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"content": "\u003cp>More than half the U.S. jail population has never actually been convicted of a crime. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s roughly 420,000 “pretrial” defendants stuck behind bars in city and county jails who haven't had their day in court, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/jim13st.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Justice Statistics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many of these defendants are in jail for one simple reason: they can't afford to pay bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/262327143&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bail and bail bonds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Bail is what courts often require defendants to pay in order to gain temporary release from jail before trial. It’s a kind of collateral, a way for the court to ensure that defendants return for their legal proceedings without having to be detained in the interim. If a defendant fails to appear in court, he or the entity that puts up the money on his behalf (the bail bondsman) is liable for the full bail amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After arrest, defendants are occasionally released on their own recognizance, and those accused of the most violent crimes may be denied bail entirely. Most defendants, though, are offered one of the following bail payment options (a \"bond\"):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cash bond\u003c/b> - defendant pays the full bail amount to the court, which is then reimbursed upon return, minus fees and administrative costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Property bond\u003c/b> - property is used instead of cash to secure release. The court places a \u003ca href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lien.asp\" target=\"_blank\">lien\u003c/a> on the property until the defendant returns to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Surety bond - \u003c/b> a commercial bail bond issued by a bail bond agent (or bondsman), who signs a promissory note to the court for the full amount of the bond. Bondsmen don't actually pay the full amount up front, but must show that they have sufficient resources to cover it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A commercial bail bond is\u003ca href=\"http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/posting-bail.html\" target=\"_blank\"> a three-party contract\u003c/a> between the defendant, the court, and the bond agent, in which the bond agent agrees to forfeit the bail amount if the defendant fails to appear in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, a defendant will pay a bondsmen a non-refundable fee for the service (usually about 10 to 15 percent of the bail amount). Although the practice is prohibited in a handful of states, surety bonds remain the most common form of bail in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The big business of bail bonds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the streets near most city and county courthouses around the country, there are no shortage of bail bond businesses, flashing their services in neon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States is one of only two countries in the world with an official private bail trade (the other is the Philippines), an estimated $2 billion industry with upwards of 15,000 bail agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's the only part of the criminal justice system that doesn't cost the taxpayers any money,” says Dennis Sew, Vice President of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbus.com/\">Professional Bail Agents of the United States\u003c/a>. Bail bond agents and the bounty hunters they employ have enforcement powers similar to police officers in terms of finding and detaining absentee clients. “The bondsman has a financial interest in the defendant,\" Sew explains. \"We will always go looking for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bond agents vet potential clients on their ability to pay and likelihood of showing up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're homeless and you have nobody and there’s no guarantee you'll show up in court, then you may need to stay in jail,” Sew notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bail rates\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Although the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution states that “excessive bail shall not be required,\" critics of the system argue that bail is often set at unreasonably high rates, a factor they say disproportionately impacts poor defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So much is based not on the crime you committed but the jurisdiction in which you happen to have committed the crime,\" notes Daniel Macallair, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org\">Center for Juvenile and Criminal Justice\u003c/a>. Bail rates for any given crime, he adds, vary widely by state and county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take California, where bail rates range considerably across the state's 58 counties. If you’re arrested for petty theft in Alameda County, the guideline bail amount is $15,000. But if arrested for the same offense in Orange County, you'll be liable for $20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, this is the total amount that must be paid if a defendant fails to show up in court. In most cases, the defendant or bond agent need only pay a percentage of this total bond to gain release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://lowdowntest.cartodb.com/viz/70abcd44-116a-11e6-bb6c-0e787de82d45/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most states, bail bond agents can't charge clients more than 10 to 15 percent of the total bail amount. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than half the U.S. jail population has never actually been convicted of a crime. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s roughly 420,000 “pretrial” defendants stuck behind bars in city and county jails who haven't had their day in court, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/jim13st.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Justice Statistics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many of these defendants are in jail for one simple reason: they can't afford to pay bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/262327143&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bail and bail bonds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Bail is what courts often require defendants to pay in order to gain temporary release from jail before trial. It’s a kind of collateral, a way for the court to ensure that defendants return for their legal proceedings without having to be detained in the interim. If a defendant fails to appear in court, he or the entity that puts up the money on his behalf (the bail bondsman) is liable for the full bail amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After arrest, defendants are occasionally released on their own recognizance, and those accused of the most violent crimes may be denied bail entirely. Most defendants, though, are offered one of the following bail payment options (a \"bond\"):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cash bond\u003c/b> - defendant pays the full bail amount to the court, which is then reimbursed upon return, minus fees and administrative costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Property bond\u003c/b> - property is used instead of cash to secure release. The court places a \u003ca href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lien.asp\" target=\"_blank\">lien\u003c/a> on the property until the defendant returns to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Surety bond - \u003c/b> a commercial bail bond issued by a bail bond agent (or bondsman), who signs a promissory note to the court for the full amount of the bond. Bondsmen don't actually pay the full amount up front, but must show that they have sufficient resources to cover it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A commercial bail bond is\u003ca href=\"http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/posting-bail.html\" target=\"_blank\"> a three-party contract\u003c/a> between the defendant, the court, and the bond agent, in which the bond agent agrees to forfeit the bail amount if the defendant fails to appear in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, a defendant will pay a bondsmen a non-refundable fee for the service (usually about 10 to 15 percent of the bail amount). Although the practice is prohibited in a handful of states, surety bonds remain the most common form of bail in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The big business of bail bonds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the streets near most city and county courthouses around the country, there are no shortage of bail bond businesses, flashing their services in neon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States is one of only two countries in the world with an official private bail trade (the other is the Philippines), an estimated $2 billion industry with upwards of 15,000 bail agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's the only part of the criminal justice system that doesn't cost the taxpayers any money,” says Dennis Sew, Vice President of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbus.com/\">Professional Bail Agents of the United States\u003c/a>. Bail bond