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"disqusTitle": "San Francisco Breast Cancer Advocates Jubilant Over Supreme Court Human Genes Ruling",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13262\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/06/RS5070_81147632-scr-620x377.jpg\" alt=\"(William West/AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"377\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(William West/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a unanimous decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Thursday morning that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/06/13/supreme-court-rules-human-genes-cannot-be-patented/\" target=\"_blank\">human genes are not patentable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-biotech-industry-braces-for-gene-patenting-court-case/\" target=\"_blank\">The case \u003c/a>centered around Myriad Genetics, the holder of patents on two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/12/breast-cancer-gene-mutations-at-heart-of-supreme-court-case/\" target=\"_blank\">Some mutations of these genes\u003c/a> are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. For women with a strong family history of these cancers, the only place they could be tested was Myriad Genetics, which sometimes charged more than $3,000 for the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast Cancer Action, an advocacy group based in San Francisco, was a plaintiff in the case, and executive director Karuna Jaggar sounded jubilant in a phone call Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From our perspective, these patents never should have been granted in the first place,\" Jaggar said. \"There's no question that DNA is a product of nature, and so it's very affirming to see the court rule in our favor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BRCA1 and 2 mutations became international news when actress \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/14/why-angelina-jolies-medical-choice-is-likely-not-yours/\" target=\"_blank\">Angelina Jolie\u003c/a> revealed that she'd had a preventive double mastectomy after testing showed that she had a specific mutation that put her at very high risk of developing breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast Cancer Action has long argued against the high cost of the test, and said that the patent gave an unfair monopoly to Myriad Genetics, which is located in Salt Lake City. With the court's ruling, Jaggar believes that more companies will be able to offer a test to women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They'll have access to new tests at lower costs and will have access to second opinions,\" Jaggar said. \"Currently Myriad offers the one and only test. It has not been peer reviewed; it has not been scientifically validated. New labs will now be able to offer new tests using new methodologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Myriad Genetics played down the magnitude of the decision, pointing to its 500 other valid patent claims as well as the BRCA test. The court upheld patent claims on what's known as synthetic DNA or \"cDNA.\" Synthetic DNA is man-made, not a \"product of nature,\" and is still patentable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe the Court appropriately upheld our claims on cDNA,\" Myriad's CEO Peter Meldrum said in a release, \"ensuring strong intellectual property protection for our BRACAnalysis test moving forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Breast Cancer Action insists the Supreme Court's decision opens the door to new options for women who worry about inherited risk of breast cancer. “Laboratories can conduct genetic testing without using cDNA and this means that Myriad no longer holds a monopoly on the BRCA genes,\" Jaggar said in a release this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 5 to 10 percent of women carry a BRCA1 or 2 mutation, according to the National Cancer Institute. Not all mutations are harmful, but some can be devastating. Angelina Jolie said that she had a mutation that put her at an 87 percent risk of breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn More:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-398_8njq.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read the decision: Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court ruled Thursday morning that human genes are not patentable.\r\n\r\nThe case centered around Myriad Genetics, the holder of patents on two genes, BRCA 1 and BRCA 2. Some mutations of these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. For women with a strong family history of these cancers, the only place they could be tested was Myriad Genetics, which sometimes charged more than $3,000 for the test.\r\n\r\nBreast Cancer Action, an advocacy group based in San Francisco, was a plaintiff in the case and executive director Karuna Jagger sounded jubilant in a phone call Thursday morning.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13262\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/06/RS5070_81147632-scr-620x377.jpg\" alt=\"(William West/AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"377\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(William West/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a unanimous decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Thursday morning that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/06/13/supreme-court-rules-human-genes-cannot-be-patented/\" target=\"_blank\">human genes are not patentable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-biotech-industry-braces-for-gene-patenting-court-case/\" target=\"_blank\">The case \u003c/a>centered around Myriad Genetics, the holder of patents on two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/12/breast-cancer-gene-mutations-at-heart-of-supreme-court-case/\" target=\"_blank\">Some mutations of these genes\u003c/a> are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. For women with a strong family history of these cancers, the only place they could be tested was Myriad Genetics, which sometimes charged more than $3,000 for the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast Cancer Action, an advocacy group based in San Francisco, was a plaintiff in the case, and executive director Karuna Jaggar sounded jubilant in a phone call Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From our perspective, these patents never should have been granted in the first place,\" Jaggar said. \"There's no question that DNA is a product of nature, and so it's very affirming to see the court rule in our favor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BRCA1 and 2 mutations became international news when actress \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/14/why-angelina-jolies-medical-choice-is-likely-not-yours/\" target=\"_blank\">Angelina Jolie\u003c/a> revealed that she'd had a preventive double mastectomy after testing showed that she had a specific mutation that put her at very high risk of developing breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast Cancer Action has long argued against the high cost of the test, and said that the patent gave an unfair monopoly to Myriad Genetics, which is located in Salt Lake City. With the court's ruling, Jaggar believes that more companies will be able to offer a test to women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They'll have access to new tests at lower costs and will have access to second opinions,\" Jaggar said. \"Currently Myriad offers the one and only test. It has not been peer reviewed; it has not been scientifically validated. New labs will now be able to offer new tests using new methodologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Myriad Genetics played down the magnitude of the decision, pointing to its 500 other valid patent claims as well as the BRCA test. The court upheld patent claims on what's known as synthetic DNA or \"cDNA.\" Synthetic DNA is man-made, not a \"product of nature,\" and is still patentable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe the Court appropriately upheld our claims on cDNA,\" Myriad's CEO Peter Meldrum said in a release, \"ensuring strong intellectual property protection for our BRACAnalysis test moving forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Breast Cancer Action insists the Supreme Court's decision opens the door to new options for women who worry about inherited risk of breast cancer. “Laboratories can conduct genetic testing without using cDNA and this means that Myriad no longer holds a monopoly on the BRCA genes,\" Jaggar said in a release this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 5 to 10 percent of women carry a BRCA1 or 2 mutation, according to the National Cancer Institute. Not all mutations are harmful, but some can be devastating. Angelina Jolie said that she had a mutation that put her at an 87 percent risk of breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn More:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-398_8njq.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read the decision: Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Young Adults Will Make or Break Obamacare in California",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim, KQED\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12967 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/RS4926_photo-Dave2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"David Kim, brother of KQED health reporter Mina Kim, is 29-years-old and uninsured. (Mina Kim/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Kim, brother of KQED health reporter Mina Kim, is 29-years-old and uninsured. He is considering whether to buy insurance on the health care marketplace if he doesn't have employer-based coverage next year. (Mina Kim/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of us know someone who doesn’t have health insurance. In my case, it’s my little brother, David Kim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David is 29-years-old and recently earned an advanced degree in international relations. He hasn’t been able to land a full-time job with health benefits. The two jobs he has now are temporary, and with such a precarious work situation, he just doesn’t think he can afford health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m totally aware that if I get sick then I’m doomed financially,” Dave told me over a lunch break. “And maybe that's not a very financially sound decision to make, but it is nonetheless a risk that, for the time being, I’m prepared to take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young adults —18 to 34-year-olds — make up \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/C/PDF%20CaliforniaUninsured2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">more than 40 percent\u003c/a> of California’s uninsured, though they make up less than 30 percent of the population. And according to many health reform advocates, they’re the ones who could make or break Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“If we get only sick people, and don’t get the young, healthy people into the insurance system, it’s going to mean premiums are much higher.” \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The success of this law really does depend on getting young people insured, and frankly getting everyone insured,” said Larry Levitt, a health policy and insurance expert for the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less than five months, a key piece of Obamacare will go live: state-based insurance marketplaces, called Covered California here. That means millions of Californians looking for coverage for themselves or their families will be able to go online and enroll in qualified health plans regardless of their medical history. Many will get help from federal subsidies. But if the exchange doesn't enroll enough young, healthy people, insurers will have to hike everyone’s premiums.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurance premiums are set based on the pool of people who are buying coverage,” Levitt said. “If we get only sick people, and don’t get the young, healthy people into the insurance system, it’s going to mean premiums are much higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Covered California \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/23/californias-health-insurance-exchange-sets-plans-premiums-no-apparent-rate-shock/\" target=\"_blank\">released plans and premiums\u003c/a> for 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obamacare's Incentives for Young Adults\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health law has plenty of incentives to engage young people in insurance. They can stay on a parent's health plan until they’re 26-years-old. Some will qualify for expanded Medi-Cal, the state’s health insurance program for the poor. On Covered California, there will be federal tax credits to help people buy insurance. Individuals who make up to about $46,000 a year (or about $94,000 for a family of four) are eligible for the tax credits. People under 30 will also have the option of buying bare-bones, catastrophic plans with low premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12946\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/RS4928_Tamika-Butler-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Tamika Butler shows off a mobile app that explains the federal health law's benefits for young people. Butler runs the California chapter of Young Invincibles, an advocacy group. (Mina Kim/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tamika Butler shows off a mobile app that explains the federal health law's benefits for young people. Butler runs the California chapter of Young Invincibles, an advocacy group. (Mina Kim/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, getting young adults to buy insurance won’t be easy, Levitt warns. The financial penalty for not having coverage next year is fairly small -- $95 or one percent of income, whichever is greater. Also, fears abound that young people’s premiums will skyrocket because the health law limits the difference in price between plans for the young and old. And there's still just a lot of confusion about health reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This generation has very low levels of insurance literacy,\" Tamika Butler tells me. She runs the Los Angeles-based chapter of Young Invincibles, a nonprofit advocacy group trying to get the word out about the health law’s benefits. Her group has launched a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/together.invincible\" target=\"_blank\">social media\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/YI_Care\" target=\"_blank\">outreach campaign\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://younginvincibles.org/promotion/young-invincibles-theres-an-app-for-that/\" target=\"_blank\">mobile app\u003c/a> that helps people find and rate cheap health care and answer questions about the Affordable Care Act. According to Butler, young adults are gateways to getting hard-to-reach minority communities insured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Young adults are really the leaders of their communities, of their families,” Butler said. “You see it when there's a young child translating for a parent at school, or helping them figure out a complicated financial aid form, and it’s the same for health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler said it’s a misconception that most young people shun health insurance because they believe they’re indestructible. She says her groups’ polls and outreach activities have shown that the more young people learn about coverage, the more they want it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Lee who runs Covered California said the exchange is planning to launch a major media campaign aimed at young people this summer and to reach out to students on college campuses, at trade schools and those who work at low-wage jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been having focus groups, surveys and young people throughout California aren’t saying they don’t want to have health insurance,” Lee said. “They’re saying they can’t afford it, and they are looking for the security that health insurance provides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My brother David said he has felt a bit vulnerable without health coverage and will look into plans on the exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just the other day I went ice skating,\" David said. “I went at the wall like full speed, and my skate edge slipped. I almost [went] face first into the wall, and at that point I was reminded that I don’t have health insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials unveiled Thursday, a list of the health plans and rates they expect to offer on the exchange in October. The enrollment period will run through March 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Mina Kim's Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201305230850a.xml\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201305230850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim, KQED\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12967 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/RS4926_photo-Dave2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"David Kim, brother of KQED health reporter Mina Kim, is 29-years-old and uninsured. (Mina Kim/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Kim, brother of KQED health reporter Mina Kim, is 29-years-old and uninsured. He is considering whether to buy insurance on the health care marketplace if he doesn't have employer-based coverage next year. (Mina Kim/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of us know someone who doesn’t have health insurance. In my case, it’s my little brother, David Kim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David is 29-years-old and recently earned an advanced degree in international relations. He hasn’t been able to land a full-time job with health benefits. The two jobs he has now are temporary, and with such a precarious work situation, he just doesn’t think he can afford health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m totally aware that if I get sick then I’m doomed financially,” Dave told me over a lunch break. “And maybe that's not a very financially sound decision to make, but it is nonetheless a risk that, for the time being, I’m prepared to take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young adults —18 to 34-year-olds — make up \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/C/PDF%20CaliforniaUninsured2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">more than 40 percent\u003c/a> of California’s uninsured, though they make up less than 30 percent of the population. And according to many health reform advocates, they’re the ones who could make or break Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“If we get only sick people, and don’t get the young, healthy people into the insurance system, it’s going to mean premiums are much higher.” \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The success of this law really does depend on getting young people insured, and frankly getting everyone insured,” said Larry Levitt, a health policy and insurance expert for the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less than five months, a key piece of Obamacare will go live: state-based insurance marketplaces, called Covered California here. That means millions of Californians looking for coverage for themselves or their families will be able to go online and enroll in qualified health plans regardless of their medical history. Many will get help from federal subsidies. But if the exchange doesn't enroll enough young, healthy people, insurers will have to hike everyone’s premiums.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurance premiums are set based on the pool of people who are buying coverage,” Levitt said. “If we get only sick people, and don’t get the young, healthy people into the insurance system, it’s going to mean premiums are much higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Covered California \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/23/californias-health-insurance-exchange-sets-plans-premiums-no-apparent-rate-shock/\" target=\"_blank\">released plans and premiums\u003c/a> for 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obamacare's Incentives for Young Adults\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health law has plenty of incentives to engage young people in insurance. They can stay on a parent's health plan until they’re 26-years-old. Some will qualify for expanded Medi-Cal, the state’s health insurance program for the poor. On Covered California, there will be federal tax credits to help people buy insurance. Individuals who make up to about $46,000 a year (or about $94,000 for a family of four) are eligible for the tax credits. People under 30 will also have the option of buying bare-bones, catastrophic plans with low premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12946\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/RS4928_Tamika-Butler-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Tamika Butler shows off a mobile app that explains the federal health law's benefits for young people. Butler runs the California chapter of Young Invincibles, an advocacy group. (Mina Kim/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tamika Butler shows off a mobile app that explains the federal health law's benefits for young people. Butler runs the California chapter of Young Invincibles, an advocacy group. (Mina Kim/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, getting young adults to buy insurance won’t be easy, Levitt warns. The financial penalty for not having coverage next year is fairly small -- $95 or one percent of income, whichever is greater. Also, fears abound that young people’s premiums will skyrocket because the health law limits the difference in price between plans for the young and old. And there's still just a lot of confusion about health reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This generation has very low levels of insurance literacy,\" Tamika Butler tells me. She runs the Los Angeles-based chapter of Young Invincibles, a nonprofit advocacy group trying to get the word out about the health law’s benefits. Her group has launched a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/together.invincible\" target=\"_blank\">social media\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/YI_Care\" target=\"_blank\">outreach campaign\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://younginvincibles.org/promotion/young-invincibles-theres-an-app-for-that/\" target=\"_blank\">mobile app\u003c/a> that helps people find and rate cheap health care and answer questions about the Affordable Care Act. According to Butler, young adults are gateways to getting hard-to-reach minority communities insured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Young adults are really the leaders of their communities, of their families,” Butler said. “You see it when there's a young child translating for a parent at school, or helping them figure out a complicated financial aid form, and it’s the same for health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler said it’s a misconception that most young people shun health insurance because they believe they’re indestructible. She says her groups’ polls and outreach activities have shown that the more young people learn about coverage, the more they want it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Lee who runs Covered California said the exchange is planning to launch a major media campaign aimed at young people this summer and to reach out to students on college campuses, at trade schools and those who work at low-wage jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been having focus groups, surveys and young people throughout California aren’t saying they don’t want to have health insurance,” Lee said. “They’re saying they can’t afford it, and they are looking for the security that health insurance provides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My brother David said he has felt a bit vulnerable without health coverage and will look into plans on the exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just the other day I went ice skating,\" David said. “I went at the wall like full speed, and my skate edge slipped. I almost [went] face first into the wall, and at that point I was reminded that I don’t have health insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials unveiled Thursday, a list of the health plans and rates they expect to offer on the exchange in October. The enrollment period will run through March 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Mina Kim's Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201305230850a.xml\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201305230850a.