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"content": "\u003cp>Recreational reading, they are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you want to cut through some of the election spin and get an idea of what each political party \"officially\" stands for, party platforms are a good place to start.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the Republican and Democratic parties draft new platforms during presidential election years, as do most third parties, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gp.org/platform\" target=\"_blank\">Green Party \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.lp.org/platform\">Libertarian Party\u003c/a>. The documents are long, dry roadmaps spelling out each party's positions on a wide range of domestic and foreign policy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every four years, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.democrats.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Democratic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.gop.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Republican\u003c/a> parties select platform committees -- a group of elite party members representing different states and a range of political interests -- who debate and vote on positions that become the basis of their party's platform. Both parties' platforms were unveiled in July, shortly before the national conventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1840, the newly formed Democratic Party generated the \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29572\">first national political platform\u003c/a>. It contained nine planks and fit onto a single page, a steep contrast to the lengthy documents that each party produced this year. Republicans got into the game in 1856.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/319906854/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-ocPUjPkNXoF39LvG4DUB&show_recommendations=true&show_upsell=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" height=\"450\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/319906855/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-juR7bmWc9NQnXYzSNvQS&show_recommendations=true&show_upsell=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7891513560804899\" height=\"450\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NEqTJYwTpU8\" width=\"350\" height=\"197\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVF5Ehyedqs\" width=\"350\" height=\"197\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>So how important are they?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>“On the one hand they are the most important documents that a political party produces, wrote Colby College political scientist L. Sandy Maisel in a 1993 essay in \u003ca href=\"http://www.psqonline.org/article.cfm?IDArticle=13225\" target=\"_blank\">Political Science Quarterly\u003c/a>. \"On the other hand, they are worthless pieces of paper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's address the latter point first:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Party platforms are nonbinding documents; candidates and elected officials are in no way required to adhere to the specific policy recommendations and guidelines spelled out in the platforms. And, as one might expect, they often don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in doing so, a politician can risk alienation from the party establishment and become more vulnerable to attacks from opponents (as was learned all too well by \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-kennedy-bush-idUSBREA4308G20140505\" target=\"_blank\">President George H.W. Bush\u003c/a>, who defied his party's platform and broke his own campaign promise when he famously supported a tax hike in 1990, a move that contributed to his failed re-election bid).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/7/12/12060358/political-science-of-platforms\" target=\"_blank\">reported by Vox\u003c/a>, Democratic and Republican lawmakers voted in line with their party's platforms more than 80 percent of the time (based on an analysis of platforms and votes from1980 and 2004).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The platforms represent each party's political identity and direction, the product of intense intra-party debate and soul searching. Every iteration is a bit different from the last, reflective of current presidential candidates and the evolving makeup of the political establishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Platforms also offer clues into a party's longer term direction, writes Marquette University political scientist Julia Azari, in a recent article in \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-platforms-are-a-window-into-the-future-of-the-parties/\" target=\"_blank\">FiveThirtyEight\u003c/a>. When a party platform changes policy positions or focuses new attention on a major issue, those shifts are likely to last for a long time, she notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2016 Democratic Platform, for instance, is noticeably more left-leaning on certain economic issues -- like raising the minimum wage to $15 and expanding social security -- than it was in 2012, a concession to the left-leaning former candidate Bernie Sanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Republican Platform has moved further to the right on certain social issues, like same-sex marriage and immigration. Interestingly, this year's Republican platform also shifts away from the party's long-time support for free-trade policies, instead adopting the protectionist positions advocated by Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Recreational reading, they are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you want to cut through some of the election spin and get an idea of what each political party \"officially\" stands for, party platforms are a good place to start.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the Republican and Democratic parties draft new platforms during presidential election years, as do most third parties, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gp.org/platform\" target=\"_blank\">Green Party \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.lp.org/platform\">Libertarian Party\u003c/a>. The documents are long, dry roadmaps spelling out each party's positions on a wide range of domestic and foreign policy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every four years, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.democrats.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Democratic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.gop.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Republican\u003c/a> parties select platform committees -- a group of elite party members representing different states and a range of political interests -- who debate and vote on positions that become the basis of their party's platform. Both parties' platforms were unveiled in July, shortly before the national conventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1840, the newly formed Democratic Party generated the \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29572\">first national political platform\u003c/a>. It contained nine planks and fit onto a single page, a steep contrast to the lengthy documents that each party produced this year. Republicans got into the game in 1856.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/319906854/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-ocPUjPkNXoF39LvG4DUB&show_recommendations=true&show_upsell=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" height=\"450\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/319906855/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-juR7bmWc9NQnXYzSNvQS&show_recommendations=true&show_upsell=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7891513560804899\" height=\"450\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NEqTJYwTpU8\" width=\"350\" height=\"197\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVF5Ehyedqs\" width=\"350\" height=\"197\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>So how important are they?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>“On the one hand they are the most important documents that a political party produces, wrote Colby College political scientist L. Sandy Maisel in a 1993 essay in \u003ca href=\"http://www.psqonline.org/article.cfm?IDArticle=13225\" target=\"_blank\">Political Science Quarterly\u003c/a>. \"On the other hand, they are worthless pieces of paper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's address the latter point first:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Party platforms are nonbinding documents; candidates and elected officials are in no way required to adhere to the specific policy recommendations and guidelines spelled out in the platforms. And, as one might expect, they often don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in doing so, a politician can risk alienation from the party establishment and become more vulnerable to attacks from opponents (as was learned all too well by \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-kennedy-bush-idUSBREA4308G20140505\" target=\"_blank\">President George H.W. Bush\u003c/a>, who defied his party's platform and broke his own campaign promise when he famously supported a tax hike in 1990, a move that contributed to his failed re-election bid).