Find lesson plans for high school and middle school that encourage critical thinking and are relevant to current events in social studies, science, and arts.
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The issue follows The Alliance’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.thealliance.media/resources/50-state-dinner-party-project-toolkit/\">50 State Dinner Party Project\u003c/a>, which used gatherings over a simple dinner as a way to start conversations around civic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This journal contains the desired futures, unforgettable pasts, and unavoidable realities of artists, educators, practitioners, students, and media makers across the country. It is a diary of experiences and dreams,” wrote Myah Overstreet, who edited the special issue. Overstreet is a San Francisco State student and The Alliance’s Producer of Youth Engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These experiences and dreams can also inspire students, educators and classrooms. Below are some ideas for turning youth-created art, poetry and commentary from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">Special Issue\u003c/a> into conversations, model texts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Poem:\u003c/b> \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/the-future-is-a-choir/\">the future is a choir\u003c/a> by Ash Tré Phillips\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips, a 2015 and 2016 Youth Speaks Teen Poetry Slam finalist uses rhythm, repetition, metaphor and accessible language to write about the force of love that unites humanity. The poem is both a model text and conversation starter for middle and high school students alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Essay: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/a-space-of-our-own/\">A Space of Our Own by Kadijah Means\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Means, a Black Lives Matter activist and UC Santa Cruz student, writes about the importance of a “unique and exclusive place for self-expression” for black women. With explicit connections to Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own” and a conversation between two celebrities at a film festival, Means discusses the rarity of such safe spaces and their vital importance. Older high school and college students will find much to discuss and respond to in this thoughtful, multifaceted text that explores historic and current questions of intersectionality and identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Photo essay: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/19/dum-spiro-spero/\">Dum Spiro Spero by Ashley Sanchez \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez, 20, has studied photography since 10th grade. Her powerful photos explore her relationships with her mother and siblings, along with overcoming the struggles of coming out. The powerful, often stark black-and-white images tell a story and provide a model for middle and high school students to explore their own family relationships and identities with images. (For more on communicating with digital photography, check out \u003ca href=\"https://teach.kqed.org/course/communicating-with-photography\">this course on KQED Teach\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Short films: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/mock-identity/\">Mock Identity\u003c/a> by Megan Aubry, \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/the-window/\">The Window\u003c/a> by George Relyea, \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/co2/\">CO2\u003c/a> by Logon Rosson and Madelyn Anne Willardson, and\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/dancing-with-thorns/\"> Dancing with Thorns\u003c/a> by Mary Nejatifar and Peque Curiel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four distinct short films by Salt Lake City high school and college filmmakers from the Spy Hop digital media program examine identity, wellness and the connection to the past, present and future. The films, suitable for mature middle school and high school students, start conversations surrounding these topics and can be used to analyze film-making techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Lesson plan: \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/lesson-plan-creative-lens-autoethnography-sessions-clas-part-i/\">Creative Lens Autoethnography Sessions by Andrea Juarez\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez is a San Francisco artist, philanthropist, student and educator whose work centers on participatory action research. This lesson plan for youth ages 16-24 introduces students to the basic concept of autoethnography and creative research methods using PhotoVoice and Digital Ethnography. An introduction to grounding meditation and self-reflective practices is also a key part of this lesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore all of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/\">the Special Issue\u003c/a>, which also includes a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthmediareporter.org/2017/04/20/lesson-plan-are-teens-age-16-and-older-ready-to-vote/\">lesson plan on lowering the youth voting age \u003c/a>from KQED and articles from educators that explore tools, ideas and theories all centered on the importance of youth media creation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/1g9j_ZkuJig\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/North-Korea-in-Context-lesson-plan1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: History of North Korea (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In late July, the North Korean government is reported to \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-idUSKBN1AD1ZB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">have tested\u003c/a> an intercontinental ballistic missile that experts say could be capable of reaching Los Angeles and other West Coast cities. It's the second long range missile launched in the last month, elevating the threat level and prompting the U.S. and South Korea to stage a joint missile exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most repressive, isolated and impoverished nations on earth, North Korea has nonetheless managed to successfully develop a huge army with an arsenal of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles that pose a direct threat to the U.S. and its Asian allies. And under the notoriously erratic direction of its young leader, Kim Jong-un, the nation has repeatedly threatened to strike U.S. allies in the region, including South Korea and Japan, where thousands of American troops are stationed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to rising tensions, Vice President Mike Pence in April visited South Korean and warned North Korea that the \"era of strategic patience is over.\" And later that month, top Trump administration officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/white-house-briefs-senators-on-very-grave-threat-from-north-korea/2017/04/26/12a5c21a-2a9e-11e7-be51-b3fc6ff7faee_story.html?utm_term=.67c9a1b64aff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">held a rare meeting\u003c/a> at the White House to brief the entire U.S. Senate on what one senior aide called \"a very grave threat\" posed by North Korea. The administration, though, offered few details on how it planned to address the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive-idUSKBN17U04E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview with Reuters\u003c/a>, Trump said: \"There is a chance that we could end up having a major, major conflict with North Korea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, however that he'd prefer to peacefully resolve the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bordering South Korea, one of Asia's most robust economies, North Korea has been walled for decades, a nation of roughly 25 million that's existed under the brutal totalitarian rule of the Kim family for three generations. Although reports of massive prison camps, food shortages, grinding poverty and shocking human rights violations elicit horror from outside observers, North Korea has also become a source of international intrigue as one of the world's last hermit kingdoms, a secretive society that few outsiders have ever set foot in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did it get like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/v70-fi6PPU0\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1910-1945:\u003c/strong> Japanese colonization\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Japan colonizes Korea (north and south), beginning a 35-year period of often brutal military rule that include efforts to wipe out Korea’s language and cultural identity. The Japanese also introduce modern industrial development, especially in the north where coal and hydroelectric power resources are plentiful, prompting a mass exodus from the countryside to cities. Japanese rule ends in 1945, when U.S. and Russian forces capture the peninsula at the conclusion of World War II. By then, Korea is the second-most industrialized nation in Asia (after Japan). During this period, Kim Il-sung, the future leader of North Korea, emerges as a prominent guerrilla fighter in the colonial resistance movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1945-1948:\u003c/strong> The 38th parallel\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27737\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 281px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-27737 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808.jpg 456w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-160x164.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-240x246.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-375x385.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Split at the 38th parallel \u003ccite>(ourtimebd.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the end of World War II, Japan surrenders to the Allies and relinquishes its control of Korea. The Soviet Union and United States agree to temporarily split postwar control of the peninsula until an independent and unified Korean government can be established. The Soviets occupy everything north of the 38th parallel. But as tensions grow between the two nations, efforts to forge a unified Korean government fall apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1948: \u003c/strong>North and South Korea form distinct states\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>By August 1948, the pro-U.S. Republic of Korea (South Korea) is established in Seoul, led by Syngman Rhee, a staunch anti-communist. Just three weeks later, the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) emerges in Pyongyang, with communist guerrilla leader Kim Il-sung assuming power. Both leaders assert jurisdiction over the entire Korean peninsula and its people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1950-1953:\u003c/strong> The Korean War\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On June 25, 1950, North Korean military forces, supported by the Soviet Union and China, invade the South in an effort to unify Korea under the leadership of Kim Il-sung. The U.S. comes to the aid of the South. Three years of intense fighting result in vast physical destruction and as many as 3 million casualties, including roughly 35,000 Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950-160x116.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950-240x174.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950-375x271.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950-520x376.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of thousands of Koreans flee to the south during the war after the North Korean army crosses the 38th Parallel. \u003ccite>(U.S. Defense Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1953, both sides sign an armistice with a cease-fire line -- the demilitarized zone (DMZ) – into approximately equal-sized territories. The now-heavily fortified border is in roughly the same position -- on the 38\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> parallel -- almost exactly where it was before the war started. The armistice is intended as a temporary measure, but a formal peace treaty ending the war is never actually signed (which means the war never technically ended).