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"bio": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.sarahhenrywriter.com/\">Sarah Henry\u003c/a> hails from Sydney, Australia, where she grew up eating lamingtons, Vegemite, and prawns (not shrimp) on the barbie (barbecue). Sarah has called the Bay Area home for the past two decades and remembers how delighted she was when a modest farmers' market sprouted in downtown San Francisco years ago. As a freelance writer Sarah has covered local food people, places, politics, culture, and news for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/food/article/Latina-entrepreneurs-share-wealth-knowledge-2693764.php\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/food-wine/ci_21619882/good-eggs-pie-subscriptions-and-seafood-deliveries\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://alumni.berkeley.edu/news/california-magazine/fall-2011-good-fight/justice%E2%80%94and-good-grub%E2%80%94-all\">California\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.diablomag.com/Diablo-Magazine/November-2012/Artisan-Eats/\">Diablo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ediblecommunities.com/eastbay/fall-2012/school-lunch-20.htm\">Edible East Bay\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ediblecommunities.com/marinandwinecountry/summer-2012-issue-14/getting-wild-at-a-west-marin-supper-club.htm\">Edible Marin & Wine Country\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>. A contributor to the national food policy site \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>, her stories have also appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/sarah-henry/\">The Atlantic\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.afar.com/highlights/kamal-mouzawaks-beirut-lebanon\">AFAR\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.gilttaste.com/stories/5207-a-family-tied-together-by-apron-strings\">Gilt Taste\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lhj.com/community/your-stories/whats-for-dinner-dude/?page=1\">Ladies' Home Journal\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/author/sarah-henry/\">Grist\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.shareable.net/users/sarah-henry\">Shareable\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatingwell.com/food_news_origins/green_sustainable/host_a_diy_food_swap\">Eating Well\u003c/a>. An epicurean tour guide for \u003ca href=\"http://edibleexcursions.net/\">Edible Excursions\u003c/a>, Sarah is the voice behind the blog \u003ca href=\"http://lettuceeatkale.com/\">Lettuce Eat Kale\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/lettuceeatkale\">tweets\u003c/a> under that moniker too.",
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"disqusTitle": "New Agriculture Policy Changes May Make it Easier to Start an Urban Farm in Oakland",
"title": "New Agriculture Policy Changes May Make it Easier to Start an Urban Farm in Oakland",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Potential-new-zoning-regulations-will-make-it-easier-to-start-an-urban-farm-in-Oakland.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Potential-new-zoning-regulations-will-make-it-easier-to-start-an-urban-farm-in-Oakland.jpg\" alt=\"Potential new zoning regulations will make it easier to start an urban farm in Oakland. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89691\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potential new zoning regulations will make it easier to start an urban farm in Oakland. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a foggy fall day at West Oakland’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityslickerfarms.org/\" target=\"_blank\">City Slicker Farms\u003c/a> in Union Plaza Park, but by looking at the lush and green garden boxes full of basil, Swiss chard, and collard greens it’s hard to believe the growing season is almost over. While volunteers are planting root vegetables for the winter and picking the last of the green tomatoes, some food policy advocates are trying to harvest change in Oakland’s City Council. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/A-bountiful-bunch-of-basil-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/A-bountiful-bunch-of-basil-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\" alt=\"A bountiful bunch of basil at City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1503\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bountiful bunch of basil at City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89689\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Joseph-Davis-Ellie-Gertler-and-Haider-Zafar-tend-the-garden-beds-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Joseph-Davis-Ellie-Gertler-and-Haider-Zafar-tend-the-garden-beds-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph Davis, Ellie Gertler and Haider Zafar tend the garden beds at City Slicker Farms. Credit: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joseph Davis, Ellie Gertler and Haider Zafar tend the garden beds at City Slicker Farms. Credit: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week, Oakland City Council first considered \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/w/oak049146\" target=\"_blank\">amendments\u003c/a> to the city’s zoning policies that would make it easier and cheaper to start urban farms and gardens in Oakland. The first vote passed unanimously, and on November 18, there will be final vote for these changes at the council meeting. Food policy activists and urban farming supporters are confident this vote will also be successful. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some exceptions, like farms that include chickens or other livestock, these new regulations would remove the expensive and burdensome permit process from community gardens and farms in Oakland. Previously it could cost up to $3,000 to apply for a Conditional Use Permit (CUP), a process that could take several months without the guarantee of approval. The proposed changes would designate agriculture activities like growing and selling fruits, vegetables, and herbs; and keeping up to three beehives, as a right. It would also change the definition of a community garden from land cultivated by “more than one” to “one or more” persons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you're just starting a farm, or basically or really just interested in growing your own food, to have that barrier immediately of a permit is such a stopping point,” says Ariel Dekovic, the interim executive director of City Slicker Farms. “ It really says as a city, ‘Oakland doesn't value people’s rights to grow their own food.’ So from our perspective and from our experience this is so important because it really just opens up that right.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Ariel-Dekovic-the-interim-Executive-Director-for-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Ariel-Dekovic-the-interim-Executive-Director-for-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\" alt=\"Ariel Dekovic - the interim executive director for City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"665\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89685\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ariel Dekovic - the interim executive director for City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>City Slicker Farms has been around since 2001 and already has CUPs for the 12 chickens they raise on site, but Dekovic says founder Willow Rosenthal probably faced barriers similar to the ones these new amendments are trying to get rid of. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“She saw the total lack of access to any kind of healthy fresh food in West Oakland. There just were no grocery stores, no place where you could get affordable healthy food easily,” Dekovic says. “That lack of access combined with a deep history in the neighborhood of residents who either had family members, family knowledge, or interest in growing their own food was the catalyst for City Slicker Farms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/City-Slicker-Farms-in-West-Oakland-is-one-of-the-few-places-in-the-neighborhood-to-get-fresh-healthy-produce.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/City-Slicker-Farms-in-West-Oakland-is-one-of-the-few-places-in-the-neighborhood-to-get-fresh-healthy-produce.jpg\" alt=\"City Slicker Farms in West Oakland is one of the few places in the neighborhood to get fresh, healthy produce. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89686\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Slicker Farms in West Oakland is one of the few places in the neighborhood to get fresh, healthy produce. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aside from the community markets City Slicker Farms holds every Saturday, it still is very difficult to access fresh, healthy food in West Oakland. The nearest supermarket is the Pak N Save in Emeryville, and other local grocery stores can take a 45-minute bus ride to reach. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other organizations have begun responding to this lack of access, and West Oakland is becoming a hub for community farming. For the past few years, an organization called the \u003ca href=\"http://peoplescommunitymarket.com/\" target=\"_blank\">People’s Community Market\u003c/a> has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/04/02/coming-soon-a-supermarket-in-west-oakland/\" target=\"_blank\">working to build\u003c/a> a full-service supermarket in West Oakland. The Oakland Unified School district is also working to create a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.k12.ca.us/cms/lib07/CA01001176/Centricity/Domain/118/OUSD_CentralKitchen_ConceptPaper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">central kitchen\u003c/a> with an attached urban farm and education center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Murals-painted-by-the-community-in-response-to-recent-vandalism-at-the-farm.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Murals-painted-by-the-community-in-response-to-recent-vandalism-at-the-farm.jpg\" alt=\"Murals painted by the community in response to recent vandalism at the farm. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89690\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Murals painted by the community in response to recent vandalism at the farm. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, in the meantime Dekovic says it needs to be easy for as many people as possible to start growing their own food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you look at the report it mentions a goal that Oakland has about supporting community gardens that are multi-generational, multiethnic and welcoming to all. And this is the first step. If you are making it a right for people to be able to do this, this is really the first step to embracing that truly.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Esperanza Pallana, the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandfood.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Food Policy Council\u003c/a> (OFPC), agrees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"To acknowledge the right to grow our own food is particularly profound because the United States does not view food as a basic human right. It would be a significant statement for our city to not only view food as a basic right, but that growing it ourselves is a right. I hope Oakland can set an example for national food policy,” she says.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For the past four years Pallana and the OFPC have been working to form changes like the ones that will be decided on November 18. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this policy is also important because the rate of hunger in Alameda County is \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/news/pressreleases/pr2014-05-05CalFreshAwareness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">higher than ever\u003c/a>, Pallana adds. \"We have a climate than enables year round production of food crops. There is no reason why we can’t be growing our own way out of dependency on a food system than doesn’t serve us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Dekovic and Pallana agree that if and when these amendments pass, the work of the urban farming and food policy advocate isn’t over, it’s only the first step in an ongoing discussion. Dekovic says she would eventually like to see Oakland make the permitting process easier for urban farmers to raise livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Chickens are a pretty natural part of a produce farm, there’s a lot of beneficial systems going on there and so right now there are barriers to that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Land security is another huge issue. Dekovic worries about not being able to control the fate of farm space, which takes a lot of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89688\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Fresh-green-beans-on-the-vine-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Fresh-green-beans-on-the-vine-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\" alt=\"Fresh green beans on the vine at City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89688\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fresh green beans on the vine at City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/A-row-of-collard-greens-almost-ready-for-harvest-.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/A-row-of-collard-greens-almost-ready-for-harvest-.jpg\" alt=\"A row of collard greens almost ready for harvest. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89684\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A row of collard greens almost ready for harvest. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“How do we protect, enable and empower the residents who want to just have smaller scale community gardens?” One example, she says, is borrowing San Francisco’s idea for giving \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/09/09/tax-breaks-may-turn-san-franciscos-vacant-lots-into-urban-farms/\" target=\"_blank\">tax breaks\u003c/a> to people who open up their land to urban farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even more, there’s a larger discussion that needs to take place about the role of urban farms and community gardens in areas where \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/gentrification-and-the-urban-garden\" target=\"_blank\">gentrification\u003c/a> is changing the character of neighborhoods and creating tension between longtime residents and newcomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban farming isn't new, Dekovic says. “My grandmother moved to the Richmond District in the 1950s from the Philippines, had a giant backyard and was growing her food there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Our mission is really to empower residents of West Oakland typically who have lived here a long time and have been doing this for a long time, but when realtors advertise the urban garden as something that it's not, something hip and fashionable, something designed to sell property and rack up home prices, it raises some interesting questions.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Ellie-Gertler-and-Haider-Zafar-plant-carrot-seeds.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Ellie-Gertler-and-Haider-Zafar-plant-carrot-seeds.jpg\" alt=\"Ellie Gertler and Haider Zafar plant carrot seeds. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89687\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ellie Gertler and Haider Zafar plant carrot seeds. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Growing and selling your own kale and green tomatoes in Oakland may get a lot easier in the next few months. Next week the Oakland City Council will have a final vote on amendments to its agricultural zoning policy that will remove costly barriers to starting an urban farm.",
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"description": "Growing and selling your own kale and green tomatoes in Oakland may get a lot easier in the next few months. Next week the Oakland City Council will have a final vote on amendments to its agricultural zoning policy that will remove costly barriers to starting an urban farm.",
"title": "New Agriculture Policy Changes May Make it Easier to Start an Urban Farm in Oakland | KQED",
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"headline": "New Agriculture Policy Changes May Make it Easier to Start an Urban Farm in Oakland",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Potential-new-zoning-regulations-will-make-it-easier-to-start-an-urban-farm-in-Oakland.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Potential-new-zoning-regulations-will-make-it-easier-to-start-an-urban-farm-in-Oakland.jpg\" alt=\"Potential new zoning regulations will make it easier to start an urban farm in Oakland. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89691\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Potential new zoning regulations will make it easier to start an urban farm in Oakland. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a foggy fall day at West Oakland’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityslickerfarms.org/\" target=\"_blank\">City Slicker Farms\u003c/a> in Union Plaza Park, but by looking at the lush and green garden boxes full of basil, Swiss chard, and collard greens it’s hard to believe the growing season is almost over. While volunteers are planting root vegetables for the winter and picking the last of the green tomatoes, some food policy advocates are trying to harvest change in Oakland’s City Council. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/A-bountiful-bunch-of-basil-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/A-bountiful-bunch-of-basil-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\" alt=\"A bountiful bunch of basil at City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1503\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bountiful bunch of basil at City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89689\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Joseph-Davis-Ellie-Gertler-and-Haider-Zafar-tend-the-garden-beds-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Joseph-Davis-Ellie-Gertler-and-Haider-Zafar-tend-the-garden-beds-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph Davis, Ellie Gertler and Haider Zafar tend the garden beds at City Slicker Farms. Credit: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joseph Davis, Ellie Gertler and Haider Zafar tend the garden beds at City Slicker Farms. Credit: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week, Oakland City Council first considered \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/w/oak049146\" target=\"_blank\">amendments\u003c/a> to the city’s zoning policies that would make it easier and cheaper to start urban farms and gardens in Oakland. The first vote passed unanimously, and on November 18, there will be final vote for these changes at the council meeting. Food policy activists and urban farming supporters are confident this vote will also be successful. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some exceptions, like farms that include chickens or other livestock, these new regulations would remove the expensive and burdensome permit process from community gardens and farms in Oakland. Previously it could cost up to $3,000 to apply for a Conditional Use Permit (CUP), a process that could take several months without the guarantee of approval. The proposed changes would designate agriculture activities like growing and selling fruits, vegetables, and herbs; and keeping up to three beehives, as a right. It would also change the definition of a community garden from land cultivated by “more than one” to “one or more” persons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you're just starting a farm, or basically or really just interested in growing your own food, to have that barrier immediately of a permit is such a stopping point,” says Ariel Dekovic, the interim executive director of City Slicker Farms. “ It really says as a city, ‘Oakland doesn't value people’s rights to grow their own food.’ So from our perspective and from our experience this is so important because it really just opens up that right.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Ariel-Dekovic-the-interim-Executive-Director-for-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Ariel-Dekovic-the-interim-Executive-Director-for-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\" alt=\"Ariel Dekovic - the interim executive director for City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"665\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89685\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ariel Dekovic - the interim executive director for City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>City Slicker Farms has been around since 2001 and already has CUPs for the 12 chickens they raise on site, but Dekovic says founder Willow Rosenthal probably faced barriers similar to the ones these new amendments are trying to get rid of. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“She saw the total lack of access to any kind of healthy fresh food in West Oakland. There just were no grocery stores, no place where you could get affordable healthy food easily,” Dekovic says. “That lack of access combined with a deep history in the neighborhood of residents who either had family members, family knowledge, or interest in growing their own food was the catalyst for City Slicker Farms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/City-Slicker-Farms-in-West-Oakland-is-one-of-the-few-places-in-the-neighborhood-to-get-fresh-healthy-produce.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/City-Slicker-Farms-in-West-Oakland-is-one-of-the-few-places-in-the-neighborhood-to-get-fresh-healthy-produce.jpg\" alt=\"City Slicker Farms in West Oakland is one of the few places in the neighborhood to get fresh, healthy produce. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89686\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Slicker Farms in West Oakland is one of the few places in the neighborhood to get fresh, healthy produce. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aside from the community markets City Slicker Farms holds every Saturday, it still is very difficult to access fresh, healthy food in West Oakland. The nearest supermarket is the Pak N Save in Emeryville, and other local grocery stores can take a 45-minute bus ride to reach. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other organizations have begun responding to this lack of access, and West Oakland is becoming a hub for community farming. For the past few years, an organization called the \u003ca href=\"http://peoplescommunitymarket.com/\" target=\"_blank\">People’s Community Market\u003c/a> has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/04/02/coming-soon-a-supermarket-in-west-oakland/\" target=\"_blank\">working to build\u003c/a> a full-service supermarket in West Oakland. The Oakland Unified School district is also working to create a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.k12.ca.us/cms/lib07/CA01001176/Centricity/Domain/118/OUSD_CentralKitchen_ConceptPaper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">central kitchen\u003c/a> with an attached urban farm and education center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Murals-painted-by-the-community-in-response-to-recent-vandalism-at-the-farm.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Murals-painted-by-the-community-in-response-to-recent-vandalism-at-the-farm.jpg\" alt=\"Murals painted by the community in response to recent vandalism at the farm. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89690\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Murals painted by the community in response to recent vandalism at the farm. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, in the meantime Dekovic says it needs to be easy for as many people as possible to start growing their own food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you look at the report it mentions a goal that Oakland has about supporting community gardens that are multi-generational, multiethnic and welcoming to all. And this is the first step. If you are making it a right for people to be able to do this, this is really the first step to embracing that truly.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Esperanza Pallana, the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandfood.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Food Policy Council\u003c/a> (OFPC), agrees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"To acknowledge the right to grow our own food is particularly profound because the United States does not view food as a basic human right. It would be a significant statement for our city to not only view food as a basic right, but that growing it ourselves is a right. I hope Oakland can set an example for national food policy,” she says.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For the past four years Pallana and the OFPC have been working to form changes like the ones that will be decided on November 18. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this policy is also important because the rate of hunger in Alameda County is \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/news/pressreleases/pr2014-05-05CalFreshAwareness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">higher than ever\u003c/a>, Pallana adds. \"We have a climate than enables year round production of food crops. There is no reason why we can’t be growing our own way out of dependency on a food system than doesn’t serve us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Dekovic and Pallana agree that if and when these amendments pass, the work of the urban farming and food policy advocate isn’t over, it’s only the first step in an ongoing discussion. Dekovic says she would eventually like to see Oakland make the permitting process easier for urban farmers to raise livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Chickens are a pretty natural part of a produce farm, there’s a lot of beneficial systems going on there and so right now there are barriers to that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Land security is another huge issue. Dekovic worries about not being able to control the fate of farm space, which takes a lot of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89688\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Fresh-green-beans-on-the-vine-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Fresh-green-beans-on-the-vine-at-City-Slicker-Farms.jpg\" alt=\"Fresh green beans on the vine at City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89688\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fresh green beans on the vine at City Slicker Farms. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/A-row-of-collard-greens-almost-ready-for-harvest-.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/A-row-of-collard-greens-almost-ready-for-harvest-.jpg\" alt=\"A row of collard greens almost ready for harvest. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89684\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A row of collard greens almost ready for harvest. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“How do we protect, enable and empower the residents who want to just have smaller scale community gardens?” One example, she says, is borrowing San Francisco’s idea for giving \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/09/09/tax-breaks-may-turn-san-franciscos-vacant-lots-into-urban-farms/\" target=\"_blank\">tax breaks\u003c/a> to people who open up their land to urban farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even more, there’s a larger discussion that needs to take place about the role of urban farms and community gardens in areas where \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/gentrification-and-the-urban-garden\" target=\"_blank\">gentrification\u003c/a> is changing the character of neighborhoods and creating tension between longtime residents and newcomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban farming isn't new, Dekovic says. “My grandmother moved to the Richmond District in the 1950s from the Philippines, had a giant backyard and was growing her food there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Our mission is really to empower residents of West Oakland typically who have lived here a long time and have been doing this for a long time, but when realtors advertise the urban garden as something that it's not, something hip and fashionable, something designed to sell property and rack up home prices, it raises some interesting questions.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Ellie-Gertler-and-Haider-Zafar-plant-carrot-seeds.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/Ellie-Gertler-and-Haider-Zafar-plant-carrot-seeds.jpg\" alt=\"Ellie Gertler and Haider Zafar plant carrot seeds. Photo: Angela Johnston\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89687\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ellie Gertler and Haider Zafar plant carrot seeds. Photo: Angela Johnston\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Occupy The Farm': In Berkeley, The Revolution Will Be Irrigated",
"title": "'Occupy The Farm': In Berkeley, The Revolution Will Be Irrigated",
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"content": "\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100208/allison-aubrey\" target=\"_blank\">Allison Aubrey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/08/362338673/occupy-the-farm-in-berkeley-the-revolution-will-be-irrigated\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/8/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/175847418&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an open field on the northern edge of Berkeley, Calif., planting vegetables is the latest form of political insurrection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the morning of April 22, 2012, hundreds of people broke the lock on a fence surrounding the Gill Tract, a 14-acre plot of land owned by the University of California. They set about planting thousands of vegetable seedlings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \"\u003ca href=\"http://occupythefarm.org/\">farm occupation\u003c/a>\" was, in part, a protest against the university's plans to convert part of the Gill Tract into a commercial development. But the protestors also had bigger things on their minds, such as malnutrition among the poor. The Gill Tract protest, which has evolved and persisted for more than two years now, has become a symbol of the subversive possibilities of urban agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's now a documentary \u003ca href=\"http://occupythefarmfilm.com/\">film\u003c/a> about events at the Gill Tract, called \u003cem>Occupy the Farm\u003c/em>. Since we missed the actual protest, we called up the director of the film, Todd Darling, to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to our whole conversation at the link above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What surprised me when I first got there was how much fun everybody was having,\" Darling says. \"All these kids were running around. People from the neighborhood were there. I realized that doing this as a group, in a piece of open land, was fulfilling people in a way that everyone was surprised at. When people talk about growing food as community, as a way of building communities, I realized that it's not just rhetoric, it actually is true. There's something magical about that activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darling's film highlights many of the big issues that motivated the protest's organizers. \"It certainly was a protest against the university's plans to essentially privatize it by paving it over and leasing it out to commercial operations, but at the heart of it is the story of food and malnutrition in urban areas,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the first summer, the impromptu farmers harvested two tons worth of food. Darling says he was startled by the amount. \"I came to realize how much food you could really grow in a small area,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darling isn't giving away the ending to his film, but he promises that it's not depressing. \"Rather than having martyrs led off at the end of the film, it's a more hopeful ending,\" he says. \"But that was never certain, and it happened in fairly dramatic style.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film had its premier in Berkeley this week. In the coming weeks, it will \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/OccupyTheFarmFilm/events\">arrive\u003c/a> in New York and Pasadena, Calif. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100208/allison-aubrey\" target=\"_blank\">Allison Aubrey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/08/362338673/occupy-the-farm-in-berkeley-the-revolution-will-be-irrigated\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/8/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/175847418&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an open field on the northern edge of Berkeley, Calif., planting vegetables is the latest form of political insurrection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the morning of April 22, 2012, hundreds of people broke the lock on a fence surrounding the Gill Tract, a 14-acre plot of land owned by the University of California. They set about planting thousands of vegetable seedlings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \"\u003ca href=\"http://occupythefarm.org/\">farm occupation\u003c/a>\" was, in part, a protest against the university's plans to convert part of the Gill Tract into a commercial development. But the protestors also had bigger things on their minds, such as malnutrition among the poor. The Gill Tract protest, which has evolved and persisted for more than two years now, has become a symbol of the subversive possibilities of urban agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's now a documentary \u003ca href=\"http://occupythefarmfilm.com/\">film\u003c/a> about events at the Gill Tract, called \u003cem>Occupy the Farm\u003c/em>. Since we missed the actual protest, we called up the director of the film, Todd Darling, to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to our whole conversation at the link above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What surprised me when I first got there was how much fun everybody was having,\" Darling says. \"All these kids were running around. People from the neighborhood were there. I realized that doing this as a group, in a piece of open land, was fulfilling people in a way that everyone was surprised at. When people talk about growing food as community, as a way of building communities, I realized that it's not just rhetoric, it actually is true. There's something magical about that activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darling's film highlights many of the big issues that motivated the protest's organizers. \"It certainly was a protest against the university's plans to essentially privatize it by paving it over and leasing it out to commercial operations, but at the heart of it is the story of food and malnutrition in urban areas,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the first summer, the impromptu farmers harvested two tons worth of food. Darling says he was startled by the amount. \"I came to realize how much food you could really grow in a small area,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darling isn't giving away the ending to his film, but he promises that it's not depressing. \"Rather than having martyrs led off at the end of the film, it's a more hopeful ending,\" he says. \"But that was never certain, and it happened in fairly dramatic style.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film had its premier in Berkeley this week. In the coming weeks, it will \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/OccupyTheFarmFilm/events\">arrive\u003c/a> in New York and Pasadena, Calif. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pop-Up Octoberfest at Petaluma's Thistle Meats",
"title": "Pop-Up Octoberfest at Petaluma's Thistle Meats",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89275\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleExt1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleExt1000.jpg\" alt=\"Exterior of Thistle Meats\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89275\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Exterior of Thistle Meats\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What better (or wurst) place to celebrate a meat-heavy festival like Octoberfest than in a butcher shop? On Monday, October 27, Petaluma's \u003ca href=\"http://www.thistlemeats.com\" target=\"_blank\">Thistle Meats\u003c/a> will be teaming up with local chef Mark Malicki to offer the shop's third pop-up dinner. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/MarkMalicki1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/MarkMalicki1000.jpg\" alt=\"Chef Mark Malicki. Photo: Brian Howlett\" width=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89271\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chef Mark Malicki. Photo: Brian Howlett\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There will be plenty of meat on offer, from a house-made charcuterie plate and raw grass-fed beef with horseradish cream and smoked salt to choucroute garnie with sauerkraut, house-made bratwurst and sausage, braised rabbit and pork belly, plus breaded pork cutlets with \"Brussels kraut\" and a fried egg. Also planned are potato pancakes with applesauce and sour cream; beet and butter lettuce salad; smoked sturgeon with leeks and buckwheat crepes; \"pot-roasted\" celery root; and wild king salmon with savoy cabbage, fennel, dill, and Gravenstein apple. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with the Octoberfest theme, Thistle Meats will be supplanting the 24 bistro-style seats set up around the shop's butcher table with beer garden benches and picnic tables out back (bring your sweaters!) They'll also be taking reservations this time, while still leaving seats open for walk-ins. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89276\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleInterior1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleInterior1000.jpg\" alt=\"Interior of Thistle Meats\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89276\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interior of Thistle Meats\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thistle Meats owner Molly Best, a Petaluma native, had wanted to work with Malicki for over a year, since she had first tasted the delicious and very inventive food he was cooking several nights a week at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/thecasinobarandgrill\" target=\"_blank\">Casino Bar and Grill\u003c/a>, a longtime dive bar and locals' hangout in the small West Sonoma town of Bodega. \"He had a freedom, a creativity,\" to his style of cooking that Best admired and felt would be a great fit with her future shop. Equally important, a chef who could produce great food in a cramped, bar-noisy space on nothing but a flat-top griddle and a few burners, as Malicki was, would probably be able to roll with the challenges of running a pop-up bistro in a butcher shop. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89272\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/MollyBest1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/MollyBest1000.jpg\" alt=\"Thistle Meats owner Molly Best. Photo: Brian Howlett\" width=\"1000\" height=\"739\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89272\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thistle Meats owner Molly Best. Photo: Brian Howlett\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once Thistle Meats opened in early 2014, Malicki \"became a great customer,\" Best said. They launched the first pop-up dinner in September; they hope to continue hosting the dinners every other Monday. \"It's fun, it gets the staff inspired, it's rewarding,\" said Best, and so far, the community response has been even better than they expected. \"It has the feeling of a supperclub,\" said Best. \"It's very intimate; the setting is super-casual but you're totally taken care of.\" Later seatings often include the shop's butchers, along with regular customers and industry folks from other local food- and wine-related businesses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thistle Meats' focus is on whole-animal butchery, using meat from pasture-raised, grass-fed animals; Kent Schoberle, Thistle's head butcher, oversees the breakdown of whole pigs, lambs, goats, and sides of beef each week. The shop also makes all its own charcuterie, with Aaron Gilliam making salamis and sausages and John Richter doing the pates, terrines, and rillettes. Malicki works closely with the three in planning menus, in order to make the most of whatever Thistle has on hand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleCowHead1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleCowHead1000.jpg\" alt=\"Day of the Dead display with bull head sculpture by David Best, father of Thistle Meats owner Molly Best.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89274\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Day of the Dead display with bull head sculpture by David Best, father of Thistle Meats owner Molly Best.\u003cbr>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I caught up with Malicki on his cell phone, he had just left Thistle and was on his way to \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenstringfarm.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Green String Farm\u003c/a>, just one of the many local farms he supports through his cooking. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not farm-to-table cooking, it's car-to-table,\" Malicki said, as he listed the many farms he'll shop with during a given week. With only a shared refrigerator at the Casino, and a menu that changes daily, he shops, and cooks, as the inspiration finds him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(My husband and I still talk, longingly, of a sublime dish we ate at a picnic table outside the Casino two summers ago, a plate of grilled chicory, peaches roasted in duck fat, and an unbeatable slice of \"basement ham\" cured by a friend of Malicki's.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malicki's settings may be casual, but his fine-dining experience shows in his palate and attention to the quality of his ingredients. After working on the line at posh New York City restaurants like The River Cafe, The Odeon, and the now-closed Lutèce, Malicki started doing catering for fashion photographers, then spent 15 years as the in-house chef at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ironhorsevineyards.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Iron Horse Vineyards\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Browsing for a new gig, he noticed a call for a cook in Bodega on Craigslist. A bartending friend who worked nearby at \u003ca href=\"http://www.underwoodgraton.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Underwood\u003c/a> knew the Casino's longtime owners and gave the job a thumbs-up. Malicki started with one night a week; he's since built it up to four, working Wednesdays through Saturdays. \"The first night I came in was the night the Giants won the World Series [in 2010]. I asked the owners, 'Is it always like this in here?'\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World Series frenzy aside, Malicki has built up a following. Lucky tourists get the tip-off from friends or bed-and-breakfast owners; locals treat it like their happy secret. \"It's a very open-minded town for trying different foods,\" said Malicki of his Bodega clientele, who order off a scribbled whiteboard and seat themselves at scuffed wooden tables in the no-frills dining room adjacent to the bar. \"I can get away with a lot,\" he added, mentioning how in one recent night, he sold 19 orders of a salad made with Mendocino-caught raw sea urchin, scallops, and apples. And there's also the satisfaction of feeding the people who catch, raise, and grow the ingredients he works with. \"I get fishermen in here, ordering fish. You can't get a better compliment than that. It feels really good when that happens.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Thistle, he's been enjoying the quality of the meat he has to work with. \"You need something, they cut it right off the carcass for you,\" he said. The confidence of working closely with both local ranchers and the shop's butchers means he has no qualms about serving raw dishes like steak tartare. \"Even the fat is so beautiful,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People like to be part of something that has movement,\" Best said about the appeal of their pop-up in a town not lacking in established dining options. \"That's the fun part.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Information:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Octoberfest Pop-Up\u003c/strong>, October 27, 6-9:30pm\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.thistlemeats.com\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Thistle Meats\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAddress: \u003ca href=\"http://goo.gl/tyok2L\" target=\"_blank\">Map\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n160 Petaluma Blvd North\u003cbr>\nPetaluma, CA 94952\u003cbr>\n(707) 772-5442\u003cbr>\nFacebook: \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/thistlemeats\" target=\"_blank\">Thistle Meats\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Who's behind Petaluma's newest pop-up? Stephanie Rosenbaum Klassen talks with Thistle Meats' owner Molly Best and chef Mark Malicki about the butcher-shop Octoberfest they'll be hosting on Monday, Oct 27. \r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89275\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleExt1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleExt1000.jpg\" alt=\"Exterior of Thistle Meats\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89275\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Exterior of Thistle Meats\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What better (or wurst) place to celebrate a meat-heavy festival like Octoberfest than in a butcher shop? On Monday, October 27, Petaluma's \u003ca href=\"http://www.thistlemeats.com\" target=\"_blank\">Thistle Meats\u003c/a> will be teaming up with local chef Mark Malicki to offer the shop's third pop-up dinner. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/MarkMalicki1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/MarkMalicki1000.jpg\" alt=\"Chef Mark Malicki. Photo: Brian Howlett\" width=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89271\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chef Mark Malicki. Photo: Brian Howlett\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There will be plenty of meat on offer, from a house-made charcuterie plate and raw grass-fed beef with horseradish cream and smoked salt to choucroute garnie with sauerkraut, house-made bratwurst and sausage, braised rabbit and pork belly, plus breaded pork cutlets with \"Brussels kraut\" and a fried egg. Also planned are potato pancakes with applesauce and sour cream; beet and butter lettuce salad; smoked sturgeon with leeks and buckwheat crepes; \"pot-roasted\" celery root; and wild king salmon with savoy cabbage, fennel, dill, and Gravenstein apple. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with the Octoberfest theme, Thistle Meats will be supplanting the 24 bistro-style seats set up around the shop's butcher table with beer garden benches and picnic tables out back (bring your sweaters!) They'll also be taking reservations this time, while still leaving seats open for walk-ins. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89276\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleInterior1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleInterior1000.jpg\" alt=\"Interior of Thistle Meats\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89276\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interior of Thistle Meats\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thistle Meats owner Molly Best, a Petaluma native, had wanted to work with Malicki for over a year, since she had first tasted the delicious and very inventive food he was cooking several nights a week at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/thecasinobarandgrill\" target=\"_blank\">Casino Bar and Grill\u003c/a>, a longtime dive bar and locals' hangout in the small West Sonoma town of Bodega. \"He had a freedom, a creativity,\" to his style of cooking that Best admired and felt would be a great fit with her future shop. Equally important, a chef who could produce great food in a cramped, bar-noisy space on nothing but a flat-top griddle and a few burners, as Malicki was, would probably be able to roll with the challenges of running a pop-up bistro in a butcher shop. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89272\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/MollyBest1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/MollyBest1000.jpg\" alt=\"Thistle Meats owner Molly Best. Photo: Brian Howlett\" width=\"1000\" height=\"739\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89272\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thistle Meats owner Molly Best. Photo: Brian Howlett\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once Thistle Meats opened in early 2014, Malicki \"became a great customer,\" Best said. They launched the first pop-up dinner in September; they hope to continue hosting the dinners every other Monday. \"It's fun, it gets the staff inspired, it's rewarding,\" said Best, and so far, the community response has been even better than they expected. \"It has the feeling of a supperclub,\" said Best. \"It's very intimate; the setting is super-casual but you're totally taken care of.