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/7/12/12060358/political-science-of-platforms\" target=\"_blank\">reported by Vox\u003c/a>, Democratic and Republican lawmakers voted in line with their party's platforms more than 80 percent of the time (based on an analysis of platforms and votes from1980 and 2004).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The platforms represent each party's political identity and direction, the product of intense intra-party debate and soul searching. Every iteration is a bit different from the last, reflective of current presidential candidates and the evolving makeup of the political establishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Platforms also offer clues into a party's longer term direction, writes Marquette University political scientist Julia Azari, in a recent article in \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-platforms-are-a-window-into-the-future-of-the-parties/\" target=\"_blank\">FiveThirtyEight\u003c/a>. When a party platform changes policy positions or focuses new attention on a major issue, those shifts are likely to last for a long time, she notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2016 Democratic Platform, for instance, is noticeably more left-leaning on certain economic issues -- like raising the minimum wage to $15 and expanding social security -- than it was in 2012, a concession to the left-leaning former candidate Bernie Sanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Republican Platform has moved further to the right on certain social issues, like same-sex marriage and immigration. Interestingly, this year's Republican platform also shifts away from the party's long-time support for free-trade policies, instead adopting the protectionist positions advocated by Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "EXPLAINER: What's the Deal with the TPP?",
"title": "EXPLAINER: What's the Deal with the TPP?",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/y1uZcXsf8fs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED July 29, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you watched any part of the Democratic National Convention this week, you probably noticed a small but visible group of attendees protesting something called the “TPP.” Some held signs and banners. Some even heckled during various speeches, including President Obama’s address Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of discontent is a massive trade deal called the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a plan spearheaded by the Obama Administration that would set new trade rules between the United States and other eleven Pacific Rim nations. It has yet to be approved by Congress, and both major party nominees say they oppose the deal. The issue nevertheless has become a flashpoint in this year’s presidential campaign, particularly among some ardent supporters of former candidate Bernie Sanders, who remain suspicious of Hillary Clinton’s intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why all the drama?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help make some sense of it, we’ve put together a quick guide to the TPP. If you have questions that aren’t answered here, feel free to leave us a comment – we’ll do our best to get back to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What is the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The TPP is a trade agreement between the United States and 11 other Pacific-Rim nations: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. The deal would reduce trade costs between these 12 countries, which are collectively responsible for about 40 percent of global GDP and roughly a third of global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-18638 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\" alt=\"Congressional Research Bureau\" width=\"641\" height=\"817\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB-400x510.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Congressional Research Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After five years of negotiations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-idUSKCN0VD08S\">the agreement\u003c/a> was agreed to and signed in February by representatives of all 12 member nations. But the deal can't go into effect until at least six of them individually ratify it -- and the U.S. and Japan must be included (because of the size of their economies)\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> In other words, if either Japanese or U.S. lawmakers fail to approve it, the TPP is dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japan, lawmakers are \u003ca href=\"http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/what-the-tpp-means-for-japan/\">divided\u003c/a> about the merits of the deal, and unlikely to vote on it before 2017. And in the United States, Congress probably won't take it up until after the election. President Obama has said he's confident about the deal's chances, but a decent number of Democratic lawmakers continue to oppose it -- so ratification is far from assured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably absent from the deal is China, Asia’s largest economy, which already has free trade agreements with many of the TPP countries. It could, though, potentially\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/29/business/international/once-concerned-china-is-quiet-about-trans-pacific-trade-deal.html?_r=0\"> sign on in the future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What’s covered in the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The deal is literally \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">thousands of pages long\u003c/a>, and leisure reading it ain’t. So unless you’re game to scrutinize the whole thing, here are some key details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tariffs - \u003c/strong>The TPP would reduce or eliminate tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) among signatory countries, making it easier and cheaper for those countries to trade with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Environmental and labor standards -\u003c/strong> The TPP also addresses a host of issues that are less obviously trade-related, from illegal fishing to climate change to labor rights. For instance, it includes efforts to reduce forced labor, illegally traded plants and animals, and overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Intellectual property rights\u003c/strong>. The United States has pushed for stricter international enforcement of intellectual property rights, like patents and trademarks. Right now, U.S. law provides for longer copyright terms (life + 70 years) than most of the other TPP countries. The TPP would require those other countries to lengthen their copyright terms to match the U.S. standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Investor-state dispute settlement. \u003c/strong>These measures would, under certain circumstances, allow a private company to take legal action against the government of another member state. Let’s say, for example, that the Canadian government bans a certain pesticide because of environmental concerns. A U.S, chemical company that manufactures that pesticide could potentially sue the Canadian government to recover financial losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read a more detailed rundown of provisions \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44278.pdf\">here\u003c/a>, or the full text \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/7gBfiQQAuwQ\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who supports the deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration has pushed hard for the deal, arguing that it will \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\">strengthen the U.S. economy\u003c/a> and help increase American exports to fast-growing Asian economies. If it takes effect, the TPP would be a powerful demonstration of the administration’s “pivot to Asia,” and a major foreign policy \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/15/world/asia/the-trans-pacific-trade-deal-and-a-presidents-legacy.html\">legacy\u003c/a> for the president. Interestingly, many Republican leaders in Congress who don’t usually agree with the president on much of anything also support the TPP. There’s actually more support in Congress from Republicans than from Democrats on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of \u003ca href=\"http://tppcoalition.org/about/\">business leaders\u003c/a> are also pushing for the deal, including many of America’s largest corporations: Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Walmart, Boeing, Coca Cola, Disney, Pfizer, Microsoft, Facebook, and many others. Entertainment and drug companies – like Disney and Pfizer – like the deal’s stringent intellectual property protections, while retailers and manufacturers – like Walmart and Boeing – want to be able to more easily sell their products in Asian markets. The deal could yield $78 billion in annual income gains for the U.S. – and global income gains of $295 billion annually, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb12-16.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a> by the Peterson Institute for International Economics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more controversial question, however, is how the deal would impact U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A majority of Americans have a generally \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/190427/american-public-opinion-foreign-trade.aspx\">positive\u003c/a> view of free trade, according to several recent surveys. But the same polls also show real concern about the impact free trade can have on U.S. jobs. Along those lines, anti-trade rhetoric on the campaign trail often resonates strongly with those struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who opposes it?