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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED: Feb. 26, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to yet another episode of DACA drama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear the Trump administration's appeal to end Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, an Obama-era program that protects roughly 700,000 young immigrants brought here as children from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/The-History-and-Human-Face-of-DACA-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DACA lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The high court refused to take up the issue until it goes before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, a step on the judicial ladder that the Trump administration sought to bypass. The announcement comes after a federal judge's ruling last month that temporarily blocked the Trump administration's order to end DACA by early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, U.S. District Judge William Alsup \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4345906/1-9-18-DACA-Opinion.pdf\">ruled\u003c/a> that the administration must temporarily “maintain the DACA program on a nationwide basis” at least until lawsuits filed by California and other states play out in court. That means the so-called “Dreamers” in question could remain in legal limbo for months until the appeals court issues a ruling or Congress acts to make their status permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Introduced as an executive action by President Obama in June 2012, DACA was intended to give temporary protection against deportation to certain groups of young undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. as children. 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Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/The-History-and-Human-Face-of-DACA-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DACA lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The high court refused to take up the issue until it goes before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, a step on the judicial ladder that the Trump administration sought to bypass. 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"content": "\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Your students are too young to have lived through the 9/11 attack, but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t impacted their lives. The \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/teachers/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\">Perspectives Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a> offers them a chance to tell their stories. Maybe they have a parent, older sibling or cousin who served in Afghanistan. Maybe they have seen anti-Muslim sentiment in their own communities. Invite them to share how 9/11 has affected their lives with the Perspectives Challenge. (Preview the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/curriculum/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">curriculum here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sept. 10, 2024\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-three years ago, the United States wasn’t officially engaged in any wars. Few of us had ever heard of al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden, and ISIS didn’t even exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We deported half the number of people we do today. Our surveillance state was a fraction of its current size. And — perhaps hardest to believe — we didn’t have to take off our shoes to go through airport security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in a dramatic change in our nation’s attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ushered in a new generation of policies like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/terrorism/homeland/patriotact.html\">USA Patriot Act\u003c/a>, prioritizing national security and defense, often at the expense of civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Sept-11-lesson-plan-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasting impacts of 9/11 lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These changes continue to have ripple effects across the globe, particularly in the Middle East, where American-led military operations helped foment rebellions and ongoing warfare throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four of the many dramatic impacts — nationwide and in California — resulting from the events of that one tragic day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>I. ‘Forever Wars’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after 9/11, U.S. troops invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to dismantle al-Qaeda — the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the attacks — and remove the Taliban government harboring it. Two years later, in March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and deposed President Saddam Hussein. Although not directly linked to the terrorist attacks, Hussein was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction (none were ever found). The invasion was a key part of America’s newly launched War on Terror, under the leadership of President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our military involvement in Afghanistan — which just ended calamitously last year, with the Taliban reclaiming control of the country — was the longest war in American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS0qENVESv0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2011, remaining U.S. troops were pulled out of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iraq\u003c/a>, leaving that nation in a far more volatile state than when military operations first began in 2003. But the U.S. soon after resumed intermittent air strikes following the emergence of the Islamic State extremist group, which sprouted from the chaos of war and terrorized the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the Bush Administration also opened the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba, where it began sending suspected enemy combatants. Held indefinitely, prisoners were denied access to trials or legal representation, and were subject to brutal interrogation techniques. There were more than 650 foreign inmates at the facility by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have long pushed to shut down the Guantanamo facility, calling it a gross violation of basic human rights and a stain on America’s image abroad. And although early in his first term, Obama vowed to close it — and significantly reduced the population\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>— he failed to completely shut it down. Former President Donald Trump was intent on keeping it open, and even sought, unsuccessfully, to refill it. Today, Guantanamo has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html?mcubz=1\">fewer than 40 prisoners\u003c/a>, but still remains operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 9/11, budgets for defense-related agencies skyrocketed: Homeland Security’s discretionary budget jumped from about $16 billion in 2002 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget-bib-fy2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than $43 billion\u003c/a> in 2011. Meanwhile, the budgets of the Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration and Border Patrol have all more than doubled since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, millions of young U.S. soldiers have been deployed overseas, thousands have been killed and many have returned home with debilitating physical and mental injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of post-9/11 U.S. military operations, some 7,000 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\">the latest figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Defense. That marks just a tiny fraction of total casualties in the two conflicts, which have claimed the lives of \u003ca href=\"https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/direct-war-death-toll-2001-801000\">hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of Iraqi and Afghan civilians, as well as contractors, journalists, allied troops and opposition fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more than 52,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq have been wounded in action over the last 20 years. And many more have returned home physically intact but suffering from severe long-term mental health issues, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and psychological ailments linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thousands of veterans of the two conflicts have taken their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is second only to Texas in its contribution of recruits to the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this year, 776 men and women from across the state have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, accounting for 11% of total U.S. casualties — more than any other state — according to an\u003ca href=\"http://projects.latimes.com/wardead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> LA Times database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Times reports, “Nearly 20% of California’s war dead were old enough to die for their country but too young to buy a drink. They left behind 453 children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of the 13 U.S. troops killed In the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-08-26/us-troops-killed-afghanistan-airport-bombing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aug. 26 suicide bombing\u003c/a> at the Kabul airport gate were Marines from California. Occurring just days before the official end of U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, the attack also killed dozens of Afghan civilians — one of the deadliest bombings in the almost two decades since the U.S.-led invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>II. Immigration and Deportation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Bush Administration created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a> in 2002, a cabinet-level office that merged 22 government agencies. The Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. Customs Service — both formerly part of the Department of Justice — were consolidated into the newly formed \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)\u003c/a>. The agency has overseen a massive increase in deportations; they have nearly doubled since 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Homeland Security’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics&ei=NKxPUPu5K87hiwKn14HADQ&usg=AFQjCNFZCr-MNftShOtU3Ycc8HPUr1M1Zg&sig2=agIJsVoj7kiDoBqPasJOQQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Yearbook of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>, there were roughly 200,000 annual deportations a year between 1999 and 2001. While that number dropped slightly in 2002, it began to steadily climb the following year. In the first two years of the Obama Administration (2009 – 2010), deportations hit a record high: nearly 400,000 annually. About half of those deported during that period were convicted of a criminal offense, although mostly low-level, non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ice.gov/secure_communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a> program, established in 2008 and officially phased out in 2014, allowed local law enforcement to check the immigration status of every person booked in a county or local jail — even if not ultimately convicted of a crime — by comparing fingerprints against federal immigration records. The program resulted in numerous instances of undocumented immigrants entering deportation proceedings after being stopped for minor infractions (like not using a turn signal while driving).