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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93129\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion.jpg\" alt=\"Albion strawberries, a variety created at UC Davis, grow on the Chino family farm in Rancho Santa Fe, Calif., on March 7, 2013. Photo: Mike Blake/Reuters/Corbis\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\" class=\"size-full wp-image-93129\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion-400x277.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion-768x531.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion-320x221.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Albion strawberries, a variety created at UC Davis, grow on the Chino family farm in Rancho Santa Fe, Calif., on March 7, 2013. Photo: Mike Blake/Reuters/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/02/10/384982148/californias-strawberry-feud-ends-but-who-will-breed-new-berries\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/10/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future of strawberry breeding at the University of California has been secured. Perhaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/01/327256662/breeding-battle-threatens-key-source-of-california-strawberries\">reported\u003c/a> last summer, more than half of the strawberries that you pick up in supermarkets got their start in greenhouses and test plots at the University of California, Davis. It's one of the biggest breeding programs in academia, and possibly the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/02/327355935/big-bucks-from-strawberry-genes-lead-to-conflict-at-uc-davis\">lucrative\u003c/a>, generating millions of dollars each year in royalties for the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year, though, a feud worthy of a soap opera has been stewing there. The scientist who ran the breeding program jumped ship, accusing the university of not valuing his work or paying him enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's now starting a private company that will compete with the university. The university allegedly considered shutting down its strawberry breeding, which in turn convinced an industry group, the California Strawberry Commission, to sue the university and accuse it of betraying a public trust. The university responded by suing the commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, it appears, all is forgiven. Both sides announced that the lawsuits are history. As part of this reconciliation, the university has hired a scientist who will \"design a new strawberry breeding program for the 21st century,\" according to the university's \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=11151\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new boss is Steven Knapp, who spent 19 years teaching at Oregon State University, but most recently held the imposing title of global director for vegetable breeding technology at Monsanto, the giant biotech and seed company. In that position, Knapp managed more than 200 scientists in far corners of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I missed academia,\" Knapp tells The Salt. He'd just walked into his university office and had to do some investigating to find his new phone number. This particular academic job, he says, is \"a dream come true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Knapp has not previously worked with strawberries. For a few years, at least, he'll have to rely on others as he learns this new crop. What he brings, instead, is management experience. Evidently, university administrators wanted someone with the political skills to smooth the conflicts that erupted last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those conflicts involve the program's essential purpose. In recent decades, the UC Davis strawberry program has acted much like a private company. Its leaders focused on creating new varieties and guarding their intellectual property. The strawberry farmers who grow those varieties, in fact, want the university to continue doing exactly that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some university administrators, though, want it to behave more like an academic program, devoted to research that isn't guaranteed to pay off commercially. And paradoxically, the new hire from Monsanto is singing exactly the same tune. Knapp tells us he's \"creating a true academic program\" that will have more \"transparency.\" The previous breeder, Douglas Shaw, was noted for his secrecy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knapp admits that this new strategy may eventually hurt the program's financial bottom line, which currently benefits from royalties that farmers pay for the right to grow the university's commercial varieties. But he says this may be an inevitable outcome. \"The reality is, there's more competition,\" he says. \"Will [the UC Davis program] remain the Juggernaut that it's been? The trends suggest probably not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Shaw, Knapp's predecessor at UC Davis, is among the private competitors that are hoping to eat the university's royalty lunch. Shaw has not announced details of his new venture, but other strawberry breeders have been trading rumors about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to those rumors, Shaw already has begun raising a new crop of strawberry seedlings — which perhaps will be the ancestors of strawberries that you will eat one day in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93129\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion.jpg\" alt=\"Albion strawberries, a variety created at UC Davis, grow on the Chino family farm in Rancho Santa Fe, Calif., on March 7, 2013. Photo: Mike Blake/Reuters/Corbis\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\" class=\"size-full wp-image-93129\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion-400x277.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion-768x531.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/strawberries-albion-320x221.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Albion strawberries, a variety created at UC Davis, grow on the Chino family farm in Rancho Santa Fe, Calif., on March 7, 2013. Photo: Mike Blake/Reuters/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/02/10/384982148/californias-strawberry-feud-ends-but-who-will-breed-new-berries\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/10/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future of strawberry breeding at the University of California has been secured. Perhaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/01/327256662/breeding-battle-threatens-key-source-of-california-strawberries\">reported\u003c/a> last summer, more than half of the strawberries that you pick up in supermarkets got their start in greenhouses and test plots at the University of California, Davis. It's one of the biggest breeding programs in academia, and possibly the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/02/327355935/big-bucks-from-strawberry-genes-lead-to-conflict-at-uc-davis\">lucrative\u003c/a>, generating millions of dollars each year in royalties for the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year, though, a feud worthy of a soap opera has been stewing there. The scientist who ran the breeding program jumped ship, accusing the university of not valuing his work or paying him enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's now starting a private company that will compete with the university. The university allegedly considered shutting down its strawberry breeding, which in turn convinced an industry group, the California Strawberry Commission, to sue the university and accuse it of betraying a public trust. The university responded by suing the commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, it appears, all is forgiven. Both sides announced that the lawsuits are history. As part of this reconciliation, the university has hired a scientist who will \"design a new strawberry breeding program for the 21st century,\" according to the university's \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=11151\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new boss is Steven Knapp, who spent 19 years teaching at Oregon State University, but most recently held the imposing title of global director for vegetable breeding technology at Monsanto, the giant biotech and seed company. In that position, Knapp managed more than 200 scientists in far corners of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I missed academia,\" Knapp tells The Salt. He'd just walked into his university office and had to do some investigating to find his new phone number. This particular academic job, he says, is \"a dream come true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Knapp has not previously worked with strawberries. For a few years, at least, he'll have to rely on others as he learns this new crop. What he brings, instead, is management experience. Evidently, university administrators wanted someone with the political skills to smooth the conflicts that erupted last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those conflicts involve the program's essential purpose. In recent decades, the UC Davis strawberry program has acted much like a private company. Its leaders focused on creating new varieties and guarding their intellectual property. The strawberry farmers who grow those varieties, in fact, want the university to continue doing exactly that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some university administrators, though, want it to behave more like an academic program, devoted to research that isn't guaranteed to pay off commercially. And paradoxically, the new hire from Monsanto is singing exactly the same tune. Knapp tells us he's \"creating a true academic program\" that will have more \"transparency.\" The previous breeder, Douglas Shaw, was noted for his secrecy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knapp admits that this new strategy may eventually hurt the program's financial bottom line, which currently benefits from royalties that farmers pay for the right to grow the university's commercial varieties. But he says this may be an inevitable outcome. \"The reality is, there's more competition,\" he says. \"Will [the UC Davis program] remain the Juggernaut that it's been? The trends suggest probably not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Shaw, Knapp's predecessor at UC Davis, is among the private competitors that are hoping to eat the university's royalty lunch. Shaw has not announced details of his new venture, but other strawberry breeders have been trading rumors about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to those rumors, Shaw already has begun raising a new crop of strawberry seedlings — which perhaps will be the ancestors of strawberries that you will eat one day in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Organic Cereal Manufacturer Nature's Path is Going Against the Grain by Investing in Organic Farmland",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Nature's Path cereal Nora Kuby. Photo of farm fields courtesy of Nature's Path.\" width=\"680\" height=\"247\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath.jpg 680w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath-400x145.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath-320x116.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of Nature's Path cereal Nora Kuby. Photo of farm fields courtesy of Nature's Path.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Leilani Clark, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/01/28/growing-organic-cereal-from-the-ground-up/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (1/28/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, consumers expect organic food manufacturers to pay close attention to how ingredients are sourced. But, one company has taken the process a step further. Nature’s Path, the British Columbia-based organic cereal manufacturer, has kicked off an innovative crop-sharing model with local farmers by purchasing 5,640 combined acres of farmland in Canada and northern Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why would a company that sells over $300 million worth of boxed organic cereal in outlets like Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s dive into the organic farmland business?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look to the market, says Dag Falck, organic farm manager at Nature’s Path Foods. Even as \u003ca href=\"http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/ssjjd6/united_states\" target=\"_blank\">consumer demand for organic products is projected to grow 14 percent per year\u003c/a> through 2018, organic farming in the U.S. isn’t nearly keeping up the pace. Organic agriculture \u003ca href=\"http://orgprints.org/19517/1/Paull2011DecadeJSDS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">increased worldwide 8.9 percent per year from 2001 to 2011\u003c/a>, but the U.S. has \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwatch.org/achieving-sustainable-food-system-organic-farming\" target=\"_blank\">lagged behind other countries in adopting sustainable farming methods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to be a helpful factor in transitioning more land to organic,” says Falck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a press statement, CEO and founder Arran Stephens put it this way: “By purchasing fertile land and working with organic family farmers, we ensure the purity of our foods, increase organic acreage to sustain growth, prevent poisoning the environment, and provide for future generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Nature’s Path bought two farms in Saskatchewan. Most of the wheat, oats, Kamut, and spelt cultivated on the farms is used in the company’s products. Anything left over, mainly lentils and peas, is sold on the commodity market. The farmers choose the grains and legumes they’ll grow each year, depending on rainfall patterns and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In lieu of charging rent, Nature’s Path agrees to a crop share with the farmers—meaning they give up a percentage of each year’s harvest when it’s time to sell their crops, rather than paying rent on land ahead of the season when they might not have the cash-flow. The risk is lessened for farmers, who get a nice cushion in bad years when their crops are plagued by pests, bad weather or natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the other hand, if there is a bumper crop, we all share the bounty,” adds Falck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all of the ingredients grown on the land they lease in Saskatchewan and Montana, actually end up in Nature’s Path products. In fact, the amount of grains its own farmers produce varies quite a lot each year. Without monoculture’s automation, tracking patterns and finding consistency in the output of diversified organic crops is a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve experienced hail storms where 200 acres of Kamut were decimated,” Falck says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Crabtree and Anna Jones-Crabtree own and operate Vilicus Farms, an organic operation in northern Montana. In 2009, they bought 1,280 acres, most of which was farmed conventionally before it was set aside and given a rest through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=copr&topic=crp\" target=\"_blank\">Conservation Reserve Program\u003c/a> (CRP). Now, because it has been left to go wild, it won’t require a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_certification\" target=\"_blank\">three-year transition period\u003c/a> before it can be certified organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crabtrees entered into a partnership with Nature’s Path in 2014, after years of networking culminated in a face-to-face meeting with Stephens at Natural Products Expo West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a conversation about our farming philosophy and our desire to expand on it,” says Doug Crabtree. “We fit [with] their goals and they fit [with] ours; we signed the lease and it’s all going forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal finalized in May 2014, when Nature’s Path bought 2,700 acres of land near the Crabtrees. The couple are considered the land’s stewards. They practice dryland farming, with an emphasis on soil-building, conservation strips, native pollinator habitats, and crop rotation. Last year, they harvested 15 different crops and seeded six additional covercrops for soil health. This year, they’ll grow spring peas, lentils, red winter wheat, oats and a few other grains as part of a six-year rotation. Since 80 percent of the cropland in northern Montana is wheat, and farmed on a fallow system, Vilicus Farms “looks a little different,” says Doug Crabtree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To further their mission of expanding organic farming in the Northern Plains, the couple launched the \u003ca href=\"http://www.vilicusfarms.com/2015VilicusApprenticeApplication.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Vilicus Farms Organic Farming Apprenticeship\u003c/a> last year. The program trains young grain farmers, especially first-generation farmers, on the nuts and bolts of the business. They hope the program will inspire a new generation to embrace organic grain farming—and keep the supply chain strong in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Companies whose product line is dependent on organic grain may end up going overseas to import some of the supply if we don’t have adequate farmland to meet the growing demand,” says Jones-Crabtree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the company’s leaders would like nothing less than to effect a “wholesale change in farming communities, where organic becomes known as a real opportunity,” says Falck. Take it one step further and they’d like to see non-organic farmers open to the financial, environmental, and health benefits of organic farming and make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Nature’s Path is enjoying the ride. “Not only are we making cereal, we are seeing crops growing in the field,” says Falck. “It’s exciting to be involved in the process from the ground up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nature’s Path founder Arran Stephens and his son Arjan Stephens will both be \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicology.org/speakers/\" target=\"_blank\">keynote speakers\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicology.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Organicology conference\u003c/a> February 5-7 in Portland, Oregon. Civil Eats is an official media sponsor of the conference.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leilani Clark is a freelance writer based in Santa Rosa, California. Her work has appeared in \u003cem>The North Bay Bohemian\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Made Local\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Shareable\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Yes, The Orlando Weekly\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>The Sacramento News and Review\u003c/em>. She is a 2014 California Endowment Health Journalism Fellow through the USC Annenberg School of Communication. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Nature's Path cereal Nora Kuby. Photo of farm fields courtesy of Nature's Path.\" width=\"680\" height=\"247\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath.jpg 680w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath-400x145.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/02/Naturespath-320x116.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of Nature's Path cereal Nora Kuby. Photo of farm fields courtesy of Nature's Path.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Leilani Clark, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/01/28/growing-organic-cereal-from-the-ground-up/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (1/28/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, consumers expect organic food manufacturers to pay close attention to how ingredients are sourced. But, one company has taken the process a step further. Nature’s Path, the British Columbia-based organic cereal manufacturer, has kicked off an innovative crop-sharing model with local farmers by purchasing 5,640 combined acres of farmland in Canada and northern Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why would a company that sells over $300 million worth of boxed organic cereal in outlets like Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s dive into the organic farmland business?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look to the market, says Dag Falck, organic farm manager at Nature’s Path Foods. Even as \u003ca href=\"http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/ssjjd6/united_states\" target=\"_blank\">consumer demand for organic products is projected to grow 14 percent per year\u003c/a> through 2018, organic farming in the U.S. isn’t nearly keeping up the pace. Organic agriculture \u003ca href=\"http://orgprints.org/19517/1/Paull2011DecadeJSDS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">increased worldwide 8.9 percent per year from 2001 to 2011\u003c/a>, but the U.S. has \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwatch.org/achieving-sustainable-food-system-organic-farming\" target=\"_blank\">lagged behind other countries in adopting sustainable farming methods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to be a helpful factor in transitioning more land to organic,” says Falck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a press statement, CEO and founder Arran Stephens put it this way: “By purchasing fertile land and working with organic family farmers, we ensure the purity of our foods, increase organic acreage to sustain growth, prevent poisoning the environment, and provide for future generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Nature’s Path bought two farms in Saskatchewan. Most of the wheat, oats, Kamut, and spelt cultivated on the farms is used in the company’s products. Anything left over, mainly lentils and peas, is sold on the commodity market. The farmers choose the grains and legumes they’ll grow each year, depending on rainfall patterns and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In lieu of charging rent, Nature’s Path agrees to a crop share with the farmers—meaning they give up a percentage of each year’s harvest when it’s time to sell their crops, rather than paying rent on land ahead of the season when they might not have the cash-flow. The risk is lessened for farmers, who get a nice cushion in bad years when their crops are plagued by pests, bad weather or natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the other hand, if there is a bumper crop, we all share the bounty,” adds Falck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all of the ingredients grown on the land they lease in Saskatchewan and Montana, actually end up in Nature’s Path products. In fact, the amount of grains its own farmers produce varies quite a lot each year. Without monoculture’s automation, tracking patterns and finding consistency in the output of diversified organic crops is a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve experienced hail storms where 200 acres of Kamut were decimated,” Falck says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Crabtree and Anna Jones-Crabtree own and operate Vilicus Farms, an organic operation in northern Montana. In 2009, they bought 1,280 acres, most of which was farmed conventionally before it was set aside and given a rest through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=copr&topic=crp\" target=\"_blank\">Conservation Reserve Program\u003c/a> (CRP). Now, because it has been left to go wild, it won’t require a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_certification\" target=\"_blank\">three-year transition period\u003c/a> before it can be certified organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crabtrees entered into a partnership with Nature’s Path in 2014, after years of networking culminated in a face-to-face meeting with Stephens at Natural Products Expo West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a conversation about our farming philosophy and our desire to expand on it,” says Doug Crabtree. “We fit [with] their goals and they fit [with] ours; we signed the lease and it’s all going forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal finalized in May 2014, when Nature’s Path bought 2,700 acres of land near the Crabtrees. The couple are considered the land’s stewards. They practice dryland farming, with an emphasis on soil-building, conservation strips, native pollinator habitats, and crop rotation. Last year, they harvested 15 different crops and seeded six additional covercrops for soil health. This year, they’ll grow spring peas, lentils, red winter wheat, oats and a few other grains as part of a six-year rotation. Since 80 percent of the cropland in northern Montana is wheat, and farmed on a fallow system, Vilicus Farms “looks a little different,” says Doug Crabtree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To further their mission of expanding organic farming in the Northern Plains, the couple launched the \u003ca href=\"http://www.vilicusfarms.com/2015VilicusApprenticeApplication.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Vilicus Farms Organic Farming Apprenticeship\u003c/a> last year. The program trains young grain farmers, especially first-generation farmers, on the nuts and bolts of the business. They hope the program will inspire a new generation to embrace organic grain farming—and keep the supply chain strong in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Companies whose product line is dependent on organic grain may end up going overseas to import some of the supply if we don’t have adequate farmland to meet the growing demand,” says Jones-Crabtree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the company’s leaders would like nothing less than to effect a “wholesale change in farming communities, where organic becomes known as a real opportunity,” says Falck. Take it one step further and they’d like to see non-organic farmers open to the financial, environmental, and health benefits of organic farming and make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Nature’s Path is enjoying the ride. “Not only are we making cereal, we are seeing crops growing in the field,” says Falck. “It’s exciting to be involved in the process from the ground up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nature’s Path founder Arran Stephens and his son Arjan Stephens will both be \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicology.org/speakers/\" target=\"_blank\">keynote speakers\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicology.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Organicology conference\u003c/a> February 5-7 in Portland, Oregon. Civil Eats is an official media sponsor of the conference.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leilani Clark is a freelance writer based in Santa Rosa, California. Her work has appeared in \u003cem>The North Bay Bohemian\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Made Local\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Shareable\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Yes, The Orlando Weekly\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>The Sacramento News and Review\u003c/em>. She is a 2014 California Endowment Health Journalism Fellow through the USC Annenberg School of Communication. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Beef Packers Block Plan To Revive Growth-Promoting Drug ",
