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"disqusTitle": "More California Moms Are Breast-Feeding Their Babies",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-14016\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/08/78744816-620x412.jpg\" alt=\"California has 2nd highest rate of breast-feeding in the country. (Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California has 2nd highest rate of breast-feeding in the country. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Across the country, nearly 77 percent of mothers are breast-feeding their newborns, and nearly half are still at it when babies are six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2013BreastfeedingReportCard.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">numbers\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control were collected in 2010, and they reflect an increase in breast-feeding since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California moms are doing even better. More than 90 percent of mothers in the state have \"ever breast-fed\" their babies and 71 percent are still nursing at 6 months. (We're #2 to Idaho which just nudged California moms out on the stats.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast-feeding has health benefits to babies, says Dr. Tom Frieden, CDC director, including lower risks of ear and gastrointestinal infections, diabetes and obesity. Plus mothers who breast-feed can reduce their own risk of breast and ovarian cancers.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics\u003ca href=\"http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/AAP-Reaffirms-Breastfeeding-Guidelines.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends\u003c/a> exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of a baby's life, when solid foods are introduced. The AAP says that moms should continue to complement the solid foods with breast-feeding until the baby is one year old. The World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/breastfeeding/en/\" target=\"_blank\">recommends\u003c/a> breast-feeding up to two years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals are critical settings for supporting moms in breast-feeding. Newborns who \"room-in\" with their mothers and have skin-to-skin contact (the newborn is placed directly on a mother's chest after birth) have a better chs a nce of latching on and successfully breast-feeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, too, California has strong policies to support these practices. Nearly 80 percent of hospitals in the state ensure that virtually all newborns have skin-to-skin contact with their mothers and about 72 percent of hospitals have rooming-in for babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another indicator the CDC measures is whether infants are offered formula before two days of age. If a breast-feeding baby is offered supplemental formula, it can sabotage the baby's continued success in breast-feeding. Nationally, about 24 percent of breast-fed babies were given formula before they were two days old. In California, the rate was just under 17 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, California also has \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiabreastfeeding.org/Laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">regulations\u003c/a> to support breast-feeding at work or school.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Nearly 77 percent of mothers are breast-feeding their newborns and nearly half are still at it when babies are six months.\r\n\r\nThose are national numbers from the Centers for Disease Control collected in 2010, and they reflect an increase in breast-feeding since 2000.\r\n\r\nCalifornia moms are doing even better. More than 90 percent of mothers in the state have \"ever breastfed\" their babies",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-14016\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/08/78744816-620x412.jpg\" alt=\"California has 2nd highest rate of breast-feeding in the country. (Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California has 2nd highest rate of breast-feeding in the country. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Across the country, nearly 77 percent of mothers are breast-feeding their newborns, and nearly half are still at it when babies are six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2013BreastfeedingReportCard.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">numbers\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control were collected in 2010, and they reflect an increase in breast-feeding since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California moms are doing even better. More than 90 percent of mothers in the state have \"ever breast-fed\" their babies and 71 percent are still nursing at 6 months. (We're #2 to Idaho which just nudged California moms out on the stats.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast-feeding has health benefits to babies, says Dr. Tom Frieden, CDC director, including lower risks of ear and gastrointestinal infections, diabetes and obesity. Plus mothers who breast-feed can reduce their own risk of breast and ovarian cancers.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics\u003ca href=\"http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/AAP-Reaffirms-Breastfeeding-Guidelines.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends\u003c/a> exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of a baby's life, when solid foods are introduced. The AAP says that moms should continue to complement the solid foods with breast-feeding until the baby is one year old. The World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/breastfeeding/en/\" target=\"_blank\">recommends\u003c/a> breast-feeding up to two years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals are critical settings for supporting moms in breast-feeding. Newborns who \"room-in\" with their mothers and have skin-to-skin contact (the newborn is placed directly on a mother's chest after birth) have a better chs a nce of latching on and successfully breast-feeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, too, California has strong policies to support these practices. Nearly 80 percent of hospitals in the state ensure that virtually all newborns have skin-to-skin contact with their mothers and about 72 percent of hospitals have rooming-in for babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another indicator the CDC measures is whether infants are offered formula before two days of age. If a breast-feeding baby is offered supplemental formula, it can sabotage the baby's continued success in breast-feeding. Nationally, about 24 percent of breast-fed babies were given formula before they were two days old. In California, the rate was just under 17 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, California also has \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiabreastfeeding.org/Laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">regulations\u003c/a> to support breast-feeding at work or school.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Would You Get A Test Now That Confirmed a Fatal Illness Later?",
"title": "Would You Get A Test Now That Confirmed a Fatal Illness Later?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14009\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-14009\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/Screen-Shot-2013-07-31-at-3.03.36-PM-620x415.png\" alt=\"A young Kristen Powers is held by her mother, Nicola, while her father looks on in the background. Nicola was later diagnosed with Huntington’s disease, a fatal illness. (Photo courtesy of Kristen Powers)\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Kristen Powers is held by her mother, Nicola, while her father looks on in the background. Nicola was later diagnosed with Huntington’s disease, a fatal illness. (Photo courtesy of Kristen Powers)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Ravali Reddy\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/2013/07/15/kristens-story-student-filmmaker-documents-a-life-forever-altered-by-genetics/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you had a 50-50 chance of inheriting a genetic disease, would you get tested to know? Or would you wait for fate to reveal itself years later?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would your decision change if you knew the disease slowly takes away the ability to walk, talk, and even think?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if there were no cure?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"I’ve always wanted to travel, and I knew that that was something I’d have to do earlier if I tested positive.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kristen Powers posed those questions aloud and then let them hang in the air as she spoke to a dozen middle and high school students. The slender, 19-year-old Stanford University freshman was taking part in a program where undergraduates teach classes on topics of their choosing. Today’s class — “To Test or Not to Test? The Ethics Behind Genetically Inherited disease” — covers a subject that Kristen knows far too much about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many of you know what Huntington’s disease is?” she asked, only to find herself met with a mostly blank faces.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The response wasn’t surprising considering that the disease is uncommon, affecting about 1 in 10,000 people of European ancestry. She pointed at one of the few raised hands. “It’s a disease where your brain cells die, and you start to lose control of your body, and then you die,” said a ninth-grade girl. Kristen paused and nodded. After all, the girl was more or less correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that, as it progresses, affects the ability to think, move and feel. Most patients begin to show symptoms between the ages of 30 and 50 and typically succumb to the disease 10 to 25 years after the first symptoms appear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each child of a person with HD has a 50-50 chance of inheriting the gene, making this a devastating family disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mum passed away from Huntington’s in 2011, when she was 45,” Kristen continued, quickly capturing the attention of her audience. The implications were clear to all in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rapt audience listened as Kristen described herself as \"information-needy,\" so when she turned 18, she decided to get tested for the gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew I had to get tested because, if I had HD, I’d have to adjust my timeline for my life,\" Kristen said. \"I’ve always wanted to travel, and I knew that that was something I’d have to do earlier if I tested positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>-grader who had defined HD was now on the edge of her seat, eyes wide open. She looked terrified that her flippant response was predictive of Kristen’s fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So last year I got tested, and I’m happy to say that I tested negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just like that, the tension in the room lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Life after Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristen’s negative test result means she will never develop the disease that claimed her mother’s life, and she has no chance of passing it on if she has children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually really weird knowing that I’m never going to get Huntington’s,” Kristen said in a recent interview, “because up until I tested I always assumed that I would die of HD, and it was scary but at least that was certain. As soon as I tested negative I feel like my whole life changed because, all of a sudden, I had no idea what I was going to die of anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She laughed and continued, “I remember being really surprised and thinking ‘Wow, this is what normal people feel like!