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2014, when Obama announced plans to phase out the program, ICE had established Secure Communities partnerships with every single\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/secure-communities/pdf/sc-activated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> law enforcement jurisdiction \u003c/a>in the nation (all 3,181 of them).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Jerry Brown — then California’s Attorney General — agreed to implement the Secure Communities. As of 2012, ICE reported it had taken nearly 48,000 “convicted criminal aliens” in California into custody. Almost half of them were deported, even though less than a quarter had been convicted of offenses considered “serious or violent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the primary destination for foreign nationals entering the country, and home to a quarter of America’s immigrant population. Of the nearly 10 million immigrants (both naturalized and undocumented) residing in the state, an estimated 4.3 million are Mexican, 28% of whom are naturalized, according to the \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>III. The Friendly-ish Skies\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long airport lines, full body scans, the occasional pat-down (for the lucky ones). It’s all par for the course when you fly these days. But not so long ago, it wasn’t unusual to show up at the airport a half-hour before a domestic flight, keep your shoes tied tight, and skip through the metal detector while sipping a Big Gulp, all without ever having to show an ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the advent of color-coded security threat warnings, pat downs were rare, liquids were allowed, and the notion of having to go through full-body scanners was the stuff of science fiction. Heck, prior to 9/11, some airport security teams even allowed passengers to take box cutters aboard (the supposed weapon used by the 9/11 hijackers). Any knife with a blade up to four inches long was permitted. And cigarette lighters? No problem!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the terrorist attacks, airport security underwent a series of major overhauls. And a service that was once largely provided by private companies is now primarily overseen by the massive \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation Security Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the TSA is tasked with instituting new security procedures and managing screenings at every commercial airport checkpoint in the country (although, private contractors still operate at some airports). It marks the single largest federal start-up since the days of World War II. The agency is authorized to refer to watch lists of individuals who could pose flight safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advocates argue that the changes have made air travel safer, the additional security steps have also tacked on a significant amount of travel time for the average passenger, while sometimes infringing on privacy rights and, in many instances, increasing scrutiny of minority travelers, particularly those of Middle Eastern descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>IV. Big surveillance\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. intelligence state boomed in the wake of 9/11. The growth resulted in a marked increase in government oversight, primarily through a vast, clandestine network of phone and web surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classified documents that were leaked in 2013 by former government contractor Edward Snowden detail the expansion of a colossal surveillance state that’s seeped into the lives of millions of ordinary Americans. The exponential growth of this apparatus — armed with a $52.6 billion budget in 2013 — was brought to light when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post\u003c/a> obtained a “black budget” report from Snowden, detailing the bureaucratic and operational landscape of the 16 spy agencies and more than 107,000 employees that now make up the U.S. intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further audits reveal that the National Security Agency alone has annually scooped up as many as 56,000 emails and other communications by Americans with no connection to terrorism, and in doing so, had violated privacy laws thousands of times per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Your students are too young to have lived through the 9/11 attack, but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t impacted their lives. The \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/teachers/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\">Perspectives Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a> offers them a chance to tell their stories. Maybe they have a parent, older sibling or cousin who served in Afghanistan. Maybe they have seen anti-Muslim sentiment in their own communities. Invite them to share how 9/11 has affected their lives with the Perspectives Challenge. (Preview the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/curriculum/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">curriculum here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sept. 10, 2024\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-three years ago, the United States wasn’t officially engaged in any wars. Few of us had ever heard of al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden, and ISIS didn’t even exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We deported half the number of people we do today. Our surveillance state was a fraction of its current size. And — perhaps hardest to believe — we didn’t have to take off our shoes to go through airport security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in a dramatic change in our nation’s attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ushered in a new generation of policies like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/terrorism/homeland/patriotact.html\">USA Patriot Act\u003c/a>, prioritizing national security and defense, often at the expense of civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Sept-11-lesson-plan-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasting impacts of 9/11 lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These changes continue to have ripple effects across the globe, particularly in the Middle East, where American-led military operations helped foment rebellions and ongoing warfare throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four of the many dramatic impacts — nationwide and in California — resulting from the events of that one tragic day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>I. ‘Forever Wars’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after 9/11, U.S. troops invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to dismantle al-Qaeda — the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the attacks — and remove the Taliban government harboring it. Two years later, in March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and deposed President Saddam Hussein. Although not directly linked to the terrorist attacks, Hussein was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction (none were ever found). The invasion was a key part of America’s newly launched War on Terror, under the leadership of President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our military involvement in Afghanistan — which just ended calamitously last year, with the Taliban reclaiming control of the country — was the longest war in American history.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zS0qENVESv0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zS0qENVESv0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In December 2011, remaining U.S. troops were pulled out of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iraq\u003c/a>, leaving that nation in a far more volatile state than when military operations first began in 2003. But the U.S. soon after resumed intermittent air strikes following the emergence of the Islamic State extremist group, which sprouted from the chaos of war and terrorized the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the Bush Administration also opened the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba, where it began sending suspected enemy combatants. Held indefinitely, prisoners were denied access to trials or legal representation, and were subject to brutal interrogation techniques. There were more than 650 foreign inmates at the facility by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have long pushed to shut down the Guantanamo facility, calling it a gross violation of basic human rights and a stain on America’s image abroad. And although early in his first term, Obama vowed to close it — and significantly reduced the population\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>— he failed to completely shut it down. Former President Donald Trump was intent on keeping it open, and even sought, unsuccessfully, to refill it. Today, Guantanamo has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html?mcubz=1\">fewer than 40 prisoners\u003c/a>, but still remains operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 9/11, budgets for defense-related agencies skyrocketed: Homeland Security’s discretionary budget jumped from about $16 billion in 2002 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget-bib-fy2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than $43 billion\u003c/a> in 2011. Meanwhile, the budgets of the Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration and Border Patrol have all more than doubled since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, millions of young U.S. soldiers have been deployed overseas, thousands have been killed and many have returned home with debilitating physical and mental injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of post-9/11 U.S. military operations, some 7,000 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\">the latest figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Defense. That marks just a tiny fraction of total casualties in the two conflicts, which have claimed the lives of \u003ca href=\"https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/direct-war-death-toll-2001-801000\">hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of Iraqi and Afghan civilians, as well as contractors, journalists, allied troops and opposition fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more than 52,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq have been wounded in action over the last 20 years. And many more have returned home physically intact but suffering from severe long-term mental health issues, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and psychological ailments linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thousands of veterans of the two conflicts have taken their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is second only to Texas in its contribution of recruits to the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this year, 776 men and women from across the state have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, accounting for 11% of total U.S. casualties — more than any other state — according to an\u003ca href=\"http://projects.latimes.com/wardead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> LA Times database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Times reports, “Nearly 20% of California’s war dead were old enough to die for their country but too young to buy a drink. They left behind 453 children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of the 13 U.S. troops killed In the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-08-26/us-troops-killed-afghanistan-airport-bombing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aug. 26 suicide bombing\u003c/a> at the Kabul airport gate were Marines from California. Occurring just days before the official end of U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, the attack also killed dozens of Afghan civilians — one of the deadliest bombings in the almost two decades since the U.S.