a tax plan and federal budget (with lots of program cuts) for Congress to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long been outspoken on trade policy, promising protectionist policies that increase tariffs on large trading partners like China and Mexico, and penalizing American industries that move their factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, he called for withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a 12-nation trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration,that he once \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\">attacked\u003c/a> as “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.\" In his first week in office, Trump made good on this promise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/23/okay-the-trans-pacific-partnership-is-dead-what-was-it/?utm_term=.4392203d8b5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issuing an executive action\u003c/a> withdrawing from the deal and effectively it dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/trade-deals-working-all-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promised to renegotiate\u003c/a> the North American Free Trade Agreement and establish terms more favorable to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, he's called for a bill to spend $1 trillion on infrastructure projects over 10 years. \u003cspan class=\"fact-checked\">\"We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful nation,\" he pledged during his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/20/510629447/watch-live-president-trumps-inauguration-ceremony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inauguration address\u003c/a>. But the d\u003c/span>etails on where that money will come from and how it will be spent have been vague, aside from his plan to generate public-private partnerships and encourage private investment through generous tax credits. Infrastructure projects are actually among the few priorities that Trump and congressional Democrats agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in the campaign, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism remains a major concern. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to deploy more American troops on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In his inauguration address, Trump said: \"We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the specifics of how he intends to destroy the Islamic State and other terrorist groups is still largely unclear. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign rally in July\u003c/a>, Trump called for increasing attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like \u003cspan class=\"st\">Guantanamo\u003c/span> (which Obama tried to close) and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump was outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they were far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign speech last June,\u003c/a> Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace.” He's taken a more isolationist stance, repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/world/europe/donald-trump-nato.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticizing the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)\u003c/a>, arguing that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should invest heavily to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/making-our-military-strong-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rebuild\" its military\u003c/a>, ensuring America's continued position as the world's foremost superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within his first week in office, the Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/document-Trump-draft-executive-order-on-detention-and.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produced a draft executive order\u003c/a> (although not yet finalized or signed) that would lift a series of detainee restrictions imposed by Obama. Trump's order includes reauthorizing the use of CIA secret prisons, sending new detainees to the Guantánamo Bay prison (which Obama tried to close) and removing certain restrictions on how detainees can be treated and interrogated, a move underscoring his insistence that \"torture works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest carbon emitters\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump still disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. As a candidate he called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged\u003c/a> to cut environmental regulations, rescind President Obama’s Clean Power Plan intended to significantly reduce carbon emissions, increase coal mining and domestic oil and gas drilling, and overhaul what he's called the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency (a move he's shown a willingness to follow through on with his pick of staunch EPA critic and climate skeptic \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4635162/scott-pruitt-science-denial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> to head the agency).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if the administration will pull out of the Paris climate deal; Trump says he has an open mind about it and his Secretary of State pick Rex Tillerson has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed support for it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration's \"American First Energy Plan\" calls for \"eliminating harmful and unnecessary\" environmental regulations to open the door for increased domestic oil, gas and coal production.In an early commitment to this plan, Trump in his first week issued executive actions to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/politics/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revive construction\u003c/a> of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipelines, two highly controversial projects that were halted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act -- or Obamacare as it’s known -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some 7 million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and has long pledged to overturn it. On his campaign site, he called the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He says he aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing health care to undocumented immigrants costs billions annually and that mass deportation would\" relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In line with the Republican establishment, Trump is pushing to \"repeal and replace\" Obamacare (which would have to be done through Congress). More than 20 million people are insured through Obamacare, and Trump and other Republican leaders have pledged to come up with a replacement that allows them all to retain their coverage. The details of what that replacement would be, though, are still very unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Trump's first day in office, he signed his \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/upshot/what-does-the-order-against-the-health-law-actually-do.html\">first executive order\u003c/a>in an effort to chip away at Obamacare by directing federal officials to use all their authority to “provide greater flexibility to states” on the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week before his inauguration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-vows-insurance-for-everybody-in-obamacare-replacement-plan/2017/01/15/5f2b1e18-db5d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trump-interview-822pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.41419af8226d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump claimed\u003c/a> he was close to completing his plan to replace Obamacare, which he says will provide \"insurance for everybody\" and reduce costs by forcing drug companies to negotiate directly with the government. The plan also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/conway-obamacare-replacement-medicaid-block-grants/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposes converting federal funds\u003c/a> for Medicaid into block grants to states, altering how millions of low-income people receive their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them -- up from 29 million in 2008 -- are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. His education secretary nominee, Betsy DeVos, also revealed very little\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/18/what-we-learned-about-betsy-devoss-higher-education-positions-not-much/?utm_term=.9a1d6a6f105a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> during her Senate confirmation hearings\u003c/a> on how she'd manage an agency that oversees thousands of colleges and universities and trillions of dollars of federal educational loans and grants .\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.davidwilsonandribbons.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">David Wilson\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an artist based in Oakland, California with a knack for creating interesting projects that gather people together in creative ways. David likes to spend time drawing and painting in both familiar and remote locations around the Bay Area. During his adventures, he came up with the idea to share some of these locations by creating custom mailers with hand-drawn maps to lead other people to these spots for collective enjoyment — playing music, drawing and enjoying a place they had never been to before, or imagined as a space to congregate and create.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Wilson demonstrates, mail can be a powerful and tangible way to connect people. Follow along in this special episode of Art School in collaboration with\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmoma.org/series/open-studio/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SFMOMA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to learn about collage techniques and make your own mail art to share around the world.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmoma.org/read/open-studio-david-wilson/\">Download the lesson plan from SFMOMA's Open Studio.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the next two years, you can send your mail art to the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bampfa.berkeley.edu/about/art-lab\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Berkeley Art Museum & Pacific Film Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Some of the mail art sent in for this project is already on display in the BAMPFA Fisher Family Art Lab.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Share your creations here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>DESI\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">c/o BAMPFA artlab\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2120 Oxford\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Berkeley, CA 94720\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"soldout": {
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