"title": "Beef Packers Block Plan To Revive Growth-Promoting Drug ",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/cows_enl-787a2778cbfa3a7f89e6053b47103554f8a3abf7-e1422392884964.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/cows_enl-787a2778cbfa3a7f89e6053b47103554f8a3abf7-e1422392884964.jpg\" alt=\"Cattle in holding pens at the Simplot feedlot located next to a slaughterhouse in Burbank, Washington on Dec. 26, 2013. Merck & Co Inc is testing lower dosages of its controversial cattle growth drug Zilmax drug in an effort to resume its sales to the $44 billion U.S. beef industry. Photo: Ross Courtney/Reuters/Landov\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92347\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle in holding pens at the Simplot feedlot located next to a slaughterhouse in Burbank, Washington on Dec. 26, 2013. Merck & Co Inc is testing lower dosages of its controversial cattle growth drug Zilmax drug in an effort to resume its sales to the $44 billion U.S. beef industry. Photo: Ross Courtney/Reuters/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/27/381630528/beef-packers-block-plan-to-revive-growth-promoting-drug\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/27/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a year, a once-popular drug that makes cattle put on weight faster has been stuck in a kind of veterinary purgatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as the Food and Drug Administration is concerned, the drug, Zilmax, is legal to use. But large meat packers, which dominate the industry, have ostracized it after the drug \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/\">was accused\u003c/a> of making animals suffer. The drug's manufacturer, Merck, has been working on a plan to rehabilitate it. But that effort has stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/\">suspended\u003c/a> sales of Zilmax in August 2013, after Tyson, a leading beef processor, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/09/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales/\">announced\u003c/a> that it would no longer buy cattle that had been treated with Zilmax, and other cattle buyers followed Tyson's lead. Tyson's move followed reports that Zilmax-treated cattle were more likely to suffer from what some researchers call \"cattle fatigue syndrome.\" At an industry conference, an animal welfare expert from the meat packer JBS showed a video of Zilmax-treated cattle that appeared immobile, unable to move properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck responded with a \"five-step plan\" to examine the safety of Zilmax. Last November, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/news/2014-11-5.aspx\">unveiled\u003c/a> new procedures for using the drug, including guidelines and training that are intended to prevent overdosing cattle with the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the centerpiece of Merck's plan, a large \"field evaluation\" of Zilmax, remains in limbo. This study was supposed to include up to 240,000 cattle, at a variety of commercial feedlots. Merck recruited a university researcher to carry it out, and it was supposed to begin last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feedlot operators are refusing to participate, though, because they don't want to be stuck with cattle that they can't sell. And their customers, the beef processors, remain skittish. \"We're not accepting cattle fed with Zilmax,\" says Mike Martin, from Cargill, one of four companies that dominate the beef industry. (The others are Tyson, JBS, and National Beef.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cargill's reluctance to take Zilmax-fed cattle, Martin says, is based in part on continued uncertainty about what caused those health problems in cattle. But he also mentioned another reason: The drug can complicate beef exports. Some countries won't accept beef from cattle that were fed Zilmax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Goss, a spokesperson for Merck Animal Health, says that organizing the Zilmax study has \"been more time intensive and complicated than we anticipated.\" But she says the company still hopes to proceed with it. \"Our intent is not to rush this,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zilmax is part of a class of drugs called beta agonists, which are chemically similar to the human hormone adrenaline. Another beta agonist, called ractopamine, is commonly fed to pigs. They cause animals to grow more muscle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.k-state.edu/media/mediaguide/bios/thomsonbio.html\">Dan Thomson\u003c/a>, a researcher at Kansas State University who has studied the effects of Zilmax on cattle, says that Merck has been acting responsibly in its efforts to revive sales of the drug. \"I think that the changes they've made have been all for the better,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomson also says that beta agonists such as Zilmax are not the sole cause of \"fatigued cattle syndrome.\" Those symptoms, he says, are a reaction to stress. Beta agonists may contribute to it, but so do heat, being transported in trailers and interactions with humans. \"We have been able to study it in cattle that were fed beta agonists and cattle that were not fed beta agonists,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Beef processors continue to block efforts to bring back Zilmax, a drug that makes cattle put on weight faster. Is it because they're concerned about animal welfare, or beef exports?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/cows_enl-787a2778cbfa3a7f89e6053b47103554f8a3abf7-e1422392884964.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/cows_enl-787a2778cbfa3a7f89e6053b47103554f8a3abf7-e1422392884964.jpg\" alt=\"Cattle in holding pens at the Simplot feedlot located next to a slaughterhouse in Burbank, Washington on Dec. 26, 2013. Merck & Co Inc is testing lower dosages of its controversial cattle growth drug Zilmax drug in an effort to resume its sales to the $44 billion U.S. beef industry. Photo: Ross Courtney/Reuters/Landov\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92347\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle in holding pens at the Simplot feedlot located next to a slaughterhouse in Burbank, Washington on Dec. 26, 2013. Merck & Co Inc is testing lower dosages of its controversial cattle growth drug Zilmax drug in an effort to resume its sales to the $44 billion U.S. beef industry. Photo: Ross Courtney/Reuters/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/27/381630528/beef-packers-block-plan-to-revive-growth-promoting-drug\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/27/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a year, a once-popular drug that makes cattle put on weight faster has been stuck in a kind of veterinary purgatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as the Food and Drug Administration is concerned, the drug, Zilmax, is legal to use. But large meat packers, which dominate the industry, have ostracized it after the drug \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/\">was accused\u003c/a> of making animals suffer. The drug's manufacturer, Merck, has been working on a plan to rehabilitate it. But that effort has stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/\">suspended\u003c/a> sales of Zilmax in August 2013, after Tyson, a leading beef processor, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/09/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales/\">announced\u003c/a> that it would no longer buy cattle that had been treated with Zilmax, and other cattle buyers followed Tyson's lead. Tyson's move followed reports that Zilmax-treated cattle were more likely to suffer from what some researchers call \"cattle fatigue syndrome.\" At an industry conference, an animal welfare expert from the meat packer JBS showed a video of Zilmax-treated cattle that appeared immobile, unable to move properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck responded with a \"five-step plan\" to examine the safety of Zilmax. Last November, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/news/2014-11-5.aspx\">unveiled\u003c/a> new procedures for using the drug, including guidelines and training that are intended to prevent overdosing cattle with the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the centerpiece of Merck's plan, a large \"field evaluation\" of Zilmax, remains in limbo. This study was supposed to include up to 240,000 cattle, at a variety of commercial feedlots. Merck recruited a university researcher to carry it out, and it was supposed to begin last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feedlot operators are refusing to participate, though, because they don't want to be stuck with cattle that they can't sell. And their customers, the beef processors, remain skittish. \"We're not accepting cattle fed with Zilmax,\" says Mike Martin, from Cargill, one of four companies that dominate the beef industry. (The others are Tyson, JBS, and National Beef.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cargill's reluctance to take Zilmax-fed cattle, Martin says, is based in part on continued uncertainty about what caused those health problems in cattle. But he also mentioned another reason: The drug can complicate beef exports. Some countries won't accept beef from cattle that were fed Zilmax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Goss, a spokesperson for Merck Animal Health, says that organizing the Zilmax study has \"been more time intensive and complicated than we anticipated.\" But she says the company still hopes to proceed with it. \"Our intent is not to rush this,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zilmax is part of a class of drugs called beta agonists, which are chemically similar to the human hormone adrenaline. Another beta agonist, called ractopamine, is commonly fed to pigs. They cause animals to grow more muscle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.k-state.edu/media/mediaguide/bios/thomsonbio.html\">Dan Thomson\u003c/a>, a researcher at Kansas State University who has studied the effects of Zilmax on cattle, says that Merck has been acting responsibly in its efforts to revive sales of the drug. \"I think that the changes they've made have been all for the better,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomson also says that beta agonists such as Zilmax are not the sole cause of \"fatigued cattle syndrome.\" Those symptoms, he says, are a reaction to stress. Beta agonists may contribute to it, but so do heat, being transported in trailers and interactions with humans. \"We have been able to study it in cattle that were fed beta agonists and cattle that were not fed beta agonists,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Modern Farmer' Owner Says It Will Live On, Despite Staff Exit",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/leadsheep_enl-516bd1f9708bbfe548faafcf83f560e168d0d4c3-e1422084279740.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/leadsheep_enl-516bd1f9708bbfe548faafcf83f560e168d0d4c3-e1422084279740.jpg\" alt=\"Modern Farmer has a particular fondness for stories about anything having to do with goats. Photo: Courtesy of Modern Farmer\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92286\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modern Farmer has a particular fondness for stories about anything having to do with goats. Photo: Courtesy of Modern Farmer\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/14562108/bill-chappell\" target=\"_blank\">Bill Chappell\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/01/23/379446569/modern-farmer-owner-says-it-will-live-on-despite-staff-exit\" target=\"_blank\">The Two-Way\u003c/a> at NPR News (1/23/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hip chronicle of ag life isn't dead yet, the owner of \u003cem>Modern Farmer\u003c/em> says. The National Magazine Award winner lost its last paid editorial staff Friday, \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> reports. But the story comes with a clarification: \u003cem>Modern Farmer's\u003c/em> owner says he'll publish again this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that plan, several people associated with \u003cem>Modern Farmer\u003c/em> tweeted their farewells to the magazine that became known for printing arch photos of handsome animals and writing headlines that once made \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/10/30/360181799/with-style-and-silo-modern-farmer-melds-agrarian-with-urban-hip\">some here at NPR\u003c/a> wonder if the magazine was \"a kind agricultural version of \u003cem>The Onion.\u003c/em>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a sampling, from former managing editor Molly Birnbaum, former deputy editor Reyhan Harmanci and contributing writer Monica Kim:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp>Very moved to see all the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ModFarm\">@ModFarm\u003c/a> love. This was an actual picture a reader sent in; we had the best jobs. \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/9KZu9wATW4\">pic.twitter.com/9KZu9wATW4\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Reyhan Harmanci (@harmancipants) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/harmancipants/status/558715596809187329\">January 23, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp>while we're on the topic, a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ModFarm\">@ModFarm\u003c/a> highlight for me was when i got to eat goat testicles in tennessee: \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/EbdEvy6NcH\">http://t.co/EbdEvy6NcH\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Birnbaum (@mollybirnbaum) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mollybirnbaum/status/558672063473668096\">January 23, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp>RIP \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ModFarm\">@ModFarm\u003c/a>. A wonderful, weird place to write for, with editors I will love forever. Goat parkour, never forget: \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/XQRwxwXwwK\">http://t.co/XQRwxwXwwK\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Monica Kim (@monicamkim) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/monicamkim/status/558719585474846721\">January 23, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were responding to news that the last two editors at Modern Farmer had decided it was time to go, meaning two interns were all that remained of the editorial staff, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/24/dining/modern-farmers-future-in-doubt.html\">The New York Times\u003c/a> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Friday afternoon, \u003cem>Modern Farmer's\u003c/em> official accounts on Twitter and Facebook broadcast the same message: \"The rumors of our death are greatly exaggerated...stay tuned for our summer issue!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> added a correction to its story, apparently after receiving a statement from representatives of the magazine's owner, Canadian businessman Frank Giustra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"An earlier version of this article referred imprecisely to the status of Modern Farmer. The magazine has suspended, rather than ceased, publication. Although the paid editorial staff has left and advertisers have been told there will be no spring issue, a public relations firm for the owner said he had plans to hire new staff and publish in the summer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Today's news follows the departure last month of \u003cem>Modern Farmer's\u003c/em> founding editor-in-chief, Ann Marie Gardner, who ran the magazine out of Hudson, New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it began publication in 2013, the magazine had attracted a small but devoted following, Gardner told NPR's The Salt back in October. She added that its finances were finally getting on track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardner acknowledged that her staff both had fun and took farming very seriously, and that the magazine had found a certain niche, through its \u003ca href=\"http://modernfarmer.com/\">website\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ModernFarmerMedia\">social media\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Allison Aubrey and Dan Charles wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Ask her about some of her favorite headlines, though, and Gardner collapses into giggles. \u003cem>Modern Farmer\u003c/em> has a particular fondness for stories about crime on the farm, as well as anything having to do with goats. 'Goats are kind of the Cats of Buzzfeed for us,\" she says. 'They're just always a winner.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/leadsheep_enl-516bd1f9708bbfe548faafcf83f560e168d0d4c3-e1422084279740.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/leadsheep_enl-516bd1f9708bbfe548faafcf83f560e168d0d4c3-e1422084279740.jpg\" alt=\"Modern Farmer has a particular fondness for stories about anything having to do with goats. Photo: Courtesy of Modern Farmer\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92286\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modern Farmer has a particular fondness for stories about anything having to do with goats. Photo: Courtesy of Modern Farmer\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/14562108/bill-chappell\" target=\"_blank\">Bill Chappell\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/01/23/379446569/modern-farmer-owner-says-it-will-live-on-despite-staff-exit\" target=\"_blank\">The Two-Way\u003c/a> at NPR News (1/23/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hip chronicle of ag life isn't dead yet, the owner of \u003cem>Modern Farmer\u003c/em> says. The National Magazine Award winner lost its last paid editorial staff Friday, \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> reports. But the story comes with a clarification: \u003cem>Modern Farmer's\u003c/em> owner says he'll publish again this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that plan, several people associated with \u003cem>Modern Farmer\u003c/em> tweeted their farewells to the magazine that became known for printing arch photos of handsome animals and writing headlines that once made \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/10/30/360181799/with-style-and-silo-modern-farmer-melds-agrarian-with-urban-hip\">some here at NPR\u003c/a> wonder if the magazine was \"a kind agricultural version of \u003cem>The Onion.\u003c/em>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a sampling, from former managing editor Molly Birnbaum, former deputy editor Reyhan Harmanci and contributing writer Monica Kim:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp>Very moved to see all the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ModFarm\">@ModFarm\u003c/a> love. This was an actual picture a reader sent in; we had the best jobs. \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/9KZu9wATW4\">pic.twitter.com/9KZu9wATW4\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Reyhan Harmanci (@harmancipants) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/harmancipants/status/558715596809187329\">January 23, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp>while we're on the topic, a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ModFarm\">@ModFarm\u003c/a> highlight for me was when i got to eat goat testicles in tennessee: \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/EbdEvy6NcH\">http://t.co/EbdEvy6NcH\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Molly Birnbaum (@mollybirnbaum) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mollybirnbaum/status/558672063473668096\">January 23, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp>RIP \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ModFarm\">@ModFarm\u003c/a>. A wonderful, weird place to write for, with editors I will love forever. Goat parkour, never forget: \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/XQRwxwXwwK\">http://t.co/XQRwxwXwwK\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Monica Kim (@monicamkim) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/monicamkim/status/558719585474846721\">January 23, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were responding to news that the last two editors at Modern Farmer had decided it was time to go, meaning two interns were all that remained of the editorial staff, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/24/dining/modern-farmers-future-in-doubt.html\">The New York Times\u003c/a> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Friday afternoon, \u003cem>Modern Farmer's\u003c/em> official accounts on Twitter and Facebook broadcast the same message: \"The rumors of our death are greatly exaggerated...stay tuned for our summer issue!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> added a correction to its story, apparently after receiving a statement from representatives of the magazine's owner, Canadian businessman Frank Giustra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"An earlier version of this article referred imprecisely to the status of Modern Farmer. The magazine has suspended, rather than ceased, publication. Although the paid editorial staff has left and advertisers have been told there will be no spring issue, a public relations firm for the owner said he had plans to hire new staff and publish in the summer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Today's news follows the departure last month of \u003cem>Modern Farmer's\u003c/em> founding editor-in-chief, Ann Marie Gardner, who ran the magazine out of Hudson, New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it began publication in 2013, the magazine had attracted a small but devoted following, Gardner told NPR's The Salt back in October. She added that its finances were finally getting on track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardner acknowledged that her staff both had fun and took farming very seriously, and that the magazine had found a certain niche, through its \u003ca href=\"http://modernfarmer.com/\">website\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ModernFarmerMedia\">social media\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Allison Aubrey and Dan Charles wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Ask her about some of her favorite headlines, though, and Gardner collapses into giggles. \u003cem>Modern Farmer\u003c/em> has a particular fondness for stories about crime on the farm, as well as anything having to do with goats. 'Goats are kind of the Cats of Buzzfeed for us,\" she says. 'They're just always a winner.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92246\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/doria-robinson.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/doria-robinson.jpg\" alt=\"Doria Robinson is transforming an empty lot in North Richmond, California. Photo: Twilight Greenaway\" width=\"680\" height=\"406\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92246\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doria Robinson is transforming an empty lot in North Richmond, California. Photo: Twilight Greenaway\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/aschlessmeirer/\" target=\"_blank\">Adrien Schless-Meier\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/01/19/this-urban-farmer-is-growing-jobs-in-her-community/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (1/19/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the city of Richmond, California, garnered national attention when its residents voted down a ballot measure to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/07/soda-taxes_n_2088170.html\" target=\"_blank\">impose a tax on sugary beverages\u003c/a>. Groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.dunkthejunk.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Dunk the Junk\u003c/a> hoped the measure would significantly hamper the city’s growing obesity problem. Doria Robinson, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbantilth.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Tilth\u003c/a>, saw the tax as an opportunity to invest in the health of her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson emphasizes that low-income communities are often forced by budget constraints to invest only in the short-term, but something like the soda tax, which would have paid for youth sports and health education programs, could harness collective power little by little, culminating in a transformative change (voters in nearby Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/11/05/big-soda-suffers-historic-defeat-after-berkeley-voters-approve-soda-tax/\" target=\"_blank\">passed a soda tax\u003c/a> in November 2014). “We have resources. We buy food every day. We can use those resources however we choose,” argues Robinson. “As a collective, if we all threw a little [money] in the pot, we can afford” to have a healthier future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was growing up in Richmond, Robinson didn’t think much about where the food she ate might have come from, let alone how she might grow it herself. The city’s poverty level hovers around 18 percent and the overall and child \u003ca href=\"http://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/our-research/map-the-meal-gap/\" target=\"_blank\">food insecurity rates\u003c/a> in Richmond’s congressional district are just under 14 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Until recently, Richmond had the \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/06/richmond-california-murder-rate-gun-death\" target=\"_blank\">ninth highest murder rate \u003c/a>in the country, and much of the violence was inextricably linked to a lack of resources and opportunities in low-income neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until she landed at Hampshire College in western Massachusetts that Robinson learned about local food, quickly becoming a regular among the students who tended to the school’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.hampshire.edu/farm/hampshire-college-farm\" target=\"_blank\">small organic farm\u003c/a>. As her involvement in farming grew, so did her exposure to alternatives to the industrial food system. She learned the ins and outs of running a community-supported agriculture (CSA) program, tried her hand in food retail, and eventually landed back in California at \u003ca href=\"http://www.veritablevegetable.