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"content": "\u003cp>Estonian singer Maria Minerva and the late San Francisco producer \u003ca href=\"https://cherushii.bandcamp.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cherushii\u003c/a> became fast friends once their label, 100% Silk, paired them up to go on a nationwide tour together in 2013. Whenever Minerva would visit Cherushii in San Francisco in the years that followed, she was struck by her unpretentious optimism and sense of adventure. [contextly_sidebar id=”uuiHQG3X8gvxQuA6idFAWRJe5hPd9mBC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minerva recalls a time when Cherushii invited her to perform an early-morning set at the Folsom Street Fair, the famed fetish celebration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“To me that was the most insane experience ever,” Minerva laughs, remembering how Cherushii brought the same enthusiasm to the sparse crowd of leather-clad early risers as she would have during peak hours at a rave. “For her, that was her comfort zone.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadly, Cherushii, whose real name is Chelsea Faith Dolan, was killed in the 2016 Ghost Ship fire just as she was hitting her creative stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Right before her passing, things were going so great for her. She was doing bigger and better gigs every week, producing a lot—she never stopped,”\u003c/span> says Minerva in a phone interview from Los Angeles. She and Cherushii had been in the process of completing a collaborative album in the months leading up to her death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years of working to finish the project amid a difficult grieving process, Minerva releases her album with Cherushii via 100% Silk on Feb. 15. Titled \u003cem>S/T\u003c/em>, it offers a glimpse into the new, exalted house-pop direction Cherushii was reaching for before her passing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0; width: 100%; height: 120px;\" src=\"https://bandcamp.com/EmbeddedPlayer/album=753160670/size=large/bgcol=ffffff/linkcol=0687f5/tracklist=false/artwork=small/transparent=true/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soulful, ebullient and effervescent are some ways to describe Cherushii’s approach to house music, which harked back to the funky, jubilant expressions of influential ’90s acts like \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/MdoKsW6-r-M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inner City\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/644UU55eyzk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Frankie Knuckles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On \u003cem>S/T\u003c/em>, Cherushii’s deep, pulsing grooves and heavy-reverb synths recall the work of pioneering pop producer \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/RK4Gr0Z1gsA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Giorgio Moroder\u003c/a>, who’s responsible for some of Donna Summer’s biggest hits. With Minerva’s melancholy lyrics about solitude and heartbreak against Cherushii’s ecstatic production, \u003cem>S/T\u003c/em> would sit comfortably on a playlist with tracks like “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/8o5BHH9U2Mg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Missing U\u003c/a>” by Robyn or “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEamE0MYPkg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Everything is Embarrassing\u003c/a>” by Sky Ferreira—sparkly dance-pop tunes that belie pensive, emotional lyrics. [contextly_sidebar id=”F65KQ8pRal1u2LNfByFchOZNPnqbGWvo”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“More so than other musicians I worked with, [Cherushii] was inspired by the notion of making songs for people to thrill to, and bond to and celebrate to,” says Britt Brown, the co-owner of 100% Silk. “She wasn’t one of those people who’d write a song because she’s sad and it’s a sad song. … It was this revved up, joyful party song.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Out by Myself,” about the feeling of transcendence on the dance floor, captures how the pure love of a good beat propelled Cherushii’s creative process. (Her romantic and creative partner David Last assisted with mixing on the track.) On \u003cem>S/T\u003c/em> and in Cherushii’s solo work, her songs are often lengthy, with play times of up to eight minutes. Her maximalist beats beckon the listener—who is also often a dancer—to find the groove and hang out in it for a while, allowing melodic twists and turns to take them to new heights of spiritual ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13850859\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13850859\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-800x799.png\" alt=\"Cherushii and Maria Minerva performing at Folsom Street Fair. \" width=\"800\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-1020x1018.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-1200x1198.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-150x150.png 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom.png 1312w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cherushii and Maria Minerva performing at Folsom Street Fair. \u003ccite>(Colleen Dolan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brown and Minerva say that Cherushii sometimes felt under-recognized as a producer, and Minerva laments that Cherushii passed away before gender equality became a major topic of conversation in the electronic music world. Now, many international festivals have committed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-43196414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">booking 50 percent women\u003c/a> for their lineups by 2022. Female producers \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefader.com/2018/03/15/budx-seoul-peggy-gou-interview-boiler-room-budweiser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peggy Gou\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefader.com/2018/06/05/yaeji-cover-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yaeji\u003c/a> have emerged as two of club music’s biggest stars, and their work shares Cherushii’s joyous, life-affirming sensibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She would complain to me about the party scene in San Francisco—and that’s like throwing shade now—but a lot of the male producers and DJs would look through her and not give her the time of day,” Minerva says. “Now the music world is waking up to the fact that it’s happening, and festival lineups get called out for the lack of women.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That never happened five years ago,” she continues, “And it’s a shame because I feel like she would have benefited from that new awareness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Two years after the Ghost Ship fire, the effervescent electronic producer pairs with Maria Minerva on an album showing her brilliant talent.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Estonian singer Maria Minerva and the late San Francisco producer \u003ca href=\"https://cherushii.bandcamp.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cherushii\u003c/a> became fast friends once their label, 100% Silk, paired them up to go on a nationwide tour together in 2013. Whenever Minerva would visit Cherushii in San Francisco in the years that followed, she was struck by her unpretentious optimism and sense of adventure. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minerva recalls a time when Cherushii invited her to perform an early-morning set at the Folsom Street Fair, the famed fetish celebration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“To me that was the most insane experience ever,” Minerva laughs, remembering how Cherushii brought the same enthusiasm to the sparse crowd of leather-clad early risers as she would have during peak hours at a rave. “For her, that was her comfort zone.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadly, Cherushii, whose real name is Chelsea Faith Dolan, was killed in the 2016 Ghost Ship fire just as she was hitting her creative stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Right before her passing, things were going so great for her. She was doing bigger and better gigs every week, producing a lot—she never stopped,”\u003c/span> says Minerva in a phone interview from Los Angeles. She and Cherushii had been in the process of completing a collaborative album in the months leading up to her death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years of working to finish the project amid a difficult grieving process, Minerva releases her album with Cherushii via 100% Silk on Feb. 15. Titled \u003cem>S/T\u003c/em>, it offers a glimpse into the new, exalted house-pop direction Cherushii was reaching for before her passing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0; width: 100%; height: 120px;\" src=\"https://bandcamp.com/EmbeddedPlayer/album=753160670/size=large/bgcol=ffffff/linkcol=0687f5/tracklist=false/artwork=small/transparent=true/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soulful, ebullient and effervescent are some ways to describe Cherushii’s approach to house music, which harked back to the funky, jubilant expressions of influential ’90s acts like \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/MdoKsW6-r-M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inner City\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/644UU55eyzk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Frankie Knuckles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On \u003cem>S/T\u003c/em>, Cherushii’s deep, pulsing grooves and heavy-reverb synths recall the work of pioneering pop producer \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/RK4Gr0Z1gsA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Giorgio Moroder\u003c/a>, who’s responsible for some of Donna Summer’s biggest hits. With Minerva’s melancholy lyrics about solitude and heartbreak against Cherushii’s ecstatic production, \u003cem>S/T\u003c/em> would sit comfortably on a playlist with tracks like “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/8o5BHH9U2Mg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Missing U\u003c/a>” by Robyn or “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEamE0MYPkg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Everything is Embarrassing\u003c/a>” by Sky Ferreira—sparkly dance-pop tunes that belie pensive, emotional lyrics. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“More so than other musicians I worked with, [Cherushii] was inspired by the notion of making songs for people to thrill to, and bond to and celebrate to,” says Britt Brown, the co-owner of 100% Silk. “She wasn’t one of those people who’d write a song because she’s sad and it’s a sad song. … It was this revved up, joyful party song.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Out by Myself,” about the feeling of transcendence on the dance floor, captures how the pure love of a good beat propelled Cherushii’s creative process. (Her romantic and creative partner David Last assisted with mixing on the track.) On \u003cem>S/T\u003c/em> and in Cherushii’s solo work, her songs are often lengthy, with play times of up to eight minutes. Her maximalist beats beckon the listener—who is also often a dancer—to find the groove and hang out in it for a while, allowing melodic twists and turns to take them to new heights of spiritual ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13850859\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13850859\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-800x799.png\" alt=\"Cherushii and Maria Minerva performing at Folsom Street Fair. \" width=\"800\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-1020x1018.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-1200x1198.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom-150x150.png 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/folsom.png 1312w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cherushii and Maria Minerva performing at Folsom Street Fair. \u003ccite>(Colleen Dolan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brown and Minerva say that Cherushii sometimes felt under-recognized as a producer, and Minerva laments that Cherushii passed away before gender equality became a major topic of conversation in the electronic music world. Now, many international festivals have committed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-43196414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">booking 50 percent women\u003c/a> for their lineups by 2022. Female producers \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefader.com/2018/03/15/budx-seoul-peggy-gou-interview-boiler-room-budweiser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peggy Gou\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefader.com/2018/06/05/yaeji-cover-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yaeji\u003c/a> have emerged as two of club music’s biggest stars, and their work shares Cherushii’s joyous, life-affirming sensibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She would complain to me about the party scene in San Francisco—and that’s like throwing shade now—but a lot of the male producers and DJs would look through her and not give her the time of day,” Minerva says. “Now the music world is waking up to the fact that it’s happening, and festival lineups get called out for the lack of women.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That never happened five years ago,” she continues, “And it’s a shame because I feel like she would have benefited from that new awareness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Women Behind The Songs: Jessie Mae Robinson",