agents and the bounty hunters they employ have enforcement powers similar to police officers in terms of finding and detaining absentee clients. “The bondsman has a financial interest in the defendant,\" Sew explains. \"We will always go looking for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bond agents vet potential clients on their ability to pay and likelihood of showing up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're homeless and you have nobody and there’s no guarantee you'll show up in court, then you may need to stay in jail,” Sew notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bail rates\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Although the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution states that “excessive bail shall not be required,\" critics of the system argue that bail is often set at unreasonably high rates, a factor they say disproportionately impacts poor defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So much is based not on the crime you committed but the jurisdiction in which you happen to have committed the crime,\" notes Daniel Macallair, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org\">Center for Juvenile and Criminal Justice\u003c/a>. Bail rates for any given crime, he adds, vary widely by state and county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take California, where bail rates range considerably across the state's 58 counties. If you’re arrested for petty theft in Alameda County, the guideline bail amount is $15,000. But if arrested for the same offense in Orange County, you'll be liable for $20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, this is the total amount that must be paid if a defendant fails to show up in court. In most cases, the defendant or bond agent need only pay a percentage of this total bond to gain release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://lowdowntest.cartodb.com/viz/70abcd44-116a-11e6-bb6c-0e787de82d45/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most states, bail bond agents can't charge clients more than 10 to 15 percent of the total bail amount. Nonetheless, if your bail is $20,000, 10 percent is still $2,000, a sizeable amount of cash that a potentially innocent defendant might have to pay out-of-pocket to avoid sitting in jail for weeks or event months until trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also a factor that's led innocent defendants in certain cases to admit guilt after arrest, particularly when doing so is less costly than paying bail fees or awaiting trial in jail (even if it results in a lasting criminal record).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monetary bail often “prevents the criminal justice system from operating in a fair and balanced way,\" argues Macallair, as it makes release contingent on a defendant's ability to pay, not his risk to society. Holding someone in jail pretrial, he adds, is costly for both taxpayers who foot the bill and for defendants whose employment or housing opportunities may be jeopardized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And time spent in jail pretrial may also have an impact on the outcome of the actual trial, a factor that can potentially sway a jury during trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.arnoldfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/LJAF-Pretrial-CJ-Research-brief_FNL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Arnold Foundation report\u003c/a> found that when defendants remain in jail during the period before their case is heard, they are three times more likely be convicted and sent to jail and twice as likely to be sent to prison. The report also revealed that jail sentences were three times longer and prison sentences twice as long for defendants who had been detained before their court case.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "May Day Explained (from the Folks Who Brought You the 8-Hour Work Day)",
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"content": "\u003cp>In about 80 countries around the world, May 1, or May Day, is an official labor holiday, marked by worker demonstrations and rallies.\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you wouldn’t know it in much of the United States, where union membership has fallen to its\u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/07/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-labor-unions/\" rel=\"noopener\"> lowest point in nearly 70 years\u003c/a> and \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/30/a-brief-history-of-may-day/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"May Day Explained (from the Folks Who Brought You the 8-Hour Work Day)\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>In about 80 countries around the world, May 1, or May Day, is an official labor holiday, marked by worker demonstrations and rallies.\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you wouldn't know it in much of the United States, where union membership has fallen to its\u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/07/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-labor-unions/\" rel=\"noopener\"> lowest point in nearly 70 years\u003c/a> and ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In about 80 countries around the world, May 1, or May Day, is an official labor holiday, marked by worker demonstrations and rallies.\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you wouldn’t know it in much of the United States, where union membership has fallen to its\u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/07/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-labor-unions/\" rel=\"noopener\"> lowest point in nearly 70 years\u003c/a> and \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/30/a-brief-history-of-may-day/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"May Day Explained (from the Folks Who Brought You the 8-Hour Work Day)\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Government Redlining Maps Pushed Segregation in California Cities [Interactive]",
"title": "How Government Redlining Maps Pushed Segregation in California Cities [Interactive]",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Supreme Court decision last June made clear that housing discrimination is not just a thing of the past.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions & Suggestions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why did the federal government create different categories for different neighborhoods?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you notice any lasting effects of redlining where you live?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Click on a green area in one of the interactive maps below. What are the reasons given for that neighborhood's desirability?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Click on a red area. What are the reasons given for its low ranking?\u003cem>For more teaching ideas, download a\u003ca href=\"http://ucbhssp.berkeley.edu/content/struggles-justice-segregation-housing-united-states\" target=\"_blank\"> lesson plan on U.S. housing discrimination\u003c/a>, created by Mt. Diablo Unified high school teacher Jenna Rentz, in collaboration with the UC Berkeley History-Social Science Project.\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/25/417516457/supreme-court-sides-with-civil-rights-advocates-in-fair-housing-case\" target=\"_blank\">5-4 decision\u003c/a>, the High Court ruled that even unintentional housing discrimination violates the Fair Housing Act. Homeowners or renters, it stated, can file suit against government or private housing policies without having to prove that alleged discriminatory act was done intentionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing for the majority, Justice Anthony Kennedy said that although legally sanctioned racial segregation is over, “its vestiges remain today, intertwined with the country’s economic and social life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not, however, elaborate on the various federal government policies in place before the Civil Rights Movement that actually encouraged housing discrimination and segregation. It's these policies, some historians argue, that helped determine the demographic makeup of the neighborhoods many of us live in today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example is the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). Established by Congress in 1933, the initiative was promoted by President Franklin Roosevelt to help stem the urban foreclosure crisis that had spiked during the Great Depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three years, the federal agency refinanced more than a million homes. It issued low-interest, long-term loans to scores of new homeowners across the nation, spurring a dramatic uptick in home-ownership over the proceeding decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only for some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show which areas were safe investments, HOLC gathered reams of local data to draw up “residential safety maps\" of cities across the nation. Neighborhoods were classified into one of four categories based on \"favorable\" and \"detrimental\" influences. Factors included terrain and type and age of buildings, as well as the \"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-18884\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette-400x273.png\" alt=\"palette\" width=\"296\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette-400x273.