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Huntington’s Disease remains a prominent part of Kristen’s life. She has devoted herself to raising awareness of the disease and doing what she can to help find a cure. She's a student researcher in a Huntington's project at Stanford and volunteers for the Huntington's Disease Society of America. Perhaps most importantly, she's making a documentary about her genetic testing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13999\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-13999\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/133988_323296711101848_1189163778_o-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Kristen Powers, second from left, with her freshman-year roommates at Stanford. (Courtesy: Kristen Powers)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kristen Powers, second from left, with her freshman-year roommates at Stanford. (Courtesy: Kristen Powers)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says documentaries like \"An Inconvenient Truth\" and \"Food, Inc\" inspired her as a \"cool way to raise awareness.\" She started thinking about producing a documentary as she approached her 18\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> birthday and was considering getting tested. Already she's raised $30,000. She's hired a film crew and editor, and works with them in between attending classes and hanging out with her Stanford roommates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School comes first,” she said with a smile. “I’m still trying to pick a major and figure all of that out, very normal college kid stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picking up the Camera – Before the Documentary\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristen was 7, living in Massachusetts, when her parents divorced and she moved in with her mother. It wasn’t long before Kristen started to notice symptoms of her mother’s disease. “I remember her walking around like she was drunk, but that was before we knew what was wrong with her.\" Kristen now says she can see that her mother had been showing signs of HD for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mother, Nicola Powers, wasn’t diagnosed with Huntington’s until two years later. Within months, her mother’s disease progressed rapidly. Kristen and her younger brother moved in with their dad. Her mother went to live first with her own parents, but soon was placed in a nursing home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during this time that Kristen first brought out her video camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to sneak the camera into the nursing home and secretly videotape her,” Kristen said. “My grandma wasn’t a fan of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her goal was simply to have footage to remember her mother, even if she was so ill. “It was incredibly weird to film,” she recalled. “I wasn’t sure what my mum was thinking of me secretly recording her. She couldn’t speak to tell me if it was weird.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the footage serves as more than remembrance, as much of it has ended up in the documentary. She believes the film, when completed, will help explain and show the effects of Huntington’s Disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m incredibly glad I did it,” Kristen said. “Families with terminally ill members should not be afraid to record memories with their loved ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Family Still At Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unsurprising that Kristen has continued to dedicate so much of her life to Huntington’s. Her 17-year-old brother, Nate, also has a 50-50 chance of having the gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nate, a junior in high school, becomes eligible for genetic testing in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite initial hesitations, Nate is now strongly leaning towards getting tested. He said the test results would influence how he approaches certain aspects of his life, such as future relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t have kids if I tested positive,” he said. “I just know that’s something I wouldn’t want to do because then I might pass [the gene] on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristen says she is supportive of whatever decision Nate makes about testing, and in the meantime is keeping busy with school and her documentary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still remember the genetic counselor coming in, and sitting down and saying ‘We have good news for you today,’” she said, smiling. “I heard that, and my dad started crying and I couldn’t really process anything. It was just an ‘Oh my god!” sort of moment, and, for now, I’m just going to hope that my family has that moment again.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14009\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-14009\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/Screen-Shot-2013-07-31-at-3.03.36-PM-620x415.png\" alt=\"A young Kristen Powers is held by her mother, Nicola, while her father looks on in the background. Nicola was later diagnosed with Huntington’s disease, a fatal illness. (Photo courtesy of Kristen Powers)\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Kristen Powers is held by her mother, Nicola, while her father looks on in the background. Nicola was later diagnosed with Huntington’s disease, a fatal illness. (Photo courtesy of Kristen Powers)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Ravali Reddy\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/2013/07/15/kristens-story-student-filmmaker-documents-a-life-forever-altered-by-genetics/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you had a 50-50 chance of inheriting a genetic disease, would you get tested to know? Or would you wait for fate to reveal itself years later?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would your decision change if you knew the disease slowly takes away the ability to walk, talk, and even think?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if there were no cure?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"I’ve always wanted to travel, and I knew that that was something I’d have to do earlier if I tested positive.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kristen Powers posed those questions aloud and then let them hang in the air as she spoke to a dozen middle and high school students. The slender, 19-year-old Stanford University freshman was taking part in a program where undergraduates teach classes on topics of their choosing. Today’s class — “To Test or Not to Test? The Ethics Behind Genetically Inherited disease” — covers a subject that Kristen knows far too much about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many of you know what Huntington’s disease is?” she asked, only to find herself met with a mostly blank faces.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The response wasn’t surprising considering that the disease is uncommon, affecting about 1 in 10,000 people of European ancestry. She pointed at one of the few raised hands. “It’s a disease where your brain cells die, and you start to lose control of your body, and then you die,” said a ninth-grade girl. Kristen paused and nodded. After all, the girl was more or less correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that, as it progresses, affects the ability to think, move and feel. Most patients begin to show symptoms between the ages of 30 and 50 and typically succumb to the disease 10 to 25 years after the first symptoms appear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each child of a person with HD has a 50-50 chance of inheriting the gene, making this a devastating family disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mum passed away from Huntington’s in 2011, when she was 45,” Kristen continued, quickly capturing the attention of her audience. The implications were clear to all in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rapt audience listened as Kristen described herself as \"information-needy,\" so when she turned 18, she decided to get tested for the gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew I had to get tested because, if I had HD, I’d have to adjust my timeline for my life,\" Kristen said. \"I’ve always wanted to travel, and I knew that that was something I’d have to do earlier if I tested positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>-grader who had defined HD was now on the edge of her seat, eyes wide open. She looked terrified that her flippant response was predictive of Kristen’s fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So last year I got tested, and I’m happy to say that I tested negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just like that, the tension in the room lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Life after Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristen’s negative test result means she will never develop the disease that claimed her mother’s life, and she has no chance of passing it on if she has children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually really weird knowing that I’m never going to get Huntington’s,” Kristen said in a recent interview, “because up until I tested I always assumed that I would die of HD, and it was scary but at least that was certain. As soon as I tested negative I feel like my whole life changed because, all of a sudden, I had no idea what I was going to die of anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She laughed and continued, “I remember being really surprised and thinking ‘Wow, this is what normal people feel like!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Huntington’s Disease remains a prominent part of Kristen’s life. She has devoted herself to raising awareness of the disease and doing what she can to help find a cure. She's a student researcher in a Huntington's project at Stanford and volunteers for the Huntington's Disease Society of America. Perhaps most importantly, she's making a documentary about her genetic testing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13999\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-13999\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/133988_323296711101848_1189163778_o-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Kristen Powers, second from left, with her freshman-year roommates at Stanford. (Courtesy: Kristen Powers)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kristen Powers, second from left, with her freshman-year roommates at Stanford. (Courtesy: Kristen Powers)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says documentaries like \"An Inconvenient Truth\" and \"Food, Inc\" inspired her as a \"cool way to raise awareness.\" She started thinking about producing a documentary as she approached her 18\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> birthday and was considering getting tested. Already she's raised $30,000. She's hired a film crew and editor, and works with them in between attending classes and hanging out with her Stanford roommates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School comes first,” she said with a smile. “I’m still trying to pick a major and figure all of that out, very normal college kid stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picking up the Camera – Before the Documentary\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristen was 7, living in Massachusetts, when her parents divorced and she moved in with her mother. It wasn’t long before Kristen started to notice symptoms of her mother’s disease. “I remember her walking around like she was drunk, but that was before we knew what was wrong with her.\" Kristen now says she can see that her mother had been showing signs of HD for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mother, Nicola Powers, wasn’t diagnosed with Huntington’s until two years later. Within months, her mother’s disease progressed rapidly. Kristen and her younger brother moved in with their dad. Her mother went to live first with her own parents, but soon was placed in a nursing home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during this time that Kristen first brought out her video camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to sneak the camera into the nursing home and secretly videotape her,” Kristen said. “My grandma wasn’t a fan of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her goal was simply to have footage to remember her mother, even if she was so ill. “It was incredibly weird to film,” she recalled. “I wasn’t sure what my mum was thinking of me secretly recording her. She couldn’t speak to tell me if it was weird.