Find lesson plans for high school and middle school that encourage critical thinking and are relevant to current events in social studies, science, and arts.
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Gerrymandering-lesson-plan-updated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: Redistricting and Gerrymandering (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Classroom-Guide.pdf\" target=\"new\">Above the Noise Classroom Discussion Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Student-Viewing-Notes.pdf\" target=\"new\">Student Video Viewing Notes Handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Should politicians be able to create state voting districts that benefit their own parties?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the key question the Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-to-hear-potentially-landmark-case-on-partisan-gerrymandering/2017/06/19/d525237e-5435-11e7-b38e-35fd8e0c288f_story.html?utm_term=.135f76c788c6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">will take up\u003c/a> during its next term, which begins in October. At stake is the future of gerrymandering, an entrenched electoral tactic practiced in most states wherein the majority party redraws district lines every 10 years to consolidate power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In several recent cases, the High Court has prohibited state parties from considering the racial makeup of communities when drawing district maps. But it has not ruled against straight-up partisan gerrymandering: when parties draw lines for pure political advantage. The court's decision could reshape how U.S. elections are conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In separate opinions in May and June, the court \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-election-idUSKBN18W1TF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">struck down\u003c/a> two North Carolina congressional districts and 28 state legislative districts, ruling that race played a major role in drawing the lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">The court also recently invalidated how the Republican-controlled legislatures in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/us/supreme-court-rules-against-alabama-in-redistricting-case.html\">Alabama\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/01/us/politics/supreme-court-virginia-house-delegates-gerrymandering.html\">Virginia\u003c/a> drew some of their legislative districts, determining that, as in North Carolina, black voters were intentionally packed into a handful of districts, unconstitutionally weakening the power of their vote. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2017/05/01/federal-court-sets-july-trial-date-texas-redistricting-case/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Texas legislature\u003c/a> has faced similar setbacks: A federal court in March determined that Republican lawmakers there drew the state's congressional map in a way that also intentionally discriminated against minority voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2250\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 565px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/06/gerrymandering-e1432169819715.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2250\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/06/gerrymandering-e1432169819715.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"565\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/06/gerrymandering-e1432169819715.png 565w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/06/gerrymandering-e1432169819715-400x239.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A political cartoon from 1812 criticizing Massachusetts state senate electoral districts drawn by the legislature to favor candidates in Gov. Elbridge Gerry's party. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">Gerrymandering dates back to Massachusetts Gov. Elbridge Gerry, who in 1812 engineered the drafting of his state's electoral districts to directly benefit his own party. The strange shapes of the new district maps, it was said, resembled a salamander. Hence ... the gerrymander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's par for the course in the opaque ritual known as redistricting. Following the census every 10 years, states redraw their congressional and legislative boundaries so that all districts have roughly equal populations. But as long as they contain the same number of people, those districts can be reconfigured in any number of ways, shapes and forms. If you put your mind to it, you can come up with some seriously creative cartography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Test out your district drawing chops\u003ca href=\"http://polytrope.com/district/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27291 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256.jpg 256w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In a whopping \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/State-by-state_redistricting_procedures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">37 states\u003c/a>, the party that controls the statehouse also controls the redistricting process, something that sets the U.S. apart from virtually every other democracy in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, of course, guarantees some degree of seemingly unfair partisan edge. The party in control is likely to redraw district lines in a way that ensures they'll control the most seats, even if they win fewer overall votes. But here's the rub: Partisan gerrymandering is generally permitted as long as there's no evidence that it discriminates against specific populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states under recent legal scrutiny all argued, albeit unsuccessfully, that, while their district maps were drawn to give the majority party a clear electoral advantage, there was no intent to racially discriminate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Common gerrymandering tactics\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cracking\u003c/strong>: Splitting a community into multiple districts to reduce its political influence. Prior to the 1965 Voting Rights Act, African-Americans throughout the South were frequently split apart by district lines in order to prevent them from electing their own candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Packing\u003c/strong>: Isolating “unfriendly” voters into one political district to minimize their influence in neighboring district races. When racially motivated, this process is called “bleaching.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hijacking\u003c/strong>: Intentionally drawing lines that put two unfavorable incumbents into the same district to compete against each other.\u003cstrong>Kidnapping\u003c/strong>: Intentionally drawing new district lines that place an unwanted incumbent in a district where he/she doesn’t live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/_-p66V9VsZM\" width=\"380\" height=\"214\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This process has huge impact on the balance of power in our political system and plays a large role in determining how much our votes actually count on Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the 2014 midterms. It was a rough one for Democrats. They lost their Senate majority, slipped further into the minority in the House and got clobbered in \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/democrats-lose-big-in-statehouses-too-112650?o=0\">state elections\u003c/a>, where Republicans took 31 out of 50 governorships and secured a record 68 state legislatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Evan Bonsall and Victor Agbafe write in the \u003ca href=\"http://harvardpolitics.com/united-states/redrawing-america-gerrymandering-matters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harvard Political Review\u003c/a>, a quick voting analysis suggests there was some serious political rigging at play. Looking at total votes cast nationwide in the 2014 U.S. House elections, they found that Democrats actually received \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2013/nov/26/lloyd-doggett/democrats-outpolled-republicans-who-landed-33-seat/\">1.4 million more votes\u003c/a> than Republicans, even though Republicans won 46 more seats. These disparities were similar in state legislative elections, where Republicans won 948 more \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/Portals/1/Documents/Elections/Legis_Control_2015_Feb4_11am.pdf\">statehouse seats\u003c/a> despite receiving fewer popular votes overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors note that Democrats are far from blameless. Election results were often skewed in their favor from the 1960s to the 1990s, and states like Illinois and Maryland are still heavily gerrymandered to protect Democratic majorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So prevalent is the process that former President Barack Obama is teaming up with Eric Holder, his old attorney general, to try to change how political districts are formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an eye on 2021, when states next redraw their lines, Holder has stepped up to lead the \u003ca href=\"https://democraticredistricting.com/\">National Democratic Redistricting Committee\u003c/a>, a newly formed political group pushing redistricting reform. He argues that redistricting efforts are often unfair and undemocratic, orchestrated by Republicans to help solidify their power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Obama] thinks, and I think, that this is something that threatens our democracy,” Holder \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/11/us/eric-holder-to-lead-democrats-attack-on-republican-gerrymandering.html\">told the New York Times\u003c/a>. “We have a system now where the politicians are picking their voters, as opposed to voters making selections about who they want to represent them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the strange geometry of redistricting and gerrymandering, check out this great interactive by Newsbound. Note that this resource was originally produced for \u003ca href=\"http://www.changeil.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Change Illinois\u003c/a>, a group that advocates for state political reform (hence the Illinois references). It's since been updated -- with editorial input from yours truly -- to present a more balanced analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you're still hungry for more, check out \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/politics-and-elections/redistricting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">this related collection\u003c/a> of Lowdown posts from 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/redistrict/redistrict_us/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/03/Gerrymandering-lesson-plan-updated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: Redistricting and Gerrymandering (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Classroom-Guide.pdf\" target=\"new\">Above the Noise Classroom Discussion Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Student-Viewing-Notes.pdf\" target=\"new\">Student Video Viewing Notes Handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Should politicians be able to create state voting districts that benefit their own parties?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the key question the Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-to-hear-potentially-landmark-case-on-partisan-gerrymandering/2017/06/19/d525237e-5435-11e7-b38e-35fd8e0c288f_story.html?utm_term=.135f76c788c6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">will take up\u003c/a> during its next term, which begins in October. At stake is the future of gerrymandering, an entrenched electoral tactic practiced in most states wherein the majority party redraws district lines every 10 years to consolidate power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In several recent cases, the High Court has prohibited state parties from considering the racial makeup of communities when drawing district maps. But it has not ruled against straight-up partisan gerrymandering: when parties draw lines for pure political advantage. The court's decision could reshape how U.S. elections are conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In separate opinions in May and June, the court \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-election-idUSKBN18W1TF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">struck down\u003c/a> two North Carolina congressional districts and 28 state legislative districts, ruling that race played a major role in drawing the lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">The court also recently invalidated how the Republican-controlled legislatures in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/us/supreme-court-rules-against-alabama-in-redistricting-case.html\">Alabama\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/01/us/politics/supreme-court-virginia-house-delegates-gerrymandering.html\">Virginia\u003c/a> drew some of their legislative districts, determining that, as in North Carolina, black voters were intentionally packed into a handful of districts, unconstitutionally weakening the power of their vote. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2017/05/01/federal-court-sets-july-trial-date-texas-redistricting-case/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Texas legislature\u003c/a> has faced similar setbacks: A federal court in March determined that Republican lawmakers there drew the state's congressional map in a way that also intentionally discriminated against minority voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2250\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 565px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/06/gerrymandering-e1432169819715.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2250\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/06/gerrymandering-e1432169819715.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"565\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/06/gerrymandering-e1432169819715.png 565w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/06/gerrymandering-e1432169819715-400x239.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A political cartoon from 1812 criticizing Massachusetts state senate electoral districts drawn by the legislature to favor candidates in Gov. Elbridge Gerry's party. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"story-body-text story-content\">Gerrymandering dates back to Massachusetts Gov. Elbridge Gerry, who in 1812 engineered the drafting of his state's electoral districts to directly benefit his own party. The strange shapes of the new district maps, it was said, resembled a salamander. Hence ... the gerrymander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's par for the course in the opaque ritual known as redistricting. Following the census every 10 years, states redraw their congressional and legislative boundaries so that all districts have roughly equal populations. But as long as they contain the same number of people, those districts can be reconfigured in any number of ways, shapes and forms. If you put your mind to it, you can come up with some seriously creative cartography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Test out your district drawing chops\u003ca href=\"http://polytrope.com/district/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27291 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256.jpg 256w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/district_256-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In a whopping \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/State-by-state_redistricting_procedures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">37 states\u003c/a>, the party that controls the statehouse also controls the redistricting process, something that sets the U.S. apart from virtually every other democracy in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, of course, guarantees some degree of seemingly unfair partisan edge. The party in control is likely to redraw district lines in a way that ensures they'll control the most seats, even if they win fewer overall votes. But here's the rub: Partisan gerrymandering is generally permitted as long as there's no evidence that it discriminates against specific populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states under recent legal scrutiny all argued, albeit unsuccessfully, that, while their district maps were drawn to give the majority party a clear electoral advantage, there was no intent to racially discriminate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Common gerrymandering tactics\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cracking\u003c/strong>: Splitting a community into multiple districts to reduce its political influence. Prior to the 1965 Voting Rights Act, African-Americans throughout the South were frequently split apart by district lines in order to prevent them from electing their own candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Packing\u003c/strong>: Isolating “unfriendly” voters into one political district to minimize their influence in neighboring district races. When racially motivated, this process is called “bleaching.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hijacking\u003c/strong>: Intentionally drawing lines that put two unfavorable incumbents into the same district to compete against each other.