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>By Julie Rovner, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/22/183903991/Boomer-Housemates-Have-More-Fun\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12895\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12895\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/goldengirls_01-a6aea59e62f67d0b27c946f3e4fd27bf9061a677-s3-300x224.jpg\" alt='Lorene Solivan moved into the \"Golden Girls\" house in October after seeing an ad on Craigslist. An event manager at a food company, Solivan says she often cooks dinner for the group. (Maggie Starbard/NPR)' width=\"300\" height=\"224\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorene Solivan moved into the \"Golden Girls\" house in October after seeing an ad on Craigslist. An event manager at a food company, Solivan says she often cooks dinner for the group. (Maggie Starbard/NPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today more than 1 in every 3 baby boomers — that huge glut of people born between 1948 and 1964 — is unmarried. And those unmarried boomers are \u003ca href=\"http://www.geron.org/About%20Us/press-room/Archived%20Press%20Releases/80-2012-press-releases/1329-single-baby-boomers-facing-increased-challenges-as-they-age\">disproportionately women\u003c/a>. As this vast generation rushes into retirement, there's a growing concern among experts on aging: Who will take care of all these people when they're too old to care for themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a question many of the experts take personally. \"\u003cem>That\u003c/em> is what scares me,\" says Sara Rix, who works for the AARP Public Policy Institute, studying the economic prospects of women in the workforce. \"Because I am one of those people,\" she says, \"and I do think about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oh, I've got wonderful nieces and nephews,\" Rix says, noting that's what a lot of her boomer peers claim, too. \"Well, in fact, they've got their families. They've got their in-laws. They've got their parents. And I don't think it's reasonable to expect much out of them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Kelly, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/home.jsp\">Family Caregiver Alliance and the National Center on Caregiving in San Francisco\u003c/a>, says she's seeing the same sort of concern in her social circle. \"I'm in my 50s, and my friends are all talking about, 'Could we all move in together? Could we buy an apartment building and all live together?' There are all sorts of permutations of this conversation,\" Kelly says. \"But it really is something that people are thinking about, particularly women.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, because boomers are boomers, some are doing more than just thinking about it. Already, there's a small but apparently growing movement of boomer women forming group houses with their single peers.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those homes belongs to Bonnie Moore. She's a pert, 60-something divorcee who lives in a well-kept, five-bedroom house in Bowie, Md., a cozy suburb of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to stay in her house after her divorce, Moore needed financial help. But she wanted to do more than just add boarders who would help pay the bills, she says. The home she's organized instead is \"a little bit like family, a little bit like roommates, a little bit like a sorority house,\" she says from the sofa of her softly lit living room. \"It just evolves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore, an attorney, isn't actually childless. She has a grown son who lives in Utah and has been urging Moore to move there to be closer to him and his family. \"He's just sort of saying, 'Well, Mom you're old now; we have to take care of you,' \" Moore says. \"And I'm saying, 'I'm not old. I've got 20 years out there in my yard, thank you very much,' \" she says with a laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore has been careful about selecting as housemates women who get along, but who also have a sense of independence. \"All of us, we have our own separate lives,\" she says. \"We do our own separate things, but we'll meet up in the kitchen and chitchat. And then we'll all go our different ways, which makes it nice. None of us are joined at the hip, and yet we all live together and do our own thing and live in the same house.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lorene Solivan is one of Moore's three current roommates — \"the youngest,\" Solivan says proudly, having just turned 60.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solivan, an event manager for a food company, had been living in an apartment in Northern Virginia. But she was having financial troubles of her own and was looking to downsize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then I saw the ad on Craigslist: GOLDEN GIRLS HOUSE. I said, 'Oh, that looks like fun,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solivan, who does much of the group's cooking, says it's been a nice transition for her. To live with a built-in social group of people your own age is \"a big plus,\" she says, \"whether you're 20, 40, or 60 — whatever the case may be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Bonnie Moore is trying to take her concept and expand it. She already has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldengirlsnetwork.org/\">website\u003c/a> and is working on a guide to help other single boomer women set up houses like hers. \"I think it'll be fun,\" she says. \"And I'd like to be part of various seminars and workshops for women [about] the whole idea of living communally and learning to get along in this kind of environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are a lot of obstacles. One big one is that most boomers don't realize they might need help getting or paying for long-term care if their health falters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call it the 70-70-70 conundrum,\" says Bruce Chernof, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://thescanfoundation.org/\">The SCAN Foundation\u003c/a>, which focuses on long-term health care issues. \"Seventy percent of people over the age of 65 will need some form of long-term care supports as they age,\" he says. But when you look at polling, \"roughly 70 percent of Americans don't actually think they're likely to need it, and roughly 70 percent think Medicare will probably cover it when they get there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, of course, he adds, is that \"those last two 70 percents are not true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the numbers problem. \"We know that ... about a third of baby boomers are single,\" says Kathleen Kelly. \"But we also know that there's a large percentage of those that are in their 50s and 60s [who] are getting divorced, and so we're going to have more single individuals in the future. We just haven't seen this before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, most boomers have had fewer children than previous generations did, and many boomers have no children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So there's less adult children to take the place of the caregiving cohort that currently is providing ... caregiving to their parents,\" she says. And today, family caregiving provides an estimated $450 billion a year worth of unpaid care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Sara Rix of AARP says a big problem for single boomer women is that they're not financially prepared to hire the caregivers they might need if they don't have family members to volunteer the time. \"[These single women] are still likely to be concentrated in what we've traditionally called the 'pink collar' jobs,\" she says, which are \"the lower wage, low benefit occupations. So when they reach old age, they often reach old age without pension coverage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these women will have Social Security, Rix says — assuming that they are eligible, and that the rules don't change between now and when they retire. But for many older women, that will be all, or nearly all the money they have to live on, she says, \"and it's not going to pay for a lot of care — formal care. So it's a frightening future for a lot of women.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are things women can do to make that future a little less frightening, says Kelly. Some suggestions are pretty obvious, like maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But another bit of advice may be less intuitive, Kelly says, \"and that is to invest in social relationships and networks.\" She doesn't mean the sort of social networks people create on the Internet, but rather, \"a community of individuals [living with or near you, so] that you may be able to share tasks and responsibilities as you grow older.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brings us back to Bonnie Moore, who says that deciding to form a group house was about more than just financial necessity. \"I think women naturally are more community oriented,\" Moore says. \"It's just part of the woman's nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And besides, she adds, \"to come home and have someone say, 'Hi, how was your day?' ... That's really nice sometimes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you're a boomer and you liked that group house you shared in college or just after, good for you. The United States is one of the few developed nations that has no organized public policy for providing long-term care — so group living may be in your future as well as your past.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Today more than 1 in every 3 baby boomers — that huge glut of people born between 1948 and 1964 — is unmarried. And those unmarried boomers are disproportionately women. As this vast generation rushes into retirement, there's a growing concern among experts on aging: Who will take care of all these people when they're too old to care for themselves?\r\n\r\nIt's a question many of the experts take personally. \"That is what scares me,\" says Sara Rix, who works for the AARP Public Policy Institute, studying the economic prospects of women in the workforce. \"Because I am one of those people,\" she says, \"and I do think about it.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By Julie Rovner, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/22/183903991/Boomer-Housemates-Have-More-Fun\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12895\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12895\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/goldengirls_01-a6aea59e62f67d0b27c946f3e4fd27bf9061a677-s3-300x224.jpg\" alt='Lorene Solivan moved into the \"Golden Girls\" house in October after seeing an ad on Craigslist. An event manager at a food company, Solivan says she often cooks dinner for the group. (Maggie Starbard/NPR)' width=\"300\" height=\"224\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorene Solivan moved into the \"Golden Girls\" house in October after seeing an ad on Craigslist. An event manager at a food company, Solivan says she often cooks dinner for the group. (Maggie Starbard/NPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today more than 1 in every 3 baby boomers — that huge glut of people born between 1948 and 1964 — is unmarried. And those unmarried boomers are \u003ca href=\"http://www.geron.org/About%20Us/press-room/Archived%20Press%20Releases/80-2012-press-releases/1329-single-baby-boomers-facing-increased-challenges-as-they-age\">disproportionately women\u003c/a>. As this vast generation rushes into retirement, there's a growing concern among experts on aging: Who will take care of all these people when they're too old to care for themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a question many of the experts take personally. \"\u003cem>That\u003c/em> is what scares me,\" says Sara Rix, who works for the AARP Public Policy Institute, studying the economic prospects of women in the workforce. \"Because I am one of those people,\" she says, \"and I do think about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oh, I've got wonderful nieces and nephews,\" Rix says, noting that's what a lot of her boomer peers claim, too. \"Well, in fact, they've got their families. They've got their in-laws. They've got their parents. And I don't think it's reasonable to expect much out of them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Kelly, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/home.jsp\">Family Caregiver Alliance and the National Center on Caregiving in San Francisco\u003c/a>, says she's seeing the same sort of concern in her social circle. \"I'm in my 50s, and my friends are all talking about, 'Could we all move in together? Could we buy an apartment building and all live together?' There are all sorts of permutations of this conversation,\" Kelly says. \"But it really is something that people are thinking about, particularly women.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, because boomers are boomers, some are doing more than just thinking about it. Already, there's a small but apparently growing movement of boomer women forming group houses with their single peers.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those homes belongs to Bonnie Moore. She's a pert, 60-something divorcee who lives in a well-kept, five-bedroom house in Bowie, Md., a cozy suburb of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to stay in her house after her divorce, Moore needed financial help. But she wanted to do more than just add boarders who would help pay the bills, she says. The home she's organized instead is \"a little bit like family, a little bit like roommates, a little bit like a sorority house,\" she says from the sofa of her softly lit living room. \"It just evolves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore, an attorney, isn't actually childless. She has a grown son who lives in Utah and has been urging Moore to move there to be closer to him and his family. \"He's just sort of saying, 'Well, Mom you're old now; we have to take care of you,' \" Moore says. \"And I'm saying, 'I'm not old. I've got 20 years out there in my yard, thank you very much,' \" she says with a laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore has been careful about selecting as housemates women who get along, but who also have a sense of independence. \"All of us, we have our own separate lives,\" she says. \"We do our own separate things, but we'll meet up in the kitchen and chitchat. And then we'll all go our different ways, which makes it nice. None of us are joined at the hip, and yet we all live together and do our own thing and live in the same house.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lorene Solivan is one of Moore's three current roommates — \"the youngest,\" Solivan says proudly, having just turned 60.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solivan, an event manager for a food company, had been living in an apartment in Northern Virginia. But she was having financial troubles of her own and was looking to downsize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then I saw the ad on Craigslist: GOLDEN GIRLS HOUSE. I said, 'Oh, that looks like fun,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solivan, who does much of the group's cooking, says it's been a nice transition for her. To live with a built-in social group of people your own age is \"a big plus,\" she says, \"whether you're 20, 40, or 60 — whatever the case may be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Bonnie Moore is trying to take her concept and expand it. She already has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldengirlsnetwork.org/\">website\u003c/a> and is working on a guide to help other single boomer women set up houses like hers. \"I think it'll be fun,\" she says. \"And I'd like to be part of various seminars and workshops for women [about] the whole idea of living communally and learning to get along in this kind of environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are a lot of obstacles. One big one is that most boomers don't realize they might need help getting or paying for long-term care if their health falters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call it the 70-70-70 conundrum,\" says Bruce Chernof, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://thescanfoundation.org/\">The SCAN Foundation\u003c/a>, which focuses on long-term health care issues. \"Seventy percent of people over the age of 65 will need some form of long-term care supports as they age,\" he says. But when you look at polling, \"roughly 70 percent of Americans don't actually think they're likely to need it, and roughly 70 percent think Medicare will probably cover it when they get there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, of course, he adds, is that \"those last two 70 percents are not true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the numbers problem. \"We know that ... about a third of baby boomers are single,\" says Kathleen Kelly. \"But we also know that there's a large percentage of those that are in their 50s and 60s [who] are getting divorced, and so we're going to have more single individuals in the future. We just haven't seen this before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, most boomers have had fewer children than previous generations did, and many boomers have no children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So there's less adult children to take the place of the caregiving cohort that currently is providing ... caregiving to their parents,\" she says. And today, family caregiving provides an estimated $450 billion a year worth of unpaid care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Sara Rix of AARP says a big problem for single boomer women is that they're not financially prepared to hire the caregivers they might need if they don't have family members to volunteer the time. \"[These single women] are still likely to be concentrated in what we've traditionally called the 'pink collar' jobs,\" she says, which are \"the lower wage, low benefit occupations. So when they reach old age, they often reach old age without pension coverage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these women will have Social Security, Rix says — assuming that they are eligible, and that the rules don't change between now and when they retire. But for many older women, that will be all, or nearly all the money they have to live on, she says, \"and it's not going to pay for a lot of care — formal care. So it's a frightening future for a lot of women.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are things women can do to make that future a little less frightening, says Kelly. Some suggestions are pretty obvious, like maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But another bit of advice may be less intuitive, Kelly says, \"and that is to invest in social relationships and networks.\" She doesn't mean the sort of social networks people create on the Internet, but rather, \"a community of individuals [living with or near you, so] that you may be able to share tasks and responsibilities as you grow older.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brings us back to Bonnie Moore, who says that deciding to form a group house was about more than just financial necessity. \"I think women naturally are more community oriented,\" Moore says. \"It's just part of the woman's nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And besides, she adds, \"to come home and have someone say, 'Hi, how was your day?' ... That's really nice sometimes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you're a boomer and you liked that group house you shared in college or just after, good for you. The United States is one of the few developed nations that has no organized public policy for providing long-term care — so group living may be in your future as well as your past.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Easy to Do, Inexpensive; Music Calms Some ICU Patients",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Leslie Harris O'Hanlon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12826\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12826 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AA004801-620x452.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"452\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Ryan McVay/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The adage stems from the 18th century: music has charms to sooth the savage breast. It's probably safe to say that someone in an intensive care unit, who needs a machine to help them breathe, is in need of soothing. Usually, doctors and nurses administer drugs, powerful sedatives to help calm patients. Now, a study shows that a different kind of intervention might help: music. The study, published Monday in the Journal of the American Medical Association, adds to a growing body of research on how listening to music has a host of health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Patients in the music group received 38 percent fewer doses of sedatives.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Ohio State University looked at ICU patients on mechanical ventilators for respiratory failure. Those who listened to the music of their choice not only had greater reduction in anxiety but also used fewer sedation drugs and lower doses compared to patients who did not have access to music -- they received usual ICU care. Mechanical ventilation, or ventilatory support, is when a patient is connected to a machine, called a ventilator, to help him or her breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers call this \"patient-directed music\" because patients could select their own music and put headphones on whenever they wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"intervention empowered patients to use music to manage their own anxiety whenever they felt they needed the use of music to help them relax or when they desired some quiet time,” said lead author Professor Linda L. Chlan at Ohio State. “Music does not induce adverse side effects, which are sometimes evident with sedative agents administered to these patients.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinical trial included 373 patients on ventilators. Researchers looked at 12 intensive care units in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area; the study went on for nearly five years. Patients were put into three groups: those who picked their own musical selections with the help of a music therapist, those who used noise-canceling headphones and those who received usual care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers measured anxiety daily by asking patients the question: “How are you feeling today?” The amount and frequency of sedative drugs were also measured. Patients in the music group listened to music for an average of 80 minutes per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysis showed that patients in the music group had an anxiety score that was 19.5 points lower than patients in the usual care group. Also, patients in the music group received fewer doses of sedatives -- 38 percent fewer doses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers published comments that patients or family members made to nurses. For example:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\"Patient looks very peaceful and states she like the music.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"After putting headphones on, patient appears less anxious.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Evening was quieter. Patient put headphones on which seemed to help a lot.