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette.png 562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\">\u003c/a>\"A\" areas, in green, were considered \"hot spots,\" where good mortgage lenders ... are willing to make their maximum loans.\" \"B\" areas, in blue, were deemed not as desirable, but \"still good.\" \"C\" areas, in yellow, were considered in decline. And finally, \"D\" areas, in red, were considered to be in full decline, areas lenders should steer clear of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, HOLC's classification method was heavily influenced by a neighborhood's racial and economic demographics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private banks quickly adopted the government's identification system, commonly denying home loans to residents in neighborhoods considered risky. The color-coding of maps became a verb: to redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the original HOLC maps and re-created interactive versions, which use data collected by the \u003ca href=\"http://salt.umd.edu/T-RACES/demo/demo.html\" target=\"_blank\">University of Maryland's T-Races project\u003c/a>. Created in the late 1930s, they illustrate HOLC's neighborhood classification system for mid-to-large cities in the Bay Area and elsewhere in California. For the interactive maps, click on each neighborhood to see copies of the HOLC's original assessment surveys. Find additional maps for San Jose, Los Angeles, San Diego and Stockton at the end of this post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-large wp-image-18878 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1440x1063.jpg\" alt=\"OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1440x1063.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-400x295.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1180x871.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-960x708.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knkdNhx04PDQ\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18880\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\" alt=\"SF\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kt6v-_88BBJo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Richmond Historian Robert K. Nelson, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://dsl.richmond.edu/holc/pages/intro\" target=\"_blank\">Redlining Richmond \u003c/a>project describes the methodology:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Neighborhoods inexorably declined as housing stock decayed and housing styles went out of fashion, lowering values to the point that a \"lower grade population\" began \"infiltrating\" the neighborhood. This was bad enough when those infiltrators were working-class or foreign-born whites. Their presence compromised the neighborhood's social homogeneity and accelerated the decline of both housing values and neighborhood desirability. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The movement of African Americans into a neighborhood was far worse according to this model, precipitating the final demise of its desirability and \"residential security.\" Thus while HOLC grades were assigned by weighing a variety of factors, including the age of houses and the fashionability of particular architectural styles, it is clear that race trumped all others ...\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although officially prohibited by the \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/progdesc/title8\" target=\"_blank\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> of 1968, the practice of neighborhood delineation based on race and class had a lasting impact, depriving certain neighborhoods of essential resources. And that many argue, helped determine the demographic and economic makeup of the neighborhoods we live in today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More subtle forms of redlining continue however, as evidenced by recent discriminatory loan practice \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2015/HUDNo_15-064b\" target=\"_blank\">settlements\u003c/a> and issues of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777683\" target=\"_blank\">\"retail redlining,\"\u003c/a> wherein businesses avoid setting up shop in neighborhoods deemed undesirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>View HOLC maps of additional cities at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanoasis.org/projects/holc-fha/digital-holc-maps/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Oasis project\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18881 size-full alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png\" alt=\"SJ\" width=\"624\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png 624w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ-400x360.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kiGRF4iVhw8g\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-large wp-image-18882 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1440x1021.jpg\" alt=\"LosAngelesHOLC-lg\" width=\"640\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1440x1021.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-960x680.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kRkIgBut9l-o\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knWPOJ6VvdDo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kdTG-ML2eOFU\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kwu99aJGMq3g\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Supreme Court decision last June made clear that housing discrimination is not just a thing of the past.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions & Suggestions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why did the federal government create different categories for different neighborhoods?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you notice any lasting effects of redlining where you live?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Click on a green area in one of the interactive maps below. What are the reasons given for that neighborhood's desirability?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Click on a red area. What are the reasons given for its low ranking?\u003cem>For more teaching ideas, download a\u003ca href=\"http://ucbhssp.berkeley.edu/content/struggles-justice-segregation-housing-united-states\" target=\"_blank\"> lesson plan on U.S. housing discrimination\u003c/a>, created by Mt. Diablo Unified high school teacher Jenna Rentz, in collaboration with the UC Berkeley History-Social Science Project.\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/25/417516457/supreme-court-sides-with-civil-rights-advocates-in-fair-housing-case\" target=\"_blank\">5-4 decision\u003c/a>, the High Court ruled that even unintentional housing discrimination violates the Fair Housing Act. Homeowners or renters, it stated, can file suit against government or private housing policies without having to prove that alleged discriminatory act was done intentionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing for the majority, Justice Anthony Kennedy said that although legally sanctioned racial segregation is over, “its vestiges remain today, intertwined with the country’s economic and social life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not, however, elaborate on the various federal government policies in place before the Civil Rights Movement that actually encouraged housing discrimination and segregation. It's these policies, some historians argue, that helped determine the demographic makeup of the neighborhoods many of us live in today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example is the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). Established by Congress in 1933, the initiative was promoted by President Franklin Roosevelt to help stem the urban foreclosure crisis that had spiked during the Great Depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three years, the federal agency refinanced more than a million homes. It issued low-interest, long-term loans to scores of new homeowners across the nation, spurring a dramatic uptick in home-ownership over the proceeding decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only for some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show which areas were safe investments, HOLC gathered reams of local data to draw up “residential safety maps\" of cities across the nation. Neighborhoods were classified into one of four categories based on \"favorable\" and \"detrimental\" influences. Factors included terrain and type and age of buildings, as well as the \"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-18884\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette-400x273.png\" alt=\"palette\" width=\"296\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette-400x273.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette.png 562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\">\u003c/a>\"A\" areas, in green, were considered \"hot spots,\" where good mortgage lenders ... are willing to make their maximum loans.\" \"B\" areas, in blue, were deemed not as desirable, but \"still good.