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"content": "\u003cp>Many may know \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/16302592/wanda-jackson\">Wanda Jackson\u003c/a>‘s 1960s hit “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ip_rNAASt6I\">Let’s Have a Party\u003c/a>,” or even the versions performed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/15396553/led-zeppelin\">Led Zeppelin\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/15624007/elvis-presley\">Elvis Presley\u003c/a>, but most will not recognize the name of the woman who wrote it: Jessie Mae Robinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether she was composing party songs or heartbreak songs, Robinson wrote with the concise, evocative language of a journalist. She gave her characters dignity no matter who they were or what they were doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in Texas in 1918 and raised in California, Robinson’s songs have been recorded by hundreds of artists, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/15404400/louis-jordan\">Louis Jordan\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/145913023/lana-del-rey\">Lana Del Rey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”wG4bQWyv4SVZes0v9saOts3pZRAiAmoW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, Robinson found a supportive community, and plenty of opportunities to explore her creative interests. She became a champion tap dancer, competing at the old Largo Theater. As a teenager, she wrote a column for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/ca_eagle.html\">\u003cem>California Eagle\u003c/em>\u003c/a> newspaper. She earned an \u003ca href=\"https://www.actorsequity.org/join/\">Actors’ Equity\u003c/a> card, performing in WPA musicals like \u003cem>Show Boat\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Robinson also had a penchant for making up melodies and writing poetry. She was encouraged to become a songwriter by neighborhood friend Joe Adams, who’d go on to manage \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/14951033/ray-charles\">Ray Charles\u003c/a> and Dootsie Williams. Williams owned a local studio, where Robinson got her songwriting start. She caught a break in 1945, when a young \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/15404991/dinah-washington\">Dinah Washington\u003c/a> released “Mellow Mama Blues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson was an African American woman working mostly on her own in the 1940s and 50s, but she challenged a music industry determined to pigeonhole her into writing only blues and R&B. She loved\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103402874\"> Tin Pan Alley \u003c/a>and show tunes, and refused to be confined by genre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ct1SmKSyDNDH3nDUThOhnHL6UQMjkK8m”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1952, Robinson had her first pop music crossover success when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2013/01/03/168488929/patti-page-who-dominated-the-50s-pop-charts-dies\">Patti Page\u003c/a> recorded her song, “I Went To Your Wedding,” about watching the love of your life marry someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-taught musician, Robinson wrote songs even when she had no access to an instrument. She’d hum melodies into a tape recorder, and scribble lyrics on random pieces of paper. She didn’t learn to drive until age 30, so early in her career, she’d take a bus to Hollywood, and have her songs transcribed onto sheet music that the studio musicians could read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Nkp42ZQ5aAQPxYVtFnMbN4bi1oVEbWQc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1960s, Robinson started her own record labels, naming the first one after her daughter, June. Though she loved music, Robinson had grown tired of the industry. She was physically tired, too. Robinson’s health was in decline, and in 1966 she sought treatment for a chronic throat problem. The doctors suggested surgery, but she said no, fearful of permanently losing her voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson died in 1966 at age 48, leaving behind a body of work that reflects who she was: soft-spoken yet self-possessed, imaginative and ambitious. She was a uniquely gifted composer with an eye for detail that most people overlook and the ability to pack so much emotion into just a few words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Women+Behind+The+Songs%3A+Jessie+Mae+Robinson&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many may know \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/16302592/wanda-jackson\">Wanda Jackson\u003c/a>‘s 1960s hit “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ip_rNAASt6I\">Let’s Have a Party\u003c/a>,” or even the versions performed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/15396553/led-zeppelin\">Led Zeppelin\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/15624007/elvis-presley\">Elvis Presley\u003c/a>, but most will not recognize the name of the woman who wrote it: Jessie Mae Robinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether she was composing party songs or heartbreak songs, Robinson wrote with the concise, evocative language of a journalist. She gave her characters dignity no matter who they were or what they were doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in Texas in 1918 and raised in California, Robinson’s songs have been recorded by hundreds of artists, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/15404400/louis-jordan\">Louis Jordan\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/145913023/lana-del-rey\">Lana Del Rey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, Robinson found a supportive community, and plenty of opportunities to explore her creative interests. She became a champion tap dancer, competing at the old Largo Theater. As a teenager, she wrote a column for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/ca_eagle.html\">\u003cem>California Eagle\u003c/em>\u003c/a> newspaper. She earned an \u003ca href=\"https://www.actorsequity.org/join/\">Actors’ Equity\u003c/a> card, performing in WPA musicals like \u003cem>Show Boat\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Robinson also had a penchant for making up melodies and writing poetry. She was encouraged to become a songwriter by neighborhood friend Joe Adams, who’d go on to manage \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/14951033/ray-charles\">Ray Charles\u003c/a> and Dootsie Williams. Williams owned a local studio, where Robinson got her songwriting start. She caught a break in 1945, when a young \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/artists/15404991/dinah-washington\">Dinah Washington\u003c/a> released “Mellow Mama Blues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson was an African American woman working mostly on her own in the 1940s and 50s, but she challenged a music industry determined to pigeonhole her into writing only blues and R&B. She loved\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103402874\"> Tin Pan Alley \u003c/a>and show tunes, and refused to be confined by genre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1952, Robinson had her first pop music crossover success when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2013/01/03/168488929/patti-page-who-dominated-the-50s-pop-charts-dies\">Patti Page\u003c/a> recorded her song, “I Went To Your Wedding,” about watching the love of your life marry someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-taught musician, Robinson wrote songs even when she had no access to an instrument. She’d hum melodies into a tape recorder, and scribble lyrics on random pieces of paper. She didn’t learn to drive until age 30, so early in her career, she’d take a bus to Hollywood, and have her songs transcribed onto sheet music that the studio musicians could read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1960s, Robinson started her own record labels, naming the first one after her daughter, June. Though she loved music, Robinson had grown tired of the industry. She was physically tired, too. Robinson’s health was in decline, and in 1966 she sought treatment for a chronic throat problem. The doctors suggested surgery, but she said no, fearful of permanently losing her voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson died in 1966 at age 48, leaving behind a body of work that reflects who she was: soft-spoken yet self-possessed, imaginative and ambitious. She was a uniquely gifted composer with an eye for detail that most people overlook and the ability to pack so much emotion into just a few words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Women+Behind+The+Songs%3A+Jessie+Mae+Robinson&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Beloved Poet Mary Oliver, Who Believed Poetry 'Mustn't Be Fancy,' Dies At 83",
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"content": "\u003cp>Much-loved poet Mary Oliver died Thursday of lymphoma, at her home in Florida. She was 83. Oliver won many awards for her poems, which often explore the link between nature and the spiritual world; she also won a legion of loyal readers who found both solace and joy in her work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oliver got a lot of her ideas for poems during long walks — a habit she developed as a kid growing up in rural Ohio. It was not a happy childhood: She said she was sexually abused and suffered from parental neglect. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/14/162785079/a-thousand-mornings-with-poet-mary-oliver\">as she told NPR in 2012\u003c/a>, she found refuge in two great passions that lasted her entire life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said, “The two things I loved from a very early age were the natural world and dead poets, [who] were my pals when I was a kid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oliver published her first collection, \u003cem>No Voyage and Other Poems\u003c/em>, in her late 20s. She went on to win the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. But writer Ruth Franklin believes such recognition probably wasn’t that important to Oliver. “I always had a sense of her as somebody who was just interested in following her own path, both spiritually and poetically,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003cem>New Yorker\u003c/em> article about Oliver’s 2017 book, \u003cem>Devotions\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/11/27/what-mary-olivers-critics-dont-understand\">Franklin wrote\u003c/a> that Oliver wasn’t always appreciated by critics, but she was still one of the country’s most popular poets. And there’s a reason for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary Oliver isn’t a difficult poet,” Franklin says. “Her work is incredibly accessible, and I think that’s what makes her so beloved by so many people. It doesn’t feel like you have to take a seminar in order to understand Mary Oliver’s poetry. She’s speaking directly to you as a human being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oliver told NPR that simplicity was important to her. “Poetry, to be understood, must be clear,” she said. “It mustn’t be fancy. I have the feeling that a lot of poets writing now, they sort of tap dance through it. I always feel that whatever isn’t necessary should not be in the poem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oliver lived for many years in Provincetown, Mass., with the love of her life, the photographer Molly Malone Cook. There, she continued her habit of taking long walks, which often inspired poems. She wrote about one such walk in her poem “The Summer Day”:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Who made the world?\u003cbr>\nWho made the swan, and the black bear?\u003cbr>\nWho made the grasshopper?\u003cbr>\nThis grasshopper, I mean-\u003cbr>\nthe one who has flung herself out of the grass,\u003cbr>\nthe one who is eating sugar out of my hand,\u003cbr>\nwho is moving her jaws back and forth instead of up and down-\u003cbr>\nwho is gazing around with her enormous and complicated eyes.\u003cbr>\nNow she lifts her pale forearms and thoroughly washes her face.\u003cbr>\nNow she snaps her wings open, and floats away.\u003cbr>\nI don’t know exactly what a prayer is.\u003cbr>\nI do know how to pay attention, how to fall down\u003cbr>\ninto the grass, how to kneel down in the grass,\u003cbr>\nhow to be idle and blessed, how to stroll through the fields,\u003cbr>\nwhich is what I have been doing all day.\u003cbr>\nTell me, what else should I have done?\u003cbr>\nDoesn’t everything die at last, and too soon?\u003cbr>\nTell me, what is it you plan to do\u003cbr>\nwith your one wild and precious life?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Many of Oliver’s poems are a joyful celebration of nature, but she also wrote about the abuse she suffered as a child and her first brush with death from lung cancer. Ruth Franklin says her work is infused with a deep spirituality. “The way she writes these poems that feel like prayers, she channels the voice of somebody who it seems might possibly have access to God. I think her work does give a sense of someone who is in tune with the deepest mysteries of the universe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her poem “\u003ca href=\"http://www.phys.unm.edu/~tw/fas/yits/archive/oliver_whendeathcomes.html\">When Death Comes\u003c/a>,” Oliver wrote this about the inevitable: “When it’s over, I want to say all my life/ I was a bride married to amazement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tom Cole edited this story for broadcast, and Nicole Cohen adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Beloved+Poet+Mary+Oliver%2C+Who+Believed+Poetry+%27Mustn%27t+Be+Fancy%2C%27+Dies+At+83&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Much-loved poet Mary Oliver died Thursday of lymphoma, at her home in Florida. She was 83. Oliver won many awards for her poems, which often explore the link between nature and the spiritual world; she also won a legion of loyal readers who found both solace and joy in her work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oliver got a lot of her ideas for poems during long walks — a habit she developed as a kid growing up in rural Ohio. It was not a happy childhood: She said she was sexually abused and suffered from parental neglect. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/14/162785079/a-thousand-mornings-with-poet-mary-oliver\">as she told NPR in 2012\u003c/a>, she found refuge in two great passions that lasted her entire life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said, “The two things I loved from a very early age were the natural world and dead poets, [who] were my pals when I was a kid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oliver published her first collection, \u003cem>No Voyage and Other Poems\u003c/em>, in her late 20s. She went on to win the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. But writer Ruth Franklin believes such recognition probably wasn’t that important to Oliver. “I always had a sense of her as somebody who was just interested in following her own path, both spiritually and poetically,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003cem>New Yorker\u003c/em> article about Oliver’s 2017 book, \u003cem>Devotions\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/11/27/what-mary-olivers-critics-dont-understand\">Franklin wrote\u003c/a> that Oliver wasn’t always appreciated by critics, but she was still one of the country’s most popular poets. And there’s a reason for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary Oliver isn’t a difficult poet,” Franklin says. “Her work is incredibly accessible, and I think that’s what makes her so beloved by so many people. It doesn’t feel like you have to take a seminar in order to understand Mary Oliver’s poetry. She’s speaking directly to you as a human being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oliver told NPR that simplicity was important to her. “Poetry, to be understood, must be clear,” she said. “It mustn’t be fancy. I have the feeling that a lot of poets writing now, they sort of tap dance through it. I always feel that whatever isn’t necessary should not be in the poem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oliver lived for many years in Provincetown, Mass., with the love of her life, the photographer Molly Malone Cook. There, she continued her habit of taking long walks, which often inspired poems. She wrote about one such walk in her poem “The Summer Day”:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Who made the world?\u003cbr>\nWho made the swan, and the black bear?\u003cbr>\nWho made the grasshopper?\u003cbr>\nThis grasshopper, I mean-\u003cbr>\nthe one who has flung herself out of the grass,\u003cbr>\nthe one who is eating sugar out of my hand,\u003cbr>\nwho is moving her jaws back and forth instead of up and down-\u003cbr>\nwho is gazing around with her enormous and complicated eyes.\u003cbr>\nNow she lifts her pale forearms and thoroughly washes her face.\u003cbr>\nNow she snaps her wings open, and floats away.\u003cbr>\nI don’t know exactly what a prayer is.\u003cbr>\nI do know how to pay attention, how to fall down\u003cbr>\ninto the grass, how to kneel down in the grass,\u003cbr>\nhow to be idle and blessed, how to stroll through the fields,\u003cbr>\nwhich is what I have been doing all day.\u003cbr>\nTell me, what else should I have done?\u003cbr>\nDoesn’t everything die at last, and too soon?\u003cbr>\nTell me, what is it you plan to do\u003cbr>\nwith your one wild and precious life?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Many of Oliver’s poems are a joyful celebration of nature, but she also wrote about the abuse she suffered as a child and her first brush with death from lung cancer. Ruth Franklin says her work is infused with a deep spirituality. “The way she writes these poems that feel like prayers, she channels the voice of somebody who it seems might possibly have access to God. I think her work does give a sense of someone who is in tune with the deepest mysteries of the universe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her poem “\u003ca href=\"http://www.phys.unm.edu/~tw/fas/yits/archive/oliver_whendeathcomes.html\">When Death Comes\u003c/a>,” Oliver wrote this about the inevitable: “When it’s over, I want to say all my life/ I was a bride married to amazement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tom Cole edited this story for broadcast, and Nicole Cohen adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Beloved+Poet+Mary+Oliver%2C+Who+Believed+Poetry+%27Mustn%27t+Be+Fancy%2C%27+Dies+At+83&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Carol Channing, Broadway Legend Raised in SF, Dies at Age 97",