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, people on ventilators in an ICU are often under a great deal of stress. Potent sedatives are usually given to these patients to help them feel less anxious, the study authors wrote. But those drugs can have harsh side effects, including weakness, delirium and a lowering a blood pressure. That lower blood pressure can prevent the heart, brain and other parts of the body from getting enough blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mechanically ventilated patients have little control over (drug) interventions to relieve anxiety,\" Chlan wrote in an email. \"Dosing and frequency of sedative and analgesic medications are controlled by intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians. ... Interventions are needed that reduce anxiety, actively involve patients, and minimize the use of sedative medications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first study to highlight how music can help alleviate stress. A large scale review of 400 research papers\u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/abstract/S1364-6613(13)00049-1\" target=\"_blank\"> published in Trends in Cognitive Sciences\u003c/a> found that music can improve the function of the body's immune system and reduce levels of stress. Further, listening to music was more successful than prescription drugs in decreasing a person's anxiety before undergoing surgery. In a 2012 paper \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071366\" target=\"_blank\">published in The Journal of Pain\u003c/a>, researchers from the University of Utah Pain Research Center found that listening to music could lessen pain by distracting people’s attention away from the pain. Also, according to the American Cancer Society, there is evidence that when used with conventional treatment, music therapy can help to reduce pain and relieve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Music therapy, which can include making or listening to music or writing songs, may also relieve stress and provide an overall sense of well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current JAMA study had some limitations, said Dr. Elie Azoulay with the Sorbonne in Paris who wrote an accompanying editorial in JAMA. Azoulay says the effects of listening to music were only studied short term, and the use of sedatives was not standardized across all ICUs in the study. Azoulay added that conducting in-depth interviews with patients after they were discharged could help researchers better understand the impact music had on those patients’ anxiety levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the ability of music to help patients in distress is an area worth exploring further, he said, especially since it’s low cost and easy to incorporate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patient's anxiety can be reduced and by a means that can be accessible for all ICUs all over the world,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The adage stems from the 18th century: music has charms to sooth the savage beast. It's probably safe to say that someone in an intensive care unit, who needs a machine to help them breathe, is in need of soothing. Usually, doctors and nurses administer drugs, powerful sedatives to help calm patients. Now, a study shows that a different kind of intervention might help: music. The study, published Monday in the Journal of the American Medical Association, adds to a growing body of research on how listening to music has a host of health benefits.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Leslie Harris O'Hanlon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12826\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12826 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AA004801-620x452.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"452\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Ryan McVay/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The adage stems from the 18th century: music has charms to sooth the savage breast. It's probably safe to say that someone in an intensive care unit, who needs a machine to help them breathe, is in need of soothing. Usually, doctors and nurses administer drugs, powerful sedatives to help calm patients. Now, a study shows that a different kind of intervention might help: music. The study, published Monday in the Journal of the American Medical Association, adds to a growing body of research on how listening to music has a host of health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Patients in the music group received 38 percent fewer doses of sedatives.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Ohio State University looked at ICU patients on mechanical ventilators for respiratory failure. Those who listened to the music of their choice not only had greater reduction in anxiety but also used fewer sedation drugs and lower doses compared to patients who did not have access to music -- they received usual ICU care. Mechanical ventilation, or ventilatory support, is when a patient is connected to a machine, called a ventilator, to help him or her breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers call this \"patient-directed music\" because patients could select their own music and put headphones on whenever they wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"intervention empowered patients to use music to manage their own anxiety whenever they felt they needed the use of music to help them relax or when they desired some quiet time,” said lead author Professor Linda L. Chlan at Ohio State. “Music does not induce adverse side effects, which are sometimes evident with sedative agents administered to these patients.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinical trial included 373 patients on ventilators. Researchers looked at 12 intensive care units in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area; the study went on for nearly five years. Patients were put into three groups: those who picked their own musical selections with the help of a music therapist, those who used noise-canceling headphones and those who received usual care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers measured anxiety daily by asking patients the question: “How are you feeling today?” The amount and frequency of sedative drugs were also measured. Patients in the music group listened to music for an average of 80 minutes per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysis showed that patients in the music group had an anxiety score that was 19.5 points lower than patients in the usual care group. Also, patients in the music group received fewer doses of sedatives -- 38 percent fewer doses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers published comments that patients or family members made to nurses. For example:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\"Patient looks very peaceful and states she like the music.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"After putting headphones on, patient appears less anxious.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Evening was quieter. Patient put headphones on which seemed to help a lot.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, people on ventilators in an ICU are often under a great deal of stress. Potent sedatives are usually given to these patients to help them feel less anxious, the study authors wrote. But those drugs can have harsh side effects, including weakness, delirium and a lowering a blood pressure. That lower blood pressure can prevent the heart, brain and other parts of the body from getting enough blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mechanically ventilated patients have little control over (drug) interventions to relieve anxiety,\" Chlan wrote in an email. \"Dosing and frequency of sedative and analgesic medications are controlled by intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians. ... Interventions are needed that reduce anxiety, actively involve patients, and minimize the use of sedative medications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first study to highlight how music can help alleviate stress. A large scale review of 400 research papers\u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/abstract/S1364-6613(13)00049-1\" target=\"_blank\"> published in Trends in Cognitive Sciences\u003c/a> found that music can improve the function of the body's immune system and reduce levels of stress. Further, listening to music was more successful than prescription drugs in decreasing a person's anxiety before undergoing surgery. In a 2012 paper \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071366\" target=\"_blank\">published in The Journal of Pain\u003c/a>, researchers from the University of Utah Pain Research Center found that listening to music could lessen pain by distracting people’s attention away from the pain. Also, according to the American Cancer Society, there is evidence that when used with conventional treatment, music therapy can help to reduce pain and relieve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Music therapy, which can include making or listening to music or writing songs, may also relieve stress and provide an overall sense of well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current JAMA study had some limitations, said Dr. Elie Azoulay with the Sorbonne in Paris who wrote an accompanying editorial in JAMA. Azoulay says the effects of listening to music were only studied short term, and the use of sedatives was not standardized across all ICUs in the study. Azoulay added that conducting in-depth interviews with patients after they were discharged could help researchers better understand the impact music had on those patients’ anxiety levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the ability of music to help patients in distress is an area worth exploring further, he said, especially since it’s low cost and easy to incorporate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patient's anxiety can be reduced and by a means that can be accessible for all ICUs all over the world,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What's a BRCA Gene Anyway?",
"title": "What's a BRCA Gene Anyway?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 432px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/gageskidmore/4839882457/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12777\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BRCA_AngelinaJolie.jpg\" alt=\"(Gage Skidmore/Flickr)\" width=\"432\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BRCA_AngelinaJolie.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BRCA_AngelinaJolie-400x357.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BRCA_AngelinaJolie-320x286.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Gage Skidmore/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first thing you need to know about the BRCA gene is that you have it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't panic. Everyone does. In fact, we all have two of them -- the BRCA1 and 2 genes. They are normal genes that \"have an important function in the cell. They are involved in repairing DNA damage,\" explained Dr. Robert Nussbaum, a medical geneticist at UCSF. \"When they're functioning normally, they do a good job for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We all have two copies of the BRCA genes. Men, too.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The problem is what happens when they don't function normally. We'll get to that in a minute. But first, in our call, Nussbaum gave me a helpful primer in basic genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, we all have two copies of each of the BRCA genes. Men, too. We get one copy from each parent. These genes are \"like sentences,\" Nussbaum said. \"They are made up of words.\" When they're spelled right, all is well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \"you can have all kinds of misspellings,\" Nussbaum said. \"Red becomes reed. All kinds of things can happen that will alter the meaning of that sentence.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've ever texted or sent an email or written anything on a computer, you know that there are misspellings that don't change the meaning of what you're trying to say. Nussbaum used the example of \"gray\" and \"grey\". The change in spelling does not change the meaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the BRCA genes, there are \"thousands\" of ways the gene can be misspelled, Nussbaum said. But just like gray/grey doesn't matter, neither do many of those BRCA misspellings or what Angelina Jolie correctly called a mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the ones that do matter. Sadly, they matter way too much. On Tuesday Angelina Jolie said \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">she had a mutation\u003c/a> that gave her an 87 percent risk of developing breast cancer, which is why she decided to undergo a preventive double mastectomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, women who have inherited the harmful mutations have about\u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA\" target=\"_blank\"> 60 percent risk\u003c/a> of developing breast cancer over their lifetimes, according to the National Cancer Institute. They are also at much higher risk of ovarian cancer. And men who inherit the gene have a dramatically increased risk of male breast cancer as well as pancreatic and prostate cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, only about 10 percent of all breast cancers are associated with these mutations. Or, to put it the opposite way, roughly 90 percent of all breast cancers are not related to BRCA mutations. They just happen, for reasons doctors and scientists cannot fully explain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just googled \"Angelina Jolie\" and \"mastectomy\" and got 736 million results. It's probably safe to say countless women are thinking about BRCA testing right now. But before you run to a lab, Nussbaum said they start with an \"accurate and complete\" family history, including on the father's side. Remember that you get one copy of all your genes, including the BRCA1 and 2 genes, from your dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \"thousands\" of mutations cause harm and \"thousands\" more have no effect at all, Nussbaum then pointed to a third category, \"variance of uncertain significance,\" he said. Doctors see the mutation, but cannot determine if it damages the gene's function or not. \"So there is no such thing as 'the BRCA1 mutation.' There are thousands. Some are deleterious. Some are not. Some we don't know.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The first thing you need to know about the BRCA gene is that you have it.\r\n\r\nDon't panic. Everyone does. In fact, we all have two of them -- the BRCA1 and 2 genes. They are normal genes that \"have an important function in the cell. They are involved in repairing DNA damage,\" explained Dr. Robert Nussbaum, a medical geneticist at UCSF. \"When they're functioning normally, they do a good job for us.\"",
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"description": "The first thing you need to know about the BRCA gene is that you have it.\r\n\r\nDon't panic. Everyone does. In fact, we all have two of them -- the BRCA1 and 2 genes. They are normal genes that "have an important function in the cell. They are involved in repairing DNA damage," explained Dr. Robert Nussbaum, a medical geneticist at UCSF. "When they're functioning normally, they do a good job for us."",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 432px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/gageskidmore/4839882457/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12777\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BRCA_AngelinaJolie.jpg\" alt=\"(Gage Skidmore/Flickr)\" width=\"432\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BRCA_AngelinaJolie.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BRCA_AngelinaJolie-400x357.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BRCA_AngelinaJolie-320x286.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Gage Skidmore/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first thing you need to know about the BRCA gene is that you have it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't panic. Everyone does. In fact, we all have two of them -- the BRCA1 and 2 genes. They are normal genes that \"have an important function in the cell. They are involved in repairing DNA damage,\" explained Dr. Robert Nussbaum, a medical geneticist at UCSF. \"When they're functioning normally, they do a good job for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We all have two copies of the BRCA genes. Men, too.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The problem is what happens when they don't function normally. We'll get to that in a minute. But first, in our call, Nussbaum gave me a helpful primer in basic genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, we all have two copies of each of the BRCA genes. Men, too. We get one copy from each parent. These genes are \"like sentences,\" Nussbaum said. \"They are made up of words.\" When they're spelled right, all is well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \"you can have all kinds of misspellings,\" Nussbaum said. \"Red becomes reed. All kinds of things can happen that will alter the meaning of that sentence.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've ever texted or sent an email or written anything on a computer, you know that there are misspellings that don't change the meaning of what you're trying to say. Nussbaum used the example of \"gray\" and \"grey\". The change in spelling does not change the meaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the BRCA genes, there are \"thousands\" of ways the gene can be misspelled, Nussbaum said. But just like gray/grey doesn't matter, neither do many of those BRCA misspellings or what Angelina Jolie correctly called a mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the ones that do matter. Sadly, they matter way too much. On Tuesday Angelina Jolie said \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">she had a mutation\u003c/a> that gave her an 87 percent risk of developing breast cancer, which is why she decided to undergo a preventive double mastectomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, women who have inherited the harmful mutations have about\u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA\" target=\"_blank\"> 60 percent risk\u003c/a> of developing breast cancer over their lifetimes, according to the National Cancer Institute. They are also at much higher risk of ovarian cancer. And men who inherit the gene have a dramatically increased risk of male breast cancer as well as pancreatic and prostate cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, only about 10 percent of all breast cancers are associated with these mutations. Or, to put it the opposite way, roughly 90 percent of all breast cancers are not related to BRCA mutations. They just happen, for reasons doctors and scientists cannot fully explain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just googled \"Angelina Jolie\" and \"mastectomy\" and got 736 million results. It's probably safe to say countless women are thinking about BRCA testing right now. But before you run to a lab, Nussbaum said they start with an \"accurate and complete\" family history, including on the father's side. Remember that you get one copy of all your genes, including the BRCA1 and 2 genes, from your dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \"thousands\" of mutations cause harm and \"thousands\" more have no effect at all, Nussbaum then pointed to a third category, \"variance of uncertain significance,\" he said. Doctors see the mutation, but cannot determine if it damages the gene's function or not. \"So there is no such thing as 'the BRCA1 mutation.' There are thousands. Some are deleterious. Some are not. Some we don't know.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Angelina Jolie's 'Medical Choice' Is Likely Not Yours ",
"title": "Why Angelina Jolie's 'Medical Choice' Is Likely Not Yours ",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/foreignoffice/7296732418/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12715\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/angelinajolie_foreignandcommonwealthoffice-620x603.jpg\" alt=\"(Foreign and Commonwealth Office/Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"603\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Foreign and Commonwealth Office/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Angelina Jolie lit up social media Tuesday morning with her announcement that she recently had a preventive double mastectomy. She took this route, she says, because she carries a specific BRCA1 mutation -- putting her at an 87 percent risk of developing breast cancer and a 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer. You can read everything about her history in her New York Times piece, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html\" target=\"_blank\">My Medical Choice\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the key here is a\u003cem> specific\u003c/em> BRCA1 mutation. There are many different mutations that can occur in the BRCA gene. Jolie is very careful to walk through all her personal decisions stemming from her unusually high risk, but emphasizes that \"the risk is different in the case of each woman.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent\u003c/a> of all breast cancers are due to those many BRCA mutations. Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer with the American Cancer Society, \u003ca href=\"http://acspressroom.wordpress.com/2013/05/14/jolie/\" target=\"_blank\">explains in more detail\u003c/a> what individual women should consider, in a response to Jolie's piece:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This does not mean every woman needs a blood test to determine their genetic risk for breast and/or ovarian cancer. What it does mean is women should know their cancer family history and discuss it with their regular provider. If appropriate, they should be referred to and have the opportunity to discuss their risk and their options with a genetic specialist.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance plans created before the passage of the Affordable Care Act are not required to cover the costs of genetic counseling, testing, and any surgery to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Under the Affordable Care Act, new plans are required to cover the costs of counseling and testing for breast cancer risk. There is no such mandate for the coverage of surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A prophylactic (preventive) mastectomy, removing both breasts before cancer is diagnosed, can greatly reduce the risk of breast cancer, by as much as 97%. It does not completely prevent breast cancer because even a very careful surgeon will leave behind a small amount of breast tissue, which can go on to become cancerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women with BRCA mutations associated with a high risk of breast cancer, confirmed by testing, and with a strong family history of breast cancer, a previous breast cancer, and who show signs of certain pre-cancerous conditions are among those who could benefit from the surgery. A woman with a mutation of known significance must consider her quantifiable risk in making the very personal decision to have her breasts and ovaries removed or pursuing other options, such as more extensive screening for breast and ovarian cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts recommend women proceed cautiously, and receive a second opinion before deciding to have this surgery. The American Cancer Society Board of Directors has stated that 'only very strong clinical and/or pathologic indications warrant doing this type of preventive operation.' Nonetheless, after careful consideration, this might be the right choice for some women.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For some women, yes. But, while mutations in the BRCA genes are fairly rare, the majority of women opting for preventive mastectomy are not at elevated risk, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/14/183892507/angelina-jolie-and-the-rise-of-preventive-mastectomies\" target=\"_blank\">NPR's Shots blog notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We found that women who have cancer in one breast overestimate their risk of cancer in the other breast by sixfold,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.surg.umn.edu/Faculty_Alpha/tuttle_todd_m/home.html\">Todd Tuttle\u003c/a>, chief of surgical oncology at the University of Minnesota. \"It's very exaggerated.\" ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increased awareness of breast cancer due to the ubiquitous pink ribbon campaigns could be fueling the rise in prophylactic mastectomies, some people say. \"Women have this exaggerated perceived risk of getting breast cancer,\" Tuttle told Shots. \"They see breast cancer everywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has not been an increase in prophylactic mastectomy in Europe, Tuttle notes, though women there have access to the same surgery and reconstruction. \"I wonder if part of the difference is this hyperawareness of breast cancer.