\u003cstrong>Kidnapping\u003c/strong>: Intentionally drawing new district lines that place an unwanted incumbent in a district where he/she doesn’t live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/_-p66V9VsZM\" width=\"380\" height=\"214\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This process has huge impact on the balance of power in our political system and plays a large role in determining how much our votes actually count on Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the 2014 midterms. It was a rough one for Democrats. They lost their Senate majority, slipped further into the minority in the House and got clobbered in \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2014/11/democrats-lose-big-in-statehouses-too-112650?o=0\">state elections\u003c/a>, where Republicans took 31 out of 50 governorships and secured a record 68 state legislatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Evan Bonsall and Victor Agbafe write in the \u003ca href=\"http://harvardpolitics.com/united-states/redrawing-america-gerrymandering-matters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harvard Political Review\u003c/a>, a quick voting analysis suggests there was some serious political rigging at play. Looking at total votes cast nationwide in the 2014 U.S. House elections, they found that Democrats actually received \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2013/nov/26/lloyd-doggett/democrats-outpolled-republicans-who-landed-33-seat/\">1.4 million more votes\u003c/a> than Republicans, even though Republicans won 46 more seats. These disparities were similar in state legislative elections, where Republicans won 948 more \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/Portals/1/Documents/Elections/Legis_Control_2015_Feb4_11am.pdf\">statehouse seats\u003c/a> despite receiving fewer popular votes overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors note that Democrats are far from blameless. Election results were often skewed in their favor from the 1960s to the 1990s, and states like Illinois and Maryland are still heavily gerrymandered to protect Democratic majorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So prevalent is the process that former President Barack Obama is teaming up with Eric Holder, his old attorney general, to try to change how political districts are formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an eye on 2021, when states next redraw their lines, Holder has stepped up to lead the \u003ca href=\"https://democraticredistricting.com/\">National Democratic Redistricting Committee\u003c/a>, a newly formed political group pushing redistricting reform. He argues that redistricting efforts are often unfair and undemocratic, orchestrated by Republicans to help solidify their power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Obama] thinks, and I think, that this is something that threatens our democracy,” Holder \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/11/us/eric-holder-to-lead-democrats-attack-on-republican-gerrymandering.html\">told the New York Times\u003c/a>. “We have a system now where the politicians are picking their voters, as opposed to voters making selections about who they want to represent them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the strange geometry of redistricting and gerrymandering, check out this great interactive by Newsbound. Note that this resource was originally produced for \u003ca href=\"http://www.changeil.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Change Illinois\u003c/a>, a group that advocates for state political reform (hence the Illinois references). It's since been updated -- with editorial input from yours truly -- to present a more balanced analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you're still hungry for more, check out \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/politics-and-elections/redistricting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">this related collection\u003c/a> of Lowdown posts from 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/redistrict/redistrict_us/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Can Algorithms Help Make the U.S. Criminal Justice System Less Biased?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThe U.S. has a seriously bloated prison population. We lock up people at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/07/07/yes-u-s-locks-people-up-at-a-higher-rate-than-any-other-country/?utm_term=.5099387ba1d9\">higher rate \u003c/a>than any other country in the world, with roughly 1 out of 140 Americans are currently behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that rate grows even steeper for certain minority populations, like African Americans, who are incarcerated at five times the rate of whites, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/color-of-justice-racial-and-ethnic-disparity-in-state-prisons/\">The Sentencing Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jailing that many people isn't cheap. It costs roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/articles/2016-04-28/white-house-americas-prisons-more-costly-than-helpful\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$80 billion a year\u003c/a>, far more than what we spend on many other essential public services. California, for instance, shells out more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/PolicyAreas/CJ/6_cj_inmatecost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$70,000 per inmate\u003c/a> but less than \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/how-does-california-rank-in-per-pupil-spending-it-all-depends/577405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$12,000 per k-12 student\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ethical and financial dilemmas inherent in the current state of mass incarceration have spurred recent pushes at reform in the hopes of addressing racial disparities and reducing the sheer number of people we lock up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One strategy that's gained traction in recent years is the use of \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44087.pdf\">risk assessment tools\u003c/a>. Similar to popular video and social platforms like Netflix and Facebook, these tools rely on computer algorithms to make predictions about future behavior. But whereas the Netflix algorithm analyzes user data to predict what videos a viewer might want to watch next, risk assessment tools analyze data to predict the likelihood of someone committing a future crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tools are typically presented as questionnaires, ranging from simple queries like a person's age, education level and substance abuse history, to more complex evaluations of personality and judgement. The responses are then measured against a database of past offenders to determine the likelihood of a person committing future crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates of these tools argue that in certain instances they can decide the fate of convicted criminals more fairly and than can judges and parole boards, whose decisions are often swayed by personal biases. Computer-based analyses, some argue, are colorblind and absent of prejudice. They can also help reduce prison populations by identifying low-risk offenders who are unlikely to commit future crimes and should therefore receive shorter sentences or forgo incarceration altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of states and local jurisdictions are already using these tools to help determine everything from when parole should be granted to appropriate sentence lengths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ohio, for example, developed a set of\u003ca href=\"http://www.drc.ohio.gov/oras\"> statewide risk assessment tools\u003c/a> used throughout the criminal process, from pretrial to parole. A number of private companies also develop and sell them to various jurisdictions, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/rehabilitation/docs/FS_COMPAS_Final_4-15-09.pdf\">California\u003c/a>, which has used a system called COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions) for nearly a decade to inform decisions about rehabilitation programs for prisoners and parolees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those skeptical of risk assessment techniques note that they are too often implemented without sufficient independent \u003ca href=\"https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Risk-Assessment-Instruments-Validated-and-Implemented-in-Correctional-Settings-in-the-United-States.pdf\">review or validation\u003c/a>. In some cases, the companies making the tools are also the ones evaluating how good they are at predicting criminal behavior. Major flaws in the design, critics argue, can produce tools that are extremely influential but ultimately inaccurate, with detrimental consequences for the people whose fate they ultimately determine. A number of recent investigations have also questioned whether these tools lessen racial bias in criminal justice decision making, or in some cases actually perpetuate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica, for one, \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed\u003c/a> a COMPAS tool used in Broward County, Fla. in 2013 and 2014, and found that it produced results that showed significant bias against black defendants. The investigation looked at the risk assessment scores of 7,000 people arrested in the county in 2013 and 2014, and analyzed the accuracy of the scores in predicting who was charged with a crime two years later. Black defendants, it found, were incorrectly flagged as future criminals at almost twice the rate of white defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.equivant.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Northpointe\u003c/a>, the Michigan company that created the tool, was quick to rebut ProPublica's analysis, defending its system as fair and evidence-based. And a follow-up \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/10/17/can-an-algorithm-be-racist-our-analysis-is-more-cautious-than-propublicas/?utm_term=.b3af3ee59cc4\">Washington Post analysis \u003c/a>suggested that the issue was less clear-cut than ProPublica made it seem, noting that \"at the heart of their disagreement is a subtle ethical question: What does it mean for an algorithm to be fair?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the jury's still out.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThe U.S. has a seriously bloated prison population. We lock up people at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/07/07/yes-u-s-locks-people-up-at-a-higher-rate-than-any-other-country/?utm_term=.5099387ba1d9\">higher rate \u003c/a>than any other country in the world, with roughly 1 out of 140 Americans are currently behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that rate grows even steeper for certain minority populations, like African Americans, who are incarcerated at five times the rate of whites, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/color-of-justice-racial-and-ethnic-disparity-in-state-prisons/\">The Sentencing Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jailing that many people isn't cheap. It costs roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/articles/2016-04-28/white-house-americas-prisons-more-costly-than-helpful\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$80 billion a year\u003c/a>, far more than what we spend on many other essential public services. California, for instance, shells out more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/PolicyAreas/CJ/6_cj_inmatecost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$70,000 per inmate\u003c/a> but less than \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/how-does-california-rank-in-per-pupil-spending-it-all-depends/577405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$12,000 per k-12 student\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ethical and financial dilemmas inherent in the current state of mass incarceration have spurred recent pushes at reform in the hopes of addressing racial disparities and reducing the sheer number of people we lock up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One strategy that's gained traction in recent years is the use of \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44087.pdf\">risk assessment tools\u003c/a>. Similar to popular video and social platforms like Netflix and Facebook, these tools rely on computer algorithms to make predictions about future behavior. But whereas the Netflix algorithm analyzes user data to predict what videos a viewer might want to watch next, risk assessment tools analyze data to predict the likelihood of someone committing a future crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tools are typically presented as questionnaires, ranging from simple queries like a person's age, education level and substance abuse history, to more complex evaluations of personality and judgement. The responses are then measured against a database of past offenders to determine the likelihood of a person committing future crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates of these tools argue that in certain instances they can decide the fate of convicted criminals more fairly and than can judges and parole boards, whose decisions are often swayed by personal biases. Computer-based analyses, some argue, are colorblind and absent of prejudice. They can also help reduce prison populations by identifying low-risk offenders who are unlikely to commit future crimes and should therefore receive shorter sentences or forgo incarceration altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of states and local jurisdictions are already using these tools to help determine everything from when parole should be granted to appropriate sentence lengths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ohio, for example, developed a set of\u003ca href=\"http://www.drc.ohio.gov/oras\"> statewide risk assessment tools\u003c/a> used throughout the criminal process, from pretrial to parole. A number of private companies also develop and sell them to various jurisdictions, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/rehabilitation/docs/FS_COMPAS_Final_4-15-09.pdf\">California\u003c/a>, which has used a system called COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions) for nearly a decade to inform decisions about rehabilitation programs for prisoners and parolees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those skeptical of risk assessment techniques note that they are too often implemented without sufficient independent \u003ca href=\"https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Risk-Assessment-Instruments-Validated-and-Implemented-in-Correctional-Settings-in-the-United-States.pdf\">review or validation\u003c/a>. In some cases, the companies making the tools are also the ones evaluating how good they are at predicting criminal behavior. Major flaws in the design, critics argue, can produce tools that are extremely influential but ultimately inaccurate, with detrimental consequences for the people whose fate they ultimately determine. A number of recent investigations have also questioned whether these tools lessen racial bias in criminal justice decision making, or in some cases actually perpetuate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica, for one, \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed\u003c/a> a COMPAS tool used in Broward County, Fla. in 2013 and 2014, and found that it produced results that showed significant bias against black defendants. The investigation looked at the risk assessment scores of 7,000 people arrested in the county in 2013 and 2014, and analyzed the accuracy of the scores in predicting who was charged with a crime two years later. Black defendants, it found, were incorrectly flagged as future criminals at almost twice the rate of white defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.equivant.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Northpointe\u003c/a>, the Michigan company that created the tool, was quick to rebut ProPublica's analysis, defending its system as fair and evidence-based. And a follow-up \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/10/17/can-an-algorithm-be-racist-our-analysis-is-more-cautious-than-propublicas/?utm_term=.b3af3ee59cc4\">Washington Post analysis \u003c/a>suggested that the issue was less clear-cut than ProPublica made it seem, noting that \"at the heart of their disagreement is a subtle ethical question: What does it mean for an algorithm to be fair?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the jury's still out.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Lesson Plan: The Trials of Marvin Mutch",
"title": "Lesson Plan: The Trials of Marvin Mutch",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/218367252?title=0&portrait=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marvin Mutch spent 41 years in prison for a crime he insists he didn't commit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1975, The 19-year-old Bay Area native was convicted on circumstantial evidence of murdering a young girl in Union City, and sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"wrxRJ2jUgqETej1YkxX0w1CeMnVAJWmA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mutch had a rocky start behind bars, but eventually became a mentor to his fellow inmates and an advocate for prison rights. Despite his exemplary behavior, he was repeatedly denied parole, in large part because of his adamant refusal to confess to the crime he'd been convicted of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, with legal assistance from the Northern California Innocence Project and support from high-ranking prison officials, Mutch was granted parole. But that decision was rescinded by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, who did not to be accused of allowing someone convicted of murder back on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until 2016, at the age of 59, when Mutch finally re-entered society. His release was partly the result of an earlier court-mandated change to state parole rules making it harder to deny parole to inmates no longer considered dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Mutch remains under parole supervision and continues his prison advocacy work. The Trials of Marvin Mutch, a KQED News documentary by Adam Grossberg and Alex Emslie, investigates the complex details of the original trial, and follows Mutch today as he adjusts to freedom for the first time in four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/the-trials-of-marvin-mutch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RELATED: Film landing page and related podcast series\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Opening\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> quick write prompt:\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Do you think someone convicted of a heinous crime can be rehabilitated and should regain freedom? Why or why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A quick write allows students to write down their thoughts before discussing the opening question in order to increase participation and make the discussion more accessible to English Language Learners. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Objective\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Students will analyze and evaluate the case of Marvin Mutch, including his arrest and conviction, and the issues surrounding his eventual release from prison.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students will investigate and reflect on the theme of justice, rehabilitation and parole policy, as well as the role of groups that advocate for the wrongfully convicted.