\" Later seatings often include the shop's butchers, along with regular customers and industry folks from other local food- and wine-related businesses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thistle Meats' focus is on whole-animal butchery, using meat from pasture-raised, grass-fed animals; Kent Schoberle, Thistle's head butcher, oversees the breakdown of whole pigs, lambs, goats, and sides of beef each week. The shop also makes all its own charcuterie, with Aaron Gilliam making salamis and sausages and John Richter doing the pates, terrines, and rillettes. Malicki works closely with the three in planning menus, in order to make the most of whatever Thistle has on hand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleCowHead1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/ThistleCowHead1000.jpg\" alt=\"Day of the Dead display with bull head sculpture by David Best, father of Thistle Meats owner Molly Best.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89274\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Day of the Dead display with bull head sculpture by David Best, father of Thistle Meats owner Molly Best.\u003cbr>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I caught up with Malicki on his cell phone, he had just left Thistle and was on his way to \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenstringfarm.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Green String Farm\u003c/a>, just one of the many local farms he supports through his cooking. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not farm-to-table cooking, it's car-to-table,\" Malicki said, as he listed the many farms he'll shop with during a given week. With only a shared refrigerator at the Casino, and a menu that changes daily, he shops, and cooks, as the inspiration finds him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(My husband and I still talk, longingly, of a sublime dish we ate at a picnic table outside the Casino two summers ago, a plate of grilled chicory, peaches roasted in duck fat, and an unbeatable slice of \"basement ham\" cured by a friend of Malicki's.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malicki's settings may be casual, but his fine-dining experience shows in his palate and attention to the quality of his ingredients. After working on the line at posh New York City restaurants like The River Cafe, The Odeon, and the now-closed Lutèce, Malicki started doing catering for fashion photographers, then spent 15 years as the in-house chef at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ironhorsevineyards.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Iron Horse Vineyards\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Browsing for a new gig, he noticed a call for a cook in Bodega on Craigslist. A bartending friend who worked nearby at \u003ca href=\"http://www.underwoodgraton.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Underwood\u003c/a> knew the Casino's longtime owners and gave the job a thumbs-up. Malicki started with one night a week; he's since built it up to four, working Wednesdays through Saturdays. \"The first night I came in was the night the Giants won the World Series [in 2010]. I asked the owners, 'Is it always like this in here?'\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World Series frenzy aside, Malicki has built up a following. Lucky tourists get the tip-off from friends or bed-and-breakfast owners; locals treat it like their happy secret. \"It's a very open-minded town for trying different foods,\" said Malicki of his Bodega clientele, who order off a scribbled whiteboard and seat themselves at scuffed wooden tables in the no-frills dining room adjacent to the bar. \"I can get away with a lot,\" he added, mentioning how in one recent night, he sold 19 orders of a salad made with Mendocino-caught raw sea urchin, scallops, and apples. And there's also the satisfaction of feeding the people who catch, raise, and grow the ingredients he works with. \"I get fishermen in here, ordering fish. You can't get a better compliment than that. It feels really good when that happens.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Thistle, he's been enjoying the quality of the meat he has to work with. \"You need something, they cut it right off the carcass for you,\" he said. The confidence of working closely with both local ranchers and the shop's butchers means he has no qualms about serving raw dishes like steak tartare. \"Even the fat is so beautiful,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People like to be part of something that has movement,\" Best said about the appeal of their pop-up in a town not lacking in established dining options. \"That's the fun part.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Information:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Octoberfest Pop-Up\u003c/strong>, October 27, 6-9:30pm\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.thistlemeats.com\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Thistle Meats\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAddress: \u003ca href=\"http://goo.gl/tyok2L\" target=\"_blank\">Map\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n160 Petaluma Blvd North\u003cbr>\nPetaluma, CA 94952\u003cbr>\n(707) 772-5442\u003cbr>\nFacebook: \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/thistlemeats\" target=\"_blank\">Thistle Meats\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "New GMOs Get A Regulatory Green Light, With A Hint Of Yellow",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/glyphosate-crops_enl-428a3594d783d20539d1da64cade4e31b4b920bb-e1413467600915.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/glyphosate-crops_enl-428a3594d783d20539d1da64cade4e31b4b920bb-e1413467600915.jpg\" alt=\"Corn farmer Jerry McCulley sprays the weedkiller glyphosate across his cornfield in Auburn, Ill., in 2010. An increasing number of weeds have now evolved resistance to the chemical. Photo: Seth Perlman/AP\" width=\"1000\" height=\"643\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88864\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corn farmer Jerry McCulley sprays the weedkiller glyphosate across his cornfield in Auburn, Ill., in 2010. An increasing number of weeds have now evolved resistance to the chemical. Photo: Seth Perlman/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/10/15/356416365/new-gmos-get-a-regulatory-green-light-with-a-hint-of-yellow\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (10/15/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government regulators have approved a new generation of genetically engineered corn and soybeans. They're the latest weapon in an arms race between farmers and weeds, and the government's green light is provoking angry opposition from environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual \u003ca href=\"http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/bd4379a92ceceeac8525735900400c27/72fde554930f3f6985257d7200591180!OpenDocument\">decision\u003c/a>, at first glance, seems narrow and technical. The Environmental Protection Agency has announced it had \"registered\" a new weedkiller formula that contains two older herbicides: glyphosate (better known as Roundup) and 2, 4-D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Versions of these weedkillers have been around for decades. But farmers in six Midwestern states will be allowed to use the new formula, called Enlist Duo, on their corn and soybeans. And that counts as big news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/modified-crops.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/modified-crops.jpg\" alt=\"The federal government announced that farmers can now plant soybeans like these ones genetically engineered by the biotech company Dow Agrosciences to tolerate doses of two weedkillers. Photo: Dow AgroSciences/AP \" width=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88868\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The federal government announced that farmers can now plant soybeans like these ones genetically engineered by the biotech company Dow Agrosciences to tolerate doses of two weedkillers. Photo: Dow AgroSciences/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmers will now be able to plant new \u003ca href=\"http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAAPHIS/bulletins/cf9cff\">types\u003c/a> of corn and soybeans that have been genetically engineered by the biotech company Dow Agrosciences to tolerate doses of those two weedkillers. (The beauty of herbicide-resistant crops is that they make the herbicides exquisitely selective: They kill the weeds but not the crop.) So farmers can spray either glyphosate or 2, 4-D (or both) to wipe out weeds without harming their corn or soybeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that may actually be one of the most significant developments the world of weedkilling in more than a decade.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another similar new weedkilling combination of the chemical dicamba and genetically engineered, dicamba-resistant crops is awaiting government approval. Promoters of these new herbicide-crop combinations say they are a big step forward. Critics are calling them a mindless step into ever-increasing dependence on toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's demand for such technologies because the last great weed-fighting weapon is starting to fail. Over the past two decades, farmers have come to rely, to an extraordinary extent, on glyphosate paired with \"Roundup Ready\" crops. But an increasing number of weeds have now evolved resistance to glyphosate. Farmers have had to resort to weedkilling chemicals that are more costly and often harder to manage. Many of those chemicals can't be sprayed directly on crops because they'd kill them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and critics of genetically engineered crops condemned the EPA's decision Wednesday, arguing that it leads farmers \"further down the futile path of chemical dependency,\" in the words of Andrew Kimbrell from the Center for Food Safety. Mary Ellen Kustin, from the Environmental Working Group, said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/release/epa-ignores-public-outcry-approves-dangerous-weed-killer\">statement\u003c/a> that \"this continued arms race between chemical companies and superweeds is a threat to sustainable farming and public health. EPA's decision to up the ante of Roundup by approving Enlist Duo is unconscionable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the EPA's green light to Enlist Duo did contain some unusual provisions that the agency could eventually use to restrict its use. The EPA is requiring that Dow monitor the use of the new herbicide, work with farmers to avoid overusing it and come up plans to fight weeds that become resistant to the new weedkiller. In addition, the EPA's approval of Enlist Duo is temporary, and will expire in six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same day that the EPA approved the new herbicide, the U.S. Department of Agriculture \u003ca href=\"http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentid=2014/10/0227.xml&contentidonly=true\">announced\u003c/a> a new program aimed at fighting the problem of herbicide-resistant weeds. According to the USDA statement, this problem \"will not be solved solely through the application of new herbicides.\" USDA scientists will carry out research on non-chemical ways to control weeds, such as cover crops, and promote their use among farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/glyphosate-crops_enl-428a3594d783d20539d1da64cade4e31b4b920bb-e1413467600915.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/glyphosate-crops_enl-428a3594d783d20539d1da64cade4e31b4b920bb-e1413467600915.jpg\" alt=\"Corn farmer Jerry McCulley sprays the weedkiller glyphosate across his cornfield in Auburn, Ill., in 2010. An increasing number of weeds have now evolved resistance to the chemical. Photo: Seth Perlman/AP\" width=\"1000\" height=\"643\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88864\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corn farmer Jerry McCulley sprays the weedkiller glyphosate across his cornfield in Auburn, Ill., in 2010. An increasing number of weeds have now evolved resistance to the chemical. Photo: Seth Perlman/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/10/15/356416365/new-gmos-get-a-regulatory-green-light-with-a-hint-of-yellow\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (10/15/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government regulators have approved a new generation of genetically engineered corn and soybeans. They're the latest weapon in an arms race between farmers and weeds, and the government's green light is provoking angry opposition from environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual \u003ca href=\"http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/bd4379a92ceceeac8525735900400c27/72fde554930f3f6985257d7200591180!OpenDocument\">decision\u003c/a>, at first glance, seems narrow and technical. The Environmental Protection Agency has announced it had \"registered\" a new weedkiller formula that contains two older herbicides: glyphosate (better known as Roundup) and 2, 4-D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Versions of these weedkillers have been around for decades. But farmers in six Midwestern states will be allowed to use the new formula, called Enlist Duo, on their corn and soybeans. And that counts as big news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/modified-crops.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/modified-crops.jpg\" alt=\"The federal government announced that farmers can now plant soybeans like these ones genetically engineered by the biotech company Dow Agrosciences to tolerate doses of two weedkillers. Photo: Dow AgroSciences/AP \" width=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88868\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The federal government announced that farmers can now plant soybeans like these ones genetically engineered by the biotech company Dow Agrosciences to tolerate doses of two weedkillers. Photo: Dow AgroSciences/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmers will now be able to plant new \u003ca href=\"http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAAPHIS/bulletins/cf9cff\">types\u003c/a> of corn and soybeans that have been genetically engineered by the biotech company Dow Agrosciences to tolerate doses of those two weedkillers. (The beauty of herbicide-resistant crops is that they make the herbicides exquisitely selective: They kill the weeds but not the crop.) So farmers can spray either glyphosate or 2, 4-D (or both) to wipe out weeds without harming their corn or soybeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that may actually be one of the most significant developments the world of weedkilling in more than a decade.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another similar new weedkilling combination of the chemical dicamba and genetically engineered, dicamba-resistant crops is awaiting government approval. Promoters of these new herbicide-crop combinations say they are a big step forward. Critics are calling them a mindless step into ever-increasing dependence on toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's demand for such technologies because the last great weed-fighting weapon is starting to fail. Over the past two decades, farmers have come to rely, to an extraordinary extent, on glyphosate paired with \"Roundup Ready\" crops. But an increasing number of weeds have now evolved resistance to glyphosate. Farmers have had to resort to weedkilling chemicals that are more costly and often harder to manage. Many of those chemicals can't be sprayed directly on crops because they'd kill them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and critics of genetically engineered crops condemned the EPA's decision Wednesday, arguing that it leads farmers \"further down the futile path of chemical dependency,\" in the words of Andrew Kimbrell from the Center for Food Safety. Mary Ellen Kustin, from the Environmental Working Group, said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/release/epa-ignores-public-outcry-approves-dangerous-weed-killer\">statement\u003c/a> that \"this continued arms race between chemical companies and superweeds is a threat to sustainable farming and public health. EPA's decision to up the ante of Roundup by approving Enlist Duo is unconscionable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the EPA's green light to Enlist Duo did contain some unusual provisions that the agency could eventually use to restrict its use. The EPA is requiring that Dow monitor the use of the new herbicide, work with farmers to avoid overusing it and come up plans to fight weeds that become resistant to the new weedkiller. In addition, the EPA's approval of Enlist Duo is temporary, and will expire in six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same day that the EPA approved the new herbicide, the U.S. Department of Agriculture \u003ca href=\"http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentid=2014/10/0227.xml&contentidonly=true\">announced\u003c/a> a new program aimed at fighting the problem of herbicide-resistant weeds. According to the USDA statement, this problem \"will not be solved solely through the application of new herbicides.\" USDA scientists will carry out research on non-chemical ways to control weeds, such as cover crops, and promote their use among farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Locavore Losses: California’s Chefs, Artisans Feel the Drought",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/drought-shutterstock_1245781001-680x312.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/drought-shutterstock_1245781001-680x312.jpg\" alt=\"Locavore Losses: California’s Chefs, Artisans Feel the Drought \" width=\"680\" height=\"312\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-88406\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/lclark/\" target=\"_blank\">Leilani Clark\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/10/01/locavore-losses-californias-chefs-artisans-feel-the-drought/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (10/1/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.nopalitosf.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Nopalito\u003c/a>, if the local corn runs out, you might as well shut the doors. It’s typical for the restaurant’s two San Francisco locations to go through 200 pounds of California-grown organic masa in a single day. The grain is at the menu’s core, used in everything from tamales, to tortillas, to house-made chips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In mid-September, Nopalito’s owner, Laurence Jossel, learned that \u003ca href=\"http://giustos.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Giusto’s\u003c/a>, the Northern California grain processor and wholesaler from which Nopalito sources its flours, had run out of corn after severe drought conditions caused the product to dry up. “It’s been a mad scramble,” says Jossel. He and his head chef called restaurants all over the city, searching for a locally-grown equivalent, without luck. In a pinch, they settled on more expensive organic corn flour from Montana and some from as far as Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t run a restaurant based on [corn] without it,” says Jossel. With no end to the California drought in sight, chefs like Jossel, and many artisan food makers who rely on local food, are feeling the squeeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January 2014, California governor Jerry Brown declared a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18368\" target=\"_blank\">state of emergency\u003c/a> due to severe drought conditions. Eight months later, with the continuation of one of the driest years on record, 95 percent of the state continues to suffer under “\u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\">extreme drought conditions.\u003c/a>” Reservoir levels are \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2731091/California-s-vanishing-lakes-Before-photos-reveal-shocking-shriveling-effect-state-s-devastating-drought-decades.html\" target=\"_blank\">shockingly low\u003c/a> and wells are going dry, a fact that lead Governor Brown to sign \u003ca href=\"http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/sep/19/california-governor-orders-help-for-dry-wells/\" target=\"_blank\">emergency groundwater regulation\u003c/a> legislation on September 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As widely reported, California’s large-scale agricultural operations, most notably livestock and dairy, have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/california-paradise-burning\" target=\"_blank\">severely impacted\u003c/a>. Across the state, the financial hit to agriculture will reach an estimated \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/California-Wells-Could-Run-Dry-in-One-Year-UC-Davis-Study-267185971.html\" target=\"_blank\">$2.2 billion\u003c/a>, say economists at University of California Davis. As harvest season ramps up, the true impact of the drought for everyone, not just Big Agriculture, is coming into high relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On September 17, the same day Jossel’s wholesale corn order dried up, he visited the Berkeley Farmers’ Market, only to discover that \u003ca href=\"http://www.dirtygirlproduce.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Dirty Girl Produce\u003c/a>, an organic farm located near Santa Cruz, had run out of its \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/08/05/the-great-tomato-debate-heirlooms-hybrids-or-gmos/\" target=\"_blank\">famous dry-farmed tomatoes\u003c/a> two months earlier than normal. Sadly, says farmer Joel Schirmer, “those two months usually generate the highest income of the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schirmer’s tomatoes depend on winter rain for moisture, which is then trapped in the soil through mulching. The first wave, planted in early spring, did fine. The second wave couldn’t tap enough moisture in the soil to survive summer’s heat stress; Schirmer says at least 20 inches of rain are needed to set a baseline for the plants. This time of year, he and his workers should be packing up wholesale crates for shipment to Whole Foods and other large retailers. Instead, the farmer says he’ll lose an estimated $100,000 in sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he’s not out of the woods yet. Schirmer relies on well water for the rest of his fall crops and says, “We could have a well go down on a piece of property that’s filled with baby plants. That would be devastating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Schirmer says, farming requires him to evolve or die. “It’s a lesson not to put all your eggs in one basket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.junetaylorjams.com/\" target=\"_blank\">June Taylor Jams\u003c/a> in Berkeley, flexibility is equally as important. Owner June Taylor uses Dirty Girl tomatoes into late fall for small-batch production of ketchup, paste, and sauces, but she too received word about the season’s untimely end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I can’t get major fruits–pears, tomatoes–that is going to be difficult,” says Taylor. At the same time, with the unusually early arrival of apples, pears and figs, September has been busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to think of September as a month where we could take a break after getting through the summer production,” says Taylor, who’s been preserving local produce for 25 years. “But now it’s as busy as June. The rhythms seem out-of-whack and water is one of the key components.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tough decisions about water are all in a day’s work at Toluma Farms, a 160-acre goat ranch outside of Tomales, California. In 2013, husband-and-wife team Tamara Hicks and David Jablons ventured into cheesemaking with \u003ca href=\"http://www.tolumafarms.com/creamery.