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Berkeley-based journalist Peggy Orenstein \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/26/berkeley-journalist-takes-on-the-feel-good-war-on-breast-cancer/\" target=\"_blank\">took on the hyperawareness\u003c/a> of breast cancer in another New York Times venue, its Sunday magazine. Orenstein was first diagnosed with breast cancer 16 years ago. She had a lumpectomy plus radiation, then suffered a recurrence last year. Her only option was mastectomy, which she had on the affected breast. Yet she opted against preventive mastectomy on the other side. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/magazine/our-feel-good-war-on-breast-cancer.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">From her article\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>My first instinct this round was to have my other breast removed as well — I never wanted to go through this again. My oncologist argued against it. The tamoxifen would lower my risk of future disease to that of an average woman, he said. Would an average woman cut off her breasts? I could have preventive surgery if I wanted to, he added, but it would be a psychological decision, not a medical one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I weighed the options as my hospital date approached. Average risk, after all, is not zero. Could I live with that? Part of me still wanted to extinguish all threat. I have a 9-year-old daughter; I would do anything — I need to do \u003cem>everything\u003c/em> — to keep from dying. Yet, if death was the issue, the greatest danger wasn’t my other breast. It is that, despite treatment and a good prognosis, the cancer I’ve already had has metastasized. Preventive mastectomy wouldn’t change that; nor would it entirely eliminate the possibility of new disease, because there’s always some tissue left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did doing “everything” mean, anyway? There are days when I skip sunscreen. I don’t exercise as much as I should. I haven’t given up aged Gouda despite my latest cholesterol count; I don’t get enough calcium. And, oh, yeah, my house is six blocks from a fault line. Is living with a certain amount of breast-cancer risk really so different? I decided to take my doctor’s advice, to do only what had to be done.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, at Breast Cancer Action, spokeswoman Angela Wall points out that Jolie had access to \"all the information she needs.\" But in the interest of stating the obvious, that is not the case for every woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The genetic test for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/12/breast-cancer-gene-mutations-at-heart-of-supreme-court-case/\" target=\"_blank\">BRCA mutations\u003c/a> is held tightly by Myriad Genetics, so tightly that \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-biotech-industry-braces-for-gene-patenting-court-case/\" target=\"_blank\">a case questioning whether human genes are patentabl\u003c/a>e has made it the U.S. Supreme Court. Wall says that laboratories across the country could offer a comparable test for a fraction of the cost -- potentially opening up the test to more women -- but Myriad will not license it, making its $3,000 test a monopoly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Wall is supportive of Jolie's decision (\"This is an impossible decision and women do not make this choice lightly\"), she says the answer to breast cancer is not prophylactic mastectomy, it's prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It we want to get really serious about preventing breast cancer,\" she practically fumed over the phone, \"we need to do a lot more than celebrating a woman who has preventive mastectomy. ... What about all the other risk factors? The environmental risk factors?\" She advocates that what is needed are strong regulations to limit or ban known toxins that cause breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn more:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://health.clevelandclinic.org/2012/10/breast-cancer-do-your-genes-put-you-at-risk/?utm_campaign=cc+tweets&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&utm_content=130514+breast+cancer+genes&dynid=twitter-_-cc+tweets-_-social-_-social-_-130514+breast+cancer+genes\" target=\"_blank\">Breast Cancer -- Do Your Genes Put You At Risk? \u003c/a>(Cleveland Clinic)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Angelina Jolie lit up social media Tuesday morning with her announcement that she recently had a preventive double mastectomy. She took this route, she says, because she carries a specific BRCA1 mutation -- putting her at an 87 percent risk of developing breast cancer and a 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer. You can read everything about her history in her New York Times op-ed piece.\r\n\r\nBut the key here is a specific BRCA1 mutation. There are many different mutations that can occur in the BRCA gene. Jolile is very careful to walk through all her personal decisions stemming from her unusually high risk but qualifies that \"the risk is different in the case of each woman.\"",
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"description": "Angelina Jolie lit up social media Tuesday morning with her announcement that she recently had a preventive double mastectomy. She took this route, she says, because she carries a specific BRCA1 mutation -- putting her at an 87 percent risk of developing breast cancer and a 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer. You can read everything about her history in her New York Times op-ed piece.\r\n\r\nBut the key here is a specific BRCA1 mutation. There are many different mutations that can occur in the BRCA gene. Jolile is very careful to walk through all her personal decisions stemming from her unusually high risk but qualifies that "the risk is different in the case of each woman."",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/foreignoffice/7296732418/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12715\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/angelinajolie_foreignandcommonwealthoffice-620x603.jpg\" alt=\"(Foreign and Commonwealth Office/Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"603\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Foreign and Commonwealth Office/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Angelina Jolie lit up social media Tuesday morning with her announcement that she recently had a preventive double mastectomy. She took this route, she says, because she carries a specific BRCA1 mutation -- putting her at an 87 percent risk of developing breast cancer and a 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer. You can read everything about her history in her New York Times piece, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html\" target=\"_blank\">My Medical Choice\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the key here is a\u003cem> specific\u003c/em> BRCA1 mutation. There are many different mutations that can occur in the BRCA gene. Jolie is very careful to walk through all her personal decisions stemming from her unusually high risk, but emphasizes that \"the risk is different in the case of each woman.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent\u003c/a> of all breast cancers are due to those many BRCA mutations. Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer with the American Cancer Society, \u003ca href=\"http://acspressroom.wordpress.com/2013/05/14/jolie/\" target=\"_blank\">explains in more detail\u003c/a> what individual women should consider, in a response to Jolie's piece:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This does not mean every woman needs a blood test to determine their genetic risk for breast and/or ovarian cancer. What it does mean is women should know their cancer family history and discuss it with their regular provider. If appropriate, they should be referred to and have the opportunity to discuss their risk and their options with a genetic specialist.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance plans created before the passage of the Affordable Care Act are not required to cover the costs of genetic counseling, testing, and any surgery to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Under the Affordable Care Act, new plans are required to cover the costs of counseling and testing for breast cancer risk. There is no such mandate for the coverage of surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A prophylactic (preventive) mastectomy, removing both breasts before cancer is diagnosed, can greatly reduce the risk of breast cancer, by as much as 97%. It does not completely prevent breast cancer because even a very careful surgeon will leave behind a small amount of breast tissue, which can go on to become cancerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women with BRCA mutations associated with a high risk of breast cancer, confirmed by testing, and with a strong family history of breast cancer, a previous breast cancer, and who show signs of certain pre-cancerous conditions are among those who could benefit from the surgery. A woman with a mutation of known significance must consider her quantifiable risk in making the very personal decision to have her breasts and ovaries removed or pursuing other options, such as more extensive screening for breast and ovarian cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts recommend women proceed cautiously, and receive a second opinion before deciding to have this surgery. The American Cancer Society Board of Directors has stated that 'only very strong clinical and/or pathologic indications warrant doing this type of preventive operation.' Nonetheless, after careful consideration, this might be the right choice for some women.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For some women, yes. But, while mutations in the BRCA genes are fairly rare, the majority of women opting for preventive mastectomy are not at elevated risk, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/14/183892507/angelina-jolie-and-the-rise-of-preventive-mastectomies\" target=\"_blank\">NPR's Shots blog notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We found that women who have cancer in one breast overestimate their risk of cancer in the other breast by sixfold,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.surg.umn.edu/Faculty_Alpha/tuttle_todd_m/home.html\">Todd Tuttle\u003c/a>, chief of surgical oncology at the University of Minnesota. \"It's very exaggerated.\" ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increased awareness of breast cancer due to the ubiquitous pink ribbon campaigns could be fueling the rise in prophylactic mastectomies, some people say. \"Women have this exaggerated perceived risk of getting breast cancer,\" Tuttle told Shots. \"They see breast cancer everywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has not been an increase in prophylactic mastectomy in Europe, Tuttle notes, though women there have access to the same surgery and reconstruction. \"I wonder if part of the difference is this hyperawareness of breast cancer.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Berkeley-based journalist Peggy Orenstein \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/26/berkeley-journalist-takes-on-the-feel-good-war-on-breast-cancer/\" target=\"_blank\">took on the hyperawareness\u003c/a> of breast cancer in another New York Times venue, its Sunday magazine. Orenstein was first diagnosed with breast cancer 16 years ago. She had a lumpectomy plus radiation, then suffered a recurrence last year. Her only option was mastectomy, which she had on the affected breast. Yet she opted against preventive mastectomy on the other side. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/magazine/our-feel-good-war-on-breast-cancer.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">From her article\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>My first instinct this round was to have my other breast removed as well — I never wanted to go through this again. My oncologist argued against it. The tamoxifen would lower my risk of future disease to that of an average woman, he said. Would an average woman cut off her breasts? I could have preventive surgery if I wanted to, he added, but it would be a psychological decision, not a medical one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I weighed the options as my hospital date approached. Average risk, after all, is not zero. Could I live with that? Part of me still wanted to extinguish all threat. I have a 9-year-old daughter; I would do anything — I need to do \u003cem>everything\u003c/em> — to keep from dying. Yet, if death was the issue, the greatest danger wasn’t my other breast. It is that, despite treatment and a good prognosis, the cancer I’ve already had has metastasized. Preventive mastectomy wouldn’t change that; nor would it entirely eliminate the possibility of new disease, because there’s always some tissue left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did doing “everything” mean, anyway? There are days when I skip sunscreen. I don’t exercise as much as I should. I haven’t given up aged Gouda despite my latest cholesterol count; I don’t get enough calcium. And, oh, yeah, my house is six blocks from a fault line. Is living with a certain amount of breast-cancer risk really so different? I decided to take my doctor’s advice, to do only what had to be done.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, at Breast Cancer Action, spokeswoman Angela Wall points out that Jolie had access to \"all the information she needs.\" But in the interest of stating the obvious, that is not the case for every woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The genetic test for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/12/breast-cancer-gene-mutations-at-heart-of-supreme-court-case/\" target=\"_blank\">BRCA mutations\u003c/a> is held tightly by Myriad Genetics, so tightly that \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-biotech-industry-braces-for-gene-patenting-court-case/\" target=\"_blank\">a case questioning whether human genes are patentabl\u003c/a>e has made it the U.S. Supreme Court. Wall says that laboratories across the country could offer a comparable test for a fraction of the cost -- potentially opening up the test to more women -- but Myriad will not license it, making its $3,000 test a monopoly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Wall is supportive of Jolie's decision (\"This is an impossible decision and women do not make this choice lightly\"), she says the answer to breast cancer is not prophylactic mastectomy, it's prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It we want to get really serious about preventing breast cancer,\" she practically fumed over the phone, \"we need to do a lot more than celebrating a woman who has preventive mastectomy. ... What about all the other risk factors? The environmental risk factors?\" She advocates that what is needed are strong regulations to limit or ban known toxins that cause breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn more:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://health.clevelandclinic.org/2012/10/breast-cancer-do-your-genes-put-you-at-risk/?utm_campaign=cc+tweets&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&utm_content=130514+breast+cancer+genes&dynid=twitter-_-cc+tweets-_-social-_-social-_-130514+breast+cancer+genes\" target=\"_blank\">Breast Cancer -- Do Your Genes Put You At Risk? \u003c/a>(Cleveland Clinic)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet 'Off The Radar' of East Coast Policymakers",
"title": "Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet 'Off The Radar' of East Coast Policymakers",
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"content": "\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/rebecca-plevin\" target=\"_blank\">Rebecca Plevin\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/13/181880987/cases-of-mysterious-valley-fever-rise-in-american-southwest\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 462px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12696\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily-.jpg\" alt=\"(Daniel Casarez/Vida en el Valle/Reporting on Health Collaborative)\" width=\"462\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily-.jpg 462w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily--400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily--320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Daniel Casarez/Vida en el Valle/Reporting on Health Collaborative)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When she was just 6, Emily Gorospe became very tired and sick. The spunky girl, now 8, developed a fever that wouldn't go away, and red blotches appeared across her body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's got so much energy usually,\" says Emily's mother, Valerie Gorospe. \"Just walking from one part of the house ... she was drained.\" The little girl was also very pale. \"She just didn't look like herself,\" Valerie recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emily, who lives in the Central Valley town of Delano, was eventually diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/coccidioidomycosis/\">valley fever\u003c/a>, also known as coccidioidomycosis. She's one of an estimated 150,000 people nationwide who get the fungal disease every year. There is no cure and no vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Valley fever has afflicted about four times more people than West Nile virus, with thousands more going undiagnosed.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Valley fever is well known in the Central Valley and other areas of California and Arizona. Tiny fungal spores live in the soil throughout much of this arid region. When the spores are disturbed, they can be inhaled into the lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenscentralcal.org/OurDoctors/Pages/jmccarty.aspx\">James McCarty\u003c/a>, the medical director of infectious diseases at Children's Hospital Central California, says most people feel nothing, or experience symptoms similar to the flu. Common symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, chest pain, cough and sometimes skin rashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley fever can be a very serious disease for some people, McCarty says. It can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, like the central nervous system, bones or skin. It can be life-altering or even fatal.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"About five out of 100 patients will develop pneumonia,\" McCarty said. \"Then in about one out of 100 patients, valley fever will spread outside of the lungs and go to other parts of the body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Valley fever cases up nearly 900 percent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, valley fever numbers have soared so high that some health officials are calling it an epidemic. The disease has become \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=179895982\">a huge problem\u003c/a> in California's prisons. The state is being ordered to move inmates at high-risk of contracting the illness from two prisons where the fungus is rampant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the total number of valley fever cases nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\">rose by nearly 900 percent\u003c/a> from 1998 to 2011. Researchers don't have a good explanation for the dramatic increase. Even when accounting for growing populations throughout the Southwest, the numbers are still staggering.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What's really interesting ... is that the number of cases — the incidence of these cases — increased steadily throughout this time period, and really accelerated over the last few years,\" says Benjamin Park, a medical officer at the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relatively little is known about valley fever. No one knows how much exposure to the fungus it takes to contract the illness, or why some people die and others never know they have spores in their lungs. It's also unclear why the illness seems to strike African-Americans and Filipinos harder than the rest of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers do know this: People who work outside — like workers in construction and on farms — are at higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificcoastvineyards.com/about-us/\">Todd Schaefer\u003c/a>, a winemaker in Paso Robles, was running a bulldozer in his vineyard about 10 years ago. A few days later, he became very sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors said he had an ordinary form of pneumonia, and recommended that he go home and eat chicken soup. It took them a month to realize he had valley fever, and to start him on anti-fungal medication. By that time, the fungal infection had spread to his central nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think if they had caught it early, it would not have been allowed to disseminate through my body and set up shop in my brain and spinal cord,\" Schaefer says. \"That's the killer right there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaefer is 48; he'll take anti-fungal medication for the rest of his life. The medication has horrible side effects. One of the worst ones, for a winemaker, is that Schaefer can't drink his own wine while on the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drugs are keeping him alive, he says, but not necessarily healthy. The disease saps his energy and prevents him from working more than four or five hours a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an anti-fungal poison,\" he says. \"It doesn't kill it. It just keeps it down to a low roar.\"\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarty says if the disease is caught early, physicians have a better chance of keeping it at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do see patients in whom there's been a delay in diagnosis, and we believe this leads to more complicated and difficult-to-treat disease,\" McCarty says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say most cases are misdiagnosed or missed entirely. That's in part because of a lack of training and attention in the medical community, and because the symptoms are so varied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>East-coast bias among researchers, policymakers an issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is a lack of research and attention from policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Diseases that receive a lot of national attention tend to be diseases that occur in the East, and where they read about it in the [newspapers],\" says Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/epidem/personnel/grutherford2.html\">George Rutherford\u003c/a> of the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \"diseases that don't exist in that belt really fall off the radar screen,\" he says, \"and, unfortunately, valley fever is one of those diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseases that don't have a high profile also struggle for funding. Consider this: In the past 12 years, the National Institutes of Health has granted valley fever just 4 percent of the research funding it has directed toward \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/08/02/157832358/west-nile-virus-makes-a-comeback-this-summer\">West Nile virus\u003c/a>. But valley fever has afflicted about four times more people than West Nile, with thousands more going undiagnosed. Valley fever has killed many more people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since he contracted valley fever 10 years ago, Schaefer, the Paso Robles winemaker, has continued making award-winning pinot noirs. But even as his boutique winery prospers, his health is faltering. He's losing his memory, and the doctor expects he will suffer strokes and seizures in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This disease is ... not a fairytale,\" he says. \"It's an absolute nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the search for better treatments and, eventually, a vaccine continues, people throughout the Southwest United States will suffer from valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "When she was just 6, Emily Gorospe became very tired and sick. The spunky girl, now 8, developed a fever that wouldn't go away, and red blotches appeared across her body.\r\n\r\n\"She's got so much energy usually,\" says Emily's mother, Valerie Gorospe. \"Just walking from one part of the house ... she was drained.\" The little girl was also very pale. \"She just didn't look like herself,\" Valerie recalls.