-led invasion.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>II. Immigration and Deportation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Bush Administration created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a> in 2002, a cabinet-level office that merged 22 government agencies. The Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. Customs Service — both formerly part of the Department of Justice — were consolidated into the newly formed \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)\u003c/a>. The agency has overseen a massive increase in deportations; they have nearly doubled since 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Homeland Security’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics&ei=NKxPUPu5K87hiwKn14HADQ&usg=AFQjCNFZCr-MNftShOtU3Ycc8HPUr1M1Zg&sig2=agIJsVoj7kiDoBqPasJOQQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Yearbook of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>, there were roughly 200,000 annual deportations a year between 1999 and 2001. While that number dropped slightly in 2002, it began to steadily climb the following year. In the first two years of the Obama Administration (2009 – 2010), deportations hit a record high: nearly 400,000 annually. About half of those deported during that period were convicted of a criminal offense, although mostly low-level, non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ice.gov/secure_communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a> program, established in 2008 and officially phased out in 2014, allowed local law enforcement to check the immigration status of every person booked in a county or local jail — even if not ultimately convicted of a crime — by comparing fingerprints against federal immigration records. The program resulted in numerous instances of undocumented immigrants entering deportation proceedings after being stopped for minor infractions (like not using a turn signal while driving).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2014, when Obama announced plans to phase out the program, ICE had established Secure Communities partnerships with every single\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/secure-communities/pdf/sc-activated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> law enforcement jurisdiction \u003c/a>in the nation (all 3,181 of them).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Jerry Brown — then California’s Attorney General — agreed to implement the Secure Communities. As of 2012, ICE reported it had taken nearly 48,000 “convicted criminal aliens” in California into custody. Almost half of them were deported, even though less than a quarter had been convicted of offenses considered “serious or violent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the primary destination for foreign nationals entering the country, and home to a quarter of America’s immigrant population. Of the nearly 10 million immigrants (both naturalized and undocumented) residing in the state, an estimated 4.3 million are Mexican, 28% of whom are naturalized, according to the \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>III. The Friendly-ish Skies\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long airport lines, full body scans, the occasional pat-down (for the lucky ones). It’s all par for the course when you fly these days. But not so long ago, it wasn’t unusual to show up at the airport a half-hour before a domestic flight, keep your shoes tied tight, and skip through the metal detector while sipping a Big Gulp, all without ever having to show an ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the advent of color-coded security threat warnings, pat downs were rare, liquids were allowed, and the notion of having to go through full-body scanners was the stuff of science fiction. Heck, prior to 9/11, some airport security teams even allowed passengers to take box cutters aboard (the supposed weapon used by the 9/11 hijackers). Any knife with a blade up to four inches long was permitted. And cigarette lighters? No problem!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the terrorist attacks, airport security underwent a series of major overhauls. And a service that was once largely provided by private companies is now primarily overseen by the massive \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation Security Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the TSA is tasked with instituting new security procedures and managing screenings at every commercial airport checkpoint in the country (although, private contractors still operate at some airports). It marks the single largest federal start-up since the days of World War II. The agency is authorized to refer to watch lists of individuals who could pose flight safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advocates argue that the changes have made air travel safer, the additional security steps have also tacked on a significant amount of travel time for the average passenger, while sometimes infringing on privacy rights and, in many instances, increasing scrutiny of minority travelers, particularly those of Middle Eastern descent.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>IV. Big surveillance\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. intelligence state boomed in the wake of 9/11. The growth resulted in a marked increase in government oversight, primarily through a vast, clandestine network of phone and web surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classified documents that were leaked in 2013 by former government contractor Edward Snowden detail the expansion of a colossal surveillance state that’s seeped into the lives of millions of ordinary Americans. The exponential growth of this apparatus — armed with a $52.6 billion budget in 2013 — was brought to light when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post\u003c/a> obtained a “black budget” report from Snowden, detailing the bureaucratic and operational landscape of the 16 spy agencies and more than 107,000 employees that now make up the U.S. intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further audits reveal that the National Security Agency alone has annually scooped up as many as 56,000 emails and other communications by Americans with no connection to terrorism, and in doing so, had violated privacy laws thousands of times per year.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/N88pPUWrc5k\u003cbr>\nFirst the good news: People in most industrialized (aka wealthy) nations live roughly 25 years longer, on average, than they would have \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1369276/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">100 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Classroom Resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Use the Above the Noise discussion guide and student worksheet to start a conversation in your classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Classroom-Guide.pdf\" target=\"new\">Classroom Discussion Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Student-Viewing-Notes.pdf\" target=\"new\">Student Viewing Notes Handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Life expectancy in most industrialized nations now tops 75 years. The increase is mainly the result of better hygiene practices and medical innovations that have helped ward off infectious diseases and epidemics and dramatically reduced infant mortality rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Above the Noise \u003c/a>video explains, with increased longevity has come an onslaught of anti-aging applications that promise to stretch out your life even further, or at least make you look and feel younger than you really are. Among the latest anti-aging fads: teen blood transfusions! Read more about this blood thirsty trend on KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/06/30/blood-from-young-people-may-be-a-secret-to-fighting-aging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Future of You blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Location, location, location!\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Within the United States, geography is a major determinate of health and longevity. Where you live can actually be a matter of life and death, according to \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.0918\">an analysis\u003c/a> by the University of Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation published last spring in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em>. Populations in areas with the shortest life expectancy rates are typically among the poorest and least educated in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.npr.org/assets/img/2017/05/08/longevity-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"455\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers crunched public health data from every county in the country between 1980 and 2014, revealing dramatic disparities. In 2014, there was a difference of more than 20 years between people living in counties with the longest and shortest average life spans (based on life expectancy at birth). That's roughly the same life span gap as that between people living in Japan and India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 82 years, men in Fairfax, VA have among the highest life expectancy in the country. But head just 350 miles to McDowell County, WV and that drops to just 67 years for men. Meanwhile, women in Marin County live to 85 on average, the country's highest female life expectancy. Compare that to Perry County, KY, where average female life expectancy is 74.