"headTitle": "Carol Channing, Broadway Legend Raised in SF, Dies at Age 97 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Carol Channing, the lanky, ebullient musical comedy star who delighted American audiences over almost 5,000 performances as the scheming Dolly Levi in “Hello, Dolly!” on Broadway and beyond, has died. She was 97.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicist B. Harlan Boll said Channing died of natural causes at 12:31am Tuesday in Rancho Mirage, California. Boll says she had twice suffered strokes in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides “Hello, Dolly!,” Channing starred in other Broadway shows, but none with equal magnetism. She often appeared on television and in nightclubs, for a time partnering with George Burns in Las Vegas and a national tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her outsized personality seemed too much for the screen, and she made only a few movies, notably “The First Traveling Saleslady” with Ginger Rogers and “Thoroughly Modern Millie” with Julie Andrews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Channing continued as Dolly in national tours, the last in 1996, when she was in her 70s. Tom Shales of The Washington Post called her “the ninth wonder of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messages of love and appreciation lit up Twitter early Tuesday, with the League of Professional Theatre Women saying Channing “was a gift of inspiration to so many.” Fans who saw her work also took to social media, calling her a “firecracker” and saying she was “matchmaking for the angels now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing was not the immediate choice to play Dolly, a matchmaker who receives her toughest challenge yet when a rich grump seeks a suitable wife. The show, which features a rousing score by Jerry Herman that’s bursting with joy and tunes like “Put On Your Sunday Clothes,” ″Before the Parade Passes By” and “It Only Takes a Moment,” is a musical version of Thornton Wilder’s play “The Matchmaker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theater producer David Merrick told her: “I don’t want that silly grin with all those teeth that go back to your ears.” Even though director Gower Champion had worked on her first Broadway hit, “Lend an Ear,” he had doubts about Channing’s casting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wowed them in an audition and was hired on the spot. At opening night on Jan. 16, 1964, when Channing appeared at the top of the stairs in a red gown with feathers in her hair and walked down the red carpet to the Harmonia Gardens restaurant, the New York audience went crazy. The critics followed suit. “Hello, Dolly!” collected 10 Tony Awards, including one for Channing as best actress in a musical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing was born Jan. 31, 1921, in Seattle, where her father, George Channing, was a newspaper editor. When his only child was 3 months old, he moved to San Francisco and worked as a writer for The Christian Science Monitor and as a lecturer. He later became editor-in-chief of Christian Science publications. Channing herself graduated from Lowell High School, then on Hayes Street in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the age of 7, Channing decided she wanted to become an entertainer. She credited her father with encouraging her: “He told me you can dedicate your life at 7 or 97. And the people who do that are happier people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While majoring in drama and dance at Bennington College in Vermont, she was sent off to get experience in her chosen field. She found a job in a New York revue. The show lasted only two weeks, but a New Yorker magazine critic commented, “You will hear more about a satiric chanteuse named Carol Channing.” She said later: “That was it. I said goodbye to trigonometry, zoology and English literature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several years she worked as an understudy, bit player and nightclub impressionist, taking jobs as a model, receptionist and sales clerk during lean times. Landing in Los Angeles, she auditioned for Marge Champion, wife and dance partner of Gower Champion who was putting together a revue, “Lend an Ear.” Marge Champion recalled: “She certainly was awkward and odd-looking, but her warmth and wholesomeness came through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing was the hit of “Lend an Ear” in a small Hollywood theater, and she captivated audiences and critics when the show moved to New York. As the innocent gold digger in the musical “Gentlemen Prefer Blondes,” her stardom was assured. One reviewer reported she “hurls across the footlights in broad strokes of pantomime and bold, certain, exquisitely comical gestures.” The show’s hit song, “Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend,” became her signature number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over and over again she returned to the surefire “Hello, Dolly!,” which earned her $5 million on one tour. She considered Dolly Levi “a role as deep as Lady Macbeth,” but added that “the essence of her character was her unquenchable thirst for life.” That description fit Carol Channing, who attributed her sunny optimism to her lifelong faith in Christian Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others who have played the role include Pearl Bailey, Phyllis Diller, Betty Grable, Ethel Merman, Martha Raye, Ginger Rogers and Barbra Streisand, who played Dolly in a 1969 film version directed by Gene Kelly. Bette Midler won a Tony Award in the role in 2017 and a current national tour stars Betty Buckley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tour of “Hello, Dolly!” said Tuesday it would honor Channing at its current stop in California. “We are deeply saddened by the passing of the one and only Carol Channing. She was a ‘Dolly’ for the ages, and a true icon of the American theater. Betty Buckley and the cast will dedicate tonight’s performance in San Diego to her memory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing had two early marriages that ended in divorce — to novelist Theodore Naidish and pro footballer Alexander Carson, father of her only child, Channing. Her son became a successful political cartoonist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1956 she married a television producer, Charles Lowe, who seemed like the perfect mate for a major star. He adopted Channing’s son and supervised every aspect of her business affairs and appearances. He reportedly viewed every one of her performances from out front, leading the applause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 41 years of marriage, she sued for divorce in 1998, alleging that he misappropriated her funds and humiliated her in public. She remarked that they only had sex twice in four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing about control freak victims is that they don’t know who they are,” she told The Washington Post. “It’s taken me 77 years to figure that out. I was miserable. I was unhappy. And I didn’t realize it wasn’t my fault. But I’m going to survive. I’m going to live. I’m free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowe died after a stroke in 1999. Channing moved to Rancho Mirage near Palm Springs, California, in 2000 to write her memoirs. She called the book “Just Lucky, I Guess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing remarried in 2003 to Harry Kullijian, her childhood sweetheart from 70 years before. He died in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her book, Channing recounted an early story from her childhood that showed a budding audience-pleasing performer. She wrote that she came home from kindergarten and noted that all the little girls hit the little boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents asked: “Do you?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She responded: “Oh no, I pet them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Shawn Marsh in Trenton, New Jersey, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Carol Channing, the lanky, ebullient musical comedy star who delighted American audiences over almost 5,000 performances as the scheming Dolly Levi in “Hello, Dolly!” on Broadway and beyond, has died. She was 97.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicist B. Harlan Boll said Channing died of natural causes at 12:31am Tuesday in Rancho Mirage, California. Boll says she had twice suffered strokes in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides “Hello, Dolly!,” Channing starred in other Broadway shows, but none with equal magnetism. She often appeared on television and in nightclubs, for a time partnering with George Burns in Las Vegas and a national tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her outsized personality seemed too much for the screen, and she made only a few movies, notably “The First Traveling Saleslady” with Ginger Rogers and “Thoroughly Modern Millie” with Julie Andrews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Channing continued as Dolly in national tours, the last in 1996, when she was in her 70s. Tom Shales of The Washington Post called her “the ninth wonder of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messages of love and appreciation lit up Twitter early Tuesday, with the League of Professional Theatre Women saying Channing “was a gift of inspiration to so many.” Fans who saw her work also took to social media, calling her a “firecracker” and saying she was “matchmaking for the angels now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing was not the immediate choice to play Dolly, a matchmaker who receives her toughest challenge yet when a rich grump seeks a suitable wife. The show, which features a rousing score by Jerry Herman that’s bursting with joy and tunes like “Put On Your Sunday Clothes,” ″Before the Parade Passes By” and “It Only Takes a Moment,” is a musical version of Thornton Wilder’s play “The Matchmaker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theater producer David Merrick told her: “I don’t want that silly grin with all those teeth that go back to your ears.” Even though director Gower Champion had worked on her first Broadway hit, “Lend an Ear,” he had doubts about Channing’s casting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wowed them in an audition and was hired on the spot. At opening night on Jan. 16, 1964, when Channing appeared at the top of the stairs in a red gown with feathers in her hair and walked down the red carpet to the Harmonia Gardens restaurant, the New York audience went crazy. The critics followed suit. “Hello, Dolly!” collected 10 Tony Awards, including one for Channing as best actress in a musical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing was born Jan. 31, 1921, in Seattle, where her father, George Channing, was a newspaper editor. When his only child was 3 months old, he moved to San Francisco and worked as a writer for The Christian Science Monitor and as a lecturer. He later became editor-in-chief of Christian Science publications. Channing herself graduated from Lowell High School, then on Hayes Street in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the age of 7, Channing decided she wanted to become an entertainer. She credited her father with encouraging her: “He told me you can dedicate your life at 7 or 97. And the people who do that are happier people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While majoring in drama and dance at Bennington College in Vermont, she was sent off to get experience in her chosen field. She found a job in a New York revue. The show lasted only two weeks, but a New Yorker magazine critic commented, “You will hear more about a satiric chanteuse named Carol Channing.” She said later: “That was it. I said goodbye to trigonometry, zoology and English literature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several years she worked as an understudy, bit player and nightclub impressionist, taking jobs as a model, receptionist and sales clerk during lean times. Landing in Los Angeles, she auditioned for Marge Champion, wife and dance partner of Gower Champion who was putting together a revue, “Lend an Ear.” Marge Champion recalled: “She certainly was awkward and odd-looking, but her warmth and wholesomeness came through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing was the hit of “Lend an Ear” in a small Hollywood theater, and she captivated audiences and critics when the show moved to New York. As the innocent gold digger in the musical “Gentlemen Prefer Blondes,” her stardom was assured. One reviewer reported she “hurls across the footlights in broad strokes of pantomime and bold, certain, exquisitely comical gestures.” The show’s hit song, “Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend,” became her signature number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over and over again she returned to the surefire “Hello, Dolly!,” which earned her $5 million on one tour. She considered Dolly Levi “a role as deep as Lady Macbeth,” but added that “the essence of her character was her unquenchable thirst for life.” That description fit Carol Channing, who attributed her sunny optimism to her lifelong faith in Christian Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others who have played the role include Pearl Bailey, Phyllis Diller, Betty Grable, Ethel Merman, Martha Raye, Ginger Rogers and Barbra Streisand, who played Dolly in a 1969 film version directed by Gene Kelly. Bette Midler won a Tony Award in the role in 2017 and a current national tour stars Betty Buckley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tour of “Hello, Dolly!” said Tuesday it would honor Channing at its current stop in California. “We are deeply saddened by the passing of the one and only Carol Channing. She was a ‘Dolly’ for the ages, and a true icon of the American theater. Betty Buckley and the cast will dedicate tonight’s performance in San Diego to her memory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing had two early marriages that ended in divorce — to novelist Theodore Naidish and pro footballer Alexander Carson, father of her only child, Channing. Her son became a successful political cartoonist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1956 she married a television producer, Charles Lowe, who seemed like the perfect mate for a major star. He adopted Channing’s son and supervised every aspect of her business affairs and appearances. He reportedly viewed every one of her performances from out front, leading the applause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 41 years of marriage, she sued for divorce in 1998, alleging that he misappropriated her funds and humiliated her in public. She remarked that they only had sex twice in four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing about control freak victims is that they don’t know who they are,” she told The Washington Post. “It’s taken me 77 years to figure that out. I was miserable. I was unhappy. And I didn’t realize it wasn’t my fault. But I’m going to survive. I’m going to live. I’m free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowe died after a stroke in 1999. Channing moved to Rancho Mirage near Palm Springs, California, in 2000 to write her memoirs. She called the book “Just Lucky, I Guess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Channing remarried in 2003 to Harry Kullijian, her childhood sweetheart from 70 years before. He died in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her book, Channing recounted an early story from her childhood that showed a budding audience-pleasing performer. She wrote that she came home from kindergarten and noted that all the little girls hit the little boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents asked: “Do you?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She responded: “Oh no, I pet them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Remembering Tom Guido, Purple Onion Manager and SF Counterculture Legend",
