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"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Tuwci-u-cyQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confused about what grand juries do and how they work? You're probably not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After three months of testimony, an Ohio grand jury on Monday declined to indict the two Cleveland police officers involved in the 2014 fatal shooting of 12-year-old Tamir Rice. The decision means that the officers will not face criminal charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rice, who was black, was shot and killed last November while playing with a fake gun outside a Cleveland recreation center, an incident that drew fierce community protests and calls for justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was NOT the grand jury's responsibility to determine whether the two officers -- the one who fired the gun and his partner -- were guilty of committing a crime. Rather, the jury was solely asked to determine if the evidence presented by the county prosecutor was solid enough (\"probable cause\") to even justify criminal charges (the \"indictment\"). If the jury had determined there was enough evidence to do so, the officers would then be tried in a criminal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the jury decided that the shooting was the product of human error, which did not indicate criminal action. In other words, there was not sufficient probable cause to charge the officers with a crime. And that means no criminal trial for the two officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Simply put, given this perfect storm of human error, mistakes and miscommunications by all involved that day, the evidence did not indicate criminal conduct by police,\" Cuyahoga County prosecutor Timothy McGinty told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the latest in a series of highly controversial grand jury decisions in the past two years that have exonerated police officers involved in the deaths of unarmed black men. That said, the following is an effort to explain the surprisingly complicated grand jury process\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Disclaimer: This post is \u003cem>really\u003c/em> long -- a whole lot of sweet, sweet text -- I suggest you use the chapter links below to get through it in stages.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">What's a grand jury supposed to do?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier2\">What is standard grand jury procedure?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier4\">Are grand juries required in criminal cases?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier5\">Is it common for grand juries to return indictments?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier6\">Why are police suspects so rarely indicted?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier7\">Is the Rice case completely over?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What is a grand jury supposed to do?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although the specific functions of grand juries differ from state to state, most hear evidence presented by a prosecutor and decide if that evidence is solid enough (probable cause) to charge a suspect with a felony (the indictment). If so, the case goes to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>California's Watchdog Grand Juries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of California's county-based grand juries serve a primarily civil function. While prosecutors sometimes use them for criminal cases, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/civilgrandjury.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state's grand juries\u003c/a> are more commonly called on to investigate the operations of local government agencies or officials, including citizen complaints and allegations of corrupt or willful misconduct in office. Findings are presented in a written report that must be responded to by the government entity in question. California is one of only a handful of states with grand juries that serve this watchdog role.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>One way to think of the grand jury is as a screening process to determine if a trial is even necessary. But keep in mind that it's NOT a trial itself. There's no judge in the room, no defense lawyer, no formal cross-examination and -- perhaps most widely misunderstood about the process -- no actual verdict. Unlike a standard 12-member trial jury (formally known as a \"petit jury\"), a grand jury is not tasked with determining guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Rather, it is responsible for deciding whether enough evidence exists to justify a trial in the first place. In other words, is there probable cause to charge the potential defendant with a crime?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the grand juries in the the Michael Brown and Eric Garner cases, the Ohio grand jury in the Tamir Rice case was not tasked with deciding if a crime did or did not occur. They were simply asked to determine if the evidence presented to them was strong enough to charge the police officers in question with a felony (murder or manslaughter) and go forward with a criminal trial.They determined that it was not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Landay, a former assistant district attorney in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, explains it nicely in his 2013 novel, \"\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/defending-jacob-william-landay/1100572462?ean=9780345533661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Defending Jacob\u003c/a>\":\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A grand jury proceeding is not a trial. There's no judge in the room and no defense lawyer. The prosecutor runs the show. It is an investigation and in theory a check on the prosecutor's power since the grand jury decides if the prosecutor has enough evidence to haul the suspect into court for trial. If there is enough evidence, the grand jury grants the prosecutor an indictment ... If not, they return a no bill.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier2\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What is standard grand jury procedure?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although grand jury rules and proceedings vary by jurisdiction, most state grand juries follow a fairly standard format (although \u003ca href=\"http://campus.udayton.edu/~grandjur/fedj/fedj.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal grand juries\u003c/a> have a few unique elements, they run similarly). As the name implies, grand jurors are generally bigger than 12-member trial juries (hence: \"grand\" vs. \"petit\"), from as few as 12 (in Missouri) to as many as 23 (in New York). Grand jury members are usually chosen at random from the regular juror pool without a formal screening process. They are \"standing\" jurors, meaning that they typically serve long terms on an intermittent, on-call basis, often hearing multiple cases over many months. So, unlike trial juries, grand jurors are not typically vetted and handpicked for a specific case. The grand jury in the Michael Brown case, for instance, was selected in May -- long before the incident occurred -- and for the proceedings convened 25 times over a three-month period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, the only people in the grand jury room are the jurors, the prosecutors, and one or two witnesses — usually the reporting officer and the victim (if there is one). Additional witnesses and evidence can be presented in more complex cases, although the targets of an investigation (the suspects) rarely make an appearance. In some jurisdictions -- including Missouri -- grand jurors can directly question witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of a judge, the prosecutor is the presiding officer. He or she runs the show, and is responsible for instructing the jury on the law. Critics of the process argue that this factor can be particularly problematic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although grand jurors aren't sequestered during deliberation, the proceedings are secretive, completely closed to the public and the defense counsel. The transcript also usually remains sealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the grand jury hears the evidence, the prosecutor typically presents jurors with one or more criminal charges to consider (i.e., first-degree murder, involuntary manslaughter, etc.). The jury must then decide if there is \"probable cause\" to indict the suspect on one of those charges. In other words: Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the accused person probably (although not definitely) committed the crime? In legal-speak, the jury returns either a \"true bill\" or \"no true bill\" of indictment; the latter is a dismissal of all charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, unlike trial juries, a grand jury's decision does not need to be unanimous. Rules \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsc.org/Topics/Jury/Grand-Juries/State-Links\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vary by state\u003c/a>, but usually some kind of super-majority of jurors (two-thirds or three-fourths) is needed to return an indictment. In New York, a bare majority of only 12 jurors (out of 23) is required. Conversely, in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsc.org/Topics/Jury/Grand-Juries/State-Links.aspx#Ohio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohio\u003c/a> a consensus of seven out of nine jurors are necessary to return an indictment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/y7thxae0AFM\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier4\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are grand juries required in criminal cases?