\r\n\r\nEmily, who lives in Delano, in California's Central Valley, was eventually diagnosed withvalley fever, also known as coccidioidomycosis. She's one of an estimated 150,000 people nationwide who get the fungal disease every year. There is no cure and no vaccine.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/rebecca-plevin\" target=\"_blank\">Rebecca Plevin\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/13/181880987/cases-of-mysterious-valley-fever-rise-in-american-southwest\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 462px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12696\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily-.jpg\" alt=\"(Daniel Casarez/Vida en el Valle/Reporting on Health Collaborative)\" width=\"462\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily-.jpg 462w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily--400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily--320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Daniel Casarez/Vida en el Valle/Reporting on Health Collaborative)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When she was just 6, Emily Gorospe became very tired and sick. The spunky girl, now 8, developed a fever that wouldn't go away, and red blotches appeared across her body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's got so much energy usually,\" says Emily's mother, Valerie Gorospe. \"Just walking from one part of the house ... she was drained.\" The little girl was also very pale. \"She just didn't look like herself,\" Valerie recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emily, who lives in the Central Valley town of Delano, was eventually diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/coccidioidomycosis/\">valley fever\u003c/a>, also known as coccidioidomycosis. She's one of an estimated 150,000 people nationwide who get the fungal disease every year. There is no cure and no vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Valley fever has afflicted about four times more people than West Nile virus, with thousands more going undiagnosed.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Valley fever is well known in the Central Valley and other areas of California and Arizona. Tiny fungal spores live in the soil throughout much of this arid region. When the spores are disturbed, they can be inhaled into the lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenscentralcal.org/OurDoctors/Pages/jmccarty.aspx\">James McCarty\u003c/a>, the medical director of infectious diseases at Children's Hospital Central California, says most people feel nothing, or experience symptoms similar to the flu. Common symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, chest pain, cough and sometimes skin rashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley fever can be a very serious disease for some people, McCarty says. It can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, like the central nervous system, bones or skin. It can be life-altering or even fatal.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"About five out of 100 patients will develop pneumonia,\" McCarty said. \"Then in about one out of 100 patients, valley fever will spread outside of the lungs and go to other parts of the body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Valley fever cases up nearly 900 percent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, valley fever numbers have soared so high that some health officials are calling it an epidemic. The disease has become \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=179895982\">a huge problem\u003c/a> in California's prisons. The state is being ordered to move inmates at high-risk of contracting the illness from two prisons where the fungus is rampant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the total number of valley fever cases nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\">rose by nearly 900 percent\u003c/a> from 1998 to 2011. Researchers don't have a good explanation for the dramatic increase. Even when accounting for growing populations throughout the Southwest, the numbers are still staggering.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What's really interesting ... is that the number of cases — the incidence of these cases — increased steadily throughout this time period, and really accelerated over the last few years,\" says Benjamin Park, a medical officer at the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relatively little is known about valley fever. No one knows how much exposure to the fungus it takes to contract the illness, or why some people die and others never know they have spores in their lungs. It's also unclear why the illness seems to strike African-Americans and Filipinos harder than the rest of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers do know this: People who work outside — like workers in construction and on farms — are at higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificcoastvineyards.com/about-us/\">Todd Schaefer\u003c/a>, a winemaker in Paso Robles, was running a bulldozer in his vineyard about 10 years ago. A few days later, he became very sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors said he had an ordinary form of pneumonia, and recommended that he go home and eat chicken soup. It took them a month to realize he had valley fever, and to start him on anti-fungal medication. By that time, the fungal infection had spread to his central nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think if they had caught it early, it would not have been allowed to disseminate through my body and set up shop in my brain and spinal cord,\" Schaefer says. \"That's the killer right there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaefer is 48; he'll take anti-fungal medication for the rest of his life. The medication has horrible side effects. One of the worst ones, for a winemaker, is that Schaefer can't drink his own wine while on the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drugs are keeping him alive, he says, but not necessarily healthy. The disease saps his energy and prevents him from working more than four or five hours a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an anti-fungal poison,\" he says. \"It doesn't kill it. It just keeps it down to a low roar.\"\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarty says if the disease is caught early, physicians have a better chance of keeping it at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do see patients in whom there's been a delay in diagnosis, and we believe this leads to more complicated and difficult-to-treat disease,\" McCarty says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say most cases are misdiagnosed or missed entirely. That's in part because of a lack of training and attention in the medical community, and because the symptoms are so varied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>East-coast bias among researchers, policymakers an issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is a lack of research and attention from policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Diseases that receive a lot of national attention tend to be diseases that occur in the East, and where they read about it in the [newspapers],\" says Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/epidem/personnel/grutherford2.html\">George Rutherford\u003c/a> of the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \"diseases that don't exist in that belt really fall off the radar screen,\" he says, \"and, unfortunately, valley fever is one of those diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseases that don't have a high profile also struggle for funding. Consider this: In the past 12 years, the National Institutes of Health has granted valley fever just 4 percent of the research funding it has directed toward \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/08/02/157832358/west-nile-virus-makes-a-comeback-this-summer\">West Nile virus\u003c/a>. But valley fever has afflicted about four times more people than West Nile, with thousands more going undiagnosed. Valley fever has killed many more people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since he contracted valley fever 10 years ago, Schaefer, the Paso Robles winemaker, has continued making award-winning pinot noirs. But even as his boutique winery prospers, his health is faltering. He's losing his memory, and the doctor expects he will suffer strokes and seizures in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This disease is ... not a fairytale,\" he says. \"It's an absolute nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the search for better treatments and, eventually, a vaccine continues, people throughout the Southwest United States will suffer from valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mark Bittman Talks Up Part-Time Veganism (and Delivers 3 Easy Recipes)",
"title": "Mark Bittman Talks Up Part-Time Veganism (and Delivers 3 Easy Recipes)",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12663\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/10/mark-bittman-talks-up-part-time-veganism-and-delivers-3-easy-recipes/assortment-of-fresh-vegetables-and-fruit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12663\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12663\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Bittman-Vegan-Before-6-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all started with a prescription from his doctor, but not for a drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You should probably become a vegan,\" New York Times food writer Mark Bittman says his doctor told him. That was six years ago. Then 57, Bittman says he was 40 pounds overweight, and his cholesterol and blood sugar which had always been normal, had moved into the \"danger zone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bittman had built his career around food, and being a vegan didn't appeal to him, as he recounted this week on\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201305090900\" target=\"_blank\"> KQED's Forum\u003c/a>. \"I wanted ... something do-able, something I could stick with,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hatched the idea of being vegan until dinner -- \"you're only postponing gratitude\" until then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems to have worked. Today, he's 35 pounds lighter and he says his blood sugar and cholesterol are back in the normal range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he has recounted his experience in a new book, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/VB6-Before-Weight-Restore-Health/dp/0385344740\" target=\"_blank\">VB6: Eat Vegan Before 6:00 to Restore Your Health and Lose Weight ... for Good.\u003c/a>\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His approach shatters the idea of a diet as being something you go on and then at some point go off. \"It's not a diet of 'lose 21 pounds in 21 days,'\" he says. \"It's a plan for how you're going to eat, not for a month, but from now on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, Bittman eats very few animal products before 6pm -- one allowance he makes is for cream in his coffee. He also avoids highly processed foods such as white rice, white pasta, all junk food and alcohol. For breakfast, often it's oatmeal, fot lunch, rice and beans, or a salad, or both. He snacks on nuts and fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 6PM, he reverts to his \"wicked ways,\" at least in theory. Bittman found that once he started losing weight, he felt better, which was powerful incentive to keep eating a more healthy diet. Today, even after 6PM, he eats fewer animal products than he used to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He embraced a vegan diet (even if part-time) because the \"writing has been on the wall for a long time that a plant-based diet is the way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Forum, he argued strongly against processed foods. \"As far as a daily diet goes,\" he said, \"the reason that plants are better than processed foods is that they're real, they have one ingredient ... we know what's in them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal products, he pointed out, are full of nutrients, but we eat \"way too much of them,\" around 600 pounds per person annually in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only are all those animal products bad for your health, it's \"not sustainable environmentally,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His approach is alluring, since he's allowing freedom from rules. \"I like to punctuate my day with a nice meal and a glass or three or wine,\" he joked. \"And I like to stop thinking about rules ... when I'm done working. Dinner does that for me.\" He pointed out that plenty of research shows that eating your big meal in the middle of the day is likely better for you, but that \"doesn't work for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now you might be wondering how you would actually put this into action. On Forum, he easily listed three dishes, each endlessly variable, that even a basic cook could whip up:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rice and beans\u003c/strong>: He described a recent meal of brown rice, chick peas, chopped kale and stir-frying it with jalapeno and cilantro. \"It was really fantastic. That was a great lunch,\" he enthused. (Note that he specified whole grain rice.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Chopped salad\u003c/strong>. Just take things out of your fridge, \"start chopping them up, put them in a bowl, you're in business.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Stir fry\u003c/strong>. \"Instead of having center-of-the-plate meat, you're having two ounces of meat per person -- or even less -- a much more moderate amount, mixed with vegetables in a style most people like.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>A caller asked where to begin if you're cooking for a family. He advised starting with breakfast, getting rid of \"everything that is not a whole-grain alternative.\" He recommended smoothies with fruit and soy milk or almond milk, oatmeal with \"stuff in it, whatever reasonable thing you want,\" or a fruit salad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with his suggestions, he said \"everybody's got to ... tinker with this a bit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just a strategy, but it's not the only strategy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Mark Bittman on Forum:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201305090900.xml\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201305090900.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "It all started with a prescription from his doctor, but not for a drug. "You should probably become a vegan," New York Times food writer Mark Bittman says his doctor told him. That was six years ago. Then 57, Bittman says he was 40 pounds overweight, and his cholesterol and blood sugar which had always",
"title": "Mark Bittman Talks Up Part-Time Veganism (and Delivers 3 Easy Recipes) | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12663\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/10/mark-bittman-talks-up-part-time-veganism-and-delivers-3-easy-recipes/assortment-of-fresh-vegetables-and-fruit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12663\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12663\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Bittman-Vegan-Before-6-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all started with a prescription from his doctor, but not for a drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You should probably become a vegan,\" New York Times food writer Mark Bittman says his doctor told him. That was six years ago. Then 57, Bittman says he was 40 pounds overweight, and his cholesterol and blood sugar which had always been normal, had moved into the \"danger zone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bittman had built his career around food, and being a vegan didn't appeal to him, as he recounted this week on\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201305090900\" target=\"_blank\"> KQED's Forum\u003c/a>. \"I wanted ... something do-able, something I could stick with,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hatched the idea of being vegan until dinner -- \"you're only postponing gratitude\" until then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems to have worked. Today, he's 35 pounds lighter and he says his blood sugar and cholesterol are back in the normal range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he has recounted his experience in a new book, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/VB6-Before-Weight-Restore-Health/dp/0385344740\" target=\"_blank\">VB6: Eat Vegan Before 6:00 to Restore Your Health and Lose Weight ... for Good.\u003c/a>\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His approach shatters the idea of a diet as being something you go on and then at some point go off. \"It's not a diet of 'lose 21 pounds in 21 days,'\" he says. \"It's a plan for how you're going to eat, not for a month, but from now on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, Bittman eats very few animal products before 6pm -- one allowance he makes is for cream in his coffee. He also avoids highly processed foods such as white rice, white pasta, all junk food and alcohol. For breakfast, often it's oatmeal, fot lunch, rice and beans, or a salad, or both. He snacks on nuts and fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 6PM, he reverts to his \"wicked ways,\" at least in theory. Bittman found that once he started losing weight, he felt better, which was powerful incentive to keep eating a more healthy diet. Today, even after 6PM, he eats fewer animal products than he used to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He embraced a vegan diet (even if part-time) because the \"writing has been on the wall for a long time that a plant-based diet is the way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Forum, he argued strongly against processed foods. \"As far as a daily diet goes,\" he said, \"the reason that plants are better than processed foods is that they're real, they have one ingredient ... we know what's in them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal products, he pointed out, are full of nutrients, but we eat \"way too much of them,\" around 600 pounds per person annually in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only are all those animal products bad for your health, it's \"not sustainable environmentally,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His approach is alluring, since he's allowing freedom from rules. \"I like to punctuate my day with a nice meal and a glass or three or wine,\" he joked. \"And I like to stop thinking about rules ... when I'm done working. Dinner does that for me.\" He pointed out that plenty of research shows that eating your big meal in the middle of the day is likely better for you, but that \"doesn't work for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now you might be wondering how you would actually put this into action. On Forum, he easily listed three dishes, each endlessly variable, that even a basic cook could whip up:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rice and beans\u003c/strong>: He described a recent meal of brown rice, chick peas, chopped kale and stir-frying it with jalapeno and cilantro. \"It was really fantastic. That was a great lunch,\" he enthused. (Note that he specified whole grain rice.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Chopped salad\u003c/strong>. Just take things out of your fridge, \"start chopping them up, put them in a bowl, you're in business.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Stir fry\u003c/strong>. \"Instead of having center-of-the-plate meat, you're having two ounces of meat per person -- or even less -- a much more moderate amount, mixed with vegetables in a style most people like.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>A caller asked where to begin if you're cooking for a family. He advised starting with breakfast, getting rid of \"everything that is not a whole-grain alternative.\" He recommended smoothies with fruit and soy milk or almond milk, oatmeal with \"stuff in it, whatever reasonable thing you want,\" or a fruit salad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with his suggestions, he said \"everybody's got to ... tinker with this a bit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just a strategy, but it's not the only strategy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Mark Bittman on Forum:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201305090900.xml\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cembed width=\"335\" height=\"85\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201305090900.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Open-Campus Policies Eat Away at School Nutrition",