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lowest rate in the country is in Oglala Lakota County, S.D., which includes the Pine Ridge Native American reservation, where average life expectancy falls is under 67 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the other areas with low life expectancy rates are congregated in the lower Mississippi River Valley and some areas of Appalachia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the report note that these disparities appear to be widening: between 1980 and 2014, the gap between the highest and lowest life spans increased by about two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse over IHM's incredibly detailed map to see how life expectancy rates and various health conditions in counties throughout the country have changed over the last three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Global context\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>While average American life expectancy still exceeds that in most other countries, it still lags behind the world's other high income nations. And that's in large part because of poor diet: heart disease remains America's number one killer. At 79.3 years, the U.S ranks 31st in life expectancy, according to 2015 data from the World Health Organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse over the map below to see how the U.S. compares to other nations around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/f6eba07d-2d96-42e3-a81b-1185c6c8ad67/embed\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/N88pPUWrc5k\u003cbr>\nFirst the good news: People in most industrialized (aka wealthy) nations live roughly 25 years longer, on average, than they would have \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1369276/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">100 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Classroom Resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Use the Above the Noise discussion guide and student worksheet to start a conversation in your classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Classroom-Guide.pdf\" target=\"new\">Classroom Discussion Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Student-Viewing-Notes.pdf\" target=\"new\">Student Viewing Notes Handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Life expectancy in most industrialized nations now tops 75 years. The increase is mainly the result of better hygiene practices and medical innovations that have helped ward off infectious diseases and epidemics and dramatically reduced infant mortality rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Above the Noise \u003c/a>video explains, with increased longevity has come an onslaught of anti-aging applications that promise to stretch out your life even further, or at least make you look and feel younger than you really are. Among the latest anti-aging fads: teen blood transfusions! Read more about this blood thirsty trend on KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/06/30/blood-from-young-people-may-be-a-secret-to-fighting-aging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Future of You blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Location, location, location!\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Within the United States, geography is a major determinate of health and longevity. Where you live can actually be a matter of life and death, according to \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.0918\">an analysis\u003c/a> by the University of Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation published last spring in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em>. Populations in areas with the shortest life expectancy rates are typically among the poorest and least educated in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.npr.org/assets/img/2017/05/08/longevity-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"455\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers crunched public health data from every county in the country between 1980 and 2014, revealing dramatic disparities. In 2014, there was a difference of more than 20 years between people living in counties with the longest and shortest average life spans (based on life expectancy at birth). That's roughly the same life span gap as that between people living in Japan and India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 82 years, men in Fairfax, VA have among the highest life expectancy in the country. But head just 350 miles to McDowell County, WV and that drops to just 67 years for men. Meanwhile, women in Marin County live to 85 on average, the country's highest female life expectancy. Compare that to Perry County, KY, where average female life expectancy is 74.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lowest rate in the country is in Oglala Lakota County, S.D., which includes the Pine Ridge Native American reservation, where average life expectancy falls is under 67 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the other areas with low life expectancy rates are congregated in the lower Mississippi River Valley and some areas of Appalachia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the report note that these disparities appear to be widening: between 1980 and 2014, the gap between the highest and lowest life spans increased by about two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse over IHM's incredibly detailed map to see how life expectancy rates and various health conditions in counties throughout the country have changed over the last three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Global context\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>While average American life expectancy still exceeds that in most other countries, it still lags behind the world's other high income nations. And that's in large part because of poor diet: heart disease remains America's number one killer. At 79.3 years, the U.S ranks 31st in life expectancy, according to 2015 data from the World Health Organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse over the map below to see how the U.S. compares to other nations around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/f6eba07d-2d96-42e3-a81b-1185c6c8ad67/embed\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "3-D Printed Guns: The Latest Chapter in the Loaded History of Gun Control [VIDEO]",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included as a fundamental right in the U.S. Constitution, firearms have played a pivotal but controversial role in America's history and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Classroom Resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Use the Above the Noise discussion guide and student worksheet to start a conversation in your classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Classroom-Guide.pdf\" target=\"new\">Classroom Discussion Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Student-Viewing-Notes.pdf\" target=\"new\">Student Viewing Notes Handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal gun regulations, though, were largely nonexistent until fairly recently. And it wasn't until the late 1970s that gun control began to emerge as one of the most explosive, divisive issues in American politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to tighten firearms regulations often resume in the wake of horrific mass shootings, but nearly every recent attempt has been shot down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: On June 2016, a lone gunman, wielding a semi-automatic rifle and handgun terrorized a gay night club in Orlando, killing 49 people and wounding scores more. The attack marked the deadliest mass shooting (committed by a single person) in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight days later, Senate Democrats \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/06/21/482900199/senate-rejects-4-gun-measures-sparked-by-orlando-shooting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tried to push through\u003c/a> a set of legislation to expand background checks to gun shows and Internet sales, and to prevent anyone on the U.S. terror watch list from purchasing guns. The relatively modest measures were quickly scrapped by the Republican-controlled Senate. 2013 legislation proposed in the months after a gunman killed 20 young children and six adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. suffered a similar fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, U.S. gun laws remain exceptionally lenient in comparison to regulations in just about every other industrialized country in the world. Meanwhile, the gun death rate in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/upshot/compare-these-gun-death-rates-the-us-is-in-a-different-world.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far outpaces\u003c/a> that of any other wealthy Western nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ?app=desktop&persist_app=1&noapp=1\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video at top explains, the debate over access to guns is only likely to grow more thorny and complicated with the emergence and spread of new manufacturing technologies -- like 3-D printing -- that give more people the opportunity to create their own homemade weapons that are not yet regulated under existing federal gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the prickly history of federal firearms laws, scroll through this interactive timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1A-l2IEyg9YWSVhB1IVCuopezNE_jVeNHAb4leFnG0Ko&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(\u003ca href=\"http://embed.verite.co/timeline/?source=0AnEnE7F1dz7DdFRWeWlaQnF1TERlUHZIRE1tdDdjT3c&font=Bevan-PotanoSans&maptype=toner&lang=en&height=650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Click here\u003c/a> for full-screen mode)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included as a fundamental right in the U.S. Constitution, firearms have played a pivotal but controversial role in America's history and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Classroom Resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Use the Above the Noise discussion guide and student worksheet to start a conversation in your classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Classroom-Guide.pdf\" target=\"new\">Classroom Discussion Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2017/07/Above-the-Noise-Student-Viewing-Notes.pdf\" target=\"new\">Student Viewing Notes Handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal gun regulations, though, were largely nonexistent until fairly recently. And it wasn't until the late 1970s that gun control began to emerge as one of the most explosive, divisive issues in American politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to tighten firearms regulations often resume in the wake of horrific mass shootings, but nearly every recent attempt has been shot down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: On June 2016, a lone gunman, wielding a semi-automatic rifle and handgun terrorized a gay night club in Orlando, killing 49 people and wounding scores more. The attack marked the deadliest mass shooting (committed by a single person) in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight days later, Senate Democrats \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/06/21/482900199/senate-rejects-4-gun-measures-sparked-by-orlando-shooting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tried to push through\u003c/a> a set of legislation to expand background checks to gun shows and Internet sales, and to prevent anyone on the U.S. terror watch list from purchasing guns. The relatively modest measures were quickly scrapped by the Republican-controlled Senate. 2013 legislation proposed in the months after a gunman killed 20 young children and six adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. suffered a similar fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, U.S. gun laws remain exceptionally lenient in comparison to regulations in just about every other industrialized country in the world. Meanwhile, the gun death rate in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/upshot/compare-these-gun-death-rates-the-us-is-in-a-different-world.