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>This is one of the few issues that Donald Trump supporters and liberal Democrats actually seem to agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both oppose the deal, but with very different levels of fervor. Trump has called it \"\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/File:TrumpTPP,_2015-10-05_at_9.50.56_PM.png\">terrible deal\u003c/a>\" that would be a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/full-transcript-trump-job-plan-speech-224891\">death blow\u003c/a> for American manufacturing.\" For Clinton, the issue is more nuanced. After initially wavering, she announced last fall that the final version of the agreement \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/10/13/the-oct-13-democratic-debate-who-said-what-and-what-it-means/\">did not meet her standards\u003c/a>. However, as Secretary of State in the Obama Administration, she \u003ca href=\"http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2012/11/200565.htm\">supported\u003c/a> the initial workings of the deal. And that’s a big reason why some Bernie Sanders supporters don’t trust her on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of left-leaning Democratic leaders -- notably Sanders and Elizabeth Warren -- strongly oppose the TPP on economic grounds. One of the main points of contention is that the deal was negotiated secretly; few knew what was on the table until after it had been signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor and environmental groups are also generally skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.aflcio.org/Issues/Trade/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-Free-Trade-Agreement-TPP\">AFL-CIO\u003c/a> argues that the TPP focuses more on increasing corporate profits than on protecting American jobs and wages, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/TPP-2013-09.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Center for Economic and Policy Research makes the case that the TPP could actually increase income inequality. Unions are worried that the deal will make it easier for U.S. companies to move jobs out of the country to places where labor and production costs are much lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the \u003ca href=\"http://action.sierraclub.org/site/DocServer/TPP_Enviro_Analysis.pdf?docID=14842\">Sierra Club\u003c/a> and a number of other green groups say that the deal’s environmental regulations are too weak. And other activists have voiced concern that the deal’s stronger intellectual property laws could \u003ca href=\"http://www.msfaccess.org/spotlight-on/trans-pacific-partnership-agreement\">limit access to generic drugs\u003c/a> in developing countries and restrict \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/issues/tpp\">internet freedom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211684101&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How similar is the TPP to NAFTA?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement is a trade deal between the U.S., Mexico and Canada that took effect in 1994, under President Bill Clinton. The agreement got rid of most tariffs on goods traded between the three countries. It’s similar to the TPP, but much smaller in scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the TPP, NAFTA was highly contested when it passed, and Americans have \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/us/twenty-years-later-nafta-remains-a-source-of-tension.html\">continued\u003c/a> to disagree about its costs and benefits. Those who believe NAFTA has been good for the United States, argue that the TPP will expand \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/12/11/qa-explaining-the-trans-pacific-partnership-talks/\">those benefits\u003c/a>; those who think NAFTA’s impact has been detrimental, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenation.com/article/168627/nafta-steroids\">argue\u003c/a> it'll just make things that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, President Obama has tried to make the case that the TPP is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/04/23/chart-week-how-trans-pacific-partnership-improves-nafta\">different and better than NAFTA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tease out the exact impact that NAFTA's had on the U.S. economy. After it took effect, trade among the three countries did increase, and some U.S. manufacturing moved to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Congressional Research Service comes to a muted \u003ca href=\"http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42965.pdf\">conclusion\u003c/a>: in the end, NAFTA “did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics or the large economic gains predicted by supporters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18634\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 444px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/wto-protest3.jpg\" alt=\"WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999.\" width=\"444\" height=\"286\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999. \u003ccite>(Photo by Al Crespo, courtesy University of Washington)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the years since NAFTA was passed, trade deals have continued to stir up strong emotions. In 1999, some \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/WTO-riots-in-Seattle-15-years-ago-5915088.php\">40,000 protestors\u003c/a> set up camp around the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. The activists there included many of the groups that opposed NAFTA and that now oppose the TPP – unions, environmental groups, and consumer protection organizations. The event became known as the “Battle in Seattle,” after a series of serious clashes between protestors and police.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And finally ... why should I care about any of this?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Let’s be honest: there’s nothing too sexy about international trade deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like it or not, we live in a globalized world. And if you buy stuff on a regular basis, you're probably more affected by international trade agreements than you might realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of products we purchase -- from cars to clothing, computers to smartphones, even lots of foods -- are manufactured (or grown) through a vast global production process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade deals can make it easier or harder for companies to produce things -- impacting jobs, pay, working conditions, and the price tag of products once they hit the store … like that shiny new iPhone you’ve been eyeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike those painfully dull 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century trade deals you likely snoozed through in history class, modern-day trade agreements address all kinds of controversial political issues that hardly seem connected to trade at all, like climate change, collective bargaining rights, music piracy -- even rules about how your online data is stored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/y1uZcXsf8fs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/y1uZcXsf8fs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED July 29, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you watched any part of the Democratic National Convention this week, you probably noticed a small but visible group of attendees protesting something called the “TPP.” Some held signs and banners. Some even heckled during various speeches, including President Obama’s address Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of discontent is a massive trade deal called the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a plan spearheaded by the Obama Administration that would set new trade rules between the United States and other eleven Pacific Rim nations. It has yet to be approved by Congress, and both major party nominees say they oppose the deal. The issue nevertheless has become a flashpoint in this year’s presidential campaign, particularly among some ardent supporters of former candidate Bernie Sanders, who remain suspicious of Hillary Clinton’s intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why all the drama?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help make some sense of it, we’ve put together a quick guide to the TPP. If you have questions that aren’t answered here, feel free to leave us a comment – we’ll do our best to get back to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What is the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The TPP is a trade agreement between the United States and 11 other Pacific-Rim nations: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. The deal would reduce trade costs between these 12 countries, which are collectively responsible for about 40 percent of global GDP and roughly a third of global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-18638 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\" alt=\"Congressional Research Bureau\" width=\"641\" height=\"817\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB-400x510.