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No. Although a federal grand jury indictment before trial is required under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/fifth_amendment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fifth Amendment\u003c/a> of the U.S. Constitution, the mandate applies only to federal cases, not state-level prosecutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As such, non-federal grand jury procedures are determined on a state-by-state basis, and while most states have some grand jury provision, fewer than half actually require it (a \u003ca href=\"http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/preliminary-hearing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary hearing\u003c/a> is a common alternative). In fact, grand jury procedures are required in neither Missouri nor New York. The decision to have one is generally at the discretion of the prosecutor. Grand juries date back to medieval English common law. They were established as part of the legal systems of former colonies throughout the United Kingdom. Interestingly, though, England abolished its grand jury system in 1933, and virtually all of its former colonies followed suit. The United States stands alone in continuing to use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier5\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is it common for grand juries to return indictments?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Extremely common. Grand juries almost always do what the prosecutor advises. This is largely because finding probable cause is generally a pretty low bar. As the U.S. Supreme Court wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/kaley-v-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent ruling, \u003c/a>probable cause requires only the \"'kind of 'fair probability' on which reasonable and prudent [people,] not legal technicians, act.\"'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A common criticism of the grand jury process is that it is essentially -- in most cases -- a rubber stamp for prosecutors. Using Bureau of Justice Statistics data, the news site \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/ferguson-michael-brown-indictment-darren-wilson/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">FiveThirtyEight \u003c/a>found that federal grand juries declined to return an indictment in 11 of the 162,000 cases that U.S. attorneys prosecuted in 2010. That's a no-indictment rate of less than .007 percent. Keep in mind that this figure applies to federal cases -- aggregate data for state grand jury decisions is harder to come by -- so the numbers aren't directly comparable, but it does give a sense of how rare a no true bill is in any type of grand jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former New York state \u003ca href=\"https://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/luminaries-court-appeals/wachtler-sol.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Chief Judge Sol Wachtler\u003c/span>\u003c/a> famously remarked that a prosecutor could persuade a grand jury to “indict a ham sandwich.” (In an ironic twist of fate, Wachtler was later indicted on attempted kidnapping charges, and served 13 months in federal prison.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the one consistent exception to the success of grand jury indictments is when police officers are the potential defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier6\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why are police suspects so rarely indicted?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While there are not very good data on officer-involved killings, newspaper accounts suggest that grand juries frequently decline to indict law enforcement.officials. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/investigations/item/Bulletproof-Part-3-Hard-to-charge-24421.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Houston Chronicle investigation\u003c/span>\u003c/a> found that “police have been nearly immune from criminal charges in shootings” in Houston and other large cities in Texas. Grand juries haven’t indicted a Houston police officer since 2004. And in Dallas, of the 81 police shootings reviewed by Dallas grand juries from 2008 and 2012, only one police officer was indicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One argument is that the jury is often swayed by officer testimony, and is quick to give law enforcement officials the benefit of the doubt. There is also the strong potential for prosecutorial bias. In standard cases, the prosecutor is dependent on the assistance of police officers to gather evidence against a civilian suspect, and often works closely with local law enforcement to build the case. But in police shooting cases, the officer \u003cem>is\u003c/em> the suspect.The prosecutor may have less incentive in indicting a police officer and risk jeopardizing his or her relationship with the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, some legal experts argue that police shooting cases should be run by specially appointed outside prosecutors rather than district attorneys in an effort to avoid conflict of interest and questions of fairness in the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, protesters demanded that St. Louis County Prosecuting Attorney Robert McCulloch recuse himself from running the Michael Brown grand jury investigation. McCulloch's father was a St. Louis police officer who was shot and killed in the line of duty in 1964, allegedly by a black man. Additionally, McCulloch's history of police prosecutions reveals a tend of leniency. On a least four previous occasions, his office has presented evidence to a grand jury about police officers who killed suspects in the line of duty, according to an analysis by \u003ca href=\"http://molawyersmedia.com/2014/09/08/background-check-looking-at-mccullochs-prosecution-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Missouri Lawyers Weekly\u003c/a>. None of the officers in those cases was indicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the biggest hurdle to an indictment is the law itself. The \u003ca href=\"http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/deadly-force-what-does-law-say-about-when-police-are-allowed-use-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Supreme Court\u003c/a> justifies the use of deadly force if an officer has a reasonable fear of harm, and most state laws give police pretty wide discretion to use whatever kind of force they believe necessary to protect themselves and to arrest a suspect they believe to be dangerous. These laws largely hinge on an officer's own perception of danger in the heat of the moment. And that significantly raises the bar for an indictment: If an officer can effectively express remorse during testimony and persuade a grand jury that he perceived a deadly threat, than the chances of getting charged drop significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003cem>Editor's note: The following video does a nice job explaining the challenge of indicting police officers. It does, however, convey a certain viewpoint that we neither endorse nor reject.\u003c/em>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/OCBwjFFpNik\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier7\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So is the Tamir Rice case completely over?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Not quite. Cleveland police officials will still conduct an administrative review of the shooting, which could result in disciplinary action against the involved officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also an ongoing U.S. Justice Department investigation into whether the officers' willfully violated the victim's civil rights. The burden of proof for bringing federal charges, however, is very high, and unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rice's family has also filed last December wrongful death civil lawsuit against the City of Cleveland and the two officers involved, which could result in a monetary reward.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/28/461293703/grand-jury-declines-to-indict-police-officers-in-tamir-rice-investigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/28/461293703/grand-jury-declines-to-indict-police-officers-in-tamir-rice-investigation\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2014/november2014/Facts-on-Ferguson-Grand-Jury\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2014/november2014/Facts-on-Ferguson-Grand-Jury\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2014/december2014/garner-grand-jury-facts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2014/december2014/garner-grand-jury-facts\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://news.stlpublicradio.org/people/william-freivogel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://news.stlpublicradio.org/people/william-freivogel\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/08/nyregion/grand-juries-seldom-charge-police-officers-in-fatal-actions.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/08/nyregion/grand-juries-seldom-charge-police-officers-in-fatal-actions.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/how-does-a-grand-jury-work.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/how-does-a-grand-jury-work.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Tuwci-u-cyQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Tuwci-u-cyQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Confused about what grand juries do and how they work? You're probably not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After three months of testimony, an Ohio grand jury on Monday declined to indict the two Cleveland police officers involved in the 2014 fatal shooting of 12-year-old Tamir Rice. The decision means that the officers will not face criminal charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rice, who was black, was shot and killed last November while playing with a fake gun outside a Cleveland recreation center, an incident that drew fierce community protests and calls for justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was NOT the grand jury's responsibility to determine whether the two officers -- the one who fired the gun and his partner -- were guilty of committing a crime. Rather, the jury was solely asked to determine if the evidence presented by the county prosecutor was solid enough (\"probable cause\") to even justify criminal charges (the \"indictment\"). If the jury had determined there was enough evidence to do so, the officers would then be tried in a criminal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the jury decided that the shooting was the product of human error, which did not indicate criminal action. In other words, there was not sufficient probable cause to charge the officers with a crime. And that means no criminal trial for the two officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Simply put, given this perfect storm of human error, mistakes and miscommunications by all involved that day, the evidence did not indicate criminal conduct by police,\" Cuyahoga County prosecutor Timothy McGinty told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the latest in a series of highly controversial grand jury decisions in the past two years that have exonerated police officers involved in the deaths of unarmed black men. That said, the following is an effort to explain the surprisingly complicated grand jury process\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Disclaimer: This post is \u003cem>really\u003c/em> long -- a whole lot of sweet, sweet text -- I suggest you use the chapter links below to get through it in stages.