\" \"C\" areas, in yellow, were considered in decline. And finally, \"D\" areas, in red, were considered to be in full decline, areas lenders should steer clear of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, HOLC's classification method was heavily influenced by a neighborhood's racial and economic demographics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private banks quickly adopted the government's identification system, commonly denying home loans to residents in neighborhoods considered risky. The color-coding of maps became a verb: to redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the original HOLC maps and re-created interactive versions, which use data collected by the \u003ca href=\"http://salt.umd.edu/T-RACES/demo/demo.html\" target=\"_blank\">University of Maryland's T-Races project\u003c/a>. Created in the late 1930s, they illustrate HOLC's neighborhood classification system for mid-to-large cities in the Bay Area and elsewhere in California. For the interactive maps, click on each neighborhood to see copies of the HOLC's original assessment surveys. Find additional maps for San Jose, Los Angeles, San Diego and Stockton at the end of this post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-large wp-image-18878 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1440x1063.jpg\" alt=\"OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1440x1063.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-400x295.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1180x871.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-960x708.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knkdNhx04PDQ\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18880\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\" alt=\"SF\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kt6v-_88BBJo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Richmond Historian Robert K. Nelson, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://dsl.richmond.edu/holc/pages/intro\" target=\"_blank\">Redlining Richmond \u003c/a>project describes the methodology:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Neighborhoods inexorably declined as housing stock decayed and housing styles went out of fashion, lowering values to the point that a \"lower grade population\" began \"infiltrating\" the neighborhood. This was bad enough when those infiltrators were working-class or foreign-born whites. Their presence compromised the neighborhood's social homogeneity and accelerated the decline of both housing values and neighborhood desirability. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The movement of African Americans into a neighborhood was far worse according to this model, precipitating the final demise of its desirability and \"residential security.\" Thus while HOLC grades were assigned by weighing a variety of factors, including the age of houses and the fashionability of particular architectural styles, it is clear that race trumped all others ...\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although officially prohibited by the \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/progdesc/title8\" target=\"_blank\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> of 1968, the practice of neighborhood delineation based on race and class had a lasting impact, depriving certain neighborhoods of essential resources. And that many argue, helped determine the demographic and economic makeup of the neighborhoods we live in today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More subtle forms of redlining continue however, as evidenced by recent discriminatory loan practice \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2015/HUDNo_15-064b\" target=\"_blank\">settlements\u003c/a> and issues of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777683\" target=\"_blank\">\"retail redlining,\"\u003c/a> wherein businesses avoid setting up shop in neighborhoods deemed undesirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>View HOLC maps of additional cities at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanoasis.org/projects/holc-fha/digital-holc-maps/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Oasis project\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18881 size-full alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png\" alt=\"SJ\" width=\"624\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png 624w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ-400x360.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kiGRF4iVhw8g\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-large wp-image-18882 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1440x1021.jpg\" alt=\"LosAngelesHOLC-lg\" width=\"640\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1440x1021.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-960x680.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kRkIgBut9l-o\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knWPOJ6VvdDo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kdTG-ML2eOFU\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kwu99aJGMq3g\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "MAP: Primary Results, Delegate Counts and Remaining Contests",
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"content": "\u003cp>The end's in sight!\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of primary season, at least (lest you forgot - we still have six more months of general election mayhem in front of us).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only six states are still in line to participate in the exhausting presidential nominating process. All of them, including California, the biggest fish in the pond, vote June 7. The final Democratic primary is in Washington D.C. on June 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No candidate from either party has yet to win the magic number of delegates needed to clinch the nomination, but there's little doubt as to who will emerge victorious. Donald Trump is the last Republican candidate standing, and therefore the all-but-imminent party nominee. And although Senator Bernie Sanders has continued to perform strongly in recent Democratic primaries, it's very unlikely he'll be able to overcome Hillary Clinton's significantly lead in the delegate count (largely because of her concentration of superdelegates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://interactives.ap.org/2016/delegates-overview/\" height=\"375\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll over the map below for details on each state's primary or caucus. Click each state to see which candidates won. Note that for the handful of states with Democratic and Republican contests on different days, the color key corresponds to the date of the first contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/3ee1acd2-ca18-11e5-bc2d-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Quick civics lesson:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of delegates up for grabs in each state generally reflects its population size. In most states, delegates are allocated proportionately based on the results of the primary or caucus (although in a handful of Republican contests, including Florida and Delaware, the Republican primary is winner-take-all).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means, unless the race remains incredibly close into the late spring -- which was a possibility this year --each party's nomination is generally secured long before a decent number of states get to vote. The staggered nature of this system affords candidates the luxury of focusing resources on specific areas of the country rather than trying to be everywhere at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLtJ3pGPLv8AQcwBE_7C5V3iNlXznMJTWZ\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>However, the system is also somewhat controversial, in that millions of voters in late-primary states -- \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/15/why-is-californias-presidential-primary-so-late\" target=\"_blank\">including California \u003c/a> -- often miss out on the opportunity to directly impact the outcome of their party's nomination. Opponents of the process argue that this gives undue influence to small, largely white, rural early-voting states like Iowa and New Hampshire, which they say, can result in nominees who don't necessarily represent the preferences of the larger U.S. electorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that most delegates are \"pledged,\" meaning they are mandated to support a particular candidate at their party's national convention in July. However, each party also has a certain number of unpledged delegates, and these guys can support whoever they want. In the Republican Party they're called \"unbound delegates\" and make up about 7 percent of the total delegate count. In the Democratic Party, they're known as \"superdelegates\" and make up 15 percent of the delegate count. As mentioned earlier, Clinton is ahead of Sanders in the pledged delegate count. But what makes her overall lead so formidable is the overwhelming portion of party superdelegates, who have committed to supporting her (a process that Sanders and his supporters \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/6/11597550/superdelegates-bernie-sanders-clinton\" target=\"_blank\">call blatantly unfair\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last technical thing to keep in mind (for now) in this incredibly complicated process: a primary or caucus is considered \"closed\" when participation is limited to only registered members of that party, \"open\" when participation is open to all registered voters and \"mixed\" when independent voters are allowed to participate.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The end's in sight!\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of primary season, at least (lest you forgot - we still have six more months of general election mayhem in front of us).