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the footage serves as more than remembrance, as much of it has ended up in the documentary. She believes the film, when completed, will help explain and show the effects of Huntington’s Disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m incredibly glad I did it,” Kristen said. “Families with terminally ill members should not be afraid to record memories with their loved ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Family Still At Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unsurprising that Kristen has continued to dedicate so much of her life to Huntington’s. Her 17-year-old brother, Nate, also has a 50-50 chance of having the gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nate, a junior in high school, becomes eligible for genetic testing in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite initial hesitations, Nate is now strongly leaning towards getting tested. He said the test results would influence how he approaches certain aspects of his life, such as future relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t have kids if I tested positive,” he said. “I just know that’s something I wouldn’t want to do because then I might pass [the gene] on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristen says she is supportive of whatever decision Nate makes about testing, and in the meantime is keeping busy with school and her documentary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still remember the genetic counselor coming in, and sitting down and saying ‘We have good news for you today,’” she said, smiling. “I heard that, and my dad started crying and I couldn’t really process anything. It was just an ‘Oh my god!” sort of moment, and, for now, I’m just going to hope that my family has that moment again.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13927\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/RS5740_Caitlin-Bryant.margo-scr-620x452.jpg\" alt=\"A commemorative Army dog tag similar to the one worn by Caitlin's father, was designed by her aunt and passed out at Richard Bryants' funeral service. Caitlin recently had a tattoo artist replicate one on her foot. (Photo by: Margarita Brichkova)\" width=\"620\" height=\"452\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A commemorative Army dog tag similar to the one worn by Caitlin's father, was designed by her aunt and passed out at Richard Bryants' funeral service. Caitlin recently had a tattoo artist replicate one on her foot. (Photo by: Margarita Brichkova)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Twenty-one-year old Caitlin Bryant lost her father, Richard Lewis Bryant, to a heart attack in 2008. But she and her brother Mitchell had grown up watching him battle a war within himself after returning from serving in Vietnam. As part of our first-person series \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/specialcoverage/whatsyourstory/index.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">What's Your Story\u003c/a>, Caitlin Bryant describes what her family's life was like, living with her father's illness.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My dad suffered really badly from PTSD -– post-traumatic stress disorder. And that was due to the traumatic things that he had seen in the war and he never really sought proper treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“He tried committing suicide when I was 11 years old. And we saw it as a huge cry for help because he did it in the parking lot of the VA hospital.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He just never seemed comfortable. He never seemed at peace. He always seemed like he was trying to relax and he could never fully relax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started doing a lot of drugs –- specifically speed -– to kind of alter his reality and see a different side of things from the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried committing suicide when I was 11 years old. And we saw it as a huge cry for help because he did it in the parking lot of the VA hospital in Loma Linda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They put him in the psychiatric unit of the hospital for a week. He kind of just tried to laugh it off and play it off with me and Mitchell saying, “Do you really think I belong with these crazy people here?” You know like, “Ha, ha ha.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was really hard for us. We were really confused. And we knew how much my dad loved us, but we didn’t know that it still wouldn’t be enough for him to not want to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried to tell us that Mitchell and I were all that was keeping him alive. And I really believed him until that had happened. And he still tried saying even after that, you know, “I’m so sorry that this happened and I know now more than ever that you and Mitchell are my sole reasons to stay alive and to try and make it right in this world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was struggling. He never got the help that he needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My dad passed away about four years after that suicide attempt. His body was still messed up. It was more damaged than I think he realized or if he did know then he never shared with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he knew. He told my Aunt Sue the very last Christmas we shared with him –- so in 2007 -– he told my Aunt Sue that he thought this Christmas was going to be his last Christmas. And he was absolutely right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following April of 2008 is when he had the heart attack. And I miss him every single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the thing that makes me angry is that I don’t get to have my dad there when I walk down the aisle one day. I don’t get to have my dad there when I have my firstborn one day. And that’s the only thing that really makes me angry. Everything else I have made sense with and I have understood. And I’ve appreciated everything that’s come my way since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the only thing I can get mad about now is him not being there in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported by Gina Scialabba\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "My dad suffered really badly from PTSD -– post-traumatic stress disorder. And that was due to the traumatic things that he had seen in the war and he never really sought proper treatment.\r\n\r\nHe just never seemed comfortable. He never seemed at peace. He always seemed like he was trying to relax and he could never fully relax.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13927\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/RS5740_Caitlin-Bryant.margo-scr-620x452.jpg\" alt=\"A commemorative Army dog tag similar to the one worn by Caitlin's father, was designed by her aunt and passed out at Richard Bryants' funeral service. Caitlin recently had a tattoo artist replicate one on her foot. (Photo by: Margarita Brichkova)\" width=\"620\" height=\"452\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A commemorative Army dog tag similar to the one worn by Caitlin's father, was designed by her aunt and passed out at Richard Bryants' funeral service. Caitlin recently had a tattoo artist replicate one on her foot. (Photo by: Margarita Brichkova)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Twenty-one-year old Caitlin Bryant lost her father, Richard Lewis Bryant, to a heart attack in 2008. But she and her brother Mitchell had grown up watching him battle a war within himself after returning from serving in Vietnam. As part of our first-person series \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/specialcoverage/whatsyourstory/index.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">What's Your Story\u003c/a>, Caitlin Bryant describes what her family's life was like, living with her father's illness.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My dad suffered really badly from PTSD -– post-traumatic stress disorder. And that was due to the traumatic things that he had seen in the war and he never really sought proper treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“He tried committing suicide when I was 11 years old. And we saw it as a huge cry for help because he did it in the parking lot of the VA hospital.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He just never seemed comfortable. He never seemed at peace. He always seemed like he was trying to relax and he could never fully relax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started doing a lot of drugs –- specifically speed -– to kind of alter his reality and see a different side of things from the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried committing suicide when I was 11 years old. And we saw it as a huge cry for help because he did it in the parking lot of the VA hospital in Loma Linda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They put him in the psychiatric unit of the hospital for a week. He kind of just tried to laugh it off and play it off with me and Mitchell saying, “Do you really think I belong with these crazy people here?” You know like, “Ha, ha ha.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was really hard for us. We were really confused. And we knew how much my dad loved us, but we didn’t know that it still wouldn’t be enough for him to not want to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried to tell us that Mitchell and I were all that was keeping him alive. And I really believed him until that had happened. And he still tried saying even after that, you know, “I’m so sorry that this happened and I know now more than ever that you and Mitchell are my sole reasons to stay alive and to try and make it right in this world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was struggling. He never got the help that he needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My dad passed away about four years after that suicide attempt. His body was still messed up. It was more damaged than I think he realized or if he did know then he never shared with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he knew. He told my Aunt Sue the very last Christmas we shared with him –- so in 2007 -– he told my Aunt Sue that he thought this Christmas was going to be his last Christmas. And he was absolutely right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following April of 2008 is when he had the heart attack. And I miss him every single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the thing that makes me angry is that I don’t get to have my dad there when I walk down the aisle one day. I don’t get to have my dad there when I have my firstborn one day. And that’s the only thing that really makes me angry. Everything else I have made sense with and I have understood. And I’ve appreciated everything that’s come my way since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the only thing I can get mad about now is him not being there in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported by Gina Scialabba\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Cutting Down on Cancer Overdiagnosis: National Panel Weighs In",