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Congressional Research Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After five years of negotiations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-idUSKCN0VD08S\">the agreement\u003c/a> was agreed to and signed in February by representatives of all 12 member nations. But the deal can't go into effect until at least six of them individually ratify it -- and the U.S. and Japan must be included (because of the size of their economies)\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> In other words, if either Japanese or U.S. lawmakers fail to approve it, the TPP is dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japan, lawmakers are \u003ca href=\"http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/what-the-tpp-means-for-japan/\">divided\u003c/a> about the merits of the deal, and unlikely to vote on it before 2017. And in the United States, Congress probably won't take it up until after the election. President Obama has said he's confident about the deal's chances, but a decent number of Democratic lawmakers continue to oppose it -- so ratification is far from assured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably absent from the deal is China, Asia’s largest economy, which already has free trade agreements with many of the TPP countries. It could, though, potentially\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/29/business/international/once-concerned-china-is-quiet-about-trans-pacific-trade-deal.html?_r=0\"> sign on in the future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What’s covered in the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The deal is literally \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">thousands of pages long\u003c/a>, and leisure reading it ain’t. So unless you’re game to scrutinize the whole thing, here are some key details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tariffs - \u003c/strong>The TPP would reduce or eliminate tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) among signatory countries, making it easier and cheaper for those countries to trade with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Environmental and labor standards -\u003c/strong> The TPP also addresses a host of issues that are less obviously trade-related, from illegal fishing to climate change to labor rights. For instance, it includes efforts to reduce forced labor, illegally traded plants and animals, and overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Intellectual property rights\u003c/strong>. The United States has pushed for stricter international enforcement of intellectual property rights, like patents and trademarks. Right now, U.S. law provides for longer copyright terms (life + 70 years) than most of the other TPP countries. The TPP would require those other countries to lengthen their copyright terms to match the U.S. standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Investor-state dispute settlement. \u003c/strong>These measures would, under certain circumstances, allow a private company to take legal action against the government of another member state. Let’s say, for example, that the Canadian government bans a certain pesticide because of environmental concerns. A U.S, chemical company that manufactures that pesticide could potentially sue the Canadian government to recover financial losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read a more detailed rundown of provisions \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44278.pdf\">here\u003c/a>, or the full text \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7gBfiQQAuwQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7gBfiQQAuwQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Who supports the deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration has pushed hard for the deal, arguing that it will \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\">strengthen the U.S. economy\u003c/a> and help increase American exports to fast-growing Asian economies. If it takes effect, the TPP would be a powerful demonstration of the administration’s “pivot to Asia,” and a major foreign policy \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/15/world/asia/the-trans-pacific-trade-deal-and-a-presidents-legacy.html\">legacy\u003c/a> for the president. Interestingly, many Republican leaders in Congress who don’t usually agree with the president on much of anything also support the TPP. There’s actually more support in Congress from Republicans than from Democrats on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of \u003ca href=\"http://tppcoalition.org/about/\">business leaders\u003c/a> are also pushing for the deal, including many of America’s largest corporations: Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Walmart, Boeing, Coca Cola, Disney, Pfizer, Microsoft, Facebook, and many others. Entertainment and drug companies – like Disney and Pfizer – like the deal’s stringent intellectual property protections, while retailers and manufacturers – like Walmart and Boeing – want to be able to more easily sell their products in Asian markets. The deal could yield $78 billion in annual income gains for the U.S. – and global income gains of $295 billion annually, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb12-16.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a> by the Peterson Institute for International Economics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more controversial question, however, is how the deal would impact U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A majority of Americans have a generally \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/190427/american-public-opinion-foreign-trade.aspx\">positive\u003c/a> view of free trade, according to several recent surveys. But the same polls also show real concern about the impact free trade can have on U.S. jobs. Along those lines, anti-trade rhetoric on the campaign trail often resonates strongly with those struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who opposes it?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>This is one of the few issues that Donald Trump supporters and liberal Democrats actually seem to agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both oppose the deal, but with very different levels of fervor. Trump has called it \"\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/File:TrumpTPP,_2015-10-05_at_9.50.56_PM.png\">terrible deal\u003c/a>\" that would be a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/full-transcript-trump-job-plan-speech-224891\">death blow\u003c/a> for American manufacturing.\" For Clinton, the issue is more nuanced. After initially wavering, she announced last fall that the final version of the agreement \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/10/13/the-oct-13-democratic-debate-who-said-what-and-what-it-means/\">did not meet her standards\u003c/a>. However, as Secretary of State in the Obama Administration, she \u003ca href=\"http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2012/11/200565.htm\">supported\u003c/a> the initial workings of the deal. And that’s a big reason why some Bernie Sanders supporters don’t trust her on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of left-leaning Democratic leaders -- notably Sanders and Elizabeth Warren -- strongly oppose the TPP on economic grounds. One of the main points of contention is that the deal was negotiated secretly; few knew what was on the table until after it had been signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor and environmental groups are also generally skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.aflcio.org/Issues/Trade/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-Free-Trade-Agreement-TPP\">AFL-CIO\u003c/a> argues that the TPP focuses more on increasing corporate profits than on protecting American jobs and wages, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/TPP-2013-09.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Center for Economic and Policy Research makes the case that the TPP could actually increase income inequality. Unions are worried that the deal will make it easier for U.S. companies to move jobs out of the country to places where labor and production costs are much lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the \u003ca href=\"http://action.sierraclub.org/site/DocServer/TPP_Enviro_Analysis.pdf?docID=14842\">Sierra Club\u003c/a> and a number of other green groups say that the deal’s environmental regulations are too weak. And other activists have voiced concern that the deal’s stronger intellectual property laws could \u003ca href=\"http://www.msfaccess.org/spotlight-on/trans-pacific-partnership-agreement\">limit access to generic drugs\u003c/a> in developing countries and restrict \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/issues/tpp\">internet freedom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211684101&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How similar is the TPP to NAFTA?