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Veritable Vegetable\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based distribution company and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcorporation.net/\" target=\"_blank\">certified B Corp\u003c/a> that sells produce across the state. Working in distribution allowed Robinson to see the potential to dramatically shift a whole region or city’s relationship to food. Maybe, she thought, she could help that change take root in her hometown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, shortly after settling back in Richmond, Robinson connected with local food activist Park Guthrie, who pitched an idea to a group of activists to convert 42 blocks of the Richmond Greenway into urban gardens that could both tackle food insecurity and teach residents about native plants and pollinators. Robinson had always viewed the area around the Greenway, a stretch of abandoned railroad that ran through the heart of her childhood neighborhood, as a vestige of urban blight. But Guthrie’s vision inspired Robinson, who immediately offered to help him put his plan into action. “I knew that this space could be transformed into open, gleaning gardens for the whole neighborhood,” recalls Robinson. She began volunteering with Urban Tilth who partnered with school gardeners to figure out how to build green spaces and gardens on the Greenway, and Urban Tilth found its purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/doria-robinson1-e1421954381803.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/doria-robinson1-e1421954381803.jpg\" alt=\"Doria Robinson in Richmond, California. Photo: Twilight Greenaway\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doria Robinson in Richmond, California. Photo: Twilight Greenaway\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nine years after joining Urban Tilth as a volunteer, Robinson now heads the organization. As it has grown, Urban Tilth has recognized that gardening can’t solve all of a community’s problems. “Alone, the community garden can’t sustain. You’re able to impact a much larger circle of people through a CSA or market stand,” notes Robinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also admits that not everyone likes gardening and that’s okay. Urban food projects should be diverse enough to accommodate everyone, even those who shriek at the sight of an earthworm. “We still want them to eat the food,” says Robinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its 13 farm and garden sites, Urban Tilth is preparing to launch a CSA and has 150 families on the waiting list. Urban Tilth also working with \u003ca href=\"http://richmondfoodpolicycouncil.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Richmond Food Policy Council\u003c/a> on a campaign to add fresh, locally-sourced salad bars to Richmond schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for the Council arose out of the need to protect the vital local food infrastructure Urban Tilth had begun to develop. After combing through the city’s ordinances, Robinson and her colleagues realized that community gardening was not explicitly permitted—which effectively meant it was illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although many city officials informally supported local food, the Council worked with City’s Planning Department to create the city’s first urban agriculture ordinance in order to protect gardens and other urban food projects well into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if she ever feels Urban Tilth is stretched too thin, Robinson replies that the organization strives to meet her community’s myriad needs—many of which go unaddressed by other groups or local governments. “We could wait around for somebody to come along,” she says, “but we decided to step in” and make change happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Urban Tilth has certainly propelled significant changes to the landscape in Richmond, Robinson champions the organization for its investment in the city’s most important resource: its residents. Like many community-based urban food projects, the organization relied almost exclusively on volunteer labor in its early years to tend and manage the gardens. This, Robinson says, was simply unsustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always been interested in how to get low-income people involved,” Robinson notes. “The answer is jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Robinson’s direction, Urban Tilth began training paid apprentices to coordinate garden programs. “Those first apprentices are almost all staff members at Urban Tilth six years later,” Robinson is proud to say. “And they’re teaching new apprentices—we have over 40 a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a city where steady employment for youth and inexperienced workers is limited to big box stores like Walmart and Target, or fast-food joints like Taco Bell and McDonald’s, Urban Tilth provides a different path. The organization’s programs target youth and trains them to become community leaders who can pass knowledge from generation to generation. Robinson ultimately hopes that by empowering young people with hard skills in agriculture and business, Urban Tilth might eventually seed a number of small co-operative food business in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that Richmond will grow,” Robinson says of the city’s future, not in size or scope, but in confidence. While many people in Richmond are low-income, Robinson emphasizes that they are “not in intellectual poverty or poverty in terms of our relationships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want kids to have pride being from Richmond,” she adds. “We want to pull ourselves up collectively—not by our bootstraps, but together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAdrien Schless-Meier is deputy managing editor of Civil Eats and a contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/category/local-eats-2/\" target=\"_blank\">Local Eats\u003c/a> series, a column highlighting innovative efforts to create vibrant local food systems across the United States. She currently works at the Bauman Foundation to support redistricting reform. She lives in Washington, DC.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92246\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/doria-robinson.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/doria-robinson.jpg\" alt=\"Doria Robinson is transforming an empty lot in North Richmond, California. Photo: Twilight Greenaway\" width=\"680\" height=\"406\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92246\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doria Robinson is transforming an empty lot in North Richmond, California. Photo: Twilight Greenaway\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/aschlessmeirer/\" target=\"_blank\">Adrien Schless-Meier\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/01/19/this-urban-farmer-is-growing-jobs-in-her-community/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (1/19/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the city of Richmond, California, garnered national attention when its residents voted down a ballot measure to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/07/soda-taxes_n_2088170.html\" target=\"_blank\">impose a tax on sugary beverages\u003c/a>. Groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.dunkthejunk.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Dunk the Junk\u003c/a> hoped the measure would significantly hamper the city’s growing obesity problem. Doria Robinson, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbantilth.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Tilth\u003c/a>, saw the tax as an opportunity to invest in the health of her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson emphasizes that low-income communities are often forced by budget constraints to invest only in the short-term, but something like the soda tax, which would have paid for youth sports and health education programs, could harness collective power little by little, culminating in a transformative change (voters in nearby Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2014/11/05/big-soda-suffers-historic-defeat-after-berkeley-voters-approve-soda-tax/\" target=\"_blank\">passed a soda tax\u003c/a> in November 2014). “We have resources. We buy food every day. We can use those resources however we choose,” argues Robinson. “As a collective, if we all threw a little [money] in the pot, we can afford” to have a healthier future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was growing up in Richmond, Robinson didn’t think much about where the food she ate might have come from, let alone how she might grow it herself. The city’s poverty level hovers around 18 percent and the overall and child \u003ca href=\"http://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/our-research/map-the-meal-gap/\" target=\"_blank\">food insecurity rates\u003c/a> in Richmond’s congressional district are just under 14 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Until recently, Richmond had the \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/06/richmond-california-murder-rate-gun-death\" target=\"_blank\">ninth highest murder rate \u003c/a>in the country, and much of the violence was inextricably linked to a lack of resources and opportunities in low-income neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until she landed at Hampshire College in western Massachusetts that Robinson learned about local food, quickly becoming a regular among the students who tended to the school’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.hampshire.edu/farm/hampshire-college-farm\" target=\"_blank\">small organic farm\u003c/a>. As her involvement in farming grew, so did her exposure to alternatives to the industrial food system. She learned the ins and outs of running a community-supported agriculture (CSA) program, tried her hand in food retail, and eventually landed back in California at \u003ca href=\"http://www.veritablevegetable.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Veritable Vegetable\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based distribution company and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcorporation.net/\" target=\"_blank\">certified B Corp\u003c/a> that sells produce across the state. Working in distribution allowed Robinson to see the potential to dramatically shift a whole region or city’s relationship to food. Maybe, she thought, she could help that change take root in her hometown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, shortly after settling back in Richmond, Robinson connected with local food activist Park Guthrie, who pitched an idea to a group of activists to convert 42 blocks of the Richmond Greenway into urban gardens that could both tackle food insecurity and teach residents about native plants and pollinators. Robinson had always viewed the area around the Greenway, a stretch of abandoned railroad that ran through the heart of her childhood neighborhood, as a vestige of urban blight. But Guthrie’s vision inspired Robinson, who immediately offered to help him put his plan into action. “I knew that this space could be transformed into open, gleaning gardens for the whole neighborhood,” recalls Robinson. She began volunteering with Urban Tilth who partnered with school gardeners to figure out how to build green spaces and gardens on the Greenway, and Urban Tilth found its purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/doria-robinson1-e1421954381803.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/doria-robinson1-e1421954381803.jpg\" alt=\"Doria Robinson in Richmond, California. Photo: Twilight Greenaway\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doria Robinson in Richmond, California. Photo: Twilight Greenaway\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nine years after joining Urban Tilth as a volunteer, Robinson now heads the organization. As it has grown, Urban Tilth has recognized that gardening can’t solve all of a community’s problems. “Alone, the community garden can’t sustain. You’re able to impact a much larger circle of people through a CSA or market stand,” notes Robinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also admits that not everyone likes gardening and that’s okay. Urban food projects should be diverse enough to accommodate everyone, even those who shriek at the sight of an earthworm. “We still want them to eat the food,” says Robinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its 13 farm and garden sites, Urban Tilth is preparing to launch a CSA and has 150 families on the waiting list. Urban Tilth also working with \u003ca href=\"http://richmondfoodpolicycouncil.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Richmond Food Policy Council\u003c/a> on a campaign to add fresh, locally-sourced salad bars to Richmond schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for the Council arose out of the need to protect the vital local food infrastructure Urban Tilth had begun to develop. After combing through the city’s ordinances, Robinson and her colleagues realized that community gardening was not explicitly permitted—which effectively meant it was illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although many city officials informally supported local food, the Council worked with City’s Planning Department to create the city’s first urban agriculture ordinance in order to protect gardens and other urban food projects well into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if she ever feels Urban Tilth is stretched too thin, Robinson replies that the organization strives to meet her community’s myriad needs—many of which go unaddressed by other groups or local governments. “We could wait around for somebody to come along,” she says, “but we decided to step in” and make change happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Urban Tilth has certainly propelled significant changes to the landscape in Richmond, Robinson champions the organization for its investment in the city’s most important resource: its residents. Like many community-based urban food projects, the organization relied almost exclusively on volunteer labor in its early years to tend and manage the gardens. This, Robinson says, was simply unsustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always been interested in how to get low-income people involved,” Robinson notes. “The answer is jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Robinson’s direction, Urban Tilth began training paid apprentices to coordinate garden programs. “Those first apprentices are almost all staff members at Urban Tilth six years later,” Robinson is proud to say. “And they’re teaching new apprentices—we have over 40 a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a city where steady employment for youth and inexperienced workers is limited to big box stores like Walmart and Target, or fast-food joints like Taco Bell and McDonald’s, Urban Tilth provides a different path. The organization’s programs target youth and trains them to become community leaders who can pass knowledge from generation to generation. Robinson ultimately hopes that by empowering young people with hard skills in agriculture and business, Urban Tilth might eventually seed a number of small co-operative food business in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that Richmond will grow,” Robinson says of the city’s future, not in size or scope, but in confidence. While many people in Richmond are low-income, Robinson emphasizes that they are “not in intellectual poverty or poverty in terms of our relationships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want kids to have pride being from Richmond,” she adds. “We want to pull ourselves up collectively—not by our bootstraps, but together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAdrien Schless-Meier is deputy managing editor of Civil Eats and a contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/category/local-eats-2/\" target=\"_blank\">Local Eats\u003c/a> series, a column highlighting innovative efforts to create vibrant local food systems across the United States. She currently works at the Bauman Foundation to support redistricting reform. She lives in Washington, DC.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/chipotle.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/chipotle.jpg\" alt=\" Workers prepare burritos at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in New York. The restaurant chain has stopped serving pork in about one-third of its U.S. locations. Photo: Richard Levine/Demotix/Corbis \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers prepare burritos at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in New York. The restaurant chain has stopped serving pork in about one-third of its U.S. locations. Photo: Richard Levine/Demotix/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/01/20150119_atc_chipotles_pulled_pork_highlights_debate_over_sow_welfare.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/16/377760603/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/19/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of all Chipotle restaurants are not serving carnitas at the moment, because the restaurant chain has suspended one of its major pork suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant chain has declined to identify the supplier and the exact reasons for the suspension. In its official statements, Chipotle said only that the supplier was not in compliance with the company's \u003ca href=\"http://www.chipotle.com/en-us/fwi/animals/animals.aspx\">animal welfare standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when David Maren heard the news, he had a pretty good idea what the problem was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren is the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.grassfedbeef.org/Beyond-Organic-Pork/\">Tendergrass Farms\u003c/a>, near Roanoke, Va. It's an online marketer of meat and organic lard from a network of farmers. The farmers raise their pigs Chipotle-style: The animals get no antibiotics or growth-promoting drugs. They aren't confined inside buildings. In fact, most of them spend their whole life on pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren says it's not hard to persuade pork producers to adopt part of that package. They don't mind so much cutting out the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are two technologies that many farmers cannot imagine giving up, and these are things that Chipotle does not allow: farrowing crates and slatted-floor housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrowing crates are small pens, measuring about 6 feet by 2 feet, where mother pigs, or sows, are confined for a period that starts just before farrowing, or giving birth. The sows stay in the crates for about three weeks while their piglets are nursing. These pens are different from \"gestation crates,\" which confine a sow during most of her adult life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The purpose [of farrowing crates] is to protect the baby pigs,\" says Maren. Metal walls keep sows from stepping on the piglets. This also means that the sows cannot move much or turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/ap090710048753_slide-6962e70a8b8da5b2c1a6bcc32b34d52696258fd1-e1421856825108.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/ap090710048753_slide-6962e70a8b8da5b2c1a6bcc32b34d52696258fd1-e1421856825108.jpg\" alt=\"A sow nurses her piglets in a farrowing crate in an Elite Pork Partnership hog confinement building in Carroll, Iowa, in 2009. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sow nurses her piglets in a farrowing crate in an Elite Pork Partnership hog confinement building in Carroll, Iowa, in 2009. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Slatted floors, meanwhile, are a basic feature of most standard hog houses. They allow farmers to raise lots of pigs indoors, out of the weather, and keep them clean. Manure drops down through the slats into collection pits. Critics say it is unnatural and inhumane to keep pigs inside on a hard, bare surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An industry source has confirmed Maren's guess. These two issues were the cause of Chipotle's pork problems this past week, after it discovered the supplier was using the methods the company bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren is surprisingly conflicted about these rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though his farmers' methods meet — and actually exceed — Chipotle's standards, he says, he's not really sure that these rules make much sense for a large-scale buyer of pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take farrowing crates, he says. Confining a sow looks inhumane, \"but the alternative is, if you put a picture right beside that of a farmer walking out of his alternative farrowing house with a five-gallon bucket full of dead baby pigs, you have to ask yourself, which is more humane?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider slatted-floor housing. It's true that this is not a natural environment for pigs, but it allows farmers to handle large numbers of pigs. What Chipotle wants — pigs living in \"deeply bedded pens\" that they can dig around in — takes a lot more work, space and bedding material, such as straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all about scalability,\" Maren says. \"They can find a few hundred farmers to do that, and they have. Can they find a few thousand, or tens of thousands, to feed America? I think that's going to be challenging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chipotle's head of communication, Chris Arnold, says this has not been a problem so far. The current shortfall in pork was a one-time problem with a single supplier, he says. In general, he says, Chipotle has had little difficulty finding pork suppliers who are willing and able to follow its rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold would not identify the offending pork producer. He says the supplier may simply not have fully understood Chipotle's requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that these are good people who are trying to do the right thing, and if they bring their protocols into [compliance] with our standards, we'd certainly consider having them back as part of our supply network,\" Arnold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That won't happen quickly, though. It would mean building another style of farrowing pens and new barns to house the pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Wondering why your local Chipotle is no longer serving pork? It's because a big supplier was housing pigs in confined quarters. But there's debate about whether that's really worse for the animals.",