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1953–1970s:\u003c/strong> Building a Stalinist state\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Under Kim Il-sung’s leadership, North Korea becomes a self-defined workers' state. It implements Juche, an ideology of self-reliance promoting Korean autonomy. The country institutes a command economy, a system in which the government, rather than the free market, determines production. The state seizes control of all private property and organizations, officially taking ownership of everything, including people’s homes, businesses, and even the clothes on their back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27741\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-27741\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North Koreans bowing in front of the statues of Kim Il-sung (left) and Kim Jong-il at the Mansudae Grand Monument in Pyongyang. \u003ccite>(J.A. de Roo/Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Land and agriculture are collectivized under state control. The regime rebuilds Pyongyang as a socialist capital, erecting numerous monuments to Kim Il-sung as part of a sweeping effort to build a cult of personality. It also takes over control of the media, restricts international travel and squashes any form of opposition, forcing dissenters into harsh prison camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With major backing from the Soviet Union during the postwar reconstruction period, North Korea invests in mineral extraction and other heavy industries, rapidly developing its civilian and military economy at a rate that initially appears to outpace its rival to the south. For a time, urbanization continues to increase, as does school enrollment and infrastructure development. North Korea is billed a “workers’ paradise” by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also during this period that the Soviet Union helps North Korea build nuclear reactors for energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But huge inequalities begin to surface, as the regime implements the songbun system that divides the population is divided into different social classes according to perceived loyalty. The new order dictates where people can live, what jobs they can have and where children can attend school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Late 1970s–1990s: Isolation\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s, though, as the South Korean economy begins to boom, North Korea stagnates; it continues to focus heavily on mining and steel production and fails to sufficiently innovate and diversify its industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-27742 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-1020x1101.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-1020x1101.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-160x173.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-800x864.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-768x829.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-1180x1274.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-960x1036.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-240x259.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-375x405.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-520x561.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg 1345w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Satellite image of the Korean Peninsula at night, showing North Korea in almost complete darkness. The one small bright spot is Pyongyang, the capital. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The economy is also dramatically impacted by the economic decline of the Soviet Union and Eastern bloc, its primary source of aid and trade. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 leaves North Korea politically, economically and militarily isolated, with China as its only major remaining ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 1994, amid this steep decline, Kim Il-sung dies of a sudden heart attack and is succeeded by his son, Kim Jong-il. The following year, widespread flooding destroys crops and infrastructure, prompting a three-year famine when the state-run economy fails to produce enough food. Hundreds of thousands of people die of starvation, while scores of survivors, particularly children, suffer severe malnutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the state rationing system crumbles, a major \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-change-insight-idUSKCN0SN00320151029http:/www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-change-insight-idUSKCN0SN00320151029\">black market economy\u003c/a> emerges, with millions of North Koreans making or smuggling whatever they can sell or barter to survive. This underground economy takes root, and eventually forces the government to take marginal steps toward economic liberalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>1994 – 2016: The nuclear era\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Increasingly isolated, and with the loss of protection from the Soviet Union, Kim Jong-il’s government announces a new policy called “Songun,\" or \"Military First.” It makes the Korean People’s Army the state’s most powerful political and economic force in the nation, and the largest recipient of resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this new system, North Korea uses its nuclear reactors to begin developing a nuclear weapons program. By 2003, it withdraws from the 1995 Nuclear Proliferation Treaty. Three years later, North Korea claims to have successfully tested its first nuclear weapon, prompting the U.N. Security Council to impose a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/10/14/nkorea.sanctions/\">broad array\u003c/a> of trade and travel sanctions. Despite U.S. and international efforts to halt its nuclear ambitions, North Korea continues to develop its arsenal and conducts subsequent tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the death of Kim Jong-il in 2011, his son Kim Jong-un, still in his mid-20s, takes over as North Korea’s third supreme leader. Portraying himself as a modern version of his grandfather, Jong-il purges, demotes and, in several instances, executes regime officials to further secure his power base. The new regime cracks down on border crossings and further limits access to foreign media and internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27743\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-27743\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un watches a military drill in this handout photo by North Korea’s Korean Central News Agency. \u003ccite>(KNCN via Reuters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite initial hopes from outside observers that Jong-un will take steps to mend his nation’s frayed relations with the West, he continues to consolidate power threaten other nations – most notably South Korea and the U.S. – and accelerates the development and testing of nuclear weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://asiasociety.org/education/korean-history-and-political-geography\">http://asiasociety.org/education/korean-history-and-political-geography\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.libertyinnorthkorea.org/learn-north-korea-history/\">http://www.libertyinnorthkorea.org/learn-north-korea-history/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1g9j_ZkuJig'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1g9j_ZkuJig'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/North-Korea-in-Context-lesson-plan1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: History of North Korea (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In late July, the North Korean government is reported to \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-idUSKBN1AD1ZB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">have tested\u003c/a> an intercontinental ballistic missile that experts say could be capable of reaching Los Angeles and other West Coast cities. It's the second long range missile launched in the last month, elevating the threat level and prompting the U.S. and South Korea to stage a joint missile exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most repressive, isolated and impoverished nations on earth, North Korea has nonetheless managed to successfully develop a huge army with an arsenal of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles that pose a direct threat to the U.S. and its Asian allies. And under the notoriously erratic direction of its young leader, Kim Jong-un, the nation has repeatedly threatened to strike U.S. allies in the region, including South Korea and Japan, where thousands of American troops are stationed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to rising tensions, Vice President Mike Pence in April visited South Korean and warned North Korea that the \"era of strategic patience is over.\" And later that month, top Trump administration officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/white-house-briefs-senators-on-very-grave-threat-from-north-korea/2017/04/26/12a5c21a-2a9e-11e7-be51-b3fc6ff7faee_story.html?utm_term=.67c9a1b64aff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">held a rare meeting\u003c/a> at the White House to brief the entire U.S. Senate on what one senior aide called \"a very grave threat\" posed by North Korea. The administration, though, offered few details on how it planned to address the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive-idUSKBN17U04E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview with Reuters\u003c/a>, Trump said: \"There is a chance that we could end up having a major, major conflict with North Korea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, however that he'd prefer to peacefully resolve the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bordering South Korea, one of Asia's most robust economies, North Korea has been walled for decades, a nation of roughly 25 million that's existed under the brutal totalitarian rule of the Kim family for three generations. Although reports of massive prison camps, food shortages, grinding poverty and shocking human rights violations elicit horror from outside observers, North Korea has also become a source of international intrigue as one of the world's last hermit kingdoms, a secretive society that few outsiders have ever set foot in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did it get like this?\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/v70-fi6PPU0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/v70-fi6PPU0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1910-1945:\u003c/strong> Japanese colonization\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Japan colonizes Korea (north and south), beginning a 35-year period of often brutal military rule that include efforts to wipe out Korea’s language and cultural identity. The Japanese also introduce modern industrial development, especially in the north where coal and hydroelectric power resources are plentiful, prompting a mass exodus from the countryside to cities. Japanese rule ends in 1945, when U.S. and Russian forces capture the peninsula at the conclusion of World War II. By then, Korea is the second-most industrialized nation in Asia (after Japan). During this period, Kim Il-sung, the future leader of North Korea, emerges as a prominent guerrilla fighter in the colonial resistance movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1945-1948:\u003c/strong> The 38th parallel\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27737\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 281px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-27737 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808.jpg 456w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-160x164.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-240x246.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-375x385.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/38th-our-time-e1501282787808-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Split at the 38th parallel \u003ccite>(ourtimebd.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the end of World War II, Japan surrenders to the Allies and relinquishes its control of Korea. The Soviet Union and United States agree to temporarily split postwar control of the peninsula until an independent and unified Korean government can be established. The Soviets occupy everything north of the 38th parallel. But as tensions grow between the two nations, efforts to forge a unified Korean government fall apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1948: \u003c/strong>North and South Korea form distinct states\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>By August 1948, the pro-U.S. Republic of Korea (South Korea) is established in Seoul, led by Syngman Rhee, a staunch anti-communist. Just three weeks later, the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) emerges in Pyongyang, with communist guerrilla leader Kim Il-sung assuming power. Both leaders assert jurisdiction over the entire Korean peninsula and its people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1950-1953:\u003c/strong> The Korean War\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On June 25, 1950, North Korean military forces, supported by the Soviet Union and China, invade the South in an effort to unify Korea under the leadership of Kim Il-sung. The U.S. comes to the aid of the South. Three years of intense fighting result in vast physical destruction and as many as 3 million casualties, including roughly 35,000 Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950-160x116.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950-240x174.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950-375x271.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/South_Korean_refugees_mid-1950-520x376.