"title": "Cutting Down on Cancer Overdiagnosis: National Panel Weighs In",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13901\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/78147607@N00/5436471236/in/photolist-9hpkuG-9xNuXm-9xKwS6-9xNuGy-9xKwK2-9xNuPm-9xKwFa-9xNuTL-dRanE5-4uDMsi-dRbiVo\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-13901\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/5436471236_a64b2a0245_b-300x299.jpg\" alt='Ductal carcinoma in situ seen under a microscope. While doctors also call it Stage 0 Breast Cancer, in an article Monday, doctors argue it should no longer be labelled \"cancer.\" (Ed Euthman/Flickr)' width=\"300\" height=\"299\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ductal carcinoma in situ as seen under a microscope. Doctors also call D.C.I.S. \"Stage 0 Breast Cancer.\" But in an article Monday, a panel of national scientists argue it should no longer be labelled \"cancer.\" (Ed Euthman/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What power does a word have? If the word is “cancer,” for most people it packs a wallop of emotion ranging from general anxiety to abject terror. For the last 30 years, a large industry has grown and developed with a focus on awareness and screening. The goals were laudable: get screened; catch cancer early; early diagnosis means patients dodge a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s just one problem. It’s not working. This notion of screening was dependent upon the understanding of cancer 30 years ago: that cancer started from a tiny seed and steadily grew and spread until – without treatment – it killed the patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today scientists know that not all cancers behave this way. Some are fast-growing, some may grow slowly, but progressively. But others are “indolent,” so slow-growing, they will never cause the patient harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what certain cancer screening tests have wrought (think \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/26/berkeley-journalist-takes-on-the-feel-good-war-on-breast-cancer/\">mammography\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/jp/quick-read-stop-doing-the-psa-test-now/\">PSA tests\u003c/a>) is a dramatic increase in diagnosis of early-stage disease without a corresponding decline in death rates from cancer or diagnosis of late-stage disease. Many of these early stage patients are likely \"overdiagnosed\" and then \"overtreated\" -- for cancers that may never have grown and spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We terrify (women) with D.C.I.S. thinking they have cancer. We could wait six months to see if something changes without making people hysterical.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Against this backdrop, the National Cancer Institute called together a group of nationally recognized cancer doctors and researchers to review the evidence on overdiagnosis. In a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1722196\" target=\"_blank\">Viewpoint\u003c/a> published Monday in JAMA, the panel calls for major changes in the way the medical world classifies and thinks of “cancer” and the way screening programs are designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This article is really critical for laying the ground work for introducing what I hope will be groundbreaking changes in screening and prevention,” said lead author Dr. Laura Esserman, director of the breast care center at UC San Francisco.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esserman and her colleagues say the improved understanding of the behavior of various cancers provides an opportunity “to refocus screening on reducing disease mortality and lower the burden of cancer screening and treatments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reserve the word “cancer” for cancers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, the writers encourage saving the word “cancer” for those tumors with a “reasonable likelihood of lethal progression if left untreated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They call for dropping the word \"cancer\" from pre-cancerous conditions. The panel calls out two conditions specifically: prostatic intraephithelial neoplasia, currently classified as prostate cancer and D.C.I.S. -- ductal carcinoma in situ -- currently classified as breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We terrify (women) with D.C.I.S. thinking they have cancer,” Esserman says, adding that in many cases, “We could wait six months to see if something changes without making people hysterical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel also calls for the development of highly specialized diagnostic tests to identify these low risk tumors. Many \u003ca href=\"http://www.oncotypedx.com\">biotech companies\u003c/a> are already at work on these kinds of molecular diagnostic tools. It's part of the personalized medicine approach to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"We need a 21st century definition of cancer\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical office of the American Cancer Society, said he was “largely in agreement” with the panel’s recommendations. In our call, he gave me a short biology lesson on medical science’s understanding of cancer, explaining that back in the 1840s Rudolf Virchow, a German pathologist, used an early microscope and identified cancer cells. Virchow then drew pictures that “profile what we use 160 years later” to diagnose cancer, Brawley says. He explained what while many other areas of medicine have advanced, our definitions of cancer still rely on what Virchow defined 160 years ago. (If you're as startled by this news as I was, check out Brawley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.tedmed.com/talks/show?id=7295\">TedMed Talk\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brawley credited a colleague who likened the way doctors classify cancers today to “’racial profiling’ -- something that 160 years ago looked like it would kill you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup> century definition of cancer,” Brawley said. “It is my belief that papers like this are going to motivate people” to address problems in classifying cancers. The easiest way to get around the problem, he said -- in reference to ductal carcinoma in situ in particular -- is to “remove the word carcinoma.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Esserman's desire to avoid what she called the \"rancorous debate\" that's been going on around cancer screening and detection, that debate is likely to continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Larry Norton, director of the breast center at New York's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center \u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/29/report-suggests-sweeping-changes-to-cancer-detection-and-treatment/?emc=eta1&_r=1\" target=\"_blank\">told the New York Times\u003c/a> that simply changing names doesn't solve the bigger problem that the technology isn't there yet to prove which cases of D.C.I.S. will grow and which ones won't. “I wish we knew that. We don’t have very accurate ways of looking at tissue and looking at tumors under the microscope and knowing with great certainty that it is a slow-growing cancer,” he told the Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next steps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writer and journalist Shannon Brownlee who literally \u003ca href=\"http://www.tedmed.com/talks/show?id=7295\">wrote the book\u003c/a> on overtreatment said she was “delighted” by the Viewpoint. She believes the next step is for medical groups such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to rethink their own guidelines on screening and treatment. By moving beyond a belief that screening is the best way to attack cancer, she says, the recommendations “free us up intellectually to reduce deaths from cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Viewpoint writers call for an effort across medical disciplines, including pathology, surgery, imaging as well as advocates “to revise the taxonomy of lesions now called cancer.” They also call for the creations of \"observational registries\" to generate data so patients with conditions that are unlikely to become cancer can confidently select less invasive treatment options.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "What power does a word have? If the word is “cancer,” for most people it packs a wallop of emotion ranging from anxiety to abject terror. For the last 30 years, a large industry has grown and developed with a focus on awareness and screening. The goals were laudable: get screened; catch cancer early; it won’t be a death sentence.\r\n\r\nThere’s just one problem. It’s not working. This notion of screening was dependent upon the understanding of cancer 30 years ago: that cancer started from a tiny seed and steadily grew and spread until – without treatment – it killed the patient.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13901\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/78147607@N00/5436471236/in/photolist-9hpkuG-9xNuXm-9xKwS6-9xNuGy-9xKwK2-9xNuPm-9xKwFa-9xNuTL-dRanE5-4uDMsi-dRbiVo\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-13901\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/5436471236_a64b2a0245_b-300x299.jpg\" alt='Ductal carcinoma in situ seen under a microscope. While doctors also call it Stage 0 Breast Cancer, in an article Monday, doctors argue it should no longer be labelled \"cancer.\" (Ed Euthman/Flickr)' width=\"300\" height=\"299\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ductal carcinoma in situ as seen under a microscope. Doctors also call D.C.I.S. \"Stage 0 Breast Cancer.\" But in an article Monday, a panel of national scientists argue it should no longer be labelled \"cancer.\" (Ed Euthman/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What power does a word have? If the word is “cancer,” for most people it packs a wallop of emotion ranging from general anxiety to abject terror. For the last 30 years, a large industry has grown and developed with a focus on awareness and screening. The goals were laudable: get screened; catch cancer early; early diagnosis means patients dodge a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s just one problem. It’s not working. This notion of screening was dependent upon the understanding of cancer 30 years ago: that cancer started from a tiny seed and steadily grew and spread until – without treatment – it killed the patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today scientists know that not all cancers behave this way. Some are fast-growing, some may grow slowly, but progressively. But others are “indolent,” so slow-growing, they will never cause the patient harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what certain cancer screening tests have wrought (think \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/26/berkeley-journalist-takes-on-the-feel-good-war-on-breast-cancer/\">mammography\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/jp/quick-read-stop-doing-the-psa-test-now/\">PSA tests\u003c/a>) is a dramatic increase in diagnosis of early-stage disease without a corresponding decline in death rates from cancer or diagnosis of late-stage disease. Many of these early stage patients are likely \"overdiagnosed\" and then \"overtreated\" -- for cancers that may never have grown and spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We terrify (women) with D.C.I.S. thinking they have cancer. We could wait six months to see if something changes without making people hysterical.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Against this backdrop, the National Cancer Institute called together a group of nationally recognized cancer doctors and researchers to review the evidence on overdiagnosis. In a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1722196\" target=\"_blank\">Viewpoint\u003c/a> published Monday in JAMA, the panel calls for major changes in the way the medical world classifies and thinks of “cancer” and the way screening programs are designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This article is really critical for laying the ground work for introducing what I hope will be groundbreaking changes in screening and prevention,” said lead author Dr. Laura Esserman, director of the breast care center at UC San Francisco.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esserman and her colleagues say the improved understanding of the behavior of various cancers provides an opportunity “to refocus screening on reducing disease mortality and lower the burden of cancer screening and treatments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reserve the word “cancer” for cancers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, the writers encourage saving the word “cancer” for those tumors with a “reasonable likelihood of lethal progression if left untreated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They call for dropping the word \"cancer\" from pre-cancerous conditions. The panel calls out two conditions specifically: prostatic intraephithelial neoplasia, currently classified as prostate cancer and D.C.I.S. -- ductal carcinoma in situ -- currently classified as breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We terrify (women) with D.C.I.S. thinking they have cancer,” Esserman says, adding that in many cases, “We could wait six months to see if something changes without making people hysterical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel also calls for the development of highly specialized diagnostic tests to identify these low risk tumors. Many \u003ca href=\"http://www.oncotypedx.com\">biotech companies\u003c/a> are already at work on these kinds of molecular diagnostic tools. It's part of the personalized medicine approach to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"We need a 21st century definition of cancer\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical office of the American Cancer Society, said he was “largely in agreement” with the panel’s recommendations. In our call, he gave me a short biology lesson on medical science’s understanding of cancer, explaining that back in the 1840s Rudolf Virchow, a German pathologist, used an early microscope and identified cancer cells. Virchow then drew pictures that “profile what we use 160 years later” to diagnose cancer, Brawley says. He explained what while many other areas of medicine have advanced, our definitions of cancer still rely on what Virchow defined 160 years ago. (If you're as startled by this news as I was, check out Brawley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.tedmed.com/talks/show?id=7295\">TedMed Talk\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brawley credited a colleague who likened the way doctors classify cancers today to “’racial profiling’ -- something that 160 years ago looked like it would kill you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup> century definition of cancer,” Brawley said. “It is my belief that papers like this are going to motivate people” to address problems in classifying cancers. The easiest way to get around the problem, he said -- in reference to ductal carcinoma in situ in particular -- is to “remove the word carcinoma.