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"headTitle": "Geography | The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>March is \u003ca href=\"http://womenshistorymonth.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Women's History Month\u003c/a>, a time to reflect on the many incredible achievements made by American women and to acknowledge the ongoing struggle for gender equality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to the tireless efforts and sacrifices of trailblazing women who for centuries have fought to break down gender barriers and challenge injustices, huge strides have been made to close the nation's once gaping gender gap. Yet, as these numbers demonstrate, there is still progress to be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Census figures below, while admittedly limited, present a brief demographic profile of America's female population today. The numbers highlight some of the areas where important gains in equality have been made and where notable disparities still exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21209\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21209\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy.png\" alt=\"EEO_infographic(1)-4 (dragged).png copy\" width=\"1239\" height=\"1463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy.png 1239w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-400x472.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-800x945.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-768x907.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-1180x1393.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-960x1134.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1239px) 100vw, 1239px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>162 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The approximate number of females in the United States as of July 2014, compared to roughly 157 million men.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPAGESEX\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 population estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>81\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Average life expectancy of a women in the United States as of 2010, as compared to 76.2 years for men.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2011/022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, life expectancy, 2010\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>75.6 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The number of women 16 and older who participated in the civilian labor force in 2014. Women made up roughly 47 percent of the nation's total civilian labor force.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/DP03\" target=\"_blank\">2014 American Community Survey, 1-Year estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>$39,621\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The median annual earnings of women 15 and older who worked year-round, full time jobs in 2014. Median annual earnings for men were $50,383.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p60-252.pdf?cssp=SERP\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, income and poverty, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>79¢\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The amount that year-round, full-time female workers earned in 2014 for every dollar their male counterparts earned.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/incpovhlth/2014/figure2.pdf%20\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, income and poverty, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/women-biz.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21375\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21375\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/women-biz.jpg\" alt=\"women biz\" width=\"612\" height=\"648\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/women-biz.jpg 612w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/women-biz-400x424.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>9.9 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Estimated number of female-owned firms in the United States in 2012, or nearly 36 percent of all U.S. firms. That's an increase of more than 2 million firms since 2007.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/SBO/2012/00CSA01\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 survey of business owners\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>1.6 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Women veterans in the United States in 2014.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B21001\" target=\"_blank\">2014 American Community Survey 1-Year estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>12.7 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Number of women enrolled in undergraduate college and graduate school in 2014. Women comprised 55.2 percent of all college students (undergraduate and graduate).\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B14002\" target=\"_blank\">American Community Survey, 2014 1-year estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>30.2\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Percentage of women 25 and older who had obtained a bachelor’s degree or more as of 2014, as compared to 29.9 percent of men.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S1501\" target=\"_blank\">American Community Survey, 2014 1-year estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>43\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Percentage of female citizens 18 and older who reported voting in the November 2014 midterm elections, as compared to 40.8 percent of their male counterparts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S1501\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census, voting and registration, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>43.5 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Estimated number of mothers age 15 to 50 in the U.S. in 2014.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/fertility/data/cps/2014.html\" target=\"_blank\">Current Population Survey, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>2.0\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Average number of children that women had given birth to as of 2014 (among women age 40 to 44). That's down from 3.1 children 40 years ago.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/fertility/data/cps/historical.html\" target=\"_blank\">Current Population Survey, Historical Table 2\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>67.1 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Number of married women 18 and older in 2015 (including those who were separated or had an absent spouse).\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/families/data/cps2015A.html\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, families and living arrangements, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>5.2 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Number of stay-at-home mothers nationwide in 2015, as compared to 199,000 stay-at-home fathers.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/families/files/shp1.xls\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, families and living arrangements, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>March is \u003ca href=\"http://womenshistorymonth.