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"content": "\u003cp>Friends describe Tom Guido as the type of quirky character one could only find in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1993 to 1999, he ran North Beach nightclub the \u003ca href=\"http://bethzombie.com/purpleonion/stories.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Purple Onion\u003c/a>, revitalizing the standup comedy landmark as a destination for the city’s booming garage-rock scene and a home for his own eccentric persona. As manager, bartender, doorman, talent buyer and emcee, Guido operated the venue almost singlehandedly, and his strong personality permeated the basement club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Bedard, a longtime talent buyer for the recently shuttered Hemlock Tavern, remembers Guido flitting about the Purple Onion, jumping on stage to interrupt the bands whenever he felt like interjecting his opinions about the music. During those years, Guido was a North Beach legend who attracted admiration and ire in equal measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had this manic, crazy personality,” says Bedard. “The Purple Onion was infused with this spirit of roiling chaos. How the whole thing existed for that long—no one could figure it out. Tom was so mercurial and charismatic, but he also irritated people and pissed people off.” [contextly_sidebar id=”tLYHgPL8q5Q0YFvAQwI6binFgiSjvHsM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bedard and others in the Bay Area music community learned Wednesday that Guido died in a Jan. 8 slaying in the Tenderloin. On Tuesday, police responded to a call about a man who jumped out of a window on the 900 block of Post Street. They found Guido, 58, inside the building with gashes to the neck and head; he was transported to a hospital, where he succumbed to his wounds. The medical examiner ruled Guido’s death a homicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends describe Guido as a music purist obsessed with ’60s garage rock, apparent in his uniform of Beatles-style boots, a shaggy pageboy haircut and striped, long-sleeved T-shirt. He referred to himself and his friends as “Charmkins,” which he defined as people of the ’60s, and published a fanzine called \u003cem>Charmkin Rebellion\u003c/em>. [contextly_sidebar id=”RXJs65LwYsfCRB27jKmK8HgNwmXoyj5I”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Purple Onion, which opened in 1952 and famously hosted the likes of Phyllis Diller, the Kingston Trio and the Smothers Brothers throughout the 1960s, had a dilapidated vintage decor in the 1990s that matched Guido’s throwback aesthetic. Rickshaw Stop talent buyer Dan Strachota describes its vibe as “fallen grandeur.” At the Purple Onion, Guido booked contemporary groups like The Mummies and The Trashwomen, and Strachota remembers that he had a catch phrase—”That’s not ’60s!”—that he’d yell when he didn’t think the music was up to par.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the band was playing and he was sick of it, he would say, ‘The beer is all gone and everybody go home,'” Strachota says. “It definitely led to an atmosphere of anything goes at the Purple Onion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/VY1nw94Evj8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonnie Fellman, who was a record store employee when he met Guido in the late ’80s, says that Guido was originally from Texas, later attending Kent State University in Ohio. Fellman recalls that before the Purple Onion, Guido had a graphic design business. The Purple Onion shuttered in 1999—the club would reopen under various identities afterward—but Guido didn’t go on to run another club. Several people who knew him say that he didn’t talk much about what he did for a living, and that he fluctuated in and out of homelessness over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was definitely some mental health stuff going on,” recalls Tina Lucchesi, the drummer of The Trashwomen. She had been friends with Guido since the ’80s, when he booked a ’60s night called Fuzz Club at The Chameleon, known today as Amnesia. “He was in and out of taking his meds, he would get confrontational with people and get in fights. He ended up living in the club with his cat, Timid. It ended up kind of falling apart.” [contextly_sidebar id=”RB3Cli1WnbpSBmonPokzQEtTOB7ulmIZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucchesi recalls that the Purple Onion grew into a destination for touring bands, but as Guido’s behavior became more erratic, he sometimes failed to pay musicians and began to burn bridges with his peers. “It was a bummer to see the Purple Onion end, but it was time,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she says that Guido and the Purple Onion left plenty of memories that speak to a bygone time in San Francisco, when a lower cost of living fostered a thriving, out-there creative scene. “We were lucky that to be a part of that, and Tom made it happen,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Bedard sums it up, “It was a legendary rock club in the United States and it existed by the force of his personality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Friends describe Tom Guido as the type of quirky character one could only find in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1993 to 1999, he ran North Beach nightclub the \u003ca href=\"http://bethzombie.com/purpleonion/stories.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Purple Onion\u003c/a>, revitalizing the standup comedy landmark as a destination for the city’s booming garage-rock scene and a home for his own eccentric persona. As manager, bartender, doorman, talent buyer and emcee, Guido operated the venue almost singlehandedly, and his strong personality permeated the basement club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Bedard, a longtime talent buyer for the recently shuttered Hemlock Tavern, remembers Guido flitting about the Purple Onion, jumping on stage to interrupt the bands whenever he felt like interjecting his opinions about the music. During those years, Guido was a North Beach legend who attracted admiration and ire in equal measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had this manic, crazy personality,” says Bedard. “The Purple Onion was infused with this spirit of roiling chaos. How the whole thing existed for that long—no one could figure it out. Tom was so mercurial and charismatic, but he also irritated people and pissed people off.” \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bedard and others in the Bay Area music community learned Wednesday that Guido died in a Jan. 8 slaying in the Tenderloin. On Tuesday, police responded to a call about a man who jumped out of a window on the 900 block of Post Street. They found Guido, 58, inside the building with gashes to the neck and head; he was transported to a hospital, where he succumbed to his wounds. The medical examiner ruled Guido’s death a homicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends describe Guido as a music purist obsessed with ’60s garage rock, apparent in his uniform of Beatles-style boots, a shaggy pageboy haircut and striped, long-sleeved T-shirt. He referred to himself and his friends as “Charmkins,” which he defined as people of the ’60s, and published a fanzine called \u003cem>Charmkin Rebellion\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Purple Onion, which opened in 1952 and famously hosted the likes of Phyllis Diller, the Kingston Trio and the Smothers Brothers throughout the 1960s, had a dilapidated vintage decor in the 1990s that matched Guido’s throwback aesthetic. Rickshaw Stop talent buyer Dan Strachota describes its vibe as “fallen grandeur.” At the Purple Onion, Guido booked contemporary groups like The Mummies and The Trashwomen, and Strachota remembers that he had a catch phrase—”That’s not ’60s!”—that he’d yell when he didn’t think the music was up to par.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the band was playing and he was sick of it, he would say, ‘The beer is all gone and everybody go home,'” Strachota says. “It definitely led to an atmosphere of anything goes at the Purple Onion.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/VY1nw94Evj8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/VY1nw94Evj8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Jonnie Fellman, who was a record store employee when he met Guido in the late ’80s, says that Guido was originally from Texas, later attending Kent State University in Ohio. Fellman recalls that before the Purple Onion, Guido had a graphic design business. The Purple Onion shuttered in 1999—the club would reopen under various identities afterward—but Guido didn’t go on to run another club. Several people who knew him say that he didn’t talk much about what he did for a living, and that he fluctuated in and out of homelessness over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was definitely some mental health stuff going on,” recalls Tina Lucchesi, the drummer of The Trashwomen. She had been friends with Guido since the ’80s, when he booked a ’60s night called Fuzz Club at The Chameleon, known today as Amnesia. “He was in and out of taking his meds, he would get confrontational with people and get in fights. He ended up living in the club with his cat, Timid. It ended up kind of falling apart.” \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucchesi recalls that the Purple Onion grew into a destination for touring bands, but as Guido’s behavior became more erratic, he sometimes failed to pay musicians and began to burn bridges with his peers. “It was a bummer to see the Purple Onion end, but it was time,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she says that Guido and the Purple Onion left plenty of memories that speak to a bygone time in San Francisco, when a lower cost of living fostered a thriving, out-there creative scene. “We were lucky that to be a part of that, and Tom made it happen,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Bedard sums it up, “It was a legendary rock club in the United States and it existed by the force of his personality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If one way of understanding gospel music is to trace its emergence in the midst of the African-American Great Migration — from south to north, from rural areas to urban regions, from agrarian culture to industrialization, then so too can we hear Aretha Franklin traveling miles and miles in her luminous cover of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Bridge Over Troubled Water.” With each magnetic pass that she took through this song, we can hear Queen Re mediating the gospel space between traditional spirituals and blues-inflected musicality, bringing the Holy sounds of her Baptist upbringing closer to the secularized lyrics of folk hero Paul Simon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her extraordinary live performances of this track which she first performed on the Grammys telecast in 1971, Aretha Franklin \u003cem>becomes\u003c/em> a bridge, phantasmagorically elasticizing the wondrous instrument that is her vocal body across musical genres — soul, gospel, folk. Most remarkable was how she drew out the deep spiritual grooves of Simon’s “Bridge” in March of that year at concert promoter Bill Graham’s Fillmore West, a rock and roll palace where Hendrix’s psychedelia and Grateful Dead jam band bacchanalia had been flourishing since 1968. Resplendent in her flowing, earth-toned gown and a supremely Haight-Ashbury slouchy hat, she took a seat at the piano and became the first African-American woman artist to headline a concert event at the venue, home of the “long hairs” as some would refer to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”NP2k2sRmZaUEykroiK5ox8yGTnIQTXN5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The journey that Aretha takes us on this song is one in which she wraps her arms around an ode to deeply enduring friendship and solidarity in times of trial. This was a moment too in which she also tapped into the traces of songwriter Paul Simon’s love of gospel greats the Swan Silvertones and their own re-reading of the spiritual “Mary Don’t You Weep,” itself a tune that folds together Old and New Testament tales of exodus and re-birth. It was a tale she surely knew well, as the daughter of legendary preacher C.L. Franklin, and she invoked all that knowledge to mine the “Bridge” for its many cultural and spiritual resonances. Along the way, just as she did with Otis Redding’s “Respect,” she made it all her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like fellow Detroiter Diana Ross, Aretha makes a bid to “reach out and touch somebody’s hand” across an ocean of ardent, colorful tie-dye clad fans. And in doing so, those Fillmore West performances — released just a few months later as her second live album — became instantly historic in that they assert the multiracial and cross-gender possibilities of early 1970s rock and roll counterculture that so often went unrealized. As she stretches herself out in the lyrics of the song, the Queen laid the ground for making deep well statements about the politics of trust and coalition building in the face of historical uncertainty, as black liberation changed its pace and tenor, as the anti-war effort grew evermore dire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over three sold out nights, Aretha Franklin would play in the round with King Curtis and the Kingpins, one of the tightest rhythm sections other than James Brown’s JBs, setting off each evening on her own distinct version of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Bridge Over Troubled Water,” a song that marked what turned out to be a crucial period of her transformation as a musician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/7IExZv-mgrw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Go ahead ‘Retha!” The adoring crowd embraces Aretha the vocalist and pianist as she hails her powerhouse band, a group featuring late great Curtis Ousley on saxophone and the convivial Billy Preston sitting in as guest player at the organ. “Play Billy!” Aretha calls out to her fellow musician as her incandescent cover slowly unfolds, as she wades ever so gracefully into still waters that run deep, as she moves gently and yet fearlessly into the center of Preston’s thick, bright, atmospheric keyboard universe flanked by her backup singers, the Sweethearts of Soul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aretha’s vocals radiate with the effulgent heat and the ethereal energy of the gospel tradition as she worries lines, improvises impassioned moans and carefully, elegantly puts to use a thing called the melisma, the artful, spiritually-rooted technique of stringing a series of notes together in one syllable so as to stretch out one’s vocal phrasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanging on words, pulling out phrases and turning them over and over so as to wring them for multiple meanings, Aretha here lets us know, without breaking a sweat, that she is still the innovator who birthed a brand of soul music that made spectacularly audible existential and spiritual self-discovery and affirmation, all at the site of her virtuosic vocalization. The philosophical intelligence of her musical phrasing and narrative interpretation set a new standard of excellence in pop music.