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement is a trade deal between the U.S., Mexico and Canada that took effect in 1994, under President Bill Clinton. The agreement got rid of most tariffs on goods traded between the three countries. It’s similar to the TPP, but much smaller in scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the TPP, NAFTA was highly contested when it passed, and Americans have \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/us/twenty-years-later-nafta-remains-a-source-of-tension.html\">continued\u003c/a> to disagree about its costs and benefits. Those who believe NAFTA has been good for the United States, argue that the TPP will expand \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/12/11/qa-explaining-the-trans-pacific-partnership-talks/\">those benefits\u003c/a>; those who think NAFTA’s impact has been detrimental, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenation.com/article/168627/nafta-steroids\">argue\u003c/a> it'll just make things that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, President Obama has tried to make the case that the TPP is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/04/23/chart-week-how-trans-pacific-partnership-improves-nafta\">different and better than NAFTA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tease out the exact impact that NAFTA's had on the U.S. economy. After it took effect, trade among the three countries did increase, and some U.S. manufacturing moved to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Congressional Research Service comes to a muted \u003ca href=\"http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42965.pdf\">conclusion\u003c/a>: in the end, NAFTA “did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics or the large economic gains predicted by supporters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18634\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 444px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/wto-protest3.jpg\" alt=\"WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999.\" width=\"444\" height=\"286\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999. \u003ccite>(Photo by Al Crespo, courtesy University of Washington)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the years since NAFTA was passed, trade deals have continued to stir up strong emotions. In 1999, some \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/WTO-riots-in-Seattle-15-years-ago-5915088.php\">40,000 protestors\u003c/a> set up camp around the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. The activists there included many of the groups that opposed NAFTA and that now oppose the TPP – unions, environmental groups, and consumer protection organizations. The event became known as the “Battle in Seattle,” after a series of serious clashes between protestors and police.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And finally ... why should I care about any of this?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Let’s be honest: there’s nothing too sexy about international trade deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like it or not, we live in a globalized world. And if you buy stuff on a regular basis, you're probably more affected by international trade agreements than you might realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of products we purchase -- from cars to clothing, computers to smartphones, even lots of foods -- are manufactured (or grown) through a vast global production process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade deals can make it easier or harder for companies to produce things -- impacting jobs, pay, working conditions, and the price tag of products once they hit the store … like that shiny new iPhone you’ve been eyeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike those painfully dull 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century trade deals you likely snoozed through in history class, modern-day trade agreements address all kinds of controversial political issues that hardly seem connected to trade at all, like climate change, collective bargaining rights, music piracy -- even rules about how your online data is stored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you ever wondered about the public art you see around town? Do you know how to find the meaning of outdoor sculptures and paintings? Join an adorable six-year-old host on a journey to discover monumental public artworks throughout San Francisco. Public art is all around us, but sometimes we don't even notice it! Get some insight about the famed Bow and Arrow by the bay by artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje Van Bruggen, and Ruth Asawa's bay-framing fountain sculpture across the street. Then grab your hiking boots and head for the woods to see Andy Goldsworthy's all-natural installations in The Presidio. Learn how to read these public artworks and many more, brought to you by the cutest curator in town. Do you have a favorite public artwork in your town? Snap a photo and share it with us on Twitter @KQEDArtSchool. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artwork credits in order of appearance:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Fleming\u003cbr>\nKeith Haring\u003cbr>\nClarion Alley Mural Project\u003cbr>\nJosué Rojas\u003cbr>\nArmand Vaillancourt\u003cbr>\nPrecita Eyes, Cory Calandra, Laura Campos, Brenda Miller and Patricia Rose\u003cbr>\nMark di Suvero\u003cbr>\nSirron Norris\u003cbr>\nGuarina Lopez\u003cbr>\nTony Bennett/Hearts in San Francisco\u003cbr>\nClaes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, Cupid’s Span\u003cbr>\nRuth Asawa, Aurora\u003cbr>\nLawrence Noble\u003cbr>\nLawrence Halprin\u003cbr>\nRuth Asawa, Aurora\u003cbr>\nAndy Goldsworthy/For-Site Foundation, Spire\u003cbr>\nKristin Farr\u003cbr>\nChris Johanson/SFMOMA\u003cbr>\nBrian Goggin and Dorka Keehn\u003cbr>\nHung Yi\u003cbr>\nGeorge Warren Rickey\u003cbr>\nUgo Rondinone\u003cbr>\nHenry Moore\u003cbr>\nAndy Goldsworthy/For-Site Foundation, Woodline\u003cbr>\nColette Crutcher\u003cbr>\nClarion Alley Mural Project\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Student Artwork/Powell Street BART Station\u003cbr>\nClarion Alley Mural Project\u003cbr>\nAndy Goldsworthy/For-Site Foundation, Woodline\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you ever wondered about the public art you see around town? Do you know how to find the meaning of outdoor sculptures and paintings? Join an adorable six-year-old host on a journey to discover monumental public artworks throughout San Francisco. Public art is all around us, but sometimes we don't even notice it! Get some insight about the famed Bow and Arrow by the bay by artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje Van Bruggen, and Ruth Asawa's bay-framing fountain sculpture across the street. Then grab your hiking boots and head for the woods to see Andy Goldsworthy's all-natural installations in The Presidio. Learn how to read these public artworks and many more, brought to you by the cutest curator in town. Do you have a favorite public artwork in your town? Snap a photo and share it with us on Twitter @KQEDArtSchool. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artwork credits in order of appearance:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Fleming\u003cbr>\nKeith Haring\u003cbr>\nClarion Alley Mural Project\u003cbr>\nJosué Rojas\u003cbr>\nArmand Vaillancourt\u003cbr>\nPrecita Eyes, Cory Calandra, Laura Campos, Brenda Miller and Patricia Rose\u003cbr>\nMark di Suvero\u003cbr>\nSirron Norris\u003cbr>\nGuarina Lopez\u003cbr>\nTony Bennett/Hearts in San Francisco\u003cbr>\nClaes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, Cupid’s Span\u003cbr>\nRuth Asawa, Aurora\u003cbr>\nLawrence Noble\u003cbr>\nLawrence Halprin\u003cbr>\nRuth Asawa, Aurora\u003cbr>\nAndy Goldsworthy/For-Site Foundation, Spire\u003cbr>\nKristin Farr\u003cbr>\nChris Johanson/SFMOMA\u003cbr>\nBrian Goggin and Dorka Keehn\u003cbr>\nHung Yi\u003cbr>\nGeorge Warren Rickey\u003cbr>\nUgo Rondinone\u003cbr>\nHenry Moore\u003cbr>\nAndy Goldsworthy/For-Site Foundation, Woodline\u003cbr>\nColette Crutcher\u003cbr>\nClarion Alley Mural Project\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Student Artwork/Powell Street BART Station\u003cbr>\nClarion Alley Mural Project\u003cbr>\nAndy Goldsworthy/For-Site Foundation, Woodline\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Interactive California Wildfire Map: Where Major Fires Are Burning Now",
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"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQo5ip1GFjQ?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent&w=640&h=390]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated: July 25, 12 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two major wildfires in central and southern California, which started Friday and spread quickly through the weekend, destroying homes and forcing evacuations in nearby communities as thousands of firefighters continue to battle both blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Monday at noon, the \u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4878/\" rel=\"noopener\">Sand \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/25/interactive-california-wildfire-map-where-the-fires-are-burning-right-now/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Interactive California Wildfire Map: Where Major Fires Are Burning Now\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQo5ip1GFjQ?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent&w=640&h=390]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated: July 25, 12 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two major wildfires in central and southern California, which started Friday and spread quickly through the weekend, destroying homes and forcing evacuations in nearby communities as thousands of firefighters continue to battle both blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Monday at noon, the \u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4878/\" rel=\"noopener\">Sand",