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Essential question\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Who should be in charge of deciding if and when convicted criminals should be granted parole? How can justice be better served and wrongful convictions avoided? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Key vocabulary\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Pre-teach key vocabulary before students do the activity, especially if you have English Language Learners. After going over the simple definition, consider providing a visual aid or having students draw one. More ideas for how to pre-teach vocabulary can be found \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/vocabulary-development\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable width=\"320\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">\u003cstrong>Word\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">\u003cstrong>Simple definition\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Circumstantial (adj.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Pointing indirectly to someone's guilt, but not conclusively proving it.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Confluence (n.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">When two or more things occur at the same time\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Heinous (adj.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Very bad or evil, deserving of contempt\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Parole (n.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">The release of a prisoner, on condition of good behavior, before completion of a full sentence\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Predecessor (n.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Someone who had a job or role before somebody else\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Rehabilitate (v.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">To restore someone to a safe and healthy state\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Truancy (n.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">The act of skipping school without permission\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Direct instruction and guided practice \u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Discuss the quick-write prompt to gauge how students generally feel about the concept of rehabilitation and parole.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask follow-up questions to explore the question in greater depth. (\u003cem>Note: Students can answer as a think-pair-share or in a whole-class discussion\u003c/em>): Who should decide if a convicted criminal is no longer dangerous? What if that person is now much older and doesn’t seem to pose a serious threat to society? What if the person maintains his or her innocence?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Explain that students will watch a film about Marvin Mutch, a man who was recently freed after serving 41 years in prison for a murder he insists he never committed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Before watching:\u003c/strong> Brainstorm a list of all the things students can think of that have changed in our society since 1975, when Mutch was convicted at the age of 19 and sent to prison. Ask: What do you think the experience has been like for him to re-enter society after so long?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>While watching\u003c/strong>: As a class or in small groups, watch the documentary \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/the-trials-of-marvin-mutch/\">The Trials of Marvin Mutch\u003c/a>. (\u003cem>Note: Use a platform like \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://edpuzzle.com/\">\u003cem>EdPuzzle\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.playposit.com/\">\u003cem>PlayPosIt\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to insert questions directly into the video. Find strategies for how to make classroom videos interactive \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/learning/2016/08/23/watch-think-write-and-other-proven-strategies-for-using-video-in-the-classroom/\">\u003cem>HERE\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>) Stop the video at the following time marks to ask these questions:\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n- 3:55:\u003c/strong> What did Mutch do the day he got out of prison? What would you have done in that situation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>- 5:33: What challenges did Marvin experience in his childhood? Do you think his troubles with the police were serious? Why/why not? (Be sure students know the definitions of \u003cem>profane language\u003c/em> and \u003cem>truancy.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 10:49:\u003c/strong> Why was Marvin arrested for Cassie’s murder? Do you agree with his statement of innocence? Why/why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 24:10:\u003c/strong> What were the issues with testimony of Marvin’s sister? If you were Marvin, how would you feel about your sister’s actions? At this point, do you believe Marvin is innocent or guilty? Why/why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 30:00:\u003c/strong> Would you have made the same choice as Marvin and lied to the parole board in the hope of winning release? Why or why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 35:04:\u003c/strong> How did Marvin show leadership in prison? Do you think his actions were genuine or did he have ulterior motives? Why/why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 40:07:\u003c/strong> What evidence does Jill Klinge (the assistant district attorney) use to explain why Marvin’s supporters built a case for parole? What evidence do Marvin’s supporters use to explain why he should get parole? Which explanation do you agree with? Explain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 44:28:\u003c/strong> What changed with California’s parole policies that led to Marvin finally being granted parole in 2016 after being denied 10 years earlier? How did that additional 10 years in prison affect Marvin’s life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - At the end:\u003c/strong> How would you describe Marvin’s life now? In your opinion, why do you think he forgave his sister? Why do you think he doesn’t appear to be bitter at all about what happened to him?\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Transition to independent practice: Ask students to put themselves into groups based on interest in one of the following central questions in the film:\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Has justice been served in the case of Marvin Mutch? Why or why not?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Should convicted criminals be able to regain their freedom if they can show they are no longer a danger to society? Why/why not?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you think legal groups like the Northern California Innocence Project will always be necessary, or do you think the criminal justice system will eventually stop convicting innocent people? Explain.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Encourage groups or individual students to pose their own questions about this topic if there is another aspect they want to explore.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Independent practice \u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Students should prepare to present their answer and evidence to the class in the format of their choice. \u003ca href=\"https://spark.adobe.com/\">AdobeSpark\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://piktochart.com/\">piktochart\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://prezi.com/\">Prezi\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.canva.com/\">Canva\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thinglink.com/\">Thinglink\u003c/a> are all free, online tools that can be used for infographics, posters or presentations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Assessment/Reflection \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Small groups present their findings to the class orally or in a gallery walk.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After the presentations, students reflect individually in writing in response to the following question:What two or three factors do you think contributed most to Marvin Mutch’s conviction and decades spent behind bars? (Example: His troubled youth, his sister’s testimony, the lack of DNA evidence, the rules of the parole board, etc.)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/increase-student-interaction-think-pair-shares-and-circle-chats\">\u003cem>Circle chats\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, small-group discussions and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/increase-student-interaction-think-pair-shares-and-circle-chats\">\u003cem>think-pair-share\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> provide a safer space for students to practice speaking and listening, and also boost participation during whole-class discussions. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Extension/Homework\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Write/speak locally:\u003c/strong> Students research ways to share their poster or presentation with the community. (Example: Presenting during the public comment section of a city council meeting, posting on an online forum, etc.) For a list of how to contact local officials in your area, check out \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/learning/2017/02/07/local-election-toolkit/\">KQED Learning’s Local Election Toolkit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Common Core Standards\u003c/h4>\n\u003ctable width=\"320\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/CCRA/R/1/\">CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.1\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/CCRA/R/7/\">CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"> \u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/CCRA/W/6/\">CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.W.6\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/CCRA/W/8/\">CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.W.8\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/218367252?title=0&portrait=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marvin Mutch spent 41 years in prison for a crime he insists he didn't commit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1975, The 19-year-old Bay Area native was convicted on circumstantial evidence of murdering a young girl in Union City, and sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mutch had a rocky start behind bars, but eventually became a mentor to his fellow inmates and an advocate for prison rights. Despite his exemplary behavior, he was repeatedly denied parole, in large part because of his adamant refusal to confess to the crime he'd been convicted of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, with legal assistance from the Northern California Innocence Project and support from high-ranking prison officials, Mutch was granted parole. But that decision was rescinded by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, who did not to be accused of allowing someone convicted of murder back on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until 2016, at the age of 59, when Mutch finally re-entered society. His release was partly the result of an earlier court-mandated change to state parole rules making it harder to deny parole to inmates no longer considered dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Mutch remains under parole supervision and continues his prison advocacy work. The Trials of Marvin Mutch, a KQED News documentary by Adam Grossberg and Alex Emslie, investigates the complex details of the original trial, and follows Mutch today as he adjusts to freedom for the first time in four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/the-trials-of-marvin-mutch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RELATED: Film landing page and related podcast series\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Opening\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> quick write prompt:\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Do you think someone convicted of a heinous crime can be rehabilitated and should regain freedom? Why or why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A quick write allows students to write down their thoughts before discussing the opening question in order to increase participation and make the discussion more accessible to English Language Learners. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Objective\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Students will analyze and evaluate the case of Marvin Mutch, including his arrest and conviction, and the issues surrounding his eventual release from prison.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students will investigate and reflect on the theme of justice, rehabilitation and parole policy, as well as the role of groups that advocate for the wrongfully convicted.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Essential question\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Who should be in charge of deciding if and when convicted criminals should be granted parole? How can justice be better served and wrongful convictions avoided? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Key vocabulary\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Pre-teach key vocabulary before students do the activity, especially if you have English Language Learners. After going over the simple definition, consider providing a visual aid or having students draw one. More ideas for how to pre-teach vocabulary can be found \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/vocabulary-development\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable width=\"320\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">\u003cstrong>Word\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">\u003cstrong>Simple definition\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Circumstantial (adj.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Pointing indirectly to someone's guilt, but not conclusively proving it.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Confluence (n.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">When two or more things occur at the same time\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Heinous (adj.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Very bad or evil, deserving of contempt\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Parole (n.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">The release of a prisoner, on condition of good behavior, before completion of a full sentence\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Predecessor (n.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Someone who had a job or role before somebody else\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Rehabilitate (v.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">To restore someone to a safe and healthy state\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">Truancy (n.)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">The act of skipping school without permission\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Direct instruction and guided practice \u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Discuss the quick-write prompt to gauge how students generally feel about the concept of rehabilitation and parole.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask follow-up questions to explore the question in greater depth. (\u003cem>Note: Students can answer as a think-pair-share or in a whole-class discussion\u003c/em>): Who should decide if a convicted criminal is no longer dangerous? What if that person is now much older and doesn’t seem to pose a serious threat to society? What if the person maintains his or her innocence?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Explain that students will watch a film about Marvin Mutch, a man who was recently freed after serving 41 years in prison for a murder he insists he never committed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Before watching:\u003c/strong> Brainstorm a list of all the things students can think of that have changed in our society since 1975, when Mutch was convicted at the age of 19 and sent to prison. Ask: What do you think the experience has been like for him to re-enter society after so long?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>While watching\u003c/strong>: As a class or in small groups, watch the documentary \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/the-trials-of-marvin-mutch/\">The Trials of Marvin Mutch\u003c/a>. (\u003cem>Note: Use a platform like \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://edpuzzle.com/\">\u003cem>EdPuzzle\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.playposit.com/\">\u003cem>PlayPosIt\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to insert questions directly into the video. Find strategies for how to make classroom videos interactive \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/learning/2016/08/23/watch-think-write-and-other-proven-strategies-for-using-video-in-the-classroom/\">\u003cem>HERE\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>) Stop the video at the following time marks to ask these questions:\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n- 3:55:\u003c/strong> What did Mutch do the day he got out of prison? What would you have done in that situation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>- 5:33: What challenges did Marvin experience in his childhood? Do you think his troubles with the police were serious? Why/why not? (Be sure students know the definitions of \u003cem>profane language\u003c/em> and \u003cem>truancy.