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Women's History Month\u003c/a>, a time to reflect on the many incredible achievements made by American women and to acknowledge the ongoing struggle for gender equality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to the tireless efforts and sacrifices of trailblazing women who for centuries have fought to break down gender barriers and challenge injustices, huge strides have been made to close the nation's once gaping gender gap. Yet, as these numbers demonstrate, there is still progress to be made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Census figures below, while admittedly limited, present a brief demographic profile of America's female population today. The numbers highlight some of the areas where important gains in equality have been made and where notable disparities still exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21209\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21209\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy.png\" alt=\"EEO_infographic(1)-4 (dragged).png copy\" width=\"1239\" height=\"1463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy.png 1239w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-400x472.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-800x945.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-768x907.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-1180x1393.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/EEO_infographic1-4-dragged.png-copy-960x1134.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1239px) 100vw, 1239px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>162 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The approximate number of females in the United States as of July 2014, compared to roughly 157 million men.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPAGESEX\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 population estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>81\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Average life expectancy of a women in the United States as of 2010, as compared to 76.2 years for men.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2011/022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, life expectancy, 2010\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>75.6 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The number of women 16 and older who participated in the civilian labor force in 2014. Women made up roughly 47 percent of the nation's total civilian labor force.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/DP03\" target=\"_blank\">2014 American Community Survey, 1-Year estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>$39,621\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The median annual earnings of women 15 and older who worked year-round, full time jobs in 2014. Median annual earnings for men were $50,383.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p60-252.pdf?cssp=SERP\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, income and poverty, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>79¢\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The amount that year-round, full-time female workers earned in 2014 for every dollar their male counterparts earned.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/incpovhlth/2014/figure2.pdf%20\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, income and poverty, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/women-biz.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21375\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21375\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/women-biz.jpg\" alt=\"women biz\" width=\"612\" height=\"648\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/women-biz.jpg 612w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/women-biz-400x424.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>9.9 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Estimated number of female-owned firms in the United States in 2012, or nearly 36 percent of all U.S. firms. That's an increase of more than 2 million firms since 2007.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/SBO/2012/00CSA01\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 survey of business owners\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>1.6 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Women veterans in the United States in 2014.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B21001\" target=\"_blank\">2014 American Community Survey 1-Year estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>12.7 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Number of women enrolled in undergraduate college and graduate school in 2014. Women comprised 55.2 percent of all college students (undergraduate and graduate).\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B14002\" target=\"_blank\">American Community Survey, 2014 1-year estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>30.2\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Percentage of women 25 and older who had obtained a bachelor’s degree or more as of 2014, as compared to 29.9 percent of men.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S1501\" target=\"_blank\">American Community Survey, 2014 1-year estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>43\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Percentage of female citizens 18 and older who reported voting in the November 2014 midterm elections, as compared to 40.8 percent of their male counterparts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S1501\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census, voting and registration, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>43.5 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Estimated number of mothers age 15 to 50 in the U.S. in 2014.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/fertility/data/cps/2014.html\" target=\"_blank\">Current Population Survey, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>2.0\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Average number of children that women had given birth to as of 2014 (among women age 40 to 44). That's down from 3.1 children 40 years ago.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/fertility/data/cps/historical.html\" target=\"_blank\">Current Population Survey, Historical Table 2\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>67.1 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Number of married women 18 and older in 2015 (including those who were separated or had an absent spouse).\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/families/data/cps2015A.html\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, families and living arrangements, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>5.2 million\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Number of stay-at-home mothers nationwide in 2015, as compared to 199,000 stay-at-home fathers.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small;\">\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/hhes/families/files/shp1.xls\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau, families and living arrangements, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Eight Resources for Women's History Month",