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"description": "Wondering why your local Chipotle is no longer serving pork? It's because a big supplier was housing pigs in confined quarters. But there's debate about whether that's really worse for the animals.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/chipotle.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/chipotle.jpg\" alt=\" Workers prepare burritos at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in New York. The restaurant chain has stopped serving pork in about one-third of its U.S. locations. Photo: Richard Levine/Demotix/Corbis \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers prepare burritos at a Chipotle Mexican Grill in New York. The restaurant chain has stopped serving pork in about one-third of its U.S. locations. Photo: Richard Levine/Demotix/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/01/20150119_atc_chipotles_pulled_pork_highlights_debate_over_sow_welfare.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/16/377760603/chipotles-pulled-pork-highlights-debate-over-sow-welfare\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/19/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of all Chipotle restaurants are not serving carnitas at the moment, because the restaurant chain has suspended one of its major pork suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant chain has declined to identify the supplier and the exact reasons for the suspension. In its official statements, Chipotle said only that the supplier was not in compliance with the company's \u003ca href=\"http://www.chipotle.com/en-us/fwi/animals/animals.aspx\">animal welfare standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when David Maren heard the news, he had a pretty good idea what the problem was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren is the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.grassfedbeef.org/Beyond-Organic-Pork/\">Tendergrass Farms\u003c/a>, near Roanoke, Va. It's an online marketer of meat and organic lard from a network of farmers. The farmers raise their pigs Chipotle-style: The animals get no antibiotics or growth-promoting drugs. They aren't confined inside buildings. In fact, most of them spend their whole life on pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren says it's not hard to persuade pork producers to adopt part of that package. They don't mind so much cutting out the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are two technologies that many farmers cannot imagine giving up, and these are things that Chipotle does not allow: farrowing crates and slatted-floor housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrowing crates are small pens, measuring about 6 feet by 2 feet, where mother pigs, or sows, are confined for a period that starts just before farrowing, or giving birth. The sows stay in the crates for about three weeks while their piglets are nursing. These pens are different from \"gestation crates,\" which confine a sow during most of her adult life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The purpose [of farrowing crates] is to protect the baby pigs,\" says Maren. Metal walls keep sows from stepping on the piglets. This also means that the sows cannot move much or turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/ap090710048753_slide-6962e70a8b8da5b2c1a6bcc32b34d52696258fd1-e1421856825108.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/ap090710048753_slide-6962e70a8b8da5b2c1a6bcc32b34d52696258fd1-e1421856825108.jpg\" alt=\"A sow nurses her piglets in a farrowing crate in an Elite Pork Partnership hog confinement building in Carroll, Iowa, in 2009. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sow nurses her piglets in a farrowing crate in an Elite Pork Partnership hog confinement building in Carroll, Iowa, in 2009. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Slatted floors, meanwhile, are a basic feature of most standard hog houses. They allow farmers to raise lots of pigs indoors, out of the weather, and keep them clean. Manure drops down through the slats into collection pits. Critics say it is unnatural and inhumane to keep pigs inside on a hard, bare surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An industry source has confirmed Maren's guess. These two issues were the cause of Chipotle's pork problems this past week, after it discovered the supplier was using the methods the company bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maren is surprisingly conflicted about these rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though his farmers' methods meet — and actually exceed — Chipotle's standards, he says, he's not really sure that these rules make much sense for a large-scale buyer of pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take farrowing crates, he says. Confining a sow looks inhumane, \"but the alternative is, if you put a picture right beside that of a farmer walking out of his alternative farrowing house with a five-gallon bucket full of dead baby pigs, you have to ask yourself, which is more humane?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider slatted-floor housing. It's true that this is not a natural environment for pigs, but it allows farmers to handle large numbers of pigs. What Chipotle wants — pigs living in \"deeply bedded pens\" that they can dig around in — takes a lot more work, space and bedding material, such as straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all about scalability,\" Maren says. \"They can find a few hundred farmers to do that, and they have. Can they find a few thousand, or tens of thousands, to feed America? I think that's going to be challenging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chipotle's head of communication, Chris Arnold, says this has not been a problem so far. The current shortfall in pork was a one-time problem with a single supplier, he says. In general, he says, Chipotle has had little difficulty finding pork suppliers who are willing and able to follow its rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold would not identify the offending pork producer. He says the supplier may simply not have fully understood Chipotle's requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that these are good people who are trying to do the right thing, and if they bring their protocols into [compliance] with our standards, we'd certainly consider having them back as part of our supply network,\" Arnold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That won't happen quickly, though. It would mean building another style of farrowing pens and new barns to house the pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Future Strawberry: Will the Loss of a Major Pesticide Help the Industry to Go Green? ",
"title": "The Future Strawberry: Will the Loss of a Major Pesticide Help the Industry to Go Green? ",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92046\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/strawberry.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/strawberry.jpg\" alt=\"Strawberries in the field. Photo: Shutterstock\" width=\"680\" height=\"346\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92046\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strawberries in the field. Photo: Shutterstock\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/jsteinberger/\" target=\"_blank\">Jillian Steinberger\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/01/12/the-future-strawberry-will-the-loss-of-a-major-pesticide-help-the-industry-to-go-green/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (1/12/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to growing strawberries, \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmfuelinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Farm Fuel, Inc.\u003c/a>, a Watsonville, California-based company, is on the cutting edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company grows wild and domesticated mustard and lightly processes the harvest into mustard meal, a soil amendment. They also work with farmers on a technique called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=424327\" target=\"_blank\">Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD)\u003c/a>. This precise farming technique involves applying a combination of water and carbon-rich material (think rice bran, grape pomace, mustard meal, and molasses), and then wrapping the soil in plastic. Under the plastic, the ingredients combine to create anaerobic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea with both of these approaches is to kill the organisms that cause the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_strawberry_diseases\" target=\"_blank\">long list of diseases\u003c/a> that plague strawberry farmers–without pesticides or \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/resources/specific-pesticides/fumigants\" target=\"_blank\">fumigants\u003c/a> (a form of pesticide that treats the soil before anything is even planted). Why the search for alternatives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As pesticide use becomes more restricted, growers have a greater need for solutions that are effective and affordable,” says Farm Fuel CEO and research director Stefanie Bourcier, who has received sizable grants to work with both organic and conventional farmers on these non-toxic techniques. “Ultimately, ASD and mustard meal offer both organic and conventional growers more options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restrictions Bourcier is talking about are no small change. For over 40 years, U.S. strawberry farms–88 percent of which are in California–have relied on methyl bromide, the pesticide that works like a “magic bullet” to control diseases, persistent pests, and weeds. Methyl bromide has made it possible for growers to blanket coastal communities—from Santa Cruz south to Ventura County—with acres of perfect red berries that sell for as little as $2 to $3 a basket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after a very long, gradual phase out, this fumigant–also a \u003ca href=\"http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1205682/\" target=\"_blank\">potent neurotoxin\u003c/a>, known for affecting the health of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/research/heavy-methyl-bromide-use-near-california-schools/health-effects-methyl-bromide\" target=\"_blank\">populations\u003c/a> living close to strawberry fields and a contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mnn.com/home-blog/guest-columnist/blogs/can-private-industry-solve-the-dead-sea-disaster-it-created\" target=\"_blank\">disappearance of the Dead Sea\u003c/a>–will no longer be in use by 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methyl bromide sterilizes the soil by killing off virtually all micro-organisms, good and bad. But the chemical also contributes to the thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer when it evaporates during application. For this reason, thanks to the internationally binding \u003ca href=\"http://ozone.unep.org/new_site/en/montreal_protocol.php\" target=\"_blank\">Montreal Protocol\u003c/a>, it has been gradually disappearing from the marketplace since 1993.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, most conventional growers–many of whom say there are no other reliable methods to eradicate pests and diseases–are scrambling for other options. Farmers and regulators have invested considerable resources into other fumigants, including the highly controversial \u003ca href=\"http://www.pesticidereform.org/article.php?id=392\" target=\"_blank\">methyl iodide\u003c/a>—another known carcinogen and neurotoxin that is considered one of the most toxic chemicals on earth. But after\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/11/21/methyl-iodide-manufacturer-to-end-sales-of-controversial-pesticide\" target=\"_blank\"> public uproar\u003c/a>, the manufacturer, Arysta LifeScience Corporation, withdrew it from the market in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while other chemicals are plentiful in the marketplace, some advocates of alternative farming methods see a positive side to the phase out: New organic and agroecological methods–like the ones Farm Fuel is working on–are on the rise in the 2.6 billion industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92047\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/UCSC_CASFS_Strawberry_Planting_by_Interns.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/UCSC_CASFS_Strawberry_Planting_by_Interns.jpg\" alt=\"Interns plant strawberry starts in an ASD trial field at the Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems at U.C. Santa Cruz. Photo: Brandon Blackburn \" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92047\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interns plant strawberry starts in an ASD trial field at the Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems at U.C. Santa Cruz. Photo: Brandon Blackburn\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A Real Sea Change? Or Just Different Pesticides?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the \u003ca href=\"http://news.agropages.com/News/NewsDetail---6315.htm\" target=\"_blank\">European Union phased out methyl bromide\u003c/a> completely in 2013, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/cueinfo.html\" target=\"_blank\">Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been granting so-called critical use exemptions (CUEs) since 2005\u003c/a>. These have been granted whenever an industry argues that not using methyl bromide would create “significant market disruptions” and when there are “no technically or economically feasible alternatives or substitutes.” But after 2016, CUEs will no longer be an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California growers, this change is worrisome. Today, strawberry farms and nurseries account for nearly all methyl bromide used in agriculture. But they’ve only been granted a CUE for 412 tons this year, enough to treat 8,000 acres, or 20 percent of the 40,000 acres planted in strawberries, according to Carolyn O’Donnell, Communication Director at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrawberry.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Strawberry Commission\u003c/a> (CSC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, that number will drop to 255 tons–enough for only around 9 percent of the current strawberry acreage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help growers make the inevitable transition, University of California and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) researchers have spent several years testing methyl bromide alternatives, both chemical and biological, with well over $5 million in grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Carol Shennan, an agroecologist at the \u003ca href=\"http://casfs.ucsc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">University of California, Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, is at the forefront of the research with multiple year grants from the USDA to study Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation at the farm scale. Over 10 years, Dr. Shennan and lead researcher Dr. Joji Muramoto have seen \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7phq_p2JQk\" target=\"_blank\">positive results with field tests\u003c/a> on farms around the state. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/CUN2015/2015CUNStrawberry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a government document\u003c/a> notes that, “These experimental trials have shown good disease suppression and fruit yields comparable to methyl bromide treatments and other chemical fumigants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm Fuel brought ASD to market in 2011, which was its first commercial introduction. In 2013, California’s Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) awarded the company a three-year grant to introduce conventional growers to the non-toxic alternative. Currently, the company has 22 trial sites across California and another 28 commercial clients. It estimates that about 25 percent of the new acreage it treated in 2014 was on conventional farms. Farm Fuel also claims that it is cost effective, with a per acre cost of $2,700 compared to $3,900 or more for methyl bromide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these efforts, most conventional growers will begin using other fumigants. In particular, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/alts.html\" target=\"_blank\">EPA recommends\u003c/a> as substitutes chloropicrin and 1,3-D, and combinations of the two with other chemicals. Neither is considered as effective as methyl bromide and both have negative \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/health/kids/farm/chap1.asp\" target=\"_blank\">health impacts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War I, leftover stockpiles of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750034.html\" target=\"_blank\">chloropicrin\u003c/a>—a weapon then nicknamed “vomiting gas”—were directed to agricultural use. Although its use is on the rise in the U.S., chloropicrin was \u003ca href=\"http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/guidance/industries/pesticides/topics/pesticide-approvals/eu/eu-reviews/Withdrawal-of-chloropicrin-products-from-the-market\" target=\"_blank\">phased out in Europe\u003c/a> in 2013 due to respiratory health effects. The other go-to fumigant is 1,3-D, a known carcinogen produced by Dow Chemical. The DPR outlawed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519572/\" target=\"_blank\">1,3-D\u003c/a> in 1990, but allowed it back on the market in 2004 with restrictions, anticipating its need in light of the phase-out of methyl bromide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/dprbios.htm\" target=\"_blank\">DPR Director Brian Leahy\u003c/a> believes that ASD shows promise and he says that the department is actively committed to helping California farmers find less toxic ways to tackle soilborne pests and reduce their use of chemical fumigants. Leahy, a former organic rice farmer, said in a recent email exchange: “It is no secret that the department has and continues to take a long hard look at fumigants to ensure they are used in a protective manner. DPR believes the right to farm does not mean the right to cause harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly but surely the fumigant tools are going away,” says the California Strawberry Commission’s O’Donnell. The Commission also received a grant from DPR to study ASD in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As O’Donnell sees it there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the pests that plague strawberry growers, but adding ASD to the toolbox is good for all farmers. “What is coming out of the research is essentially a cookbook full of recipes,” says O’Donnell. “‘If you have this soil type and these types of disease organisms, then these are the materials and methods you need to use,’ and so on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Donnell says that strawberry farmers are already in the habit of trying out new techniques on small sections of their fields—and that 20 percent of conventional growers also have organic operations. Plus, she says, “Anyone who’s working on strawberries—they’re all talking to each other.” CSC also hosts “field days” to help farmers connect to scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, O’Donnell is hesitant to embrace biological controls because she says it’s unclear whether they’ll be able to perform as consistently as fumigants over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What farmers need—or want—is another magic bullet. O’Donnell, whose organization represents approximately 400 farmers, points to the up-front investment strawberry farmers make, spending up to $20,000 per acre for the land, plants, fertilizer, etc. before they harvest a single berry. “If your crop peters out, you lose your investment—and sometimes your house or your business.” In other words, farmers have to be sure they’ll protect their investment or they won’t adopt new methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What About Organic?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some farmers have been growing strawberries for years without methyl bromide. Take \u003ca href=\"http://library.ucsc.edu/reg-hist/cultiv/cochran\" target=\"_blank\">Jim Cochran\u003c/a>, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.swantonberryfarm.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Swanton Berry Farm\u003c/a>, a 75-acre farm in Davenport, just north of Santa Cruz. Cochran is also the first farmer to grow organic strawberries in the state. He sits on the board of directors at Farm Fuel and is part of the company’s ASD trials along with seven other strawberry farms, in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"http://casfs.ucsc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems\u003c/a> at U.C. Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any strawberry farmer, Cochran is concerned with pests and diseases and he is interested in ASD. However, for over 30 years he has relied on traditional organic practices such as adding compost to his soil and crop rotations. Each field gets planted in strawberries just once every five or six years. During other years the fields are planted with crops like cauliflower or broccoli—which are modestly profitable—or the fields are fallow with cover crops like alfalfa. On the other hand, conventional growers who rely on chemical fumigants grow strawberries in the same field every other year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The multi-crop organic farm is vastly more complex than the single crop chemical strawberry farm. It requires much more management,” says Cochran. Crop rotation and organic methods are expensive and the yields are generally a little lower. “It’s not easy. What we’re up against is people who use chemicals and produce strawberries at $2.50 a basket and can still be quite profitable,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://library.ucsc.edu/reg-hist/cultiv/cantisano\" target=\"_blank\">Amigo Cantisano\u003c/a>, a leading organics advisor who helped found the \u003ca href=\"http://eco-farm.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Ecological Farming Association\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccof.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Certified Organic Farmers\u003c/a> (CCOF), says that ASD is “an increasingly viable alternative to methyl bromide, and that’s a good thing.” But he worries that fumigants allow farmers not to “deal with soil biologically in a holistic way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Cantisano sees it, controls—whether they are chemical or biological—allow farmers to forego building up the necessary \u003ca href=\"http://www.soilfoodweb.com/\" target=\"_blank\">soil foodweb\u003c/a>. And fungicides wipe out soil flora, which create resistance to the very pathogens methyl bromide is used to kill. “The lack of a long-term \u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/organic-farming1.htm\" target=\"_blank\">crop rotation\u003c/a> system eliminates the opportunity for the soil to cleanse itself biologically,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it’s not just conventional growers who rely on methyl bromide. While organic farmers do not use it in the fields, their \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/CUN2013/2013CUNStrawberryNursery.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">certified pest-free nursery “starts”\u003c/a> (baby plants) are grown in soil sterilized with methyl bromide, just like conventional growers. This is legal for certified organic farms, and the justification is that even one diseased start could ruin an entire crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Lisa Bunin, Organic Policy Director at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Food Safety\u003c/a> (CFS), “Both stages in the strawberry production process use enormous amounts of methyl bromide, and both represent critical junctures in the supply chain that need to figure out alternative production strategies.” According to a \u003ca href=\"https://beta.cironline.org/reports/even-organic-strawberries-are-grown-with-dangerous-pesticides/\" target=\"_blank\">recent in-depth report by the Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, CFS is leading a project to grow an experimental nursery crop of organic strawberry starts in Central California, and late last year, six organic farms planted those starts in soil for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Lies Ahead?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the DPR will clearly continue to allow—and indeed support—the use of chemical fumigants, Director Leahy is cognizant of the bigger picture. “In order to better understand pest control for any crop, California needs to better understand the soil ecosystem and how pests behave,” he says. “This requires a major public investment and dedicated research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, it’s likely that companies like \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmfuelinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Farm Fuel\u003c/a> will gradually make inroads into the market as they develop relationships with the many curious farmers willing to give ASD and other biological approaches a try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 1996–just a couple years after the Montreal Protocol’s phase-out went into effect–some individuals at the EPA were already talking about non-chemical approaches. In a \u003ca href=\"http://mbao.org/orgsber2.html\" target=\"_blank\">paper they released that year\u003c/a>, the officials wrote: “Organic strawberry production is an effective integrated approach that offers an alternative to methyl bromide use for California strawberries.” Sometimes we have to look back to look forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJillian Laurel Steinberger is on the case, always looking for a good story to write about plants, health, and food justice. Recent stories investigate the herbal economy, mushroom culture, Fibershed, drought tolerant edible gardening, and rethinking wheat. Her style is informed by whole systems thinking and pattern literacy à la Permaculture. She is a regular contributor to \u003cem>Edible East Bay\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Edible Monterey Bay\u003c/em>, and her work has appeared in \u003cem>BUST\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Bitch\u003c/em>, the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>, \u003cem>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/em>, and the \u003cem>Huffington Post\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92046\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/strawberry.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/strawberry.jpg\" alt=\"Strawberries in the field. Photo: Shutterstock\" width=\"680\" height=\"346\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92046\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strawberries in the field. Photo: Shutterstock\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/jsteinberger/\" target=\"_blank\">Jillian Steinberger\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/01/12/the-future-strawberry-will-the-loss-of-a-major-pesticide-help-the-industry-to-go-green/\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> (1/12/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to growing strawberries, \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmfuelinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Farm Fuel, Inc.