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only six states are still in line to participate in the exhausting presidential nominating process. All of them, including California, the biggest fish in the pond, vote June 7. The final Democratic primary is in Washington D.C. on June 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No candidate from either party has yet to win the magic number of delegates needed to clinch the nomination, but there's little doubt as to who will emerge victorious. Donald Trump is the last Republican candidate standing, and therefore the all-but-imminent party nominee. And although Senator Bernie Sanders has continued to perform strongly in recent Democratic primaries, it's very unlikely he'll be able to overcome Hillary Clinton's significantly lead in the delegate count (largely because of her concentration of superdelegates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://interactives.ap.org/2016/delegates-overview/\" height=\"375\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll over the map below for details on each state's primary or caucus. Click each state to see which candidates won. Note that for the handful of states with Democratic and Republican contests on different days, the color key corresponds to the date of the first contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/3ee1acd2-ca18-11e5-bc2d-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Quick civics lesson:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of delegates up for grabs in each state generally reflects its population size. In most states, delegates are allocated proportionately based on the results of the primary or caucus (although in a handful of Republican contests, including Florida and Delaware, the Republican primary is winner-take-all).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means, unless the race remains incredibly close into the late spring -- which was a possibility this year --each party's nomination is generally secured long before a decent number of states get to vote. The staggered nature of this system affords candidates the luxury of focusing resources on specific areas of the country rather than trying to be everywhere at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLtJ3pGPLv8AQcwBE_7C5V3iNlXznMJTWZ\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>However, the system is also somewhat controversial, in that millions of voters in late-primary states -- \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/15/why-is-californias-presidential-primary-so-late\" target=\"_blank\">including California \u003c/a> -- often miss out on the opportunity to directly impact the outcome of their party's nomination. Opponents of the process argue that this gives undue influence to small, largely white, rural early-voting states like Iowa and New Hampshire, which they say, can result in nominees who don't necessarily represent the preferences of the larger U.S. electorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that most delegates are \"pledged,\" meaning they are mandated to support a particular candidate at their party's national convention in July. However, each party also has a certain number of unpledged delegates, and these guys can support whoever they want. In the Republican Party they're called \"unbound delegates\" and make up about 7 percent of the total delegate count. In the Democratic Party, they're known as \"superdelegates\" and make up 15 percent of the delegate count. As mentioned earlier, Clinton is ahead of Sanders in the pledged delegate count. But what makes her overall lead so formidable is the overwhelming portion of party superdelegates, who have committed to supporting her (a process that Sanders and his supporters \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/6/11597550/superdelegates-bernie-sanders-clinton\" target=\"_blank\">call blatantly unfair\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last technical thing to keep in mind (for now) in this incredibly complicated process: a primary or caucus is considered \"closed\" when participation is limited to only registered members of that party, \"open\" when participation is open to all registered voters and \"mixed\" when independent voters are allowed to participate.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure>\u003cfigcaption>Donning a gas mask, a demonstrator participates in the first Earth Day celebration in 1970. (AP)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>Quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor organization helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Who made the following statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/18/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure>\u003cfigcaption>Donning a gas mask, a demonstrator participates in the first Earth Day celebration in 1970. (AP)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>Quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor organization helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Who made the following statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/18/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "It's Almost Tax Day! See What All Your Hard-Earned Cash Actually Pays For",
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"content": "\u003cp>\"In this world,\" wrote Benjamin Franklin, \"nothing can be said to be certain except death and taxes.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the April 18 tax filing deadline closes in, millions of Americans are frantically confronting that latter (but hopefully not former) inevitability.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/u.s.-taxes-compared.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17075 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/u.s.-taxes-compared-300x394.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>Let's be blunt: paying taxes isn't fun. After all, that's your hard-earned cash siphoned out of every paycheck. And for what, exactly? Where does it all go? And what do you get in return? It's not like the IRS gives you a detailed explanation of how your precious dollars are being spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, a bunch of neat web apps allow you to create a personalized tax receipt showing an itemized list of the federal programs and services your tax dollars are helping fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's information that likely won't make paying taxes any less painful, but at least it'll shed a little light on what it is you're actually paying for. And, if it's any consolation, keep in mind that U.S. taxpayers on average pay significantly lower taxes than citizens in nearly every other wealthy nation in the world, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.offthechartsblog.org/top-10-federal-tax-charts-2/\" target=\"_blank\">Center on Budget and Policy Priorities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Big Picture\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of all federal tax revenue comes directly from our paychecks, through income taxes and payroll taxes. In fiscal year 2014, the federal government spent $3.5 trillion (that's with 12 zeros), according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1258\" target=\"_blank\">CBPP\u003c/a>. Of that, more than $3 trillion was financed by federal revenues (aka, our taxes). The remaining amount (about $485 billion) came from borrowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/policybasics-wheretaxdollarsgo-f1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17062\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/policybasics-wheretaxdollarsgo-f1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"368\">\u003c/a>The three biggest areas of spending together accounted for about two-thirds of the entire federal budget:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Social Security (24 percent, or $851 billion)\u003c/strong>,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>providing monthly retirement benefits to 39 million retirees, 8.4 million of their spouses and children, and 10.9 million disabled workers and eligible dependents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Four health insurances programs (24 percent, or $836 billion)\u003c/strong>, including\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and Affordable Care Act marketplace subsidies. Medicare, which provides health coverage to around 54 million people who are over the age of 65 or have disabilities, accounted for nearly two-thirds of this amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Defense spending (18 percent, or $615 billion)\u003c/strong>,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>funding\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>defense and security-related international activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Drilling Down on Income Tax\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Tax day is all about the individual income taxes you have to pay the government by April 15. These are the taxes on income from work, investments and other earnings. Income taxes collectively make up nearly half of all federal revenue, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Priorities Project\u003c/a>, a nonpartisan federal budget research group. They fund government programs and services that are not paid for by trust funds like Social Security and Medical, which are covered by payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/interactive-data/taxday/2015/taxespaid/10000/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17066\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/tax-receipt-300x316.