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Esserman's desire to avoid what she called the \"rancorous debate\" that's been going on around cancer screening and detection, that debate is likely to continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Larry Norton, director of the breast center at New York's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center \u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/29/report-suggests-sweeping-changes-to-cancer-detection-and-treatment/?emc=eta1&_r=1\" target=\"_blank\">told the New York Times\u003c/a> that simply changing names doesn't solve the bigger problem that the technology isn't there yet to prove which cases of D.C.I.S. will grow and which ones won't. “I wish we knew that. We don’t have very accurate ways of looking at tissue and looking at tumors under the microscope and knowing with great certainty that it is a slow-growing cancer,” he told the Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next steps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writer and journalist Shannon Brownlee who literally \u003ca href=\"http://www.tedmed.com/talks/show?id=7295\">wrote the book\u003c/a> on overtreatment said she was “delighted” by the Viewpoint. She believes the next step is for medical groups such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to rethink their own guidelines on screening and treatment. By moving beyond a belief that screening is the best way to attack cancer, she says, the recommendations “free us up intellectually to reduce deaths from cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Viewpoint writers call for an effort across medical disciplines, including pathology, surgery, imaging as well as advocates “to revise the taxonomy of lesions now called cancer.” They also call for the creations of \"observational registries\" to generate data so patients with conditions that are unlikely to become cancer can confidently select less invasive treatment options.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Mosquitoes Love Us and How We Can Fight Back",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13885 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/96977928-620x415.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mosquitoes are especially attracted to pregnant women and people drinking alcohol. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">has confirmed\u003c/a> the second West Nile virus case this year, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-west-nile-20130725,0,3491766.post\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times \u003c/a>reports that county officials say two adults are hospitalized there with the virus as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every summer, West Nile moves across California, spread by mosquitoes. The insects pick up the virus when they feed on infected birds -- then spread West Nile to humans when they munch on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"They will fly towards carbon dioxide, and so in a lot of cases in the backyard that's you and me.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Avoiding mosquito bites is ideal for lots of reasons besides West Nile. What repellents are best? And why do mosquitoes seem to prefer some people over others? NPR's Shots blog posed those questions and more to Dr. Roger Nasci, chief of the branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that tracks insect-borne viruses. Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/25/205526533/why-mosquitoes-love-me-and-other-mysteries-revealed\" target=\"_blank\">Shots Q&A\u003c/a>:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So why is it that backyard mosquitoes swarm and feast on some people, while others seem to be less palatable to them? Is there any truth to the claim that some blood is sweeter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Well, first off, let's remember that here in the U.S. we have 175 species of mosquitoes, and a relatively small number of them feed on people. But they'll feed on anything that has blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mosquitoes that feed on people are attracted to over 300 gases and other compounds emitted by human skin. And what's attractive for one mosquito species might not be attractive to another. The most well-known compound is carbon dioxide. They can detect that fairly far away, from about 35 to 40 feet. They will fly towards carbon dioxide, and so in a lot of cases in the backyard that's you and me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other compounds various mosquitoes like are lactic acid and water. So it can be the composition of the sweat you exude that makes you more attractive, but the research doesn't show that hygiene really has anything to do with it. We also know that pregnant women are a little more attractive, as are people drinking alcohol. But it's really a very complex set of cues that mosquitoes use, so it's hard to make gross generalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Sounds like that would make coming up with repellents very complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Yes, it does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Has mosquito repellent been getting stronger over time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> No, we have had \u003ca href=\"http://www.rei.com/product/799528/sawyer-jungle-juice-100-pump-spray-insect-repellent-98-percent-deet-2-fl-oz\">Jungle Juice\u003c/a> – that stuff that's 90 to 100 percent DEET – for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So what trends are you seeing around repellents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> We're seeing a real proliferation of new registered products that have different chemicals, and are giving consumers more choices. We've also seen significant advances in formulation chemistry – meaning how the active ingredients are packaged with other compounds. One innovation is time release, so low concentrations of DEET or other active ingredients that can provide long-lasting protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the Department of Defense now sends soldiers out into the field with time-release DEET and uniforms treated with \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/factsheets/permethrin_fs.htm\" target=\"_blank\">permethrin\u003c/a>. There are actually a lot of treated clothing products available these days – the permethrin lasts even after several washings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Do you have any concerns about the repellents we use today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> There are two concerns I have about repellents. One is that there are products coming onto the marketplace that have not been demonstrated as effective. The products we recommend on \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/repellent.html\" target=\"_blank\">our website\u003c/a> are DEET, picaridin, IR3535 and some oil of lemon eucalyptus and para-menthane-diol products. There is a body of scientific literature showing these products to be effective. And they're \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/insect/\">registered with the Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other trend that concerns me is people don't use repellents – they're underutilized, especially in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/16/202749179/a-warm-winter-helped-fuel-west-nile-outbreak-in-dallas\" target=\"_blank\">outbreaks of mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile virus\u003c/a>. Even when these outbreaks are publicized, we have not been successful at getting more people to use repellents effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Is there any evidence of mosquitoes becoming resistant to DEET or other products?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> No, we're not seeing any evidence that mosquitoes are ignoring the repellents. The reason is that humans don't provide the primary blood source for mosquitoes — they mostly feed on animals, like birds. So we're not selecting for the behavior that would lead to resistance. DEET is still the gold standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q\u003c/strong>: Does it matter whether your repellent is 5 percent or 30 percent DEET?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> The amount of DEET can affect how long it lasts. But the research suggests that once you get about 50 percent DEET it's not going to make a lot of difference. The variable is how much you are putting on your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So how do you protect yourself from mosquitoes? Or, given that you're an expert on mosquito-borne diseases, do you just prefer to stay inside?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> When I'm going camping and hiking in the Colorado mountains — and we actually can have a lot of mosquitoes up there — I am using a topical repellent for my skin and wearing treated clothing. With those two, you get optimum protection.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "The state has confirmed the second West Nile virus case this year, and the Los Angeles Times reports that county officials say two adults are hospitalized there with the virus as well. Every summer, West Nile moves across California, spread by mosquitoes. The insects pick up the virus when they feed on infected birds -- then",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13885 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/96977928-620x415.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mosquitoes are especially attracted to pregnant women and people drinking alcohol. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">has confirmed\u003c/a> the second West Nile virus case this year, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-west-nile-20130725,0,3491766.post\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times \u003c/a>reports that county officials say two adults are hospitalized there with the virus as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every summer, West Nile moves across California, spread by mosquitoes. The insects pick up the virus when they feed on infected birds -- then spread West Nile to humans when they munch on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"They will fly towards carbon dioxide, and so in a lot of cases in the backyard that's you and me.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Avoiding mosquito bites is ideal for lots of reasons besides West Nile. What repellents are best? And why do mosquitoes seem to prefer some people over others? NPR's Shots blog posed those questions and more to Dr. Roger Nasci, chief of the branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that tracks insect-borne viruses. Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/25/205526533/why-mosquitoes-love-me-and-other-mysteries-revealed\" target=\"_blank\">Shots Q&A\u003c/a>:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So why is it that backyard mosquitoes swarm and feast on some people, while others seem to be less palatable to them? Is there any truth to the claim that some blood is sweeter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Well, first off, let's remember that here in the U.S. we have 175 species of mosquitoes, and a relatively small number of them feed on people. But they'll feed on anything that has blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mosquitoes that feed on people are attracted to over 300 gases and other compounds emitted by human skin. And what's attractive for one mosquito species might not be attractive to another. The most well-known compound is carbon dioxide. They can detect that fairly far away, from about 35 to 40 feet. They will fly towards carbon dioxide, and so in a lot of cases in the backyard that's you and me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other compounds various mosquitoes like are lactic acid and water. So it can be the composition of the sweat you exude that makes you more attractive, but the research doesn't show that hygiene really has anything to do with it. We also know that pregnant women are a little more attractive, as are people drinking alcohol. But it's really a very complex set of cues that mosquitoes use, so it's hard to make gross generalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Sounds like that would make coming up with repellents very complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Yes, it does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Has mosquito repellent been getting stronger over time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> No, we have had \u003ca href=\"http://www.rei.com/product/799528/sawyer-jungle-juice-100-pump-spray-insect-repellent-98-percent-deet-2-fl-oz\">Jungle Juice\u003c/a> – that stuff that's 90 to 100 percent DEET – for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So what trends are you seeing around repellents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> We're seeing a real proliferation of new registered products that have different chemicals, and are giving consumers more choices. We've also seen significant advances in formulation chemistry – meaning how the active ingredients are packaged with other compounds. One innovation is time release, so low concentrations of DEET or other active ingredients that can provide long-lasting protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the Department of Defense now sends soldiers out into the field with time-release DEET and uniforms treated with \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/factsheets/permethrin_fs.htm\" target=\"_blank\">permethrin\u003c/a>. There are actually a lot of treated clothing products available these days – the permethrin lasts even after several washings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Do you have any concerns about the repellents we use today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> There are two concerns I have about repellents. One is that there are products coming onto the marketplace that have not been demonstrated as effective. The products we recommend on \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/repellent.html\" target=\"_blank\">our website\u003c/a> are DEET, picaridin, IR3535 and some oil of lemon eucalyptus and para-menthane-diol products. There is a body of scientific literature showing these products to be effective. And they're \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/insect/\">registered with the Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other trend that concerns me is people don't use repellents – they're underutilized, especially in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/16/202749179/a-warm-winter-helped-fuel-west-nile-outbreak-in-dallas\" target=\"_blank\">outbreaks of mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile virus\u003c/a>. Even when these outbreaks are publicized, we have not been successful at getting more people to use repellents effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Is there any evidence of mosquitoes becoming resistant to DEET or other products?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> No, we're not seeing any evidence that mosquitoes are ignoring the repellents. The reason is that humans don't provide the primary blood source for mosquitoes — they mostly feed on animals, like birds. So we're not selecting for the behavior that would lead to resistance. DEET is still the gold standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q\u003c/strong>: Does it matter whether your repellent is 5 percent or 30 percent DEET?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> The amount of DEET can affect how long it lasts. But the research suggests that once you get about 50 percent DEET it's not going to make a lot of difference. The variable is how much you are putting on your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So how do you protect yourself from mosquitoes? Or, given that you're an expert on mosquito-borne diseases, do you just prefer to stay inside?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> When I'm going camping and hiking in the Colorado mountains — and we actually can have a lot of mosquitoes up there — I am using a topical repellent for my skin and wearing treated clothing. With those two, you get optimum protection.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Watsonville Program Helps Latino Immigrants Manage Their Diabetes",
"title": "How Watsonville Program Helps Latino Immigrants Manage Their Diabetes",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Vinnee Tong, KQED\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-13806 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/Abel-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Abel Corona having dinner in his Watsonville home. He is more careful about his diet since he was diagnosed with diabetes. (Vinnie Tong/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abel Corona having dinner in his Watsonville home. He is more careful about his diet since he was diagnosed with diabetes. (Vinnee Tong/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Abel Corona sat down to dinner and scrutinized the steak his wife had cooked for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to measure the portions,” he says in Spanish. The steak was extremely thin but still, he seemed to have a sense of guilt about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus on portion sizes comes, in part, as a result of his new efforts to manage his diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corona, a Watsonville resident, was diagnosed about a dozen years ago, but didn't do much to improve his health until 18 months ago when he started seeing a new doctor and, perhaps most importantly, started attending weekly group classes in diabetes education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where he’s been hearing a lot about portion sizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">In Santa Cruz County, home to Watsonville, diabetes rates are 75 percent higher for Latinos than than they are for whites.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The class is run by a Watsonville health clinic, Salud Para la Gente – Health for the People -- as part of a program called Project Dulce. On a recent Thursday evening, Abel joined about a dozen others in a multi-purpose conference room at the nearby Muzzio Community Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Sandoval conducts the classes in Spanish. Sandoval blends cultural references, like folk tales, with a dash of humor to teach the classes. One recent class touched on a variety of subjects, from hypertension to cholesterol and basic nutrition.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Sandoval tells students to think about a deck of cards as a good size for a serving of meat. Or, if they don’t have cards, then to look at the palm of their hand. To drive home the concept, he breaks out in a familiar Spanish song, which translates as “In the palm of my hand, I had her heart.” Students laugh at this. Sandoval says it helps them to remember the lesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class conveys information, but it also serves a more important purpose. It teaches students that diabetes is a manageable disease, and it gives them hope they can continue to earn a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, that need is critical. Sandoval cites one of his students as a typical example: a fieldworker married to a homemaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He goes, ‘I’m the only breadwinner,' and he says, 'if something happens to me, then there goes my family,'” Sandoval says. The point of his class is to help people understand that diabetes is a manageable illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watsonville is an agriculture town known mostly for strawberries, blueberries and raspberries, but in health circles the area is known for diabetes, too. Latinos suffer disproportionately. In Santa Cruz County, home to Watsonville, diabetes rates are 75 percent higher for Latinos than than they are for whites. Rates are also high in adjacent Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval says all of the class participants have some kind of connection to the local agriculture industry. Corona is the typical diabetes patient for this area: He's Latino and a farmworker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corona moved here from Mexico as a teenager, and he works during the harvest season, supporting a family on what is basically seasonal work. He's built a life here. He and and his wife have five children and own their own home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his community, diabetes is all around him. He says his two brothers both have the disease, and so did his mother. “And I have friends who have diabetes,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mexico, Corona says meals were home cooked and only occasionally included meat. When he first arrived in the U.S., he continued eating a Mexican diet, featuring a lot of beans. But eventually he says he grew accustomed to American fare, like pizza from places such as Domino’s and Round Table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sandoval's class, Corona has learned how many carbohydrates there are in a pizza and the quick sugar hit it will give him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Corona's house, he said a meal like the one in front of him -- a thin steak, pinto beans boiled in water and a chopped salad -- was only an occasional treat back in Mexico. They’d eat it perhaps only once a week. That night at least, he was having a home-cooked meal, which included a salad of onions, cilantro, tomatoes and nopales -- a type of cactus that the Corona family grows in their backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corona seems acutely aware of his diet, and he says he has Sandoval’s class to thank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief of the California Department of Public Health's Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Section, Majel Arnold, says classes like this help prevent the spread of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence has showed that when a person with diabetes is referred to these management education programs, that is does improve their ability to manage their diabetes,” Arnold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval says he sees that evidence in his classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This work is really about having that type of an impact on them, so that people have a sense of hope, that they’re able to manage their own diabetes, and in so doing, feel that their family is safe,” Sandoval says. “Because some of the folks feel that it’s one of those types of diseases that ... is life threatening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corona says in the few months he’s been attending Sandoval’s class, he has already started spreading around his newfound knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With my brothers, I share with them what I’ve been learning here,” he says. “And with my wife as well.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Abel Corona sat down to dinner and scrutinized the steak his wife had cooked for him.\r\n\r\n“It’s hard to measure the portions,” he says in Spanish. The steak was extremely thin but still, he seemed to have a sense of guilt about it.\r\n\r\nThe focus on portion sizes comes, in part, as a result of his new efforts to manage his diabetes.