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">What's a grand jury supposed to do?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier2\">What is standard grand jury procedure?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier4\">Are grand juries required in criminal cases?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier5\">Is it common for grand juries to return indictments?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier6\">Why are police suspects so rarely indicted?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier7\">Is the Rice case completely over?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What is a grand jury supposed to do?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although the specific functions of grand juries differ from state to state, most hear evidence presented by a prosecutor and decide if that evidence is solid enough (probable cause) to charge a suspect with a felony (the indictment). If so, the case goes to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>California's Watchdog Grand Juries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of California's county-based grand juries serve a primarily civil function. While prosecutors sometimes use them for criminal cases, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/civilgrandjury.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state's grand juries\u003c/a> are more commonly called on to investigate the operations of local government agencies or officials, including citizen complaints and allegations of corrupt or willful misconduct in office. Findings are presented in a written report that must be responded to by the government entity in question. California is one of only a handful of states with grand juries that serve this watchdog role.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>One way to think of the grand jury is as a screening process to determine if a trial is even necessary. But keep in mind that it's NOT a trial itself. There's no judge in the room, no defense lawyer, no formal cross-examination and -- perhaps most widely misunderstood about the process -- no actual verdict. Unlike a standard 12-member trial jury (formally known as a \"petit jury\"), a grand jury is not tasked with determining guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Rather, it is responsible for deciding whether enough evidence exists to justify a trial in the first place. In other words, is there probable cause to charge the potential defendant with a crime?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the grand juries in the the Michael Brown and Eric Garner cases, the Ohio grand jury in the Tamir Rice case was not tasked with deciding if a crime did or did not occur. They were simply asked to determine if the evidence presented to them was strong enough to charge the police officers in question with a felony (murder or manslaughter) and go forward with a criminal trial.They determined that it was not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Landay, a former assistant district attorney in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, explains it nicely in his 2013 novel, \"\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/defending-jacob-william-landay/1100572462?ean=9780345533661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Defending Jacob\u003c/a>\":\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A grand jury proceeding is not a trial. There's no judge in the room and no defense lawyer. The prosecutor runs the show. It is an investigation and in theory a check on the prosecutor's power since the grand jury decides if the prosecutor has enough evidence to haul the suspect into court for trial. If there is enough evidence, the grand jury grants the prosecutor an indictment ... If not, they return a no bill.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier2\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What is standard grand jury procedure?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although grand jury rules and proceedings vary by jurisdiction, most state grand juries follow a fairly standard format (although \u003ca href=\"http://campus.udayton.edu/~grandjur/fedj/fedj.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal grand juries\u003c/a> have a few unique elements, they run similarly). As the name implies, grand jurors are generally bigger than 12-member trial juries (hence: \"grand\" vs. \"petit\"), from as few as 12 (in Missouri) to as many as 23 (in New York). Grand jury members are usually chosen at random from the regular juror pool without a formal screening process. They are \"standing\" jurors, meaning that they typically serve long terms on an intermittent, on-call basis, often hearing multiple cases over many months. So, unlike trial juries, grand jurors are not typically vetted and handpicked for a specific case. The grand jury in the Michael Brown case, for instance, was selected in May -- long before the incident occurred -- and for the proceedings convened 25 times over a three-month period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, the only people in the grand jury room are the jurors, the prosecutors, and one or two witnesses — usually the reporting officer and the victim (if there is one). Additional witnesses and evidence can be presented in more complex cases, although the targets of an investigation (the suspects) rarely make an appearance. In some jurisdictions -- including Missouri -- grand jurors can directly question witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of a judge, the prosecutor is the presiding officer. He or she runs the show, and is responsible for instructing the jury on the law. Critics of the process argue that this factor can be particularly problematic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although grand jurors aren't sequestered during deliberation, the proceedings are secretive, completely closed to the public and the defense counsel. The transcript also usually remains sealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the grand jury hears the evidence, the prosecutor typically presents jurors with one or more criminal charges to consider (i.e., first-degree murder, involuntary manslaughter, etc.). The jury must then decide if there is \"probable cause\" to indict the suspect on one of those charges. In other words: Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the accused person probably (although not definitely) committed the crime? In legal-speak, the jury returns either a \"true bill\" or \"no true bill\" of indictment; the latter is a dismissal of all charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, unlike trial juries, a grand jury's decision does not need to be unanimous. Rules \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsc.org/Topics/Jury/Grand-Juries/State-Links\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vary by state\u003c/a>, but usually some kind of super-majority of jurors (two-thirds or three-fourths) is needed to return an indictment. In New York, a bare majority of only 12 jurors (out of 23) is required. Conversely, in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsc.org/Topics/Jury/Grand-Juries/State-Links.aspx#Ohio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohio\u003c/a> a consensus of seven out of nine jurors are necessary to return an indictment.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/y7thxae0AFM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/y7thxae0AFM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier4\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are grand juries required in criminal cases?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No. Although a federal grand jury indictment before trial is required under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/fifth_amendment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fifth Amendment\u003c/a> of the U.S. Constitution, the mandate applies only to federal cases, not state-level prosecutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As such, non-federal grand jury procedures are determined on a state-by-state basis, and while most states have some grand jury provision, fewer than half actually require it (a \u003ca href=\"http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/preliminary-hearing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary hearing\u003c/a> is a common alternative). In fact, grand jury procedures are required in neither Missouri nor New York. The decision to have one is generally at the discretion of the prosecutor. Grand juries date back to medieval English common law. They were established as part of the legal systems of former colonies throughout the United Kingdom. Interestingly, though, England abolished its grand jury system in 1933, and virtually all of its former colonies followed suit. The United States stands alone in continuing to use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier5\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is it common for grand juries to return indictments?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Extremely common. Grand juries almost always do what the prosecutor advises. This is largely because finding probable cause is generally a pretty low bar. As the U.S. Supreme Court wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/kaley-v-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent ruling, \u003c/a>probable cause requires only the \"'kind of 'fair probability' on which reasonable and prudent [people,] not legal technicians, act.