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of thousands of Koreans flee to the south during the war after the North Korean army crosses the 38th Parallel. \u003ccite>(U.S. Defense Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1953, both sides sign an armistice with a cease-fire line -- the demilitarized zone (DMZ) – into approximately equal-sized territories. The now-heavily fortified border is in roughly the same position -- on the 38\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> parallel -- almost exactly where it was before the war started. The armistice is intended as a temporary measure, but a formal peace treaty ending the war is never actually signed (which means the war never technically ended).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>1953–1970s:\u003c/strong> Building a Stalinist state\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Under Kim Il-sung’s leadership, North Korea becomes a self-defined workers' state. It implements Juche, an ideology of self-reliance promoting Korean autonomy. The country institutes a command economy, a system in which the government, rather than the free market, determines production. The state seizes control of all private property and organizations, officially taking ownership of everything, including people’s homes, businesses, and even the clothes on their back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27741\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-27741\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/1024px-The_statues_of_Kim_Il_Sung_and_Kim_Jong_Il_on_Mansu_Hill_in_Pyongyang_april_2012.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North Koreans bowing in front of the statues of Kim Il-sung (left) and Kim Jong-il at the Mansudae Grand Monument in Pyongyang. \u003ccite>(J.A. de Roo/Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Land and agriculture are collectivized under state control. The regime rebuilds Pyongyang as a socialist capital, erecting numerous monuments to Kim Il-sung as part of a sweeping effort to build a cult of personality. It also takes over control of the media, restricts international travel and squashes any form of opposition, forcing dissenters into harsh prison camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With major backing from the Soviet Union during the postwar reconstruction period, North Korea invests in mineral extraction and other heavy industries, rapidly developing its civilian and military economy at a rate that initially appears to outpace its rival to the south. For a time, urbanization continues to increase, as does school enrollment and infrastructure development. North Korea is billed a “workers’ paradise” by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also during this period that the Soviet Union helps North Korea build nuclear reactors for energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But huge inequalities begin to surface, as the regime implements the songbun system that divides the population is divided into different social classes according to perceived loyalty. The new order dictates where people can live, what jobs they can have and where children can attend school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Late 1970s–1990s: Isolation\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s, though, as the South Korean economy begins to boom, North Korea stagnates; it continues to focus heavily on mining and steel production and fails to sufficiently innovate and diversify its industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-27742 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-1020x1101.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-1020x1101.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-160x173.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-800x864.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-768x829.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-1180x1274.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-960x1036.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-240x259.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-375x405.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space-520x561.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Korean_Peninsula_at_night_from_space.jpg 1345w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Satellite image of the Korean Peninsula at night, showing North Korea in almost complete darkness. The one small bright spot is Pyongyang, the capital. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The economy is also dramatically impacted by the economic decline of the Soviet Union and Eastern bloc, its primary source of aid and trade. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 leaves North Korea politically, economically and militarily isolated, with China as its only major remaining ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 1994, amid this steep decline, Kim Il-sung dies of a sudden heart attack and is succeeded by his son, Kim Jong-il. The following year, widespread flooding destroys crops and infrastructure, prompting a three-year famine when the state-run economy fails to produce enough food. Hundreds of thousands of people die of starvation, while scores of survivors, particularly children, suffer severe malnutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the state rationing system crumbles, a major \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-change-insight-idUSKCN0SN00320151029http:/www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-change-insight-idUSKCN0SN00320151029\">black market economy\u003c/a> emerges, with millions of North Koreans making or smuggling whatever they can sell or barter to survive. This underground economy takes root, and eventually forces the government to take marginal steps toward economic liberalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>1994 – 2016: The nuclear era\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Increasingly isolated, and with the loss of protection from the Soviet Union, Kim Jong-il’s government announces a new policy called “Songun,\" or \"Military First.” It makes the Korean People’s Army the state’s most powerful political and economic force in the nation, and the largest recipient of resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this new system, North Korea uses its nuclear reactors to begin developing a nuclear weapons program. By 2003, it withdraws from the 1995 Nuclear Proliferation Treaty. Three years later, North Korea claims to have successfully tested its first nuclear weapon, prompting the U.N. Security Council to impose a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/10/14/nkorea.sanctions/\">broad array\u003c/a> of trade and travel sanctions. Despite U.S. and international efforts to halt its nuclear ambitions, North Korea continues to develop its arsenal and conducts subsequent tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the death of Kim Jong-il in 2011, his son Kim Jong-un, still in his mid-20s, takes over as North Korea’s third supreme leader. Portraying himself as a modern version of his grandfather, Jong-il purges, demotes and, in several instances, executes regime officials to further secure his power base. The new regime cracks down on border crossings and further limits access to foreign media and internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27743\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-27743\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/jong-il.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un watches a military drill in this handout photo by North Korea’s Korean Central News Agency. \u003ccite>(KNCN via Reuters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite initial hopes from outside observers that Jong-un will take steps to mend his nation’s frayed relations with the West, he continues to consolidate power threaten other nations – most notably South Korea and the U.S. – and accelerates the development and testing of nuclear weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://asiasociety.org/education/korean-history-and-political-geography\">http://asiasociety.org/education/korean-history-and-political-geography\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.libertyinnorthkorea.org/learn-north-korea-history/\">http://www.libertyinnorthkorea.org/learn-north-korea-history/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Brief History of Earth Day (with lesson plan)",
"headTitle": "A Brief History of Earth Day (with lesson plan) | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside>\n\u003cdiv>Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/A-Brief-History-of-Earth-Day-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Earth Day History (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>To start, a quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor group helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Who made the following statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca title=\"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/18/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\r\n\u003cdiv>\r\n\u003caside>\u003cdiv>\u003cspan>\u003cspan>Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\r\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\r\n\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/A-Brief-History-of-Earth-Day-lesson-plan.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Earth Day History (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\r\n\u003c/ul>\u003c/aside>\u003c/div>\r\n\u003cp>To start, a quick quiz:\u003c/p>\r\n\u003cp>1. Which labor group helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\r\n\u003cp>2. Who made the following statement:\u003c/p>\r\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside>\n\u003cdiv>Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/A-Brief-History-of-Earth-Day-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Earth Day History (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>To start, a quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor group helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Who made the following statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fighting Words: How Presidents -- from FDR to Trump -- Make the Case for Military Intervention (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "Fighting Words: How Presidents -- from FDR to Trump -- Make the Case for Military Intervention (with Lesson Plan)",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/JFpanWNgfQY\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-la<p data-wpview-marker=;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Syria-and-the-language-of-going-to-war-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Presidents and Military Action (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Words-of-Warcraft-graphic-organizer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Graphic Organizer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (4/18/17): Earth Day\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>President Trump announced on Thursday (April 6) that the United States had conducted a missile strike on an airfield in Syria in response to a deadly chemical attack carried out earlier in the week by Syrian government forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tonight, I ordered a targeted military strike on the air base in Syria from where the chemical attack was launched,” Trump said in a televised address from his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida. “It is in this vital national security interest of the United States to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2014, the U.S. has led an air campaign against ISIS targets in Syria, where civil war has raged since 2011. But, despite Trump's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/us/politics/donald-trump-syria-twitter.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">once-adamant opposition\u003c/a> to steering clear of Syria, this is the first U.S. military attack directed against the government of President Bashar al-Assad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's short address was a sobering reminder of the immense power the commander-in-chief has to single-handedly order military action, even without congressional authorization. It is the latest in a long history of solemn presidential declarations of war and authorizations of lesser military action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States' increasingly large and powerful military has been very busy since World War II, consistently involved in conflicts around the world. In little over half a century, American forces have fought in five all-out wars (Korea, Vietnam, the first war in Iraq, Afghanistan and the second war in Iraq) and been involved in many additional smaller military invasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the abundant collection of scrupulously crafted calls to arms delivered by generations of presidents, many share these five stylistic and rhetorical elements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A strong justification of action, emphasizing a deep sense of urgency\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clear-cut dichotomies between forces of good and evil\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An emphasis on American benevolence and exceptionalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A clearly articulated statement about the weightiness of the decision, one made only as a last resort\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An assurance that America's military involvement is grounded in humanitarian intent and will ultimately lead to a lasting peace\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Presidents are also often careful in these addresses to proactively repudiate notions of American imperialism, self-interest and aggression, and to make clear that, far than policing the world, the United States is exercising its military might as a force for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts from nine memorable addresses made by a succession of presidents who have ordered U.S. military action. (This is by no means an exclusive list -- there have been many more military actions and addresses not included below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>December 1941: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declares war on Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A date which will live in infamy ... As Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures by taken for our defense. But always will our full nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>December 1950: President Harry S. Truman declares war on Korea\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"All the things we believe in are in great danger ... The future of civilization depends on what we do. On what we do now. And in the months ahead.