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tomales Farmstead Creamery\u003c/a>. They don’t have “a normative baseline” for what it’s like to make cheese outside of drought conditions, says Hicks, but it requires a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toluma Farms is well known in the community for having good water, she explains. But that didn’t prevent a water scare last year when one of their two streams dried up. She and Jablons had to cut down to a single daily milking and eliminate one water-intensive cleaning of the milking parlor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the pastures where the goats feed greened-up three months later than usual, resulting in a gap in nutrition for the animals. Trucking in alfalfa cost $8,000 for two months of feed, a financial cut that hit the new business hard. They ended up growing their own combination of dry-farmed oats, rye, and clover for the animals–an alternative that is lower in protein, but beneficial in other ways. It’s a solution for now, but Hicks does say if the drought worsens this year, “all bets are off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flavor and consistency of the goat’s milk has also been impacted, creating a challenge for head cheesemaker Jennifer Kirkham. In dry times, milk tends to be higher in fat and contain less moisture. It also becomes less predictable as an ingredient. Last December, just as the ranch scrambled to replace the goat’s normal feed, Kirkham had to stop making \u003ca href=\"http://culturecheesemag.com/cheese-library/Kenne\" target=\"_blank\">Kenne\u003c/a>, a soft ripened cheese, because the batch failed. Small percentage changes in the butterfat and protein content of the milk, due to changes in the animal feed, prevented the cheese from draining fast enough, so that it didn’t set properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re having conversations based on what the goats are eating, which is based on rain and water,” says Hicks. “We’ll probably only make hard cheeses during the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other small farmers, ranchers, and artisans, Hicks and her husband are having hard conversations about what comes next, while operating on the premise that they might be up against a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/09/29/the-connection-between-californias-drought-and-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\">long-term climatic shift\u003c/a>. “We have to figure out how not to be operating in crisis mode,” explains Hicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decades of working with seasonal produce has taught jam-maker June Taylor to work first with what nature has on offer, but she too believes the changes chefs and artisans are seeing now could have a lasting impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to think about what this means on a broader and longer-term basis regarding what farmers can produce in California and what won’t work,” she says. “We keep saying ‘If we just get some rain,’ but I don’t think one winter of rain will rebalance things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLeilani Clark is a freelance writer based in Santa Rosa, California. Her work has appeared in \u003cem>The North Bay Bohemian, Made Local, Shareable, Yes, The Orlando Weekly,\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The Sacramento News and Review\u003c/em>. She is a 2014 California Endowment Health Journalism Fellow through the USC Annenberg School of Communication. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/drought-shutterstock_1245781001-680x312.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/drought-shutterstock_1245781001-680x312.jpg\" alt=\"Locavore Losses: California’s Chefs, Artisans Feel the Drought \" width=\"680\" height=\"312\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-88406\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/lclark/\" target=\"_blank\">Leilani Clark\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/10/01/locavore-losses-californias-chefs-artisans-feel-the-drought/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (10/1/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.nopalitosf.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Nopalito\u003c/a>, if the local corn runs out, you might as well shut the doors. It’s typical for the restaurant’s two San Francisco locations to go through 200 pounds of California-grown organic masa in a single day. The grain is at the menu’s core, used in everything from tamales, to tortillas, to house-made chips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In mid-September, Nopalito’s owner, Laurence Jossel, learned that \u003ca href=\"http://giustos.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Giusto’s\u003c/a>, the Northern California grain processor and wholesaler from which Nopalito sources its flours, had run out of corn after severe drought conditions caused the product to dry up. “It’s been a mad scramble,” says Jossel. He and his head chef called restaurants all over the city, searching for a locally-grown equivalent, without luck. In a pinch, they settled on more expensive organic corn flour from Montana and some from as far as Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t run a restaurant based on [corn] without it,” says Jossel. With no end to the California drought in sight, chefs like Jossel, and many artisan food makers who rely on local food, are feeling the squeeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January 2014, California governor Jerry Brown declared a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18368\" target=\"_blank\">state of emergency\u003c/a> due to severe drought conditions. Eight months later, with the continuation of one of the driest years on record, 95 percent of the state continues to suffer under “\u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\">extreme drought conditions.\u003c/a>” Reservoir levels are \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2731091/California-s-vanishing-lakes-Before-photos-reveal-shocking-shriveling-effect-state-s-devastating-drought-decades.html\" target=\"_blank\">shockingly low\u003c/a> and wells are going dry, a fact that lead Governor Brown to sign \u003ca href=\"http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/sep/19/california-governor-orders-help-for-dry-wells/\" target=\"_blank\">emergency groundwater regulation\u003c/a> legislation on September 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As widely reported, California’s large-scale agricultural operations, most notably livestock and dairy, have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/california-paradise-burning\" target=\"_blank\">severely impacted\u003c/a>. Across the state, the financial hit to agriculture will reach an estimated \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/California-Wells-Could-Run-Dry-in-One-Year-UC-Davis-Study-267185971.html\" target=\"_blank\">$2.2 billion\u003c/a>, say economists at University of California Davis. As harvest season ramps up, the true impact of the drought for everyone, not just Big Agriculture, is coming into high relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On September 17, the same day Jossel’s wholesale corn order dried up, he visited the Berkeley Farmers’ Market, only to discover that \u003ca href=\"http://www.dirtygirlproduce.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Dirty Girl Produce\u003c/a>, an organic farm located near Santa Cruz, had run out of its \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/08/05/the-great-tomato-debate-heirlooms-hybrids-or-gmos/\" target=\"_blank\">famous dry-farmed tomatoes\u003c/a> two months earlier than normal. Sadly, says farmer Joel Schirmer, “those two months usually generate the highest income of the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schirmer’s tomatoes depend on winter rain for moisture, which is then trapped in the soil through mulching. The first wave, planted in early spring, did fine. The second wave couldn’t tap enough moisture in the soil to survive summer’s heat stress; Schirmer says at least 20 inches of rain are needed to set a baseline for the plants. This time of year, he and his workers should be packing up wholesale crates for shipment to Whole Foods and other large retailers. Instead, the farmer says he’ll lose an estimated $100,000 in sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he’s not out of the woods yet. Schirmer relies on well water for the rest of his fall crops and says, “We could have a well go down on a piece of property that’s filled with baby plants. That would be devastating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Schirmer says, farming requires him to evolve or die. “It’s a lesson not to put all your eggs in one basket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.junetaylorjams.com/\" target=\"_blank\">June Taylor Jams\u003c/a> in Berkeley, flexibility is equally as important. Owner June Taylor uses Dirty Girl tomatoes into late fall for small-batch production of ketchup, paste, and sauces, but she too received word about the season’s untimely end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I can’t get major fruits–pears, tomatoes–that is going to be difficult,” says Taylor. At the same time, with the unusually early arrival of apples, pears and figs, September has been busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to think of September as a month where we could take a break after getting through the summer production,” says Taylor, who’s been preserving local produce for 25 years. “But now it’s as busy as June. The rhythms seem out-of-whack and water is one of the key components.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tough decisions about water are all in a day’s work at Toluma Farms, a 160-acre goat ranch outside of Tomales, California. In 2013, husband-and-wife team Tamara Hicks and David Jablons ventured into cheesemaking with \u003ca href=\"http://www.tolumafarms.com/creamery.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tomales Farmstead Creamery\u003c/a>. They don’t have “a normative baseline” for what it’s like to make cheese outside of drought conditions, says Hicks, but it requires a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toluma Farms is well known in the community for having good water, she explains. But that didn’t prevent a water scare last year when one of their two streams dried up. She and Jablons had to cut down to a single daily milking and eliminate one water-intensive cleaning of the milking parlor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the pastures where the goats feed greened-up three months later than usual, resulting in a gap in nutrition for the animals. Trucking in alfalfa cost $8,000 for two months of feed, a financial cut that hit the new business hard. They ended up growing their own combination of dry-farmed oats, rye, and clover for the animals–an alternative that is lower in protein, but beneficial in other ways. It’s a solution for now, but Hicks does say if the drought worsens this year, “all bets are off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flavor and consistency of the goat’s milk has also been impacted, creating a challenge for head cheesemaker Jennifer Kirkham. In dry times, milk tends to be higher in fat and contain less moisture. It also becomes less predictable as an ingredient. Last December, just as the ranch scrambled to replace the goat’s normal feed, Kirkham had to stop making \u003ca href=\"http://culturecheesemag.com/cheese-library/Kenne\" target=\"_blank\">Kenne\u003c/a>, a soft ripened cheese, because the batch failed. Small percentage changes in the butterfat and protein content of the milk, due to changes in the animal feed, prevented the cheese from draining fast enough, so that it didn’t set properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re having conversations based on what the goats are eating, which is based on rain and water,” says Hicks. “We’ll probably only make hard cheeses during the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other small farmers, ranchers, and artisans, Hicks and her husband are having hard conversations about what comes next, while operating on the premise that they might be up against a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/09/29/the-connection-between-californias-drought-and-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\">long-term climatic shift\u003c/a>. “We have to figure out how not to be operating in crisis mode,” explains Hicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decades of working with seasonal produce has taught jam-maker June Taylor to work first with what nature has on offer, but she too believes the changes chefs and artisans are seeing now could have a lasting impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to think about what this means on a broader and longer-term basis regarding what farmers can produce in California and what won’t work,” she says. “We keep saying ‘If we just get some rain,’ but I don’t think one winter of rain will rebalance things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLeilani Clark is a freelance writer based in Santa Rosa, California. Her work has appeared in \u003cem>The North Bay Bohemian, Made Local, Shareable, Yes, The Orlando Weekly,\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The Sacramento News and Review\u003c/em>. She is a 2014 California Endowment Health Journalism Fellow through the USC Annenberg School of Communication. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Cracks Down On Farmers Market Cheaters",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88340\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/cafarmers_wide-64d81a5286ab402c4cf9e7617a76bed8aaa91c00-e1412270495702.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/cafarmers_wide-64d81a5286ab402c4cf9e7617a76bed8aaa91c00-e1412270495702.jpg\" alt=\"A customer shops for produce at the Ferry Plaza Farmers Market in San Francisco in March. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88340\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A customer shops for produce at the Ferry Plaza Farmers Market in San Francisco in March. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/10/02/352979875/california-cracks-down-on-farmers-market-cheaters\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (10/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could that beloved farmer at your farmers market possibly be lying to you, passing off supermarket produce as locally grown?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's state officials seem to think so. Last week, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a new \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml\">law\u003c/a> that will raise a million dollars to deploy a small army of inspectors to farmers markets around the state. The inspectors will check for signs that farmers are selling fruits and vegetables that they didn't actually grow themselves, but instead picked up wholesale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been some well-publicized cases of fraud. In 2010, an investigative team from an NBC affiliate in Los Angeles \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Hidden-Camera-Investigation-Farmers-Markets-103577594.html\">followed\u003c/a> one farmer's truck to the LA wholesale market, where he picked up a load of produce, including Mexican cantaloupes. That produce, according to the report, was later sold at farmers markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Los Angeles County dispatched a few inspectors to look for evidence of mislabeled produce. According to the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>, 19 vendors were \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-tighter-enforcement-snares-farmers-market-cheaters-20131226-story.html#axzz2ohNbL2P7&page=1\">fined\u003c/a> in 2013 for misrepresenting their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law will drastically increase funding for such inspections by raising fees that farmers pay to participate in farmers markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eli Cook, owner of Spring Valley Farm and Orchard in Slanesville, W.Va., says nonlocal produce is a \"common problem\" at farmers markets. A casual consumer may not notice, he says, but \"I can spot it a mile away. I can tell you who's doing it and who's not doing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Cook says, competition from wholesale produce \"is the least of my worries.\" The re-sellers, he says, \"can't control quality, and they sure aren't going to out-sell me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.freshfarmmarkets.org/\">FreshFarm Markets\u003c/a>, which runs several of the markets where Cook sells his harvest, tries to verify that farmers are selling only their own produce at these markets. \"They do come around and check\" to make sure that a farm is growing the types of produce it's selling at the market, says Cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more difficult is verifying production quantities, making sure that farmers aren't adding a few extra boxes of tomatoes from the wholesale market. \"They almost have to be a doggone private investigator to catch some of this stuff,\" Cook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wholesomewave.org/about-us/board/gus-schumacher/\">Gus Schumacher\u003c/a>, a former USDA official who's been a close observer and promoter of farmers markets for several decades, the most successful farmers markets in the country are \"producer only,\" with strict rules against selling produce acquired elsewhere. But he's also seen some markets survive and prosper with a more lax policy. The two types of produce can co-exist, Schumacher says, \"as long as it's transparent, and the product is clearly labeled.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumacher, who now is a vice president at \u003ca href=\"http://www.wholesomewave.org/\">Wholesome Wave\u003c/a>, an organization that tries to promote access to fresh and local food, says he was \"surprised\" that California officials felt a new law was needed. \"My sense is, the markets are self-policing,\" he says. \"Farmers monitor farmers. I see very little purchased product.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Did your local farmer really grow that heirloom apple he just sold you? California wants to know, so it's sending more inspectors out to make sure the produce sold at markets is really local.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88340\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/cafarmers_wide-64d81a5286ab402c4cf9e7617a76bed8aaa91c00-e1412270495702.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/cafarmers_wide-64d81a5286ab402c4cf9e7617a76bed8aaa91c00-e1412270495702.jpg\" alt=\"A customer shops for produce at the Ferry Plaza Farmers Market in San Francisco in March. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88340\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A customer shops for produce at the Ferry Plaza Farmers Market in San Francisco in March. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/10/02/352979875/california-cracks-down-on-farmers-market-cheaters\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (10/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could that beloved farmer at your farmers market possibly be lying to you, passing off supermarket produce as locally grown?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's state officials seem to think so. Last week, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a new \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml\">law\u003c/a> that will raise a million dollars to deploy a small army of inspectors to farmers markets around the state. The inspectors will check for signs that farmers are selling fruits and vegetables that they didn't actually grow themselves, but instead picked up wholesale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been some well-publicized cases of fraud. In 2010, an investigative team from an NBC affiliate in Los Angeles \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Hidden-Camera-Investigation-Farmers-Markets-103577594.html\">followed\u003c/a> one farmer's truck to the LA wholesale market, where he picked up a load of produce, including Mexican cantaloupes. That produce, according to the report, was later sold at farmers markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Los Angeles County dispatched a few inspectors to look for evidence of mislabeled produce. According to the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>, 19 vendors were \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-tighter-enforcement-snares-farmers-market-cheaters-20131226-story.html#axzz2ohNbL2P7&page=1\">fined\u003c/a> in 2013 for misrepresenting their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law will drastically increase funding for such inspections by raising fees that farmers pay to participate in farmers markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eli Cook, owner of Spring Valley Farm and Orchard in Slanesville, W.Va., says nonlocal produce is a \"common problem\" at farmers markets. A casual consumer may not notice, he says, but \"I can spot it a mile away. I can tell you who's doing it and who's not doing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Cook says, competition from wholesale produce \"is the least of my worries.\" The re-sellers, he says, \"can't control quality, and they sure aren't going to out-sell me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.freshfarmmarkets.org/\">FreshFarm Markets\u003c/a>, which runs several of the markets where Cook sells his harvest, tries to verify that farmers are selling only their own produce at these markets. \"They do come around and check\" to make sure that a farm is growing the types of produce it's selling at the market, says Cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more difficult is verifying production quantities, making sure that farmers aren't adding a few extra boxes of tomatoes from the wholesale market. \"They almost have to be a doggone private investigator to catch some of this stuff,\" Cook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wholesomewave.org/about-us/board/gus-schumacher/\">Gus Schumacher\u003c/a>, a former USDA official who's been a close observer and promoter of farmers markets for several decades, the most successful farmers markets in the country are \"producer only,\" with strict rules against selling produce acquired elsewhere. But he's also seen some markets survive and prosper with a more lax policy. The two types of produce can co-exist, Schumacher says, \"as long as it's transparent, and the product is clearly labeled.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumacher, who now is a vice president at \u003ca href=\"http://www.wholesomewave.org/\">Wholesome Wave\u003c/a>, an organization that tries to promote access to fresh and local food, says he was \"surprised\" that California officials felt a new law was needed. \"My sense is, the markets are self-policing,\" he says. \"Farmers monitor farmers. I see very little purchased product.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Beyond The Kibbutz: A Jewish Farm Renaissance",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88080\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/pumpkins_ElatChayyim-e1411361885521-680x331.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/pumpkins_ElatChayyim-e1411361885521-680x331.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of the Adamah farm at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center.\" width=\"680\" height=\"331\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of the Adamah farm at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/jfrochtzwajg/\" target=\"_blank\">Jonathan Frochtzwajg\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/09/22/beyond-the-kibbutz-the-jewish-farm-renaissance/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (9/22/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This is the first in a multipart series about the connections between faith and farming\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every fall, Paul Dinberg builds a kind of thatch-roofed hut on \u003ca href=\"http://littlegnomefarm.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">his 10-acre farm in Ridgefield, Washington\u003c/a>. This “sukkah,” a ceremonial structure Jews are commanded to construct and (for the very observant) live in for the holiday of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkot\" target=\"_blank\">Sukkot\u003c/a>, commemorates the Israelites’ 40 years of desert-wandering. But sukkahs also have agricultural roots, possibly harking back to temporary structures ancient Jewish farmers would live in during harvest time. For a modern-day Jewish farmer like Dinberg, that gives Sukkot—which begins at sundown October 8 this year—special meaning. “We observe all the different festivals, but as a family, Sukkot is our favorite,” he says. “What gives me satisfaction is the connection to the agricultural cycle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many American Jews observe Sukkot, visiting their synagogue’s sukkah or building one in their backyard (or on their fire escape, as many do in urban areas), only a tiny minority can claim such an authentic connection to the holiday. Despite a history as a largely agricultural society, as well as modern traditions such as the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibbutz\" target=\"_blank\">kibbutz\u003c/a> (a farming-based collective community), it’s safe to say most American Jews are no longer strongly connected to the land: according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/jewish-american-beliefs-attitudes-culture-survey/\" target=\"_blank\">2013 Pew Research Center survey\u003c/a>, 96 percent live in urban or suburban areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As interest in farming and food has grown among Americans in general, though, increasing numbers of this thoroughly citified minority are going back to the land—and bringing with them a millenia-old, rich agrarian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been an incredible amount of growth over the past 15 years,” says Liz Traison, a program associate at the Jewish sustainability organization \u003ca href=\"http://hazon.