\"'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A common criticism of the grand jury process is that it is essentially -- in most cases -- a rubber stamp for prosecutors. Using Bureau of Justice Statistics data, the news site \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/ferguson-michael-brown-indictment-darren-wilson/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">FiveThirtyEight \u003c/a>found that federal grand juries declined to return an indictment in 11 of the 162,000 cases that U.S. attorneys prosecuted in 2010. That's a no-indictment rate of less than .007 percent. Keep in mind that this figure applies to federal cases -- aggregate data for state grand jury decisions is harder to come by -- so the numbers aren't directly comparable, but it does give a sense of how rare a no true bill is in any type of grand jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former New York state \u003ca href=\"https://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/luminaries-court-appeals/wachtler-sol.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Chief Judge Sol Wachtler\u003c/span>\u003c/a> famously remarked that a prosecutor could persuade a grand jury to “indict a ham sandwich.” (In an ironic twist of fate, Wachtler was later indicted on attempted kidnapping charges, and served 13 months in federal prison.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the one consistent exception to the success of grand jury indictments is when police officers are the potential defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier6\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why are police suspects so rarely indicted?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While there are not very good data on officer-involved killings, newspaper accounts suggest that grand juries frequently decline to indict law enforcement.officials. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/investigations/item/Bulletproof-Part-3-Hard-to-charge-24421.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Houston Chronicle investigation\u003c/span>\u003c/a> found that “police have been nearly immune from criminal charges in shootings” in Houston and other large cities in Texas. Grand juries haven’t indicted a Houston police officer since 2004. And in Dallas, of the 81 police shootings reviewed by Dallas grand juries from 2008 and 2012, only one police officer was indicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One argument is that the jury is often swayed by officer testimony, and is quick to give law enforcement officials the benefit of the doubt. There is also the strong potential for prosecutorial bias. In standard cases, the prosecutor is dependent on the assistance of police officers to gather evidence against a civilian suspect, and often works closely with local law enforcement to build the case. But in police shooting cases, the officer \u003cem>is\u003c/em> the suspect.The prosecutor may have less incentive in indicting a police officer and risk jeopardizing his or her relationship with the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, some legal experts argue that police shooting cases should be run by specially appointed outside prosecutors rather than district attorneys in an effort to avoid conflict of interest and questions of fairness in the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, protesters demanded that St. Louis County Prosecuting Attorney Robert McCulloch recuse himself from running the Michael Brown grand jury investigation. McCulloch's father was a St. Louis police officer who was shot and killed in the line of duty in 1964, allegedly by a black man. Additionally, McCulloch's history of police prosecutions reveals a tend of leniency. On a least four previous occasions, his office has presented evidence to a grand jury about police officers who killed suspects in the line of duty, according to an analysis by \u003ca href=\"http://molawyersmedia.com/2014/09/08/background-check-looking-at-mccullochs-prosecution-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Missouri Lawyers Weekly\u003c/a>. None of the officers in those cases was indicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the biggest hurdle to an indictment is the law itself. The \u003ca href=\"http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/deadly-force-what-does-law-say-about-when-police-are-allowed-use-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Supreme Court\u003c/a> justifies the use of deadly force if an officer has a reasonable fear of harm, and most state laws give police pretty wide discretion to use whatever kind of force they believe necessary to protect themselves and to arrest a suspect they believe to be dangerous. These laws largely hinge on an officer's own perception of danger in the heat of the moment. And that significantly raises the bar for an indictment: If an officer can effectively express remorse during testimony and persuade a grand jury that he perceived a deadly threat, than the chances of getting charged drop significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003cem>Editor's note: The following video does a nice job explaining the challenge of indicting police officers. It does, however, convey a certain viewpoint that we neither endorse nor reject.\u003c/em>]\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/OCBwjFFpNik'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/OCBwjFFpNik'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier7\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So is the Tamir Rice case completely over?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Not quite. Cleveland police officials will still conduct an administrative review of the shooting, which could result in disciplinary action against the involved officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also an ongoing U.S. Justice Department investigation into whether the officers' willfully violated the victim's civil rights. The burden of proof for bringing federal charges, however, is very high, and unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rice's family has also filed last December wrongful death civil lawsuit against the City of Cleveland and the two officers involved, which could result in a monetary reward.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/28/461293703/grand-jury-declines-to-indict-police-officers-in-tamir-rice-investigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/28/461293703/grand-jury-declines-to-indict-police-officers-in-tamir-rice-investigation\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2014/november2014/Facts-on-Ferguson-Grand-Jury\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2014/november2014/Facts-on-Ferguson-Grand-Jury\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2014/december2014/garner-grand-jury-facts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2014/december2014/garner-grand-jury-facts\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://news.stlpublicradio.org/people/william-freivogel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://news.stlpublicradio.org/people/william-freivogel\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/08/nyregion/grand-juries-seldom-charge-police-officers-in-fatal-actions.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/08/nyregion/grand-juries-seldom-charge-police-officers-in-fatal-actions.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/how-does-a-grand-jury-work.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/how-does-a-grand-jury-work.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Race Gap in Bay Area Police Departments",
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"content": "\u003cp>Circles in the map below are scaled according to the number of sworn officers in each police department. As shown in the blue legend at bottom, the shade of each circle indicates the size of the race gap between the police force (sworn officers) and the population; the darker the circle, the larger the gap. General population demographics are sourced from the \u003ca href=\"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">2010 U.S. Census Bureau; \u003c/a>police force demographics are based on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=248\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Justice Statistics' police force questionnaire\u003c/a> from 2007 (see below the map for additional notes and methodology).\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: transparent;width: 620px;height: 700px;margin-top: -700px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://kariannemah.github.io/bay-area-police-map/\" width=\"620\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Darren Wilson, the police officer who shot and killed Michael Brown last August, was one of 50 white officers on Ferguson's 53-member police force. That's in a city with a two-thirds black population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide race gap between Ferguson's police force and its community is not unusual. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/09/03/us/the-race-gap-in-americas-police-departments.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times\u003c/a> analysis of 2007 government survey data on local police demographics found that hundreds of police forces across the country are more than 30 percentage points more white than the communities they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is no exception in many Bay Area cities. In our own analysis of data collected from the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics' police force questionnaire from 2007 -- the most recent comprehensive data available -- at least 10 cities in the region have police forces that are more than 30 percentage points more white than the general population of the communities they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's unclear to what degree police demographics affect community relations in specific cities -- as opposed to factors such as residency -- many law enforcement experts agree that more diverse police forces often gain greater credibility in the communities they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Police departments have struggled to achieve diversity for several decades now,\" says Justin McCrary, a professor of law at UC Berkeley who studies police demographics and is director of the \u003ca href=\"http://dlab.