"headTitle": "Eight Resources for Women’s History Month | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>March is Women’s History Month. From homesteaders to first ladies, examine the impact of women in history in March and every month with these resources. Explore stories of women – across various disciplines – who have impacted positive change in their communities and around the world. These resources and thousands more in \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a> are great starting points that allow students to dig deeper, examine history from a variety of perspective and be critical viewers of media, all from America’s largest classroom, PBS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/first-ladies-of-the-united-states/\">First Ladies of the United States\u003c/a> | Collection | Grades K-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDiscover the different roles that First Ladies have played throughout history as policy advocates, diplomats, and public figures. Get to know First Ladies throughout the history of the United States including the work of First Lady Michelle Obama and her initiatives through featured images, background essays, videos, and lesson plans.\u003cbr>\nThis collection is a part of the \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=ce574b024c2443f9a517cb383edb0ba1&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.pbslearningmedia.org%2fcollection%2fglobaldiplomacy%2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Learning & Diplomacy Collection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/6d859987-15db-464e-bc52-dfa6459a8b31/6d859987-15db-464e-bc52-dfa6459a8b31/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Single Women Homesteaders\u003c/span> \u003c/a>| Video | Grades 3-7\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn the mid-19th century, women who were single, widowed or divorced were eligible to apply for farmland under the 1862 Homesteading Act as the head of their household. Your students learn about this era of history through their hardships and triumphs with this video from North Dakota PBS station Prairie Public Broadcasting.The 1862 Homesteading Act guaranteed free farmland to heads of households with the stipulation that the applicant must stay on the land for five years and make noticeable improvements to the land before the deed was awarded. Women who were single, widowed, or divorced were eligible to apply for land as the head of their household and many headed west into Dakota Territory. Through the reading of letters written by homesteading women and accounts of descendants, their hardships and triumphs are remembered and their perseverance is honored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/scigirls/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">SciGirls Collection\u003c/span>\u003c/a> | Grades 5-8\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em> has the bold goal of changing how millions of girls think about science, technology, engineering and math – or STEM. Each half-hour episode highlights the processes of science and engineering, following a different group of middle school girls who design, with the help of scientist mentors, their own inquiry-based investigations on a variety of topics. They also learn how rewarding and fun it is to work with their peers, and the shows’ female mentors offer girls a glimpse of exciting STEM career possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em> educational materials provide gender-equitable teaching strategies and hands-on inquiries based on the concepts modeled in \u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em>’ videos. The \u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em> approach is rooted in research on how to engage girls in STEM. A quarter of a century of studies have converged on a set of common strategies that work, and these have become \u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em>’ foundation—aka the \u003cem>SciGirls Seven\u003c/em>. All \u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em> activities were created with the \u003cem>SciGirls Seven\u003c/em> in mind and incorporate as many strategies as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/the-womens-movement/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Women’s Movement Collection\u003c/span> \u003c/a> | Grades 6-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Women’s Movement was a diverse social moment in U.S. history. It sought equal opportunities for women in all aspects of their lives (personal, political, economic, etc.) The first wave of the women’s feminist movement started in the 19th and early 20th century with leaders such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fighting for legal rights for women such as the ability to vote and own property. The second wave of the women’s movement, led by women such as Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem, occurred in the 1960s and 70s and attempted to combat further social and political inequalities.\u003cbr>\nThis collection includes resources to support teaching both waves of the women’s movement. Teach students about the two major waves of the Women’s Movement with this diverse collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/e8c1b2e2-e373-4ab1-819f-08100d16230e/women-with-character-who-inspire-lesson-plan/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Women with Character\u003c/span>\u003c/a> | PBS NewsHour Extra Lesson Plan | Grades 7-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe month of March is honors both women’s history and global character day, so \u003cem>PBS NewsHour Extra\u003c/em> created a resource to celebrate both! Use this lesson plan to guide students as they learn more about women with great character who inspire others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/womens-history-month/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Community Classroom Collection\u003c/span>\u003c/a> | Grades 9-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nITVS Community Classroom is a film and curriculum resource series that brings to life some of today’s most vital social issues by pairing film modules from award-winning documentaries with standards-based lesson plans. This collection celebrates Women’s History Month by focusing on women and girls around the world. The films tell powerful, personal stories; and the activities encourage students to learn and understand international struggles and take an active role in addressing local concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/1c7516bf-9293-4867-870d-bcd054e7aa05/womens-suffrage-crash-course-us-history-31/\">Women’s Suffrage\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 9-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this CRASH COURSE segment, students learn about American women in the Progressive Era. They’ll discover the gains women made BEYOND earning the right to vote in the 30 years between 1890 and 1920. In which John Green teaches you about American women in the Progressive Era and, well, the progress they made. So the big deal is, of course, the right to vote women gained when the 19th amendment was passed and ratified. But women made a lot of other gains in the 30 years between 1890 and 1920. More women joined the workforce, they acquired lots of other legal rights related to property, and they also became key consumers in the industrial economy. Women also continued to play a vital role in reform movements. The field of social work emerged as women like Jane Addams created settlement houses to assist immigrants in their integration into the United States. Women also began to work to make birth control widely available. You’ll learn about famous reformers and activists like Alice Paul, Margaret Sanger, and Emma Goldman, among others.