\u003c/a>, a Watsonville, California-based company, is on the cutting edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company grows wild and domesticated mustard and lightly processes the harvest into mustard meal, a soil amendment. They also work with farmers on a technique called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=424327\" target=\"_blank\">Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD)\u003c/a>. This precise farming technique involves applying a combination of water and carbon-rich material (think rice bran, grape pomace, mustard meal, and molasses), and then wrapping the soil in plastic. Under the plastic, the ingredients combine to create anaerobic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea with both of these approaches is to kill the organisms that cause the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_strawberry_diseases\" target=\"_blank\">long list of diseases\u003c/a> that plague strawberry farmers–without pesticides or \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/resources/specific-pesticides/fumigants\" target=\"_blank\">fumigants\u003c/a> (a form of pesticide that treats the soil before anything is even planted). Why the search for alternatives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As pesticide use becomes more restricted, growers have a greater need for solutions that are effective and affordable,” says Farm Fuel CEO and research director Stefanie Bourcier, who has received sizable grants to work with both organic and conventional farmers on these non-toxic techniques. “Ultimately, ASD and mustard meal offer both organic and conventional growers more options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restrictions Bourcier is talking about are no small change. For over 40 years, U.S. strawberry farms–88 percent of which are in California–have relied on methyl bromide, the pesticide that works like a “magic bullet” to control diseases, persistent pests, and weeds. Methyl bromide has made it possible for growers to blanket coastal communities—from Santa Cruz south to Ventura County—with acres of perfect red berries that sell for as little as $2 to $3 a basket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after a very long, gradual phase out, this fumigant–also a \u003ca href=\"http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1205682/\" target=\"_blank\">potent neurotoxin\u003c/a>, known for affecting the health of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/research/heavy-methyl-bromide-use-near-california-schools/health-effects-methyl-bromide\" target=\"_blank\">populations\u003c/a> living close to strawberry fields and a contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mnn.com/home-blog/guest-columnist/blogs/can-private-industry-solve-the-dead-sea-disaster-it-created\" target=\"_blank\">disappearance of the Dead Sea\u003c/a>–will no longer be in use by 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methyl bromide sterilizes the soil by killing off virtually all micro-organisms, good and bad. But the chemical also contributes to the thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer when it evaporates during application. For this reason, thanks to the internationally binding \u003ca href=\"http://ozone.unep.org/new_site/en/montreal_protocol.php\" target=\"_blank\">Montreal Protocol\u003c/a>, it has been gradually disappearing from the marketplace since 1993.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, most conventional growers–many of whom say there are no other reliable methods to eradicate pests and diseases–are scrambling for other options. Farmers and regulators have invested considerable resources into other fumigants, including the highly controversial \u003ca href=\"http://www.pesticidereform.org/article.php?id=392\" target=\"_blank\">methyl iodide\u003c/a>—another known carcinogen and neurotoxin that is considered one of the most toxic chemicals on earth. But after\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/11/21/methyl-iodide-manufacturer-to-end-sales-of-controversial-pesticide\" target=\"_blank\"> public uproar\u003c/a>, the manufacturer, Arysta LifeScience Corporation, withdrew it from the market in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while other chemicals are plentiful in the marketplace, some advocates of alternative farming methods see a positive side to the phase out: New organic and agroecological methods–like the ones Farm Fuel is working on–are on the rise in the 2.6 billion industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92047\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/UCSC_CASFS_Strawberry_Planting_by_Interns.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/UCSC_CASFS_Strawberry_Planting_by_Interns.jpg\" alt=\"Interns plant strawberry starts in an ASD trial field at the Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems at U.C. Santa Cruz. Photo: Brandon Blackburn \" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92047\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interns plant strawberry starts in an ASD trial field at the Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems at U.C. Santa Cruz. Photo: Brandon Blackburn\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A Real Sea Change? Or Just Different Pesticides?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the \u003ca href=\"http://news.agropages.com/News/NewsDetail---6315.htm\" target=\"_blank\">European Union phased out methyl bromide\u003c/a> completely in 2013, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/cueinfo.html\" target=\"_blank\">Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been granting so-called critical use exemptions (CUEs) since 2005\u003c/a>. These have been granted whenever an industry argues that not using methyl bromide would create “significant market disruptions” and when there are “no technically or economically feasible alternatives or substitutes.” But after 2016, CUEs will no longer be an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California growers, this change is worrisome. Today, strawberry farms and nurseries account for nearly all methyl bromide used in agriculture. But they’ve only been granted a CUE for 412 tons this year, enough to treat 8,000 acres, or 20 percent of the 40,000 acres planted in strawberries, according to Carolyn O’Donnell, Communication Director at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrawberry.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Strawberry Commission\u003c/a> (CSC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, that number will drop to 255 tons–enough for only around 9 percent of the current strawberry acreage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help growers make the inevitable transition, University of California and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) researchers have spent several years testing methyl bromide alternatives, both chemical and biological, with well over $5 million in grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Carol Shennan, an agroecologist at the \u003ca href=\"http://casfs.ucsc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">University of California, Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, is at the forefront of the research with multiple year grants from the USDA to study Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation at the farm scale. Over 10 years, Dr. Shennan and lead researcher Dr. Joji Muramoto have seen \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7phq_p2JQk\" target=\"_blank\">positive results with field tests\u003c/a> on farms around the state. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/CUN2015/2015CUNStrawberry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a government document\u003c/a> notes that, “These experimental trials have shown good disease suppression and fruit yields comparable to methyl bromide treatments and other chemical fumigants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm Fuel brought ASD to market in 2011, which was its first commercial introduction. In 2013, California’s Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) awarded the company a three-year grant to introduce conventional growers to the non-toxic alternative. Currently, the company has 22 trial sites across California and another 28 commercial clients. It estimates that about 25 percent of the new acreage it treated in 2014 was on conventional farms. Farm Fuel also claims that it is cost effective, with a per acre cost of $2,700 compared to $3,900 or more for methyl bromide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these efforts, most conventional growers will begin using other fumigants. In particular, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/alts.html\" target=\"_blank\">EPA recommends\u003c/a> as substitutes chloropicrin and 1,3-D, and combinations of the two with other chemicals. Neither is considered as effective as methyl bromide and both have negative \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/health/kids/farm/chap1.asp\" target=\"_blank\">health impacts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War I, leftover stockpiles of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750034.html\" target=\"_blank\">chloropicrin\u003c/a>—a weapon then nicknamed “vomiting gas”—were directed to agricultural use. Although its use is on the rise in the U.S., chloropicrin was \u003ca href=\"http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/guidance/industries/pesticides/topics/pesticide-approvals/eu/eu-reviews/Withdrawal-of-chloropicrin-products-from-the-market\" target=\"_blank\">phased out in Europe\u003c/a> in 2013 due to respiratory health effects. The other go-to fumigant is 1,3-D, a known carcinogen produced by Dow Chemical. The DPR outlawed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519572/\" target=\"_blank\">1,3-D\u003c/a> in 1990, but allowed it back on the market in 2004 with restrictions, anticipating its need in light of the phase-out of methyl bromide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/dprbios.htm\" target=\"_blank\">DPR Director Brian Leahy\u003c/a> believes that ASD shows promise and he says that the department is actively committed to helping California farmers find less toxic ways to tackle soilborne pests and reduce their use of chemical fumigants. Leahy, a former organic rice farmer, said in a recent email exchange: “It is no secret that the department has and continues to take a long hard look at fumigants to ensure they are used in a protective manner. DPR believes the right to farm does not mean the right to cause harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly but surely the fumigant tools are going away,” says the California Strawberry Commission’s O’Donnell. The Commission also received a grant from DPR to study ASD in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As O’Donnell sees it there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the pests that plague strawberry growers, but adding ASD to the toolbox is good for all farmers. “What is coming out of the research is essentially a cookbook full of recipes,” says O’Donnell. “‘If you have this soil type and these types of disease organisms, then these are the materials and methods you need to use,’ and so on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Donnell says that strawberry farmers are already in the habit of trying out new techniques on small sections of their fields—and that 20 percent of conventional growers also have organic operations. Plus, she says, “Anyone who’s working on strawberries—they’re all talking to each other.” CSC also hosts “field days” to help farmers connect to scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, O’Donnell is hesitant to embrace biological controls because she says it’s unclear whether they’ll be able to perform as consistently as fumigants over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What farmers need—or want—is another magic bullet. O’Donnell, whose organization represents approximately 400 farmers, points to the up-front investment strawberry farmers make, spending up to $20,000 per acre for the land, plants, fertilizer, etc. before they harvest a single berry. “If your crop peters out, you lose your investment—and sometimes your house or your business.” In other words, farmers have to be sure they’ll protect their investment or they won’t adopt new methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What About Organic?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some farmers have been growing strawberries for years without methyl bromide. Take \u003ca href=\"http://library.ucsc.edu/reg-hist/cultiv/cochran\" target=\"_blank\">Jim Cochran\u003c/a>, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.swantonberryfarm.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Swanton Berry Farm\u003c/a>, a 75-acre farm in Davenport, just north of Santa Cruz. Cochran is also the first farmer to grow organic strawberries in the state. He sits on the board of directors at Farm Fuel and is part of the company’s ASD trials along with seven other strawberry farms, in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"http://casfs.ucsc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems\u003c/a> at U.C. Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any strawberry farmer, Cochran is concerned with pests and diseases and he is interested in ASD. However, for over 30 years he has relied on traditional organic practices such as adding compost to his soil and crop rotations. Each field gets planted in strawberries just once every five or six years. During other years the fields are planted with crops like cauliflower or broccoli—which are modestly profitable—or the fields are fallow with cover crops like alfalfa. On the other hand, conventional growers who rely on chemical fumigants grow strawberries in the same field every other year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The multi-crop organic farm is vastly more complex than the single crop chemical strawberry farm. It requires much more management,” says Cochran. Crop rotation and organic methods are expensive and the yields are generally a little lower. “It’s not easy. What we’re up against is people who use chemicals and produce strawberries at $2.50 a basket and can still be quite profitable,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://library.ucsc.edu/reg-hist/cultiv/cantisano\" target=\"_blank\">Amigo Cantisano\u003c/a>, a leading organics advisor who helped found the \u003ca href=\"http://eco-farm.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Ecological Farming Association\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccof.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Certified Organic Farmers\u003c/a> (CCOF), says that ASD is “an increasingly viable alternative to methyl bromide, and that’s a good thing.” But he worries that fumigants allow farmers not to “deal with soil biologically in a holistic way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Cantisano sees it, controls—whether they are chemical or biological—allow farmers to forego building up the necessary \u003ca href=\"http://www.soilfoodweb.com/\" target=\"_blank\">soil foodweb\u003c/a>. And fungicides wipe out soil flora, which create resistance to the very pathogens methyl bromide is used to kill. “The lack of a long-term \u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/organic-farming1.htm\" target=\"_blank\">crop rotation\u003c/a> system eliminates the opportunity for the soil to cleanse itself biologically,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it’s not just conventional growers who rely on methyl bromide. While organic farmers do not use it in the fields, their \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/CUN2013/2013CUNStrawberryNursery.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">certified pest-free nursery “starts”\u003c/a> (baby plants) are grown in soil sterilized with methyl bromide, just like conventional growers. This is legal for certified organic farms, and the justification is that even one diseased start could ruin an entire crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Lisa Bunin, Organic Policy Director at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Food Safety\u003c/a> (CFS), “Both stages in the strawberry production process use enormous amounts of methyl bromide, and both represent critical junctures in the supply chain that need to figure out alternative production strategies.” According to a \u003ca href=\"https://beta.cironline.org/reports/even-organic-strawberries-are-grown-with-dangerous-pesticides/\" target=\"_blank\">recent in-depth report by the Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, CFS is leading a project to grow an experimental nursery crop of organic strawberry starts in Central California, and late last year, six organic farms planted those starts in soil for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Lies Ahead?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the DPR will clearly continue to allow—and indeed support—the use of chemical fumigants, Director Leahy is cognizant of the bigger picture. “In order to better understand pest control for any crop, California needs to better understand the soil ecosystem and how pests behave,” he says. “This requires a major public investment and dedicated research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, it’s likely that companies like \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmfuelinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Farm Fuel\u003c/a> will gradually make inroads into the market as they develop relationships with the many curious farmers willing to give ASD and other biological approaches a try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 1996–just a couple years after the Montreal Protocol’s phase-out went into effect–some individuals at the EPA were already talking about non-chemical approaches. In a \u003ca href=\"http://mbao.org/orgsber2.html\" target=\"_blank\">paper they released that year\u003c/a>, the officials wrote: “Organic strawberry production is an effective integrated approach that offers an alternative to methyl bromide use for California strawberries.” Sometimes we have to look back to look forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJillian Laurel Steinberger is on the case, always looking for a good story to write about plants, health, and food justice. Recent stories investigate the herbal economy, mushroom culture, Fibershed, drought tolerant edible gardening, and rethinking wheat. Her style is informed by whole systems thinking and pattern literacy à la Permaculture. She is a regular contributor to \u003cem>Edible East Bay\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Edible Monterey Bay\u003c/em>, and her work has appeared in \u003cem>BUST\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Bitch\u003c/em>, the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>, \u003cem>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/em>, and the \u003cem>Huffington Post\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How California's New Rules Are Scrambling The Egg Industry",
"title": "How California's New Rules Are Scrambling The Egg Industry",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/enriched-cage_custom-d0bd8668df5a4ff7e1d06e2d462ee7e0310f571b-e1419897443870.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/enriched-cage_custom-d0bd8668df5a4ff7e1d06e2d462ee7e0310f571b-e1419897443870.jpg\" alt=\"These "enriched cages" at the JS West farm in Atwater, Calif., comply with the state's new law. They are larger and allow chickens to perch and lay eggs in enclosed spaces. Photo: Jill Benson/AP\" width=\"1000\" height=\"641\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91686\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These \"enriched cages\" at the JS West farm in Atwater, Calif., comply with the state's new law. They are larger and allow chickens to perch and lay eggs in enclosed spaces. Photo: Jill Benson/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/12/20141229_atc_how_californias_new_egg_rules_are_shaking_up_the_egg_industry.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/12/29/373802858/how-californias-new-rules-are-scrambling-the-egg-industry\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/29/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within just a few days, on Jan. 1, all eggs sold in California will have to come from chickens that live in more spacious quarters — almost twice as spacious, in fact, as the cages that have been the industry standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been a shock to the egg industry, and to grocery stores. Eggs are one of those staples that any self-respecting grocery retailers absolutely, positively has to keep in stock. \"You have to have bread, milk, lettuce. You have to have eggs,\" says Ronald Fong, the president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cagrocers.com/\">California Grocers Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why, right now, California's grocers are doing whatever it takes to get their hands on eggs that are stamped with with a new, almost incomprehensible label: CA SEFS Compliant, which stands for California Shell Egg Food Safety Compliant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That stamp means that those eggs comply with a new regulation, the result of a voter initiative that passed with over 60 percent of the vote in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 2, as it's called, required eggs in California to come from chickens that have enough room to fully extend their limbs and turn around freely. It was a direct challenge to the egg industry, because most egg-laying chickens can't do that in standard hen houses where they live in small cages, five or ten birds to a cage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials had to figure out how to translate Prop. 2's requirement into specific regulations. California's state veterinarian, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/exec/public_affairs/cdfaexecstaffbios.html\">Dr. Annette Jones\u003c/a>, turned to animal welfare experts at the University of California, Davis. \"We actually did hire some scientists at UC Davis to do a study for us, to kind of give us their feel, based on some field trials that they did, of how much space\" the law required, Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, they decided that each chicken is legally entitled to at least 116 square inches of floor space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, as of January 1, most egg producers in the U.S. cannot sell eggs in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg producers have responded in several ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/img_5767_custom-00ee09e63229e2104bed0c2d9e1f9011db4e9049-e1419897523733.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/img_5767_custom-00ee09e63229e2104bed0c2d9e1f9011db4e9049-e1419897523733.jpg\" alt=\"Free-range chicken houses allow chickens to move around freely, but critics say birds are more frequently injured than in cages. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91687\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Free-range chicken houses allow chickens to move around freely, but critics say birds are more frequently injured than in cages. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some have tried to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/07/286811197/poultry-farmers-to-fight-back-on-california-cage-free-egg-law\">challenge\u003c/a> the California rules in court. So far, that's failed. Jones says that other egg producers have built new hen houses - either \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/06/27/195639341/what-the-rise-of-cage-free-eggs-means-for-chickens\">free-range\u003c/a> houses, where chickens can walk around on the floor, or houses with larger \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/01/26/145900751/ex-foes-stage-coop-detat-for-egg-laying-chickens\">enriched cages\u003c/a>\" with perches and enclosed hutches where chickens can lay their eggs. \"In general, poultry farmers are trying to move in that direction, to provide more space and the ability for their hens to exhibit more natural behaviors,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But building new barns takes time and costs a lot of money. Ronald Fong, from the California Grocers Association, says most egg producers so far have taken a simpler, cheaper route. \"They are complying with the new standards by reducing the flock size,\" he says. They've kept their cages for now, but they've cut the number of birds in each cage in half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means, of course, fewer chickens in each house and fewer eggs delivered to supermarkets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the egg industry say that this is one reason why the egg industry in California has gone into a sharp decline. According to government \u003ca href=\"http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1028\">statistics\u003c/a>, the number of egg-laying chickens in California has fallen by 23 percent over the past two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rest of the country, though, egg production is expanding, and egg brokers who supply the California market have been ringing up egg producers all across the country, offering high prices for eggs that meet California's new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fong says they're succeeding in lining up enough supplies. \"It is going to be business as usual come January 1,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's consumers, though, will pay. \"We can confirm that egg prices have gone up at least 35 percent. Some have reported going up 70 percent,\" Fong says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation may be more extreme in California, but egg prices are soaring in lots of places. Much of the increase is due simply to increased demand. People are just eating more eggs. In addition, Mexico is buying more U.S. eggs because disease in Mexico's chicken flocks has cut its domestic production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With prices so high, more egg producers are likely to expand, building new hen houses. And because of California's law, those houses are more likely to give chickens more room to spread their wings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/enriched-cage_custom-d0bd8668df5a4ff7e1d06e2d462ee7e0310f571b-e1419897443870.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/enriched-cage_custom-d0bd8668df5a4ff7e1d06e2d462ee7e0310f571b-e1419897443870.jpg\" alt=\"These "enriched cages" at the JS West farm in Atwater, Calif., comply with the state's new law. They are larger and allow chickens to perch and lay eggs in enclosed spaces. Photo: Jill Benson/AP\" width=\"1000\" height=\"641\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91686\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These \"enriched cages\" at the JS West farm in Atwater, Calif., comply with the state's new law. They are larger and allow chickens to perch and lay eggs in enclosed spaces. Photo: Jill Benson/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listen to the Story on All Things Considered:\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/12/20141229_atc_how_californias_new_egg_rules_are_shaking_up_the_egg_industry.