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">D-Lab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the major problems departments confront is hiring qualified applicants. Most are averse to putting any restrictions on their pool of applicants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues, though, that if more people in the community had a better awareness of the decent pay and excellent benefits that come with most law enforcement positions, the diversity and size of the hiring pool would likely increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Enlisting the support of community leaders really helps police departments bridge that gap, particularly when a department is struggling with community relations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Notes:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- Data for each police department, except Hayward, was derived from the 2007 Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) survey, the most recent comprehensive data available (although some police force ranks have likely changed since then). Only cities that participated in the survey are included. \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p4EMqtyiedo4c5KBVz0jdHdRsqlICn78m8rfTgh-HHU/edit#gid=957119660\" target=\"_blank\">View the data set here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- Individuals enumerated in the BJS survey as American Indian or Alaskan, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, two or more races, and \"Other\" are combined here as \"Other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- In five of the 28 police departments, the race or ethnicity of some officers was unknown. For each of the five departments, this group comprised less than 5% of the total police force. These officers are included here as \"Other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- Racial demographic data on the Hayward Police Department was not provided in the BJS survey. It is, instead, sourced here from the City of Hayward's 2013 Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.hayward.ca.us/NEWS/2014/CALEA_Final_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Assessment Report\u003c/a>. The report includes only White, Black, Hispanic, or Other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=248\" target=\"_blank\">BJS questionnaire\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The BJS collects data from over 3,000 state and local law enforcement agencies, including all those that employ 100 or more sworn officers and a nationally representative sample of smaller agencies. Data are obtained on the organization and administration of police and sheriffs' departments, including agency responsibilities, operating expenditures, job functions of sworn and civilian employees, officer salaries and special pay, demographic characteristics of officers, weapons and armor policies, education and training requirements, computers and information systems, vehicles, special units, and community policing activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ryan Mah, Andrew Cohn and Lisa Pickoff-White contributed to this project\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "Circles in the map below are scaled according to the number of sworn officers in each police department. As shown in the blue legend at bottom, the shade of each circle indicates the size of the race gap between the police force (sworn officers) and the population; the darker the circle, the larger the gap.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Circles in the map below are scaled according to the number of sworn officers in each police department. As shown in the blue legend at bottom, the shade of each circle indicates the size of the race gap between the police force (sworn officers) and the population; the darker the circle, the larger the gap. General population demographics are sourced from the \u003ca href=\"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">2010 U.S. Census Bureau; \u003c/a>police force demographics are based on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=248\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Justice Statistics' police force questionnaire\u003c/a> from 2007 (see below the map for additional notes and methodology).\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"background: transparent;width: 620px;height: 700px;margin-top: -700px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://kariannemah.github.io/bay-area-police-map/\" width=\"620\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Darren Wilson, the police officer who shot and killed Michael Brown last August, was one of 50 white officers on Ferguson's 53-member police force. That's in a city with a two-thirds black population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide race gap between Ferguson's police force and its community is not unusual. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/09/03/us/the-race-gap-in-americas-police-departments.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times\u003c/a> analysis of 2007 government survey data on local police demographics found that hundreds of police forces across the country are more than 30 percentage points more white than the communities they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is no exception in many Bay Area cities. In our own analysis of data collected from the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics' police force questionnaire from 2007 -- the most recent comprehensive data available -- at least 10 cities in the region have police forces that are more than 30 percentage points more white than the general population of the communities they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's unclear to what degree police demographics affect community relations in specific cities -- as opposed to factors such as residency -- many law enforcement experts agree that more diverse police forces often gain greater credibility in the communities they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Police departments have struggled to achieve diversity for several decades now,\" says Justin McCrary, a professor of law at UC Berkeley who studies police demographics and is director of the \u003ca href=\"http://dlab.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">D-Lab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the major problems departments confront is hiring qualified applicants. Most are averse to putting any restrictions on their pool of applicants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues, though, that if more people in the community had a better awareness of the decent pay and excellent benefits that come with most law enforcement positions, the diversity and size of the hiring pool would likely increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Enlisting the support of community leaders really helps police departments bridge that gap, particularly when a department is struggling with community relations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Notes:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- Data for each police department, except Hayward, was derived from the 2007 Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) survey, the most recent comprehensive data available (although some police force ranks have likely changed since then). Only cities that participated in the survey are included. \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1p4EMqtyiedo4c5KBVz0jdHdRsqlICn78m8rfTgh-HHU/edit#gid=957119660\" target=\"_blank\">View the data set here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- Individuals enumerated in the BJS survey as American Indian or Alaskan, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, two or more races, and \"Other\" are combined here as \"Other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- In five of the 28 police departments, the race or ethnicity of some officers was unknown. For each of the five departments, this group comprised less than 5% of the total police force. These officers are included here as \"Other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- Racial demographic data on the Hayward Police Department was not provided in the BJS survey. It is, instead, sourced here from the City of Hayward's 2013 Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.hayward.ca.us/NEWS/2014/CALEA_Final_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Assessment Report\u003c/a>. The report includes only White, Black, Hispanic, or Other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=248\" target=\"_blank\">BJS questionnaire\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The BJS collects data from over 3,000 state and local law enforcement agencies, including all those that employ 100 or more sworn officers and a nationally representative sample of smaller agencies. Data are obtained on the organization and administration of police and sheriffs' departments, including agency responsibilities, operating expenditures, job functions of sworn and civilian employees, officer salaries and special pay, demographic characteristics of officers, weapons and armor policies, education and training requirements, computers and information systems, vehicles, special units, and community policing activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ryan Mah, Andrew Cohn and Lisa Pickoff-White contributed to this project\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Communities across the nation are still shaken after a series of violent police-related incidents that unfolded over three days last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The events included the fatal shooting of two black men -- in Baton Rogue, La. on Tuesday and St. Paul, Minn. on Wednesday -- and the killings of five officers gunned down by a lone sniper at a Thursday protest in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As have other high profile incidents of police violence over the past two years, last week's events redrew national attention to the ongoing issue of police force, particularly in low-income communities of color, where arrest rates are often disproportionately high and relations between law enforcement and residents are frequently tense, mistrustful and violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also underscored the importance of understanding your rights and responsibilities if stopped by the police. Knowing how to act appropriately during these interactions can help avoid potentially dangerous confrontations. Cartoon journalist Andy Warner explains the rules of engagement (source links below).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22195 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full-400x2789.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003ch4>Sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/8/13/5994305/michael-brown-case-investigation-legal-police-kill-force-murder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vox: \"When is it legal for a cop to shoot you?