"title": "Open-Campus Policies Eat Away at School Nutrition",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/person/katharine-mieszkowski\" target=\"_blank\">Katharine Mieszkowski\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/open-campus-policy-eats-away-school-nutrition-effort-4475\" target=\"_blank\"> Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12636\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/09/eating-away-at-school-nutrition/bongoburger/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12636\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12636\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BongoBurger-620x412.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Sowko, a sophomore at Berkeley High School, leaves Bongo Burger after lunching off-campus. School officials say one-tenth of the students take advantage of the healthy lunch served in the school cafeteria. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley High School students have lunch off-campus at Bongo Burger. School officials say one-tenth of the students take advantage of the healthy lunch served in the school cafeteria. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At lunchtime, hundreds of Berkeley High School students rush off campus, leaving behind healthy meals served in the cafeteria. Many of them head to Bongo Burger, Top Dog and other joints selling high-fat, high-sugar alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six miles away at Oakland High School, the cafeteria is mobbed. There are not enough seats for everyone, so some students eat lunch outside on picnic tables while others eat in classrooms. No one goes off campus to pick up food from Wingstop or the AMPM convenience store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference? The Oakland High students are no longer allowed to leave campus during lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley High, where famed chef Alice Waters’ nonprofit, \u003ca href=\"http://edibleschoolyard.org/\">the Edible Schoolyard Project\u003c/a>, has consulted on the menu, school officials say one-tenth of the students take advantage of the healthy lunch on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Kids could be eating a good meal for free, or they could be running off campus, and in a hurry ... they’re going to buy the Flamin’ Hot Cheetos and a Coke.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In recent years, lawmakers, regulators and school districts have tried to improve students’ health by curbing the sale of junk food and\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>tightening nutritional standards for school food. But those efforts are undermined when students can leave campus to eat whatever they want, as they can at dozens of Bay Area high schools. Based on the experience in Oakland, closing campuses while offering free lunches can be an effective strategy. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First lady Michelle Obama has made improving what students eat a signature cause. Just this school year, cafeterias nationwide have been implementing new nutritional standards for the lunches they serve. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is working on new regulations for all other foods sold in schools, including from vending machines. But the idea of keeping kids on campus so that they eat healthy lunches is not part of the national debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Unified School District closed the Oakland High campus last fall to cut down on absenteeism after lunch and reduce break-ins, drug use and trespassing in surrounding neighborhoods, said then-Principal Jeffrey Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Last year, 83 percent of the students signed up to receive free or reduced-price lunches. This year, with the help of a federal program, the school began offering free lunches to every student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12625\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/09/eating-away-at-school-nutrition/oakfood05_noahberger_cir/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12625\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12625\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/oakfood05_NoahBerger_CIR-300x171.jpg\" alt=\"Lunchtime at Oakland High School The Oakland Unified School District switched to a closed-campus lunch last fall, and the school now offers free lunches to every student. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"300\" height=\"171\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lunchtime at Oakland High School The Oakland Unified School District switched to a closed-campus lunch last fall, and the school now offers free lunches to every student. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Why go hungry?” read signs on the cafeteria wall near the lunch lines. “Every wildcat gets free lunch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offering all students free lunch eliminates the stigma of eating lunch from the cafeteria, since even students from better-off families can now eat there for free. Each free lunch costs taxpayers $3.11, including food and labor, said Jennifer LeBarre, director of nutrition services for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.k12.ca.us/site/default.aspx?PageID=1\">Oakland Unified School District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accommodate the increased demand, a former teachers lounge now hosts one of several new serving lines where students pick up their lunches. Some meals, such as boxed sandwiches and salads, are served outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of students now take advantage of the school lunches, which include more whole grains, fruits and vegetables under new federal standards, up from 39 percent in fall 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland district has seen similar results at Fremont High School, which closed its campus during lunch three years ago. At Fremont, demand for school lunches rose from 18 percent of students to 37 percent in a year. With the addition of free lunches for everyone this year, a little more than half of Fremont’s students eat the cafeteria meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 in 3 high school campuses across the country allow students to leave campus during lunch, \u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2012/rwjf73231\">according to a report\u003c/a> last year from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The right thing to do from the public health standpoint is to close the campuses,” said Mark Gottlieb, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.phaionline.org/\">Public Health Advocacy Institute\u003c/a>, which published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.phaionline.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/otm_open_campus_lunch.pdf\">2009 research report\u003c/a> on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, about 60 percent of students in all grade levels at schools that participate in the National School Lunch Program eat the meals, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/\">USDA's Food and Nutrition Service\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12616\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/09/eating-away-at-school-nutrition/berkfood03_schoollunch_noahberger_cir/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12616\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12616\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/berkfood03_SchoolLunch_NoahBerger_CIR-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Cyrus Stenstedt, second from right, a freshman at Berkeley High School, drinks soda while lunching off-campus at Top Dog near the school. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley High School having lunch at off-campus popular restaurant Top Dog near the school. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stricter nutrition standards for school lunches went into effect nationwide this school year, requiring more fruits, vegetables and whole grains on students’ plates. California has its own restrictions on the calories, fat and sugar in a la carte items for sale in cafeterias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closing the Oakland High campus has improved some students’ appetite for school food, even if they’d rather be eating somewhere else. On a recent day, Sean Hawkins, a 17-year-old senior, was eating mashed potatoes and chicken from the Oakland High cafeteria, which he pronounced “not bad.\"\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish we had some real pizza that tasted just like Domino’s,” he said. “I eat (cafeteria food) because I’m hungry. I eat it just because I’m here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was loud grumbling from some students when the campus closed during\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>lunch, said Rogers, the former\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>principal. “They love the carrots – not to eat, to throw,” he said. Initially, some kids tried to order in food from off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students say they still miss leaving campus for lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve tried everything that they have here,” said Deon Hardy, 16, a sophomore who was eating apple slices and pepperoni pizza made with low-fat cheese and a whole-grain crust. “I’m tired of eating the same thing every day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on a closed campus, there are other options, including eating nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen students eating home lunches, take out that is brought to them, or not eating,” LeBarre, the Oakland nutrition services director, wrote in an email. “Some even share lunches which is rather strange considering everyone eats for free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lunch period is 40 minutes long, which some students say is too short to wait in line for lunch. The cafeteria sells snack foods, though the treats have less fat and sugar than those sold off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninth-grader Aliya Thongkham,14, was having baked Flamin’ Hot Cheetos and a Switch sparkling juice for lunch. Aliya, who was painting a friend’s nails pink, said she was too busy to stand in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The line is really long,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In neighboring Berkeley, public school students start learning about nutrition and healthy eating even before they can read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has an extensive cooking and gardening program, which begins in preschool, although much of its funding is now in peril because of a reduction in federal funding. The Edible Schoolyard Project, started by Waters, runs the cooking and organic gardening program at one middle school and has been involved in efforts to improve cafeteria menus districtwide.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School cafeterias in Berkeley boast healthy menus that exceed national and state nutritional requirements. “We have eliminated all processed food, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated oils, high fructose corn syrup, refined sugars, refined flour, chemicals, dies (sic), additives and nitrates,” the district’s website says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the school district celebrates fresh local food, some of the city’s teenagers are not interested in joining the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two blocks from the high school, Collin Shelby, a 17-year-old junior, was having french fries and a chocolate shake for lunch with a friend at BurgerMeister on a recent school day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just want the stuff to taste good,” he said. “We don’t care that much about how healthy it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, 927 Berkeley High students signed up to receive free and reduced-price meals; they are eligible because of their families’ low incomes. But on a typical day, 325 kids eat the school lunch, said Marni Posey, director of nutrition services for the Berkeley Unified School District. The school has 3,176 students. School officials say waste is minimized because they can anticipate the number of meals needed, which has varied little over the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It chafes Posey to see students flocking off campus, but she wonders how the high school cafeteria, which is “very small,” could accommodate the demands of a closed campus. “It would also change the whole instructional time,” she said. “We couldn’t serve that many students in one sitting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Café Clem, Berkeley High students line up out the door for grilled cheese sandwiches and Nutella sandwiches. But some students chose the healthier options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella Holton-McCoy, 15, a sophomore who was buying a green salad with a baguette, said she loves having lunch off campus: “It gives us freedom, and it gives us more choices of things to eat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some educators agree that high school students should be allowed to leave campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In theory, I’m for the open campus in high school,” said Esther Cook, head chef teacher for the \u003ca href=\"http://edibleschoolyard.org/esy-berkeley\">Edible Schoolyard Berkeley\u003c/a>. “It is time for kids to start to learn to navigate and make those choices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But students without much money have a tough time making healthy choices off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids could be eating a good meal for free,” said Ellen Braff-Guajardo, senior nutrition policy advocate for \u003ca href=\"http://cfpa.net/\">California Food Policy Advocates\u003c/a>. “Or they could be running off campus, and in a hurry, and maybe if they don’t have too much money in their pocket, they’re going to buy the Flamin’ Hot Cheetos and a Coke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Katharine Mieszkowski's radio story, produced by Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F91447576\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting is the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiawatch.org\">www.cironline.org\u003c/a>. You can contact the reporter at kmieszkowski@cironline.org. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "At lunchtime, hundreds of Berkeley High School students rush off campus, leaving behind healthy meals served in the cafeteria. Many of them head to Bongo Burger, Top Dog and other joints selling high-fat, high-sugar alternatives.\r\n\r\nSix miles away at Oakland High School, the cafeteria is mobbed. There are not enough seats for everyone, so some students eat lunch outside on picnic tables while others eat in classrooms. No one goes off campus to pick up food from Wingstop or the AMPM convenience store.",
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"description": "At lunchtime, hundreds of Berkeley High School students rush off campus, leaving behind healthy meals served in the cafeteria. Many of them head to Bongo Burger, Top Dog and other joints selling high-fat, high-sugar alternatives.\r\n\r\nSix miles away at Oakland High School, the cafeteria is mobbed. There are not enough seats for everyone, so some students eat lunch outside on picnic tables while others eat in classrooms. No one goes off campus to pick up food from Wingstop or the AMPM convenience store.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/person/katharine-mieszkowski\" target=\"_blank\">Katharine Mieszkowski\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/open-campus-policy-eats-away-school-nutrition-effort-4475\" target=\"_blank\"> Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12636\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/09/eating-away-at-school-nutrition/bongoburger/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12636\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12636\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/BongoBurger-620x412.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Sowko, a sophomore at Berkeley High School, leaves Bongo Burger after lunching off-campus. School officials say one-tenth of the students take advantage of the healthy lunch served in the school cafeteria. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley High School students have lunch off-campus at Bongo Burger. School officials say one-tenth of the students take advantage of the healthy lunch served in the school cafeteria. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At lunchtime, hundreds of Berkeley High School students rush off campus, leaving behind healthy meals served in the cafeteria. Many of them head to Bongo Burger, Top Dog and other joints selling high-fat, high-sugar alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six miles away at Oakland High School, the cafeteria is mobbed. There are not enough seats for everyone, so some students eat lunch outside on picnic tables while others eat in classrooms. No one goes off campus to pick up food from Wingstop or the AMPM convenience store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference? The Oakland High students are no longer allowed to leave campus during lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley High, where famed chef Alice Waters’ nonprofit, \u003ca href=\"http://edibleschoolyard.org/\">the Edible Schoolyard Project\u003c/a>, has consulted on the menu, school officials say one-tenth of the students take advantage of the healthy lunch on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Kids could be eating a good meal for free, or they could be running off campus, and in a hurry ... they’re going to buy the Flamin’ Hot Cheetos and a Coke.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In recent years, lawmakers, regulators and school districts have tried to improve students’ health by curbing the sale of junk food and\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>tightening nutritional standards for school food. But those efforts are undermined when students can leave campus to eat whatever they want, as they can at dozens of Bay Area high schools. Based on the experience in Oakland, closing campuses while offering free lunches can be an effective strategy. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First lady Michelle Obama has made improving what students eat a signature cause. Just this school year, cafeterias nationwide have been implementing new nutritional standards for the lunches they serve. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is working on new regulations for all other foods sold in schools, including from vending machines. But the idea of keeping kids on campus so that they eat healthy lunches is not part of the national debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Unified School District closed the Oakland High campus last fall to cut down on absenteeism after lunch and reduce break-ins, drug use and trespassing in surrounding neighborhoods, said then-Principal Jeffrey Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Last year, 83 percent of the students signed up to receive free or reduced-price lunches. This year, with the help of a federal program, the school began offering free lunches to every student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12625\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/09/eating-away-at-school-nutrition/oakfood05_noahberger_cir/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12625\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12625\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/oakfood05_NoahBerger_CIR-300x171.jpg\" alt=\"Lunchtime at Oakland High School The Oakland Unified School District switched to a closed-campus lunch last fall, and the school now offers free lunches to every student. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"300\" height=\"171\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lunchtime at Oakland High School The Oakland Unified School District switched to a closed-campus lunch last fall, and the school now offers free lunches to every student. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Why go hungry?” read signs on the cafeteria wall near the lunch lines. “Every wildcat gets free lunch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offering all students free lunch eliminates the stigma of eating lunch from the cafeteria, since even students from better-off families can now eat there for free. Each free lunch costs taxpayers $3.11, including food and labor, said Jennifer LeBarre, director of nutrition services for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.k12.ca.us/site/default.aspx?PageID=1\">Oakland Unified School District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accommodate the increased demand, a former teachers lounge now hosts one of several new serving lines where students pick up their lunches. Some meals, such as boxed sandwiches and salads, are served outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of students now take advantage of the school lunches, which include more whole grains, fruits and vegetables under new federal standards, up from 39 percent in fall 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland district has seen similar results at Fremont High School, which closed its campus during lunch three years ago. At Fremont, demand for school lunches rose from 18 percent of students to 37 percent in a year. With the addition of free lunches for everyone this year, a little more than half of Fremont’s students eat the cafeteria meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 in 3 high school campuses across the country allow students to leave campus during lunch, \u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2012/rwjf73231\">according to a report\u003c/a> last year from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The right thing to do from the public health standpoint is to close the campuses,” said Mark Gottlieb, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.phaionline.org/\">Public Health Advocacy Institute\u003c/a>, which published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.phaionline.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/otm_open_campus_lunch.pdf\">2009 research report\u003c/a> on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, about 60 percent of students in all grade levels at schools that participate in the National School Lunch Program eat the meals, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/\">USDA's Food and Nutrition Service\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12616\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/09/eating-away-at-school-nutrition/berkfood03_schoollunch_noahberger_cir/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12616\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12616\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/berkfood03_SchoolLunch_NoahBerger_CIR-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Cyrus Stenstedt, second from right, a freshman at Berkeley High School, drinks soda while lunching off-campus at Top Dog near the school. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley High School having lunch at off-campus popular restaurant Top Dog near the school. (Noah Berger/Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stricter nutrition standards for school lunches went into effect nationwide this school year, requiring more fruits, vegetables and whole grains on students’ plates. California has its own restrictions on the calories, fat and sugar in a la carte items for sale in cafeterias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closing the Oakland High campus has improved some students’ appetite for school food, even if they’d rather be eating somewhere else. On a recent day, Sean Hawkins, a 17-year-old senior, was eating mashed potatoes and chicken from the Oakland High cafeteria, which he pronounced “not bad.\"\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish we had some real pizza that tasted just like Domino’s,” he said. “I eat (cafeteria food) because I’m hungry. I eat it just because I’m here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was loud grumbling from some students when the campus closed during\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>lunch, said Rogers, the former\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>principal. “They love the carrots – not to eat, to throw,” he said. Initially, some kids tried to order in food from off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students say they still miss leaving campus for lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve tried everything that they have here,” said Deon Hardy, 16, a sophomore who was eating apple slices and pepperoni pizza made with low-fat cheese and a whole-grain crust. “I’m tired of eating the same thing every day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on a closed campus, there are other options, including eating nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen students eating home lunches, take out that is brought to them, or not eating,” LeBarre, the Oakland nutrition services director, wrote in an email. “Some even share lunches which is rather strange considering everyone eats for free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lunch period is 40 minutes long, which some students say is too short to wait in line for lunch. The cafeteria sells snack foods, though the treats have less fat and sugar than those sold off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninth-grader Aliya Thongkham,14, was having baked Flamin’ Hot Cheetos and a Switch sparkling juice for lunch. Aliya, who was painting a friend’s nails pink, said she was too busy to stand in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The line is really long,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In neighboring Berkeley, public school students start learning about nutrition and healthy eating even before they can read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has an extensive cooking and gardening program, which begins in preschool, although much of its funding is now in peril because of a reduction in federal funding. The Edible Schoolyard Project, started by Waters, runs the cooking and organic gardening program at one middle school and has been involved in efforts to improve cafeteria menus districtwide.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School cafeterias in Berkeley boast healthy menus that exceed national and state nutritional requirements. “We have eliminated all processed food, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated oils, high fructose corn syrup, refined sugars, refined flour, chemicals, dies (sic), additives and nitrates,” the district’s website says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the school district celebrates fresh local food, some of the city’s teenagers are not interested in joining the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two blocks from the high school, Collin Shelby, a 17-year-old junior, was having french fries and a chocolate shake for lunch with a friend at BurgerMeister on a recent school day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just want the stuff to taste good,” he said. “We don’t care that much about how healthy it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, 927 Berkeley High students signed up to receive free and reduced-price meals; they are eligible because of their families’ low incomes. But on a typical day, 325 kids eat the school lunch, said Marni Posey, director of nutrition services for the Berkeley Unified School District. The school has 3,176 students. School officials say waste is minimized because they can anticipate the number of meals needed, which has varied little over the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It chafes Posey to see students flocking off campus, but she wonders how the high school cafeteria, which is “very small,” could accommodate the demands of a closed campus. “It would also change the whole instructional time,” she said. “We couldn’t serve that many students in one sitting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Café Clem, Berkeley High students line up out the door for grilled cheese sandwiches and Nutella sandwiches. But some students chose the healthier options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella Holton-McCoy, 15, a sophomore who was buying a green salad with a baguette, said she loves having lunch off campus: “It gives us freedom, and it gives us more choices of things to eat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some educators agree that high school students should be allowed to leave campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In theory, I’m for the open campus in high school,” said Esther Cook, head chef teacher for the \u003ca href=\"http://edibleschoolyard.org/esy-berkeley\">Edible Schoolyard Berkeley\u003c/a>. “It is time for kids to start to learn to navigate and make those choices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But students without much money have a tough time making healthy choices off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids could be eating a good meal for free,” said Ellen Braff-Guajardo, senior nutrition policy advocate for \u003ca href=\"http://cfpa.net/\">California Food Policy Advocates\u003c/a>. “Or they could be running off campus, and in a hurry, and maybe if they don’t have too much money in their pocket, they’re going to buy the Flamin’ Hot Cheetos and a Coke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Katharine Mieszkowski's radio story, produced by Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F91447576\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting is the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiawatch.org\">www.cironline.org\u003c/a>. You can contact the reporter at kmieszkowski@cironline.org. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rarely Mentioned Medical Mistake: Patients Harmed by High Rates of Misdiagnosis",