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/R3Hx2RMZsfs\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>October 1962: President John F. Kennedy announcing a military blockade of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards, as all paths are; but it is the one most consistent with our character and courage as a nation and our commitments around the world. The cost of freedom is always high, but Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender or submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is not the victory of might, but the vindication of right; not peace at the expense of freedom, but both peace and freedom, here in this hemisphere, and, we hope, around the world. God willing, that goal will be achieved.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/rmA9CZqAWO4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>August 1964: President Lyndon Johnson announcing U.S. military involvement in Vietnam following the Gulf of Tonkin incident\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We still seek no wider war ... I shall immediately request Congress to pass a resolution making it clear that our government is united in its determination to take all necessary measures in support of freedom and in defense of peace in Southeast Asia. It is a solemn responsibility to have to order even limited military action by forces whose overall strength is as vast and as awesome as those of the United States of America. But it is my considered conviction shared throughout your government that firmness in the right is indispensable today for peace. That firmness will always be measured. Its mission is peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>October 1983: President Ronald Reagan announcing the beginning of Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We have taken this decisive action for three reasons. First, and of overriding importance, to protect innocent lives, including up to 1,000 Americans, whose personal safety is of course my paramount concern. Second, to forestall further chaos. And third, to assist in the restoration of conditions of law and order and of governmental institutions ... Let there be no misunderstanding, this collective action has been forced on us by events that have no precedent in the Eastern Caribbean and no place in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4466398\" width=\"650\" height=\"415\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>January 1991: President George H. W. Bush announces the launch of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yesterday after conferring with my senior national security advisers, and following extensive consultations with our coalition partners, Saddam Hussein was given one last chance, set forth in very explicit terms, to do what he should have done more than six months ago ... Once again, this was a decision made only after extensive consultations within our coalition partnership.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>March 1999: President Bill Clinton announces U.S. military intervention in Kosovo\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"By acting now, we are upholding our values, protecting our interests and advancing the cause of peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>March 2003: George W. Bush announces the beginning of another war with Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"To all the men and women in the United States Armed Forces now in the Middle East, the peace of a troubled world and the hopes of an oppressed people now depend on you. That trust is well placed ... The people you liberate will witness the honorable and decent spirit of the American military.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>September 2013: President Barack Obama makes a case for military action against the Syrian government\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"My fellow Americans, for nearly seven decades, the United States has been the anchor of global security. This has meant doing more than forging international agreements. It has meant enforcing them. The burdens of leadership are often heavy. But the world's a better place because we have borne them.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>April 2017: President Donald Trump announces a missile strike on Syria.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It is in this vital national security interest of the United States to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons. There can be no dispute that Syria used banned chemical weapons, violated its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention and ignored the urging of the U.N. Security Council ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonight I call on all civilized nations to join us in seeking to end the slaughter and bloodshed in Syria and also to end terrorism of all kinds and all types. We ask for God's wisdom as we face the challenge of our very troubled world. We pray for the lives of the wounded and for the souls of those who have passed and we hope that as long as America stands for justice, that peace and harmony will in the end prevail.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/4sVp3yFNEYQ\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States' increasingly large and powerful military has been very busy since World War II, consistently involved in conflicts around the world. In little over half a century, American forces have fought in five all-out wars (Korea, Vietnam, the first war in Iraq, Afghanistan and the second war in Iraq) and been involved in many additional smaller military invasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the abundant collection of scrupulously crafted calls to arms delivered by generations of presidents, many share these five stylistic and rhetorical elements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A strong justification of action, emphasizing a deep sense of urgency\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clear-cut dichotomies between forces of good and evil\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An emphasis on American benevolence and exceptionalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A clearly articulated statement about the weightiness of the decision, one made only as a last resort\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An assurance that America's military involvement is grounded in humanitarian intent and will ultimately lead to a lasting peace\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Presidents are also often careful in these addresses to proactively repudiate notions of American imperialism, self-interest and aggression, and to make clear that, far than policing the world, the United States is exercising its military might as a force for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts from nine memorable addresses made by a succession of presidents who have ordered U.S. military action. (This is by no means an exclusive list -- there have been many more military actions and addresses not included below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>December 1941: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declares war on Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A date which will live in infamy ... As Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures by taken for our defense. But always will our full nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>December 1950: President Harry S. Truman declares war on Korea\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"All the things we believe in are in great danger ... The future of civilization depends on what we do. On what we do now. And in the months ahead.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/R3Hx2RMZsfs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/R3Hx2RMZsfs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>October 1962: President John F. Kennedy announcing a military blockade of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards, as all paths are; but it is the one most consistent with our character and courage as a nation and our commitments around the world. The cost of freedom is always high, but Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender or submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is not the victory of might, but the vindication of right; not peace at the expense of freedom, but both peace and freedom, here in this hemisphere, and, we hope, around the world. God willing, that goal will be achieved.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rmA9CZqAWO4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rmA9CZqAWO4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>August 1964: President Lyndon Johnson announcing U.S. military involvement in Vietnam following the Gulf of Tonkin incident\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We still seek no wider war ... I shall immediately request Congress to pass a resolution making it clear that our government is united in its determination to take all necessary measures in support of freedom and in defense of peace in Southeast Asia. It is a solemn responsibility to have to order even limited military action by forces whose overall strength is as vast and as awesome as those of the United States of America. But it is my considered conviction shared throughout your government that firmness in the right is indispensable today for peace. That firmness will always be measured. Its mission is peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>October 1983: President Ronald Reagan announcing the beginning of Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We have taken this decisive action for three reasons. First, and of overriding importance, to protect innocent lives, including up to 1,000 Americans, whose personal safety is of course my paramount concern. Second, to forestall further chaos. And third, to assist in the restoration of conditions of law and order and of governmental institutions ... Let there be no misunderstanding, this collective action has been forced on us by events that have no precedent in the Eastern Caribbean and no place in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4466398\" width=\"650\" height=\"415\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>January 1991: President George H. W. Bush announces the launch of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yesterday after conferring with my senior national security advisers, and following extensive consultations with our coalition partners, Saddam Hussein was given one last chance, set forth in very explicit terms, to do what he should have done more than six months ago ... Once again, this was a decision made only after extensive consultations within our coalition partnership.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>March 1999: President Bill Clinton announces U.S. military intervention in Kosovo\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"By acting now, we are upholding our values, protecting our interests and advancing the cause of peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>March 2003: George W. Bush announces the beginning of another war with Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"To all the men and women in the United States Armed Forces now in the Middle East, the peace of a troubled world and the hopes of an oppressed people now depend on you. That trust is well placed ... The people you liberate will witness the honorable and decent spirit of the American military.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>September 2013: President Barack Obama makes a case for military action against the Syrian government\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"My fellow Americans, for nearly seven decades, the United States has been the anchor of global security. This has meant doing more than forging international agreements. It has meant enforcing them. The burdens of leadership are often heavy. But the world's a better place because we have borne them.