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“When you’re down and out / When you look up and see yourself on the street / When evening falls so hard / I’ll be there to comfort you / I’ll take your part / I’ll take it when darkness comes / And there’s no one you love around.”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aretha the conduit. Aretha the medium. Aretha the surrogate figure for the masses. She was, especially at this point in her career, between 1971-1973 (called by critics, her “artistically mature period”), a kind of performer who was able to “shap[e] her intimacies with the skill of a dramatist,” as Ann Powers has beautifully put it. Like a great “method actor” who slips into the specific landscape of a particular song to fully inhabit it, Aretha both disappears into the emotional terrain of her “bridge” and unveils a protagonist who expresses herself in the most intense emotive registers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“Don’t trouble the water… Why don’t ya just let it be”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes, there are rumors that Simon wrote “Bridge Over Troubled Water” “for Aretha” or “with Aretha in mind.” All speculation, but certainly we can hear the ways that the song would operate as a crossroads in her career, a prescient recording that would forecast her historic transition, her own personal and professional bridge from pop superstardom \u003cem>back\u003c/em> to fully immersing herself in the music of the church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bridge Over Troubled Water” is, after all, a gateway song — not simply a cover of a gorgeously wrought proclamation of harmony, intimacy and understanding shared between two New York City folkies — but a song that reaches back to a gospel classic which, in turn, draws its inspiration from the Bible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/lMvFKpqnsWU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen carefully to the Swan Silvertones’ classic version of “Mary Don’t You Weep,” and one hears the famous line that would inspire Paul Simon to write a song about a bridge as wells as the seeds from Exodus that inspired that line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary Don’t You Weep” gives us the story, from the Gospel of John, of Mary of Bethany, a woman who, along with her sister Martha, mourns over the death of her brother Lazarus. When Jesus arrives at their house, he meets with both sisters. Before raising their brother to new life, he instructs Martha to draw on hope and faith. To Mary he offers added counsel and addresses her tears: “When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come along with her also weeping, he was deeply moved in spirit and troubled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So sing the Swan Silvertones: \u003cem>“Oh Mary don’t you weep. Tell Martha not to moan.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary Don’t You Weep” started out as a Negro spiritual, entrusted in the 20th century to the likes of the Fisk Jubilee Singers to deliver the Good Word to the segregated masses, and it is a song that has subsequently been picked up by artists as varied as Pete Seeger, Nat King Cole, Bruce Springsteen, Aaron Neville and Take 6 throughout the 20th century .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Aaron Cohen points out in his book on Aretha’s \u003cem>Amazing Grace\u003c/em>, the version that would seemingly have the most overt impact on her is the 1958 recording \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5UDBf9Q2bc\">by The Caravans\u003c/a>, the phenomenally influential gospel group of the ’50s and ’60s, founded by Albertine Walker and a launching pad for a run of future superstars of the genre: Shirley Caesar, James Cleveland and Inez Andrews to name but a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Swan Silvertones’ version from 1959 is the only one that features the marvelous lead singer Claude Jeter’s forthright interpolation: “I’ll be a bridge over deep water if you trust in my name.” It was a line that would stick with Paul Simon and one with roots to the greatest escape tale of all time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sings Jeter, \u003cem>“Pharoah’s Army got drowned in the sea, but Jesus said Mary, your little sister Martha don’t have to moan …. Now can I get a witness.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Swan Silvertones version of “Mary Don’t You Weep” folds into its musical story the narrative of Exodus, one of the most famous passages in all of the Bible — when Moses, led by the Lord, saw the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary Don’t You Weep” bridges this holy miracle into the story of Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead in the Gospel of John. In doing so, it is a song that testifies to the wonder of heavenly power to comfort, to protect and to revive mortal souls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“I’ll be a bridge over deep water if you trust in my name.” \u003c/em>Jeter’s line recalls the second half of the Exodus passage when the Israelites traveled for three days, battling heat and sun, thirsting for water. With their faith tested, as the tale goes, the “people grumbled against Moses, saying, ‘What are we to drink?’ And the Lord turned bitter water into the sweetest of drink, assuring the people that ‘I am the LORD, who heals you.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people remember this passage from Exodus (with or without the Cecil B. DeMille special effects from the \u003cem>Ten Commandments \u003c/em>film) because of the way that it so spectacularly showcases the might and power of the Almighty, bringing the waters of the Red Sea over Pharaoh’s army, turning bitter water into the sweetest of drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oft-overlooked yet just as crucial to the Israelites deliverance are the women on hand who witness and musically testify to the extraordinary turn of events in their midst:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister, took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women followed her, with tambourines and dancing. Miriam sang to them: ‘Sing to the LORD, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its rider he has hurled into the sea.'”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Like a bridge, Miriam and the women repeat in song this hallowed flight to freedom. With a “joyful noise,” their voices reanimate the “rock on which Moses stood” to “lead the Hebrew children through.” They are the ones who, like those sisters at the close of Toni Morrison’s \u003cem>Beloved\u003c/em>, “buil[d] voice upon voice until they found it, and when they did it was a wave of sound wide enough to sound deep water and knock the pods off chestnut trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We might think of how Aretha picks up the frequency of Claude Jeter singing “I’ll be your bridge over deep water if you trust my name,” so crystal clear that Paul Simon can hear his truth. And it’s she who can hear Miriam and the women’s truth as well as they amplify it, sustain it, make it manifest using “the right combination, the key, the code….”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aretha the code breaker sings through this history, and she also ultimately re-centers that history in a legacy of black women’s agency and conviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Cohen reminds, it is Inez Andrews’ “bluesy vamp and original sermonette about Lazarus rising from the tune” in The Caravans’ version of “Mary Don’t You Weep” that Aretha would potently bring to life during the historic \u003cem>Grace\u003c/em> recordings at New Temple Missionary Baptist Church, some nine months after her Fillmore concerts. In that epic, earth-shaking performance, we hear the voice of a black woman actively folding together into one the sacred, secular and sonic histories of the black radical tradition and reminding us of the woman-centered foundations of that tradition. On “Mary,” Aretha follows the road that she’d set for herself on a bridge and carries the congregation through the storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/KA84TNAGWJM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is paradigmatic soul at the apex of masterful storytelling. Worth recognizing then, that if in soul performance the very of-this-earth James Brown would make famous the line “take it to the bridge” — an emphatic way of egging his band on and signaling his own virtuosic ability to carry a song from the verse to the chorus to the climax — if in these moments James Brown was announcing his gift of stamina, fierce performative determination, improvisation, and ingenuity, we hear all of this on Aretha Franklin’s \u003cem>Amazing Grace\u003c/em> as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Aretha’s stunning performance of “Mary,” alone, we hear Motor City black Baptist royalty meeting New York City Jewish folkie Simon, and we hear Simon meeting Kentucky-born coal miner turned gospel great Jeter. We hear her carrying both men back to Alabama gospel role model Inez Andrews in song, melding together the spiritual and the worldly, Old and New Testament tales of perseverance and faith. We hear her responding to the call made by Miriam, summoning those old school Biblical women’s sonic circuits of energy, and channeling and translating Inez and Paul and Claude.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“I’ll be your bridge over deep water if you trust my name.”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The larger lesson for me in that tiny verse in \u003cem>Exodus\u003c/em> and its various rippling echoes in The Caravans and the Swan Silvertones’ versions of “Mary,” rolling on through Aretha’s “Bridge” and on into her own \u003cem>Amazing Grace\u003c/em> performance is that Aretha Franklin is calling out to us to respond and bear witness to the foundations of her soul music revolution. Her music will forever hold the potential to bring the richest array of peoples together in a kind of humanist collectivity that, at its core, celebrates the sound of black womanhood as a site for radical social, spiritual and philosophical possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No time like now to take that bridge once more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Aretha%27s+Bridge&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If one way of understanding gospel music is to trace its emergence in the midst of the African-American Great Migration — from south to north, from rural areas to urban regions, from agrarian culture to industrialization, then so too can we hear Aretha Franklin traveling miles and miles in her luminous cover of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Bridge Over Troubled Water.” With each magnetic pass that she took through this song, we can hear Queen Re mediating the gospel space between traditional spirituals and blues-inflected musicality, bringing the Holy sounds of her Baptist upbringing closer to the secularized lyrics of folk hero Paul Simon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her extraordinary live performances of this track which she first performed on the Grammys telecast in 1971, Aretha Franklin \u003cem>becomes\u003c/em> a bridge, phantasmagorically elasticizing the wondrous instrument that is her vocal body across musical genres — soul, gospel, folk. Most remarkable was how she drew out the deep spiritual grooves of Simon’s “Bridge” in March of that year at concert promoter Bill Graham’s Fillmore West, a rock and roll palace where Hendrix’s psychedelia and Grateful Dead jam band bacchanalia had been flourishing since 1968. Resplendent in her flowing, earth-toned gown and a supremely Haight-Ashbury slouchy hat, she took a seat at the piano and became the first African-American woman artist to headline a concert event at the venue, home of the “long hairs” as some would refer to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The journey that Aretha takes us on this song is one in which she wraps her arms around an ode to deeply enduring friendship and solidarity in times of trial. This was a moment too in which she also tapped into the traces of songwriter Paul Simon’s love of gospel greats the Swan Silvertones and their own re-reading of the spiritual “Mary Don’t You Weep,” itself a tune that folds together Old and New Testament tales of exodus and re-birth. It was a tale she surely knew well, as the daughter of legendary preacher C.L. Franklin, and she invoked all that knowledge to mine the “Bridge” for its many cultural and spiritual resonances. Along the way, just as she did with Otis Redding’s “Respect,” she made it all her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like fellow Detroiter Diana Ross, Aretha makes a bid to “reach out and touch somebody’s hand” across an ocean of ardent, colorful tie-dye clad fans. And in doing so, those Fillmore West performances — released just a few months later as her second live album — became instantly historic in that they assert the multiracial and cross-gender possibilities of early 1970s rock and roll counterculture that so often went unrealized. As she stretches herself out in the lyrics of the song, the Queen laid the ground for making deep well statements about the politics of trust and coalition building in the face of historical uncertainty, as black liberation changed its pace and tenor, as the anti-war effort grew evermore dire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over three sold out nights, Aretha Franklin would play in the round with King Curtis and the Kingpins, one of the tightest rhythm sections other than James Brown’s JBs, setting off each evening on her own distinct version of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Bridge Over Troubled Water,” a song that marked what turned out to be a crucial period of her transformation as a musician.