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/12/29/373802858/how-californias-new-rules-are-scrambling-the-egg-industry\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/29/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within just a few days, on Jan. 1, all eggs sold in California will have to come from chickens that live in more spacious quarters — almost twice as spacious, in fact, as the cages that have been the industry standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been a shock to the egg industry, and to grocery stores. Eggs are one of those staples that any self-respecting grocery retailers absolutely, positively has to keep in stock. \"You have to have bread, milk, lettuce. You have to have eggs,\" says Ronald Fong, the president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cagrocers.com/\">California Grocers Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why, right now, California's grocers are doing whatever it takes to get their hands on eggs that are stamped with with a new, almost incomprehensible label: CA SEFS Compliant, which stands for California Shell Egg Food Safety Compliant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That stamp means that those eggs comply with a new regulation, the result of a voter initiative that passed with over 60 percent of the vote in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 2, as it's called, required eggs in California to come from chickens that have enough room to fully extend their limbs and turn around freely. It was a direct challenge to the egg industry, because most egg-laying chickens can't do that in standard hen houses where they live in small cages, five or ten birds to a cage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials had to figure out how to translate Prop. 2's requirement into specific regulations. California's state veterinarian, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/exec/public_affairs/cdfaexecstaffbios.html\">Dr. Annette Jones\u003c/a>, turned to animal welfare experts at the University of California, Davis. \"We actually did hire some scientists at UC Davis to do a study for us, to kind of give us their feel, based on some field trials that they did, of how much space\" the law required, Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, they decided that each chicken is legally entitled to at least 116 square inches of floor space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, as of January 1, most egg producers in the U.S. cannot sell eggs in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg producers have responded in several ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/img_5767_custom-00ee09e63229e2104bed0c2d9e1f9011db4e9049-e1419897523733.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/img_5767_custom-00ee09e63229e2104bed0c2d9e1f9011db4e9049-e1419897523733.jpg\" alt=\"Free-range chicken houses allow chickens to move around freely, but critics say birds are more frequently injured than in cages. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1000\" height=\"666\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91687\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Free-range chicken houses allow chickens to move around freely, but critics say birds are more frequently injured than in cages. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some have tried to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/07/286811197/poultry-farmers-to-fight-back-on-california-cage-free-egg-law\">challenge\u003c/a> the California rules in court. So far, that's failed. Jones says that other egg producers have built new hen houses - either \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/06/27/195639341/what-the-rise-of-cage-free-eggs-means-for-chickens\">free-range\u003c/a> houses, where chickens can walk around on the floor, or houses with larger \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/01/26/145900751/ex-foes-stage-coop-detat-for-egg-laying-chickens\">enriched cages\u003c/a>\" with perches and enclosed hutches where chickens can lay their eggs. \"In general, poultry farmers are trying to move in that direction, to provide more space and the ability for their hens to exhibit more natural behaviors,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But building new barns takes time and costs a lot of money. Ronald Fong, from the California Grocers Association, says most egg producers so far have taken a simpler, cheaper route. \"They are complying with the new standards by reducing the flock size,\" he says. They've kept their cages for now, but they've cut the number of birds in each cage in half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means, of course, fewer chickens in each house and fewer eggs delivered to supermarkets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the egg industry say that this is one reason why the egg industry in California has gone into a sharp decline. According to government \u003ca href=\"http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1028\">statistics\u003c/a>, the number of egg-laying chickens in California has fallen by 23 percent over the past two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rest of the country, though, egg production is expanding, and egg brokers who supply the California market have been ringing up egg producers all across the country, offering high prices for eggs that meet California's new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fong says they're succeeding in lining up enough supplies. \"It is going to be business as usual come January 1,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's consumers, though, will pay. \"We can confirm that egg prices have gone up at least 35 percent. Some have reported going up 70 percent,\" Fong says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation may be more extreme in California, but egg prices are soaring in lots of places. Much of the increase is due simply to increased demand. People are just eating more eggs. In addition, Mexico is buying more U.S. eggs because disease in Mexico's chicken flocks has cut its domestic production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With prices so high, more egg producers are likely to expand, building new hen houses. And because of California's law, those houses are more likely to give chickens more room to spread their wings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Inside The Indiana Megadairy Making Coca-Cola's New Milk",
"title": "Inside The Indiana Megadairy Making Coca-Cola's New Milk",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91546\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/dairyland-1_enl-b7101bd19b7d9893f7413fd78231894ff31b18f9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/dairyland-1_enl-b7101bd19b7d9893f7413fd78231894ff31b18f9.jpg\" alt=\"Cows rotate in the milking parlor at Fair Oaks Farms, a large-scale dairy and tourist attraction, near Rensselaer, Ind. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR \" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91546\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows rotate in the milking parlor at Fair Oaks Farms, a large-scale dairy and tourist attraction, near Rensselaer, Ind. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/12/20141225_me_inside_the_indiana_megadairy_making_coca-colas_new_milk.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/12/25/372664332/inside-the-indiana-megadairy-making-coca-colas-new-milk\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/25/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coca-Cola got a lot of attention in November when it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/11/26/366851927/coca-cola-wades-into-milk-business-with-fairlife\">announced\u003c/a> that it was going into the milk business. Not just any milk, mind you: nutritious, reformulated supermilk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also invited ridicule. \"It's like they got Frankenstein to lactate,\" \u003ca href=\"http://thecolbertreport.cc.com/videos/ziipwv/thought-for-food---fairlife-milk---pizza-hut-s-subconscious-menu\">scoffed\u003c/a> Stephen Colbert on his show. \"If this product doesn't work out, they can always re-introduce Milk Classic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the idea for New Milk didn't come from Coca-Cola at all. It emerged from a huge, high-tech dairy farm in Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91547\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/fairlife-1_enl-41c8de46f0b3eea1f619637b8787205bbd919e58-e1419624869530.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/fairlife-1_enl-41c8de46f0b3eea1f619637b8787205bbd919e58-e1419624869530.jpg\" alt=\"Fairlife milk, shown here on sale in Minneapolis, Minn., in April, is a partnership between Coca-Cola and Select Milk Producers, a dairy cooperative that owns Fair Oaks Farms. Photo: Courtesy of Alice Seuffert \" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91547\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fairlife milk, shown here on sale in Minneapolis, Minn., in April, is a partnership between Coca-Cola and Select Milk Producers, a dairy cooperative that owns Fair Oaks Farms. Photo: Courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://diningwithalice.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Alice Seuffert\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That dairy, called \u003ca href=\"http://fofarms.com/\">Fair Oaks Farms\u003c/a>, doubles as America's one and only dairy theme park, a bit of Americana that interrupts a monotonous stretch of Interstate 65 between Chicago and Indianapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It grabs the attention of drivers with a series of tank trucks parked broadside like billboards in fields beside the highway. Painted on the tanks are cryptic messages: \"We Dairy You To Exit 200.\" Then: \"We Double Dairy You.\" The final tank truck has two huge fiberglass cows mounted on top of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pitch may be goofy, but the farm is serious business. It's one of the biggest and most sophisticated dairies in the country, and it is home to 37,000 cows, divided among 11 different milking operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/dairyland-2_enl-b1246a12d0f4892c1588d908bb44c125ff4cccb7-e1419624883437.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/dairyland-2_enl-b1246a12d0f4892c1588d908bb44c125ff4cccb7-e1419624883437.jpg\" alt=\"The amphitheater where visitors can watch cows give birth. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR \" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91548\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The amphitheater where visitors can watch cows give birth. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The visitors center offers a cheerful picture of milk production. The most startling touch: a small amphitheater where visitors can watch, through a floor-to-ceiling glass wall, as cows give birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then it's off to the working part of the farm aboard a small bus. The bus rolls right down the middle of a barn that's almost 500 yards long, past about 1,000 cows that are eating, standing around, and lying in stalls on beds of sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a stop at the \"milking parlor,\" where visitors watch from a balcony as cows, one by one, step onto an enormous rotating turntable to be milked. Sensors identify each cow, and computers record how much milk she's producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Take a look! They're calm, cool and collected, exactly the way the farmers want them to be,\" says my tour guide, Terry Tracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the frontier of dairying. In fact, the people who run this place are so ambitious, they're ready to change milk itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coca-Cola is now a partner in this venture, but the idea began years ago, when two of the founders of Fair Oaks, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31R7V4-Cr5w\">Mike and Sue McCloskey\u003c/a>, were running a big dairy operation in New Mexico. They ran into a problem with bad water, and had to buy some expensive membranes to filter out impurities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91549\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/sue_enl-562a66e2e24af44e54e993313cc014de090eb40a-e1419624896456.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/sue_enl-562a66e2e24af44e54e993313cc014de090eb40a-290x193.jpg\" alt=\"Sue McCloskey co-founded Fair Oaks Farms with her husband, Mike. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR \" width=\"290\" height=\"193\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91549\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sue McCloskey co-founded Fair Oaks Farms with her husband, Mike. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sue McCloskey says they started thinking about what those filters might accomplish with milk: \"Is there something else we can do with this milk that will give it a premium value that we're not thinking about?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They realized that the filters could separate raw milk into its different parts, such as protein, lactose, minerals and water. Perhaps they could put those parts back together in different proportions, altering milk's time-honored recipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember sitting down with Mike, and we were talking about this,\" McCloskey says. \"And I told him, 'Listen, if you could make a milk for me, as a woman, where I could get all of my calcium and a bunch of my protein in one glass or serving — holy mackerel, that would be the most awesome thing!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They did, in fact, create a kind of milk with extra protein and calcium but no lactose. The H-E-B supermarket chain in Texas sells it as \u003ca href=\"http://www.heb.com/page/healthy-primo-picks/heb-mooptopia\">Mootopia\u003c/a>. It tastes like a slightly thicker, richer version of milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the idea is going national, propelled by the immense marketing and logistical muscle of Coca-Cola. The beverage giant has joined forces with Fair Oaks Farms and Select Milk Producers, the cooperative that the McCloskeys founded in 1994. They created a venture called \u003ca href=\"http://fairlife.com/\">Fairlife\u003c/a> to produce a new line of milk-derived beverages. The first product, which is similar to Mootopia, will arrive in the dairy sections of supermarkets in January. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Coca-Cola got a lot of attention in November when it announced it was going into the milk business. In fact, its extra-nutritious milk product was invented by some dairy farmers in Indiana.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91546\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/dairyland-1_enl-b7101bd19b7d9893f7413fd78231894ff31b18f9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/dairyland-1_enl-b7101bd19b7d9893f7413fd78231894ff31b18f9.jpg\" alt=\"Cows rotate in the milking parlor at Fair Oaks Farms, a large-scale dairy and tourist attraction, near Rensselaer, Ind. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR \" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91546\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows rotate in the milking parlor at Fair Oaks Farms, a large-scale dairy and tourist attraction, near Rensselaer, Ind. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/12/20141225_me_inside_the_indiana_megadairy_making_coca-colas_new_milk.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/12/25/372664332/inside-the-indiana-megadairy-making-coca-colas-new-milk\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/25/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coca-Cola got a lot of attention in November when it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/11/26/366851927/coca-cola-wades-into-milk-business-with-fairlife\">announced\u003c/a> that it was going into the milk business. Not just any milk, mind you: nutritious, reformulated supermilk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also invited ridicule. \"It's like they got Frankenstein to lactate,\" \u003ca href=\"http://thecolbertreport.cc.com/videos/ziipwv/thought-for-food---fairlife-milk---pizza-hut-s-subconscious-menu\">scoffed\u003c/a> Stephen Colbert on his show. \"If this product doesn't work out, they can always re-introduce Milk Classic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the idea for New Milk didn't come from Coca-Cola at all. It emerged from a huge, high-tech dairy farm in Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91547\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/fairlife-1_enl-41c8de46f0b3eea1f619637b8787205bbd919e58-e1419624869530.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/fairlife-1_enl-41c8de46f0b3eea1f619637b8787205bbd919e58-e1419624869530.jpg\" alt=\"Fairlife milk, shown here on sale in Minneapolis, Minn., in April, is a partnership between Coca-Cola and Select Milk Producers, a dairy cooperative that owns Fair Oaks Farms. Photo: Courtesy of Alice Seuffert \" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91547\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fairlife milk, shown here on sale in Minneapolis, Minn., in April, is a partnership between Coca-Cola and Select Milk Producers, a dairy cooperative that owns Fair Oaks Farms. Photo: Courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://diningwithalice.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Alice Seuffert\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That dairy, called \u003ca href=\"http://fofarms.com/\">Fair Oaks Farms\u003c/a>, doubles as America's one and only dairy theme park, a bit of Americana that interrupts a monotonous stretch of Interstate 65 between Chicago and Indianapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It grabs the attention of drivers with a series of tank trucks parked broadside like billboards in fields beside the highway. Painted on the tanks are cryptic messages: \"We Dairy You To Exit 200.\" Then: \"We Double Dairy You.\" The final tank truck has two huge fiberglass cows mounted on top of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pitch may be goofy, but the farm is serious business. It's one of the biggest and most sophisticated dairies in the country, and it is home to 37,000 cows, divided among 11 different milking operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/dairyland-2_enl-b1246a12d0f4892c1588d908bb44c125ff4cccb7-e1419624883437.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/dairyland-2_enl-b1246a12d0f4892c1588d908bb44c125ff4cccb7-e1419624883437.jpg\" alt=\"The amphitheater where visitors can watch cows give birth. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR \" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91548\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The amphitheater where visitors can watch cows give birth. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The visitors center offers a cheerful picture of milk production. The most startling touch: a small amphitheater where visitors can watch, through a floor-to-ceiling glass wall, as cows give birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then it's off to the working part of the farm aboard a small bus. The bus rolls right down the middle of a barn that's almost 500 yards long, past about 1,000 cows that are eating, standing around, and lying in stalls on beds of sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a stop at the \"milking parlor,\" where visitors watch from a balcony as cows, one by one, step onto an enormous rotating turntable to be milked. Sensors identify each cow, and computers record how much milk she's producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Take a look! They're calm, cool and collected, exactly the way the farmers want them to be,\" says my tour guide, Terry Tracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the frontier of dairying. In fact, the people who run this place are so ambitious, they're ready to change milk itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coca-Cola is now a partner in this venture, but the idea began years ago, when two of the founders of Fair Oaks, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31R7V4-Cr5w\">Mike and Sue McCloskey\u003c/a>, were running a big dairy operation in New Mexico. They ran into a problem with bad water, and had to buy some expensive membranes to filter out impurities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91549\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/sue_enl-562a66e2e24af44e54e993313cc014de090eb40a-e1419624896456.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/sue_enl-562a66e2e24af44e54e993313cc014de090eb40a-290x193.jpg\" alt=\"Sue McCloskey co-founded Fair Oaks Farms with her husband, Mike. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR \" width=\"290\" height=\"193\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91549\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sue McCloskey co-founded Fair Oaks Farms with her husband, Mike. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sue McCloskey says they started thinking about what those filters might accomplish with milk: \"Is there something else we can do with this milk that will give it a premium value that we're not thinking about?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They realized that the filters could separate raw milk into its different parts, such as protein, lactose, minerals and water. Perhaps they could put those parts back together in different proportions, altering milk's time-honored recipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember sitting down with Mike, and we were talking about this,\" McCloskey says. \"And I told him, 'Listen, if you could make a milk for me, as a woman, where I could get all of my calcium and a bunch of my protein in one glass or serving — holy mackerel, that would be the most awesome thing!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They did, in fact, create a kind of milk with extra protein and calcium but no lactose. The H-E-B supermarket chain in Texas sells it as \u003ca href=\"http://www.heb.com/page/healthy-primo-picks/heb-mooptopia\">Mootopia\u003c/a>. It tastes like a slightly thicker, richer version of milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the idea is going national, propelled by the immense marketing and logistical muscle of Coca-Cola. The beverage giant has joined forces with Fair Oaks Farms and Select Milk Producers, the cooperative that the McCloskeys founded in 1994. They created a venture called \u003ca href=\"http://fairlife.com/\">Fairlife\u003c/a> to produce a new line of milk-derived beverages. The first product, which is similar to Mootopia, will arrive in the dairy sections of supermarkets in January. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Farm Fresh? Natural? Eggs Not Always What They're Cracked Up To Be",
"title": "Farm Fresh? Natural? Eggs Not Always What They're Cracked Up To Be",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91423\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/eggs.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/eggs.jpg\" alt=\"Free-range eggs from Pennypack Farm in Pennsylvania. Photo: Christopher Paquette/Flickr \" width=\"700\" height=\"411\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91423\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Free-range eggs from Pennypack Farm in Pennsylvania. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/chpaquette/3541346092\" target=\"_blank\">Christopher Paquette/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/348740555/anders-kelto\" target=\"_blank\">Anders Kelto\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/12/23/370377902/farm-fresh-natural-eggs-not-always-what-they-re-cracked-up-to-be\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/23/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're in the supermarket gathering ingredients for eggnog and a Christmas Bundt cake, and you're staring at a wall of egg cartons. They're plastered with terms that all sound pretty wonderful: All-Natural, Cage-Free, Free-Range, Farm Fresh, Organic, No Hormones, Omega-3 and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet the longer you stare at them, the more confused you become. You are tired and hungry, so you just grab the cheapest one – or the one with the most adorable chicken illustration – and head for the checkout line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what I've been doing ever since I moved back to U.S. five months ago after four years abroad. Then I finally cracked. It was time to figure out what all this egg jargon actually means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the result. Consider it a glossary for the wannabe informed egg buyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farm Fresh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Your friendly local farmer rises at dawn to harvest a dozen (still warm) eggs, and puts them into this egg carton, which is rushed to your local store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>\"It literally means nothing,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/about/leadership/executive_staff/paul_shapiro.html\">Paul Shapiro\u003c/a>, vice president of the Humane Society of the U.S., and an expert on commercial egg production. He says the term is probably meant to conjure up a favorable image in the consumer's mind, but it has no substance whatsoever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All Natural\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens eating a \"natural\" diet and doing what chickens, you know, naturally do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>Once again, this phrase has no real meaning. Shapiro says it's an ironic term, too, \"because [conventional chickens] are raised in the least natural conditions imaginable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK, let's pause for a minute. How exactly \u003cem>are\u003c/em> most eggs in the U.S. produced?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.sustainableeggcoalition.org/research\" target=\"_blank\">Coalition for Sustainable Egg Supply,\u003c/a> a group that includes commercial egg producers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and several universities, 95 percent of eggs in the U.S. come from chickens raised in something called battery cages. These cages house anywhere from four to 12 birds, giving each bird roughly 67 square inches of floor space (that's about the size of an iPad).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come Jan. 1, 2015, though, eggs sold in California will have to come from chickens enjoying at least 116 square inches of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cages are stacked in long rows, inside massive barns that usually house tens of thousands of birds. They're typically fed a mixture of corn and feed made from animal byproducts. Watch a video of one such facility:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube //www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThLEXBV6HW8]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial egg producers note that this method of production is safe and economical. It's what keeps egg prices down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many animal welfare advocates believe these battery cage facilities are inhumane. \"The birds never go outside, are unable to spread their wings, and are essentially immobilized for their entire lives,\" says Shapiro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethics aside, this is by far the most common method of egg production. So unless a label tells you otherwise, you can assume this is what you're buying – even if it's labeled \"Farm Fresh\" or \"All Natural.