\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub/273/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cornell Law: Tennessee v. Garner Supreme Court ruling on police force\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://police.ucdavis.edu/docs/know_your_rights.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACLU: Your Rights When Encountering Law Enforcement \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/miranda_warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cornell Legal Information Institute: Miranda Warnings\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aclupa.org/issues/policepractices/your-right-record-and-observe-police/taking-photos-video-and-audio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACLU (PA): Overview of photo, video and audio recording rights\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-9829\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/10/SelfPortrait-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SelfPortrait\" width=\"82\" height=\"82\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Andy Warner's comic journalism has been published by Symbolia, Slate, \u003ca href=\"http://popsci.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popsci.com\u003c/a>, American Public Media, Campus Progress and more. You can see more of his work at: \u003ca href=\"http://andywarnercomics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">andywarnercomics.com\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://andywarnercomics.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">andywarnercomics.tumblr.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Communities across the nation are still shaken after a series of violent police-related incidents that unfolded over three days last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The events included the fatal shooting of two black men -- in Baton Rogue, La. on Tuesday and St. Paul, Minn. on Wednesday -- and the killings of five officers gunned down by a lone sniper at a Thursday protest in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As have other high profile incidents of police violence over the past two years, last week's events redrew national attention to the ongoing issue of police force, particularly in low-income communities of color, where arrest rates are often disproportionately high and relations between law enforcement and residents are frequently tense, mistrustful and violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also underscored the importance of understanding your rights and responsibilities if stopped by the police. Knowing how to act appropriately during these interactions can help avoid potentially dangerous confrontations. Cartoon journalist Andy Warner explains the rules of engagement (source links below).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22195 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full-400x2789.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003ch4>Sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/8/13/5994305/michael-brown-case-investigation-legal-police-kill-force-murder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vox: \"When is it legal for a cop to shoot you?\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Remember when U.S. immigration reform seemed like it was finally in the cards?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was so 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brief burst of fanfare following passage of the Senate's comprehensive bill last year faded quickly when the debate hit the bitterly divided House, where prospects for getting anything done have now been all but extinguished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means starting over from square one. Again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1400\" height=\"600\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/kqed/kqed_immig/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003cp>But now that the Republicans have won control of the Senate, the issue may soon resurface, with a stronger possibility of a bill making it through both chambers of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes on the heels of this summer's immigration crisis, when thousands of unaccompanied child migrants were detained at the U.S.-Mexico border. The events underscored the urgent need to address America's outdated immigration laws and figure out some updated plan of action for dealing with the more than 11 million undocumented people who already live here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive, produced for The Lowdown by \u003ca href=\"http://newsbound.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsbound\u003c/a>, explains what comprehensive reform actually means, why it hasn't happened yet and how we got here to begin with.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>To learn more ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/interactives/2013/immigration/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press: interactive breakdown of the issues\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/how-united-states-immigration-system-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigration Policy Center: fact sheet on how the U.S. immigration works (including visa distinctions) \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/the-state-of-immigration/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post: Multimedia history of U.S. immigration and demographic changes\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAND ...\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/immigration/path_to_now/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A video history of modern immigration policy and the millions of people it's impacted\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/6/16/5813482/the-child-migrant-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vox: Explanatory, multimedia overview of the child migrant crisis\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes on the heels of this summer's immigration crisis, when thousands of unaccompanied child migrants were detained at the U.S.-Mexico border. The events underscored the urgent need to address America's outdated immigration laws and figure out some updated plan of action for dealing with the more than 11 million undocumented people who already live here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive, produced for The Lowdown by \u003ca href=\"http://newsbound.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsbound\u003c/a>, explains what comprehensive reform actually means, why it hasn't happened yet and how we got here to begin with.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>To learn more ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/interactives/2013/immigration/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press: interactive breakdown of the issues\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/how-united-states-immigration-system-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigration Policy Center: fact sheet on how the U.S. immigration works (including visa distinctions) \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/the-state-of-immigration/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post: Multimedia history of U.S. immigration and demographic changes\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAND ...\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/immigration/path_to_now/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A video history of modern immigration policy and the millions of people it's impacted\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/6/16/5813482/the-child-migrant-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vox: Explanatory, multimedia overview of the child migrant crisis\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"newsbound-embedded\" src=\"http://content.newsbound.com/public/kqed/kqed_wage/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" width=\"620\" height=\"349\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(\u003ca href=\"http://content.newsbound.com/public/kqed/kqed_wage/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">View mobile version here\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his 2013 State of the Union address, President Obama urged Congress to raise the federal minimum wage, which has wallowed at $7.25 since 2007. But Congress didn't budge, sidestepping the issue that has long been staunchly opposed by the Republican leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may have seemed surprising, then, that voters in four unabashedly conservative states -- Alaska, Nebraska, South Dakota and Arkansas -- decisively supported minimum wage hikes in Tuesday's general election. In fact, despite ongoing conservative opposition to the raising the federal minimum wage, recent initiatives in individual states, both blue and red, have had overwhelmingly success. As of Aug. 1, 2014, 23 states and Washington D.C. have minimum wages above the federal level, many of which have resulted from successful ballot measures over the last 15 years. And some cities have taken the effort even farther: voters in San Francisco overwhelmingly supported an incremental increase to $15 an hour by 2018 -- tying Seattle for highest in the nation -- while Oakland voters approved a bump from $9 to $12.25 by March 2015. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We dig into the debate over dollars and cents in this interactive explainer, produced by \u003ca href=\"http://newsbound.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Newsbound\u003c/a>. Scroll through the whole presentation at once, or choose specific chapters by selecting the table of contents button on the bottom left of the screen. Sources for each slide are also included at the bottom.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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We’ve compiled a short list of favorite technology-themed resources from a larger collection designed to enhance your lesson plans and spark discussion in the classroom. \u003cstrong>Find the\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/Tech/\"> complete PBS LearningMedia collection \u003c/a>and enter the Get Your Tech On Sweepstakes for a chance to win tablets for your entire classroom.