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>April 2017: President Donald Trump announces a missile strike on Syria.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It is in this vital national security interest of the United States to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons. There can be no dispute that Syria used banned chemical weapons, violated its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention and ignored the urging of the U.N. Security Council ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonight I call on all civilized nations to join us in seeking to end the slaughter and bloodshed in Syria and also to end terrorism of all kinds and all types. We ask for God's wisdom as we face the challenge of our very troubled world. We pray for the lives of the wounded and for the souls of those who have passed and we hope that as long as America stands for justice, that peace and harmony will in the end prevail.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Many Americans Live in Poverty, and What Does That Actually Mean? (with Lesson Plan)",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-la<p data-wpview-marker=;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty-in-America-lesson-plan-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Poverty in the U.S. (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (4/11/17): War rhetoric\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>More than 43 million Americans -- roughly 13.5 percent of the entire population -- were living in poverty in 2015, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty.html\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau\u003c/a>. That's actually a noticeable decline from recent years, when the rate hovered at around 15 percent, but it still amounts to a shockingly large number of people in the richest nation on earth who live in dire circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comic journalist \u003ca href=\"http://andysaurus.com\" target=\"_blank\">Andy Warner \u003c/a>explains how \"poverty\" is officially defined and what factors have caused those rates to change so widely over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"3902\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30700\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1-160x1007.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1-240x1510.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1-375x2360.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1-520x3273.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAnd to learn more about how the federal government determines poverty rates, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/poverty_line/\" target=\"_blank\">see part two\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-la<p data-wpview-marker=;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty-in-America-lesson-plan-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Poverty in the U.S. (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (4/11/17): War rhetoric\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>More than 43 million Americans -- roughly 13.5 percent of the entire population -- were living in poverty in 2015, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty.html\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Census Bureau\u003c/a>. That's actually a noticeable decline from recent years, when the rate hovered at around 15 percent, but it still amounts to a shockingly large number of people in the richest nation on earth who live in dire circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comic journalist \u003ca href=\"http://andysaurus.com\" target=\"_blank\">Andy Warner \u003c/a>explains how \"poverty\" is officially defined and what factors have caused those rates to change so widely over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1.png\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"3902\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30700\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1-160x1007.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1-240x1510.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1-375x2360.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Poverty_Trend_2017Revision-1-1-520x3273.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAnd to learn more about how the federal government determines poverty rates, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/poverty_line/\" target=\"_blank\">see part two\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/rE1pC5HVUjQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Legal-Rights-of-Immigrants-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Immigrant rights (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (4/4/17): Poverty\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Glenn Beck, the controversial conservative political commentator, once infamously \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBLQqoT7MbA\" target=\"_blank\">declared\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let me get something straight here for those illegal aliens that might be watching the program. You have human rights. You do not have legal rights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck's pronouncement represents a pretty commonly held assertion: If you're in this country illegally, you don't have constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's completely false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the exception of voting, traveling between states and running for president or Congress, the U.S. Constitution actually guarantees most of the same fundamental civil rights and liberties to everyone within the United States, citizens and non-citizens alike, including the estimated 11 million people living here unlawfully. That's at least how the Supreme Court has interpreted the Constitution for more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocates have long tried to make this clear to undocumented residents, many of whom are unaware that they have any legal protections at all. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/27/know-your-rights-immigrants-prepare-for-increased-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\">This education effort\u003c/a> ramped up noticeably after the election of President Trump, whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/us/politics/dhs-immigration-trump.html?_r=0\">tough-on-immigration stance \u003c/a>has heightened fears among communities wary of being targeted for deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys and immigration rights advocates from organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union have been busy hosting \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/02/know-your-rights-events-tackle-fears-among-californias-undocumented/\">Know Your Rights\u003c/a>” workshops around the country, an effort give immigrants advice on what to do if confronted by immigration enforcement officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295711401\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Equal Protection\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The legal rights of undocumented immigrants are largely grounded in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/equal_protection\" target=\"_blank\">Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment\u003c/a>, which explicitly guarantees equal protection of the law, not only to any U.S. \"citizen,\" but also any \"person\" living within \"its jurisdiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far back as 1896, the Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/163/228/case.html\" target=\"_blank\">reinforced\u003c/a> this concept. “The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution is not confined to the protection of citizens,\" it ruled in \u003cem>Wong Wing v. United States\u003c/em>. \"These provisions are universal in their application to all persons within the territorial jurisdiction, without regard to any differences of race, of color, or nationality; and the equal protection of the laws is a pledge of the protection of equal laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, anyone living in the U.S. -- legally or not -- has constitutional rights, including the right to equal protection of the law and that of due process (fair treatment in the judicial system).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This principle was furthered by the High Court's \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/413/266/\" target=\"_blank\">1973 decision in \u003cem>Almeida-Sanchez v. United States\u003c/em>,\u003c/a> which stated that non-citizens, regardless of legal status, are protected by the Constitution's criminal charge-related amendments, including search and seizure, self-incrimination, freedom of expression and trial by jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/fourth_amendment\" target=\"_blank\">Fourth Amendment,\u003c/a> which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, undocumented immigrants can deny law enforcement officers entry into their homes unless they have a valid search warrant or have been given explicit consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the landmark 1982 \u003ca href=\"http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/457/202.html%22%20target=%22_blank\">\u003cem>Plyler v. Doe\u003c/em> decision\u003c/a>, the court further expanded this umbrella of equal protection, striking down a Texas statute that denied free public education to undocumented residents. The court ruled that Texas' law violated the Equal Protection Clause. All children, it concluded, regardless of immigration status, are therefore entitled to a free public education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/02/2017-02-24a-tcrmag.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/RS24364_Angelica-2-qut-800x533.jpg\" Title=\"'Know Your Rights': California Immigrants Prepare for Increased Enforcement\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just some of the rights that the Constitution and federal law grant to everyone in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law, for instance, requires publicly funded hospitals to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cms.hhs.gov/EMTALA/\" target=\"_blank\">provide emergency medical services to all patients, \u003c/a>regardless of immigration status. It also protects against workplace discrimination and unfair labor practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there's a pretty big difference between understanding your rights and feeling the confidence to actually exercise them, especially when an ICE agent is banging on the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's why I say there are three really important things for folks to do in immigrant communities, and only the first one is knowing your rights,\" says Thomas Saenz, president and general counsel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.maldef.org\" target=\"_blank\">Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based civil rights organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The second is that folks need to know to never waive their rights. Never sign waivers.\" If you give consent or voluntarily waive your rights, Saenz cautions, you essentially lose those legal protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the third is that people really need to get the message and understand that if they exercise their rights, they will not be alone -- they will find support and resources,\" Saenz adds. \"People really need to be emboldened, especially when a screaming uniformed agent is asking your to sign a piece of paper.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rE1pC5HVUjQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rE1pC5HVUjQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Legal-Rights-of-Immigrants-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Immigrant rights (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (4/4/17): Poverty\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Glenn Beck, the controversial conservative political commentator, once infamously \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBLQqoT7MbA\" target=\"_blank\">declared\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let me get something straight here for those illegal aliens that might be watching the program. You have human rights. You do not have legal rights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beck's pronouncement represents a pretty commonly held assertion: If you're in this country illegally, you don't have constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's completely false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the exception of voting, traveling between states and running for president or Congress, the U.S. Constitution actually guarantees most of the same fundamental civil rights and liberties to everyone within the United States, citizens and non-citizens alike, including the estimated 11 million people living here unlawfully. That's at least how the Supreme Court has interpreted the Constitution for more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocates have long tried to make this clear to undocumented residents, many of whom are unaware that they have any legal protections at all. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/27/know-your-rights-immigrants-prepare-for-increased-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\">This education effort\u003c/a> ramped up noticeably after the election of President Trump, whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/us/politics/dhs-immigration-trump.html?_r=0\">tough-on-immigration stance \u003c/a>has heightened fears among communities wary of being targeted for deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys and immigration rights advocates from organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union have been busy hosting \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/02/know-your-rights-events-tackle-fears-among-californias-undocumented/\">Know Your Rights\u003c/a>” workshops around the country, an effort give immigrants advice on what to do if confronted by immigration enforcement officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295711401&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295711401'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Equal Protection\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The legal rights of undocumented immigrants are largely grounded in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/equal_protection\" target=\"_blank\">Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment\u003c/a>, which explicitly guarantees equal protection of the law, not only to any U.S. \"citizen,\" but also any \"person\" living within \"its jurisdiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far back as 1896, the Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/163/228/case.html\" target=\"_blank\">reinforced\u003c/a> this concept. “The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution is not confined to the protection of citizens,\" it ruled in \u003cem>Wong Wing v. United States\u003c/em>. \"These provisions are universal in their application to all persons within the territorial jurisdiction, without regard to any differences of race, of color, or nationality; and the equal protection of the laws is a pledge of the protection of equal laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, anyone living in the U.S. -- legally or not -- has constitutional rights, including the right to equal protection of the law and that of due process (fair treatment in the judicial system).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This principle was furthered by the High Court's \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/413/266/\" target=\"_blank\">1973 decision in \u003cem>Almeida-Sanchez v. United States\u003c/em>,\u003c/a> which stated that non-citizens, regardless of legal status, are protected by the Constitution's criminal charge-related amendments, including search and seizure, self-incrimination, freedom of expression and trial by jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/fourth_amendment\" target=\"_blank\">Fourth Amendment,\u003c/a> which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, undocumented immigrants can deny law enforcement officers entry into their homes unless they have a valid search warrant or have been given explicit consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the landmark 1982 \u003ca href=\"http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/457/202.html%22%20target=%22_blank\">\u003cem>Plyler v. Doe\u003c/em> decision\u003c/a>, the court further expanded this umbrella of equal protection, striking down a Texas statute that denied free public education to undocumented residents. The court ruled that Texas' law violated the Equal Protection Clause. All children, it concluded, regardless of immigration status, are therefore entitled to a free public education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just some of the rights that the Constitution and federal law grant to everyone in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law, for instance, requires publicly funded hospitals to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cms.hhs.gov/EMTALA/\" target=\"_blank\">provide emergency medical services to all patients, \u003c/a>regardless of immigration status. It also protects against workplace discrimination and unfair labor practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there's a pretty big difference between understanding your rights and feeling the confidence to actually exercise them, especially when an ICE agent is banging on the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's why I say there are three really important things for folks to do in immigrant communities, and only the first one is knowing your rights,\" says Thomas Saenz, president and general counsel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.maldef.org\" target=\"_blank\">Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based civil rights organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The second is that folks need to know to never waive their rights. Never sign waivers.\" If you give consent or voluntarily waive your rights, Saenz cautions, you essentially lose those legal protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the third is that people really need to get the message and understand that if they exercise their rights, they will not be alone -- they will find support and resources,\" Saenz adds. \"People really need to be emboldened, especially when a screaming uniformed agent is asking your to sign a piece of paper.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What You Need to Know about Gentrification (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "What You Need to Know about Gentrification (with Lesson Plan)",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/5nyDbHi1YQE\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Gentrification-lesson-plan1.pdf\">Lesson Plan: Gentrification (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (3/28/17): Immigrant rights\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Cold-pressed juice bar where the laundromat used to be? Check. Dog grooming service where a corner store once stood? Check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK, so maybe those aren't definitive indications of gentrification. But they are some pretty telltale signs that your neighborhood is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentrification -- derived from the word gentry, or people of high social class -- describes the economic and cultural transition that often occurs when wealthier people begin to move into predominantly poor inner-city neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term ‘gentrification’ was coined in 1964 by British sociologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/urbanlab/news/ruth-glass-seminar\" target=\"_blank\">Ruth Glass\u003c/a>, in reference to changes she observed in certain areas of inner London. \"One by one, many of the working class quarters have been invaded by the middle class,\" Glass said. \"Once this process of 'gentrification' starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the working class occupiers are displaced and the whole social social character of the district is changed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This shift typically pumps economic investment into the neighborhood, spurring new development and services that cater to higher-earning residents, while prompting rapid increases in rents and property values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this boost in resources can result in improved safety and services, it also invariably alters the character and culture of an established community. In many instances, long-term residents in the neighborhood are priced out and forced to move to more affordable communities farther afield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentrification can also heighten racial tensions in many neighborhoods, as the arrival of wealthier, mostly white newcomers can indirectly result in the eventual displacement of lower-income communities of color that have lived there for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me it’s primarily a racial justice story,\" said Rebecca Carroll, a WNYC producer and reporter for a podcast about gentrification in Brooklyn called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/neighborhood\" target=\"_blank\">There Goes the Neighborhood\u003c/a>.\" \"It’s a cycle of migration for black and brown people,\" she said in an interview with WNYC's \u003cem>The Takeaway\u003c/em>. \"Always moving according to when white people -- who are largely the people with money -- decide that they want to reclaim a neighborhood or a space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the hot-button topic of gentrification, a process that has swept through neighborhoods in cities across the country in recent decades, as interest in urban living has grown. It's a loaded term, generally used negatively to connote displacement and \"yuppification.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as with all demographic shifts, gentrification is complicated, and produces a host of changes -- some negative, some positive -- depending on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many impacts of gentrification actually appear quite desirable. The process can result in reduced crime and blight in neighborhoods that have long been under-resourced and overlooked. And it often yields new investment in buildings and infrastructure and a boost in local economic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, equity issues arise when the positive changes disproportionately benefit the newest arrivals and remain largely inaccessible to established community members, who find themselves socially and economically marginalized in their own neighborhoods. It can be particularly detrimental to lower-income renters, who are most vulnerable to rent hikes and are often the first to be forced out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/what-is-gentrification/\" target=\"_blank\">excellent description\u003c/a> of gentrification, part of POV's 2003 documentary project \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/\" target=\"_blank\">Flag Wars\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/\" target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>urban designer Benjamin Grant notes that the gentrification process in many neighborhoods is generally slow to catch on, but then reaches a tipping point and snowballs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Few people are willing to move into an unfamiliar neighborhood across class and racial lines,\" he writes. But \"once a few familiar faces are present, more people are willing to make the move. Word travels that an attractive neighborhood has been 'discovered' and the pace of change accelerates rapidly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there's no technical definition of gentrification, Grant notes, the process is generally characterized by specific changes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Demographics: An increase in median income, a decline in the proportion of racial minorities, and a reduction in household size, as low-income families are replaced by young singles and couples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Real Estate Markets: Large increases in rents and home prices, increases in the number of evictions, conversion of rental units to ownership (condos) and new development of luxury housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land Use: A decline in industrial uses, an increase in office or multimedia uses, the development of live-work “lofts” and high-end housing, retail, and restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culture and Character: New ideas about what is desirable and attractive, including standards (either informal or legal) for architecture, landscaping, public behavior, noise, and nuisance.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Grant goes on to note that a gentrified neighborhood often becomes a “victim of its own success.