"title": "Rarely Mentioned Medical Mistake: Patients Harmed by High Rates of Misdiagnosis",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Sandra G. Boodman\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2013/May/07/doctor-errors-misdiagnosis-more-common-than-known-serious-impact.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12578\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 508px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/07/doctors-mistakes-in-diagnosis-rarely-mentioned-harm-patients/mistake_gettyimages_thinkstock/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12578\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12578\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Mistake_GettyImages_Thinkstock.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"508\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Mistake_GettyImages_Thinkstock.jpg 508w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Mistake_GettyImages_Thinkstock-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Mistake_GettyImages_Thinkstock-320x212.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Until it happened to him, Dr. Itzhak Brook, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at Georgetown University School of Medicine, didn't think much about the problem of misdiagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was before doctors at a Maryland hospital repeatedly told Brook his throat pain was the result of acid reflux, not cancer. The correct diagnosis was made by an astute resident who found the tumor -- the size of a peach pit -- using a simple procedure. The experienced head and neck surgeons who regularly examined Brook had never tried it. Because the cancer had grown undetected for seven months, Brook was forced to undergo surgery to remove his voice box, a procedure that has left him speaking in a whisper. He believes that might not have been necessary had the cancer been found earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I consider myself lucky to be alive,\" said Brook, now 72, of the 2006 ordeal, which he described at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinscme.edu/CourseDetail.aspx/80028747\">recent international conference\u003c/a> on diagnostic mistakes held in Baltimore. A physician for 40 years, Brook said he was \"really shocked\" by his misdiagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Misdiagnosis “happens all the time ... This is an enormous problem.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But patient safety experts say Brook's experience is far from rare. Diagnoses that are missed, incorrect or delayed are believed to affect \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1362034\">10 to 20 percent\u003c/a> of cases, far exceeding drug errors and surgery on the wrong patient or body part, both of which have received considerably more attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies underscore the extent and potential impact of such errors. To cite just two examples:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>In \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1108559\" target=\"_blank\">a 2009 report\u003c/a> of nearly 600 diagnostic mistakes, a full 28 percent of them were life-threatening or resulted in either death or permanent disability\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Another \u003ca href=\"http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/early/2012/07/23/bmjqs-2012-000803.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">analysis last year\u003c/a> found that 40,500 people die annually due to fatal diagnostic errors in U.S. intensive care units. That's roughly equal to the number of deaths each year from breast cancer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Misdiagnosis \"happens all the time,\" said \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/experts/profiles/team_member_profile/516F40C024FCA3D4B4B633D0E080FE1B/David_Newman-Toker\">David Newman-Toker\u003c/a>, who studies diagnostic errors and helped organize the recent international conference. \"This is an enormous problem, the hidden part of the iceberg of medical errors that dwarfs\" other kinds of mistakes, said Newman-Toker, an associate professor of neurology and otolaryngology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Studies repeatedly have found that diagnostic errors, which are more common in primary-care settings, typically result from flawed ways of thinking, sometimes coupled with negligence, and not because a disease is rare or exotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their prevalence and impact, such mistakes have been largely ignored, Newman-Toker and others say. They were mentioned only twice in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/1999/To-Err-is-Human-Building-A-Safer-Health-System.aspx\">Institute of Medicine's landmark 1999 report\u003c/a> on medical errors, an omission some patient safety experts attribute to difficulties measuring such mistakes, the lack of obvious solutions and generalized resistance to addressing the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You need data to start doing anything,\" said internist \u003ca href=\"http://www.rti.org/newsroom/news.cfm?obj=EF576FDC-5056-B100-0C98FF173CFB5D3F\">Mark L. Graber\u003c/a>, founding president of the Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine and a leading errors researcher. Despite dozens of quality measures, Graber said, he is unaware of \"a single hospital in this country trying to count diagnostic errors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years, a confluence of factors has elevated the long-overlooked issue. In his 2007 bestseller, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jeromegroopman.com/how-doctors-think.html\">How Doctors Think\u003c/a>,\" Boston hematologist-oncologist Jerome Groopman vividly deconstructed the flawed thought processes that underlie many diagnostic errors, including several he made during his long career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, an influential cadre of medical leaders has been pushing for greater attention to the problem. They cite concerns about the growing complexity of medicine and increasing fragmentation of the health-care system, as well as relentless time pressures squeezing doctors and the overuse of expensive, high-tech tests that have supplanted traditional hands-on skills of physical diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicity about the death last year of 12-year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/26/nyregion/tale-of-rory-stauntons-death-prompts-new-medical-efforts-nationwide.html\">Rory Staunton\u003c/a>, sent home from an emergency room in New York after doctors missed the raging systemic infection that quickly killed him, have put a human face on the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the reasons it's time to begin looking at it is that so many of the quality measures we use now assume that the diagnosis is the right one in the first place,\" said Christine Cassel, president of the American Board of Internal Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if it's not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a much-cited essay, Robert Wachter, associate chair of the Department of Medicine at the University of California at San Francisco, wrote that a hospital could earn \"performance incentives for giving all of its patients diagnosed with heart failure, pneumonia and heart attack the correct, evidence-based and prompt care -- even if every one of the diagnoses was wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No obvious fix\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike drug errors and wrong-site surgery -- mistakes that patient safety experts consider to be \"low-hanging fruit\" amenable to solutions such as color-coded labels and preoperative timeouts by the surgical team -- there is no easy or obvious fix for diagnostic errors. Many are complex and multifaceted, and may not be discovered for years if ever, said Graber, a senior fellow at RTI International, a research firm based in Research Triangle Park, N.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is probably nothing more cognitively complicated\" than a diagnosis, he said, \"and the fact that we get it right as often as we do is amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors often don't know when they've gotten it wrong. Some patients affected by misdiagnosis simply find a new doctor. Unless the mistake results in a lawsuit, the original physician is unlikely to learn that he blew it -- particularly if the discovery is delayed. While diagnostic errors are a leading cause of malpractice litigation, the vast majority do not result in legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is another reason such mistakes have been long ignored: They are regarded as an unusually personal failure in a profession where diagnostic acumen is considered the gold standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This really gets to who we are as clinicians,\" said internist Robert Trowbridge, who directs the medicine clerkship program for Tufts University medical students at Maine Medical Center in Portland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overconfidence in our abilities is a major part of the problem,\" said Graber, who believes doctors have gotten a pass for too long when it comes to diagnostic accuracy. \"Physicians don't know how error-prone they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, he noted, wrongly believe that the problem is \"the other guy\" and that they don't make mistakes. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.quantiamd.com/q-qcp/QuantiaMD_PreventingDiagnosticErrors_Whitepaper_1.pdf\">2011 survey\u003c/a> of more than 6,000 physicians found that 96 percent felt that diagnostic errors are preventable; nearly half said they encountered them at least once a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Maine Medical Center, Trowbridge spearheaded a pilot program launched in 2010 to persuade doctors to anonymously report diagnostic errors, which would then undergo comprehensive analysis. He said he had to \"hound\" his colleagues to report mistakes. During the first six months, 36 errors that would otherwise have gone unreported were identified; most were deemed to have caused moderate to severe harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trowbridge said the program has changed how he practices. \"I'm much more reflective, much more attuned to the errors I'm prone to make. I work with checklists more.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Until it happened to him, Dr. Itzhak Brook, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at Georgetown University School of Medicine, didn't think much about the problem of misdiagnosis.\r\n\r\nThat was before doctors at a Maryland hospital repeatedly told Brook his throat pain was the result of acid reflux, not cancer. The correct diagnosis was made by an astute resident who found the tumor -- the size of a peach pit -- using a simple procedure. The experienced head and neck surgeons who regularly examined Brook had never tried it. Because the cancer had grown undetected for seven months, Brook was forced to undergo surgery to remove his voice box, a procedure that has left him speaking in a whisper. He believes that might not have been necessary had the cancer been found earlier.",
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"description": "Until it happened to him, Dr. Itzhak Brook, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at Georgetown University School of Medicine, didn't think much about the problem of misdiagnosis.\r\n\r\nThat was before doctors at a Maryland hospital repeatedly told Brook his throat pain was the result of acid reflux, not cancer. The correct diagnosis was made by an astute resident who found the tumor -- the size of a peach pit -- using a simple procedure. The experienced head and neck surgeons who regularly examined Brook had never tried it. Because the cancer had grown undetected for seven months, Brook was forced to undergo surgery to remove his voice box, a procedure that has left him speaking in a whisper. He believes that might not have been necessary had the cancer been found earlier.",
"title": "Rarely Mentioned Medical Mistake: Patients Harmed by High Rates of Misdiagnosis | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Sandra G. Boodman\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2013/May/07/doctor-errors-misdiagnosis-more-common-than-known-serious-impact.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12578\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 508px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/07/doctors-mistakes-in-diagnosis-rarely-mentioned-harm-patients/mistake_gettyimages_thinkstock/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12578\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12578\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Mistake_GettyImages_Thinkstock.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"508\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Mistake_GettyImages_Thinkstock.jpg 508w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Mistake_GettyImages_Thinkstock-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Mistake_GettyImages_Thinkstock-320x212.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Until it happened to him, Dr. Itzhak Brook, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at Georgetown University School of Medicine, didn't think much about the problem of misdiagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was before doctors at a Maryland hospital repeatedly told Brook his throat pain was the result of acid reflux, not cancer. The correct diagnosis was made by an astute resident who found the tumor -- the size of a peach pit -- using a simple procedure. The experienced head and neck surgeons who regularly examined Brook had never tried it. Because the cancer had grown undetected for seven months, Brook was forced to undergo surgery to remove his voice box, a procedure that has left him speaking in a whisper. He believes that might not have been necessary had the cancer been found earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I consider myself lucky to be alive,\" said Brook, now 72, of the 2006 ordeal, which he described at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinscme.edu/CourseDetail.aspx/80028747\">recent international conference\u003c/a> on diagnostic mistakes held in Baltimore. A physician for 40 years, Brook said he was \"really shocked\" by his misdiagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Misdiagnosis “happens all the time ... This is an enormous problem.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But patient safety experts say Brook's experience is far from rare. Diagnoses that are missed, incorrect or delayed are believed to affect \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1362034\">10 to 20 percent\u003c/a> of cases, far exceeding drug errors and surgery on the wrong patient or body part, both of which have received considerably more attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies underscore the extent and potential impact of such errors. To cite just two examples:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>In \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1108559\" target=\"_blank\">a 2009 report\u003c/a> of nearly 600 diagnostic mistakes, a full 28 percent of them were life-threatening or resulted in either death or permanent disability\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Another \u003ca href=\"http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/early/2012/07/23/bmjqs-2012-000803.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">analysis last year\u003c/a> found that 40,500 people die annually due to fatal diagnostic errors in U.S. intensive care units. That's roughly equal to the number of deaths each year from breast cancer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Misdiagnosis \"happens all the time,\" said \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/experts/profiles/team_member_profile/516F40C024FCA3D4B4B633D0E080FE1B/David_Newman-Toker\">David Newman-Toker\u003c/a>, who studies diagnostic errors and helped organize the recent international conference. \"This is an enormous problem, the hidden part of the iceberg of medical errors that dwarfs\" other kinds of mistakes, said Newman-Toker, an associate professor of neurology and otolaryngology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Studies repeatedly have found that diagnostic errors, which are more common in primary-care settings, typically result from flawed ways of thinking, sometimes coupled with negligence, and not because a disease is rare or exotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their prevalence and impact, such mistakes have been largely ignored, Newman-Toker and others say. They were mentioned only twice in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/1999/To-Err-is-Human-Building-A-Safer-Health-System.aspx\">Institute of Medicine's landmark 1999 report\u003c/a> on medical errors, an omission some patient safety experts attribute to difficulties measuring such mistakes, the lack of obvious solutions and generalized resistance to addressing the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You need data to start doing anything,\" said internist \u003ca href=\"http://www.rti.org/newsroom/news.cfm?obj=EF576FDC-5056-B100-0C98FF173CFB5D3F\">Mark L. Graber\u003c/a>, founding president of the Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine and a leading errors researcher. Despite dozens of quality measures, Graber said, he is unaware of \"a single hospital in this country trying to count diagnostic errors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years, a confluence of factors has elevated the long-overlooked issue. In his 2007 bestseller, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jeromegroopman.com/how-doctors-think.html\">How Doctors Think\u003c/a>,\" Boston hematologist-oncologist Jerome Groopman vividly deconstructed the flawed thought processes that underlie many diagnostic errors, including several he made during his long career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, an influential cadre of medical leaders has been pushing for greater attention to the problem. They cite concerns about the growing complexity of medicine and increasing fragmentation of the health-care system, as well as relentless time pressures squeezing doctors and the overuse of expensive, high-tech tests that have supplanted traditional hands-on skills of physical diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicity about the death last year of 12-year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/26/nyregion/tale-of-rory-stauntons-death-prompts-new-medical-efforts-nationwide.html\">Rory Staunton\u003c/a>, sent home from an emergency room in New York after doctors missed the raging systemic infection that quickly killed him, have put a human face on the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the reasons it's time to begin looking at it is that so many of the quality measures we use now assume that the diagnosis is the right one in the first place,\" said Christine Cassel, president of the American Board of Internal Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if it's not?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a much-cited essay, Robert Wachter, associate chair of the Department of Medicine at the University of California at San Francisco, wrote that a hospital could earn \"performance incentives for giving all of its patients diagnosed with heart failure, pneumonia and heart attack the correct, evidence-based and prompt care -- even if every one of the diagnoses was wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No obvious fix\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike drug errors and wrong-site surgery -- mistakes that patient safety experts consider to be \"low-hanging fruit\" amenable to solutions such as color-coded labels and preoperative timeouts by the surgical team -- there is no easy or obvious fix for diagnostic errors. Many are complex and multifaceted, and may not be discovered for years if ever, said Graber, a senior fellow at RTI International, a research firm based in Research Triangle Park, N.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is probably nothing more cognitively complicated\" than a diagnosis, he said, \"and the fact that we get it right as often as we do is amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors often don't know when they've gotten it wrong. Some patients affected by misdiagnosis simply find a new doctor. Unless the mistake results in a lawsuit, the original physician is unlikely to learn that he blew it -- particularly if the discovery is delayed. While diagnostic errors are a leading cause of malpractice litigation, the vast majority do not result in legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is another reason such mistakes have been long ignored: They are regarded as an unusually personal failure in a profession where diagnostic acumen is considered the gold standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This really gets to who we are as clinicians,\" said internist Robert Trowbridge, who directs the medicine clerkship program for Tufts University medical students at Maine Medical Center in Portland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overconfidence in our abilities is a major part of the problem,\" said Graber, who believes doctors have gotten a pass for too long when it comes to diagnostic accuracy. \"Physicians don't know how error-prone they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, he noted, wrongly believe that the problem is \"the other guy\" and that they don't make mistakes. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.quantiamd.com/q-qcp/QuantiaMD_PreventingDiagnosticErrors_Whitepaper_1.pdf\">2011 survey\u003c/a> of more than 6,000 physicians found that 96 percent felt that diagnostic errors are preventable; nearly half said they encountered them at least once a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Maine Medical Center, Trowbridge spearheaded a pilot program launched in 2010 to persuade doctors to anonymously report diagnostic errors, which would then undergo comprehensive analysis. He said he had to \"hound\" his colleagues to report mistakes. During the first six months, 36 errors that would otherwise have gone unreported were identified; most were deemed to have caused moderate to severe harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trowbridge said the program has changed how he practices. \"I'm much more reflective, much more attuned to the errors I'm prone to make. I work with checklists more.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Factors in Play for Legislators Considering Statewide Soda Tax",