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>March is Women’s History Month. From homesteaders to first ladies, examine the impact of women in history in March and every month with these resources. Explore stories of women – across various disciplines – who have impacted positive change in their communities and around the world. These resources and thousands more in \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a> are great starting points that allow students to dig deeper, examine history from a variety of perspective and be critical viewers of media, all from America’s largest classroom, PBS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/first-ladies-of-the-united-states/\">First Ladies of the United States\u003c/a> | Collection | Grades K-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDiscover the different roles that First Ladies have played throughout history as policy advocates, diplomats, and public figures. Get to know First Ladies throughout the history of the United States including the work of First Lady Michelle Obama and her initiatives through featured images, background essays, videos, and lesson plans.\u003cbr>\nThis collection is a part of the \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=ce574b024c2443f9a517cb383edb0ba1&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.pbslearningmedia.org%2fcollection%2fglobaldiplomacy%2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Learning & Diplomacy Collection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/6d859987-15db-464e-bc52-dfa6459a8b31/6d859987-15db-464e-bc52-dfa6459a8b31/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Single Women Homesteaders\u003c/span> \u003c/a>| Video | Grades 3-7\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn the mid-19th century, women who were single, widowed or divorced were eligible to apply for farmland under the 1862 Homesteading Act as the head of their household. Your students learn about this era of history through their hardships and triumphs with this video from North Dakota PBS station Prairie Public Broadcasting.The 1862 Homesteading Act guaranteed free farmland to heads of households with the stipulation that the applicant must stay on the land for five years and make noticeable improvements to the land before the deed was awarded. Women who were single, widowed, or divorced were eligible to apply for land as the head of their household and many headed west into Dakota Territory. Through the reading of letters written by homesteading women and accounts of descendants, their hardships and triumphs are remembered and their perseverance is honored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/scigirls/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">SciGirls Collection\u003c/span>\u003c/a> | Grades 5-8\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em> has the bold goal of changing how millions of girls think about science, technology, engineering and math – or STEM. Each half-hour episode highlights the processes of science and engineering, following a different group of middle school girls who design, with the help of scientist mentors, their own inquiry-based investigations on a variety of topics. They also learn how rewarding and fun it is to work with their peers, and the shows’ female mentors offer girls a glimpse of exciting STEM career possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em> educational materials provide gender-equitable teaching strategies and hands-on inquiries based on the concepts modeled in \u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em>’ videos. The \u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em> approach is rooted in research on how to engage girls in STEM. A quarter of a century of studies have converged on a set of common strategies that work, and these have become \u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em>’ foundation—aka the \u003cem>SciGirls Seven\u003c/em>. All \u003cem>SciGirls\u003c/em> activities were created with the \u003cem>SciGirls Seven\u003c/em> in mind and incorporate as many strategies as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/the-womens-movement/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Women’s Movement Collection\u003c/span> \u003c/a> | Grades 6-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Women’s Movement was a diverse social moment in U.S. history. It sought equal opportunities for women in all aspects of their lives (personal, political, economic, etc.) The first wave of the women’s feminist movement started in the 19th and early 20th century with leaders such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fighting for legal rights for women such as the ability to vote and own property. The second wave of the women’s movement, led by women such as Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem, occurred in the 1960s and 70s and attempted to combat further social and political inequalities.\u003cbr>\nThis collection includes resources to support teaching both waves of the women’s movement. Teach students about the two major waves of the Women’s Movement with this diverse collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/e8c1b2e2-e373-4ab1-819f-08100d16230e/women-with-character-who-inspire-lesson-plan/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Women with Character\u003c/span>\u003c/a> | PBS NewsHour Extra Lesson Plan | Grades 7-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe month of March is honors both women’s history and global character day, so \u003cem>PBS NewsHour Extra\u003c/em> created a resource to celebrate both! Use this lesson plan to guide students as they learn more about women with great character who inspire others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/womens-history-month/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Community Classroom Collection\u003c/span>\u003c/a> | Grades 9-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nITVS Community Classroom is a film and curriculum resource series that brings to life some of today’s most vital social issues by pairing film modules from award-winning documentaries with standards-based lesson plans. This collection celebrates Women’s History Month by focusing on women and girls around the world. The films tell powerful, personal stories; and the activities encourage students to learn and understand international struggles and take an active role in addressing local concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/1c7516bf-9293-4867-870d-bcd054e7aa05/womens-suffrage-crash-course-us-history-31/\">Women’s Suffrage\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 9-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this CRASH COURSE segment, students learn about American women in the Progressive Era. They’ll discover the gains women made BEYOND earning the right to vote in the 30 years between 1890 and 1920. In which John Green teaches you about American women in the Progressive Era and, well, the progress they made. So the big deal is, of course, the right to vote women gained when the 19th amendment was passed and ratified. But women made a lot of other gains in the 30 years between 1890 and 1920. More women joined the workforce, they acquired lots of other legal rights related to property, and they also became key consumers in the industrial economy. Women also continued to play a vital role in reform movements. The field of social work emerged as women like Jane Addams created settlement houses to assist immigrants in their integration into the United States. Women also began to work to make birth control widely available. You’ll learn about famous reformers and activists like Alice Paul, Margaret Sanger, and Emma Goldman, among others.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "EXPLAINER: How the Supreme Court Works and Why Picking A New Justice Is Such A Battle",