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"description": "\n\nUpdated: July 25, 12 p.m.\nTwo major wildfires in central and southern California, which started Friday and spread quickly through the weekend, destroying homes and forcing evacuations in nearby communities as thousands of firefighters continue to battle both blazes.\nAs of Monday at noon, the Sand",
"title": "Interactive California Wildfire Map: Where Major Fires Are Burning Now | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aQo5ip1GFjQ?version=3'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aQo5ip1GFjQ?version=3'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated: July 25, 12 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two major wildfires in central and southern California, which started Friday and spread quickly through the weekend, destroying homes and forcing evacuations in nearby communities as thousands of firefighters continue to battle both blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Monday at noon, the \u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4878/\" rel=\"noopener\">Sand \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago",
"title": "The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>-- Kerner Commission report, 1968\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown!\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Ideas for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Kerner_LessonPlan-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kerner Commission Lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Primary-Docs_Kerner-and-Ferguson-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Primary source docs (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what was dubbed the “long, hot summer,\" more than 100 poor, largely black communities were rocked by violent incidents in 1967. Some labelled them riots, others called them uprisings and rebellions. Erupting primarily in East Coast and Midwestern cities, including Milwaukee, Buffalo, Tampa and Cincinnati, the incidents resulted in more than 100 deaths, hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage and scores of burned-out neighborhoods, some of which never fully recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest was a reaction to a larger problem: deep-seated anger and hopelessness simmering in many disenfranchised, urban communities where rates of poverty, joblessness and crime were disproportionately high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly every instance of unrest was ignited by the same kind of spark: an individual local incident involving an unarmed black man (or men) beaten or killed by white police officers for a seemingly minor infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And two of the most devastating riots occurred back-to-back that July.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Newark and Detroit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In Newark, NJ two white police officers severely beat a black cab driver after stopping him for a minor traffic violation. As word of the incident spread, thousands of residents rioted in the streets, looting businesses and prompting the deployment of several thousand police officers and National Guardsmen. The violence raged for six days, leaving 26 people dead, scores more injured and tens of millions of dollars in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/2n0e3_vD-xE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just two weeks later in \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/a_quick_guide_to_the_1967_detr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detroit\u003c/a>, a police raid on an unlicensed bar in the largely black Virginia Park neighborhood sparked an even more devastating riot. Looters raided shops and set buildings on fire. Panic ensued amid rumors of snipers on rooftops. Roughly 17,000 law local and national law enforcement officials, including the National Guard and US Army paratroopers, were sent in to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of five bloody, chaotic days, 43 people were killed and more a thousand injured -- mostly black men at the hands of law enforcement. More than 7,000 arrests were made, and an estimated 2,500 stores were looted or burned, leaving large swaths of Detroit’s inner-city in ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked Detroit's \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/3880177/detroit-race-riots-1943-photos-from-a-city-in-turmoil-during-wwii/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second major riot\u003c/a> in just 24 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/33221356\" width=\"640\" height=\"368\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newark and Detroit were not isolated incidents. Two years before, a confrontation between a young black man and a police officer in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRDvY_anJdc\">days of rioting\u003c/a> that left 34 people dead. Violent unrest continued in 1966 in poor sections of cities like Chicago, Cleveland, New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_riot_by_Fleming\">San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As wealthier, largely white communities increasingly flocked to the suburbs, the remaining inner-city neighborhood were often thrust into deeper states of prolonged economic isolation, Over the following decades, jobs and home values in these areas continued to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/digest/sep04/w10243.html\">drop\u003c/a> sharply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/qxli_aCSKbg\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Kerner Commission\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In the immediate wake of the riots, President Johnson established a bipartisan task force: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf\">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders,\u003c/a> known as the Kerner Commission, named after its chair, Illinois Governor Otto Kerner. The group was tasked with addressing three major questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it happening again?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22824\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\" alt=\"Rioting in Detroit.\" width=\"500\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rioting in Detroit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Detroit Free Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In his televised address announcing the commission, Johnson began:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have endured a week such as no nation should live through: a time of violence and tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proclaimed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not even the sternest police action nor the most effective federal troops can every create lasting peace in our cities. The only genuine long-range solution for what has happened, lies in an attack, mounted at every level, upon the conditions that breed despair and breed violence. All of us, I think, know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty, disease, not enough jobs ... There is simply no other way to achieve a decent and orderly society in America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ZoU4cmRULKY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next six months, members of the commission visited inner-city neighborhoods throughout the country, interviewing residents, police officers, and local officials. They drew on the research of social scientists and analyzed media coverage of the recent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 11-member commission was not politically radical in any sense of the word: It included four members of Congress, the mayor of New York, Atlanta’s police chief, and union and industry representatives. Only two members were black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents_us/Kerner%20Report.htm\">final report\u003c/a> was blunt, and to many Americans, shocking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's direct reference to white racism as a root cause of the riots was particularly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We used the word racism. And on the commission, we had two or three people say, 'Should we use that word, racism?'\" former Senator Fred Harris (D-Okla.), who served on the commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/03282008/watch.html\">told Bill Moyers\u003c/a> in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22815\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/8073NCJRS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-22815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png\" alt=\"Courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to download part of the original text (Photo courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We felt that it was very important ... to say it. Because what we know is that oppressed people often come to believe about themselves the same bad stereotypes that the dominant society has. Our saying racism, I think, was very important to a lot of black people who said, 'Well, maybe it's not just me. Maybe I'm not, by myself, at fault here. Maybe there's something else going on.