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cage-Free\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/cage-free-eggs_enl-95148fe1292f34b31ff12caf4efab295d73d65e6-e1419355087426.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/cage-free-eggs_enl-95148fe1292f34b31ff12caf4efab295d73d65e6-e1419355087426.jpg\" alt=\"Cage-free eggs for sale in 2008 in Knoxville, Tenn. Photo: Joel Kramer/Flickr\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91419\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cage-free eggs for sale in 2008 in Knoxville, Tenn. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/75001512@N00/2480673724/in/photolist-4Md6SC-8SaHPb-5ZJuBd-5ZJvqC-5ZEhH8-5ZEhvZ-5ZEhhz-5ZJuqL-6u8XJm-a242Fq-6FPuZ-8d7f4s-5zenda-g1KQ9p-g1KZ7p-g1KHa3-5ZEgFc-8u1KXR-8d7fkN-7yBmhb\" target=\"_blank\">Joel Kramer/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens happily wandering around a big red barn, pecking at corn kernels on a hay-covered floor — like the feeding farm I used to visit with my grandma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>Exactly what it sounds like: The hens don't live in cages. But they don't live in bucolic red barns, either. They usually live in aviaries: massive industrial barns that house thousands of birds. Each bird has, on average, one square foot of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro and other animal welfare advocates believe cage-free birds are better off than their caged counterparts. \"They're not exactly living on Old McDonald's farm, but they're able to walk around, perch, lay their eggs in a nest and spread their wings – all important natural behaviors,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the science around the health of cage-free birds is less clear. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ans.msu.edu/people/dr_janice_swanson\" target=\"_blank\">Janice Swanson\u003c/a>, an animal scientist at Michigan State University, has been leading a three-year \u003ca href=\"http://www2.sustainableeggcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> of egg production techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says cage-free birds have more feathers and stronger bones and exhibit more natural behaviors. But crowded aviaries also come with risks: reduced air quality, and twice the likelihood of dying. Over the course of their three-year study, less than 5 percent of birds in cages died, compared to more than 11 percent of cage-free birds. One of the most common causes of death was pecking by other chickens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Hormones\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What you might think it means: \u003c/em>These birds were spared injections of nasty hormones that might cause them to sprout hair in unusual places and render them unhealthy for us to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means\u003c/em>: This term is rather misleading, because it's illegal to give hormones to poultry, and no large-scale farms in the U.S. do so. It's like putting a label on a cereal box that says, \"No toxic waste.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Antibiotics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>These birds don't need antibiotics because they are healthy and clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>Once again, this is a somewhat misleading term, because antibiotics are rarely used in the egg industry, says Shapiro. Chickens that are raised for their meat, on the other hand, do commonly get antibiotics to fend off disease and increase animal growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Free-Range\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Hens playfully strolling and tumbling down green hills, home on the range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>Free-range means cage-free plus \"access to the outdoors.\" But as Mark Kastel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cornucopia.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Cornucopia Institute\u003c/a> notes, this \"access\" typically means a few small doors that lead to a screened-in porch with cement, dirt, or a modicum of grass. And often, Kastel says, industrial fans that suck ammonia out of the building create \"hurricane winds\" through the small doorways, \"and the birds don't really want to walk through that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kastel claims the vast majority of free-range birds in commercial egg facilities never actually go outside. So in most cases, he says, free-range means the same thing as cage-free. Unlike poultry production, there's also no government oversight of the term \"free range\" when it comes to eggs, so companies can more or less interpret it as they see fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vegetarian Diet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens enjoying a salad bar of grass, herbs, Brussels sprouts and kale – you know, their natural diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>This is perhaps the most confusing claim because chickens are not vegetarian. They're omnivores that, in the wild, get most of their protein from worms, grasshoppers and other insects. Hens that are fed a \"vegetarian diet\" are probably eating corn fortified with amino acids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Omega-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91420\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/omega-3-7e962e8e57d19662ccebca9fb38d4fc4192b567c-e1419355358593.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/omega-3-7e962e8e57d19662ccebca9fb38d4fc4192b567c-e1419355358593.jpg\" alt=\"Eggs labeled as organic and omega-3 for sale under the Fresh & Easy store brand on Oct. 14, 2014. Photo: SITS Girls/Flickr \" width=\"1000\" height=\"749\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91420\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eggs labeled as organic and omega-3 for sale under the Fresh & Easy store brand on Oct. 14, 2014. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/sitsgirls/15516345256\" target=\"_blank\">SITS Girls/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>The hens are fed a healthier diet, which leads to eggs rich in omega-3 acids, which make me smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>The hens are probably given a bit of flax seed mixed in with their corn feed, possibly leading to higher levels of omega-3s in their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Organic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens with hemp bracelets and yoga pants change the sign on their coop from \"Chicken Coop\" to \"Chicken Co-op,\" then begin composting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>\"Organic\" actually means something very specific, and egg producers who use it are subject to USDA regulation. Organic eggs must come from chickens that are free-range (cage-free plus access to the outdoors), fed organic feed (no synthetic pesticides) and receive no hormones or antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as was the case with \"free-range\" eggs, Kastel says \"organic\" eggs are usually coming from birds that live in crowded, industrial aviaries. His organization has created an \u003ca href=\"http://www.cornucopia.org/organic-egg-scorecard/\" target=\"_blank\">egg scorecard\u003c/a> that rates organic egg farms on a much wider variety of factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pasture-Raised\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91430\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/pasture-raised.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/pasture-raised.jpg\" alt=\"Shelly's Farm Fresh of Brentwood, Calif., sells pasture-raised eggs at farmers markets. Photo: CUESA/Flickr \" width=\"700\" height=\"524\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91430\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shelly's Farm Fresh of Brentwood, Calif., sells pasture-raised eggs at farmers markets. Photo: CUESA/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens dashing between the legs of friendly cows and sheep on a sprawling pasture of peace and harmony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>In terms of replicating chickens' natural environment and way of life, pasture-raised is pretty much the gold standard. Pasture-raised birds spend most of their life outdoors, with a fair amount of space plus access to a barn. Many are able to eat a diet of worms, insects and grass, along with corn feed (which may or may not be organic).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Kastel says there is a wide range of \"pasture-raised\" farms. Some have spacious fields; others are a bit crowded (some farms list the square footage per bird on their carton.) Some farms rotate their birds through different pastures to ensure a rich, varied diet; others keep the birds on the same plot of land. Some have trees and bushes, which he says chickens prefer; others are flat, wide-open fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Certified Humane / Animal Welfare Approved\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>The animals on these farms are treated humanely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>What constitutes \"humane\" treatment is subjective – and a topic of much debate. But the third-party auditing organizations \u003ca href=\"http://certifiedhumane.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Certified Humane\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://animalwelfareapproved.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Animal Welfare Approved\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.humaneheartland.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Humane Certified\u003c/a> assess egg farms according to a robust set of animal welfare guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, where can I buy eggs with these labels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cage-free: Most grocery stores. Growing consumer demand has led to wider availability in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free-range, organic and pasture-raised: Many grocery stores, local food co-ops, farmers markets and community-supported agriculture programs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91423\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/eggs.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/eggs.jpg\" alt=\"Free-range eggs from Pennypack Farm in Pennsylvania. Photo: Christopher Paquette/Flickr \" width=\"700\" height=\"411\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91423\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Free-range eggs from Pennypack Farm in Pennsylvania. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/chpaquette/3541346092\" target=\"_blank\">Christopher Paquette/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/348740555/anders-kelto\" target=\"_blank\">Anders Kelto\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/12/23/370377902/farm-fresh-natural-eggs-not-always-what-they-re-cracked-up-to-be\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/23/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're in the supermarket gathering ingredients for eggnog and a Christmas Bundt cake, and you're staring at a wall of egg cartons. They're plastered with terms that all sound pretty wonderful: All-Natural, Cage-Free, Free-Range, Farm Fresh, Organic, No Hormones, Omega-3 and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet the longer you stare at them, the more confused you become. You are tired and hungry, so you just grab the cheapest one – or the one with the most adorable chicken illustration – and head for the checkout line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what I've been doing ever since I moved back to U.S. five months ago after four years abroad. Then I finally cracked. It was time to figure out what all this egg jargon actually means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the result. Consider it a glossary for the wannabe informed egg buyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farm Fresh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Your friendly local farmer rises at dawn to harvest a dozen (still warm) eggs, and puts them into this egg carton, which is rushed to your local store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>\"It literally means nothing,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/about/leadership/executive_staff/paul_shapiro.html\">Paul Shapiro\u003c/a>, vice president of the Humane Society of the U.S., and an expert on commercial egg production. He says the term is probably meant to conjure up a favorable image in the consumer's mind, but it has no substance whatsoever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All Natural\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens eating a \"natural\" diet and doing what chickens, you know, naturally do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>Once again, this phrase has no real meaning. Shapiro says it's an ironic term, too, \"because [conventional chickens] are raised in the least natural conditions imaginable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK, let's pause for a minute. How exactly \u003cem>are\u003c/em> most eggs in the U.S. produced?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.sustainableeggcoalition.org/research\" target=\"_blank\">Coalition for Sustainable Egg Supply,\u003c/a> a group that includes commercial egg producers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and several universities, 95 percent of eggs in the U.S. come from chickens raised in something called battery cages. These cages house anywhere from four to 12 birds, giving each bird roughly 67 square inches of floor space (that's about the size of an iPad).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come Jan. 1, 2015, though, eggs sold in California will have to come from chickens enjoying at least 116 square inches of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cages are stacked in long rows, inside massive barns that usually house tens of thousands of birds. They're typically fed a mixture of corn and feed made from animal byproducts. Watch a video of one such facility:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ThLEXBV6HW8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ThLEXBV6HW8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial egg producers note that this method of production is safe and economical. It's what keeps egg prices down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many animal welfare advocates believe these battery cage facilities are inhumane. \"The birds never go outside, are unable to spread their wings, and are essentially immobilized for their entire lives,\" says Shapiro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethics aside, this is by far the most common method of egg production. So unless a label tells you otherwise, you can assume this is what you're buying – even if it's labeled \"Farm Fresh\" or \"All Natural.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cage-Free\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/cage-free-eggs_enl-95148fe1292f34b31ff12caf4efab295d73d65e6-e1419355087426.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/cage-free-eggs_enl-95148fe1292f34b31ff12caf4efab295d73d65e6-e1419355087426.jpg\" alt=\"Cage-free eggs for sale in 2008 in Knoxville, Tenn. Photo: Joel Kramer/Flickr\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91419\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cage-free eggs for sale in 2008 in Knoxville, Tenn. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/75001512@N00/2480673724/in/photolist-4Md6SC-8SaHPb-5ZJuBd-5ZJvqC-5ZEhH8-5ZEhvZ-5ZEhhz-5ZJuqL-6u8XJm-a242Fq-6FPuZ-8d7f4s-5zenda-g1KQ9p-g1KZ7p-g1KHa3-5ZEgFc-8u1KXR-8d7fkN-7yBmhb\" target=\"_blank\">Joel Kramer/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens happily wandering around a big red barn, pecking at corn kernels on a hay-covered floor — like the feeding farm I used to visit with my grandma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>Exactly what it sounds like: The hens don't live in cages. But they don't live in bucolic red barns, either. They usually live in aviaries: massive industrial barns that house thousands of birds. Each bird has, on average, one square foot of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro and other animal welfare advocates believe cage-free birds are better off than their caged counterparts. \"They're not exactly living on Old McDonald's farm, but they're able to walk around, perch, lay their eggs in a nest and spread their wings – all important natural behaviors,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the science around the health of cage-free birds is less clear. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ans.msu.edu/people/dr_janice_swanson\" target=\"_blank\">Janice Swanson\u003c/a>, an animal scientist at Michigan State University, has been leading a three-year \u003ca href=\"http://www2.sustainableeggcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> of egg production techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says cage-free birds have more feathers and stronger bones and exhibit more natural behaviors. But crowded aviaries also come with risks: reduced air quality, and twice the likelihood of dying. Over the course of their three-year study, less than 5 percent of birds in cages died, compared to more than 11 percent of cage-free birds. One of the most common causes of death was pecking by other chickens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Hormones\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What you might think it means: \u003c/em>These birds were spared injections of nasty hormones that might cause them to sprout hair in unusual places and render them unhealthy for us to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means\u003c/em>: This term is rather misleading, because it's illegal to give hormones to poultry, and no large-scale farms in the U.S. do so. It's like putting a label on a cereal box that says, \"No toxic waste.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Antibiotics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>These birds don't need antibiotics because they are healthy and clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>Once again, this is a somewhat misleading term, because antibiotics are rarely used in the egg industry, says Shapiro. Chickens that are raised for their meat, on the other hand, do commonly get antibiotics to fend off disease and increase animal growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Free-Range\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Hens playfully strolling and tumbling down green hills, home on the range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>Free-range means cage-free plus \"access to the outdoors.\" But as Mark Kastel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cornucopia.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Cornucopia Institute\u003c/a> notes, this \"access\" typically means a few small doors that lead to a screened-in porch with cement, dirt, or a modicum of grass. And often, Kastel says, industrial fans that suck ammonia out of the building create \"hurricane winds\" through the small doorways, \"and the birds don't really want to walk through that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kastel claims the vast majority of free-range birds in commercial egg facilities never actually go outside. So in most cases, he says, free-range means the same thing as cage-free. Unlike poultry production, there's also no government oversight of the term \"free range\" when it comes to eggs, so companies can more or less interpret it as they see fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vegetarian Diet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens enjoying a salad bar of grass, herbs, Brussels sprouts and kale – you know, their natural diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>This is perhaps the most confusing claim because chickens are not vegetarian. They're omnivores that, in the wild, get most of their protein from worms, grasshoppers and other insects. Hens that are fed a \"vegetarian diet\" are probably eating corn fortified with amino acids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Omega-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91420\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/omega-3-7e962e8e57d19662ccebca9fb38d4fc4192b567c-e1419355358593.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/omega-3-7e962e8e57d19662ccebca9fb38d4fc4192b567c-e1419355358593.jpg\" alt=\"Eggs labeled as organic and omega-3 for sale under the Fresh & Easy store brand on Oct. 14, 2014. Photo: SITS Girls/Flickr \" width=\"1000\" height=\"749\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91420\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eggs labeled as organic and omega-3 for sale under the Fresh & Easy store brand on Oct. 14, 2014. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/sitsgirls/15516345256\" target=\"_blank\">SITS Girls/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>The hens are fed a healthier diet, which leads to eggs rich in omega-3 acids, which make me smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>The hens are probably given a bit of flax seed mixed in with their corn feed, possibly leading to higher levels of omega-3s in their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Organic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens with hemp bracelets and yoga pants change the sign on their coop from \"Chicken Coop\" to \"Chicken Co-op,\" then begin composting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>\"Organic\" actually means something very specific, and egg producers who use it are subject to USDA regulation. Organic eggs must come from chickens that are free-range (cage-free plus access to the outdoors), fed organic feed (no synthetic pesticides) and receive no hormones or antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as was the case with \"free-range\" eggs, Kastel says \"organic\" eggs are usually coming from birds that live in crowded, industrial aviaries. His organization has created an \u003ca href=\"http://www.cornucopia.org/organic-egg-scorecard/\" target=\"_blank\">egg scorecard\u003c/a> that rates organic egg farms on a much wider variety of factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pasture-Raised\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91430\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/pasture-raised.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/pasture-raised.jpg\" alt=\"Shelly's Farm Fresh of Brentwood, Calif., sells pasture-raised eggs at farmers markets. Photo: CUESA/Flickr \" width=\"700\" height=\"524\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91430\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shelly's Farm Fresh of Brentwood, Calif., sells pasture-raised eggs at farmers markets. Photo: CUESA/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>Chickens dashing between the legs of friendly cows and sheep on a sprawling pasture of peace and harmony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>In terms of replicating chickens' natural environment and way of life, pasture-raised is pretty much the gold standard. Pasture-raised birds spend most of their life outdoors, with a fair amount of space plus access to a barn. Many are able to eat a diet of worms, insects and grass, along with corn feed (which may or may not be organic).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Kastel says there is a wide range of \"pasture-raised\" farms. Some have spacious fields; others are a bit crowded (some farms list the square footage per bird on their carton.) Some farms rotate their birds through different pastures to ensure a rich, varied diet; others keep the birds on the same plot of land. Some have trees and bushes, which he says chickens prefer; others are flat, wide-open fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Certified Humane / Animal Welfare Approved\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What You Might Think It Means: \u003c/em>The animals on these farms are treated humanely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What It Actually Means: \u003c/em>What constitutes \"humane\" treatment is subjective – and a topic of much debate. But the third-party auditing organizations \u003ca href=\"http://certifiedhumane.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Certified Humane\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://animalwelfareapproved.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Animal Welfare Approved\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.humaneheartland.org/\" target=\"_blank\">American Humane Certified\u003c/a> assess egg farms according to a robust set of animal welfare guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, where can I buy eggs with these labels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cage-free: Most grocery stores. Growing consumer demand has led to wider availability in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free-range, organic and pasture-raised: Many grocery stores, local food co-ops, farmers markets and community-supported agriculture programs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mexican Megafarms Supplying U.S. Market Are Rife With Labor Abuses",