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7IExZv-mgrw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7IExZv-mgrw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“Go ahead ‘Retha!” The adoring crowd embraces Aretha the vocalist and pianist as she hails her powerhouse band, a group featuring late great Curtis Ousley on saxophone and the convivial Billy Preston sitting in as guest player at the organ. “Play Billy!” Aretha calls out to her fellow musician as her incandescent cover slowly unfolds, as she wades ever so gracefully into still waters that run deep, as she moves gently and yet fearlessly into the center of Preston’s thick, bright, atmospheric keyboard universe flanked by her backup singers, the Sweethearts of Soul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aretha’s vocals radiate with the effulgent heat and the ethereal energy of the gospel tradition as she worries lines, improvises impassioned moans and carefully, elegantly puts to use a thing called the melisma, the artful, spiritually-rooted technique of stringing a series of notes together in one syllable so as to stretch out one’s vocal phrasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanging on words, pulling out phrases and turning them over and over so as to wring them for multiple meanings, Aretha here lets us know, without breaking a sweat, that she is still the innovator who birthed a brand of soul music that made spectacularly audible existential and spiritual self-discovery and affirmation, all at the site of her virtuosic vocalization. The philosophical intelligence of her musical phrasing and narrative interpretation set a new standard of excellence in pop music.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“When you’re down and out / When you look up and see yourself on the street / When evening falls so hard / I’ll be there to comfort you / I’ll take your part / I’ll take it when darkness comes / And there’s no one you love around.”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aretha the conduit. Aretha the medium. Aretha the surrogate figure for the masses. She was, especially at this point in her career, between 1971-1973 (called by critics, her “artistically mature period”), a kind of performer who was able to “shap[e] her intimacies with the skill of a dramatist,” as Ann Powers has beautifully put it. Like a great “method actor” who slips into the specific landscape of a particular song to fully inhabit it, Aretha both disappears into the emotional terrain of her “bridge” and unveils a protagonist who expresses herself in the most intense emotive registers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“Don’t trouble the water… Why don’t ya just let it be”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes, there are rumors that Simon wrote “Bridge Over Troubled Water” “for Aretha” or “with Aretha in mind.” All speculation, but certainly we can hear the ways that the song would operate as a crossroads in her career, a prescient recording that would forecast her historic transition, her own personal and professional bridge from pop superstardom \u003cem>back\u003c/em> to fully immersing herself in the music of the church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bridge Over Troubled Water” is, after all, a gateway song — not simply a cover of a gorgeously wrought proclamation of harmony, intimacy and understanding shared between two New York City folkies — but a song that reaches back to a gospel classic which, in turn, draws its inspiration from the Bible.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/lMvFKpqnsWU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/lMvFKpqnsWU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Listen carefully to the Swan Silvertones’ classic version of “Mary Don’t You Weep,” and one hears the famous line that would inspire Paul Simon to write a song about a bridge as wells as the seeds from Exodus that inspired that line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary Don’t You Weep” gives us the story, from the Gospel of John, of Mary of Bethany, a woman who, along with her sister Martha, mourns over the death of her brother Lazarus. When Jesus arrives at their house, he meets with both sisters. Before raising their brother to new life, he instructs Martha to draw on hope and faith. To Mary he offers added counsel and addresses her tears: “When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come along with her also weeping, he was deeply moved in spirit and troubled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So sing the Swan Silvertones: \u003cem>“Oh Mary don’t you weep. Tell Martha not to moan.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary Don’t You Weep” started out as a Negro spiritual, entrusted in the 20th century to the likes of the Fisk Jubilee Singers to deliver the Good Word to the segregated masses, and it is a song that has subsequently been picked up by artists as varied as Pete Seeger, Nat King Cole, Bruce Springsteen, Aaron Neville and Take 6 throughout the 20th century .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Aaron Cohen points out in his book on Aretha’s \u003cem>Amazing Grace\u003c/em>, the version that would seemingly have the most overt impact on her is the 1958 recording \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5UDBf9Q2bc\">by The Caravans\u003c/a>, the phenomenally influential gospel group of the ’50s and ’60s, founded by Albertine Walker and a launching pad for a run of future superstars of the genre: Shirley Caesar, James Cleveland and Inez Andrews to name but a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Swan Silvertones’ version from 1959 is the only one that features the marvelous lead singer Claude Jeter’s forthright interpolation: “I’ll be a bridge over deep water if you trust in my name.” It was a line that would stick with Paul Simon and one with roots to the greatest escape tale of all time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sings Jeter, \u003cem>“Pharoah’s Army got drowned in the sea, but Jesus said Mary, your little sister Martha don’t have to moan …. Now can I get a witness.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Swan Silvertones version of “Mary Don’t You Weep” folds into its musical story the narrative of Exodus, one of the most famous passages in all of the Bible — when Moses, led by the Lord, saw the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary Don’t You Weep” bridges this holy miracle into the story of Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead in the Gospel of John. In doing so, it is a song that testifies to the wonder of heavenly power to comfort, to protect and to revive mortal souls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“I’ll be a bridge over deep water if you trust in my name.” \u003c/em>Jeter’s line recalls the second half of the Exodus passage when the Israelites traveled for three days, battling heat and sun, thirsting for water. With their faith tested, as the tale goes, the “people grumbled against Moses, saying, ‘What are we to drink?’ And the Lord turned bitter water into the sweetest of drink, assuring the people that ‘I am the LORD, who heals you.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people remember this passage from Exodus (with or without the Cecil B. DeMille special effects from the \u003cem>Ten Commandments \u003c/em>film) because of the way that it so spectacularly showcases the might and power of the Almighty, bringing the waters of the Red Sea over Pharaoh’s army, turning bitter water into the sweetest of drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oft-overlooked yet just as crucial to the Israelites deliverance are the women on hand who witness and musically testify to the extraordinary turn of events in their midst:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister, took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women followed her, with tambourines and dancing. Miriam sang to them: ‘Sing to the LORD, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its rider he has hurled into the sea.'”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Like a bridge, Miriam and the women repeat in song this hallowed flight to freedom. With a “joyful noise,” their voices reanimate the “rock on which Moses stood” to “lead the Hebrew children through.” They are the ones who, like those sisters at the close of Toni Morrison’s \u003cem>Beloved\u003c/em>, “buil[d] voice upon voice until they found it, and when they did it was a wave of sound wide enough to sound deep water and knock the pods off chestnut trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We might think of how Aretha picks up the frequency of Claude Jeter singing “I’ll be your bridge over deep water if you trust my name,” so crystal clear that Paul Simon can hear his truth. And it’s she who can hear Miriam and the women’s truth as well as they amplify it, sustain it, make it manifest using “the right combination, the key, the code….”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aretha the code breaker sings through this history, and she also ultimately re-centers that history in a legacy of black women’s agency and conviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Cohen reminds, it is Inez Andrews’ “bluesy vamp and original sermonette about Lazarus rising from the tune” in The Caravans’ version of “Mary Don’t You Weep” that Aretha would potently bring to life during the historic \u003cem>Grace\u003c/em> recordings at New Temple Missionary Baptist Church, some nine months after her Fillmore concerts. In that epic, earth-shaking performance, we hear the voice of a black woman actively folding together into one the sacred, secular and sonic histories of the black radical tradition and reminding us of the woman-centered foundations of that tradition. On “Mary,” Aretha follows the road that she’d set for herself on a bridge and carries the congregation through the storm.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/KA84TNAGWJM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/KA84TNAGWJM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>This is paradigmatic soul at the apex of masterful storytelling. Worth recognizing then, that if in soul performance the very of-this-earth James Brown would make famous the line “take it to the bridge” — an emphatic way of egging his band on and signaling his own virtuosic ability to carry a song from the verse to the chorus to the climax — if in these moments James Brown was announcing his gift of stamina, fierce performative determination, improvisation, and ingenuity, we hear all of this on Aretha Franklin’s \u003cem>Amazing Grace\u003c/em> as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Aretha’s stunning performance of “Mary,” alone, we hear Motor City black Baptist royalty meeting New York City Jewish folkie Simon, and we hear Simon meeting Kentucky-born coal miner turned gospel great Jeter. We hear her carrying both men back to Alabama gospel role model Inez Andrews in song, melding together the spiritual and the worldly, Old and New Testament tales of perseverance and faith. We hear her responding to the call made by Miriam, summoning those old school Biblical women’s sonic circuits of energy, and channeling and translating Inez and Paul and Claude.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>“I’ll be your bridge over deep water if you trust my name.”\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The larger lesson for me in that tiny verse in \u003cem>Exodus\u003c/em> and its various rippling echoes in The Caravans and the Swan Silvertones’ versions of “Mary,” rolling on through Aretha’s “Bridge” and on into her own \u003cem>Amazing Grace\u003c/em> performance is that Aretha Franklin is calling out to us to respond and bear witness to the foundations of her soul music revolution. Her music will forever hold the potential to bring the richest array of peoples together in a kind of humanist collectivity that, at its core, celebrates the sound of black womanhood as a site for radical social, spiritual and philosophical possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No time like now to take that bridge once more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Aretha%27s+Bridge&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oscar Grant’s death on Jan. 1, 2009 forever shifted the discourse surrounding police brutality, catalyzing a nationwide movement for racial justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To mark the 10th anniversary of his death, we want to hear from you. Through the first week of January, KQED Arts will provide a platform for respectful reflection. We invite you to share how Oscar Grant’s life—and death—impacted your life, changed your perspective, your family and your community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did it affect your views on law enforcement? What changes do you wish had come as a result of the shooting? Did it inspire you to take action?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We invite you to share your reflections by writing a message to Oscar Grant, whether it’s just a sentence or a full letter. If you could tell him anything 10 years after his death, what would you say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read a sample letter from KQED Arts’ Pendarvis Harshaw \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2018/12/19/a-letter-to-oscar-grant/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s how:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Address your message with “Dear Oscar Grant” using the form below (it’s also accessible here: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/DearOscarGrantForm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bit.ly/DearOscarGrantForm\u003c/a>).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Leave a voicemail or text your thoughts to our private KQED hotline at (510) 853-9328, with your message, name and city.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr />\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdkqTVTSTztTgY_qo1elUCyT3sk4G7KFNz0z_MCbZVakfEq8w/viewform?embedded=true\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" 0=\"marginwidth="0">Loading...</iframe\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Privacy notice:\u003c/strong> KQED is gathering these stories for our reporting and Oscar’s family, and will not share your information with third parties. Your contact information will not be published, but we may contact you to expand your response into an audio segment or story. We may also feature your reflections on KQED’s website, social media or air. By submitting, you give KQED permission to edit your letter for clarity and length. Contributors must be over the age of 13. We welcome responses from youth ages 13–18, but they will require parent and/or teacher permission.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oscar Grant’s death on Jan. 1, 2009 forever shifted the discourse surrounding police brutality, catalyzing a nationwide movement for racial justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To mark the 10th anniversary of his death, we want to hear from you. Through the first week of January, KQED Arts will provide a platform for respectful reflection. We invite you to share how Oscar Grant’s life—and death—impacted your life, changed your perspective, your family and your community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did it affect your views on law enforcement? What changes do you wish had come as a result of the shooting? Did it inspire you to take action?