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report elaborated on the often explosive relationship between local police forces and the black communities they patrolled:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The police are not merely a “spark” factor. To some Negroes police have come to symbolize white power, white racism and white repression. And the fact is that many police do reflect and express these white attitudes. The atmosphere of hostility and cynicism is reinforced by a widespread belief among Negroes in the existence of police brutality and in a “double standard” of justice and protection—one for Negroes and one for whites.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, many observers believed that the unrest was the work of “\u003ca href=\"blank\">outside agitators\u003c/a>,” radical groups traveling from city to city, intent on sowing chaos and disorder. The commission, though, found no evidence of conspiracy or premeditated plans. Although it stopped short of labelling the riots a flat-out rebellion against racial oppression, it underscored that the conflicts were an indication of the deep frustration stemming from a host of social problems afflicting inner city communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping that list was police brutality, unemployment, and an inadequate supply of affordable housing. The commission stated, in no uncertain terms, that white America was directly implicated in creating these problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What white Americans have never fully understood—but what the Negro can never forget—is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of sweeping policy recommendations included :\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating two million new jobs and six million new affordable housing units\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Revamping the welfare system\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating de facto school segregation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating “abrasive” police practices and establishing redress mechanisms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving news coverage of the problems facing black Americans\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making local government more responsive to inner city communities\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The 426-page report, published in March 1968, sold \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report\">over two million copies\u003c/a> and earned a spot on the nonfiction \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT453&lpg=PT453&dq=new+york+times+bestseller+list+nonfiction+1968+kerner&source=bl&ots=iUXvd_Hwq1&sig=AdfVX8Yc9xYLAIaoWtD1ckwUjIM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIz4rKhI-9yAIVwbgeCh1DWQXU#v=onepage&q&f=false\">bestseller list\u003c/a> of the New York Times, which called it a “stinging indictment of white society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, it all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnson Administration countered that the commission \u003ca href=\"http://backstoryradio.org/2014/10/02/the-report-that-could-have-stopped-ferguson/\">hadn’t given the president enough credit\u003c/a> for past civil rights legislation, and Johnson later refused to support further research or even meet with the commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted that in order to improve conditions, “hard choices must be made, and, if necessary, new taxes enacted.” But there was little political will to do so, particularly as the nation planted itself deeper into the incredibly costly conflict in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And less than a month after its publication, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination sparked another string of violent riots in poor, urban communities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>From Kerner to Ferguson\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>After the Michael Brown shooting in 2014 and the unrest that followed, a new commission was formed to study a similar issue. Chaired by Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush, the group was tasked with identifying the underlying causes of the unrest. Its \u003ca href=\"http://forwardthroughferguson.org/report/executive-summary/\">final report\u003c/a>, while much smaller in scope, bears some resemblance to the Kerner findings. The series of recommendations, modest in comparison to the Kerner report, included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reducing the use of force by police officers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reforming sentencing laws\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving the health and education of children and young people\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increasing access to affordable housing and public transit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expanding Medicaid\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like the Kerner report, the Ferguson analysis identifies racial inequality as the primary problem. But the language and tone is strikingly different: far less piercing, accusatory and urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not pointing fingers and calling individual people racist,” the report states. “We are not even suggesting that institutions or existing systems intend to be racist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original members of the Kerner commission may have foreseen this. They concluded their report by quoting the testimony of psychologist Kenneth Clark\u003ci>. \u003c/i>Clark – whose famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test\">doll tests\u003c/a> were cited in \u003ci>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/i> – reminded his audience of the many previous commissions assembled to study incidents of racial unrest: Chicago in 1919, Harlem in 1935 and 1943, Los Angeles in 1965. Testifying before the Kerner Commission, he said, was a kind of Alice in Wonderland experience: he watched the same images flickering past, sat listening to the same analysis and the same recommendations – and it all culminated, finally, in the same inaction. The commissioners quoted his words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time now to end the destruction and the violence.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.",
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"description": "While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.",
"title": "The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago | KQED",
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"headline": "The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>-- Kerner Commission report, 1968\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown!\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Ideas for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Kerner_LessonPlan-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kerner Commission Lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Primary-Docs_Kerner-and-Ferguson-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Primary source docs (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what was dubbed the “long, hot summer,\" more than 100 poor, largely black communities were rocked by violent incidents in 1967. Some labelled them riots, others called them uprisings and rebellions. Erupting primarily in East Coast and Midwestern cities, including Milwaukee, Buffalo, Tampa and Cincinnati, the incidents resulted in more than 100 deaths, hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage and scores of burned-out neighborhoods, some of which never fully recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest was a reaction to a larger problem: deep-seated anger and hopelessness simmering in many disenfranchised, urban communities where rates of poverty, joblessness and crime were disproportionately high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly every instance of unrest was ignited by the same kind of spark: an individual local incident involving an unarmed black man (or men) beaten or killed by white police officers for a seemingly minor infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And two of the most devastating riots occurred back-to-back that July.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Newark and Detroit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In Newark, NJ two white police officers severely beat a black cab driver after stopping him for a minor traffic violation. As word of the incident spread, thousands of residents rioted in the streets, looting businesses and prompting the deployment of several thousand police officers and National Guardsmen. The violence raged for six days, leaving 26 people dead, scores more injured and tens of millions of dollars in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2n0e3_vD-xE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2n0e3_vD-xE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Just two weeks later in \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/a_quick_guide_to_the_1967_detr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detroit\u003c/a>, a police raid on an unlicensed bar in the largely black Virginia Park neighborhood sparked an even more devastating riot. Looters raided shops and set buildings on fire. Panic ensued amid rumors of snipers on rooftops. Roughly 17,000 law local and national law enforcement officials, including the National Guard and US Army paratroopers, were sent in to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of five bloody, chaotic days, 43 people were killed and more a thousand injured -- mostly black men at the hands of law enforcement. More than 7,000 arrests were made, and an estimated 2,500 stores were looted or burned, leaving large swaths of Detroit’s inner-city in ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked Detroit's \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/3880177/detroit-race-riots-1943-photos-from-a-city-in-turmoil-during-wwii/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second major riot\u003c/a> in just 24 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/33221356\" width=\"640\" height=\"368\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newark and Detroit were not isolated incidents. Two years before, a confrontation between a young black man and a police officer in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRDvY_anJdc\">days of rioting\u003c/a> that left 34 people dead. Violent unrest continued in 1966 in poor sections of cities like Chicago, Cleveland, New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_riot_by_Fleming\">San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As wealthier, largely white communities increasingly flocked to the suburbs, the remaining inner-city neighborhood were often thrust into deeper states of prolonged economic isolation, Over the following decades, jobs and home values in these areas continued to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/digest/sep04/w10243.html\">drop\u003c/a> sharply.