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the image at right to explore NPP's i\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/interactive-data/taxday/2015/taxespaid/10000/\" target=\"_blank\">nteractive tax receipt\u003c/a>. Enter the amount of federal tax you paid to see an itemized list of where that money was spent in fiscal year 2015. You can also view the tax receipt for your own specific state. This estimation includes income tax only, not trust funds generated from sources like payroll taxes that can only be used for specific programs such as Social Security and Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"In this world,\" wrote Benjamin Franklin, \"nothing can be said to be certain except death and taxes.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the April 18 tax filing deadline closes in, millions of Americans are frantically confronting that latter (but hopefully not former) inevitability.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/u.s.-taxes-compared.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17075 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/u.s.-taxes-compared-300x394.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>Let's be blunt: paying taxes isn't fun. After all, that's your hard-earned cash siphoned out of every paycheck. And for what, exactly? Where does it all go? And what do you get in return? It's not like the IRS gives you a detailed explanation of how your precious dollars are being spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, a bunch of neat web apps allow you to create a personalized tax receipt showing an itemized list of the federal programs and services your tax dollars are helping fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's information that likely won't make paying taxes any less painful, but at least it'll shed a little light on what it is you're actually paying for. And, if it's any consolation, keep in mind that U.S. taxpayers on average pay significantly lower taxes than citizens in nearly every other wealthy nation in the world, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.offthechartsblog.org/top-10-federal-tax-charts-2/\" target=\"_blank\">Center on Budget and Policy Priorities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Big Picture\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of all federal tax revenue comes directly from our paychecks, through income taxes and payroll taxes. In fiscal year 2014, the federal government spent $3.5 trillion (that's with 12 zeros), according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1258\" target=\"_blank\">CBPP\u003c/a>. Of that, more than $3 trillion was financed by federal revenues (aka, our taxes). The remaining amount (about $485 billion) came from borrowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/policybasics-wheretaxdollarsgo-f1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17062\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/policybasics-wheretaxdollarsgo-f1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"368\">\u003c/a>The three biggest areas of spending together accounted for about two-thirds of the entire federal budget:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Social Security (24 percent, or $851 billion)\u003c/strong>,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>providing monthly retirement benefits to 39 million retirees, 8.4 million of their spouses and children, and 10.9 million disabled workers and eligible dependents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Four health insurances programs (24 percent, or $836 billion)\u003c/strong>, including\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and Affordable Care Act marketplace subsidies. Medicare, which provides health coverage to around 54 million people who are over the age of 65 or have disabilities, accounted for nearly two-thirds of this amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Defense spending (18 percent, or $615 billion)\u003c/strong>,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>funding\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>defense and security-related international activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Drilling Down on Income Tax\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Tax day is all about the individual income taxes you have to pay the government by April 15. These are the taxes on income from work, investments and other earnings. Income taxes collectively make up nearly half of all federal revenue, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Priorities Project\u003c/a>, a nonpartisan federal budget research group. They fund government programs and services that are not paid for by trust funds like Social Security and Medical, which are covered by payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/interactive-data/taxday/2015/taxespaid/10000/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17066\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/tax-receipt-300x316.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the image at right to explore NPP's i\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/interactive-data/taxday/2015/taxespaid/10000/\" target=\"_blank\">nteractive tax receipt\u003c/a>. Enter the amount of federal tax you paid to see an itemized list of where that money was spent in fiscal year 2015. You can also view the tax receipt for your own specific state. This estimation includes income tax only, not trust funds generated from sources like payroll taxes that can only be used for specific programs such as Social Security and Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "MAP: It’s Equal Pay Day; How Big Is the Gender Wage Gap Where You Live?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhQah4PT_AI?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent&w=640&h=390]\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>April 12 marks “Equal Pay Day,” the number of days into 2016 (plus all of 2015) that the average American woman would need to work in order to match what the average man made just in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the the gender wage gap has narrowed \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/gender-wage-gap/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"MAP: It’s Equal Pay Day; How Big Is the Gender Wage Gap Where You Live?\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>\u003cspan>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhQah4PT_AI?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent&w=640&h=390]\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>April 12 marks “Equal Pay Day,” the number of days into 2016 (plus all of 2015) that the average American woman would need to work in order to match what the average man made just in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the the gender wage gap has narrowed",
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"content": "\u003cp>Talk about a mic drop ...\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the world was introduced to the mother of all data dumps. The Panama Papers is a global investigation of 11.5 million confidential documents that provide detailed information about thousands of offshore \"shell\" companies used by some of the world's most powerful people -- including multiple heads of state -- to conceal wealth or avoid paying taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The files were taken from Mossack Fonseca, a large Panama-based law firm, and anonymously leaked last year to the German newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.sueddeutsche.de/\" target=\"_blank\">Süddeutsche Zeitung. \u003c/a>They were subsequently shared them with the \u003ca href=\"https://panamapapers.icij.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists\u003c/a> and other media outlets, but not publicly unveiled until the story broke on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations have already had major political fallout, shining light on potential high level corruption and sparking a series of international criminal investigations. On Tuesday, Iceland’s prime minister become the first major casualty of the massive leak, abruptly stepping down from office after reports surfaced that his family had sheltered large sums of money in an offshore account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore these creative interactives, produced by \u003ca href=\"https://panamapapers.icij.org/\" target=\"_blank\">ICIJ\u003c/a>, to get a better understanding of the scope and implications of the Panama Papers, the key players involved and why the leak is making a lot of power people nervous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://projects.icij.org/panama-papers/stairway-tax-haven-game/?url=panamapapers.icij.org/stairway_tax_heaven_game/&lang=en\" width=\"80%\" height=\"720px\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/F6XnH_OnpO0\" width=\"940\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe style=\"min-width: 80%; width: 100px; height: 100vh; border: 0;\" src=\"https://projects.icij.org/panama-papers/power-players/\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional classroom resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>http://pulitzercenter.org/blog/news-bites-lesson-plan-week-panama-papers\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Talk about a mic drop ...