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We invite you to share your reflections by writing a message to Oscar Grant, whether it’s just a sentence or a full letter. If you could tell him anything 10 years after his death, what would you say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read a sample letter from KQED Arts’ Pendarvis Harshaw \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2018/12/19/a-letter-to-oscar-grant/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s how:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Address your message with “Dear Oscar Grant” using the form below (it’s also accessible here: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/DearOscarGrantForm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bit.ly/DearOscarGrantForm\u003c/a>).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Leave a voicemail or text your thoughts to our private KQED hotline at (510) 853-9328, with your message, name and city.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr />\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdkqTVTSTztTgY_qo1elUCyT3sk4G7KFNz0z_MCbZVakfEq8w/viewform?embedded=true\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" 0=\"marginwidth="0">Loading...</iframe\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Privacy notice:\u003c/strong> KQED is gathering these stories for our reporting and Oscar’s family, and will not share your information with third parties. Your contact information will not be published, but we may contact you to expand your response into an audio segment or story. We may also feature your reflections on KQED’s website, social media or air. By submitting, you give KQED permission to edit your letter for clarity and length. Contributors must be over the age of 13. We welcome responses from youth ages 13–18, but they will require parent and/or teacher permission.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>Oscar Grant’s death on Jan. 1, 2009 forever shifted the discourse surrounding police brutality, catalyzing a nationwide movement for racial justice. Below is a letter to Oscar from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ogpenn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pendarvis Harshaw\u003c/a>, KQED Arts columnist. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2018/12/19/dear-oscar-grant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Click here\u003c/a> to add your own reflection.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dear Oscar Grant,\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peace bro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significance of your life isn’t lost on me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You were a human. A son, father and nephew. And unfortunately, a casualty of an American war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filed under police brutality somewhere between Rodney King and Mike Brown, your story stood out because social media carried the cell phone footage of you getting gunned down on a platform by a guy in uniform—by far not the first of its form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something that we all knew went on, but seeing the visual… man, the visual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I saw it 10 years ago, and if I never saw it again, I’d still never forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s disgusting that your life, as well as the lives of so many others before you and after you, were cut short by law enforcement officials of all sorts. A decade later and little, if anything, has changed—including my reverence for your story. It’s a significant piece of this dark and twisted thing we call American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>P.\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>Oscar Grant’s death on Jan. 1, 2009 forever shifted the discourse surrounding police brutality, catalyzing a nationwide movement for racial justice. Below is a letter to Oscar from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ogpenn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pendarvis Harshaw\u003c/a>, KQED Arts columnist. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2018/12/19/dear-oscar-grant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Click here\u003c/a> to add your own reflection.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dear Oscar Grant,\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peace bro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significance of your life isn’t lost on me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You were a human. A son, father and nephew. And unfortunately, a casualty of an American war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filed under police brutality somewhere between Rodney King and Mike Brown, your story stood out because social media carried the cell phone footage of you getting gunned down on a platform by a guy in uniform—by far not the first of its form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something that we all knew went on, but seeing the visual… man, the visual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I saw it 10 years ago, and if I never saw it again, I’d still never forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s disgusting that your life, as well as the lives of so many others before you and after you, were cut short by law enforcement officials of all sorts. A decade later and little, if anything, has changed—including my reverence for your story. It’s a significant piece of this dark and twisted thing we call American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>P.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:58 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penny Marshall, who became a household name as Laverne in the TV sitcom \u003cem>Laverne & Shirley\u003c/em> and went on to direct several popular movies, has died at the age of 75.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall died Monday night at her Los Angeles home from complications of diabetes, family publicist Michelle Bega tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early ’70s, Marshall got her start on shows like \u003cem>The Odd Couple\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The Bob Newhart Show\u003c/em>. She built her fame co-starring with Cindy Williams in \u003cem>Laverne & Shirley\u003c/em>, the popular sitcom created by her older brother, Garry Marshall (as was \u003cem>The Odd Couple\u003c/em>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Happy Days\u003c/em> spinoff series was also where she began her directing career, directing several episodes of the show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late ’80s, Marshall made the leap from small-screen actress to big-screen director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She directed \u003cem>Big\u003c/em>, starring Tom Hanks as a boy in a man’s body, and \u003cem>A League of Their Own\u003c/em>, based on the true story of a professional women’s baseball league in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as now, film directing was a male-dominated field. In 1992, NPR reported that women made up just 10 percent of the membership of the Directors Guild, even as successful movies like Marshall’s drew attention—\u003cem>Big\u003c/em> was the first film from a female director to top $100 million at the box office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director Ava DuVernay remembered Marshall on Twitter on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ava/status/1075107218758918144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thanking her\u003c/a> “for the trails you blazed. The laughs you gave. The hearts you warmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the body that awards the Oscars, also \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TheAcademy/status/1075113129388822528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">remembered\u003c/a> Marshall on Twitter, calling her “one of the greats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In life, Marshall was \u003ca href=\"https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-losers-penny-marshall-should-have-won-an-oscar-da16c3f2bec0/\">never nominated for an Oscar\u003c/a>—not even when her film \u003cem>Awakenings\u003c/em> was in the running for Best Picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall’s work on \u003cem>Laverne & Shirley\u003c/em> was also never recognized with an Emmy nomination, as The Hollywood Reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/penny-marshall-dead-laverne-shirley-star-75-686405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notes with astonishment.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Penny+Marshall%2C+Filmmaker+And+%27Laverne+%26+Shirley%27+Star%2C+Dies+At+75&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:58 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penny Marshall, who became a household name as Laverne in the TV sitcom \u003cem>Laverne & Shirley\u003c/em> and went on to direct several popular movies, has died at the age of 75.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall died Monday night at her Los Angeles home from complications of diabetes, family publicist Michelle Bega tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early ’70s, Marshall got her start on shows like \u003cem>The Odd Couple\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The Bob Newhart Show\u003c/em>. She built her fame co-starring with Cindy Williams in \u003cem>Laverne & Shirley\u003c/em>, the popular sitcom created by her older brother, Garry Marshall (as was \u003cem>The Odd Couple\u003c/em>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Happy Days\u003c/em> spinoff series was also where she began her directing career, directing several episodes of the show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late ’80s, Marshall made the leap from small-screen actress to big-screen director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She directed \u003cem>Big\u003c/em>, starring Tom Hanks as a boy in a man’s body, and \u003cem>A League of Their Own\u003c/em>, based on the true story of a professional women’s baseball league in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as now, film directing was a male-dominated field. In 1992, NPR reported that women made up just 10 percent of the membership of the Directors Guild, even as successful movies like Marshall’s drew attention—\u003cem>Big\u003c/em> was the first film from a female director to top $100 million at the box office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director Ava DuVernay remembered Marshall on Twitter on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ava/status/1075107218758918144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thanking her\u003c/a> “for the trails you blazed. The laughs you gave. The hearts you warmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the body that awards the Oscars, also \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TheAcademy/status/1075113129388822528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">remembered\u003c/a> Marshall on Twitter, calling her “one of the greats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In life, Marshall was \u003ca href=\"https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-losers-penny-marshall-should-have-won-an-oscar-da16c3f2bec0/\">never nominated for an Oscar\u003c/a>—not even when her film \u003cem>Awakenings\u003c/em> was in the running for Best Picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall’s work on \u003cem>Laverne & Shirley\u003c/em> was also never recognized with an Emmy nomination, as The Hollywood Reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/penny-marshall-dead-laverne-shirley-star-75-686405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notes with astonishment.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Penny+Marshall%2C+Filmmaker+And+%27Laverne+%26+Shirley%27+Star%2C+Dies+At+75&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Stephen Hillenburg, who created SpongeBob SquarePants and the absurd undersea world he inhabited, has died at age 57, Nickelodeon announced Tuesday. Hillenburg died Monday of Lou Gehrig’s disease, also known as ALS, the cable network said in a statement. He was 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hillenburg had announced he had the disease in March 2017. His death comes just weeks after the passing of another cartoon hero in Marvel creator Stan Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oklahoma native with a love of both drawing and marine biology, Hillenburg conceived, wrote, produced and directed the animated series that began in 1999 and went on to spawn hundreds of episodes, movies and a Broadway show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a beloved friend and long-time creative partner to everyone at Nickelodeon, and our hearts go out to his entire family,” Nickelodeon’s statement said. “Steve imbued ‘SpongeBob SquarePants’ with a unique sense of humor and innocence that has brought joy to generations of kids and families everywhere. His utterly original characters and the world of Bikini Bottom will long stand as a reminder of the value of optimism, friendship and the limitless power of imagination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The absurdly jolly SpongeBob, his starfish sidekick Patrick, and a vast cast of oceanic creatures quickly appealed to college kids and parents as much as it did kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that it’s undersea and isolated from our world helps the characters maintain their own culture,” Hillenburg told The Associated Press in 2001. “The essence of the show is that SpongeBob is an innocent in a world of jaded characters. The rest is absurd packaging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born at his father’s army post in Lawton, Oklahoma, Hillenburg graduated from Humboldt State University in California in 1984 with a degree in natural resource planning with an emphasis on marine resources, and went on to teach marine biology at the Orange County Marine Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shifted to drawing and earned a master of fine arts degree in animation from the California Institute of the Arts in 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same year he created an animated short called “Wormholes” that won festival plaudits and helped land him a job on the Nickelodeon show “Rocko’s Modern Life,” where he worked from 1993 to 1996 before he began to build SpongeBob’s undersea world of Bikini Bottom, which showed off his knowledge of marine life and willingness to throw all the details out the window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that fish don’t walk,” he told the AP, “and that there is no organized community with roads, where cars are really boats. And if you know much about sponges, you know that living sponges aren’t square.