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Hazon\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"http://hazon.org/transformative-experiences/jofee/\" target=\"_blank\">study the group released earlier this year\u003c/a> found that the annual number of participants in immersive “Jewish Outdoor, Food, and Environmental Education” (JOFEE) programs increased twelvefold between 2000 and 2012. “When people can see where food comes from and feel like they’re part of their community, that’s a powerful and spiritual experience,” Traison says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Jewish Environmental Fellowship is one of several farming-focused JOFFE programs that have cropped up in the last decade or so. It brings a cohort of young adults to \u003ca href=\"http://hazon.org/adamah/\" target=\"_blank\">Adamah\u003c/a>, the country’s leading Jewish educational farm, for three months of organic farming and self-cultivation. Fellows bookend days working on the six-acre tract in Falls Village, Connecticut with morning meditation and evening classes on agriculture-related theology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an opportunity for folks to reconnect with a culture that has been forcibly removed from any relationship with the land for thousands of years,” says Shamu Sadeh, Adamah’s director. “What does it mean to look at liturgy, or Bible stories, or kosher laws through the eyes of a farmer? It brings that stuff to life in a way you’re not otherwise going to get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/onions_ElatChayyim.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/onions_ElatChayyim.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of the Adamah farm at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88079\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of the Adamah farm at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside of institutions such as Adamah, there’s growing energy around the concept of Jewish “intentional communities” featuring farming elements. The first-ever Jewish Intentional Communities Conference, put on by Hazon last fall, drew 188 people. Among the attendees were delegates from Israeli \u003cem>kibbutzim\u003c/em>—institutions with which no Jewish, agriculture-based intentional community in America can avoid comparison. Indeed, many of the ideals that inspired pioneering “kibbutzniks”—self-reliance, honest work—echo in the contemporary U.S. intentional-community movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still so much to learn in the intentional-community world about the rise and fall of the traditional kibbutz movement in Israel,” Traison says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are individual Jewish farmers—like Paul Dinberg. After getting laid off from a job with the City of Portland, Oregon, Dinberg decided to leave behind the cubicle farm for, well, an actual farm. (He’d worked summers as a farm worker during grad school.) Part of his motivation, he says, came from the Jewish concept of \u003cem>tikkun olam\u003c/em>, or “repairing the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a social-action part of being a Jew, where you’re supposed to do something good in the world,” Dinberg explains. “Farming allows me to do that—care for the earth, be a partner with God, provide opportunities for people through good food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the 51-year-old runs an organic farm and community-supported agriculture (CSA) program just over the Columbia River from Portland. \u003ca href=\"http://littlegnomefarm.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Little Gnome Farm\u003c/a> (“little-known”—get it?) operates according to such biodynamic farming methods as planting and harvesting on a lunar calendar—exactly, Dinberg notes, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar\" target=\"_blank\">as his ancient Jewish forebears did\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seated at his beat-up patio table in a John Deere cap and shorts, Dinberg argues that the lessons Jewish scripture offers about agriculture are more relevant than ever as the globe warms. “The Torah,” he says, “lays out how we’re supposed to relate to planet Earth and how if you idolize things like money, you’ll be pushed off the earth that sustains you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dinberg’s not the only new Jewish back-to-lander who has drawn a connection between farming and the Judaic value of humility. Traison observes that Judaism and farming alike teach that “we live in a world we can’t quite control”—and provide their practitioners with a path to help navigate it. Adamah’s Sadeh, too, sees in agriculture a means for Jews (and everyone) to gain a broader, more spiritual perspective. At Adamah, he says, “we’re trying to provide a connection to wonder that comes from working within natural systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The foundation of any religion is not about laws, or what you eat, or how you practice specific rituals,” Sadeh says. “It’s about ‘wow.’ It’s about the fundamental human experience of awe. Farming’s a great way to get back to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About The Writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n Jonathan Frochtzwajg is a Portland, Oregon–based freelance journalist whose work has been published in T\u003cem>he Oregonian, Portland Monthly, BUST, Bitch, Modern Farmer, Willamette Week, Oregon Business, the Portland Mercury, Smith Journal\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>Los Angeles CityBeat\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88080\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/pumpkins_ElatChayyim-e1411361885521-680x331.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/pumpkins_ElatChayyim-e1411361885521-680x331.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of the Adamah farm at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center.\" width=\"680\" height=\"331\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of the Adamah farm at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/jfrochtzwajg/\" target=\"_blank\">Jonathan Frochtzwajg\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/09/22/beyond-the-kibbutz-the-jewish-farm-renaissance/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (9/22/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This is the first in a multipart series about the connections between faith and farming\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every fall, Paul Dinberg builds a kind of thatch-roofed hut on \u003ca href=\"http://littlegnomefarm.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">his 10-acre farm in Ridgefield, Washington\u003c/a>. This “sukkah,” a ceremonial structure Jews are commanded to construct and (for the very observant) live in for the holiday of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkot\" target=\"_blank\">Sukkot\u003c/a>, commemorates the Israelites’ 40 years of desert-wandering. But sukkahs also have agricultural roots, possibly harking back to temporary structures ancient Jewish farmers would live in during harvest time. For a modern-day Jewish farmer like Dinberg, that gives Sukkot—which begins at sundown October 8 this year—special meaning. “We observe all the different festivals, but as a family, Sukkot is our favorite,” he says. “What gives me satisfaction is the connection to the agricultural cycle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many American Jews observe Sukkot, visiting their synagogue’s sukkah or building one in their backyard (or on their fire escape, as many do in urban areas), only a tiny minority can claim such an authentic connection to the holiday. Despite a history as a largely agricultural society, as well as modern traditions such as the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibbutz\" target=\"_blank\">kibbutz\u003c/a> (a farming-based collective community), it’s safe to say most American Jews are no longer strongly connected to the land: according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/jewish-american-beliefs-attitudes-culture-survey/\" target=\"_blank\">2013 Pew Research Center survey\u003c/a>, 96 percent live in urban or suburban areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As interest in farming and food has grown among Americans in general, though, increasing numbers of this thoroughly citified minority are going back to the land—and bringing with them a millenia-old, rich agrarian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been an incredible amount of growth over the past 15 years,” says Liz Traison, a program associate at the Jewish sustainability organization \u003ca href=\"http://hazon.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Hazon\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"http://hazon.org/transformative-experiences/jofee/\" target=\"_blank\">study the group released earlier this year\u003c/a> found that the annual number of participants in immersive “Jewish Outdoor, Food, and Environmental Education” (JOFEE) programs increased twelvefold between 2000 and 2012. “When people can see where food comes from and feel like they’re part of their community, that’s a powerful and spiritual experience,” Traison says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Jewish Environmental Fellowship is one of several farming-focused JOFFE programs that have cropped up in the last decade or so. It brings a cohort of young adults to \u003ca href=\"http://hazon.org/adamah/\" target=\"_blank\">Adamah\u003c/a>, the country’s leading Jewish educational farm, for three months of organic farming and self-cultivation. Fellows bookend days working on the six-acre tract in Falls Village, Connecticut with morning meditation and evening classes on agriculture-related theology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an opportunity for folks to reconnect with a culture that has been forcibly removed from any relationship with the land for thousands of years,” says Shamu Sadeh, Adamah’s director. “What does it mean to look at liturgy, or Bible stories, or kosher laws through the eyes of a farmer? It brings that stuff to life in a way you’re not otherwise going to get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/onions_ElatChayyim.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/onions_ElatChayyim.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of the Adamah farm at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88079\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of the Adamah farm at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside of institutions such as Adamah, there’s growing energy around the concept of Jewish “intentional communities” featuring farming elements. The first-ever Jewish Intentional Communities Conference, put on by Hazon last fall, drew 188 people. Among the attendees were delegates from Israeli \u003cem>kibbutzim\u003c/em>—institutions with which no Jewish, agriculture-based intentional community in America can avoid comparison. Indeed, many of the ideals that inspired pioneering “kibbutzniks”—self-reliance, honest work—echo in the contemporary U.S. intentional-community movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still so much to learn in the intentional-community world about the rise and fall of the traditional kibbutz movement in Israel,” Traison says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are individual Jewish farmers—like Paul Dinberg. After getting laid off from a job with the City of Portland, Oregon, Dinberg decided to leave behind the cubicle farm for, well, an actual farm. (He’d worked summers as a farm worker during grad school.) Part of his motivation, he says, came from the Jewish concept of \u003cem>tikkun olam\u003c/em>, or “repairing the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a social-action part of being a Jew, where you’re supposed to do something good in the world,” Dinberg explains. “Farming allows me to do that—care for the earth, be a partner with God, provide opportunities for people through good food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the 51-year-old runs an organic farm and community-supported agriculture (CSA) program just over the Columbia River from Portland. \u003ca href=\"http://littlegnomefarm.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Little Gnome Farm\u003c/a> (“little-known”—get it?) operates according to such biodynamic farming methods as planting and harvesting on a lunar calendar—exactly, Dinberg notes, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar\" target=\"_blank\">as his ancient Jewish forebears did\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seated at his beat-up patio table in a John Deere cap and shorts, Dinberg argues that the lessons Jewish scripture offers about agriculture are more relevant than ever as the globe warms. “The Torah,” he says, “lays out how we’re supposed to relate to planet Earth and how if you idolize things like money, you’ll be pushed off the earth that sustains you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dinberg’s not the only new Jewish back-to-lander who has drawn a connection between farming and the Judaic value of humility. Traison observes that Judaism and farming alike teach that “we live in a world we can’t quite control”—and provide their practitioners with a path to help navigate it. Adamah’s Sadeh, too, sees in agriculture a means for Jews (and everyone) to gain a broader, more spiritual perspective. At Adamah, he says, “we’re trying to provide a connection to wonder that comes from working within natural systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The foundation of any religion is not about laws, or what you eat, or how you practice specific rituals,” Sadeh says. “It’s about ‘wow.’ It’s about the fundamental human experience of awe. Farming’s a great way to get back to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About The Writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n Jonathan Frochtzwajg is a Portland, Oregon–based freelance journalist whose work has been published in T\u003cem>he Oregonian, Portland Monthly, BUST, Bitch, Modern Farmer, Willamette Week, Oregon Business, the Portland Mercury, Smith Journal\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>Los Angeles CityBeat\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "GMO Wheat Investigation Closed, But Another One Opens",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg\" alt=\"How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88074\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/26/351785294/gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) say that they cannot figure out how genetically engineered wheat \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/30/187103955/gmo-wheat-found-in-oregon-field-howd-it-get-there\">appeared\u003c/a>, as if by magic, in a farmer's field in eastern Oregon in the spring of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having \"exhausted all leads,\" the agency has now \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/newsroom/news/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOK9_D2MDJ0MjDzdXUyMDTzdPA2cAtz8jT1dTIEKIoEKnN0dPUzMfQwMDEwsjAw8XZw8XMwtfQ0MPM2I02-AAzgaENIfrh-FqsTfyMPCwNPPySjEP8DA2MDdDKoAnxPBCvC4oSA3NMIg01MRAL7m6Pg!/?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2FAPHIS_Content_Library%2FSA_Newsroom%2FSA_News%2FSA_By_Date%2FSA_2014%2FSA_09%2FCT_ge_wheat\">closed\u003c/a> the investigation. But that announcement was almost overshadowed by a new mini-bombshell: More unapproved GMO wheat was discovered this past summer at Montana State University's Southern Agricultural Research Center (SARC) in Huntley, Mont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was discovered when workers tried to clear a small field using the weedkiller glyphosate. Some wheat plants survived, because they carried the glyphosate-tolerance gene that the Monsanto Corporation had inserted into its GM varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were field trials of such wheat at that research station from 2000 to 2003, but all the grain from those trials should have been removed or destroyed. If some unharvested GMO grain remained in the field, it could have grown unnoticed in the intervening years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Tracy, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.uswheat.org/\">U.S. Wheat Associates\u003c/a>, which represents wheat exporters, downplayed the Montana discovery. \"We don't expect any reaction\" from wheat buyers, he says, because the GM wheat was found at a research station, rather than a commercial field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2013 discovery, on the other hand, rocked wheat markets. The genetically modified grain was never approved for sale, and it's unwelcome in countries that buy U.S. grain. Since it was found in a commercial wheat field, foreign buyers worried that GM wheat might have contaminated the entire American harvest, just as unapproved \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6734070\">GM rice\u003c/a> did in 2006. Japan and South Korea stopped buying U.S. wheat for a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests relieved those worries. GM wheat was never found anywhere else — not in commercial seed, nor in shipments of grain. Normal trade resumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these tests only deepened the mystery. Where had this wheat come from? Investigators from APHIS interviewed farmers and took samples of wheat seed throughout the wheat-growing areas of Oregon and Washington, looking for clues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also carried out genetic analysis of the wheat that was found in the farmer's field, hoping to match it with a specific variety of wheat, and thus with a particular field trial in which that type of wheat was grown. (Monsanto carried out numerous field trials of GMO wheat until 2005, when it cancelled the program.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No clues emerged. The genetic tests showed that this GM wheat was a genetic mixture of different types of wheat. Wheat breeders create such mixtures in the course of their work, but seed companies don't sell them or carry out field trials of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto's chief technology officer, Robert Fraley, floated his own hypothesis in a teleconference with reporters last year. \"The fact pattern indicates the strong possibility that someone intentionally introduced wheat seed containing [Monsanto's new gene] into his field,\" he said at the time. He speculated that this could have been an act of sabotage carried out by anti-biotech activists who somehow had acquired genetically engineered seed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USDA investigators declined to endorse that scenario. \"We were not able to determine how it took place,\" says Bernadette Juarez, who led the APHIS investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Mallory-Smith, a professor of weed science at Oregon State University, said that the rogue wheat — and other cases in which genetically modified crops have wandered far afield from their designated research plots — show that APHIS needs to monitor field trials of genetically modified crops more carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also need to realize that plant genes are likely to persist in the environment, once they're planted in open fields, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any time a new trait is put into the environment, there's really no way of retracting that gene or bringing it back and saying, 'We've changed our mind,' \" she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg\" alt=\"How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88074\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/26/351785294/gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) say that they cannot figure out how genetically engineered wheat \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/30/187103955/gmo-wheat-found-in-oregon-field-howd-it-get-there\">appeared\u003c/a>, as if by magic, in a farmer's field in eastern Oregon in the spring of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having \"exhausted all leads,\" the agency has now \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/newsroom/news/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOK9_D2MDJ0MjDzdXUyMDTzdPA2cAtz8jT1dTIEKIoEKnN0dPUzMfQwMDEwsjAw8XZw8XMwtfQ0MPM2I02-AAzgaENIfrh-FqsTfyMPCwNPPySjEP8DA2MDdDKoAnxPBCvC4oSA3NMIg01MRAL7m6Pg!/?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2FAPHIS_Content_Library%2FSA_Newsroom%2FSA_News%2FSA_By_Date%2FSA_2014%2FSA_09%2FCT_ge_wheat\">closed\u003c/a> the investigation. But that announcement was almost overshadowed by a new mini-bombshell: More unapproved GMO wheat was discovered this past summer at Montana State University's Southern Agricultural Research Center (SARC) in Huntley, Mont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was discovered when workers tried to clear a small field using the weedkiller glyphosate. Some wheat plants survived, because they carried the glyphosate-tolerance gene that the Monsanto Corporation had inserted into its GM varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were field trials of such wheat at that research station from 2000 to 2003, but all the grain from those trials should have been removed or destroyed. If some unharvested GMO grain remained in the field, it could have grown unnoticed in the intervening years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Tracy, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.uswheat.org/\">U.S. Wheat Associates\u003c/a>, which represents wheat exporters, downplayed the Montana discovery. \"We don't expect any reaction\" from wheat buyers, he says, because the GM wheat was found at a research station, rather than a commercial field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2013 discovery, on the other hand, rocked wheat markets. The genetically modified grain was never approved for sale, and it's unwelcome in countries that buy U.S. grain. Since it was found in a commercial wheat field, foreign buyers worried that GM wheat might have contaminated the entire American harvest, just as unapproved \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6734070\">GM rice\u003c/a> did in 2006. Japan and South Korea stopped buying U.S. wheat for a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests relieved those worries. GM wheat was never found anywhere else — not in commercial seed, nor in shipments of grain. Normal trade resumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these tests only deepened the mystery. Where had this wheat come from? Investigators from APHIS interviewed farmers and took samples of wheat seed throughout the wheat-growing areas of Oregon and Washington, looking for clues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also carried out genetic analysis of the wheat that was found in the farmer's field, hoping to match it with a specific variety of wheat, and thus with a particular field trial in which that type of wheat was grown. (Monsanto carried out numerous field trials of GMO wheat until 2005, when it cancelled the program.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No clues emerged. The genetic tests showed that this GM wheat was a genetic mixture of different types of wheat. Wheat breeders create such mixtures in the course of their work, but seed companies don't sell them or carry out field trials of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto's chief technology officer, Robert Fraley, floated his own hypothesis in a teleconference with reporters last year. \"The fact pattern indicates the strong possibility that someone intentionally introduced wheat seed containing [Monsanto's new gene] into his field,\" he said at the time. He speculated that this could have been an act of sabotage carried out by anti-biotech activists who somehow had acquired genetically engineered seed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USDA investigators declined to endorse that scenario. \"We were not able to determine how it took place,\" says Bernadette Juarez, who led the APHIS investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Mallory-Smith, a professor of weed science at Oregon State University, said that the rogue wheat — and other cases in which genetically modified crops have wandered far afield from their designated research plots — show that APHIS needs to monitor field trials of genetically modified crops more carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also need to realize that plant genes are likely to persist in the environment, once they're planted in open fields, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any time a new trait is put into the environment, there's really no way of retracting that gene or bringing it back and saying, 'We've changed our mind,' \" she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Giving Chickens Bacteria ... To Keep Them Antibiotic-Free",