\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the world was introduced to the mother of all data dumps. The Panama Papers is a global investigation of 11.5 million confidential documents that provide detailed information about thousands of offshore \"shell\" companies used by some of the world's most powerful people -- including multiple heads of state -- to conceal wealth or avoid paying taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The files were taken from Mossack Fonseca, a large Panama-based law firm, and anonymously leaked last year to the German newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.sueddeutsche.de/\" target=\"_blank\">Süddeutsche Zeitung. \u003c/a>They were subsequently shared them with the \u003ca href=\"https://panamapapers.icij.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists\u003c/a> and other media outlets, but not publicly unveiled until the story broke on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations have already had major political fallout, shining light on potential high level corruption and sparking a series of international criminal investigations. On Tuesday, Iceland’s prime minister become the first major casualty of the massive leak, abruptly stepping down from office after reports surfaced that his family had sheltered large sums of money in an offshore account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore these creative interactives, produced by \u003ca href=\"https://panamapapers.icij.org/\" target=\"_blank\">ICIJ\u003c/a>, to get a better understanding of the scope and implications of the Panama Papers, the key players involved and why the leak is making a lot of power people nervous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://projects.icij.org/panama-papers/stairway-tax-haven-game/?url=panamapapers.icij.org/stairway_tax_heaven_game/&lang=en\" width=\"80%\" height=\"720px\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/F6XnH_OnpO0\" width=\"940\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe style=\"min-width: 80%; width: 100px; height: 100vh; border: 0;\" src=\"https://projects.icij.org/panama-papers/power-players/\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional classroom resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>http://pulitzercenter.org/blog/news-bites-lesson-plan-week-panama-papers\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "MAP: States With New Voting Restrictions in Place for the 2016 Presidential Election",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Think you know your state's voting rules? Better check again before heading to the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the state you live in, those rules may have gotten a good deal more restrictive since the last time you voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 14 states, this is the first presidential election with new voting restrictions in place, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.brennancenter.org/voting-restrictions-first-time-2016\" target=\"_blank\">Brennan Center for Justice\u003c/a>, a nonprofit law and policy institute that advocates for more inclusive voting policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.brennancenter.org/voting-restrictions-first-time-2016\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24428\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap.jpg\" alt=\"voteridmap\" width=\"951\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap.jpg 951w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-800x568.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-768x545.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-240x170.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-375x266.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 951px) 100vw, 951px\">\u003c/a>The new voting laws have been mostly instituted in states with Republican-led legislatures, with the ostensible intention of reducing voter fraud. The changes, which snowballed after a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/tag/voting-rights-act/\" target=\"_blank\">2013 Supreme Court ruling \u003c/a>scaling back the Voting Rights Act, range from photo ID requirements and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/02/26/felon-voting\" target=\"_blank\">felon voting restrictions\u003c/a> to shorter registration windows and limited early voting periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among these, voter identification requirements remain the most controversial. Because certain kinds of government-issued ID, particularly photo IDs, often require administrative fees and waiting times, opponents say these requirements hearken back to the poll taxes of the Jim Crow South, a blatant effort to prevent entire communities from voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>32 states currently require voters to show some form of identification at the polls, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">National Conference of State Legislatures\u003c/a>. Seven of them have strict voter ID requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 11 percent of eligible voters don't have government-issued photo IDs, according to the Brennan Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Carolina's 2013 voter ID law was recently struck down by a federal appeals court, which found that the law was intentionally aimed at the black vote. Two separate court rulings this summer scaled back new voting restrictions in Texas and Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id.aspx\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24429\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2.jpg\" alt=\"voteridmap2\" width=\"771\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2.jpg 771w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-768x578.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-240x181.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-375x282.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-520x391.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voting rights advocates argue that stricter voting laws disproportionately suppress turnout among students, African-Americans and low-income voters, groups that traditionally lean Democratic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most new voting laws haven't been in place long enough to accurately measure their impact on participation. But several studies predict that these laws could thwart hundreds of thousands of otherwise eligible voters from voting. In \u003ca href=\"http://pages.ucsd.edu/~zhajnal/page5/documents/voterIDhajnaletal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one recent study\u003c/a>, political scientists at the University of California, San Diego compared voter turnout from 2008 to 2012 in states that did and did not implement strict voter ID laws. In states that began enforcing these laws, voter participation decreased markedly, particularly among blacks, Hispanics and mixed-race groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of stricter laws counter that voter fraud remains a serious threat that needs to be addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our Republic flourishes when citizens are confident that their vote is free, fair, and secure,\" notes Catherine Engelbrecht, founder of the advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://truethevote.org/aboutus\" target=\"_blank\">True the Vote\u003c/a>. But concern over election fraud, she adds \"jeopardizes our entire system of government, eroding our trust in elected leaders and undermining our confidence in the system by which they govern - beginning at the polls and rising up through the highest offices in the land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though a majority of Americans \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2012/10/11/broad-support-for-photo-id-voting-requirements/\" target=\"_blank\">favor voter ID requirements\u003c/a> numerous non-partisan studies of voting records show that voter fraud is exceptionally rare and statistically insignificant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one recent investigation, Loyola Law School professor Justin Levitt found only \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/08/06/a-comprehensive-investigation-of-voter-impersonation-finds-31-credible-incidents-out-of-one-billion-ballots-cast/?tid=a_inl\" target=\"_blank\">31 credible incidents of voter impersonation\u003c/a> out of a sample of more than 1 billion votes cast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really not one America when it comes to voting,\" Judith Brown-Dianis of the Advancement Project explains in the documentary \u003ca href=\"http://electoraldysfunction.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Electoral Dysfunction.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the text of the original Constitution doesn't actually include a single mention of voting rights; the founders left this to the discretion of states. Only subsequent amendments (namely, the 15th, 19th, 23rd and 26th) prevent voting rights from being denied to certain formerly disenfranchised populations (people of color, women, 18 to 20-year-olds). States, though, remain largely free to determine their own voting procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Constitution, at the nation's birth, made no mention of voting rights whatsoever,\" Harvard University History Professor Alex Keyssar notes in the documentary. \"[The Founders] were unsure, in fact, whether voting was a right or a privilege. And if it was a right, they weren't sure who the right actually belonged to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an ambiguity that continues to play out today: voting laws vary drastically from one state to the next, helping to determine who's allowed to participate and who gets stuck watching from the sidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/UMl0MHFGhE8\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Additional resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eac.gov/voter_resources/contact_your_state.