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 10:49:\u003c/strong> Why was Marvin arrested for Cassie’s murder? Do you agree with his statement of innocence? Why/why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 24:10:\u003c/strong> What were the issues with testimony of Marvin’s sister? If you were Marvin, how would you feel about your sister’s actions? At this point, do you believe Marvin is innocent or guilty? Why/why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 30:00:\u003c/strong> Would you have made the same choice as Marvin and lied to the parole board in the hope of winning release? Why or why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 35:04:\u003c/strong> How did Marvin show leadership in prison? Do you think his actions were genuine or did he have ulterior motives? Why/why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 40:07:\u003c/strong> What evidence does Jill Klinge (the assistant district attorney) use to explain why Marvin’s supporters built a case for parole? What evidence do Marvin’s supporters use to explain why he should get parole? Which explanation do you agree with? Explain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - 44:28:\u003c/strong> What changed with California’s parole policies that led to Marvin finally being granted parole in 2016 after being denied 10 years earlier? How did that additional 10 years in prison affect Marvin’s life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> - At the end:\u003c/strong> How would you describe Marvin’s life now? In your opinion, why do you think he forgave his sister? Why do you think he doesn’t appear to be bitter at all about what happened to him?\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Transition to independent practice: Ask students to put themselves into groups based on interest in one of the following central questions in the film:\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Has justice been served in the case of Marvin Mutch? Why or why not?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Should convicted criminals be able to regain their freedom if they can show they are no longer a danger to society? Why/why not?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you think legal groups like the Northern California Innocence Project will always be necessary, or do you think the criminal justice system will eventually stop convicting innocent people? Explain.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Encourage groups or individual students to pose their own questions about this topic if there is another aspect they want to explore.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Independent practice \u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Students should prepare to present their answer and evidence to the class in the format of their choice. \u003ca href=\"https://spark.adobe.com/\">AdobeSpark\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://piktochart.com/\">piktochart\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://prezi.com/\">Prezi\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.canva.com/\">Canva\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thinglink.com/\">Thinglink\u003c/a> are all free, online tools that can be used for infographics, posters or presentations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Assessment/Reflection \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Small groups present their findings to the class orally or in a gallery walk.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After the presentations, students reflect individually in writing in response to the following question:What two or three factors do you think contributed most to Marvin Mutch’s conviction and decades spent behind bars? (Example: His troubled youth, his sister’s testimony, the lack of DNA evidence, the rules of the parole board, etc.)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/increase-student-interaction-think-pair-shares-and-circle-chats\">\u003cem>Circle chats\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, small-group discussions and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/increase-student-interaction-think-pair-shares-and-circle-chats\">\u003cem>think-pair-share\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> provide a safer space for students to practice speaking and listening, and also boost participation during whole-class discussions. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Extension/Homework\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Write/speak locally:\u003c/strong> Students research ways to share their poster or presentation with the community. (Example: Presenting during the public comment section of a city council meeting, posting on an online forum, etc.) For a list of how to contact local officials in your area, check out \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/learning/2017/02/07/local-election-toolkit/\">KQED Learning’s Local Election Toolkit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Common Core Standards\u003c/h4>\n\u003ctable width=\"320\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/CCRA/R/1/\">CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.1\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/CCRA/R/7/\">CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"> \u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/CCRA/W/6/\">CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.W.6\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd width=\"100\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/CCRA/W/8/\">CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.W.8\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd width=\"200\">Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Youth Activists Behind the Standing Rock Resistance (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "The Youth Activists Behind the Standing Rock Resistance (with Lesson Plan)",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/Yb9HHtye1Tk\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Youth-of-Standing-Rock-lesson-plan.pdf\">Lesson Plan: The Youth Activists of Standing Rock (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: The parole system\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>At first glance, it's easy to consider the dramatic effort to block construction of an oil pipeline near the Standing Rock reservation a defeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over a year since the protests began, the fiercely contested Dakota Access Pipeline is near completion. Long-stalled construction resumed in February, following an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/24/presidential-memorandum-regarding-construction-dakota-access-pipeline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">order\u003c/a> by President Trump within his first days in office. And the once-vibrant, sprawling protest camps that dotted the North Dakota plains and came to symbolize an internationally recognized struggle for native rights and environmental justice have all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the small group of often overlooked native youth who started the movement, the experience was transformational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This has changed my life completely,\" said Jasilyn Charger, 20, of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, who first helped organize the protest. \"I will never be the same girl I was when I first came to camp. ... My people gave me courage. And I'm going to continue this fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1TV_z8JHkK4TvJHYhVzMPIB0wOo4AVZ1G90TFIi5ZNS8&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=800\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/standing-rock-and-beyond/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent episode\u003c/a> of Reveal, produced by the Center for Investigative Reporting, reporter Leigh Paterson of the public media project \u003ca href=\"http://insideenergy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inside Energy\u003c/a> returned to the Standing Rock reservation and reconnected with some of the youth leaders who played a crucial role in sparking the resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/322192173&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never in my wildest dreams did I ever think that Standing Rock would be put on such a large world stage,\" Dana Yellow Fat, a member of the tribal council, told Paterson. And it was the young people who put it there, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after the pipeline broke ground in January 2016, he said, \"a group of youth approached us and asked for help. ... They wanted our help as elected officials to bring awareness to as many people as they could.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27090\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27090\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Standing Rock youth running East towards D.C. \u003ccite>(ReZpect our Water)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Calling themselves the One Mind Youth Movement, Jasilyn Charger's small group set up a tiny \"prayer camp\" on the still-frozen ground last spring on the northernmost edge of the Standing Rock reservation. It was one of the first actions to block construction of the pipeline, a project slated to move half a million barrels of oil a day under the nearby Missouri River, which the tribe said threatened its main water supply and desecrated sacred ancestral lands. In August, the group also organized a nearly 2,000-mile relay-style run to Washington, D.C., to bring those concerns directly to federal officials and draw more national attention to the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within months, thousands of protesters from around the world joined the sprawling camp near the river, an improbable movement uniting conservative farmers, urban environmentalists and members of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/12/us/12tribes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hundreds of American Indian tribes\u003c/a> from around the country, in what became one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/12/13/the-significance-of-standing-rock-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largest native resistance efforts\u003c/a> in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/5k6X3tFipqw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numbering just over 8,000, the Standing Rock Sioux live on a stretch of plains that reaches across state lines from North to South Dakota. The reservation was once part of a far more vast expanse of land controlled by a confederation of Sioux tribes, including the Lakota and Dakota. That territory was dramatically whittled down in 1868 to an area of roughly 25 million acres, encompassing most of modern western South Dakota, when the federal government via treaty consolidated the tribes into the Great Sioux Reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27080\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27080\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap.png 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Partitioning of the Great Sioux Reservation \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Kmusser\" title=\"User:Kmusser\">Kmusser/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But with the discovery of gold in the Black Hills in the late 1800s and impending statehood for the Dakotas, the government again went back on former treaties and partitioned the area into much smaller isolated reservations, including Standing Rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many kids growing up on the Standing Rock reservation are no strangers to struggle. Roughly half of the families here live in poverty, a rate nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.census.gov/tribal/?eml=gd&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three times the national average. \u003c/a>The unemployment rate is officially about 35 percent, but many say it is much higher. Drug use, alcoholism and domestic violence plague the community, as do high rates of nutrition-related diseases like obesity and diabetes, making it one of the most unhealthy places in the country to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama visited Standing Rock in 2014 and met with some local youth leaders. It was his first visit to an Indian reservation. Reflecting on his experience, he later said: \"We walked away shaken, because some of these kids were carrying burdens no young people should ever have to carry and it was heartbreaking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And similar to many other reservations, the rate of suicide in Standing Rock, especially among young people, is strikingly high: about 1.5 times the national average. For young men, it climbs even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the biggest things and biggest fears that I have is our youth taking their own lives, and it’s happened a lot on Standing Rock,\" said Yellow Fat. \"It was a national story. That’s what we were known for.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aliya Eagle, Yellow Fat's 17-year-old stepdaughter, can speak of these tragedies firsthand. Several years ago her cousin committed suicide and just three days later her brother was murdered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After all of that happened, I didn’t really want anything to do with anybody,\" she said. \"And I couldn’t be in a public setting for a long time or a short time without feeling like the world was going to crash on me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Eagle and many of the other young people involved in the protest, the fight against the pipeline was also a fight against many of the demons haunting the reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can say it was pretty amazing,\" she added. \"It really helped me gain people skills and just enjoy being in a public setting again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lasting impact that the resistance movement has had on the reservation's youth is impossible to quantify. But Monique Runnels, Standing Rock's wellness director, collects suicide-related data and told Paterson that she's observed a notable decrease in the number of referrals and attempts, a trend she hopes will continue now that the camps are gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, oil will begin flowing through the completed pipeline, under Lake Oahe, just north of the reservation. For some, it will be a bitter reminder of an ultimately unsuccessful resistance, another failed native resistance effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tokata Iron Eyes, the 13-year-old president of the Standing Rock Youth Council, sees it a differently. Although certainly not satisfied with the outcome, she says the movement turned into something bigger than just stopping the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those camps and this whole movement gave our youth something to do that's occupied time where they could have been drinking, doing drugs. And so I think it was a really positive movement for a really long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our communities have such a hard time. But we don’t want to be victims anymore. Because we’ve been victims for a really long time. Now, with this generation, with the youth, we’re just trying to pick ourselves up and start over and live in a good way.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Yb9HHtye1Tk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Yb9HHtye1Tk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Youth-of-Standing-Rock-lesson-plan.pdf\">Lesson Plan: The Youth Activists of Standing Rock (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: The parole system\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>At first glance, it's easy to consider the dramatic effort to block construction of an oil pipeline near the Standing Rock reservation a defeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over a year since the protests began, the fiercely contested Dakota Access Pipeline is near completion. Long-stalled construction resumed in February, following an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/24/presidential-memorandum-regarding-construction-dakota-access-pipeline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">order\u003c/a> by President Trump within his first days in office. And the once-vibrant, sprawling protest camps that dotted the North Dakota plains and came to symbolize an internationally recognized struggle for native rights and environmental justice have all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the small group of often overlooked native youth who started the movement, the experience was transformational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This has changed my life completely,\" said Jasilyn Charger, 20, of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, who first helped organize the protest. \"I will never be the same girl I was when I first came to camp. ... My people gave me courage. And I'm going to continue this fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1TV_z8JHkK4TvJHYhVzMPIB0wOo4AVZ1G90TFIi5ZNS8&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=800\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/standing-rock-and-beyond/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent episode\u003c/a> of Reveal, produced by the Center for Investigative Reporting, reporter Leigh Paterson of the public media project \u003ca href=\"http://insideenergy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inside Energy\u003c/a> returned to the Standing Rock reservation and reconnected with some of the youth leaders who played a crucial role in sparking the resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/322192173&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never in my wildest dreams did I ever think that Standing Rock would be put on such a large world stage,\" Dana Yellow Fat, a member of the tribal council, told Paterson. And it was the young people who put it there, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after the pipeline broke ground in January 2016, he said, \"a group of youth approached us and asked for help. ... They wanted our help as elected officials to bring awareness to as many people as they could.