"title": "Mexican Megafarms Supplying U.S. Market Are Rife With Labor Abuses",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_90756\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexico-farm-labor.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexico-farm-labor.jpg\" alt=\"At the end of the day, Roma tomatoes are ready for transport in Cristo Rey in the state of Sinaloa. Half the tomatoes consumed in the U.S. come from Mexico. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\" width=\"900\" height=\"592\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90756\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the end of the day, Roma tomatoes are ready for transport in Cristo Rey in the state of Sinaloa. Half the tomatoes consumed in the U.S. come from Mexico. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by NPR Staff, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/12/09/369645204/mexican-megafarms-supplying-u-s-market-are-rife-with-labor-abuses\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Product of Mexico\" — it's a label you see on fruit and vegetable stickers in supermarkets across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also the name of an \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/product-of-mexico-camps/\">investigative series\u003c/a> appearing this week in the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Morning Edition's\u003c/em> Steve Inskeep spoke to reporter Richard Marosi about his \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/product-of-mexico-camps/\">18-month investigation\u003c/a> in Mexico. Wednesday's story in the series follows Ricardo Martinez, a farmworker who tried, unsuccessfully, to leave a labor camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Marosi, the farmworkers are \"the invisible people of Mexico, the poorest, the most discriminated.\" That's what makes them so vulnerable to abuse in farm labor camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The camps are in remote regions of west and northwest Mexico, and attached to the megafarms that produce millions of pounds of tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers and other vegetables, much of them bound for the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_90758\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexican-labor-camp.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexican-labor-camp.jpg\" alt=\"The 12-foot-by-12-foot rooms at Campo San Jose each house as many as six people, who sleep on concrete bunks nightly for months at a time. A restful night is hard to come by, as light and the sounds of crying babies and loud music spill over from adjoining rooms. Thieves jump the partitions and pilfer food, and rats scurry on the steel slats. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\" width=\"900\" height=\"574\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90758\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 12-foot-by-12-foot rooms at Campo San Jose each house as many as six people, who sleep on concrete bunks nightly for months at a time. A restful night is hard to come by, as light and the sounds of crying babies and loud music spill over from adjoining rooms. Thieves jump the partitions and pilfer food, and rats scurry on the steel slats. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They live in rooms six-by-eight generally, and shed-like housing, sometimes no furniture. They sleep on scraps of cardboard,\" Marosi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The workers are forced to buy food from the company stores where the prices are heavily inflated. Even making $8 to $12 dollars a day, which is more than they might make at home, they can't keep up with the high costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of these places, they illegally withhold the wages of the workers; they're there on three-month contracts, they're not paid until the end,\" he says. That means they don't even have the money to catch a bus and escape the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marosi says a lot of the blame lies with firms who project an image of social responsibility or tote their many badges of certifications from labor groups. In reality, they are not actually enforcing their standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I went and looked at some of the places with some of the better reputations and I found appalling conditions at many of them,\" including one where people were actually being held captive, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other problems, too: \"Some of these camps are so remote that people, even if they want to go check the conditions, don't know where they are. So it's up to the agribusiness owners to tell them and sometimes they don't,\" explains Marosi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are American exporters and representatives of retailers like Wal-Mart in Mexico, he says, but they're looking out for food safety, not the conditions of the laborers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the farms Marosi saw has very advanced irrigation canals to grow high-quality tomatoes and cucumbers. But the labor force has no water to shower with when they go home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way these conditions may change is if the U.S. puts pressure on the retailers who buy from the Mexican megafarms, says Marosi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_90759\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexican-labor-camp1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexican-labor-camp1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pick fresh basil in a field in Villa Benito Juarez, Sinaloa. The tender leaves are carefully boxed for export to the United States. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\" width=\"900\" height=\"582\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90759\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pick fresh basil in a field in Villa Benito Juarez, Sinaloa. The tender leaves are carefully boxed for export to the United States. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If there's consumer pressure,\" he says, \"retailers at that point can act to bring in higher, third-party, independent auditors to make sure that the [retailers'] requirements of \u003ca href=\"http://corporate.walmart.com/global-responsibility/ethical-sourcing/audit-process\">social responsibility guidelines\u003c/a> are being met.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following Marosi's investigation, some companies have reported that they've instituted corrective action plans or ceased operations with unsafe megafarms. However, even a year after one farm was raided for its poor worker conditions, it still produced 700 million pounds of tomatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem isn't limited to big box retailers either — even farmers markets can import from Mexico. As Marosi explains. \"A lot of the farmer's market is sourced from regional wholesalers or regional produce markets and much of that comes from Mexico.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more videos and photos from the investigation, visit the \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/product-of-mexico-camps/\">Los Angeles Times' site\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "90748 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=90748",
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"excerpt": "An investigation by the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> into labor camps on Mexican megafarms reveals appalling conditions. Reporter Richard Marosi says that U.S. consumers need to pressure retailers for change.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_90756\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexico-farm-labor.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexico-farm-labor.jpg\" alt=\"At the end of the day, Roma tomatoes are ready for transport in Cristo Rey in the state of Sinaloa. Half the tomatoes consumed in the U.S. come from Mexico. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\" width=\"900\" height=\"592\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90756\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the end of the day, Roma tomatoes are ready for transport in Cristo Rey in the state of Sinaloa. Half the tomatoes consumed in the U.S. come from Mexico. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by NPR Staff, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/12/09/369645204/mexican-megafarms-supplying-u-s-market-are-rife-with-labor-abuses\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Product of Mexico\" — it's a label you see on fruit and vegetable stickers in supermarkets across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also the name of an \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/product-of-mexico-camps/\">investigative series\u003c/a> appearing this week in the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Morning Edition's\u003c/em> Steve Inskeep spoke to reporter Richard Marosi about his \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/product-of-mexico-camps/\">18-month investigation\u003c/a> in Mexico. Wednesday's story in the series follows Ricardo Martinez, a farmworker who tried, unsuccessfully, to leave a labor camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Marosi, the farmworkers are \"the invisible people of Mexico, the poorest, the most discriminated.\" That's what makes them so vulnerable to abuse in farm labor camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The camps are in remote regions of west and northwest Mexico, and attached to the megafarms that produce millions of pounds of tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers and other vegetables, much of them bound for the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_90758\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexican-labor-camp.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexican-labor-camp.jpg\" alt=\"The 12-foot-by-12-foot rooms at Campo San Jose each house as many as six people, who sleep on concrete bunks nightly for months at a time. A restful night is hard to come by, as light and the sounds of crying babies and loud music spill over from adjoining rooms. Thieves jump the partitions and pilfer food, and rats scurry on the steel slats. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\" width=\"900\" height=\"574\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90758\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 12-foot-by-12-foot rooms at Campo San Jose each house as many as six people, who sleep on concrete bunks nightly for months at a time. A restful night is hard to come by, as light and the sounds of crying babies and loud music spill over from adjoining rooms. Thieves jump the partitions and pilfer food, and rats scurry on the steel slats. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They live in rooms six-by-eight generally, and shed-like housing, sometimes no furniture. They sleep on scraps of cardboard,\" Marosi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The workers are forced to buy food from the company stores where the prices are heavily inflated. Even making $8 to $12 dollars a day, which is more than they might make at home, they can't keep up with the high costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of these places, they illegally withhold the wages of the workers; they're there on three-month contracts, they're not paid until the end,\" he says. That means they don't even have the money to catch a bus and escape the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marosi says a lot of the blame lies with firms who project an image of social responsibility or tote their many badges of certifications from labor groups. In reality, they are not actually enforcing their standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I went and looked at some of the places with some of the better reputations and I found appalling conditions at many of them,\" including one where people were actually being held captive, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other problems, too: \"Some of these camps are so remote that people, even if they want to go check the conditions, don't know where they are. So it's up to the agribusiness owners to tell them and sometimes they don't,\" explains Marosi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are American exporters and representatives of retailers like Wal-Mart in Mexico, he says, but they're looking out for food safety, not the conditions of the laborers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the farms Marosi saw has very advanced irrigation canals to grow high-quality tomatoes and cucumbers. But the labor force has no water to shower with when they go home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way these conditions may change is if the U.S. puts pressure on the retailers who buy from the Mexican megafarms, says Marosi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_90759\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexican-labor-camp1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/mexican-labor-camp1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pick fresh basil in a field in Villa Benito Juarez, Sinaloa. The tender leaves are carefully boxed for export to the United States. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\" width=\"900\" height=\"582\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90759\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pick fresh basil in a field in Villa Benito Juarez, Sinaloa. The tender leaves are carefully boxed for export to the United States. Photo: Don Bartletti/Los Angeles Times\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If there's consumer pressure,\" he says, \"retailers at that point can act to bring in higher, third-party, independent auditors to make sure that the [retailers'] requirements of \u003ca href=\"http://corporate.walmart.com/global-responsibility/ethical-sourcing/audit-process\">social responsibility guidelines\u003c/a> are being met.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following Marosi's investigation, some companies have reported that they've instituted corrective action plans or ceased operations with unsafe megafarms. However, even a year after one farm was raided for its poor worker conditions, it still produced 700 million pounds of tomatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem isn't limited to big box retailers either — even farmers markets can import from Mexico. As Marosi explains. \"A lot of the farmer's market is sourced from regional wholesalers or regional produce markets and much of that comes from Mexico.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more videos and photos from the investigation, visit the \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/product-of-mexico-camps/\">Los Angeles Times' site\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "For The Next Food Drive, Go For The Canned Tuna, Not The Saltines",
"title": "For The Next Food Drive, Go For The Canned Tuna, Not The Saltines",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_90329\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/canned-foods.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/canned-foods.jpg\" alt=\"John Umland (left) and John Torrens gather donated cans of food in 2011 in Rohnert Park, Calif., for the group Neighbors Organized Against Hunger. Hunger advocates say a lot of nutritionally dense food like canned tuna and beans can be cheaper than processed food. Photo: Kent Porter/ZUMA Press/Corbis \" width=\"900\" height=\"524\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90329\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Umland (left) and John Torrens gather donated cans of food in 2011 in Rohnert Park, Calif., for the group Neighbors Organized Against Hunger. Hunger advocates say a lot of nutritionally dense food like canned tuna and beans can be cheaper than processed food. Photo: Kent Porter/ZUMA Press/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/24/366300894/for-the-next-food-drive-go-for-the-canned-tuna-not-the-saltines\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/24/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you donate to a food drive, do you ponder the nutritional labels of the can in your hand? Or do you grab a packet of ramen or a bag of marshmallows from the dark corners of your pantry and hope it hasn't expired?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Healthfulness isn't typically a well-intended food donor's top concern, says hunger advocate Ruth Solari. The ramen and marshmallows, along with a container of Crisco and a few other items, were basically the entire contents of a food box delivered to one of her volunteer's grandmothers who received food aid, Solari says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What would she even make with this?\" she notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those sorts of real-life dilemmas led Solari to found SuperFood Drive in 2009. The hunger nonprofit works with food banks and pantries, schools and individuals on food drives that focus on nourishing, nutritionally dense nonperishables. And it offers materials available for free download at \u003ca href=\"http://www.superfooddrive.org/\">SuperFoodDrive.org\u003c/a> that groups can use to design their own healthful food drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People think if it's nonperishable, it must be unhealthy,\" says Solari. \"Instead of reaching in the back of the pantry for what's expired or undesired, we're asking people to really think about health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means lentils, canned tuna or canned salmon, brown rice or kidney beans. With these sorts of pantry staples, she says, \"you can have amazingly healthy food as the basis of any meal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many people may not realize it, eating this way – with a focus on whole, unprocessed or minimally processed foods – can also be a lot cheaper, when you look at the cost per serving, Solari notes. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.superfooddrive.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Cost-Comparison.pdf\">cost-comparison chart\u003c/a> on Superfood's website shows how swapping in raisins for fruit snacks or rolled oats for instant oatmeal will get you a much better (and healthier) bang for your buck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving food pantry clients this type of price information is key to helping them make better nutritional choices when they're shopping, too, says Jennifer Gilmore, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://feedingamericasd.org/\">Feeding America San Diego\u003c/a>, a hunger-relief organization that serves some 480,000 people in San Diego County, Calif. She says 67 percent of families who frequent food banks make their food purchases \"based on dollars, instead of anything having to do with nutrition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/11/362355858/a-glimmer-of-hope-in-the-fight-against-hunger-in-america\">One in 7 Americans\u003c/a> visited a food pantry in 2013, according to a national survey conducted by Feeding America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are the elderly, single parents, they're \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/08/18/340676181/more-military-families-are-relying-on-food-banks-and-pantries\">returning veterans\u003c/a>,\" notes Solari. \"They're people just like us, our neighbors who hard times have forced to choose between paying for utilities and food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these people are also struggling with diet-related diseases like diabetes. So in recent years, hunger-relief groups have been putting an increasing emphasis on healthful eating, says Gilmore, who worked with Solari to revamp her organization's nutritional policies. That involved changing not only the types of foods that pantries give out to families, Gilmore says, but also educating volunteers and staffers about healthier cooking, so they can pass that knowledge on to the people they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one thing to distribute brown rice and quinoa and bok choy,\" says Gilmore. \"It's a whole other thing to get families to taste it and cook it and eat it at home.\" Her group now hands out recipes with food boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, says Solari, is to make healthful eating approachable and \"really debunking the idea that it's an elitist thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not enough to fill empty stomachs,\" she says. \"The opposite of being hungry isn't being full – it's being healthy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Planning to donate to a food drive this holiday season? Here's SuperFood Drive's suggested \u003ca href=\"http://www.superfooddrive.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/SFD-Shopping-List.pdf\">shopping list\u003c/a>. It's also just as efficient to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120760895\">give money\u003c/a> to your local bank online.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_90329\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/canned-foods.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/11/canned-foods.jpg\" alt=\"John Umland (left) and John Torrens gather donated cans of food in 2011 in Rohnert Park, Calif., for the group Neighbors Organized Against Hunger. Hunger advocates say a lot of nutritionally dense food like canned tuna and beans can be cheaper than processed food. Photo: Kent Porter/ZUMA Press/Corbis \" width=\"900\" height=\"524\" class=\"size-full wp-image-90329\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Umland (left) and John Torrens gather donated cans of food in 2011 in Rohnert Park, Calif., for the group Neighbors Organized Against Hunger. Hunger advocates say a lot of nutritionally dense food like canned tuna and beans can be cheaper than processed food. Photo: Kent Porter/ZUMA Press/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/24/366300894/for-the-next-food-drive-go-for-the-canned-tuna-not-the-saltines\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/24/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you donate to a food drive, do you ponder the nutritional labels of the can in your hand? Or do you grab a packet of ramen or a bag of marshmallows from the dark corners of your pantry and hope it hasn't expired?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Healthfulness isn't typically a well-intended food donor's top concern, says hunger advocate Ruth Solari. The ramen and marshmallows, along with a container of Crisco and a few other items, were basically the entire contents of a food box delivered to one of her volunteer's grandmothers who received food aid, Solari says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What would she even make with this?\" she notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those sorts of real-life dilemmas led Solari to found SuperFood Drive in 2009. The hunger nonprofit works with food banks and pantries, schools and individuals on food drives that focus on nourishing, nutritionally dense nonperishables. And it offers materials available for free download at \u003ca href=\"http://www.superfooddrive.org/\">SuperFoodDrive.org\u003c/a> that groups can use to design their own healthful food drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People think if it's nonperishable, it must be unhealthy,\" says Solari. \"Instead of reaching in the back of the pantry for what's expired or undesired, we're asking people to really think about health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means lentils, canned tuna or canned salmon, brown rice or kidney beans. With these sorts of pantry staples, she says, \"you can have amazingly healthy food as the basis of any meal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many people may not realize it, eating this way – with a focus on whole, unprocessed or minimally processed foods – can also be a lot cheaper, when you look at the cost per serving, Solari notes. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.superfooddrive.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Cost-Comparison.pdf\">cost-comparison chart\u003c/a> on Superfood's website shows how swapping in raisins for fruit snacks or rolled oats for instant oatmeal will get you a much better (and healthier) bang for your buck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving food pantry clients this type of price information is key to helping them make better nutritional choices when they're shopping, too, says Jennifer Gilmore, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://feedingamericasd.org/\">Feeding America San Diego\u003c/a>, a hunger-relief organization that serves some 480,000 people in San Diego County, Calif. She says 67 percent of families who frequent food banks make their food purchases \"based on dollars, instead of anything having to do with nutrition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/11/362355858/a-glimmer-of-hope-in-the-fight-against-hunger-in-america\">One in 7 Americans\u003c/a> visited a food pantry in 2013, according to a national survey conducted by Feeding America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are the elderly, single parents, they're \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/08/18/340676181/more-military-families-are-relying-on-food-banks-and-pantries\">returning veterans\u003c/a>,\" notes Solari. \"They're people just like us, our neighbors who hard times have forced to choose between paying for utilities and food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these people are also struggling with diet-related diseases like diabetes. So in recent years, hunger-relief groups have been putting an increasing emphasis on healthful eating, says Gilmore, who worked with Solari to revamp her organization's nutritional policies. That involved changing not only the types of foods that pantries give out to families, Gilmore says, but also educating volunteers and staffers about healthier cooking, so they can pass that knowledge on to the people they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one thing to distribute brown rice and quinoa and bok choy,\" says Gilmore. \"It's a whole other thing to get families to taste it and cook it and eat it at home.\" Her group now hands out recipes with food boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, says Solari, is to make healthful eating approachable and \"really debunking the idea that it's an elitist thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not enough to fill empty stomachs,\" she says. \"The opposite of being hungry isn't being full – it's being healthy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Planning to donate to a food drive this holiday season? Here's SuperFood Drive's suggested \u003ca href=\"http://www.superfooddrive.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/SFD-Shopping-List.pdf\">shopping list\u003c/a>. It's also just as efficient to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120760895\">give money\u003c/a> to your local bank online.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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