"title": "Giving Chickens Bacteria ... To Keep Them Antibiotic-Free",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87947\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/chicks3_wide-5b4c626f8afe2c8cf66136e592068973037f0f0b-e1411454197512.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/chicks3_wide-5b4c626f8afe2c8cf66136e592068973037f0f0b-e1411454197512.jpg\" alt='Within a day after chicks hatch, they are sorted by sex and shipped to farms. Some will be treated with antibiotics; others will not. Photo\" Dan Charles /NPR' width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87947\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Within a day after chicks hatch, they are sorted by sex and shipped to farms. Some will be treated with antibiotics; others will not. Photo\" Dan Charles /NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/22/350590488/giving-chickens-bacteria-to-keep-them-antibiotic-free\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/22/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know those foods and pills that promise to supply your body with \"good bacteria?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/07/09/156381323/confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101\">may or may not\u003c/a> make \u003cem>you\u003c/em> healthier, but some of these \"probiotics\" do, in fact, appear to be effective in chickens. Poultry companies are turning to probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics, which have become increasingly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we took antibiotics out of the feed, we put some other things in, such as probiotics,\" says Bruce Stewart-Brown, an executive at Perdue Farms. \"We've increased the amount of probiotics by five times over the past five years. It's a significant part of our program.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poultry companies have fed antibiotics to their chickens to fight off disease, and also to make them grow faster. Public health advocates have been pushing for an end to this practice, saying that it can lead to the emergence of more antibiotic-resistant bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue Farms has not gone completely antibiotic-free, but it has reduced or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/03/345315380/perdue-says-its-hatching-chicks-are-off-antibiotics\">eliminated\u003c/a> some uses of antibiotics in its operations, and it is expanding production of chickens that are raised completely without antibiotics. According to Stewart-Brown, that has forced the company to search for new ways to keep chickens healthy, which is where probiotics come in. The idea is, all these \"good bacteria\" can crowd out the harmful microbes that make a chicken sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart-Brown says that he was initially skeptical about probiotics. \"Eight years ago, I would have said that they're not working in poultry. They're not very useful. Today, I'm saying that they are useful. Expensive, but useful.\" Chickens that got probiotics stayed healthier and grew faster than birds that didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to say exactly what products the company is using, but some poultry \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoultrysite.com/focus/biomin/2270/biomin-poultrystar-defined-probiotic-product-proves-efficacy\">probiotics\u003c/a> include live \u003cem>Enterococcus, Lactobacillus \u003c/em>and\u003cem> Bifidobacterium\u003c/em> microorganisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87948\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/chicks_wide-8cce0b270d493326ac901c52cfc64cb749287c97-e1411454632397.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/chicks_wide-8cce0b270d493326ac901c52cfc64cb749287c97-e1411454632397.jpg\" alt=\"These chicks, at a Perdue hatchery in Salisbury, Md., have received no antibiotics. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87948\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These chicks, at a Perdue hatchery in Salisbury, Md., have received no antibiotics. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, Perdue Farms has eliminated the use of animal byproducts, such as fat, in chicken feed, after finding that chickens appeared to stay healthier on a vegetarian diet. (Chickens, of course, aren't \"naturally\" vegetarian; given the choice, they'll happily forage for insect larvae.) \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>It now vaccinates its chickens against a wider array of diseases. It experimented with herbal remedies that were used by Coleman Natural, an organic poultry company that Perdue bought in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Stewart-Brown, all of this has increased the company's costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our birds grow a little bit slower, significantly slower than the rest of the industry, in general,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as long as consumers are willing to pay better prices for meat from chickens raised without antibiotics, the extra cost is worth it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "What does it take to get chickens off antibiotics? According to Perdue Farms, an added dose of the \"good bacteria\" known as probiotics can help crowd out the harmful microbes that make a chicken sick.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87947\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/chicks3_wide-5b4c626f8afe2c8cf66136e592068973037f0f0b-e1411454197512.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/chicks3_wide-5b4c626f8afe2c8cf66136e592068973037f0f0b-e1411454197512.jpg\" alt='Within a day after chicks hatch, they are sorted by sex and shipped to farms. Some will be treated with antibiotics; others will not. Photo\" Dan Charles /NPR' width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87947\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Within a day after chicks hatch, they are sorted by sex and shipped to farms. Some will be treated with antibiotics; others will not. Photo\" Dan Charles /NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/22/350590488/giving-chickens-bacteria-to-keep-them-antibiotic-free\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/22/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know those foods and pills that promise to supply your body with \"good bacteria?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/07/09/156381323/confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101\">may or may not\u003c/a> make \u003cem>you\u003c/em> healthier, but some of these \"probiotics\" do, in fact, appear to be effective in chickens. Poultry companies are turning to probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics, which have become increasingly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we took antibiotics out of the feed, we put some other things in, such as probiotics,\" says Bruce Stewart-Brown, an executive at Perdue Farms. \"We've increased the amount of probiotics by five times over the past five years. It's a significant part of our program.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poultry companies have fed antibiotics to their chickens to fight off disease, and also to make them grow faster. Public health advocates have been pushing for an end to this practice, saying that it can lead to the emergence of more antibiotic-resistant bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue Farms has not gone completely antibiotic-free, but it has reduced or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/03/345315380/perdue-says-its-hatching-chicks-are-off-antibiotics\">eliminated\u003c/a> some uses of antibiotics in its operations, and it is expanding production of chickens that are raised completely without antibiotics. According to Stewart-Brown, that has forced the company to search for new ways to keep chickens healthy, which is where probiotics come in. The idea is, all these \"good bacteria\" can crowd out the harmful microbes that make a chicken sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart-Brown says that he was initially skeptical about probiotics. \"Eight years ago, I would have said that they're not working in poultry. They're not very useful. Today, I'm saying that they are useful. Expensive, but useful.\" Chickens that got probiotics stayed healthier and grew faster than birds that didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to say exactly what products the company is using, but some poultry \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoultrysite.com/focus/biomin/2270/biomin-poultrystar-defined-probiotic-product-proves-efficacy\">probiotics\u003c/a> include live \u003cem>Enterococcus, Lactobacillus \u003c/em>and\u003cem> Bifidobacterium\u003c/em> microorganisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87948\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/chicks_wide-8cce0b270d493326ac901c52cfc64cb749287c97-e1411454632397.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/chicks_wide-8cce0b270d493326ac901c52cfc64cb749287c97-e1411454632397.jpg\" alt=\"These chicks, at a Perdue hatchery in Salisbury, Md., have received no antibiotics. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87948\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These chicks, at a Perdue hatchery in Salisbury, Md., have received no antibiotics. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, Perdue Farms has eliminated the use of animal byproducts, such as fat, in chicken feed, after finding that chickens appeared to stay healthier on a vegetarian diet. (Chickens, of course, aren't \"naturally\" vegetarian; given the choice, they'll happily forage for insect larvae.) \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>It now vaccinates its chickens against a wider array of diseases. It experimented with herbal remedies that were used by Coleman Natural, an organic poultry company that Perdue bought in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Stewart-Brown, all of this has increased the company's costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our birds grow a little bit slower, significantly slower than the rest of the industry, in general,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as long as consumers are willing to pay better prices for meat from chickens raised without antibiotics, the extra cost is worth it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": " Hog Island Oyster Farm Fights Climate Change as Demand Soars",
"title": " Hog Island Oyster Farm Fights Climate Change as Demand Soars",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87648\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Hog-Island-Oyster-Leases.-Photo-Courtesy-Hog-Island-Oyster-Co.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Hog-Island-Oyster-Leases.-Photo-Courtesy-Hog-Island-Oyster-Co.jpg\" alt=\"Hog Island Oyster Leases. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\" width=\"680\" height=\"376\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87648\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hog Island Oyster Leases. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/shenry/\" target=\"_blank\">Sarah Henry\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/09/10/iconic-oyster-farm-fights-climate-change-as-demand-soars/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (9/10/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oysters are big business. That might not be immediately apparent on a visit to \u003ca href=\"http://hogislandoysters.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Hog Island Oyster Company\u003c/a> in Northern California’s bucolic Tomales Bay, where the place still has a seafood shack sensibility. The farm was started more than 30 years ago by two marine biologists who borrowed $500 from parents and a boat from neighbors and began cultivating briny bivalves in five-acres of intertidal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a small seafood business and sustainable farm, Hog Island has weathered its share of hardships, including significant oyster seed shortages and the threat of species extinction, courtesy of environmental challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has stayed afloat, though. In fact, three decades on, Hog Island has quite the cult following around the country and it has earned respect as a leader in the shellfish industry. These days, founders John Finger and Terry Sawyer preside over a $12 million operation that employs almost 200, farms 160 acres, and harvests over 3.5 million oysters, clams, and mussels every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the flagship farm, the company boasts an oyster bar in Napa (that survived the recent earthquake unscathed) and the \u003ca href=\"http://hogislandoysters.com/visit/san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\">recently expanded oyster bar in San Francisco’s Ferry Building\u003c/a>, where prospective diners still wait an hour or more to snag a seat before they’re happily slurping salty, meaty morsels off the half shell. The beloved restaurant is now double its original size and features an updated, chef-driven menu and an au courant cocktail program. In the 10 years the oyster bar overlooking San Francisco Bay has been in business it’s shucked nearly 10 million oysters. At the current rate of demand, they expect to shuck 2 million oysters a year, says Finger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87649\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Shucking-Oysters.-Hog-Island-Oyster-Bar-San-Francisco.-Ed-Anderson-1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Shucking-Oysters.-Hog-Island-Oyster-Bar-San-Francisco.-Ed-Anderson-1000.jpg\" alt=\"Shucking oysters at Hog Island Oyster Bar in SF. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87649\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shucking oysters at Hog Island Oyster Bar in SF. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The biggest threat to business? Not the new crop of oyster bars popping up around town and elsewhere in the nation. Nor is it keeping up with consumer demand—for now. No, Hog Island is dealing with a different kind of problem: A quandary known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F\" target=\"_blank\">ocean acidification\u003c/a> or climate change’s caustic cousin. The company has been \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2012/12/03/troubled-waters-farmers-and-scientists-work-together-to-save-oysters/\" target=\"_blank\">working with scientists to study the impact\u003c/a> of this sea change in shellfish habitat that’s killing off billions of baby oysters in the Pacific Northwest and beyond. They’re also blazing a trail on the political outreach and public education front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to quantify the problem in our collaborations with academics so that we can get policy makers to make the kinds of changes on the alternative energy front to address it,” says Sawyer, who believes America’s addiction to fossil fuels and their accompanying carbon dioxide emissions are at the root of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification is a big bummer for baby oysters. Here’s why: Much of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere is taken up by oceans, dramatically lowering pH levels in the process, and creating a chemical change that makes the ocean water more acidic. That increase in acidity creates a hostile habitat for oyster seeds (also called spat) and other marine life. Ocean acidification is especially harmful to oysters at their larval stage, when they’re building their protective coverings. Their fragile calcium carbonate shells don’t form well under increased acidic conditions, stunting their growth, making them more vulnerable to predators, and sometimes killing them outright. This sea shift can also stress small oysters, making them more susceptible to disease, says Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Dr.-Tessa-Hill-UC-Davis-Bodega-Bay-Marine-Lab.-Examining-Ocean-Acidification_PH-Monitoring-Sensoring.-Hog-ISland-Oyster-Farm1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Dr.-Tessa-Hill-UC-Davis-Bodega-Bay-Marine-Lab.-Examining-Ocean-Acidification_PH-Monitoring-Sensoring.-Hog-ISland-Oyster-Farm1000.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Tessa Hill from UC Davis Bodega Bay Marine Lab examining ocean acidification. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87646\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Tessa Hill from UC Davis Bodega Bay Marine Lab examining ocean acidification. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hog Island team closely monitor changes in water temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH at the farm and respond as needed. But that’s not enough. “It’s going to take a paradigm shift in behavior to address this,” says Sawyer. “We have no choice but to face it: We’re on the leading edge of what climate change and fossil fuels are doing to our waters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oysters as Endangered Species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could the end of oysters be near? These veteran shellfish farmers aren’t prone to such histrionic proclamations. But they are concerned about supply and the farm is looking beyond science for solutions. It’s beginning to diversify, which as all farmers know, can be a saving grace during tough times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hog Island is expanding its aquaculture operation. It plans to open an oyster hatchery in Northern California’s Humboldt Bay that will provide seeds to grow in Tomales Bay; permits have been approved and baby bivalve cultivation is expected to start later this year. It’s a practical response to the Pacific Northwest’s spat shortage. Eventually, the site will harvest some of its own oysters as well and sell seeds to other oyster farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Running a hatchery is a tricky and expensive undertaking,” says Finger, who adds that the $1.5 million enterprise will take two years to complete. “We never thought we’d need to go into the hatchery business but the oyster seed shortage changed that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hog island has also partnered with another shellfish farm in Discovery Bay, Washington, where it sources a popular Pacific oyster. The water at Discovery Bay offer a different marroir (think \u003cem>terroir\u003c/em>, only the sea version) than Tomales Bay–it’s colder and more oceanic for starters. And, bonus, the oysters grown there, called Cliffsides, offer customers a more mineral-like taste than your typical Pacifics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For geoduck clam farmers Peter and Robyn Downey of it’s a win-win. The Downeys were looking for a way to diversify their income and offer steadier work to their employees. And the Hog Island crew needed a reliable supplemental source of oysters. The nascent relationship has yielded around 400,000 oysters to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hog Island does ship in oysters from Washington state and the East Coast to add variety, but it hasn’t had to import oysters in the past couple of years due to shortages, says Finger. Still, it has dramatically scaled back its wholesale business to high-end restaurants due to supply issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hog Island is especially known for their extra-small Pacifics, dubbed Sweetwaters. Now, the oyster farm is working closely with \u003ca href=\"http://edibleeastbay.com/online-magazine/fall-harvest-2013/side-dish-2/\" target=\"_blank\">conservation organizations\u003c/a> to reestablish the Olympia, the only indigenous San Francisco oyster. A staple in the diet of coastal Native Americans, overharvesting, development, and pollution all but wiped out these tiny but mighty mollusks during and after the Gold Rush. Since then, these bivalves–known for their cucumber finish and slightly metallic taste–have been hard to find in local waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Olympias offer a blast of copper on the palate but they’re difficult to grow and sensitive little guys,” says Sawyer. While it might be years before these gems are harvested for public consumption, the Hog Island farmers are committed to reestablishing a native species in a marine ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87647\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Hog-Island-Oyster-Farm.-MARSHALL.-Harvest.-RIna-Jordan-1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Hog-Island-Oyster-Farm.-MARSHALL.-Harvest.-RIna-Jordan-1000.jpg\" alt=\"Harvesting oysters at Hog Island Oyster Farm. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"668\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87647\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvesting oysters at Hog Island Oyster Farm. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Big Hit on the Half Shell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planned aquaculture farms like Hog Island have supplanted the wild oyster population for decades now and the tiny town of Marshall in Tomales Bay, home to Hog Island, is Northern California’s Oyster HQ, with five commercial oyster companies in the mix. \u003ca href=\"http://www.drakesbayoyster.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Drakes Bay Oyster Company\u003c/a>, which the company claims supplied around 40 percent of the state’s oysters, closed its retail operation and cannery in July following unsuccessful efforts to keep operating in the Point Reyes National Seashore after its 40-year lease with the National Park Service expired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major supplier to Bay Area restaurants, its unclear where chefs will source local oysters once the farm stops harvesting altogether. This summer, The \u003ca href=\"http://tomalesbayoysters.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Tomales Bay Oyster Company\u003c/a> and several West Marin restaurants filed a \u003ca href=\"http://saveourshellfish.com/SaveOurShellfish.com/Drakes_Estero_Advocacy.html\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit to prevent the closure\u003c/a>. On September 9, a federal judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Friends-of-Drakes-Bay-Oyster-Co-lose-in-court-5744770.php\" target=\"_blank\">rejected\u003c/a> their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Finger would like to see new oyster farms established, but says the expense and bureaucracy is a major impediment in California. “It can take two years and $200,000 just to get the permits approved; it shouldn’t be that time-consuming or that expensive,” he says, noting that oyster farms in states such as Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey have more streamlined approval processes in place for budding shellfish farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On any given day some one million oysters are growing at Hog Island. The farm shoots for harvesting about four million per year but mortality rates are high–around 50 percent. It’s an industry hazard that oyster farmers plan for; a survival of the fittest situation and ocean acidification doesn’t help an oyster’s odds of making it to the juicy, plump size consumers have come to expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years oysters have seen a pendulum swing in popularity. Readily available until the early 1900s in San Francisco, they were an everyday food enjoyed by people at every economic level. Their reputation as a luxury, boutique item came later. These days, farmed oysters are being touted as an ecologically-responsible, lean protein alternative. \u003ca href=\"http://paulgreenberg.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>American Catch\u003c/em>\u003c/a> author \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/07/08/10-things-you-should-know-about-the-american-seafood-supply/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Greenberg\u003c/a>, for example, includes Atlantic oysters and other filter feeders in his short list of locally raised sustainable seafood that get the thumbs up for regular eating by U.S. consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the shellfish farmers at Hog Island are doing all they can to protect both a sustainable food source and their own livelihoods. That’s welcome news to die-hard bivalve fans, who maintain there’s something special, even exciting, about slurping a raw, live oyster off its shell.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The biggest threat to business? Not the new crop of oyster bars popping up around town and elsewhere in the nation. Nor is it keeping up with consumer demand—for now. No, Hog Island is dealing with a different kind of problem.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87648\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Hog-Island-Oyster-Leases.-Photo-Courtesy-Hog-Island-Oyster-Co.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Hog-Island-Oyster-Leases.-Photo-Courtesy-Hog-Island-Oyster-Co.jpg\" alt=\"Hog Island Oyster Leases. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\" width=\"680\" height=\"376\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87648\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hog Island Oyster Leases. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/shenry/\" target=\"_blank\">Sarah Henry\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/09/10/iconic-oyster-farm-fights-climate-change-as-demand-soars/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (9/10/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oysters are big business. That might not be immediately apparent on a visit to \u003ca href=\"http://hogislandoysters.