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27090\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27090\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/run_for_peace-620x412-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Standing Rock youth running East towards D.C. \u003ccite>(ReZpect our Water)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Calling themselves the One Mind Youth Movement, Jasilyn Charger's small group set up a tiny \"prayer camp\" on the still-frozen ground last spring on the northernmost edge of the Standing Rock reservation. It was one of the first actions to block construction of the pipeline, a project slated to move half a million barrels of oil a day under the nearby Missouri River, which the tribe said threatened its main water supply and desecrated sacred ancestral lands. In August, the group also organized a nearly 2,000-mile relay-style run to Washington, D.C., to bring those concerns directly to federal officials and draw more national attention to the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within months, thousands of protesters from around the world joined the sprawling camp near the river, an improbable movement uniting conservative farmers, urban environmentalists and members of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/12/us/12tribes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hundreds of American Indian tribes\u003c/a> from around the country, in what became one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/12/13/the-significance-of-standing-rock-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largest native resistance efforts\u003c/a> in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/5k6X3tFipqw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/5k6X3tFipqw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Numbering just over 8,000, the Standing Rock Sioux live on a stretch of plains that reaches across state lines from North to South Dakota. The reservation was once part of a far more vast expanse of land controlled by a confederation of Sioux tribes, including the Lakota and Dakota. That territory was dramatically whittled down in 1868 to an area of roughly 25 million acres, encompassing most of modern western South Dakota, when the federal government via treaty consolidated the tribes into the Great Sioux Reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27080\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27080\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap.png 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Siouxreservationmap-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Partitioning of the Great Sioux Reservation \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Kmusser\" title=\"User:Kmusser\">Kmusser/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But with the discovery of gold in the Black Hills in the late 1800s and impending statehood for the Dakotas, the government again went back on former treaties and partitioned the area into much smaller isolated reservations, including Standing Rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many kids growing up on the Standing Rock reservation are no strangers to struggle. Roughly half of the families here live in poverty, a rate nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.census.gov/tribal/?eml=gd&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three times the national average. \u003c/a>The unemployment rate is officially about 35 percent, but many say it is much higher. Drug use, alcoholism and domestic violence plague the community, as do high rates of nutrition-related diseases like obesity and diabetes, making it one of the most unhealthy places in the country to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama visited Standing Rock in 2014 and met with some local youth leaders. It was his first visit to an Indian reservation. Reflecting on his experience, he later said: \"We walked away shaken, because some of these kids were carrying burdens no young people should ever have to carry and it was heartbreaking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And similar to many other reservations, the rate of suicide in Standing Rock, especially among young people, is strikingly high: about 1.5 times the national average. For young men, it climbs even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the biggest things and biggest fears that I have is our youth taking their own lives, and it’s happened a lot on Standing Rock,\" said Yellow Fat. \"It was a national story. That’s what we were known for.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aliya Eagle, Yellow Fat's 17-year-old stepdaughter, can speak of these tragedies firsthand. Several years ago her cousin committed suicide and just three days later her brother was murdered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After all of that happened, I didn’t really want anything to do with anybody,\" she said. \"And I couldn’t be in a public setting for a long time or a short time without feeling like the world was going to crash on me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Eagle and many of the other young people involved in the protest, the fight against the pipeline was also a fight against many of the demons haunting the reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can say it was pretty amazing,\" she added. \"It really helped me gain people skills and just enjoy being in a public setting again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lasting impact that the resistance movement has had on the reservation's youth is impossible to quantify. But Monique Runnels, Standing Rock's wellness director, collects suicide-related data and told Paterson that she's observed a notable decrease in the number of referrals and attempts, a trend she hopes will continue now that the camps are gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, oil will begin flowing through the completed pipeline, under Lake Oahe, just north of the reservation. For some, it will be a bitter reminder of an ultimately unsuccessful resistance, another failed native resistance effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tokata Iron Eyes, the 13-year-old president of the Standing Rock Youth Council, sees it a differently. Although certainly not satisfied with the outcome, she says the movement turned into something bigger than just stopping the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those camps and this whole movement gave our youth something to do that's occupied time where they could have been drinking, doing drugs. And so I think it was a really positive movement for a really long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our communities have such a hard time. But we don’t want to be victims anymore. Because we’ve been victims for a really long time. Now, with this generation, with the youth, we’re just trying to pick ourselves up and start over and live in a good way.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Should Public Funds Be Used to Send Kids to Private Schools? (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "Should Public Funds Be Used to Send Kids to Private Schools? (with Lesson Plan)",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/oYztfAf1Oyg\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/School-voucher-lesson-plan.pdf\">Lesson Plan: School vouchers (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Beyond Standing Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>If parents aren't satisfied with the quality of their children's designated public schools, should they get public funding to send them to private schools instead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the underlying question in the debate over \"school choice,\" and specifically school voucher programs, an increasingly popular strategy among conservative education reformers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26950\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/interactive-guide-to-school-choice.aspx#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26950\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states.png 673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-160x118.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-240x177.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-375x276.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-520x383.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">14 states and Washington, D.C. have some form of school voucher program. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/interactive-guide-to-school-choice.aspx#/\" target=\"_blank\">National Conference of State Legislatures)\u003c/a>\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/school-choice-vouchers.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14 states and Washington, D.C.\u003c/a>, offer some form of school voucher program, in which qualifying students can receive state-funded scholarships to attend private schools, including religious (parochial) schools, using public dollars. Funding for the vouchers generally comes directly out of the state's public education budget. In most of these states, the programs are primarily geared toward lower-income students in chronically low-performing public schools, although some states, like Indiana, have expanded options to a wider population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most states, though, including California, still don't offer school vouchers because their constitutions specifically prohibit the use of public dollars to fund schools with religious affiliations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump insists that school vouchers and other \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/School_Choice_Glossary-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">school choice\u003c/a>\" options -- including scholarship tax credits and charter schools -- are a necessary, cost-effective approach to leveling the playing field and closing the vast achievement gap that still exists in the nation's education system. He's gone so far as framing it as a civil rights initiative meant to help the most disadvantaged children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the legal guarantee of an equal education for all, gaping disparities exist in America’s education system, with poverty and race still the key determinants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2016/04/29/local-education-inequities-across-u-s-revealed-new-stanford-data-set/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford analysis\u003c/a> of nationwide academic performance found that the achievement gaps between more affluent and less privileged children is wider than ever, with students in the highest poverty districts testing more than four grade levels below students in the wealthiest ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within individual districts, schools are still often largely segregated, and the academic performance of white students as compared to black and Hispanic students is dramatic: On average, test scores of white students are two grade levels higher than those of black students in the same district, and one- and-a-half grade levels higher than those of Hispanic students, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[See how your district compares in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/04/29/upshot/money-race-and-success-how-your-school-district-compares.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NY Times interactive\u003c/a> visualizing the study's findings.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/trump-seeks-to-slash-education-department-but-make-big-push-for-school-choice/2017/03/15/63b8b6f8-09a1-11e7-b77c-0047d15a24e0_story.html?utm_term=.59efbdb43f3e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">budget proposal \u003c/a>calls for an unprecedented federal investment of $1.4 billion for school choice programs, while simultaneously slashing the Education Department's total budget by a sweeping $9.2 billion — or 13.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His education secretary, Betsy DeVos, a billionaire Republican donor and longtime school choice evangelist, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/03/29/devos-picking-a-school-should-be-like-choosing-among-uber-lyft-or-a-taxi/?utm_term=.ceaff4f40ad8\">compared\u003c/a> private schools to ride-hailing apps like Uber and public schools to traditional taxis. Where one is nimble, competitive and efficient, she says, the other is rickety, expensive and outdated. Simply pouring more money into failing public schools has consistently proved ineffective, she says. (DeVos also recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/03/04/517695605/betsy-devos-school-choice-controversy-historically-black-colleges-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">referred\u003c/a> to historically black colleges as \"pioneers\" of school choice, a statement that didn't go over too well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think ride sharing is the best option for you, the government shouldn’t get in your way,\" she said in March. \"We celebrate the benefits of choices in transportation and lodging. But doesn’t that pale in comparison to the importance of educating the future of our country? Why do we not allow parents to exercise that same right to choice in the education of their child?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/528502918/528502919\" width=\"620\" height=\"200\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of vouchers contend that when given options, parents will choose the highest-performing schools for their children. Competition will force low-performing public schools to improve or risk losing students and funding. Private schools, they argue, are free of many of the bureaucratic and staffing hurdles that traditional public schools contend with, and can operate more independently and cost effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, though, school voucher programs have proved quite controversial. Opponents argue that they siphon much-needed state funding away from public schools and only benefit a select few at the expense of the majority, while largely excluding students with the highest needs. Rather than divert funds from troubled schools, they contend, why not invest in those schools and help them improve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents also note that there's \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2017/02/28/vouchers-not-improve-student-achievement-stanford-researcher-finds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">little evidence\u003c/a> to suggest that students in voucher programs outperform their counterparts. Additionally, critics commonly view government incentives to attend private religious schools as a violation of the separation of church and state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of \u003cem>The California Report's\u003c/em> \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/trump-ed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trump Ed\u003c/a>\" series, reporters John Sepulvado and Ana Tintocalis \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/what-are-your-questions-about-education-in-the-era-of-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently sat down \u003c/a>with a class of students at Sacred Heart Cathedral High School in San Francisco, the kind of school that a student at a nearby underperforming public school might choose to go to if given the opportunity. When asked if they supported the idea of greater school choice, students offered a range of responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/322735570\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oYztfAf1Oyg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oYztfAf1Oyg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/School-voucher-lesson-plan.pdf\">Lesson Plan: School vouchers (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Beyond Standing Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>If parents aren't satisfied with the quality of their children's designated public schools, should they get public funding to send them to private schools instead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the underlying question in the debate over \"school choice,\" and specifically school voucher programs, an increasingly popular strategy among conservative education reformers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26950\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/interactive-guide-to-school-choice.aspx#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26950\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states.png 673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-160x118.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-240x177.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-375x276.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/voucher-states-520x383.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">14 states and Washington, D.C. have some form of school voucher program. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/interactive-guide-to-school-choice.aspx#/\" target=\"_blank\">National Conference of State Legislatures)\u003c/a>\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/school-choice-vouchers.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14 states and Washington, D.C.\u003c/a>, offer some form of school voucher program, in which qualifying students can receive state-funded scholarships to attend private schools, including religious (parochial) schools, using public dollars. Funding for the vouchers generally comes directly out of the state's public education budget. In most of these states, the programs are primarily geared toward lower-income students in chronically low-performing public schools, although some states, like Indiana, have expanded options to a wider population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most states, though, including California, still don't offer school vouchers because their constitutions specifically prohibit the use of public dollars to fund schools with religious affiliations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump insists that school vouchers and other \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/School_Choice_Glossary-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">school choice\u003c/a>\" options -- including scholarship tax credits and charter schools -- are a necessary, cost-effective approach to leveling the playing field and closing the vast achievement gap that still exists in the nation's education system. He's gone so far as framing it as a civil rights initiative meant to help the most disadvantaged children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the legal guarantee of an equal education for all, gaping disparities exist in America’s education system, with poverty and race still the key determinants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2016/04/29/local-education-inequities-across-u-s-revealed-new-stanford-data-set/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford analysis\u003c/a> of nationwide academic performance found that the achievement gaps between more affluent and less privileged children is wider than ever, with students in the highest poverty districts testing more than four grade levels below students in the wealthiest ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within individual districts, schools are still often largely segregated, and the academic performance of white students as compared to black and Hispanic students is dramatic: On average, test scores of white students are two grade levels higher than those of black students in the same district, and one- and-a-half grade levels higher than those of Hispanic students, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[See how your district compares in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/04/29/upshot/money-race-and-success-how-your-school-district-compares.