"title": "EXPLAINER: How the Supreme Court Works and Why Picking A New Justice Is Such A Battle",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21152\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-21152 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010.png\" alt=\"1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010.png 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-400x267.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-800x533.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-768x512.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-1180x786.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-960x640.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE (March 16)\u003c/strong>: President Obama on Wednesday announced his decision to nominate \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/16/470643431/-i-ve-made-my-decision-on-supreme-court-nominee-president-obama-says\" target=\"_blank\">Merrick Garland\u003c/a>, a centrist appeals court judge, originally from Chicago, as the nation’s 113th Supreme Court justice.\u003c/em>\u003c!--more-->The unexpected death in February of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia leaves open a coveted seat on the 9-member High Court, upping the ante of an already high stakes presidential race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">What happens now?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier2\">Can Senate Republicans really block the nomination?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier4\">Why is this particular nomination such a big deal?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier5\">Do presidents always pick nominees who share their politics?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier6\">Is this court’s political divide all that unusual?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier7\">What are the big cases left in this term, and how do they get decided with only eight justices?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier8\">Who can be a Supreme Court justice?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier9\">How many cases does the court hear each year, and how does it decide which ones to take?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Scalia was the longest serving member of the current court, and one of its staunchest conservatives. Known throughout his 30-year tenure for colorfully crafted opinions and biting dissents, Scalia consistently reinforced his unique read of the Constitution as a “dead” document meant to be interpreted the way the Founders originally conceived it more than 200 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As celebrated by the right-wing establishment as he was scorned by the left, Scalia remained adamantly opposed to gay marriage, abortion rights, affirmative action, gun control and government regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the court is split between four Republican and four Democratic appointees. President Obama's nominee, if appointed, could potentially shift the court's political balance from right to left. And that’s a prospect that Senate Republicans are hell-bent on blocking.\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What happens now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It's the president's \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii\" target=\"_blank\">constitutional responsibility\u003c/a> to nominate a new justice to fill an open seat, and Obama quickly made clear his intention to do so. On March 16, he announced the nomination of Merrick Garland, a centrist appeals court judge, who now faces a daunting Senate confirmation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \"normal\" confirmation process, the president’s nominee testifies before the Senate Judiciary Committee, which decides whether to give the go-ahead for the vote to proceed to the full Senate. If the Senate votes affirmatively, the president can formally appoint the nominee to the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, Scalia was unanimously confirmed by the Senate after his nomination in 1986. But the nominating process is now far more politically fraught, especially with a Democratic president and Republican controlled Congress. And this being an election year, and Obama’s final stint in office, Senate Republicans argue that such a consequential decision should be made by the next president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The American people should have a voice in the selection of their next Supreme Court Justice,” Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky) \u003ca href=\"http://%E2%80%9CThe%20American%20people%20should%20have%20a%20voice%20in%20the%20selection%20of%20their%20next%20Supreme%20Court%20Justice\" target=\"_blank\">told reporters\u003c/a> soon after news broke of Scalia’s death. “Therefore, this vacancy should not be filled until we have a new president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell and Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) have since \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/03/mcconnell-grassley-rally-conservative-groups-for-supreme-court-fight-220162\" target=\"_blank\">refused to hold\u003c/a> any hearings or a vote for Obama's nominee.\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier2\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Can they really do that?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Technically, yes. The Constitution dictates that Supreme Court nominees must be confirmed by the Senate. And a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/23/us/politics/document-Senate-SCOTUS-Letter.html\" target=\"_blank\">recent letter\u003c/a> from Republican members of the Senate Judiciary Committee makes an effort to justify their intent to block Obama's nominee: “Not since 1932 has the Senate confirmed in a presidential election year a Supreme Court nominee to a vacancy arising in that year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, thwarting the nomination process until Obama leaves office, nearly a year from now, would also be unprecedented. The Senate has never taken \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/13/us/how-long-does-it-take-to-confirm-a-supreme-court-nominee.html\" target=\"_blank\">more than 125 days\u003c/a> to vote on a nominee, and the average length of time from nomination to confirmation vote is 25 days.\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier4\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Why is this particular nomination such a big deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Although the judiciary is intended to be a non-partisan branch of government, the reality is otherwise. The Supreme Court is sharply divided along partisan lines. Of the eight remaining justices, four lean pretty consistently to the right (John Roberts, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas and, to a slightly less predictable extent, Anthony Kennedy), and the other four, pretty consistently to the left (Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan, Sonia Sotomayor and Stephen Breyer). Scalia was a reliable vote for conservative causes, one of the five justices who tipped the balance of the court to the right. Obama’s nominee could presumably shift the balance back to the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, we’re talking about a lifetime appointment here. That's some serious job security, and it means that whoever gets the Supreme Court gig will likely be there for quite some time - until he or she decides to retire or, well, dies. Say Obama nominates a 50-year-old to the court: if appointed, that justice may well remain for the next 30 or 40 years, impacting national affairs long after Obama is out of the limelight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/4CAtUs-PI4c \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier5\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Do presidents always pick nominees who share their politics?