"title": "New Factors in Play for Legislators Considering Statewide Soda Tax",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12564\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 524px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/06/new-factors-in-play-for-legislators-considering-statewide-soda-tax/sodacans_gettyimagesthinkstock/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12564\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12564\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/SodaCans_GettyImagesThinkStock.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"524\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/SodaCans_GettyImagesThinkStock.jpg 524w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/SodaCans_GettyImagesThinkStock-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/SodaCans_GettyImagesThinkStock-320x200.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A soda tax failed at the ballot at \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2012/11/07/110752/richmond_soda_tax_unpalatable_to_voters?category=politics\" target=\"_blank\">two California cities\u003c/a> last November. Before that, a statewide soda tax failed two years ago. But advocates and legislators are trying again. A bill that would require a penny-per-ounce tax on any sugary beverage is back in front of legislators and, so far, has passed out of two Senate committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB622\" target=\"_blank\">The bill\u003c/a> by Sen. Bill Monning (D-Carmel) has two explicit goals: to \"discourage excessive consumption\" by increasing the price of sugary drinks and to create a Children's Health Promotion Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're in the midst of a public health crisis fueled by childhood obesity,\" CaliforniaHealthline reports Monning said to the Senate Committee on Health last week. \"This legislation sets an alternative path toward health and wellness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health committee approved the bill. Next stop is the Senate appropriations committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the soda industry is expected to be back in force for this bill, as it was for the other soda-tax efforts, this time there are new forces in play.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/features/2013/statewide-soda-tax-gaining-momentum-in-calif-legislature.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">CaliforniaHealthline\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(T)wo factors may change the tide: public sentiment appears to be shifting and Democrats have a supermajority in both houses of the California Legislature. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/articles/2013/2/15/poll-most-calif-voters-support-soda-tax-to-boost-students-health.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">A Field poll released in February\u003c/a> showed 68% of California voters would support a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages if the revenue supported school nutrition and physical activity programs. Harold Goldstein, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/\">California Center for Public Health Advocacy\u003c/a>, said sugary drinks are the main culprit in what most health leaders agree is an obesity epidemic among young Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sugary drinks are the largest driver of the obesity crisis,\" Goldstein told legislators last week. \"Almost 40% of California children are overweight, and one-third of all children, including half of Latino and African American children born in 2000, will have diabetes sometime in their lives. SB 622 is a critical step toward solving this crisis by reducing consumption of sugary drinks and paying for programs to address the problems caused by these beverages,\" Goldstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ed Hernandez (D-West Covina) chair of the Senate health committee, said he supports the bill because it will help even the odds that Californians -- especially kids -- might choose less sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're on an unlevel playing field in terms of advertising around these products,\" Hernandez said. \"For families living in food deserts -- low-income minority families -- these drinks become staples. If we raise costs, we know it will achieve the public health goal of reducing consumption,\" Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>CaliforniaHealthline reports that estimates of tax revenues range from $1.2 billion to $2.6 billion each year. The money would be allocated to the State Department of Public Health and the Superintendent of Public Instruction for obesity and dental disease prevention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents worry that prices will rise on all drinks, not just sugar-sweetened ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, from CaliforniaHealthline:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Dramatic increases in prices will be passed on to the consumer, and it won't just be consumers of sugar-sweetened drinks,\" Achermann told the Senate health committee last week. \"We think this will raise prices on all products,\" Achermann said. \"We think it will raise all boats in terms of prices, including diet drinks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Joel Anderson (R-San Diego), vice chair of the Senate health committee, explained his no vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This heavy-handed tax will disproportionally target lower-income working families and create another barrier to growing career opportunities for Californians,\" Anderson said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in other health news from Sacramento, \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/capitol-desk/2013/5/vending-machine-bill-presents-choices.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">the legislature is considering a law \u003c/a>to require all vending machines in state buildings to offer only healthy foods. Right now, vending machines must carry 35 percent healthy foods. If this law passes, by 2017, vending machines would no longer carry any junk foods or sugary sodas.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A soda tax failed at the ballot at two California cities last November. Before that, a statewide soda tax failed two years ago. But advocates and legislators are trying again. A bill that would require a penny-per-ounce tax on any sugary beverage is back in front of legislators and, so far, has passed out of two Senate committees.\r\n\r\nThe bill by Sen. Bill Monning (D-Carmel) has two explicit goals: to \"discourage excessive consumption\" by increasing the price of sugary drinks and to create a Children's Health Promotion Fund.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12564\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 524px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/06/new-factors-in-play-for-legislators-considering-statewide-soda-tax/sodacans_gettyimagesthinkstock/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12564\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12564\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/SodaCans_GettyImagesThinkStock.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"524\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/SodaCans_GettyImagesThinkStock.jpg 524w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/SodaCans_GettyImagesThinkStock-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/SodaCans_GettyImagesThinkStock-320x200.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A soda tax failed at the ballot at \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2012/11/07/110752/richmond_soda_tax_unpalatable_to_voters?category=politics\" target=\"_blank\">two California cities\u003c/a> last November. Before that, a statewide soda tax failed two years ago. But advocates and legislators are trying again. A bill that would require a penny-per-ounce tax on any sugary beverage is back in front of legislators and, so far, has passed out of two Senate committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB622\" target=\"_blank\">The bill\u003c/a> by Sen. Bill Monning (D-Carmel) has two explicit goals: to \"discourage excessive consumption\" by increasing the price of sugary drinks and to create a Children's Health Promotion Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're in the midst of a public health crisis fueled by childhood obesity,\" CaliforniaHealthline reports Monning said to the Senate Committee on Health last week. \"This legislation sets an alternative path toward health and wellness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health committee approved the bill. Next stop is the Senate appropriations committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the soda industry is expected to be back in force for this bill, as it was for the other soda-tax efforts, this time there are new forces in play.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/features/2013/statewide-soda-tax-gaining-momentum-in-calif-legislature.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">CaliforniaHealthline\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(T)wo factors may change the tide: public sentiment appears to be shifting and Democrats have a supermajority in both houses of the California Legislature. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/articles/2013/2/15/poll-most-calif-voters-support-soda-tax-to-boost-students-health.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">A Field poll released in February\u003c/a> showed 68% of California voters would support a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages if the revenue supported school nutrition and physical activity programs. Harold Goldstein, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/\">California Center for Public Health Advocacy\u003c/a>, said sugary drinks are the main culprit in what most health leaders agree is an obesity epidemic among young Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sugary drinks are the largest driver of the obesity crisis,\" Goldstein told legislators last week. \"Almost 40% of California children are overweight, and one-third of all children, including half of Latino and African American children born in 2000, will have diabetes sometime in their lives. SB 622 is a critical step toward solving this crisis by reducing consumption of sugary drinks and paying for programs to address the problems caused by these beverages,\" Goldstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ed Hernandez (D-West Covina) chair of the Senate health committee, said he supports the bill because it will help even the odds that Californians -- especially kids -- might choose less sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're on an unlevel playing field in terms of advertising around these products,\" Hernandez said. \"For families living in food deserts -- low-income minority families -- these drinks become staples. If we raise costs, we know it will achieve the public health goal of reducing consumption,\" Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>CaliforniaHealthline reports that estimates of tax revenues range from $1.2 billion to $2.6 billion each year. The money would be allocated to the State Department of Public Health and the Superintendent of Public Instruction for obesity and dental disease prevention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents worry that prices will rise on all drinks, not just sugar-sweetened ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, from CaliforniaHealthline:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Dramatic increases in prices will be passed on to the consumer, and it won't just be consumers of sugar-sweetened drinks,\" Achermann told the Senate health committee last week. \"We think this will raise prices on all products,\" Achermann said. \"We think it will raise all boats in terms of prices, including diet drinks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Joel Anderson (R-San Diego), vice chair of the Senate health committee, explained his no vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This heavy-handed tax will disproportionally target lower-income working families and create another barrier to growing career opportunities for Californians,\" Anderson said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in other health news from Sacramento, \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/capitol-desk/2013/5/vending-machine-bill-presents-choices.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">the legislature is considering a law \u003c/a>to require all vending machines in state buildings to offer only healthy foods. Right now, vending machines must carry 35 percent healthy foods. If this law passes, by 2017, vending machines would no longer carry any junk foods or sugary sodas.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oregonian Describes Life -- and Health -- After Winning Medicaid Lottery",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/03/oregonian-describes-life-and-health-after-winning-medicaid-lottery/welcometooregonsign_fredflickr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12542\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12542\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/welcometoOregonSign_FredFlickr-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"(Fred/Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Fred/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For you wonks out there, Kaiser Health News has a fascinating Friday afternoon read for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a piece titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://capsules.kaiserhealthnews.org/index.php/2013/05/bloggers-see-own-reflections-in-oregon-medicaid-study/\" target=\"_blank\">Bloggers See Own Reflections in Oregon Medicaid Study\u003c/a>,\" reporter Jordan Rau describes how\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/jp/quick-read-medicaid-reduces-financial-hardship-doesnt-quickly-improve-physical-health/\" target=\"_blank\"> this week's news\u003c/a> about Oregon's Medicaid Experiment quickly became \"a Rorschach test for how partisans and health policy wonks view the health care law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">With no money for better food, no money for good shoes to go on walks, no rain gear, no walkman for listening to music as a distraction while walking, change is harder.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To quickly recap, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1212321\" target=\"_blank\">New England Journal of Medicine study\u003c/a> researchers analyzed how 10,000 people who won Medicaid coverage have fared since they gained insurance. The highlights were: no apparent affect on physical health; rates of depression 30 percent lower than those without coverage; catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenses essentially eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his piece, Rau publishes excerpts from seven blogs, each with a different take on the study's highly nuanced results. But he closes with something I hadn't seen elsewhere: a view of the experiment by someone who says he was one of the winners of the Medicaid coverage. Rau found the post on the blog \u003ca href=\"http://rjwaldmann.blogspot.com\" target=\"_blank\">Robert's Stochastic thoughts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the post in its entirety:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I am one of the winners in the Oregon lottery [winners could get Medicaid]. Going from no insurance to insurance is very confusing. When you have no money every health question starts with \"would I rather live with this problem and have electricity, or treat this problem and keep my milk in a cooler for a month or so?\" Stepping back into healthcare was like \u003c!--more-->hopping on a merry-go-round. The doctor wanted to do test after test to come up with baselines for me, and I had a hard time showing up at the lab, I hadn't been going to the doctor to find out new things about what was wrong with me. A huge part of living without insurance is not thinking about your high blood pressure damaging your kidneys. It takes a while to change that. It took me 6 months to change my level of co-operation with my doctor, and she said I was faster than many. Most people got into the groove about their 2nd physical. Then we had year-to-year values for blood tests and weight and blood pressure. Those numbers getting better helped. I lost 40 pounds the first year, regained 15, and lost another 10 the next year. Now my doctor wants me to try for another 10 pound loss. I have gone from 3 blood pressure medicines to 1, and that's at a half dose. This whole time my blood pressure stayed the same, but dropping 2 pills and keeping the same score is a health upgrade. My blood sugar is still pre-diabetic, but diabetes is a progressive disease. If you keep your blood sugar at the same level for 2 years, you are making progress with managing diabetes. The study would have found me to make no progress, but my doctor thinks I have improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>The last point is that diabetes and cholesterol are both food-based diseases. The Oregon Medicaid project enrolled very poor adults, I think the income cutoff was much lower than the SNAP benefit limit. So none of us have access to unlimited fresh fruit and low fat meat. We still eat nothing but carbs for most meals.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>The mental health benefits are enormous. Changing how you eat and exercise is hard for everyone, but most people can throw a bit of money at the problem and grease their way. With no money for better food, no money for good shoes to go on walks, no rain gear, no walkman for listening to music as a distraction while walking, change is harder.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>What I would like to see is a study that shows the changes in these measurements over a 2 year period for people who have insurance. People with insurance for the last 20 years are not always improving their health, either.\u003c/div>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So much in this post touches on the tough policy issues we're facing today: health is about so much more than health care; it's really hard to change habits and even harder if you're poor; how mental health affects health. But that last line is really a zinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "For you wonks out there, Kaiser Health News has a fascinating Friday afternoon read for you.\r\n\r\nIn a piece titled \"Bloggers See Own Reflections in Oregon Medicaid Study,\" reporter Jordan Rau describes how this week's news about Oregon's Medicaid Experiment quickly became \"a Rorschach test for how partisans and health policy wonks view the health care law.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/03/oregonian-describes-life-and-health-after-winning-medicaid-lottery/welcometooregonsign_fredflickr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12542\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12542\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/welcometoOregonSign_FredFlickr-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"(Fred/Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Fred/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For you wonks out there, Kaiser Health News has a fascinating Friday afternoon read for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a piece titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://capsules.kaiserhealthnews.org/index.php/2013/05/bloggers-see-own-reflections-in-oregon-medicaid-study/\" target=\"_blank\">Bloggers See Own Reflections in Oregon Medicaid Study\u003c/a>,\" reporter Jordan Rau describes how\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/jp/quick-read-medicaid-reduces-financial-hardship-doesnt-quickly-improve-physical-health/\" target=\"_blank\"> this week's news\u003c/a> about Oregon's Medicaid Experiment quickly became \"a Rorschach test for how partisans and health policy wonks view the health care law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">With no money for better food, no money for good shoes to go on walks, no rain gear, no walkman for listening to music as a distraction while walking, change is harder.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To quickly recap, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1212321\" target=\"_blank\">New England Journal of Medicine study\u003c/a> researchers analyzed how 10,000 people who won Medicaid coverage have fared since they gained insurance. The highlights were: no apparent affect on physical health; rates of depression 30 percent lower than those without coverage; catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenses essentially eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his piece, Rau publishes excerpts from seven blogs, each with a different take on the study's highly nuanced results. But he closes with something I hadn't seen elsewhere: a view of the experiment by someone who says he was one of the winners of the Medicaid coverage. Rau found the post on the blog \u003ca href=\"http://rjwaldmann.blogspot.com\" target=\"_blank\">Robert's Stochastic thoughts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the post in its entirety:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I am one of the winners in the Oregon lottery [winners could get Medicaid]. Going from no insurance to insurance is very confusing. When you have no money every health question starts with \"would I rather live with this problem and have electricity, or treat this problem and keep my milk in a cooler for a month or so?\" Stepping back into healthcare was like \u003c!--more-->hopping on a merry-go-round. The doctor wanted to do test after test to come up with baselines for me, and I had a hard time showing up at the lab, I hadn't been going to the doctor to find out new things about what was wrong with me. A huge part of living without insurance is not thinking about your high blood pressure damaging your kidneys. It takes a while to change that. It took me 6 months to change my level of co-operation with my doctor, and she said I was faster than many. Most people got into the groove about their 2nd physical. Then we had year-to-year values for blood tests and weight and blood pressure. Those numbers getting better helped. I lost 40 pounds the first year, regained 15, and lost another 10 the next year. Now my doctor wants me to try for another 10 pound loss. I have gone from 3 blood pressure medicines to 1, and that's at a half dose. This whole time my blood pressure stayed the same, but dropping 2 pills and keeping the same score is a health upgrade. My blood sugar is still pre-diabetic, but diabetes is a progressive disease. If you keep your blood sugar at the same level for 2 years, you are making progress with managing diabetes. The study would have found me to make no progress, but my doctor thinks I have improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>The last point is that diabetes and cholesterol are both food-based diseases. The Oregon Medicaid project enrolled very poor adults, I think the income cutoff was much lower than the SNAP benefit limit. So none of us have access to unlimited fresh fruit and low fat meat. We still eat nothing but carbs for most meals.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>The mental health benefits are enormous. Changing how you eat and exercise is hard for everyone, but most people can throw a bit of money at the problem and grease their way. With no money for better food, no money for good shoes to go on walks, no rain gear, no walkman for listening to music as a distraction while walking, change is harder.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>What I would like to see is a study that shows the changes in these measurements over a 2 year period for people who have insurance. People with insurance for the last 20 years are not always improving their health, either.\u003c/div>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So much in this post touches on the tough policy issues we're facing today: health is about so much more than health care; it's really hard to change habits and even harder if you're poor; how mental health affects health. But that last line is really a zinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"order": 8
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},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"order": 9
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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