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Vinnee Tong, KQED\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-13806 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/Abel-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Abel Corona having dinner in his Watsonville home. He is more careful about his diet since he was diagnosed with diabetes. (Vinnie Tong/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abel Corona having dinner in his Watsonville home. He is more careful about his diet since he was diagnosed with diabetes. (Vinnee Tong/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Abel Corona sat down to dinner and scrutinized the steak his wife had cooked for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to measure the portions,” he says in Spanish. The steak was extremely thin but still, he seemed to have a sense of guilt about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus on portion sizes comes, in part, as a result of his new efforts to manage his diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corona, a Watsonville resident, was diagnosed about a dozen years ago, but didn't do much to improve his health until 18 months ago when he started seeing a new doctor and, perhaps most importantly, started attending weekly group classes in diabetes education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where he’s been hearing a lot about portion sizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">In Santa Cruz County, home to Watsonville, diabetes rates are 75 percent higher for Latinos than than they are for whites.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The class is run by a Watsonville health clinic, Salud Para la Gente – Health for the People -- as part of a program called Project Dulce. On a recent Thursday evening, Abel joined about a dozen others in a multi-purpose conference room at the nearby Muzzio Community Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Sandoval conducts the classes in Spanish. Sandoval blends cultural references, like folk tales, with a dash of humor to teach the classes. One recent class touched on a variety of subjects, from hypertension to cholesterol and basic nutrition.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Sandoval tells students to think about a deck of cards as a good size for a serving of meat. Or, if they don’t have cards, then to look at the palm of their hand. To drive home the concept, he breaks out in a familiar Spanish song, which translates as “In the palm of my hand, I had her heart.” Students laugh at this. Sandoval says it helps them to remember the lesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class conveys information, but it also serves a more important purpose. It teaches students that diabetes is a manageable disease, and it gives them hope they can continue to earn a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, that need is critical. Sandoval cites one of his students as a typical example: a fieldworker married to a homemaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He goes, ‘I’m the only breadwinner,' and he says, 'if something happens to me, then there goes my family,'” Sandoval says. The point of his class is to help people understand that diabetes is a manageable illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watsonville is an agriculture town known mostly for strawberries, blueberries and raspberries, but in health circles the area is known for diabetes, too. Latinos suffer disproportionately. In Santa Cruz County, home to Watsonville, diabetes rates are 75 percent higher for Latinos than than they are for whites. Rates are also high in adjacent Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval says all of the class participants have some kind of connection to the local agriculture industry. Corona is the typical diabetes patient for this area: He's Latino and a farmworker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corona moved here from Mexico as a teenager, and he works during the harvest season, supporting a family on what is basically seasonal work. He's built a life here. He and and his wife have five children and own their own home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his community, diabetes is all around him. He says his two brothers both have the disease, and so did his mother. “And I have friends who have diabetes,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mexico, Corona says meals were home cooked and only occasionally included meat. When he first arrived in the U.S., he continued eating a Mexican diet, featuring a lot of beans. But eventually he says he grew accustomed to American fare, like pizza from places such as Domino’s and Round Table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sandoval's class, Corona has learned how many carbohydrates there are in a pizza and the quick sugar hit it will give him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Corona's house, he said a meal like the one in front of him -- a thin steak, pinto beans boiled in water and a chopped salad -- was only an occasional treat back in Mexico. They’d eat it perhaps only once a week. That night at least, he was having a home-cooked meal, which included a salad of onions, cilantro, tomatoes and nopales -- a type of cactus that the Corona family grows in their backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corona seems acutely aware of his diet, and he says he has Sandoval’s class to thank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief of the California Department of Public Health's Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Section, Majel Arnold, says classes like this help prevent the spread of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence has showed that when a person with diabetes is referred to these management education programs, that is does improve their ability to manage their diabetes,” Arnold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval says he sees that evidence in his classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This work is really about having that type of an impact on them, so that people have a sense of hope, that they’re able to manage their own diabetes, and in so doing, feel that their family is safe,” Sandoval says. “Because some of the folks feel that it’s one of those types of diseases that ... is life threatening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corona says in the few months he’s been attending Sandoval’s class, he has already started spreading around his newfound knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With my brothers, I share with them what I’ve been learning here,” he says. “And with my wife as well.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How TVs Hurt Kids -- No, It's Not the Programming This Time",
"title": "How TVs Hurt Kids -- No, It's Not the Programming This Time",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13782\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-13782 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/164022347-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"It's easy to imagine how this baby could be hurt if the TV toppled over. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It's easy to imagine how this baby could be hurt if the TV toppled over. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a parent I fret about what TV may be doing to my kids' minds. Now a study out Monday warns that TVs pose a risk to children's physical health, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the problem is falling televisions. If you're wondering how it is that TVs fall over, researchers say it's because kids climb on them. Over a 20-year period, researchers say, nearly 200,000 children in the U.S. went to the emergency room because of an injury sustained from a falling TV. More than 200 children have died from these injuries during that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was published in the journal\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/07/17/peds.2013-1086.abstract\" target=\"_blank\"> Pediatrics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the Associated Press:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Doctors and safety experts say better awareness is needed about the dangers — especially the risks of putting heavier, older model TV sets on top of dressers and other furniture young children may try to climb on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most injuries are in kids under 5; head and neck injuries including concussions are the most common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a problem that is increasing at an alarming rate,\" said lead author Dr. Gary Smith, a pediatric emergency specialist and president of the Child Injury Prevention Alliance in Columbus, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said it is unclear from the data what type of TV sets are involved in the accidents or whether older, heavier models are the most common culprit.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, 12,300 children nationwide got ER treatment for TV-related injuries, compared with 5,455 in 1990. The injury rate nearly doubled, from 0.85 injuries per 10,000 children aged 17 and younger in 1990 to 1.66 per 10,000 in 2011, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers examined national ER data on non-fatal television-related injuries to kids from 1990-2011. In many cases, the set had been placed on a dresser and the child used open drawers as stairs to climb up and reach the TV, toppling it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over those two decades, 215 children died from these injuries, government data show, and news reports indicate that since January 2012, at least six young children have been killed nationwide by falling TVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Over at NPR's Shots blog, reporters wondered if flat screen TVs, being more sleek and lighter than the boxes of old, might be safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a word, no. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/22/204512828/tvs-pose-a-danger-to-kids-but-not-the-way-you-might-think\" target=\"_blank\">Shots:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"There is a myth that as flat screens were introduced in the marketplace, we would see a decrease in the number of TV-tip over related injuries to young children,\" Smith said. \"This study shows the opposite is true.\" ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith thinks that one reason is that as flat screens entered the home, the older tube TVs were moved to bureaus, bookshelves and other pieces of furniture where they pose a risk to active, inquisitive youngsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem could be that flat screens tend to carry their weight to the front of the screen, making it more likely the TV will tip forward, the study says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any TV that goes in the home needs to be attached to a wall,\" Smith says, \"regardless of whether it is a flat-screen or a CRT.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other kinds of furniture pose tip-over risks too. The American Academy of Pediatrics has details on \u003ca href=\"http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/news-features-and-safety-tips/Documents/Protecting_Kids_Furniture_TV_Tip-Overs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">how to secure furniture\u003c/a> [PDF] and protect kids. (Bonus: taking these steps will protect you from furniture/TV tipovers in an earthquake, too.)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As a parent I fret about what TV may be doing to my kids' minds. Now a study out Monday warns that TVs pose a risk to children's physical health, too.\r\n\r\nSpecifically, the problem is falling televisions. If you're wondering how it is that TVs fall over, researchers say it's because kids climb on them. Over a 20-year period, researchers say, nearly 200,000 children in the U.S. went to the emergency room because of an injury sustained from a falling TV. More than 200 children have died from these injuries during that time.",