\" The rapid increase in desirability that spurs a spike in rents and property values can erode the qualities that attracted newcomers in the first place. As affordability decreases and lower-income residents are displaced -- often people of color and artists -- the neighborhood becomes noticeably less racially and culturally diverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/sep/19/city-resist-gentrification-displacement\" target=\"_blank\">Some cities\u003c/a> have made strides than others to slow the pace of gentrification, namely by safeguarding the supply of affordable housing and enforcing rent control laws. But it's proven a tricky balance to maintain, and anti-gentrification activists commonly accuse city governments of falling short in these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should come as little surprise then, that the San Francisco Bay Area -- one of the most expensive regions in the country with a rapidly growing population and a major dearth of affordable housing -- has long been a gentrification hotbed. Particularly during economic booms, like the current tech boom, the cost of living skyrockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As once lower-income neighborhoods in San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose and other major Bay Area cities become increasingly desirable and expensive, populations have shifted, in some cases dramatically. The resulting exodus of long-established, low-income communities of color to the region's cheaper peripheries has literally changed the face of many communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An oft-cited example is San Francisco's Mission District. Long known as an artistic enclave and hub of Latino culture and community, the neighborhood has undergone an accelerated level of gentrification during this latest economic boom. Rents and home prices have skyrocketed. New condominium developments dot the landscape. And scores of older businesses and galleries have been replaced by high-end restaurants and shops. Without an adequate affordable housing supply, low-income residents, many of them Latino, have been increasingly pushed out of a neighborhood they've lived in for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's African-American population has been more impacted by gentrification than perhaps any other group. Consider these figures:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1970, African-Americans made up 13.4 percent of San Francisco's population, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">census data\u003c/a>. By 2010, that population had shrunk to just 6.1 percent. Meanwhile, African-Americans in 1970 made up just .1 percent of the total population in the small city of Antioch, on the far northeastern edge of the Bay Area. By 2010, Antioch was 17.3 percent African-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the map below, which shows changes in the region's black population, by census tract, since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new KQED podcast \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1197721799\" target=\"_blank\">American Suburb\u003c/a> explores this outward migration. It tells the story of modern Antioch, where entire communities of African-Americans, many from Oakland and San Francisco, have relocated in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/qedup/\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to the \"American Suburb\" Series\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1197721799\" target=\"_blank\">Subscribe to the Podcast\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/309045884&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.socialexplorer.com/463000e967/embed\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/5nyDbHi1YQE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/5nyDbHi1YQE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Gentrification-lesson-plan1.pdf\">Lesson Plan: Gentrification (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (3/28/17): Immigrant rights\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Cold-pressed juice bar where the laundromat used to be? Check. Dog grooming service where a corner store once stood? Check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK, so maybe those aren't definitive indications of gentrification. But they are some pretty telltale signs that your neighborhood is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentrification -- derived from the word gentry, or people of high social class -- describes the economic and cultural transition that often occurs when wealthier people begin to move into predominantly poor inner-city neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term ‘gentrification’ was coined in 1964 by British sociologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/urbanlab/news/ruth-glass-seminar\" target=\"_blank\">Ruth Glass\u003c/a>, in reference to changes she observed in certain areas of inner London. \"One by one, many of the working class quarters have been invaded by the middle class,\" Glass said. \"Once this process of 'gentrification' starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the working class occupiers are displaced and the whole social social character of the district is changed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This shift typically pumps economic investment into the neighborhood, spurring new development and services that cater to higher-earning residents, while prompting rapid increases in rents and property values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this boost in resources can result in improved safety and services, it also invariably alters the character and culture of an established community. In many instances, long-term residents in the neighborhood are priced out and forced to move to more affordable communities farther afield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentrification can also heighten racial tensions in many neighborhoods, as the arrival of wealthier, mostly white newcomers can indirectly result in the eventual displacement of lower-income communities of color that have lived there for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me it’s primarily a racial justice story,\" said Rebecca Carroll, a WNYC producer and reporter for a podcast about gentrification in Brooklyn called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/neighborhood\" target=\"_blank\">There Goes the Neighborhood\u003c/a>.\" \"It’s a cycle of migration for black and brown people,\" she said in an interview with WNYC's \u003cem>The Takeaway\u003c/em>. \"Always moving according to when white people -- who are largely the people with money -- decide that they want to reclaim a neighborhood or a space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the hot-button topic of gentrification, a process that has swept through neighborhoods in cities across the country in recent decades, as interest in urban living has grown. It's a loaded term, generally used negatively to connote displacement and \"yuppification.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as with all demographic shifts, gentrification is complicated, and produces a host of changes -- some negative, some positive -- depending on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many impacts of gentrification actually appear quite desirable. The process can result in reduced crime and blight in neighborhoods that have long been under-resourced and overlooked. And it often yields new investment in buildings and infrastructure and a boost in local economic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, equity issues arise when the positive changes disproportionately benefit the newest arrivals and remain largely inaccessible to established community members, who find themselves socially and economically marginalized in their own neighborhoods. It can be particularly detrimental to lower-income renters, who are most vulnerable to rent hikes and are often the first to be forced out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/what-is-gentrification/\" target=\"_blank\">excellent description\u003c/a> of gentrification, part of POV's 2003 documentary project \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/\" target=\"_blank\">Flag Wars\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/pov/flagwars/\" target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>urban designer Benjamin Grant notes that the gentrification process in many neighborhoods is generally slow to catch on, but then reaches a tipping point and snowballs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Few people are willing to move into an unfamiliar neighborhood across class and racial lines,\" he writes. But \"once a few familiar faces are present, more people are willing to make the move. Word travels that an attractive neighborhood has been 'discovered' and the pace of change accelerates rapidly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there's no technical definition of gentrification, Grant notes, the process is generally characterized by specific changes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Demographics: An increase in median income, a decline in the proportion of racial minorities, and a reduction in household size, as low-income families are replaced by young singles and couples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Real Estate Markets: Large increases in rents and home prices, increases in the number of evictions, conversion of rental units to ownership (condos) and new development of luxury housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land Use: A decline in industrial uses, an increase in office or multimedia uses, the development of live-work “lofts” and high-end housing, retail, and restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culture and Character: New ideas about what is desirable and attractive, including standards (either informal or legal) for architecture, landscaping, public behavior, noise, and nuisance.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Grant goes on to note that a gentrified neighborhood often becomes a “victim of its own success.\" The rapid increase in desirability that spurs a spike in rents and property values can erode the qualities that attracted newcomers in the first place. As affordability decreases and lower-income residents are displaced -- often people of color and artists -- the neighborhood becomes noticeably less racially and culturally diverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/sep/19/city-resist-gentrification-displacement\" target=\"_blank\">Some cities\u003c/a> have made strides than others to slow the pace of gentrification, namely by safeguarding the supply of affordable housing and enforcing rent control laws. But it's proven a tricky balance to maintain, and anti-gentrification activists commonly accuse city governments of falling short in these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should come as little surprise then, that the San Francisco Bay Area -- one of the most expensive regions in the country with a rapidly growing population and a major dearth of affordable housing -- has long been a gentrification hotbed. Particularly during economic booms, like the current tech boom, the cost of living skyrockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As once lower-income neighborhoods in San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose and other major Bay Area cities become increasingly desirable and expensive, populations have shifted, in some cases dramatically. The resulting exodus of long-established, low-income communities of color to the region's cheaper peripheries has literally changed the face of many communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An oft-cited example is San Francisco's Mission District. Long known as an artistic enclave and hub of Latino culture and community, the neighborhood has undergone an accelerated level of gentrification during this latest economic boom. Rents and home prices have skyrocketed. New condominium developments dot the landscape. And scores of older businesses and galleries have been replaced by high-end restaurants and shops. Without an adequate affordable housing supply, low-income residents, many of them Latino, have been increasingly pushed out of a neighborhood they've lived in for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's African-American population has been more impacted by gentrification than perhaps any other group. Consider these figures:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1970, African-Americans made up 13.4 percent of San Francisco's population, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">census data\u003c/a>. By 2010, that population had shrunk to just 6.1 percent. Meanwhile, African-Americans in 1970 made up just .1 percent of the total population in the small city of Antioch, on the far northeastern edge of the Bay Area. By 2010, Antioch was 17.3 percent African-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the map below, which shows changes in the region's black population, by census tract, since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new KQED podcast \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1197721799\" target=\"_blank\">American Suburb\u003c/a> explores this outward migration. It tells the story of modern Antioch, where entire communities of African-Americans, many from Oakland and San Francisco, have relocated in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/qedup/\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to the \"American Suburb\" Series\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1197721799\" target=\"_blank\">Subscribe to the Podcast\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Do the Benefits of Aquaculture Outweigh Its Negative Impacts?",