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Links to official election resources for all 50 states\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.brennancenter.org/student-voting\" target=\"_blank\">Brennan Center: state-by-state student voting guide\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://electoraldysfunction.org/classroom/\" target=\"_blank\">Electoral Dysfunction (film) educator resources \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://truethevote.org/\" target=\"_blank\">True the Vote \u003c/a>(advocates for stricter protections against voter fraud)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/voting-rights-by-state-map\" target=\"_blank\">ProPublica: Everything that's happened since the Supreme Court's Voting Rights Act decision \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Think you know your state's voting rules? Better check again before heading to the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the state you live in, those rules may have gotten a good deal more restrictive since the last time you voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 14 states, this is the first presidential election with new voting restrictions in place, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.brennancenter.org/voting-restrictions-first-time-2016\" target=\"_blank\">Brennan Center for Justice\u003c/a>, a nonprofit law and policy institute that advocates for more inclusive voting policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.brennancenter.org/voting-restrictions-first-time-2016\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24428\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap.jpg\" alt=\"voteridmap\" width=\"951\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap.jpg 951w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-800x568.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-768x545.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-240x170.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-375x266.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/VoterIDmap-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 951px) 100vw, 951px\">\u003c/a>The new voting laws have been mostly instituted in states with Republican-led legislatures, with the ostensible intention of reducing voter fraud. The changes, which snowballed after a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/tag/voting-rights-act/\" target=\"_blank\">2013 Supreme Court ruling \u003c/a>scaling back the Voting Rights Act, range from photo ID requirements and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/02/26/felon-voting\" target=\"_blank\">felon voting restrictions\u003c/a> to shorter registration windows and limited early voting periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among these, voter identification requirements remain the most controversial. Because certain kinds of government-issued ID, particularly photo IDs, often require administrative fees and waiting times, opponents say these requirements hearken back to the poll taxes of the Jim Crow South, a blatant effort to prevent entire communities from voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>32 states currently require voters to show some form of identification at the polls, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">National Conference of State Legislatures\u003c/a>. Seven of them have strict voter ID requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 11 percent of eligible voters don't have government-issued photo IDs, according to the Brennan Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Carolina's 2013 voter ID law was recently struck down by a federal appeals court, which found that the law was intentionally aimed at the black vote. Two separate court rulings this summer scaled back new voting restrictions in Texas and Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id.aspx\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24429\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2.jpg\" alt=\"voteridmap2\" width=\"771\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2.jpg 771w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-768x578.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-240x181.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-375x282.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/04/voteridmap2-520x391.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voting rights advocates argue that stricter voting laws disproportionately suppress turnout among students, African-Americans and low-income voters, groups that traditionally lean Democratic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most new voting laws haven't been in place long enough to accurately measure their impact on participation. But several studies predict that these laws could thwart hundreds of thousands of otherwise eligible voters from voting. In \u003ca href=\"http://pages.ucsd.edu/~zhajnal/page5/documents/voterIDhajnaletal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one recent study\u003c/a>, political scientists at the University of California, San Diego compared voter turnout from 2008 to 2012 in states that did and did not implement strict voter ID laws. In states that began enforcing these laws, voter participation decreased markedly, particularly among blacks, Hispanics and mixed-race groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of stricter laws counter that voter fraud remains a serious threat that needs to be addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our Republic flourishes when citizens are confident that their vote is free, fair, and secure,\" notes Catherine Engelbrecht, founder of the advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://truethevote.org/aboutus\" target=\"_blank\">True the Vote\u003c/a>. But concern over election fraud, she adds \"jeopardizes our entire system of government, eroding our trust in elected leaders and undermining our confidence in the system by which they govern - beginning at the polls and rising up through the highest offices in the land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though a majority of Americans \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2012/10/11/broad-support-for-photo-id-voting-requirements/\" target=\"_blank\">favor voter ID requirements\u003c/a> numerous non-partisan studies of voting records show that voter fraud is exceptionally rare and statistically insignificant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one recent investigation, Loyola Law School professor Justin Levitt found only \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/08/06/a-comprehensive-investigation-of-voter-impersonation-finds-31-credible-incidents-out-of-one-billion-ballots-cast/?tid=a_inl\" target=\"_blank\">31 credible incidents of voter impersonation\u003c/a> out of a sample of more than 1 billion votes cast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really not one America when it comes to voting,\" Judith Brown-Dianis of the Advancement Project explains in the documentary \u003ca href=\"http://electoraldysfunction.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Electoral Dysfunction.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the text of the original Constitution doesn't actually include a single mention of voting rights; the founders left this to the discretion of states. Only subsequent amendments (namely, the 15th, 19th, 23rd and 26th) prevent voting rights from being denied to certain formerly disenfranchised populations (people of color, women, 18 to 20-year-olds). States, though, remain largely free to determine their own voting procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Constitution, at the nation's birth, made no mention of voting rights whatsoever,\" Harvard University History Professor Alex Keyssar notes in the documentary. \"[The Founders] were unsure, in fact, whether voting was a right or a privilege. And if it was a right, they weren't sure who the right actually belonged to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an ambiguity that continues to play out today: voting laws vary drastically from one state to the next, helping to determine who's allowed to participate and who gets stuck watching from the sidelines.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/UMl0MHFGhE8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/UMl0MHFGhE8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Additional resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eac.gov/voter_resources/contact_your_state.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Links to official election resources for all 50 states\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.brennancenter.org/student-voting\" target=\"_blank\">Brennan Center: state-by-state student voting guide\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://electoraldysfunction.org/classroom/\" target=\"_blank\">Electoral Dysfunction (film) educator resources \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://truethevote.org/\" target=\"_blank\">True the Vote \u003c/a>(advocates for stricter protections against voter fraud)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/voting-rights-by-state-map\" target=\"_blank\">ProPublica: Everything that's happened since the Supreme Court's Voting Rights Act decision \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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