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Hog Island Oyster Company\u003c/a> in Northern California’s bucolic Tomales Bay, where the place still has a seafood shack sensibility. The farm was started more than 30 years ago by two marine biologists who borrowed $500 from parents and a boat from neighbors and began cultivating briny bivalves in five-acres of intertidal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a small seafood business and sustainable farm, Hog Island has weathered its share of hardships, including significant oyster seed shortages and the threat of species extinction, courtesy of environmental challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has stayed afloat, though. In fact, three decades on, Hog Island has quite the cult following around the country and it has earned respect as a leader in the shellfish industry. These days, founders John Finger and Terry Sawyer preside over a $12 million operation that employs almost 200, farms 160 acres, and harvests over 3.5 million oysters, clams, and mussels every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the flagship farm, the company boasts an oyster bar in Napa (that survived the recent earthquake unscathed) and the \u003ca href=\"http://hogislandoysters.com/visit/san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\">recently expanded oyster bar in San Francisco’s Ferry Building\u003c/a>, where prospective diners still wait an hour or more to snag a seat before they’re happily slurping salty, meaty morsels off the half shell. The beloved restaurant is now double its original size and features an updated, chef-driven menu and an au courant cocktail program. In the 10 years the oyster bar overlooking San Francisco Bay has been in business it’s shucked nearly 10 million oysters. At the current rate of demand, they expect to shuck 2 million oysters a year, says Finger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87649\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Shucking-Oysters.-Hog-Island-Oyster-Bar-San-Francisco.-Ed-Anderson-1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Shucking-Oysters.-Hog-Island-Oyster-Bar-San-Francisco.-Ed-Anderson-1000.jpg\" alt=\"Shucking oysters at Hog Island Oyster Bar in SF. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87649\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shucking oysters at Hog Island Oyster Bar in SF. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The biggest threat to business? Not the new crop of oyster bars popping up around town and elsewhere in the nation. Nor is it keeping up with consumer demand—for now. No, Hog Island is dealing with a different kind of problem: A quandary known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F\" target=\"_blank\">ocean acidification\u003c/a> or climate change’s caustic cousin. The company has been \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2012/12/03/troubled-waters-farmers-and-scientists-work-together-to-save-oysters/\" target=\"_blank\">working with scientists to study the impact\u003c/a> of this sea change in shellfish habitat that’s killing off billions of baby oysters in the Pacific Northwest and beyond. They’re also blazing a trail on the political outreach and public education front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to quantify the problem in our collaborations with academics so that we can get policy makers to make the kinds of changes on the alternative energy front to address it,” says Sawyer, who believes America’s addiction to fossil fuels and their accompanying carbon dioxide emissions are at the root of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification is a big bummer for baby oysters. Here’s why: Much of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere is taken up by oceans, dramatically lowering pH levels in the process, and creating a chemical change that makes the ocean water more acidic. That increase in acidity creates a hostile habitat for oyster seeds (also called spat) and other marine life. Ocean acidification is especially harmful to oysters at their larval stage, when they’re building their protective coverings. Their fragile calcium carbonate shells don’t form well under increased acidic conditions, stunting their growth, making them more vulnerable to predators, and sometimes killing them outright. This sea shift can also stress small oysters, making them more susceptible to disease, says Sawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Dr.-Tessa-Hill-UC-Davis-Bodega-Bay-Marine-Lab.-Examining-Ocean-Acidification_PH-Monitoring-Sensoring.-Hog-ISland-Oyster-Farm1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Dr.-Tessa-Hill-UC-Davis-Bodega-Bay-Marine-Lab.-Examining-Ocean-Acidification_PH-Monitoring-Sensoring.-Hog-ISland-Oyster-Farm1000.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Tessa Hill from UC Davis Bodega Bay Marine Lab examining ocean acidification. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87646\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Tessa Hill from UC Davis Bodega Bay Marine Lab examining ocean acidification. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hog Island team closely monitor changes in water temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH at the farm and respond as needed. But that’s not enough. “It’s going to take a paradigm shift in behavior to address this,” says Sawyer. “We have no choice but to face it: We’re on the leading edge of what climate change and fossil fuels are doing to our waters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oysters as Endangered Species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could the end of oysters be near? These veteran shellfish farmers aren’t prone to such histrionic proclamations. But they are concerned about supply and the farm is looking beyond science for solutions. It’s beginning to diversify, which as all farmers know, can be a saving grace during tough times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hog Island is expanding its aquaculture operation. It plans to open an oyster hatchery in Northern California’s Humboldt Bay that will provide seeds to grow in Tomales Bay; permits have been approved and baby bivalve cultivation is expected to start later this year. It’s a practical response to the Pacific Northwest’s spat shortage. Eventually, the site will harvest some of its own oysters as well and sell seeds to other oyster farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Running a hatchery is a tricky and expensive undertaking,” says Finger, who adds that the $1.5 million enterprise will take two years to complete. “We never thought we’d need to go into the hatchery business but the oyster seed shortage changed that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hog island has also partnered with another shellfish farm in Discovery Bay, Washington, where it sources a popular Pacific oyster. The water at Discovery Bay offer a different marroir (think \u003cem>terroir\u003c/em>, only the sea version) than Tomales Bay–it’s colder and more oceanic for starters. And, bonus, the oysters grown there, called Cliffsides, offer customers a more mineral-like taste than your typical Pacifics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For geoduck clam farmers Peter and Robyn Downey of it’s a win-win. The Downeys were looking for a way to diversify their income and offer steadier work to their employees. And the Hog Island crew needed a reliable supplemental source of oysters. The nascent relationship has yielded around 400,000 oysters to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hog Island does ship in oysters from Washington state and the East Coast to add variety, but it hasn’t had to import oysters in the past couple of years due to shortages, says Finger. Still, it has dramatically scaled back its wholesale business to high-end restaurants due to supply issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hog Island is especially known for their extra-small Pacifics, dubbed Sweetwaters. Now, the oyster farm is working closely with \u003ca href=\"http://edibleeastbay.com/online-magazine/fall-harvest-2013/side-dish-2/\" target=\"_blank\">conservation organizations\u003c/a> to reestablish the Olympia, the only indigenous San Francisco oyster. A staple in the diet of coastal Native Americans, overharvesting, development, and pollution all but wiped out these tiny but mighty mollusks during and after the Gold Rush. Since then, these bivalves–known for their cucumber finish and slightly metallic taste–have been hard to find in local waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Olympias offer a blast of copper on the palate but they’re difficult to grow and sensitive little guys,” says Sawyer. While it might be years before these gems are harvested for public consumption, the Hog Island farmers are committed to reestablishing a native species in a marine ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87647\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Hog-Island-Oyster-Farm.-MARSHALL.-Harvest.-RIna-Jordan-1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/Hog-Island-Oyster-Farm.-MARSHALL.-Harvest.-RIna-Jordan-1000.jpg\" alt=\"Harvesting oysters at Hog Island Oyster Farm. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"668\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87647\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvesting oysters at Hog Island Oyster Farm. Photo courtesy of Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Big Hit on the Half Shell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planned aquaculture farms like Hog Island have supplanted the wild oyster population for decades now and the tiny town of Marshall in Tomales Bay, home to Hog Island, is Northern California’s Oyster HQ, with five commercial oyster companies in the mix. \u003ca href=\"http://www.drakesbayoyster.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Drakes Bay Oyster Company\u003c/a>, which the company claims supplied around 40 percent of the state’s oysters, closed its retail operation and cannery in July following unsuccessful efforts to keep operating in the Point Reyes National Seashore after its 40-year lease with the National Park Service expired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major supplier to Bay Area restaurants, its unclear where chefs will source local oysters once the farm stops harvesting altogether. This summer, The \u003ca href=\"http://tomalesbayoysters.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Tomales Bay Oyster Company\u003c/a> and several West Marin restaurants filed a \u003ca href=\"http://saveourshellfish.com/SaveOurShellfish.com/Drakes_Estero_Advocacy.html\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit to prevent the closure\u003c/a>. On September 9, a federal judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Friends-of-Drakes-Bay-Oyster-Co-lose-in-court-5744770.php\" target=\"_blank\">rejected\u003c/a> their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Finger would like to see new oyster farms established, but says the expense and bureaucracy is a major impediment in California. “It can take two years and $200,000 just to get the permits approved; it shouldn’t be that time-consuming or that expensive,” he says, noting that oyster farms in states such as Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey have more streamlined approval processes in place for budding shellfish farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On any given day some one million oysters are growing at Hog Island. The farm shoots for harvesting about four million per year but mortality rates are high–around 50 percent. It’s an industry hazard that oyster farmers plan for; a survival of the fittest situation and ocean acidification doesn’t help an oyster’s odds of making it to the juicy, plump size consumers have come to expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years oysters have seen a pendulum swing in popularity. Readily available until the early 1900s in San Francisco, they were an everyday food enjoyed by people at every economic level. Their reputation as a luxury, boutique item came later. These days, farmed oysters are being touted as an ecologically-responsible, lean protein alternative. \u003ca href=\"http://paulgreenberg.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>American Catch\u003c/em>\u003c/a> author \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/07/08/10-things-you-should-know-about-the-american-seafood-supply/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Greenberg\u003c/a>, for example, includes Atlantic oysters and other filter feeders in his short list of locally raised sustainable seafood that get the thumbs up for regular eating by U.S. consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the shellfish farmers at Hog Island are doing all they can to protect both a sustainable food source and their own livelihoods. That’s welcome news to die-hard bivalve fans, who maintain there’s something special, even exciting, about slurping a raw, live oyster off its shell.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Tax Breaks May Turn San Francisco's Vacant Lots Into Urban Farms",
"title": "Tax Breaks May Turn San Francisco's Vacant Lots Into Urban Farms",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/urbanfarm_wide-755060884e1d03ea379ecee4bf274f43ea398929-e1410301498126.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/urbanfarm_wide-755060884e1d03ea379ecee4bf274f43ea398929-e1410301498126.jpg\" alt=\"Urban farmers turning a vacant lot into a garden plot in San Francisco's Hayes Valley. Photo: Chris Martin/Flickr\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87286\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Urban farmers turning a vacant lot into a garden plot in San Francisco's Hayes Valley. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cjmartin/\" target=\"_blank\">Chris Martin/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/09/347141038/tax-breaks-may-turn-san-franciscos-vacant-lots-into-urban-farms\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, there's a new program aimed at property owners who can resist the temptations of the sky-high real estate development market and turn their vacant lots into agricultural oases instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many sustainability advocates have applauded the creation of the tax incentive, announced in August. But critics say there is no room in San Francisco to devote space to corn, beans and kale when homes cost millions and rent is at least $2,000 per bedroom in desirable areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how the tax break works: Property owners who are willing to turn uninhabited land into farms would get that land assessed at the going tax rate for the state's irrigated farmland. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, that was about \u003ca href=\"http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Other_Files/201309lndvlscshrnts.pdf\">$12,500 per acre\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If accepted into the program, the property owner's annual dues to the city would drop from $10,000 or more to roughly $100. But the landowner would have to keep the land as an agricultural operation for at least five years or pay back the balance of the tax reduction, plus interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To qualify, the farm must also sell or donate produce to local residents, offer school tours or some other educational benefit or serve as a community-run garden space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The city legislation requires that there be some sort of public interface,\" says Eli Zigas, an urban agriculture advocate with the San Francisco-based nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/blog/2013-10-02/california-s-new-urban-agriculture-property-tax-incentive\">SPUR\u003c/a> who helped develop the ordinance. Zigas feels urban farms can, to a small degree, increase a region's food security. But their primary value is to raise awareness among city slickers otherwise disconnected from food production systems, Zigas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city law's author David Chiu, a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, tells The Salt there is currently nowhere near enough garden space in San Francisco to accommodate locals who want to grow their own food. He says the waiting list for some city residents hoping to get their hands into the soil of local community gardens is as long as two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is enormous demand for this, in every single neighborhood,\" Chiu says, adding that, nonetheless, some public gardens have been lost to development projects. \"So we want to create incentive for property owners to preserve their land by using it for farming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's ordinance follows passage of a state law, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB551\">Assembly Bill 551,\u003c/a> in 2013 that gave cities and counties the authority to create tax incentives to start urban farms. While San Francisco is out in front, activists in Los Angeles, Oakland, San Jose, Sacramento and Fresno have all discussed creating similar incentive programs that would foster urban farming and rid their cityscapes of blighted vacant lots, according to Zigas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, too, interest in urban farming is on the upswing, and many states have passed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/agriculture-and-rural-development/urban-agriculture-state-legislation.aspx\">laws\u003c/a> to promote city farms. In New Jersey, property used for urban agriculture is exempted from property taxes as long as a nonprofit organization runs the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Utah, urban land may be zoned for agriculture if the lot is between two and five acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Missouri, Hawaii, Texas and other states have created their own urban farming support programs. In 2010, Cleveland updated its zoning code to permit agriculture on all vacant residentially-zoned lots while creating a \u003ca href=\"http://www.city.cleveland.oh.us/CityofCleveland/Home/Government/CityAgencies/OfficeOfSustainability/LocalFoodsAndSustainableBusiness?_piref34_1123162_34_1122462_1122462.tabstring=Tab1\">grant program\u003c/a> for farmer co-ops and community-supported agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Maryland, counties and the city of Baltimore may now offer tax credits for land used exclusively for farming. Baltimore officials have drafted a \u003ca href=\"http://legistar.baltimorecitycouncil.com/attachments/12049.pdf\">bill\u003c/a> to take advantage of the state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban farming advocate Megan Wakefield with the Community Law Center in Baltimore says growing crops in the city is important because it revitalizes abandoned lots, allows people to experience cultivation of food and helps foster a sense of community among neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From an environmental perspective,\" Wakefield adds, \"urban farming projects throughout the city help reduce the distance food has to travel to get to the consumer and provide pervious ground that helps reduce storm water runoff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in San Francisco, at least, not everyone likes the idea of using valuable real estate to grow food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not like we have a food shortage in California ... but we certainly have a housing shortage,\" says David Sobel, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhdc.org/index.php/contact/index\">San Francisco Housing Development Corporation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps lower-to middle-income people find affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sobel says he would like to see initiatives that support rooftop farming or encourage residents to grow backyard gardens. He says lower-income neighborhoods, especially, could benefit from having access to such greenery. \"That could help meet two needs at once, without precluding people from living there,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Roland owns a two-lot property in San Francisco's Potrero Hill neighborhood that has been used as a farm for years. While he recognizes there's a housing shortage, he'd like to keep the property the way it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to the new tax break, Roland will begin saving about $6,000 per year. (Roland is paying especially low taxes because he bought the property 17 years ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is there $6,000 in value to the people of San Francisco in having this land used for agriculture? I think there is,\" says Roland. He estimates he would reap about $2 million if he sold the land for development, rather than use it as a garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Heisler, owner of the restaurant \u003ca href=\"http://missionpie.com/\">Mission Pie\u003c/a>, sources some of her produce from a San Francisco urban farm. She says she supported the state law passed in 2013. Heisler says encouraging temporary gardens does not prevent a house from eventually taking its place on an undeveloped property— it just encourages property owners to do something productive with their land while possibly making development plans. For properties that are unsafe for building due to instability or erosion issues, the city's tax break offers owners an alternative long-term use plan, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Assembly Bill] 551 does nothing to impede the development of housing,\" she writes in an email. \"If a developer has a site and resources ready for development, she or he will simply go forward and develop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sobel, though, expects any efforts to replace a beloved community garden with homes will meet with fierce resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think a temporary garden could easily become permanent,\" he says. \"I hope people's expectations are shaped around the eventuality that these properties could eventually be developed.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "San Francisco is one of many U.S. cities rolling out incentives to grow food on unused land. But some San Franciscans argue that land should be used to address the acute affordable housing shortage.",
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"description": "San Francisco is one of many U.S. cities rolling out incentives to grow food on unused land. But some San Franciscans argue that land should be used to address the acute affordable housing shortage.",