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Usually (wouldn’t you?). There are, however, some notable exceptions, including justices who have shifted positions during their time on the court, much to the chagrin of the presidents they were appointed by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Dwight Eisenhower, for instance, once referred to his appointment of Chief Justice Earl Warren as “the biggest damn fool mistake I ever made.\"\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier6\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So is this court's political divide all that unusual?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To some extent, yes. Although most judges aren't elected or considered \"politicians,\" you'd be hard pressed to find a judge whose legal decisions aren't influenced by his or her political beliefs. As such, there have always been partisan divides on the Supreme Court. But in recent years, this political polarization has intensified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2432111\">William and Mary Law School study\u003c/a> found that since 1990 there has been a “dramatic increase in the ideological gap between Democratic and Republican appointees.” As a result, it notes, “presidential elections will matter more to Court decision-making than they ever have in this nation’s history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-e1457657882278.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21270\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-21270\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-e1457657882278.png\" alt=\"SCOTUS\" width=\"957\" height=\"638\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The divide extends to the justice’s law clerks, who play a crucial role in both selecting the cases the court chooses to hear and influencing the justices in their rulings. Justices have historically sought clerks who, to some extent, reflect a range of political views. As the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/07/us/politics/07clerks.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times\u003c/a> reported in 2010: “These days the more conservative justices are much more likely than were their predecessors to hire clerks who worked for judges appointed by Republicans. And the more liberal justices are more likely than in the past to hire from judges appointed by Democrats.”\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier7\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What are the big cases this term, and how do they get decided with only eight justices?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Last week, the court heard a major case on the legality of a restrictive Texas abortion law, a decision that's expected to be closely divided. If it comes down to a 4-4 split, the Texas law remains in effect. The court will also hear controversial cases on affirmative action, labor unions and the legality of Obama’s executive order that shields some undocumented immigrants from deportation. (See the complete list of cases\u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/terms/ot2015/\" target=\"_blank\"> here.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court will continues to hear its scheduled docket of cases. If there is a 4-to-4 vote on any decision, then the the lower court’s ruling stands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with only eight justices on hand, some of these cases likely won't be decided as originally anticipated. In late February, for instance, the Dow Chemical company, which had banked on Scalia's support, quickly decided to \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/2016/02/the-changing-Court-brings-an-end-to-a-major-case/\">settle a case\u003c/a> it was scheduled to argue before the court, fearing a likely 4-4 split (which would default to the lower court's decision against the company).\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier8\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who can be a Supreme Court justice?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Anyone! The Constitution doesn’t actually spell out any guidelines on age or education-level (although you wouldn’t know it looking at the resumes of the current justices, all of whom attended law school at either Harvard or Yale). Nominees don't need to have judicial experience. Heck, they don't even need law degrees. And unlike the presidency, there is no requirement to be a “natural-born” citizen. In fact, foreign-born justices have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/faq_justices.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">appointed six times\u003c/a> throughout the court’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even former president's can be on the court: President William Howard Taft was appointed Chief Justice in 1921, nearly a decade after his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So maybe a Justice Obama someday? I wouldn't hold your breath.\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier9\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How many cases does the court hear each year, and how does it decide which ones to take?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Again, much of the work is done by law clerks. Each term, they pour through upwards of 8,000 requests, called a petition for a writ of certiorari (or a \"cert. petition\"). These are brought by the petitioners, who have already exhausted all appeals in federal and state courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except in very rare occasions, the court only considers cases that have gone up the judicial system food chain. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, the final step on the legal ladder. It's decision is law, one that can't be appealed to any other court. (For a more throughout procedural overview, see the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/reference/educational-resources/supreme-court-procedure/\" target=\"_blank\">SCOTUS Blog\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clerks recommend which appeals their justices should consider or overlook, and the justices then vote. Four of nine justices have to agree to take a case and hear oral arguments. This is called “granting ceriorari.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a tiny percentage of those thousands of appeals actually see the light of day. The court now accepts about 80 cases a term, hearing oral arguments between October and April. In that respect, the court's less publicized decision to NOT a hear a case is often quite consequential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The petitioner and respondent usually appear in court for an hour-long session, during which they're pelted with questions from the nine justices (although Justice Clarence Thomas very rarely utters a word).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices then meet privately to vote on the decision. Unless the decision is unanimous, a justice from either side is selected to write the majority and dissenting opinions. Later in the term, the court announces -- or “hands down” -- its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/7sualy8OiKk\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21152\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-21152 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010.png\" alt=\"1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010.png 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-400x267.