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NY Times interactive\u003c/a> visualizing the study's findings.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/trump-seeks-to-slash-education-department-but-make-big-push-for-school-choice/2017/03/15/63b8b6f8-09a1-11e7-b77c-0047d15a24e0_story.html?utm_term=.59efbdb43f3e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">budget proposal \u003c/a>calls for an unprecedented federal investment of $1.4 billion for school choice programs, while simultaneously slashing the Education Department's total budget by a sweeping $9.2 billion — or 13.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His education secretary, Betsy DeVos, a billionaire Republican donor and longtime school choice evangelist, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/03/29/devos-picking-a-school-should-be-like-choosing-among-uber-lyft-or-a-taxi/?utm_term=.ceaff4f40ad8\">compared\u003c/a> private schools to ride-hailing apps like Uber and public schools to traditional taxis. Where one is nimble, competitive and efficient, she says, the other is rickety, expensive and outdated. Simply pouring more money into failing public schools has consistently proved ineffective, she says. (DeVos also recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/03/04/517695605/betsy-devos-school-choice-controversy-historically-black-colleges-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">referred\u003c/a> to historically black colleges as \"pioneers\" of school choice, a statement that didn't go over too well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think ride sharing is the best option for you, the government shouldn’t get in your way,\" she said in March. \"We celebrate the benefits of choices in transportation and lodging. But doesn’t that pale in comparison to the importance of educating the future of our country? Why do we not allow parents to exercise that same right to choice in the education of their child?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/528502918/528502919\" width=\"620\" height=\"200\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of vouchers contend that when given options, parents will choose the highest-performing schools for their children. Competition will force low-performing public schools to improve or risk losing students and funding. Private schools, they argue, are free of many of the bureaucratic and staffing hurdles that traditional public schools contend with, and can operate more independently and cost effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, though, school voucher programs have proved quite controversial. Opponents argue that they siphon much-needed state funding away from public schools and only benefit a select few at the expense of the majority, while largely excluding students with the highest needs. Rather than divert funds from troubled schools, they contend, why not invest in those schools and help them improve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents also note that there's \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2017/02/28/vouchers-not-improve-student-achievement-stanford-researcher-finds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">little evidence\u003c/a> to suggest that students in voucher programs outperform their counterparts. Additionally, critics commonly view government incentives to attend private religious schools as a violation of the separation of church and state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of \u003cem>The California Report's\u003c/em> \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/trump-ed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trump Ed\u003c/a>\" series, reporters John Sepulvado and Ana Tintocalis \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/what-are-your-questions-about-education-in-the-era-of-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently sat down \u003c/a>with a class of students at Sacred Heart Cathedral High School in San Francisco, the kind of school that a student at a nearby underperforming public school might choose to go to if given the opportunity. When asked if they supported the idea of greater school choice, students offered a range of responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='200'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/322735570&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/322735570'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003cb>\u003ci>“I know that change can only be made by speaking out…”\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let’s face it: people can be mean. In our online culture, bullying and name calling is rampant, and, naturally, that behavior seeps into our school environments. In response, some campaigns have been launched to spread awareness to end the use of harmful words. For example, the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.r-word.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> R-Word campaign\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> aims “to spread the word to end the word” when it comes to using the term “retard”.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you feel comfortable speaking up to your classmates and friends? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More recently, since the presidential election, bullying attitudes of some students were emboldened, taking of the form of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/11/schools-racism-trump-effect-harassment-bullying\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">hate speech and vandalism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While on a day-to-day basis, other actions may not be as extreme as the bigotry of racist slurs and symbols that go viral on the news, students are still confronted with harmful messages. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So what happens if the moment doesn’t make headlines? Or what if someone–maybe even a friend–repeats a widely used phrase? How do we feel about speaking up then?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this featured piece, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">freshman Anoushka Ambavanekar of Folsom, CA recalls a time when she chose to take a stand against a student who used the phrase, “that’s gay” to refer to something as “bad”. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Taking a Stand” by Anoushka Ambavanekar\u003c/h3>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Don’t be a bystander.” “Stand up for yourself and others.” “Make a change.” As students, we hear these things all the time, so often that they no longer have meaning. The words are drilled into us. We hear them and assure ourselves that we’re not bystanders, and that when it really comes to it, we are brave enough to make a change and advocate for what is right. But how many of us \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">do\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> stand up for what is right? And how many decide it’s a lost cause and take the easy route?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A recent event in one of my classes left me thinking about this. As a teacher assigned a piece of classwork, a classmate sitting next to me groaned and said, “This class is so gay.” “Did you have to use the word “gay” as an insult?”, I asked him disgustedly. He laughed and replied, “Yeah.” I attempted to explain that by calling a class gay when you mean to insult it implies that being gay is bad. He replied, “It is.” Some of our classmates around us began to defend him. I was confronted by a student who told me that it is “normal in society” to use ‘gay’ as an insult and that everyone does it. I fought, saying that just because it is normalized doesn’t mean it’s right. I replied saying, “Change is never made by accepting what society says is normal.” “Yeah, it is,” she told me. Seeing that I would not be able to convince her, I decided to not further an already lost battle. However, I knew that I did the right thing by at least trying. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I know that change can only be made by speaking out and by protesting. By allowing things to stay the way they are, society will never change for the better. A well-known and relevant example is that of Rosa Parks. The day that Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat was an important day in civil rights history. Simply by refusing to accept what was normal at the time–discrimination against people of color– Rosa Parks made a large impact in inspiring others to do the same until tangible changes like the Civil Rights Act were made.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I remember that day, as I tried to stand up for what I believed in, one of my friends looked at me and said, “Anoushka, stop.” Stop. Why would I stop? How could I just stop standing up for what I believed in, and for what was right? Of course, whenever you advocate for change, you are met with resistance and people telling you to just give up. And often times, this can come from even the people that you trusted most. However, in the words of author J. K. Rowling, “It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends.” And so, I looked her straight in the eyes and said, “No.” No, I will not stop. No, I will not back down. No, I will not give up in advocating for change. No, I will not stop standing up for what I know is right. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though it may seem cliche, it’s true that even the smallest act of defiance against what is truly wrong can have the biggest effect. It takes courage to look someone in the eyes and say “No.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Have you ever experienced a situation with classmates or friends where you wanted to speak about something you felt was wrong? How did you react?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn more…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AUDIO:\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/04/05/522718288/fighting-hate-in-schools\"> Fighting Hate In Schools\u003c/a> (NPR)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hate crimes saw a spike after November’s election, and middle and high schools saw a high number of them. What’s happening and how are administrators responding?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WEBSITE: \u003ca href=\"https://www.raceforward.org/practice/tools/drop-i-word-campaign\">Drop The I-Word Campaign\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/little-meaningful-change-hollywood-diversity-report-n644031\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>(Colorlines/Race Forward)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this campaign launched in 2010, Race Forward seeks to eliminate the use of the word “illegal” from conversations about immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>GUIDE: \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/53b48ddce4b042f160c7405f/t/53e2b618e4b00cf957654ec9/1407366680304/Speak+Up+abridged_2014_SoC_web.pdf\">Speak Up! Responding To Everyday Bigotry\u003c/a> (Teaching Tolerance)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003cb>\u003ci>“I know that change can only be made by speaking out…”\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let’s face it: people can be mean. In our online culture, bullying and name calling is rampant, and, naturally, that behavior seeps into our school environments. In response, some campaigns have been launched to spread awareness to end the use of harmful words. For example, the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.r-word.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> R-Word campaign\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> aims “to spread the word to end the word” when it comes to using the term “retard”.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you feel comfortable speaking up to your classmates and friends? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More recently, since the presidential election, bullying attitudes of some students were emboldened, taking of the form of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/11/schools-racism-trump-effect-harassment-bullying\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">hate speech and vandalism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While on a day-to-day basis, other actions may not be as extreme as the bigotry of racist slurs and symbols that go viral on the news, students are still confronted with harmful messages. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So what happens if the moment doesn’t make headlines? Or what if someone–maybe even a friend–repeats a widely used phrase? How do we feel about speaking up then?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this featured piece, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">freshman Anoushka Ambavanekar of Folsom, CA recalls a time when she chose to take a stand against a student who used the phrase, “that’s gay” to refer to something as “bad”. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Taking a Stand” by Anoushka Ambavanekar\u003c/h3>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Don’t be a bystander.” “Stand up for yourself and others.” “Make a change.” As students, we hear these things all the time, so often that they no longer have meaning. The words are drilled into us. We hear them and assure ourselves that we’re not bystanders, and that when it really comes to it, we are brave enough to make a change and advocate for what is right. But how many of us \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">do\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> stand up for what is right? And how many decide it’s a lost cause and take the easy route?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A recent event in one of my classes left me thinking about this. As a teacher assigned a piece of classwork, a classmate sitting next to me groaned and said, “This class is so gay.” “Did you have to use the word “gay” as an insult?”, I asked him disgustedly. He laughed and replied, “Yeah.” I attempted to explain that by calling a class gay when you mean to insult it implies that being gay is bad. He replied, “It is.” Some of our classmates around us began to defend him. I was confronted by a student who told me that it is “normal in society” to use ‘gay’ as an insult and that everyone does it. I fought, saying that just because it is normalized doesn’t mean it’s right. I replied saying, “Change is never made by accepting what society says is normal.” “Yeah, it is,” she told me. Seeing that I would not be able to convince her, I decided to not further an already lost battle. However, I knew that I did the right thing by at least trying. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I know that change can only be made by speaking out and by protesting. By allowing things to stay the way they are, society will never change for the better. A well-known and relevant example is that of Rosa Parks. The day that Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat was an important day in civil rights history. Simply by refusing to accept what was normal at the time–discrimination against people of color– Rosa Parks made a large impact in inspiring others to do the same until tangible changes like the Civil Rights Act were made.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I remember that day, as I tried to stand up for what I believed in, one of my friends looked at me and said, “Anoushka, stop.” Stop. Why would I stop? How could I just stop standing up for what I believed in, and for what was right? Of course, whenever you advocate for change, you are met with resistance and people telling you to just give up. And often times, this can come from even the people that you trusted most. However, in the words of author J. K. Rowling, “It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends.” And so, I looked her straight in the eyes and said, “No.” No, I will not stop. No, I will not back down. No, I will not give up in advocating for change. No, I will not stop standing up for what I know is right. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though it may seem cliche, it’s true that even the smallest act of defiance against what is truly wrong can have the biggest effect. It takes courage to look someone in the eyes and say “No.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Have you ever experienced a situation with classmates or friends where you wanted to speak about something you felt was wrong? How did you react?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn more…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AUDIO:\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/04/05/522718288/fighting-hate-in-schools\"> Fighting Hate In Schools\u003c/a> (NPR)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNmwvntMF5A?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent&w=640&h=390]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.” – Daniel Patrick Moynihan\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside>\n\u003cdiv>Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Can-You-Beat-Cognitive-Bias-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: How to\u003c/a>Source:: \u003ca title=\"QUIZ: How Good Are You At Detecting Bias? (with Lesson Plan)\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/09/confirmation-bias/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\r\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNmwvntMF5A?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent&w=640&h=390]\u003c/p>\r\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.” – Daniel Patrick Moynihan\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\r\n\u003cdiv>\r\n\u003caside>\u003cdiv>\u003cspan>\u003cspan>Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\r\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\r\n\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Can-You-Beat-Cognitive-Bias-lesson-plan.