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/97ce92e9-85a3-4018-8390-3e9d416473af/how-to-make-an-interactive-timeline-with-timetoast/\">How to Make an Interactive Timeline\u003c/a> | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nInteractive timelines are a great way to create dynamic projects exploring topics that lend themselves to a chronological presentation – topics could include a wide variety of content areas including history, of course, but also cultural and creative trends, personal timelines and more. The basic idea of an interactive timeline is that you organize information along a timeline based on dates, and that the elements you include are clickable, so that you can create entries on the timeline that expand and can be explored in more depth, and that can include dynamic media in addition to text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ruff14-pd-tech/technology-and-you/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology and You!\u003c/a> | Grades 2-5\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWatch Ruff Ruffman as he searches for an appropriate balance of technology and media use, in this animated video from RUFF RUFFMAN: HUMBLE MEDIA GENIUS. The much-loved character is back, offering advice about using technology in today’s media landscape and guiding students on the appropriate use of this twenty-first century skill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/07b70ccd-c163-43d8-8281-ded6aeee6ec4/how-to-make-a-prezi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Make a Prezi\u003c/a> | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPrezi is an online tool for creating presentations that break free of the standard linear slideshow style of presentation that we often encounter. Instead of slides, Prezi presents you with a wide open canvas where you can organize and arrange your visual elements and then create a pathway for playback that zooms from one element to the next, creating a unique dynamic experience. Prezi offers a very robust authoring environment representing limitless possibilities for your creativity. In this video, we’re going to cover the basic tools to get you started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ac1cce4c-aeb3-49ca-9864-11c4ca664e0b/the-art-of-creative-coding/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Art of Creative Coding\u003c/a> | Grades 9-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nProgramming plays a huge role in the world that surrounds us, and though its uses are often purely functional, there is a growing community of artists who use the language of code as their medium. Their work includes everything from computer generated art to elaborate interactive installations, all with the goal of expanding our sense of what is possible with digital tools. To simplify the coding process, several platforms and libraries have been assembled to allow coders to cut through the nitty-gritty of programming and focus on the creative aspects of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ates12.pd.grlecture/engaging-students-in-lecture-and-lab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engaging Students in Lecture and Lab\u003c/a> | Grades 11-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this professional development video from Getting Results, students and their instructors discuss how lab time reinforces what is taught in lecture. One instructor says his goal is to prepare students through lecture, and then apply the learning in a lab. In this video, the students have to understand a mathematical function in order to make a robot work. When students get frustrated in the lab, the instructor guides them with questions. One student says the lab gets results for students by “hammering home” the content. The instructor concurs, saying that he avoids telling his students how to do the problem. Instead, he encourages them to grapple with it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/31d47214-e41c-4dc6-8756-f6bbc9ccd3c2/teach-civic-engagement-using-social-media-with-kqed-do-now-online-pd-module/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Teach Civic Engagement Using Social Media \u003c/a>| Professional Development\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this one hour self-paced tutorial learn how to implement KQED DO Now in your classroom. KQED Do Now is a weekly activity for students to engage and respond to current issues using social media tools like Twitter. KQED aims to introduce 21st Century skills and add value to learning through the integration of relevant content and new media tools and technologies. Do Now gives students a chance to practice civic engagement and digital citizenship skills while they explore ways to connect topics in their classes to the present day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/cc13.pd.21stc.geocache/educaching/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Educaching \u003c/a>| Professional Development\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nStudents at Woodland School in Barrington, NJ strengthen 21st century skills such as collaboration, critical thinking, creativity, and communication through educaching (educational geocaching). Before the students begin this interactive project, they learn about GPS and satellite technology in the classroom. The 5th through 8th graders then use coordinates and GPS devices to locate physical clues and puzzles hidden on school grounds in a scavenger hunt format. Educaching incorporates language arts, science, history, and math curricula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ate10.ate.pd.splcareers/changing-student-lives-through-advanced-technological-education/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changing Student Lives Through Tech\u003c/a> | Professional Development\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this lesson designed for professional development, learn about rapidly emerging fields in advanced technology that may interest your students when considering a career. You will watch videos, explore interactive activities, and answer content-related questions to gain insights into various industries that use advanced technology, the kinds of people working in or training for these jobs, and the skills and education needed to succeed. Then you will research local ATE programs that align with your students’ interests and inquire about internships and other firsthand experiences for high school students to evaluate possible career pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #4d4d4d\">Register for a free \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"color: #336699\" href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\">PBS LearningMedia account \u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"color: #4d4d4d\">to access more videos, interactives and professional development resources and to create interactive lessons for your students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a> wants to give you the tools you need to navigate and succeed in the digital age of learning. We’ve compiled a short list of favorite technology-themed resources from a larger collection designed to enhance your lesson plans and spark discussion in the classroom. \u003cstrong>Find the\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/Tech/\"> complete PBS LearningMedia collection \u003c/a>and enter the Get Your Tech On Sweepstakes for a chance to win tablets for your entire classroom.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/97ce92e9-85a3-4018-8390-3e9d416473af/how-to-make-an-interactive-timeline-with-timetoast/\">How to Make an Interactive Timeline\u003c/a> | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nInteractive timelines are a great way to create dynamic projects exploring topics that lend themselves to a chronological presentation – topics could include a wide variety of content areas including history, of course, but also cultural and creative trends, personal timelines and more. The basic idea of an interactive timeline is that you organize information along a timeline based on dates, and that the elements you include are clickable, so that you can create entries on the timeline that expand and can be explored in more depth, and that can include dynamic media in addition to text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ruff14-pd-tech/technology-and-you/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology and You!\u003c/a> | Grades 2-5\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWatch Ruff Ruffman as he searches for an appropriate balance of technology and media use, in this animated video from RUFF RUFFMAN: HUMBLE MEDIA GENIUS. The much-loved character is back, offering advice about using technology in today’s media landscape and guiding students on the appropriate use of this twenty-first century skill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/07b70ccd-c163-43d8-8281-ded6aeee6ec4/how-to-make-a-prezi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Make a Prezi\u003c/a> | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPrezi is an online tool for creating presentations that break free of the standard linear slideshow style of presentation that we often encounter. Instead of slides, Prezi presents you with a wide open canvas where you can organize and arrange your visual elements and then create a pathway for playback that zooms from one element to the next, creating a unique dynamic experience. Prezi offers a very robust authoring environment representing limitless possibilities for your creativity. In this video, we’re going to cover the basic tools to get you started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ac1cce4c-aeb3-49ca-9864-11c4ca664e0b/the-art-of-creative-coding/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Art of Creative Coding\u003c/a> | Grades 9-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nProgramming plays a huge role in the world that surrounds us, and though its uses are often purely functional, there is a growing community of artists who use the language of code as their medium. Their work includes everything from computer generated art to elaborate interactive installations, all with the goal of expanding our sense of what is possible with digital tools. To simplify the coding process, several platforms and libraries have been assembled to allow coders to cut through the nitty-gritty of programming and focus on the creative aspects of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ates12.pd.grlecture/engaging-students-in-lecture-and-lab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engaging Students in Lecture and Lab\u003c/a> | Grades 11-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this professional development video from Getting Results, students and their instructors discuss how lab time reinforces what is taught in lecture. One instructor says his goal is