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-800x533.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-768x512.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-1180x786.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/1280px-Supreme_Court_US_2010-960x640.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE (March 16)\u003c/strong>: President Obama on Wednesday announced his decision to nominate \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/16/470643431/-i-ve-made-my-decision-on-supreme-court-nominee-president-obama-says\" target=\"_blank\">Merrick Garland\u003c/a>, a centrist appeals court judge, originally from Chicago, as the nation’s 113th Supreme Court justice.\u003c/em>\u003c!--more-->The unexpected death in February of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia leaves open a coveted seat on the 9-member High Court, upping the ante of an already high stakes presidential race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">What happens now?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier2\">Can Senate Republicans really block the nomination?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier4\">Why is this particular nomination such a big deal?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier5\">Do presidents always pick nominees who share their politics?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier6\">Is this court’s political divide all that unusual?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier7\">What are the big cases left in this term, and how do they get decided with only eight justices?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier8\">Who can be a Supreme Court justice?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier9\">How many cases does the court hear each year, and how does it decide which ones to take?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Scalia was the longest serving member of the current court, and one of its staunchest conservatives. Known throughout his 30-year tenure for colorfully crafted opinions and biting dissents, Scalia consistently reinforced his unique read of the Constitution as a “dead” document meant to be interpreted the way the Founders originally conceived it more than 200 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As celebrated by the right-wing establishment as he was scorned by the left, Scalia remained adamantly opposed to gay marriage, abortion rights, affirmative action, gun control and government regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the court is split between four Republican and four Democratic appointees. President Obama's nominee, if appointed, could potentially shift the court's political balance from right to left. And that’s a prospect that Senate Republicans are hell-bent on blocking.\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What happens now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It's the president's \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii\" target=\"_blank\">constitutional responsibility\u003c/a> to nominate a new justice to fill an open seat, and Obama quickly made clear his intention to do so. On March 16, he announced the nomination of Merrick Garland, a centrist appeals court judge, who now faces a daunting Senate confirmation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \"normal\" confirmation process, the president’s nominee testifies before the Senate Judiciary Committee, which decides whether to give the go-ahead for the vote to proceed to the full Senate. If the Senate votes affirmatively, the president can formally appoint the nominee to the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, Scalia was unanimously confirmed by the Senate after his nomination in 1986. But the nominating process is now far more politically fraught, especially with a Democratic president and Republican controlled Congress. And this being an election year, and Obama’s final stint in office, Senate Republicans argue that such a consequential decision should be made by the next president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The American people should have a voice in the selection of their next Supreme Court Justice,” Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky) \u003ca href=\"http://%E2%80%9CThe%20American%20people%20should%20have%20a%20voice%20in%20the%20selection%20of%20their%20next%20Supreme%20Court%20Justice\" target=\"_blank\">told reporters\u003c/a> soon after news broke of Scalia’s death. “Therefore, this vacancy should not be filled until we have a new president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell and Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) have since \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/03/mcconnell-grassley-rally-conservative-groups-for-supreme-court-fight-220162\" target=\"_blank\">refused to hold\u003c/a> any hearings or a vote for Obama's nominee.\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier2\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Can they really do that?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Technically, yes. The Constitution dictates that Supreme Court nominees must be confirmed by the Senate. And a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/23/us/politics/document-Senate-SCOTUS-Letter.html\" target=\"_blank\">recent letter\u003c/a> from Republican members of the Senate Judiciary Committee makes an effort to justify their intent to block Obama's nominee: “Not since 1932 has the Senate confirmed in a presidential election year a Supreme Court nominee to a vacancy arising in that year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, thwarting the nomination process until Obama leaves office, nearly a year from now, would also be unprecedented. The Senate has never taken \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/13/us/how-long-does-it-take-to-confirm-a-supreme-court-nominee.html\" target=\"_blank\">more than 125 days\u003c/a> to vote on a nominee, and the average length of time from nomination to confirmation vote is 25 days.\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier4\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Why is this particular nomination such a big deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Although the judiciary is intended to be a non-partisan branch of government, the reality is otherwise. The Supreme Court is sharply divided along partisan lines. Of the eight remaining justices, four lean pretty consistently to the right (John Roberts, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas and, to a slightly less predictable extent, Anthony Kennedy), and the other four, pretty consistently to the left (Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan, Sonia Sotomayor and Stephen Breyer). Scalia was a reliable vote for conservative causes, one of the five justices who tipped the balance of the court to the right. Obama’s nominee could presumably shift the balance back to the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, we’re talking about a lifetime appointment here. That's some serious job security, and it means that whoever gets the Supreme Court gig will likely be there for quite some time - until he or she decides to retire or, well, dies. Say Obama nominates a 50-year-old to the court: if appointed, that justice may well remain for the next 30 or 40 years, impacting national affairs long after Obama is out of the limelight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/4CAtUs-PI4c \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier5\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Do presidents always pick nominees who share their politics?