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qxli_aCSKbg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qxli_aCSKbg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>The Kerner Commission\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In the immediate wake of the riots, President Johnson established a bipartisan task force: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf\">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders,\u003c/a> known as the Kerner Commission, named after its chair, Illinois Governor Otto Kerner. The group was tasked with addressing three major questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it happening again?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22824\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\" alt=\"Rioting in Detroit.\" width=\"500\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rioting in Detroit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Detroit Free Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In his televised address announcing the commission, Johnson began:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have endured a week such as no nation should live through: a time of violence and tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proclaimed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not even the sternest police action nor the most effective federal troops can every create lasting peace in our cities. The only genuine long-range solution for what has happened, lies in an attack, mounted at every level, upon the conditions that breed despair and breed violence. All of us, I think, know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty, disease, not enough jobs ... There is simply no other way to achieve a decent and orderly society in America.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZoU4cmRULKY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZoU4cmRULKY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the next six months, members of the commission visited inner-city neighborhoods throughout the country, interviewing residents, police officers, and local officials. They drew on the research of social scientists and analyzed media coverage of the recent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 11-member commission was not politically radical in any sense of the word: It included four members of Congress, the mayor of New York, Atlanta’s police chief, and union and industry representatives. Only two members were black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents_us/Kerner%20Report.htm\">final report\u003c/a> was blunt, and to many Americans, shocking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's direct reference to white racism as a root cause of the riots was particularly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We used the word racism. And on the commission, we had two or three people say, 'Should we use that word, racism?'\" former Senator Fred Harris (D-Okla.), who served on the commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/03282008/watch.html\">told Bill Moyers\u003c/a> in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22815\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/8073NCJRS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-22815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png\" alt=\"Courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to download part of the original text (Photo courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We felt that it was very important ... to say it. Because what we know is that oppressed people often come to believe about themselves the same bad stereotypes that the dominant society has. Our saying racism, I think, was very important to a lot of black people who said, 'Well, maybe it's not just me. Maybe I'm not, by myself, at fault here. Maybe there's something else going on.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report elaborated on the often explosive relationship between local police forces and the black communities they patrolled:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The police are not merely a “spark” factor. To some Negroes police have come to symbolize white power, white racism and white repression. And the fact is that many police do reflect and express these white attitudes. The atmosphere of hostility and cynicism is reinforced by a widespread belief among Negroes in the existence of police brutality and in a “double standard” of justice and protection—one for Negroes and one for whites.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, many observers believed that the unrest was the work of “\u003ca href=\"blank\">outside agitators\u003c/a>,” radical groups traveling from city to city, intent on sowing chaos and disorder. The commission, though, found no evidence of conspiracy or premeditated plans. Although it stopped short of labelling the riots a flat-out rebellion against racial oppression, it underscored that the conflicts were an indication of the deep frustration stemming from a host of social problems afflicting inner city communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping that list was police brutality, unemployment, and an inadequate supply of affordable housing. The commission stated, in no uncertain terms, that white America was directly implicated in creating these problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What white Americans have never fully understood—but what the Negro can never forget—is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of sweeping policy recommendations included :\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating two million new jobs and six million new affordable housing units\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Revamping the welfare system\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating de facto school segregation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating “abrasive” police practices and establishing redress mechanisms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving news coverage of the problems facing black Americans\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making local government more responsive to inner city communities\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The 426-page report, published in March 1968, sold \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report\">over two million copies\u003c/a> and earned a spot on the nonfiction \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT453&lpg=PT453&dq=new+york+times+bestseller+list+nonfiction+1968+kerner&source=bl&ots=iUXvd_Hwq1&sig=AdfVX8Yc9xYLAIaoWtD1ckwUjIM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIz4rKhI-9yAIVwbgeCh1DWQXU#v=onepage&q&f=false\">bestseller list\u003c/a> of the New York Times, which called it a “stinging indictment of white society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, it all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnson Administration countered that the commission \u003ca href=\"http://backstoryradio.org/2014/10/02/the-report-that-could-have-stopped-ferguson/\">hadn’t given the president enough credit\u003c/a> for past civil rights legislation, and Johnson later refused to support further research or even meet with the commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted that in order to improve conditions, “hard choices must be made, and, if necessary, new taxes enacted.” But there was little political will to do so, particularly as the nation planted itself deeper into the incredibly costly conflict in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And less than a month after its publication, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination sparked another string of violent riots in poor, urban communities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>From Kerner to Ferguson\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>After the Michael Brown shooting in 2014 and the unrest that followed, a new commission was formed to study a similar issue. 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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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