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far outpaces\u003c/a> that of any other wealthy Western nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ?app=desktop&persist_app=1&noapp=1\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video at top explains, the debate over access to guns is only likely to grow more thorny and complicated with the emergence and spread of new manufacturing technologies -- like 3-D printing -- that give more people the opportunity to create their own homemade weapons that are not yet regulated under existing federal gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the prickly history of federal firearms laws, scroll through this interactive timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1A-l2IEyg9YWSVhB1IVCuopezNE_jVeNHAb4leFnG0Ko&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(\u003ca href=\"http://embed.verite.co/timeline/?source=0AnEnE7F1dz7DdFRWeWlaQnF1TERlUHZIRE1tdDdjT3c&font=Bevan-PotanoSans&maptype=toner&lang=en&height=650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Click here\u003c/a> for full-screen mode)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "VIDEO: What's the Deal with the Crime Rate (and Why Can't Anyone Agree on It)?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the many spirited exchanges between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton over the course of their three debates in 2016, the following from their first encounter was particularly notable:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton: \"Crime has continued to drop, including murders.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump: \"You're wrong. You're wrong. Murders are up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're talking concrete figures here. So someone had to be mistaken ... right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In actuality, they were both kind of right (or wrong, depending on how you look at it).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Clinton's point, the violent crime rate, including the murder rate, was very recently at its lowest point in more than 40 years (see the chart below). So in that sense, crime has indeed dropped precipitously and, for the most part, steadily. But, as Trump insistently reminded voters throughout the campaign, there has in fact been an uptick in violent crime since 2014. Between 2014 and 2015, the FBI reported a 3.1 percent increase in violent crime and a 10 percent increase in murders. And the agency's preliminary 2016 data show further increases, an important data point that Clinton omitted in her reference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, though, Trump neglected to mention that in 2014 the rate of violent crime (murder, rape, aggravated assault and robbery) had dropped to less than half of what it was in 1991. So, while any rise in violent crime, particularly homicides, is certainly cause for concern and deserving of attention, it's worth noting that the uptick in question is being measured against the lowest crime rate in modern history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: none;\" title=\"U.S. Violent Crime rate\" src=\"//e.infogram.com/us_violent_crime_rate?src=embed\" width=\"650\" height=\"568\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: none;\" title=\"U.S. Violent Crime Rate by type: 1960-2012\" src=\"//e.infogram.com/americas-violent-crime-rate-1960---2012?src=embed\" width=\"650\" height=\"620\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which underscores why talking about crime rates can turn into such a tricky, emotionally fueled and often misleading exercise. As this Above the Noise video explains, it all comes down to which dataset you look at, what section of it you focus on and what you compare your results to. In other words, if you cherry-pick the data, you can generally hook whatever conclusion you're fishing for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Use the scroll bar below to zoom in and view specific data ranges]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://fusiontables.google.com/embedviz?containerId=googft-gviz-canvas&viz=GVIZ&t=LINE_AGGREGATE&isXyPlot=true&bsize=0.0&q=select+col0%2C+col1+from+17UuKHVucbTxYO-Wx4gl8Zm2673N_AcUWQ4p0sBdA&qrs=+where+col0+%3E%3D+&qre=+and+col0+%3C%3D+&qe=+order+by+col0+asc&uiversion=2&rstart=1960%2F1%2F1+0%3A0%3A0&rend=2015%2F1%2F10+21%3A30%3A19&gco_forceIFrame=true&gco_hasLabelsColumn=true&width=700&height=560\" width=\"700\" height=\"560\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the issue of emotion-driven perceptions and the influence of pervasive crime reporting in the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2016/11/16114133/FT_16.11.16_crime_trend.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright\" src=\"http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2016/11/16114133/FT_16.11.16_crime_trend.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"279\" height=\"251\">\u003c/a>As the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/16/voters-perceptions-of-crime-continue-to-conflict-with-reality/ft_16-11-16_crime_trend/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pew Research Center notes\u003c/a>, Americans typically believe crime is on the rise, even when that notion is directly contradicted by data. In each of the 21 Gallup surveys conducted since 1989, a majority of respondents said that \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/1603/crime.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crime in the U.S. had risen\u003c/a> since the previous year, despite the generally downward trend in both violent and property crime rates during most of that time period. And a 2016 Pew Research survey found that 57 percent of registered voters thought crime had \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/11/10/a-divided-and-pessimistic-electorate/3-11/\">gotten worse\u003c/a> since 2008, even though both violent and property crime rates \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/16/voters-perceptions-of-crime-continue-to-conflict-with-reality/\">declined by double-digit percentages\u003c/a> during that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask a roomful of criminologists to explain what causes dramatic changes in crime rates and you’ll likely get a generous sampling of conflicting answers. From demographic trends and poverty levels to policing strategies and, as Trump proclaims, a general breakdown in law and order, theories abound as to what factors lead to spikes and drops in regional and national rates. It's easy to find correlations. But hard evidence of causation is more elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a conundrum of particular concern for places like Chicago, where murder rates have soared in recent years, not to mention other urban areas like St. Louis and Detroit, where rates of murder and other violent crimes have remained stubbornly high for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI's \u003ca href=\"https://ucr.fbi.gov/ucr-publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annual crime report\u003c/a> is the most cited and comprehensive national crime report card, but it's certainly not without holes. It relies on voluntary reporting from more than 18,000 law enforcement jurisdictions around the country, including city, county, university, state, tribal and federal agencies. For the 2015 report, the most recent full-year report to date (data for all of 2016 will be released this fall), 16,643 local agencies -- about 90 percent of the the total enrolled in the program -- submitted data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another national crime measure is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=245\">annual Bureau of Justice Statistics survey \u003c/a>of more than 90,000 households, which asks Americans ages 12 and older if they've been victims of crime in the last six months and whether they've reported those crimes to the police. The 2015 survey found that only about half of respondents who admitted to being victims had actually notified the authorities. Reasons for not reporting included the belief that the police “would not or could not do anything to help” or that the crime was “a personal issue or too trivial to report,” according to BJS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the data that are publicly available do not provide a complete picture of crime in America. But they do offer a reasonable approximation. And by nearly every estimate, the overall violent crime rate is higher than it was a few years ago, but substantially lower than it was throughout the 1970s, '80s and early '90s.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the many spirited exchanges between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton over the course of their three debates in 2016, the following from their first encounter was particularly notable:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton: \"Crime has continued to drop, including murders.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump: \"You're wrong. You're wrong. Murders are up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're talking concrete figures here. So someone had to be mistaken ... right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In actuality, they were both kind of right (or wrong, depending on how you look at it).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Clinton's point, the violent crime rate, including the murder rate, was very recently at its lowest point in more than 40 years (see the chart below). So in that sense, crime has indeed dropped precipitously and, for the most part, steadily. But, as Trump insistently reminded voters throughout the campaign, there has in fact been an uptick in violent crime since 2014. Between 2014 and 2015, the FBI reported a 3.1 percent increase in violent crime and a 10 percent increase in murders. And the agency's preliminary 2016 data show further increases, an important data point that Clinton omitted in her reference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, though, Trump neglected to mention that in 2014 the rate of violent crime (murder, rape, aggravated assault and robbery) had dropped to less than half of what it was in 1991. So, while any rise in violent crime, particularly homicides, is certainly cause for concern and deserving of attention, it's worth noting that the uptick in question is being measured against the lowest crime rate in modern history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: none;\" title=\"U.S. Violent Crime rate\" src=\"//e.infogram.com/us_violent_crime_rate?src=embed\" width=\"650\" height=\"568\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: none;\" title=\"U.S. Violent Crime Rate by type: 1960-2012\" src=\"//e.infogram.com/americas-violent-crime-rate-1960---2012?src=embed\" width=\"650\" height=\"620\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which underscores why talking about crime rates can turn into such a tricky, emotionally fueled and often misleading exercise. As this Above the Noise video explains, it all comes down to which dataset you look at, what section of it you focus on and what you compare your results to. In other words, if you cherry-pick the data, you can generally hook whatever conclusion you're fishing for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Use the scroll bar below to zoom in and view specific data ranges]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://fusiontables.google.com/embedviz?containerId=googft-gviz-canvas&viz=GVIZ&t=LINE_AGGREGATE&isXyPlot=true&bsize=0.0&q=select+col0%2C+col1+from+17UuKHVucbTxYO-Wx4gl8Zm2673N_AcUWQ4p0sBdA&qrs=+where+col0+%3E%3D+&qre=+and+col0+%3C%3D+&qe=+order+by+col0+asc&uiversion=2&rstart=1960%2F1%2F1+0%3A0%3A0&rend=2015%2F1%2F10+21%3A30%3A19&gco_forceIFrame=true&gco_hasLabelsColumn=true&width=700&height=560\" width=\"700\" height=\"560\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the issue of emotion-driven perceptions and the influence of pervasive crime reporting in the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2016/11/16114133/FT_16.11.16_crime_trend.