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The show was an immediate hit that has lost no momentum in the nearly 20 years since its creation. Its nearly 250 episodes have won four Emmys and 15 Kids Choice Awards, and led to an endless line of merchandise to rival any other pop cultural phenomenon of the 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, the show shifted to the big screen with “The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie” and a 2015 sequel, “The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A musical stage adaptation bowed on Broadway in 2017, with music from such stars as Steven Tyler, Sara Bareilles and John Legend. It earned 12 Tony Award nominations, including one for best performance by a leading actor for Ethan Slater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am heartbroken to hear of the passing of Stephen Hillenburg,” Slater said in an email Tuesday. “Through working on ‘SpongeBob,’ I got to know him not only as a creative genius, but as a truly generous and kind person. He warmly embraced us on Broadway as the newest members of his wonderful ‘SpongeBob’ family, and made it so clear from the get-go why he is so beloved: genuine kindness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hillenburg is survived by his wife of 20 years Karen Hillenburg, son Clay, mother Nancy Hillenburg, and a brother, Brian Kelly Hillenburg.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Stephen Hillenburg, who created SpongeBob SquarePants and the absurd undersea world he inhabited, has died at age 57, Nickelodeon announced Tuesday. Hillenburg died Monday of Lou Gehrig’s disease, also known as ALS, the cable network said in a statement. He was 57.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hillenburg had announced he had the disease in March 2017. His death comes just weeks after the passing of another cartoon hero in Marvel creator Stan Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oklahoma native with a love of both drawing and marine biology, Hillenburg conceived, wrote, produced and directed the animated series that began in 1999 and went on to spawn hundreds of episodes, movies and a Broadway show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a beloved friend and long-time creative partner to everyone at Nickelodeon, and our hearts go out to his entire family,” Nickelodeon’s statement said. “Steve imbued ‘SpongeBob SquarePants’ with a unique sense of humor and innocence that has brought joy to generations of kids and families everywhere. His utterly original characters and the world of Bikini Bottom will long stand as a reminder of the value of optimism, friendship and the limitless power of imagination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The absurdly jolly SpongeBob, his starfish sidekick Patrick, and a vast cast of oceanic creatures quickly appealed to college kids and parents as much as it did kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that it’s undersea and isolated from our world helps the characters maintain their own culture,” Hillenburg told The Associated Press in 2001. “The essence of the show is that SpongeBob is an innocent in a world of jaded characters. The rest is absurd packaging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born at his father’s army post in Lawton, Oklahoma, Hillenburg graduated from Humboldt State University in California in 1984 with a degree in natural resource planning with an emphasis on marine resources, and went on to teach marine biology at the Orange County Marine Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shifted to drawing and earned a master of fine arts degree in animation from the California Institute of the Arts in 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same year he created an animated short called “Wormholes” that won festival plaudits and helped land him a job on the Nickelodeon show “Rocko’s Modern Life,” where he worked from 1993 to 1996 before he began to build SpongeBob’s undersea world of Bikini Bottom, which showed off his knowledge of marine life and willingness to throw all the details out the window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that fish don’t walk,” he told the AP, “and that there is no organized community with roads, where cars are really boats. And if you know much about sponges, you know that living sponges aren’t square.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The show was an immediate hit that has lost no momentum in the nearly 20 years since its creation. Its nearly 250 episodes have won four Emmys and 15 Kids Choice Awards, and led to an endless line of merchandise to rival any other pop cultural phenomenon of the 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, the show shifted to the big screen with “The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie” and a 2015 sequel, “The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A musical stage adaptation bowed on Broadway in 2017, with music from such stars as Steven Tyler, Sara Bareilles and John Legend. It earned 12 Tony Award nominations, including one for best performance by a leading actor for Ethan Slater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am heartbroken to hear of the passing of Stephen Hillenburg,” Slater said in an email Tuesday. “Through working on ‘SpongeBob,’ I got to know him not only as a creative genius, but as a truly generous and kind person. He warmly embraced us on Broadway as the newest members of his wonderful ‘SpongeBob’ family, and made it so clear from the get-go why he is so beloved: genuine kindness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hillenburg is survived by his wife of 20 years Karen Hillenburg, son Clay, mother Nancy Hillenburg, and a brother, Brian Kelly Hillenburg.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Comic Book Genius Stan Lee Dies at 95 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Stan Lee, the creative dynamo who revolutionized the comic book and helped make billions for Hollywood by introducing human frailties in superheroes such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four and the Incredible Hulk, died Monday. He was 95.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee was declared dead at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, according to Kirk Schenck, an attorney for Lee’s daughter, J.C. Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the top writer at Marvel Comics and later as its publisher, Lee was widely considered the architect of the contemporary comic book. He revived the industry in the 1960s by offering the costumes and action craved by younger readers while insisting on sophisticated plots, college-level dialogue, satire, science fiction, even philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions responded to the unlikely mix of realistic fantasy, and many of his characters, including Spider-Man, the Hulk and X-Men went on to become stars of blockbuster films. Recent projects he helped make possible range from the films \u003cem>Black Panther\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Doctor Strange\u003c/em> to such TV series as \u003cem>Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Guardians of the Galaxy\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everybody loves things that are bigger than life. … I think of them as fairy tales for grown-ups,” he told The Associated Press in a 2006 interview. “We all grew up with giants and ogres and witches. Well, you get a little bit older and you’re too old to read fairy tales. But I don’t think you ever outgrow your love for those kind of things, things that are bigger than life and magical and very imaginative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee considered the comic-book medium an art form and he was prolific: By some accounts, he came up with a new comic book every day for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wrote so many I don’t even know. I wrote either hundreds or thousands of them,” he told the AP in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hit his stride in the 1960s when he brought the Fantastic Four, the Hulk, Spider-Man, Iron Man and numerous others to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was like there was something in the air. I couldn’t do anything wrong,” he recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His heroes, meanwhile, were a far cry from virtuous do-gooders such as rival DC Comics’ Superman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fantastic Four fought with each other. Spider-Man was goaded into superhero work by his alter ego, Peter Parker, who suffered from unrequited crushes, money problems and dandruff. The Silver Surfer, an alien doomed to wander Earth’s atmosphere, waxed about the woeful nature of man. The Hulk was marked by self-loathing. Daredevil was blind and Iron Man had a weak heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The beauty of Stan Lee’s characters is that they were characters first and superheroes next,” Jeff Kline, executive producer of the \u003cem>Men in Black\u003c/em> animated television series, told The Blade of Toledo, Ohio, in 1998.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Lee’s creations became symbols of social change — the inner turmoil of Spider-Man represented ’60s America, for example, while The Black Panther and The Savage She-Hulk mirrored the travails of minorities and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee scripted most of Marvel’s superhero comics himself during the ’60s, including \u003cem>The Avengers\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>X-Men\u003c/em>, two of the most enduring. In 1972, he became Marvel’s publisher and editorial director; four years later, 72 million copies of \u003cem>Spider-Man\u003c/em> were sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s become our Mickey Mouse,” he once said of the masked, web-crawling crusader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee also published several books, including \u003cem>The Superhero Women\u003c/em> in 1977 and \u003cem>How to Draw Comics the Marvel Way\u003c/em> the following year, when he was named publisher of the year by the Periodical and Book Association of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBS turned the Hulk into a successful TV series, with Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno portraying the doomed scientist from 1978-82. A Spider-Man series ran briefly in 1978. Both characters were featured in animated TV series as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first big-budget movie based on Lee’s characters, \u003cem>X-Men\u003c/em>, was a smash in 2000, earning more than $130 million at North American theaters. \u003cem>Spider-Man\u003c/em> did even better, taking in more than $400 million in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Comic Book Genius Stan Lee Dies at 95",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Stan Lee, the creative dynamo who revolutionized the comic book and helped make billions for Hollywood by introducing human frailties in superheroes such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four and the Incredible Hulk, died Monday. He was 95.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee was declared dead at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, according to Kirk Schenck, an attorney for Lee’s daughter, J.C. Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the top writer at Marvel Comics and later as its publisher, Lee was widely considered the architect of the contemporary comic book. He revived the industry in the 1960s by offering the costumes and action craved by younger readers while insisting on sophisticated plots, college-level dialogue, satire, science fiction, even philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions responded to the unlikely mix of realistic fantasy, and many of his characters, including Spider-Man, the Hulk and X-Men went on to become stars of blockbuster films. Recent projects he helped make possible range from the films \u003cem>Black Panther\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Doctor Strange\u003c/em> to such TV series as \u003cem>Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Guardians of the Galaxy\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everybody loves things that are bigger than life. … I think of them as fairy tales for grown-ups,” he told The Associated Press in a 2006 interview. “We all grew up with giants and ogres and witches. Well, you get a little bit older and you’re too old to read fairy tales. But I don’t think you ever outgrow your love for those kind of things, things that are bigger than life and magical and very imaginative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee considered the comic-book medium an art form and he was prolific: By some accounts, he came up with a new comic book every day for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wrote so many I don’t even know. I wrote either hundreds or thousands of them,” he told the AP in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hit his stride in the 1960s when he brought the Fantastic Four, the Hulk, Spider-Man, Iron Man and numerous others to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was like there was something in the air. I couldn’t do anything wrong,” he recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His heroes, meanwhile, were a far cry from virtuous do-gooders such as rival DC Comics’ Superman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fantastic Four fought with each other. Spider-Man was goaded into superhero work by his alter ego, Peter Parker, who suffered from unrequited crushes, money problems and dandruff. The Silver Surfer, an alien doomed to wander Earth’s atmosphere, waxed about the woeful nature of man. The Hulk was marked by self-loathing. Daredevil was blind and Iron Man had a weak heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The beauty of Stan Lee’s characters is that they were characters first and superheroes next,” Jeff Kline, executive producer of the \u003cem>Men in Black\u003c/em> animated television series, told The Blade of Toledo, Ohio, in 1998.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Lee’s creations became symbols of social change — the inner turmoil of Spider-Man represented ’60s America, for example, while The Black Panther and The Savage She-Hulk mirrored the travails of minorities and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee scripted most of Marvel’s superhero comics himself during the ’60s, including \u003cem>The Avengers\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>X-Men\u003c/em>, two of the most enduring. In 1972, he became Marvel’s publisher and editorial director; four years later, 72 million copies of \u003cem>Spider-Man\u003c/em> were sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s become our Mickey Mouse,” he once said of the masked, web-crawling crusader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee also published several books, including \u003cem>The Superhero Women\u003c/em> in 1977 and \u003cem>How to Draw Comics the Marvel Way\u003c/em> the following year, when he was named publisher of the year by the Periodical and Book Association of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBS turned the Hulk into a successful TV series, with Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno portraying the doomed scientist from 1978-82. A Spider-Man series ran briefly in 1978. Both characters were featured in animated TV series as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first big-budget movie based on Lee’s characters, \u003cem>X-Men\u003c/em>, was a smash in 2000, earning more than $130 million at North American theaters. \u003cem>Spider-Man\u003c/em> did even better, taking in more than $400 million in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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