"headTitle": "Do the Benefits of Aquaculture Outweigh Its Negative Impacts? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by Ben Lokken, Anna Herff, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Jenkins\u003c/span> and Sara Wolf, students in Juk Bhattacharyya’s “Environmental Geology” class at University of Wisconsin-Whitewater.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nVIDEO: NOAA\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://oceantoday.noaa.gov/fishonafarm/\">Fish on a Farm\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nGet a brief introduction to fish farming, including some environmental concerns and how scientists are helping to address those impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Do the benefits of aquaculture and fish farming outweigh the negative impacts?\u003cstrong> #DoNowUFishFarm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowUFishFarm\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Aquaculture\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438141\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438141\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-1020x531.jpg\" alt=\"Aquaculture in western Greece.\" width=\"640\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-1020x531.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-160x83.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-800x417.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-768x400.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-960x500.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-240x125.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-375x195.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-520x271.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534.jpg 1025w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aquaculture in western Greece. \u003ccite>(AlMare)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/what_is_aquaculture.html\">Aquaculture\u003c/a> has emerged a popular and efficient way to grow and rear marine and aquatic life for consumption. Various species of fish, shellfish and even plants are grown in tanks, ponds, man-made inland systems or open water cages in the ocean until they reach market size. On a large scale, aquaculture could lessen the need for finding and catching wild fish for food or ornamental purposes (i.e. aquariums) and also help us more efficiently harvest underwater plants for uses in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements and other products. Aquaculture has grown exponentially in recent years. For example, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf\">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations\u003c/a>, 44.1 percent of total fish production worldwide in 2014 came from aquaculture, an increase from 42.1 percent in 2012 and 31.1 percent in 2004. Aquaculture shows tremendous promise in being a long-term source of food to sustain a growing population. However, it has its fair share of problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438143\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Aquaculture ponds along the coast of China’s Bohai Sea. \" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aquaculture ponds along the coast of China’s Bohai Sea. \u003ccite>(Planet Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are many reasons why aquaculture is good for the environment. In 2009, the total \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1820e/i1820e01.pdf\">seafood consumed\u003c/a> in the world was more than117 million tons. Of this, 90 million tons were taken out of freshwater and marine habitats. This practice can lead to overfishing, which happens when more fish are caught than can be replenished naturally. This can cause certain fish species, like Atlantic bluefish tuna, to become \u003ca href=\"/www.worldwildlife.org/threats/overfishing\">extinct\u003c/a>. Overfishing can impact marine ecosystems as well. For example, cod feed on herring. If herring are overfished, the cod population is adversely affected. Upsetting links on the food chain has \u003ca href=\"http://marinesciencetoday.com/2014/04/09/impact-of-overfishing-on-human-lives/\">consequences\u003c/a> up and down the line. Aquaculture could help decrease the effects of human consumption of fish on freshwater and marine water habitats by producing food without taking away from overfished environments. Fish, plants and shellfish produced in aquaculture farms are also used to \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/aquaculture/shellfish_enhancement_and_%20restoration.html\">rebuild species populations\u003c/a> in freshwater and saltwater habitats. A lesser-known benefit is that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/what_is_aquaculture.html\">plants grown in aquaculture\u003c/a> provide material used in pharmaceutical, nutritional, and biotechnology products. Aquaculture can also potentially be used for \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/highlights/1998/sewage-e.htm\">treating sewage and wastewater\u003c/a>. For example, in India, treated sewage is first passed through ponds of duckweed and next through ponds of prawns and carp. These animals gain nutrients from the waste as they clean the water. The water can then be used for agricultural purposes. These are just some of the ways aquaculture is beneficial not only to habitats and wild fish, but also to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the positive aspects of aquaculture come some \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1663604,00.html\">negative\u003c/a> ones. Fish farms can impact wild fish populations by transferring disease and parasites to migrating fish. Aquaculture can also \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3620330\">pollute water systems\u003c/a> with excess nutrients and fecal matter due to the large numbers and concentrations of farmed fish. Sometimes equipment used in aquaculture can be problematic. For example, in the Puget Sound, geoduck clam farming has affected the coastal ecosystem—the amount of PVC piping and netting has \u003ca href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/10/21/gear-not-geoducks-impacts-ecosystem-if-farming-increases/\">changed the landscape\u003c/a> for marine life, although the farmed geoducks, themselves, did not have a negative effect. Also, raising farmed fish can cost a lot in resources. For example, many species of fish raised by aquaculture, such as salmon, are predatory fish. They are \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/emptyoceans/fts/fishmeal/casestudy.html\">fed pellets\u003c/a> made from other fish like anchovies or sardines. So, wild fish are being caught to feed farmed fish. In some places, the practice of trawling the bottom of the ocean for marine life in order to make fishmeal scrapes the sea floor, thus harming the sensitive ecosystem. The increased amount of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/emptyoceans/fts/fishmeal/viewpoints.html\">pollutants in fishmeal\u003c/a>, caused by toxins from ocean pollution, is also raising concerns because these harmful toxins make their way into food targeted for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some great benefits to fish farming, but before continuing on, we must be aware of the potential harmful effects it could have on us as consumers as well as the environment. What do you think? Is aquaculture a good alternative to wild harvesting of fish and shellfish?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Website: Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://sarc.bren.ucsb.edu/aquaculture#aquacltr\">About Aquaculture\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLearn about key aquaculture species, the cost and benefits of aquaculture, and community and industrial aquaculture practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Website: Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/ocean-issues/aquaculture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aquaculture\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead about some of the effects of aquaculture, including pollution and disease, how fish that escape pens affect wild populations, and potential damage to habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Video: VOA\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.voanews.com/a/scientists-see-aquaculture-in-america-future/3533515.html\">Scientists See Aquaculture in America’s Future\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear why the U.S. is behind other countries in aquaculture even though demand for seafood is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by Ben Lokken, Anna Herff, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Jenkins\u003c/span> and Sara Wolf, students in Juk Bhattacharyya’s “Environmental Geology” class at University of Wisconsin-Whitewater.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nVIDEO: NOAA\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://oceantoday.noaa.gov/fishonafarm/\">Fish on a Farm\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nGet a brief introduction to fish farming, including some environmental concerns and how scientists are helping to address those impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Do the benefits of aquaculture and fish farming outweigh the negative impacts?\u003cstrong> #DoNowUFishFarm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowUFishFarm\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Aquaculture\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438141\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438141\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-1020x531.jpg\" alt=\"Aquaculture in western Greece.\" width=\"640\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-1020x531.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-160x83.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-800x417.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-768x400.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-960x500.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-240x125.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-375x195.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534-520x271.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Aquaculture_Western_Greece_2004_1025x534.jpg 1025w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aquaculture in western Greece. \u003ccite>(AlMare)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/what_is_aquaculture.html\">Aquaculture\u003c/a> has emerged a popular and efficient way to grow and rear marine and aquatic life for consumption. Various species of fish, shellfish and even plants are grown in tanks, ponds, man-made inland systems or open water cages in the ocean until they reach market size. On a large scale, aquaculture could lessen the need for finding and catching wild fish for food or ornamental purposes (i.e. aquariums) and also help us more efficiently harvest underwater plants for uses in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements and other products. Aquaculture has grown exponentially in recent years. For example, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf\">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations\u003c/a>, 44.1 percent of total fish production worldwide in 2014 came from aquaculture, an increase from 42.1 percent in 2012 and 31.1 percent in 2004. Aquaculture shows tremendous promise in being a long-term source of food to sustain a growing population. However, it has its fair share of problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438143\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Aquaculture ponds along the coast of China’s Bohai Sea. \" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/03/Bohai_sea_aquaculture_planet_labs_satellite_image.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aquaculture ponds along the coast of China’s Bohai Sea. \u003ccite>(Planet Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are many reasons why aquaculture is good for the environment. In 2009, the total \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1820e/i1820e01.pdf\">seafood consumed\u003c/a> in the world was more than117 million tons. Of this, 90 million tons were taken out of freshwater and marine habitats. This practice can lead to overfishing, which happens when more fish are caught than can be replenished naturally. This can cause certain fish species, like Atlantic bluefish tuna, to become \u003ca href=\"/www.worldwildlife.org/threats/overfishing\">extinct\u003c/a>. Overfishing can impact marine ecosystems as well. For example, cod feed on herring. If herring are overfished, the cod population is adversely affected. Upsetting links on the food chain has \u003ca href=\"http://marinesciencetoday.com/2014/04/09/impact-of-overfishing-on-human-lives/\">consequences\u003c/a> up and down the line. Aquaculture could help decrease the effects of human consumption of fish on freshwater and marine water habitats by producing food without taking away from overfished environments. Fish, plants and shellfish produced in aquaculture farms are also used to \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/aquaculture/shellfish_enhancement_and_%20restoration.html\">rebuild species populations\u003c/a> in freshwater and saltwater habitats. A lesser-known benefit is that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/what_is_aquaculture.html\">plants grown in aquaculture\u003c/a> provide material used in pharmaceutical, nutritional, and biotechnology products. Aquaculture can also potentially be used for \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/highlights/1998/sewage-e.htm\">treating sewage and wastewater\u003c/a>. For example, in India, treated sewage is first passed through ponds of duckweed and next through ponds of prawns and carp. These animals gain nutrients from the waste as they clean the water. The water can then be used for agricultural purposes. These are just some of the ways aquaculture is beneficial not only to habitats and wild fish, but also to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
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