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright\" src=\"http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2016/11/16114133/FT_16.11.16_crime_trend.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"279\" height=\"251\">\u003c/a>As the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/16/voters-perceptions-of-crime-continue-to-conflict-with-reality/ft_16-11-16_crime_trend/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pew Research Center notes\u003c/a>, Americans typically believe crime is on the rise, even when that notion is directly contradicted by data. In each of the 21 Gallup surveys conducted since 1989, a majority of respondents said that \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/1603/crime.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crime in the U.S. had risen\u003c/a> since the previous year, despite the generally downward trend in both violent and property crime rates during most of that time period. And a 2016 Pew Research survey found that 57 percent of registered voters thought crime had \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/11/10/a-divided-and-pessimistic-electorate/3-11/\">gotten worse\u003c/a> since 2008, even though both violent and property crime rates \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/16/voters-perceptions-of-crime-continue-to-conflict-with-reality/\">declined by double-digit percentages\u003c/a> during that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask a roomful of criminologists to explain what causes dramatic changes in crime rates and you’ll likely get a generous sampling of conflicting answers. From demographic trends and poverty levels to policing strategies and, as Trump proclaims, a general breakdown in law and order, theories abound as to what factors lead to spikes and drops in regional and national rates. It's easy to find correlations. But hard evidence of causation is more elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a conundrum of particular concern for places like Chicago, where murder rates have soared in recent years, not to mention other urban areas like St. Louis and Detroit, where rates of murder and other violent crimes have remained stubbornly high for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI's \u003ca href=\"https://ucr.fbi.gov/ucr-publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annual crime report\u003c/a> is the most cited and comprehensive national crime report card, but it's certainly not without holes. It relies on voluntary reporting from more than 18,000 law enforcement jurisdictions around the country, including city, county, university, state, tribal and federal agencies. For the 2015 report, the most recent full-year report to date (data for all of 2016 will be released this fall), 16,643 local agencies -- about 90 percent of the the total enrolled in the program -- submitted data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another national crime measure is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=245\">annual Bureau of Justice Statistics survey \u003c/a>of more than 90,000 households, which asks Americans ages 12 and older if they've been victims of crime in the last six months and whether they've reported those crimes to the police. The 2015 survey found that only about half of respondents who admitted to being victims had actually notified the authorities. Reasons for not reporting included the belief that the police “would not or could not do anything to help” or that the crime was “a personal issue or too trivial to report,” according to BJS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the data that are publicly available do not provide a complete picture of crime in America. But they do offer a reasonable approximation. And by nearly every estimate, the overall violent crime rate is higher than it was a few years ago, but substantially lower than it was throughout the 1970s, '80s and early '90s.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Contrary to popular belief, most homeless people in the America don't actually sleep on the street or in shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, as this Above the Noise video explains, the nation's homeless population includes a surprising number of young people and their families stuck in transitory housing situations, many of them couch-surfing or staying in cheap hotels in lieu of a home of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using state reporting data, the U.S. Department of Education \u003ca href=\"http://nche.ed.gov/downloads/data-comp-1213-1415.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimates\u003c/a> there were nearly 1.3 million homeless students nationwide during the 2014-15 school year. That's double what it was 10 years ago, and only includes k-12 students enrolled in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27536\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-27536 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data based on mandatory reporting from local school districts. \u003ccite>(America's Promise Alliance)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The DoE estimates that more than 75 percent of these students sleep temporarily in other people's houses as a result, primarily, of severe economic hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means well over 1 million public school students are living in insecure housing situations, without rooms of their own or even beds they can necessarily rely on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.americaspromise.org/report/hidden-plain-sight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2016 report\u003c/a> by nonpartisan America's Promise Alliance, homeless students are disproportionately minorities and much more likely than their peers to struggle academically and have poor attendance and more disciplinary issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike the nearly 600,000 homeless people on the nation's streets or in shelters registered in 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2016-AHAR-Part-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">point-in-time counts\u003c/a>, it a good deal harder for schools to identify which of their students are homeless and try to provide them with the help they might need.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Contrary to popular belief, most homeless people in the America don't actually sleep on the street or in shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, as this Above the Noise video explains, the nation's homeless population includes a surprising number of young people and their families stuck in transitory housing situations, many of them couch-surfing or staying in cheap hotels in lieu of a home of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using state reporting data, the U.S. Department of Education \u003ca href=\"http://nche.ed.gov/downloads/data-comp-1213-1415.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimates\u003c/a> there were nearly 1.3 million homeless students nationwide during the 2014-15 school year. That's double what it was 10 years ago, and only includes k-12 students enrolled in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27536\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-27536 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/homeless-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data based on mandatory reporting from local school districts. \u003ccite>(America's Promise Alliance)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The DoE estimates that more than 75 percent of these students sleep temporarily in other people's houses as a result, primarily, of severe economic hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means well over 1 million public school students are living in insecure housing situations, without rooms of their own or even beds they can necessarily rely on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.americaspromise.org/report/hidden-plain-sight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2016 report\u003c/a> by nonpartisan America's Promise Alliance, homeless students are disproportionately minorities and much more likely than their peers to struggle academically and have poor attendance and more disciplinary issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike the nearly 600,000 homeless people on the nation's streets or in shelters registered in 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2016-AHAR-Part-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">point-in-time counts\u003c/a>, it a good deal harder for schools to identify which of their students are homeless and try to provide them with the help they might need.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bloodsuckers! The War on Mosquitoes",
"title": "Bloodsuckers! The War on Mosquitoes",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/CB_h7aheAEM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharks aren't even close. Neither are bears or crocodiles or scorpions or wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the deadliest animal in the world is hardly the terrifying beast you might expect. Rather, it's that incredibly annoying, unwelcome dinner guest that can easily ruin an otherwise delightful summertime picnic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm talking, of course, about mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those tiny ear-buzzing, blood-sucking buggers kill more people each year, by a long shot, than any other animal. On average, they're even deadlier to humans than humans are to each other (which is sadly, a pretty high threshold).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just take a look at this infographic from \u003ca href=\"https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/Mapping-the-End-of-Malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Gates' blog\u003c/a>, which shows a selection of the world's deadliest creatures. Among the pack, mosquitoes -- female mosquitoes, to be exact -- are the world's most dangerous assassins, responsible for more than an estimated 830,000 deaths in 2015 alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27386 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-160x320.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-768x1536.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-240x480.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-375x750.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-520x1040.