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: How to",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dNmwvntMF5A?version=3'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dNmwvntMF5A?version=3'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.” – Daniel Patrick Moynihan\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside>\n\u003cdiv>Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Can-You-Beat-Cognitive-Bias-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: How to\u003c/a>Source:: \u003ca title=\"QUIZ: How Good Are You At Detecting Bias? (with Lesson Plan)\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/09/confirmation-bias/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Do Undocumented Immigrants Pay Taxes? (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "Do Undocumented Immigrants Pay Taxes? (with Lesson Plan)",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/BgbF4unoUSI\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Undocumented immigrants and taxes (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Confirmation bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It's a common refrain among tough-on-immigration advocates that undocumented immigrants use up valuable public services while paying next to nothing in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the argument goes, this population of 11 million people living in the U.S. without legal status are essentially freeloading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, among others, has long espoused this view. As a candidate he told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1511/12/cg.02.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do you think an illegal immigrant getting money is going to be paying taxes? Sure, some probably do only because employers are insisting on it. But there's very little percentage wise very little, probably 5 percent, 10 percent. It's a very small amount pay taxes ... Look, they're here illegally. They're not paying taxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface, the claim seems plausible. This is a population that largely lives in the shadows. And it's fair to assume that many undocumented workers are paid under the table, with little incentive to report their earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while this may be the case for some, it certainly does not hold true for the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, tax records show that the federal government receives billions of dollars each year from undocumented workers who pay income taxes and payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 alone, more than 3 million undocumented workers contributed as much as $13 billion to Social Security, even though most won’t be eligible to receive those retirement benefits, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/pdf_notes/note151.pdf\">Social Security Administration\u003c/a> report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many undocumented workers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/09/undocumented-immigrants-and-taxes/499604/\">fake Social Security cards\u003c/a> that they show their employers, who in turn submit W-2 forms and federal tax payments on their behalf. Even if the Social Security numbers don’t actually link to anyone on file, the government gladly accepts the payroll taxes it receives, no questions asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We estimate that earnings by unauthorized immigrants result in a net positive effect on Social Security financial status generally, and that this effect contributed roughly $12 billion to the cash flow of the program for 2010,” the report concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large number of undocumented workers without Social Security numbers also pay federal income taxes through an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, or ITIN, that the Internal Revenue Service issues regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the IRS received \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/20-Immigration%20and%20Taxation.pdf\">$9 billion\u003c/a> in payroll taxes from about \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/677548.pdf\">4 million people \u003c/a>filing ITINs, the vast majority of whom were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to federal tax contributions, the undocumented population also contributes a sizeable portion of state and local taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/05/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\"> report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy found that undocumented immigrants in 2013 also contributed an estimated $11.6 billion in taxes to state and local governments, mostly through sales and property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/9iKKbujuihY\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BgbF4unoUSI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BgbF4unoUSI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Undocumented immigrants and taxes (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Confirmation bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It's a common refrain among tough-on-immigration advocates that undocumented immigrants use up valuable public services while paying next to nothing in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the argument goes, this population of 11 million people living in the U.S. without legal status are essentially freeloading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, among others, has long espoused this view. As a candidate he told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1511/12/cg.02.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do you think an illegal immigrant getting money is going to be paying taxes? Sure, some probably do only because employers are insisting on it. But there's very little percentage wise very little, probably 5 percent, 10 percent. It's a very small amount pay taxes ... Look, they're here illegally. They're not paying taxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface, the claim seems plausible. This is a population that largely lives in the shadows. And it's fair to assume that many undocumented workers are paid under the table, with little incentive to report their earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while this may be the case for some, it certainly does not hold true for the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, tax records show that the federal government receives billions of dollars each year from undocumented workers who pay income taxes and payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 alone, more than 3 million undocumented workers contributed as much as $13 billion to Social Security, even though most won’t be eligible to receive those retirement benefits, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/pdf_notes/note151.pdf\">Social Security Administration\u003c/a> report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many undocumented workers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/09/undocumented-immigrants-and-taxes/499604/\">fake Social Security cards\u003c/a> that they show their employers, who in turn submit W-2 forms and federal tax payments on their behalf. Even if the Social Security numbers don’t actually link to anyone on file, the government gladly accepts the payroll taxes it receives, no questions asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We estimate that earnings by unauthorized immigrants result in a net positive effect on Social Security financial status generally, and that this effect contributed roughly $12 billion to the cash flow of the program for 2010,” the report concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large number of undocumented workers without Social Security numbers also pay federal income taxes through an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, or ITIN, that the Internal Revenue Service issues regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the IRS received \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/20-Immigration%20and%20Taxation.pdf\">$9 billion\u003c/a> in payroll taxes from about \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/677548.pdf\">4 million people \u003c/a>filing ITINs, the vast majority of whom were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to federal tax contributions, the undocumented population also contributes a sizeable portion of state and local taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/05/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\"> report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy found that undocumented immigrants in 2013 also contributed an estimated $11.6 billion in taxes to state and local governments, mostly through sales and property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9iKKbujuihY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9iKKbujuihY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nDid you hear that Pope Francis endorsed Donald Trump for president?\u003cbr>\nOr that \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/http:/www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/\">Hillary Clinton sold weapons to ISIS\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/Fake-news-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: How to Fight Fake News (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Crazy, right?\u003cbr>\nAnd … 100 percent false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you were one of the millions of people drawn to a bogus headline in your Facebook feed -- or other social media platform of choice -- and found yourself reading an article on what seemed like a legitimate news site (something like, say, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/http:/www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/\">The Political Insider\u003c/a>, which “reported” the Clinton-ISIS story), then why wouldn’t you believe it? I mean, people you supposedly trust shared it with you and it ranked high in the Google search. How could it be made-up information?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of “fake news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Digital deception\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It comes as little surprise that the web is chock full of commercial click-bait hoaxes: get-rich-quick schemes, free Caribbean cruises, erectile dysfunction treatments ... you name it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as it turns out, the internet is also teeming with bogus information sites that masquerade as real news. And in the run-up to the 2016 election, many of these hoax news posts spread like wildfire. [Snopes, a fact-checking site, maintains \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/\">a comprehensive and growing list of fake news outlets\u003c/a>.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump's contempt for \"the mainstream media,\" an industry he uniformly dismisses as a corrupt, lying \"bunch of phony lowlifes,\" has further obscured the boundaries between fact and fiction. So, too, has his use of Twitter to widely disseminate unsubstantiated allegations and, on numerous occasions, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/personalities/donald-trump/statements/byruling/false/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">downright falsehoods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even President Obama weighed in (while still president), assailing the rapid accumulation of fake news as a \"dust cloud of nonsense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we are not serious about facts, if we can't discriminate between serious arguments and propaganda, than we have problems,\" he said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/17/barack-obama-fake-news-facebook-social-media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent press conference\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fake news, real profit, serious consequences\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In fact, a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook?utm_term=.de3beM1nN#.kikAXPpjm\">BuzzFeed News\u003c/a> analysis of election-related web articles published in the three months before Election Day found that the 20 most popular fake news stories generated significantly more engagement on Facebook (shares, reactions, comments) than did the top 20 real news stories from major news outlets like the Washington Post and New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, the more engagement, the more ad revenue; a major financial incentive for unethical folks with overactive imaginations to whip up ever more outlandish, attention-grabbing conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the analysis, the majority of the most popular and prolific purveyors of fake news -- websites like \u003ca href=\"http://endingthefed.com/\">Ending the Fed\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.infowars.com\">InfoWars\u003c/a> -- are either full-on hoax sites or “hyperpartisan” right-wing platforms that creatively obscure the truth (a handful of left-wing sites were also in the mix).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?attachment_id=24721\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-24721\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3.jpg\" alt=\"sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3.jpg 625w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homepage of \"Ending the Fed,\" a \"hyperpartisan\" right-wing website chock full of fake news stories.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strangely, BuzzFeed also found \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo\">more than 100 U.S. politics websites\u003c/a> run out of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, usually authored by web-savvy, entrepreneurial young people -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo?utm_term=.uoNgBO3Qr#.llVwaxWvM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including teenagers\u003c/a> -- trying to make a fast buck by creatively duping American media consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent notably viral fake news headline espoused an utterly baseless conspiracy theory that a Washington, D.C. family-friendly pizza place was actually a front for a child sex ring run by Hillary Clinton's campaign manager. Michael Flynn, Jr., son of retired U.S. Army Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn -- Trump's pick for national security adviser, and a Clinton-related conspiracy theorist himself -- further promoted the story, while serving on Trump's transition team, by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=805611056009768960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sharing it\u003c/a> with his thousands of Twitter followers. The younger Flynn has since been removed from the transition team due to his aggressive trolling habit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bogus rumor, which became known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2016/dec/05/how-pizzagate-went-fake-news-real-problem-dc-busin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pizzagate\u003c/a>, had some serious ramifications when a man armed with an assault rifle \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2016/12/04/d-c-police-respond-to-report-of-a-man-with-a-gun-at-comet-ping-pong-restaurant/?utm_term=.da23f8cb9a1d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entered the restaurant\u003c/a> on Sunday, Dec. 4 and fired several shots in what he later told police was an attempt to \"self-investigate\" the claim (there were no reported injuries).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And no, you really can't make this stuff up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To what degree the overall proliferation of fake news affected the election results remains unclear. But it almost certainly did have some impact, particularly on undecided voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After initially deflecting criticism that his company bore some level of responsibility for the dramatic spread of political misinformation, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271\">published a post\u003c/a> (on Facebook, of course) less than a week after the election, stating: “We have already launched work enabling our community to flag hoaxes and fake news, and there is more we can do here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, both Google and Facebook \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-alphabet-advertising-idUSKBN1392MM\">announced\u003c/a> new efforts to prevent identifiable fake news sites from using their respective advertising networks to generate revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fake news is nothing new\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Fake news \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/11/fake-news-media-facebook-214459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has long had a presence in\u003c/a> America's media landscape: Since the colonial period, various news outlets have played fast and loose with the truth for commercial or political gain. A particularly notorious era of journalistic misinformation emerged in the 1890s when competing newspapers owned by rival media titans William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer fought mercilessly for the attention of readers by liberally embellishing stories to sell more papers, a style that became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yellow journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the sheer volume of information at our fingertips (and thumbs) today, and the ease with which we can inadvertently spread falsehoods with the simple click of a \"share\" button, puts us in uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Impressionable young minds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Young people are among the most vulnerable and impressionable consumers of this kind of misinformation, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://sheg.stanford.edu/upload/V3LessonPlans/Executive%20Summary%2011.21.16.pdf\">recently released study \u003c/a>by Stanford’s History Education Group. Researchers collected nearly 8,000 responses from middle school, high school and college students -- aka \"digital natives\" -- around the country who were asked to evaluate online information presented in tweets, comments and articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, young people’s ability to reason about the information on the Internet can be summed up in one word: \u003cem>bleak\u003c/em>,\" the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our 'digital natives' may be able to flit between Facebook and Twitter while simultaneously uploading a selfie to Instagram and texting a friend. But when it comes to evaluating information that flows through social media channels, they are easily duped.