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Usually (wouldn’t you?). There are, however, some notable exceptions, including justices who have shifted positions during their time on the court, much to the chagrin of the presidents they were appointed by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Dwight Eisenhower, for instance, once referred to his appointment of Chief Justice Earl Warren as “the biggest damn fool mistake I ever made.\"\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier6\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So is this court's political divide all that unusual?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To some extent, yes. Although most judges aren't elected or considered \"politicians,\" you'd be hard pressed to find a judge whose legal decisions aren't influenced by his or her political beliefs. As such, there have always been partisan divides on the Supreme Court. But in recent years, this political polarization has intensified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2432111\">William and Mary Law School study\u003c/a> found that since 1990 there has been a “dramatic increase in the ideological gap between Democratic and Republican appointees.” As a result, it notes, “presidential elections will matter more to Court decision-making than they ever have in this nation’s history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-e1457657882278.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21270\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-21270\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/03/SCOTUS-e1457657882278.png\" alt=\"SCOTUS\" width=\"957\" height=\"638\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The divide extends to the justice’s law clerks, who play a crucial role in both selecting the cases the court chooses to hear and influencing the justices in their rulings. Justices have historically sought clerks who, to some extent, reflect a range of political views. As the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/07/us/politics/07clerks.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times\u003c/a> reported in 2010: “These days the more conservative justices are much more likely than were their predecessors to hire clerks who worked for judges appointed by Republicans. And the more liberal justices are more likely than in the past to hire from judges appointed by Democrats.”\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier7\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What are the big cases this term, and how do they get decided with only eight justices?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Last week, the court heard a major case on the legality of a restrictive Texas abortion law, a decision that's expected to be closely divided. If it comes down to a 4-4 split, the Texas law remains in effect. The court will also hear controversial cases on affirmative action, labor unions and the legality of Obama’s executive order that shields some undocumented immigrants from deportation. (See the complete list of cases\u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/terms/ot2015/\" target=\"_blank\"> here.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court will continues to hear its scheduled docket of cases. If there is a 4-to-4 vote on any decision, then the the lower court’s ruling stands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with only eight justices on hand, some of these cases likely won't be decided as originally anticipated. In late February, for instance, the Dow Chemical company, which had banked on Scalia's support, quickly decided to \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/2016/02/the-changing-Court-brings-an-end-to-a-major-case/\">settle a case\u003c/a> it was scheduled to argue before the court, fearing a likely 4-4 split (which would default to the lower court's decision against the company).\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier8\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who can be a Supreme Court justice?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Anyone! The Constitution doesn’t actually spell out any guidelines on age or education-level (although you wouldn’t know it looking at the resumes of the current justices, all of whom attended law school at either Harvard or Yale). Nominees don't need to have judicial experience. Heck, they don't even need law degrees. And unlike the presidency, there is no requirement to be a “natural-born” citizen. In fact, foreign-born justices have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/faq_justices.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">appointed six times\u003c/a> throughout the court’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even former president's can be on the court: President William Howard Taft was appointed Chief Justice in 1921, nearly a decade after his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So maybe a Justice Obama someday? I wouldn't hold your breath.\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier9\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How many cases does the court hear each year, and how does it decide which ones to take?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Again, much of the work is done by law clerks. Each term, they pour through upwards of 8,000 requests, called a petition for a writ of certiorari (or a \"cert. petition\"). These are brought by the petitioners, who have already exhausted all appeals in federal and state courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except in very rare occasions, the court only considers cases that have gone up the judicial system food chain. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, the final step on the legal ladder. It's decision is law, one that can't be appealed to any other court. (For a more throughout procedural overview, see the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/reference/educational-resources/supreme-court-procedure/\" target=\"_blank\">SCOTUS Blog\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clerks recommend which appeals their justices should consider or overlook, and the justices then vote. Four of nine justices have to agree to take a case and hear oral arguments. This is called “granting ceriorari.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a tiny percentage of those thousands of appeals actually see the light of day. The court now accepts about 80 cases a term, hearing oral arguments between October and April. In that respect, the court's less publicized decision to NOT a hear a case is often quite consequential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The petitioner and respondent usually appear in court for an hour-long session, during which they're pelted with questions from the nine justices (although Justice Clarence Thomas very rarely utters a word).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices then meet privately to vote on the decision. Unless the decision is unanimous, a justice from either side is selected to write the majority and dissenting opinions. Later in the term, the court announces -- or “hands down” -- its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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