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, not all mosquitoes are created equal. Of the thousands of species buzzing around, some are much deadlier than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last couple of years, the mosquito species Aedes aegypti has garnered perhaps the most attention, at least in parts of the U.S. where it resides. It's the one that can transmit a generous selection of very nasty diseases including Zika, yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Aedes, though, is hardly the deadliest of the pack. That title goes to the Anopheles, a mosquito species endemic to many tropical regions of the world that can transmit a parasitic infection that causes malaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malaria is responsible for more than half of all mosquito-related deaths, and remains one of the most pressing health issues in much of the developing world. There were an estimated 214 million cases in 2015, resulting in more than 430,000 deaths, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease is still the biggest killer of children under five, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Health Organization\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As grim as that sounds, the number of fatalities worldwide has actually fallen sharply in recent decades, dropping by more than 60 percent since 2000 (translating to nearly 7 million lives saved). And Gates, a major funder of malaria prevention efforts, believes it can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/Eradicating-Malaria-in-a-Generation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eradicated worldwide\u003c/a> by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent history supports this conviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>100 years ago, malaria existed just about everywhere in the world. By mid-century, though, most industrialized nations, had wiped it out almost entirely, the result of well-funded eradication campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, malaria is generally considered a disease confined to poor, tropical regions of the world. But that's not an inevitability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although harder to eradicate in tropical climates that are particularly good for mosquito breeding, the disease is entirely preventable if attacked with the appropriate resources. In fact, it's a region's wealth rather than it's physical environment that plays the largest role in determining the fate of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27390\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-27390 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-1020x587.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-1020x587.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-160x92.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-800x460.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-768x442.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-1180x679.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-960x552.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-240x138.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-375x216.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-520x299.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Malaria Report\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Malaria, for instance, was long a serious public health issue in the United States, particularly in warm, swampy southern regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was founded during World War II as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/elimination_us.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office of Malaria Control in War Areas\u003c/a>. The agency was charged with preventing troops stationed abroad from contracting malaria. It also waged a concerted domestic effort to eradicate it in the South (which is why the CDC is based in Atlanta). In 1947, when the agency commenced its National Malaria Eradication Program in 13 southeastern states, there were roughly 15,000 reported cases of malaria in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 1949, more than 4.6 million houses in the South had been sprayed with the highly toxic insecticide DDT. The agency also conducted large-scale drainage projects to remove mosquito breeding sites, provided training to local health agencies and even ran publicity campaigns against the mosquitoes, including the cartoon below. By 1951, operations ceased, and the disease was declared eradicated in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/iSbKqi41Hi0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1955, the World Health Organization began a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">major international effort\u003c/a>, along the lines of the NMEP program, to target the Anopheles species and eradicate malaria worldwide. The campaign, however, was eventually abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CB_h7aheAEM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CB_h7aheAEM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Sharks aren't even close. Neither are bears or crocodiles or scorpions or wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the deadliest animal in the world is hardly the terrifying beast you might expect. Rather, it's that incredibly annoying, unwelcome dinner guest that can easily ruin an otherwise delightful summertime picnic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm talking, of course, about mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those tiny ear-buzzing, blood-sucking buggers kill more people each year, by a long shot, than any other animal. On average, they're even deadlier to humans than humans are to each other (which is sadly, a pretty high threshold).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just take a look at this infographic from \u003ca href=\"https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/Mapping-the-End-of-Malaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Gates' blog\u003c/a>, which shows a selection of the world's deadliest creatures. Among the pack, mosquitoes -- female mosquitoes, to be exact -- are the world's most dangerous assassins, responsible for more than an estimated 830,000 deaths in 2015 alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27386 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-160x320.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-768x1536.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-240x480.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-375x750.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/TGN_Mosquitos_TGN_800px-V2-520x1040.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, not all mosquitoes are created equal. Of the thousands of species buzzing around, some are much deadlier than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last couple of years, the mosquito species Aedes aegypti has garnered perhaps the most attention, at least in parts of the U.S. where it resides. It's the one that can transmit a generous selection of very nasty diseases including Zika, yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Aedes, though, is hardly the deadliest of the pack. That title goes to the Anopheles, a mosquito species endemic to many tropical regions of the world that can transmit a parasitic infection that causes malaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malaria is responsible for more than half of all mosquito-related deaths, and remains one of the most pressing health issues in much of the developing world. There were an estimated 214 million cases in 2015, resulting in more than 430,000 deaths, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease is still the biggest killer of children under five, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Health Organization\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As grim as that sounds, the number of fatalities worldwide has actually fallen sharply in recent decades, dropping by more than 60 percent since 2000 (translating to nearly 7 million lives saved). And Gates, a major funder of malaria prevention efforts, believes it can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/Eradicating-Malaria-in-a-Generation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eradicated worldwide\u003c/a> by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent history supports this conviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>100 years ago, malaria existed just about everywhere in the world. By mid-century, though, most industrialized nations, had wiped it out almost entirely, the result of well-funded eradication campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, malaria is generally considered a disease confined to poor, tropical regions of the world. But that's not an inevitability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although harder to eradicate in tropical climates that are particularly good for mosquito breeding, the disease is entirely preventable if attacked with the appropriate resources. In fact, it's a region's wealth rather than it's physical environment that plays the largest role in determining the fate of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27390\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-27390 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-1020x587.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-1020x587.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-160x92.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-800x460.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-768x442.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-1180x679.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-960x552.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-240x138.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-375x216.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap-520x299.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/malariamap.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Malaria Report\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Malaria, for instance, was long a serious public health issue in the United States, particularly in warm, swampy southern regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was founded during World War II as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/elimination_us.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office of Malaria Control in War Areas\u003c/a>. The agency was charged with preventing troops stationed abroad from contracting malaria. It also waged a concerted domestic effort to eradicate it in the South (which is why the CDC is based in Atlanta). In 1947, when the agency commenced its National Malaria Eradication Program in 13 southeastern states, there were roughly 15,000 reported cases of malaria in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 1949, more than 4.6 million houses in the South had been sprayed with the highly toxic insecticide DDT. The agency also conducted large-scale drainage projects to remove mosquito breeding sites, provided training to local health agencies and even ran publicity campaigns against the mosquitoes, including the cartoon below. By 1951, operations ceased, and the disease was declared eradicated in the U.S.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/iSbKqi41Hi0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/iSbKqi41Hi0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1955, the World Health Organization began a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">major international effort\u003c/a>, along the lines of the NMEP program, to target the Anopheles species and eradicate malaria worldwide. The campaign, however, was eventually abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Chilling Effect: Why San Francisco Gets So Dang Foggy in the Summer [Interactive]",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/69445362?portrait=0\" width=\"650\" height=\"350\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alright, so Mark Twain may never have actually \u003ca href=\"http://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/11/30/coldest-winter/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said it himself\u003c/a>. But the statement still stands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As any naïve tourist shivering miserably in a tank top and Bermuda shorts might attest, summertime in San Francisco can be downright frigid.