"title": "Tax Breaks May Turn San Francisco's Vacant Lots Into Urban Farms | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/urbanfarm_wide-755060884e1d03ea379ecee4bf274f43ea398929-e1410301498126.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/urbanfarm_wide-755060884e1d03ea379ecee4bf274f43ea398929-e1410301498126.jpg\" alt=\"Urban farmers turning a vacant lot into a garden plot in San Francisco's Hayes Valley. Photo: Chris Martin/Flickr\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87286\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Urban farmers turning a vacant lot into a garden plot in San Francisco's Hayes Valley. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cjmartin/\" target=\"_blank\">Chris Martin/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/09/347141038/tax-breaks-may-turn-san-franciscos-vacant-lots-into-urban-farms\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, there's a new program aimed at property owners who can resist the temptations of the sky-high real estate development market and turn their vacant lots into agricultural oases instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many sustainability advocates have applauded the creation of the tax incentive, announced in August. But critics say there is no room in San Francisco to devote space to corn, beans and kale when homes cost millions and rent is at least $2,000 per bedroom in desirable areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how the tax break works: Property owners who are willing to turn uninhabited land into farms would get that land assessed at the going tax rate for the state's irrigated farmland. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, that was about \u003ca href=\"http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Other_Files/201309lndvlscshrnts.pdf\">$12,500 per acre\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If accepted into the program, the property owner's annual dues to the city would drop from $10,000 or more to roughly $100. But the landowner would have to keep the land as an agricultural operation for at least five years or pay back the balance of the tax reduction, plus interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To qualify, the farm must also sell or donate produce to local residents, offer school tours or some other educational benefit or serve as a community-run garden space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The city legislation requires that there be some sort of public interface,\" says Eli Zigas, an urban agriculture advocate with the San Francisco-based nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/blog/2013-10-02/california-s-new-urban-agriculture-property-tax-incentive\">SPUR\u003c/a> who helped develop the ordinance. Zigas feels urban farms can, to a small degree, increase a region's food security. But their primary value is to raise awareness among city slickers otherwise disconnected from food production systems, Zigas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city law's author David Chiu, a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, tells The Salt there is currently nowhere near enough garden space in San Francisco to accommodate locals who want to grow their own food. He says the waiting list for some city residents hoping to get their hands into the soil of local community gardens is as long as two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is enormous demand for this, in every single neighborhood,\" Chiu says, adding that, nonetheless, some public gardens have been lost to development projects. \"So we want to create incentive for property owners to preserve their land by using it for farming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's ordinance follows passage of a state law, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB551\">Assembly Bill 551,\u003c/a> in 2013 that gave cities and counties the authority to create tax incentives to start urban farms. While San Francisco is out in front, activists in Los Angeles, Oakland, San Jose, Sacramento and Fresno have all discussed creating similar incentive programs that would foster urban farming and rid their cityscapes of blighted vacant lots, according to Zigas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, too, interest in urban farming is on the upswing, and many states have passed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/agriculture-and-rural-development/urban-agriculture-state-legislation.aspx\">laws\u003c/a> to promote city farms. In New Jersey, property used for urban agriculture is exempted from property taxes as long as a nonprofit organization runs the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Utah, urban land may be zoned for agriculture if the lot is between two and five acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Missouri, Hawaii, Texas and other states have created their own urban farming support programs. In 2010, Cleveland updated its zoning code to permit agriculture on all vacant residentially-zoned lots while creating a \u003ca href=\"http://www.city.cleveland.oh.us/CityofCleveland/Home/Government/CityAgencies/OfficeOfSustainability/LocalFoodsAndSustainableBusiness?_piref34_1123162_34_1122462_1122462.tabstring=Tab1\">grant program\u003c/a> for farmer co-ops and community-supported agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Maryland, counties and the city of Baltimore may now offer tax credits for land used exclusively for farming. Baltimore officials have drafted a \u003ca href=\"http://legistar.baltimorecitycouncil.com/attachments/12049.pdf\">bill\u003c/a> to take advantage of the state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban farming advocate Megan Wakefield with the Community Law Center in Baltimore says growing crops in the city is important because it revitalizes abandoned lots, allows people to experience cultivation of food and helps foster a sense of community among neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From an environmental perspective,\" Wakefield adds, \"urban farming projects throughout the city help reduce the distance food has to travel to get to the consumer and provide pervious ground that helps reduce storm water runoff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in San Francisco, at least, not everyone likes the idea of using valuable real estate to grow food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not like we have a food shortage in California ... but we certainly have a housing shortage,\" says David Sobel, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhdc.org/index.php/contact/index\">San Francisco Housing Development Corporation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps lower-to middle-income people find affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sobel says he would like to see initiatives that support rooftop farming or encourage residents to grow backyard gardens. He says lower-income neighborhoods, especially, could benefit from having access to such greenery. \"That could help meet two needs at once, without precluding people from living there,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Roland owns a two-lot property in San Francisco's Potrero Hill neighborhood that has been used as a farm for years. While he recognizes there's a housing shortage, he'd like to keep the property the way it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to the new tax break, Roland will begin saving about $6,000 per year. (Roland is paying especially low taxes because he bought the property 17 years ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is there $6,000 in value to the people of San Francisco in having this land used for agriculture? I think there is,\" says Roland. He estimates he would reap about $2 million if he sold the land for development, rather than use it as a garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Heisler, owner of the restaurant \u003ca href=\"http://missionpie.com/\">Mission Pie\u003c/a>, sources some of her produce from a San Francisco urban farm. She says she supported the state law passed in 2013. Heisler says encouraging temporary gardens does not prevent a house from eventually taking its place on an undeveloped property— it just encourages property owners to do something productive with their land while possibly making development plans. For properties that are unsafe for building due to instability or erosion issues, the city's tax break offers owners an alternative long-term use plan, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Assembly Bill] 551 does nothing to impede the development of housing,\" she writes in an email. \"If a developer has a site and resources ready for development, she or he will simply go forward and develop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sobel, though, expects any efforts to replace a beloved community garden with homes will meet with fierce resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think a temporary garden could easily become permanent,\" he says. \"I hope people's expectations are shaped around the eventuality that these properties could eventually be developed.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Perdue Says Its Hatching Chicks Are Off Antibiotics",
"title": "Perdue Says Its Hatching Chicks Are Off Antibiotics",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1798px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-3_slide-745a8da86a235a678943bc2f039d8ac427c3261e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-3_slide-745a8da86a235a678943bc2f039d8ac427c3261e.jpg\" alt='Chicks in the Perdue hatchery in Salisbury, Md. The company says all its chickens are now raised using \"no antibiotics, ever.\" Photo: Dan Charles/NPR' width=\"1798\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87094\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chicks in the Perdue hatchery in Salisbury, Md. The company says all its chickens are now raised using \"no antibiotics, ever.\" Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on All Things Considered:\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/09/20140903_atc_perdue_says_its_hatching_chicks_get_no_antibiotics.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/03/345315380/perdue-says-its-hatching-chicks-are-off-antibiotics\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/3/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue Farms \u003ca href=\"http://www.perduefarms.com/News_Room/Press_Releases/details.asp?id=1104&title=Perdue%20Foods%20reaches%20milestone%20in%20reducing%20antibiotic%20use,%20sets%20standard%20for%20responsible%20use\">says\u003c/a> it has ditched the common practice of injecting antibiotics into eggs that are just about to hatch. And public health advocates are cheering. They've been campaigning against the widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture, arguing that it's adding to the plague of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular use of antibiotics is ubiquitous but little-known. It happens at hatcheries, which lie at the heart of large-scale chicken production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87095\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1798px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-4_slide-968d697edf8f023cb77ccbcef66b235e89fc36ba.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-4_slide-968d697edf8f023cb77ccbcef66b235e89fc36ba.jpg\" alt=\"Perdue used to inject its fertilized eggs with gentamicin but phased out the practice over 12 years. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1798\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87095\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perdue used to inject its fertilized eggs with gentamicin but phased out the practice over 12 years. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hatcheries don't get a lot of attention. From the outside, Perdue's hatchery in Salisbury, Md., is just a simple, one-story cinder block building. What goes on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMhmmPjF478\">inside\u003c/a>, though, is amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1 million eggs arrive here every week from breeding farms a few hours away in West Virginia. Unlike the eggs you buy in the store, these eggs are fertilized; there are embryos inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They go into massive heated incubators for 18 days. Then, when they're almost ready to hatch, they're wheeled out into a hallway. Tray by tray, they go through a vaccination robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bank of needles descends. Each needle punctures an egg and squirts in a bit of fluid: a vaccine against a common chicken virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/pub/bruce-stewart-brown/49/a80/195\">Bruce Stewart-Brown\u003c/a>, a veterinarian and senior vice president for Perdue, tells me that the fluid contains a vaccine against \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoultrysite.com/diseaseinfo/90/mareks-disease\">Marek's disease\u003c/a>, a highly contagious common chicken virus. He points out a tiny hole in each egg, where the needle went in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1668px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-1_slide-75255d7d2c567bc0a7d824366d6891dc4640443b.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-1_slide-75255d7d2c567bc0a7d824366d6891dc4640443b.jpg\" alt=\"When the chicks are almost ready to hatch, they go through a vaccination robot. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1668\" height=\"1112\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87096\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the chicks are almost ready to hatch, they go through a vaccination robot. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that hole is a risk, because the last thing you want is bacteria getting in and infecting the embryo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why, in many hatcheries across the country, these machines also inject an antibiotic called gentamicin, along with the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's even \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2014/01/organic-chicken-and-egg-antibiotics-edition\">allowed\u003c/a> in production of organic chicken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It used to happen here, but all of Perdue's 15 hatcheries now are off antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.perduefarms.com/Our_Story/Three_Generations/\">Jim Perdue\u003c/a>, the company's CEO, says that weaning wasn't easy. \"You can't do this overnight,\" he says. \"You really got to work hard at it. And that's why it's an exciting thing, because it's the culmination of a lot, a lot of effort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting to this point took 12 years, Perdue says. When they first tried it, a lot of chicks got infections and died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart-Brown says the company learned, over the following years, how to make sure the hens laying these eggs were healthy, and that their eggs were clean as they arrived at the hatchery. \"You can't have dirty eggs coming into the hatchery and be successful at a no-antibiotic hatchery,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Stewart-Brown, Perdue's hatcheries are working better now, antibiotic-free, than they ever did before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87097\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1779px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-2_slide-49ed18901f3dd8e91079d71d74befe2f5f89b7c6.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-2_slide-49ed18901f3dd8e91079d71d74befe2f5f89b7c6.jpg\" alt=\"At left, CEO Jim Perdue inside the company's hatchery in Salisbury, Md. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1779\" height=\"1186\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87097\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At left, CEO Jim Perdue inside the company's hatchery in Salisbury, Md. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Public health advocates, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/about/experts/gail-hansen\">Gail Hansen\u003c/a>, a veterinarian and senior officer with the Pew Charitable Trusts, gave Perdue a round of applause Wednesday. \"From the public health point of view, to not use gentamicin in the eggs is a big step,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hansen and others have been campaigning against the use of antibiotics in farm animals because it can increase the risk that bacteria will evolve to become \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/29/antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind/\">resistant to antibiotics\u003c/a>. This, in turn, can make human infections harder to treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other poultry companies have also stopped using antibiotics at some hatcheries, but Perdue appears to be the first to make all of its hatcheries antibiotic-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/11/250239604/drug-companies-accept-fda-plan-to-phase-out-some-animal-antibiotic-uses\">has been pushing\u003c/a> meat producers to reduce their antibiotic use in all stages of their animals' lives — not just at the hatchery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, a few days after eggs go through that vaccination robot, little yellow chicks emerge. Within a few hours, they'll be on their way to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On those farms, some of Perdue's chickens will get antibiotics in their feed — but only ionophores, a class of antibiotics that humans don't take. A few flocks — fewer than 5 percent, Perdue says — are likely to get sick; they may get antibiotics in their water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an increasing number will get no antibiotics at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart-Brown says the company is still learning how best to grow chickens without antibiotics. It costs more, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But consumers\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/19/americans-want-antibiotic-free-chicken-and-the-industry-is-listening/\"> seem willing to pay\u003c/a> a little more for chickens that Perdue says were raised using \"no antibiotics, ever.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Perdue Farms, one of the country's largest suppliers of chicken meat, says its hatcheries are working better now without antibiotics. Public health advocates call it \"a big step\" forward.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1798px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-3_slide-745a8da86a235a678943bc2f039d8ac427c3261e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-3_slide-745a8da86a235a678943bc2f039d8ac427c3261e.jpg\" alt='Chicks in the Perdue hatchery in Salisbury, Md. The company says all its chickens are now raised using \"no antibiotics, ever.\" Photo: Dan Charles/NPR' width=\"1798\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87094\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chicks in the Perdue hatchery in Salisbury, Md. The company says all its chickens are now raised using \"no antibiotics, ever.\" Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on All Things Considered:\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/09/20140903_atc_perdue_says_its_hatching_chicks_get_no_antibiotics.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/03/345315380/perdue-says-its-hatching-chicks-are-off-antibiotics\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/3/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue Farms \u003ca href=\"http://www.perduefarms.com/News_Room/Press_Releases/details.asp?id=1104&title=Perdue%20Foods%20reaches%20milestone%20in%20reducing%20antibiotic%20use,%20sets%20standard%20for%20responsible%20use\">says\u003c/a> it has ditched the common practice of injecting antibiotics into eggs that are just about to hatch. And public health advocates are cheering. They've been campaigning against the widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture, arguing that it's adding to the plague of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular use of antibiotics is ubiquitous but little-known. It happens at hatcheries, which lie at the heart of large-scale chicken production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87095\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1798px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-4_slide-968d697edf8f023cb77ccbcef66b235e89fc36ba.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-4_slide-968d697edf8f023cb77ccbcef66b235e89fc36ba.jpg\" alt=\"Perdue used to inject its fertilized eggs with gentamicin but phased out the practice over 12 years. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1798\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87095\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perdue used to inject its fertilized eggs with gentamicin but phased out the practice over 12 years. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hatcheries don't get a lot of attention. From the outside, Perdue's hatchery in Salisbury, Md., is just a simple, one-story cinder block building. What goes on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMhmmPjF478\">inside\u003c/a>, though, is amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1 million eggs arrive here every week from breeding farms a few hours away in West Virginia. Unlike the eggs you buy in the store, these eggs are fertilized; there are embryos inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They go into massive heated incubators for 18 days. Then, when they're almost ready to hatch, they're wheeled out into a hallway. Tray by tray, they go through a vaccination robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bank of needles descends. Each needle punctures an egg and squirts in a bit of fluid: a vaccine against a common chicken virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/pub/bruce-stewart-brown/49/a80/195\">Bruce Stewart-Brown\u003c/a>, a veterinarian and senior vice president for Perdue, tells me that the fluid contains a vaccine against \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepoultrysite.com/diseaseinfo/90/mareks-disease\">Marek's disease\u003c/a>, a highly contagious common chicken virus. He points out a tiny hole in each egg, where the needle went in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1668px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-1_slide-75255d7d2c567bc0a7d824366d6891dc4640443b.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-1_slide-75255d7d2c567bc0a7d824366d6891dc4640443b.jpg\" alt=\"When the chicks are almost ready to hatch, they go through a vaccination robot. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1668\" height=\"1112\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87096\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the chicks are almost ready to hatch, they go through a vaccination robot. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that hole is a risk, because the last thing you want is bacteria getting in and infecting the embryo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why, in many hatcheries across the country, these machines also inject an antibiotic called gentamicin, along with the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's even \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2014/01/organic-chicken-and-egg-antibiotics-edition\">allowed\u003c/a> in production of organic chicken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It used to happen here, but all of Perdue's 15 hatcheries now are off antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.perduefarms.com/Our_Story/Three_Generations/\">Jim Perdue\u003c/a>, the company's CEO, says that weaning wasn't easy. \"You can't do this overnight,\" he says. \"You really got to work hard at it. And that's why it's an exciting thing, because it's the culmination of a lot, a lot of effort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting to this point took 12 years, Perdue says. When they first tried it, a lot of chicks got infections and died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart-Brown says the company learned, over the following years, how to make sure the hens laying these eggs were healthy, and that their eggs were clean as they arrived at the hatchery. \"You can't have dirty eggs coming into the hatchery and be successful at a no-antibiotic hatchery,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Stewart-Brown, Perdue's hatcheries are working better now, antibiotic-free, than they ever did before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_87097\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1779px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-2_slide-49ed18901f3dd8e91079d71d74befe2f5f89b7c6.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/hatchery-2_slide-49ed18901f3dd8e91079d71d74befe2f5f89b7c6.jpg\" alt=\"At left, CEO Jim Perdue inside the company's hatchery in Salisbury, Md. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1779\" height=\"1186\" class=\"size-full wp-image-87097\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At left, CEO Jim Perdue inside the company's hatchery in Salisbury, Md. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Public health advocates, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/about/experts/gail-hansen\">Gail Hansen\u003c/a>, a veterinarian and senior officer with the Pew Charitable Trusts, gave Perdue a round of applause Wednesday. \"From the public health point of view, to not use gentamicin in the eggs is a big step,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hansen and others have been campaigning against the use of antibiotics in farm animals because it can increase the risk that bacteria will evolve to become \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/29/antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind/\">resistant to antibiotics\u003c/a>. This, in turn, can make human infections harder to treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other poultry companies have also stopped using antibiotics at some hatcheries, but Perdue appears to be the first to make all of its hatcheries antibiotic-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/11/250239604/drug-companies-accept-fda-plan-to-phase-out-some-animal-antibiotic-uses\">has been pushing\u003c/a> meat producers to reduce their antibiotic use in all stages of their animals' lives — not just at the hatchery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, a few days after eggs go through that vaccination robot, little yellow chicks emerge. Within a few hours, they'll be on their way to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On those farms, some of Perdue's chickens will get antibiotics in their feed — but only ionophores, a class of antibiotics that humans don't take. A few flocks — fewer than 5 percent, Perdue says — are likely to get sick; they may get antibiotics in their water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an increasing number will get no antibiotics at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart-Brown says the company is still learning how best to grow chickens without antibiotics. It costs more, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But consumers\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/19/americans-want-antibiotic-free-chicken-and-the-industry-is-listening/\"> seem willing to pay\u003c/a> a little more for chickens that Perdue says were raised using \"no antibiotics, ever.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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