to prepare students through lecture, and then apply the learning in a lab. In this video, the students have to understand a mathematical function in order to make a robot work. When students get frustrated in the lab, the instructor guides them with questions. One student says the lab gets results for students by “hammering home” the content. The instructor concurs, saying that he avoids telling his students how to do the problem. Instead, he encourages them to grapple with it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/31d47214-e41c-4dc6-8756-f6bbc9ccd3c2/teach-civic-engagement-using-social-media-with-kqed-do-now-online-pd-module/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Teach Civic Engagement Using Social Media \u003c/a>| Professional Development\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this one hour self-paced tutorial learn how to implement KQED DO Now in your classroom. KQED Do Now is a weekly activity for students to engage and respond to current issues using social media tools like Twitter. KQED aims to introduce 21st Century skills and add value to learning through the integration of relevant content and new media tools and technologies. Do Now gives students a chance to practice civic engagement and digital citizenship skills while they explore ways to connect topics in their classes to the present day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/cc13.pd.21stc.geocache/educaching/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Educaching \u003c/a>| Professional Development\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nStudents at Woodland School in Barrington, NJ strengthen 21st century skills such as collaboration, critical thinking, creativity, and communication through educaching (educational geocaching). Before the students begin this interactive project, they learn about GPS and satellite technology in the classroom. The 5th through 8th graders then use coordinates and GPS devices to locate physical clues and puzzles hidden on school grounds in a scavenger hunt format. Educaching incorporates language arts, science, history, and math curricula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ate10.ate.pd.splcareers/changing-student-lives-through-advanced-technological-education/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changing Student Lives Through Tech\u003c/a> | Professional Development\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this lesson designed for professional development, learn about rapidly emerging fields in advanced technology that may interest your students when considering a career. You will watch videos, explore interactive activities, and answer content-related questions to gain insights into various industries that use advanced technology, the kinds of people working in or training for these jobs, and the skills and education needed to succeed. Then you will research local ATE programs that align with your students’ interests and inquire about internships and other firsthand experiences for high school students to evaluate possible career pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #4d4d4d\">Register for a free \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"color: #336699\" href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\">PBS LearningMedia account \u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"color: #4d4d4d\">to access more videos, interactives and professional development resources and to create interactive lessons for your students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Voter turnout in the 2014 midterm elections, shown as a percentage of each state's voting-age population. [Article continues below map]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/art4stock.com/testing.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->In case you weren't paying attention, this was a big week for the Republican Party. On Election Day, the nation swung decidedly to the right. Or, in the profound words of Senator Joe Manchin (D-W. Va.) Democrats got a \"real ass-whuppin.\" The big headline: the GOP rode a wave of economic dissatisfaction and anger towards the president, taking control of the U.S. Senate for the first time since 2006, expanding their hold on the House, and winning a number of key gubernatorial and statehouse races.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A less-reported story from the general election, though, is the unbelievably low rate of voter turnout across the country. Nationwide, a measly 36.6 percent of eligible voters participated in this year's election, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.electproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\">United States Elections Project\u003c/a>. And while midterm elections typically draw far fewer voters than do presidential elections (where turnout usually hovers above 50 percent), the pickin's were particularly slim this year, down from 40.9 percent in 2010. That put the U.S., in terms of voter turnout, well below \u003ca href=\"http://qz.com/24186/58-countries-with-better-voter-turnout-than-the-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 60 other democracies\u003c/a> around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the billions of dollars and energy poured into America's elections, and all the rhetoric about the importance of our democratic process, the extent of voter apathy in this country might come as a bit of a shocker. Put bluntly, we kind of suck at voting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's turnout was particularly underwhelming this year, with just 33.4% of all registered voters casting ballots, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/status/\" target=\"_blank\">Secretary of State's office\u003c/a>. That's some serious slippage from the notably high rate of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/admin/press-releases/2010/db10-118.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">59.6 percent\u003c/a> in the 2010 midterm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use the data: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1s2KkvXl4kY6UvC47bksgsJ5kZPoFtdL4L5Roqb0bTJI/edit#gid=2072563414\" target=\"_blank\">November general election turnout, by state\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1izqinkt3SxCfkOeVOJOEMdNLGXFFl8CFd56QnunCDEw/edit#gid=280470892\" target=\"_blank\">California voter turnout, by county\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[Note that this rate - of registered voters - is a different denominator from the national rates above - of eligible voters.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col4%3E%3E1+from+13zLYrSCzu1R8azUzpPWrPANqx0IHcHmZXqAvVSUJ&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=36.47113969357368&lng=-119.39382562499998&t=1&z=6&l=col4%3E%3E1&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" width=\"640\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/status/\" target=\"_blank\">California Secretary of State\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Voter turnout in the 2014 midterm elections, shown as a percentage of each state's voting-age population. [Article continues below map]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/art4stock.com/testing.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->In case you weren't paying attention, this was a big week for the Republican Party. On Election Day, the nation swung decidedly to the right. Or, in the profound words of Senator Joe Manchin (D-W. Va.) Democrats got a \"real ass-whuppin.\" The big headline: the GOP rode a wave of economic dissatisfaction and anger towards the president, taking control of the U.S. Senate for the first time since 2006, expanding their hold on the House, and winning a number of key gubernatorial and statehouse races.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A less-reported story from the general election, though, is the unbelievably low rate of voter turnout across the country. Nationwide, a measly 36.6 percent of eligible voters participated in this year's election, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.electproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\">United States Elections Project\u003c/a>. And while midterm elections typically draw far fewer voters than do presidential elections (where turnout usually hovers above 50 percent), the pickin's were particularly slim this year, down from 40.9 percent in 2010. That put the U.S., in terms of voter turnout, well below \u003ca href=\"http://qz.com/24186/58-countries-with-better-voter-turnout-than-the-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 60 other democracies\u003c/a> around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the billions of dollars and energy poured into America's elections, and all the rhetoric about the importance of our democratic process, the extent of voter apathy in this country might come as a bit of a shocker. Put bluntly, we kind of suck at voting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's turnout was particularly underwhelming this year, with just 33.4% of all registered voters casting ballots, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/status/\" target=\"_blank\">Secretary of State's office\u003c/a>. That's some serious slippage from the notably high rate of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/admin/press-releases/2010/db10-118.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">59.6 percent\u003c/a> in the 2010 midterm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use the data: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1s2KkvXl4kY6UvC47bksgsJ5kZPoFtdL4L5Roqb0bTJI/edit#gid=2072563414\" target=\"_blank\">November general election turnout, by state\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1izqinkt3SxCfkOeVOJOEMdNLGXFFl8CFd56QnunCDEw/edit#gid=280470892\" target=\"_blank\">California voter turnout, by county\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[Note that this rate - of registered voters - is a different denominator from the national rates above - of eligible voters.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col4%3E%3E1+from+13zLYrSCzu1R8azUzpPWrPANqx0IHcHmZXqAvVSUJ&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=36.47113969357368&lng=-119.39382562499998&t=1&z=6&l=col4%3E%3E1&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" width=\"640\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/status/\" target=\"_blank\">California Secretary of State\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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