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"FKC5uvuWHJF9wBTomTqzTNjDPpEGWhzP\"]\u003cbr>\nWelcome to the infamous \"June Gloom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on days when the temperature in nearby cities climbs into the luscious 90's (°F), it's not uncommon to find much of San Francisco shrouded in a thick blanket of bone-chilling fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're still a bit foggy (sorry, couldn't resist) about why that is, scroll through this great interactive explainer created by \u003ca href=\"http://newsbound.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Newsbound\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1100\" height=\"620\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/newsbound/sf_fog/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a bit more clarity (about the fog, that is), watch the beautiful time-lapse film (at top) by Simon Christen, and below, this short video by KQED's Quest that digs deeper into the science of coastal fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"650\" height=\"366\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/19c09UgIB-4\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're still a bit foggy (sorry, couldn't resist) about why that is, scroll through this great interactive explainer created by \u003ca href=\"http://newsbound.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Newsbound\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1100\" height=\"620\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/newsbound/sf_fog/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a bit more clarity (about the fog, that is), watch the beautiful time-lapse film (at top) by Simon Christen, and below, this short video by KQED's Quest that digs deeper into the science of coastal fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"650\" height=\"366\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/19c09UgIB-4\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Comey-Trump Saga: How We Got Here",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->With news like this, who needs \"House of Cards\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If ever there was a Super Bowl of public affairs events, it happened on Thursday. That's when recently ousted FBI director James Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/08/531643678/comey-accuses-white-house-of-lies-plain-and-simple-about-his-firing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified\u003c/a> before the Senate Intelligence Committee. He pulled no punches, seizing the opportunity to air a formidable list of grievances against President Trump and his administration, and raising the possibility that the president's actions constituted obstruction of justice. Comey spoke as a private citizen just a month after Trump abruptly fired him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1cwdYpTCSz1WLQ0sTJ1nqEu2fxmyzgSu8dvW7xpMjp_s&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"1100\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">A quick glossary of juicy legal jargon\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Obstruction of justice\u003c/strong>: The act of interfering with a federal investigation by attempting to corruptly influence the process. A non-violent obstruction can result \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in a prison sentence \u003c/a>of up to 10 years. Bill Clinton and Richard Nixon were both accused of obstruction of justice, but never prosecuted (it's actually up for debate whether a sitting president can be criminally prosecuted at all).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Collusion\u003c/strong>: A secret agreement or act of cooperation between two or more parties, often for an illegal or deceitful purpose. There's no official legal definition and it's not a crime in and of itself, although it is often linked to criminal actions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Person of interest\u003c/strong>: A term used by law enforcement for someone potentially involved in a criminal investigation who, unlike a \"target,\" has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Back channel\u003c/strong>: A secret, unofficial and often unauthorized means of communication.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even before it officially began, Trump's short presidency has been clouded by an ongoing FBI investigation into Russian influence in the 2016 election, and possible collusion between Trump's campaign and Russian officials. The plot only thickened following revelations that Comey was fired just days after he had reportedly requested more resources to extend the Russia investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey was appointed by President Obama in 2013 to serve a 10-year term. His removal is only the second time a sitting president has ever fired an FBI chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey's firing immediately \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/08MwS3qEu6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drew comparisons\u003c/a> to a notorious incident in October 1973, when embattled President Richard Nixon ordered the firing of the special prosecutor investigating the Watergate scandal. In what became known as the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/11/the-saturday-night-massacre-your-commander-in-chief-has-given-you-an-order/?utm_term=.461af07d3ec2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday Night Massacre\u003c/a>,\" the event triggered a public and political outcry that accelerated Nixon's eventual resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26858\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-160x124.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-800x618.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-768x594.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1020x788.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1180x912.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-960x742.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-240x185.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-375x290.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-520x402.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Washington Post front page from Oct. 21, 1973, in what would become known as the \"Saturday Night Massacre.” \u003ccite>(washingtonpost.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "The Comey-Trump Saga: How We Got Here",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->With news like this, who needs \"House of Cards\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If ever there was a Super Bowl of public affairs events, it happened on Thursday. That's when recently ousted FBI director James Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/08/531643678/comey-accuses-white-house-of-lies-plain-and-simple-about-his-firing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified\u003c/a> before the Senate Intelligence Committee. He pulled no punches, seizing the opportunity to air a formidable list of grievances against President Trump and his administration, and raising the possibility that the president's actions constituted obstruction of justice. Comey spoke as a private citizen just a month after Trump abruptly fired him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1cwdYpTCSz1WLQ0sTJ1nqEu2fxmyzgSu8dvW7xpMjp_s&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"1100\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">A quick glossary of juicy legal jargon\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Obstruction of justice\u003c/strong>: The act of interfering with a federal investigation by attempting to corruptly influence the process. A non-violent obstruction can result \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in a prison sentence \u003c/a>of up to 10 years. Bill Clinton and Richard Nixon were both accused of obstruction of justice, but never prosecuted (it's actually up for debate whether a sitting president can be criminally prosecuted at all).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Collusion\u003c/strong>: A secret agreement or act of cooperation between two or more parties, often for an illegal or deceitful purpose. There's no official legal definition and it's not a crime in and of itself, although it is often linked to criminal actions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Person of interest\u003c/strong>: A term used by law enforcement for someone potentially involved in a criminal investigation who, unlike a \"target,\" has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Back channel\u003c/strong>: A secret, unofficial and often unauthorized means of communication.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even before it officially began, Trump's short presidency has been clouded by an ongoing FBI investigation into Russian influence in the 2016 election, and possible collusion between Trump's campaign and Russian officials. The plot only thickened following revelations that Comey was fired just days after he had reportedly requested more resources to extend the Russia investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey was appointed by President Obama in 2013 to serve a 10-year term. His removal is only the second time a sitting president has ever fired an FBI chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey's firing immediately \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/08MwS3qEu6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drew comparisons\u003c/a> to a notorious incident in October 1973, when embattled President Richard Nixon ordered the firing of the special prosecutor investigating the Watergate scandal. In what became known as the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/11/the-saturday-night-massacre-your-commander-in-chief-has-given-you-an-order/?utm_term=.461af07d3ec2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday Night Massacre\u003c/a>,\" the event triggered a public and political outcry that accelerated Nixon's eventual resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26858\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-26858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox.png 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-160x124.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-800x618.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-768x594.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1020x788.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-1180x912.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-960x742.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-240x185.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-375x290.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/washpo_cox-520x402.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Washington Post front page from Oct. 21, 1973, in what would become known as the \"Saturday Night Massacre.” \u003ccite>(washingtonpost.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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