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers were consistently \"shocked\" by the number of students who couldn’t effectively evaluate the credibility of the information they were presented with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/UYc-hd1QSwA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 80 percent of middle schoolers in the study believed that “native ads” resembling articles were actually real news stories, even though they were labeled “sponsored content.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school students were asked to evaluate a post from a popular image-sharing site featuring a picture of unusually formed daisies and titled \"Fukushima Nuclear Flowers: Not much more to say, this is what happens when flowers get nuclear birth defects.\" Despite the complete lack of attribution or evidence, most students accepted the picture at face value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"imgur-embed-pub\" lang=\"en\" data-id=\"a/BZWWx\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"//imgur.com/BZWWx\">Fukushima Nuclear Flowers\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript src=\"//s.imgur.com/min/embed.js\" async=\"\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They didn't ask where it came from. They didn't verify it. They simply accepted the picture as fact,\" Sam Wineburg, a history and education professor at Stanford University, and the lead author of the study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/23/503129818/study-finds-students-have-dismaying-inability-to-tell-fake-news-from-real\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told NPR\u003c/a> in a recent interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the high school students in the study also couldn't tell the difference between real and fake news sources in their Facebook feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, most college students in the study didn't suspect any kind of bias in a tweet from a left-leaning activist group that cited a public opinion survey on gun ownership and background checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>New polling shows the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NRA\">@NRA\u003c/a> is out of touch with gun owners and their own members \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/wm6weuaCbd\">https://t.co/wm6weuaCbd\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/NRAfail?src=hash\">#NRAfail\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/y4K4r5EcYX\">pic.twitter.com/y4K4r5EcYX\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— MoveOn.org (@MoveOn) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MoveOn/status/666772893846675456\">November 18, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It's incumbent on educators, the study authors note, to show students how to be more discerning about the information they consume. In other words, how to identify fact from fiction and not to be a sucker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the only way we can deal with these kinds of issues are through educational programs and recognizing that the kinds of things that we worry about, the ability to determine what is reliable and not reliable, that is the new basic skill in our society,” said Wineburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along those lines, WNYC's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/otm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Media\u003c/a> made this nifty cheat sheet, which combined with an array of excellent, non-partisan political \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailydot.com/layer8/best-fact-checking-websites/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fact-check sites\u003c/a>, provide the necessary tools to weed out the fake and focus on what's really going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-24720 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png\" alt=\"otm_consumer_handbook_fakenewsedition_800\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-768x768.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-520x520.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.wnyc.org/widgets/ondemand_player/otm/#file=/audio/json/684562/&share=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"130\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nDid you hear that Pope Francis endorsed Donald Trump for president?\u003cbr>\nOr that \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/http:/www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/\">Hillary Clinton sold weapons to ISIS\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/Fake-news-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: How to Fight Fake News (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Crazy, right?\u003cbr>\nAnd … 100 percent false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you were one of the millions of people drawn to a bogus headline in your Facebook feed -- or other social media platform of choice -- and found yourself reading an article on what seemed like a legitimate news site (something like, say, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/http:/www.thepoliticalinsider.com/wikileaks-confirms-hillary-sold-weapons-isis-drops-another-bombshell-breaking-news/\">The Political Insider\u003c/a>, which “reported” the Clinton-ISIS story), then why wouldn’t you believe it? I mean, people you supposedly trust shared it with you and it ranked high in the Google search. How could it be made-up information?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of “fake news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Digital deception\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It comes as little surprise that the web is chock full of commercial click-bait hoaxes: get-rich-quick schemes, free Caribbean cruises, erectile dysfunction treatments ... you name it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as it turns out, the internet is also teeming with bogus information sites that masquerade as real news. And in the run-up to the 2016 election, many of these hoax news posts spread like wildfire. [Snopes, a fact-checking site, maintains \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/\">a comprehensive and growing list of fake news outlets\u003c/a>.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump's contempt for \"the mainstream media,\" an industry he uniformly dismisses as a corrupt, lying \"bunch of phony lowlifes,\" has further obscured the boundaries between fact and fiction. So, too, has his use of Twitter to widely disseminate unsubstantiated allegations and, on numerous occasions, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/personalities/donald-trump/statements/byruling/false/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">downright falsehoods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even President Obama weighed in (while still president), assailing the rapid accumulation of fake news as a \"dust cloud of nonsense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we are not serious about facts, if we can't discriminate between serious arguments and propaganda, than we have problems,\" he said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/17/barack-obama-fake-news-facebook-social-media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent press conference\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fake news, real profit, serious consequences\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In fact, a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook?utm_term=.de3beM1nN#.kikAXPpjm\">BuzzFeed News\u003c/a> analysis of election-related web articles published in the three months before Election Day found that the 20 most popular fake news stories generated significantly more engagement on Facebook (shares, reactions, comments) than did the top 20 real news stories from major news outlets like the Washington Post and New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, the more engagement, the more ad revenue; a major financial incentive for unethical folks with overactive imaginations to whip up ever more outlandish, attention-grabbing conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the analysis, the majority of the most popular and prolific purveyors of fake news -- websites like \u003ca href=\"http://endingthefed.com/\">Ending the Fed\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.infowars.com\">InfoWars\u003c/a> -- are either full-on hoax sites or “hyperpartisan” right-wing platforms that creatively obscure the truth (a handful of left-wing sites were also in the mix).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?attachment_id=24721\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-24721\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3.jpg\" alt=\"sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3.jpg 625w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/sub-buzz-23811-1479240316-3-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homepage of \"Ending the Fed,\" a \"hyperpartisan\" right-wing website chock full of fake news stories.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strangely, BuzzFeed also found \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo\">more than 100 U.S. politics websites\u003c/a> run out of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, usually authored by web-savvy, entrepreneurial young people -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo?utm_term=.uoNgBO3Qr#.llVwaxWvM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including teenagers\u003c/a> -- trying to make a fast buck by creatively duping American media consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent notably viral fake news headline espoused an utterly baseless conspiracy theory that a Washington, D.C. family-friendly pizza place was actually a front for a child sex ring run by Hillary Clinton's campaign manager. Michael Flynn, Jr., son of retired U.S. Army Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn -- Trump's pick for national security adviser, and a Clinton-related conspiracy theorist himself -- further promoted the story, while serving on Trump's transition team, by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=805611056009768960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sharing it\u003c/a> with his thousands of Twitter followers. The younger Flynn has since been removed from the transition team due to his aggressive trolling habit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bogus rumor, which became known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2016/dec/05/how-pizzagate-went-fake-news-real-problem-dc-busin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pizzagate\u003c/a>, had some serious ramifications when a man armed with an assault rifle \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2016/12/04/d-c-police-respond-to-report-of-a-man-with-a-gun-at-comet-ping-pong-restaurant/?utm_term=.da23f8cb9a1d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entered the restaurant\u003c/a> on Sunday, Dec. 4 and fired several shots in what he later told police was an attempt to \"self-investigate\" the claim (there were no reported injuries).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And no, you really can't make this stuff up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To what degree the overall proliferation of fake news affected the election results remains unclear. But it almost certainly did have some impact, particularly on undecided voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After initially deflecting criticism that his company bore some level of responsibility for the dramatic spread of political misinformation, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271\">published a post\u003c/a> (on Facebook, of course) less than a week after the election, stating: “We have already launched work enabling our community to flag hoaxes and fake news, and there is more we can do here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, both Google and Facebook \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-alphabet-advertising-idUSKBN1392MM\">announced\u003c/a> new efforts to prevent identifiable fake news sites from using their respective advertising networks to generate revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Fake news is nothing new\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Fake news \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/11/fake-news-media-facebook-214459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has long had a presence in\u003c/a> America's media landscape: Since the colonial period, various news outlets have played fast and loose with the truth for commercial or political gain. A particularly notorious era of journalistic misinformation emerged in the 1890s when competing newspapers owned by rival media titans William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer fought mercilessly for the attention of readers by liberally embellishing stories to sell more papers, a style that became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yellow journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the sheer volume of information at our fingertips (and thumbs) today, and the ease with which we can inadvertently spread falsehoods with the simple click of a \"share\" button, puts us in uncharted territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Impressionable young minds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Young people are among the most vulnerable and impressionable consumers of this kind of misinformation, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://sheg.stanford.edu/upload/V3LessonPlans/Executive%20Summary%2011.21.16.pdf\">recently released study \u003c/a>by Stanford’s History Education Group. Researchers collected nearly 8,000 responses from middle school, high school and college students -- aka \"digital natives\" -- around the country who were asked to evaluate online information presented in tweets, comments and articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, young people’s ability to reason about the information on the Internet can be summed up in one word: \u003cem>bleak\u003c/em>,\" the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our 'digital natives' may be able to flit between Facebook and Twitter while simultaneously uploading a selfie to Instagram and texting a friend. But when it comes to evaluating information that flows through social media channels, they are easily duped.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers were consistently \"shocked\" by the number of students who couldn’t effectively evaluate the credibility of the information they were presented with.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/UYc-hd1QSwA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/UYc-hd1QSwA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 80 percent of middle schoolers in the study believed that “native ads” resembling articles were actually real news stories, even though they were labeled “sponsored content.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school students were asked to evaluate a post from a popular image-sharing site featuring a picture of unusually formed daisies and titled \"Fukushima Nuclear Flowers: Not much more to say, this is what happens when flowers get nuclear birth defects.\" Despite the complete lack of attribution or evidence, most students accepted the picture at face value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"imgur-embed-pub\" lang=\"en\" data-id=\"a/BZWWx\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"//imgur.com/BZWWx\">Fukushima Nuclear Flowers\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript src=\"//s.imgur.com/min/embed.js\" async=\"\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They didn't ask where it came from. They didn't verify it. They simply accepted the picture as fact,\" Sam Wineburg, a history and education professor at Stanford University, and the lead author of the study, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/23/503129818/study-finds-students-have-dismaying-inability-to-tell-fake-news-from-real\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told NPR\u003c/a> in a recent interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the high school students in the study also couldn't tell the difference between real and fake news sources in their Facebook feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, most college students in the study didn't suspect any kind of bias in a tweet from a left-leaning activist group that cited a public opinion survey on gun ownership and background checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>New polling shows the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NRA\">@NRA\u003c/a> is out of touch with gun owners and their own members \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/wm6weuaCbd\">https://t.co/wm6weuaCbd\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/NRAfail?src=hash\">#NRAfail\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/y4K4r5EcYX\">pic.twitter.com/y4K4r5EcYX\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— MoveOn.org (@MoveOn) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MoveOn/status/666772893846675456\">November 18, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It's incumbent on educators, the study authors note, to show students how to be more discerning about the information they consume. In other words, how to identify fact from fiction and not to be a sucker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the only way we can deal with these kinds of issues are through educational programs and recognizing that the kinds of things that we worry about, the ability to determine what is reliable and not reliable, that is the new basic skill in our society,” said Wineburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along those lines, WNYC's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/shows/otm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Media\u003c/a> made this nifty cheat sheet, which combined with an array of excellent, non-partisan political \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailydot.com/layer8/best-fact-checking-websites/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fact-check sites\u003c/a>, provide the necessary tools to weed out the fake and focus on what's really going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-24720 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png\" alt=\"otm_consumer_handbook_fakenewsedition_800\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-768x768.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-520x520.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/OTM_Consumer_Handbook_FakeNewsEdition_800-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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