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"title": "How TVs Hurt Kids -- No, It's Not the Programming This Time | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13782\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-13782 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/164022347-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"It's easy to imagine how this baby could be hurt if the TV toppled over. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It's easy to imagine how this baby could be hurt if the TV toppled over. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a parent I fret about what TV may be doing to my kids' minds. Now a study out Monday warns that TVs pose a risk to children's physical health, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the problem is falling televisions. If you're wondering how it is that TVs fall over, researchers say it's because kids climb on them. Over a 20-year period, researchers say, nearly 200,000 children in the U.S. went to the emergency room because of an injury sustained from a falling TV. More than 200 children have died from these injuries during that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was published in the journal\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/07/17/peds.2013-1086.abstract\" target=\"_blank\"> Pediatrics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the Associated Press:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Doctors and safety experts say better awareness is needed about the dangers — especially the risks of putting heavier, older model TV sets on top of dressers and other furniture young children may try to climb on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most injuries are in kids under 5; head and neck injuries including concussions are the most common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a problem that is increasing at an alarming rate,\" said lead author Dr. Gary Smith, a pediatric emergency specialist and president of the Child Injury Prevention Alliance in Columbus, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said it is unclear from the data what type of TV sets are involved in the accidents or whether older, heavier models are the most common culprit.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, 12,300 children nationwide got ER treatment for TV-related injuries, compared with 5,455 in 1990. The injury rate nearly doubled, from 0.85 injuries per 10,000 children aged 17 and younger in 1990 to 1.66 per 10,000 in 2011, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers examined national ER data on non-fatal television-related injuries to kids from 1990-2011. In many cases, the set had been placed on a dresser and the child used open drawers as stairs to climb up and reach the TV, toppling it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over those two decades, 215 children died from these injuries, government data show, and news reports indicate that since January 2012, at least six young children have been killed nationwide by falling TVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Over at NPR's Shots blog, reporters wondered if flat screen TVs, being more sleek and lighter than the boxes of old, might be safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a word, no. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/22/204512828/tvs-pose-a-danger-to-kids-but-not-the-way-you-might-think\" target=\"_blank\">Shots:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"There is a myth that as flat screens were introduced in the marketplace, we would see a decrease in the number of TV-tip over related injuries to young children,\" Smith said. \"This study shows the opposite is true.\" ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith thinks that one reason is that as flat screens entered the home, the older tube TVs were moved to bureaus, bookshelves and other pieces of furniture where they pose a risk to active, inquisitive youngsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem could be that flat screens tend to carry their weight to the front of the screen, making it more likely the TV will tip forward, the study says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any TV that goes in the home needs to be attached to a wall,\" Smith says, \"regardless of whether it is a flat-screen or a CRT.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other kinds of furniture pose tip-over risks too. The American Academy of Pediatrics has details on \u003ca href=\"http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/news-features-and-safety-tips/Documents/Protecting_Kids_Furniture_TV_Tip-Overs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">how to secure furniture\u003c/a> [PDF] and protect kids. (Bonus: taking these steps will protect you from furniture/TV tipovers in an earthquake, too.)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Headaches, Heart Disease, Stroke; Can Aspirin Prevent Cancer, Too?",
"title": "Headaches, Heart Disease, Stroke; Can Aspirin Prevent Cancer, Too?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13656\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/aspirin_ThinkStock-620x586.jpg\" alt=\"(Photo: Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"586\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Photo: Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We've known for years that the lowly over-the-counter aspirin not only relieves headaches, but it can also reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke. Now researchers have demonstrated aspirin can do even more: it may prevent cancer, specifically colon cancer in women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been mounting \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036019\" target=\"_blank\">evidence\u003c/a> that links aspirin use to lower rates of cancer, particularly gastrointestinal cancers like colon cancer. Yet, few studies have set out to directly ask whether aspirin actually reduces cases of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Over the 18 year study, women who took aspirin reduced their risk of colon cancer by about 20 percent.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Results from the \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1709803\" target=\"_blank\">Women’s Health Study\u003c/a> (WHS) released Monday is the first to examine how every-other-day use of low-dose aspirin specifically affects cancer in women, said Nancy Cook an author on the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers chose to use a low-dose of aspirin to minimize the drug’s side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, there has been little information about what dose of aspirin might be needed to prevent cancer.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHS enrolled almost 40,000 women in a decade-long aspirin experiment. Half of the women took a low-dose of aspirin (100mg) every other day. The other half was given placebo. Over the 18 year study, women who took aspirin reduced their risk of colon cancer by about 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of 10 years, Cook and her colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998890\" target=\"_blank\">compared\u003c/a> the aspirin-takers with those that took the sugar pills. But they didn’t see any difference in cancer rates between the groups.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I\u003c/strong>n previous studies that hinted at a cancer-preventing role of aspirin, participants were often given high doses of the drug. Even then, many of those benefits came with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21144578\">delay\u003c/a> -- 5 or 10 years after starting the regimen.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the research team continued to follow 34,000 of the original women and tracked their health for roughly 8 more years. Then they did the comparison again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t expecting to see [an] effect on colorectal cancer at all. Our initial results had been null,” said Cook, a professor at Boston's Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. But “right after we published the [initial] results of the trial, those curves begin to separate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those results are published in this latest study. Among the group of women who took a low-dose of aspirin, there were fewer cases of colorectal cancer. “That was really surprising,” Cook added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine Van Loon, a gastrointestinal oncologist at UCSF sounded downright enthusiastic when I talked to her on the phone. The study is \"incredibly robust,\" she said. “The sample size [of nearly 40,000 women] and the long duration of follow up are really exceptional,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury is still out on aspirin’s effect on other cancers, including breast and lung. To date, research findings have been inconsistent and the WHS didn’t find any effect for other types of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how aspirin may prevent colon cancer is still a mystery, and scientists also don’t clearly understand the reason behind the delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems that those [studies] with higher doses [of aspirin] tended to find the effect earlier,” said Cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people wary of cancer may want to exercise caution before stocking up on a year’s supply of aspirin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher doses of aspirin can lead to more side effects, and the study found that even a low dose of aspirin put people at greater risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic ulcers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rare instances, aspirin can cause gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which could lead to hospitalization and blood transfusions, said Cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drugs that work come with a risk,” said Bruce Hammock, a professor in both UC Davis’ Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Entomology Department (it turns out chemical pathways in insects are very similar to those in humans). Doctors should ask patients if they have \"a tendency toward GI bleeding,\" Hammock said. “If you do, you would run away from aspirin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand are patients with a family history of colon cancer or a genetic pre-disposition to form gastrointestinal tumors. “These data say to me that that cohort of people would probably be a lot better off taking a baby aspirin,” said Hammock.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, each person must weigh the risks and benefits of their personal health history with their doctor and watch for possible complications when using any drug.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "We've known for years that the lowly over-the-counter aspirin not only relieves headaches, but it can also reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke. Now researchers have demonstrated aspirin can do even more: it may prevent cancer, specifically colon cancer in women.\r\n\r\nThere has been mounting evidence that links aspirin use to lower rates of cancer, particularly gastrointestinal cancers like colon cancer. Yet, few studies have set out to directly ask whether aspirin actually reduces cases of cancer.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13656\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/aspirin_ThinkStock-620x586.jpg\" alt=\"(Photo: Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"586\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Photo: Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We've known for years that the lowly over-the-counter aspirin not only relieves headaches, but it can also reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke. Now researchers have demonstrated aspirin can do even more: it may prevent cancer, specifically colon cancer in women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been mounting \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036019\" target=\"_blank\">evidence\u003c/a> that links aspirin use to lower rates of cancer, particularly gastrointestinal cancers like colon cancer. Yet, few studies have set out to directly ask whether aspirin actually reduces cases of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Over the 18 year study, women who took aspirin reduced their risk of colon cancer by about 20 percent.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Results from the \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1709803\" target=\"_blank\">Women’s Health Study\u003c/a> (WHS) released Monday is the first to examine how every-other-day use of low-dose aspirin specifically affects cancer in women, said Nancy Cook an author on the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers chose to use a low-dose of aspirin to minimize the drug’s side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, there has been little information about what dose of aspirin might be needed to prevent cancer.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHS enrolled almost 40,000 women in a decade-long aspirin experiment. Half of the women took a low-dose of aspirin (100mg) every other day. The other half was given placebo. Over the 18 year study, women who took aspirin reduced their risk of colon cancer by about 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of 10 years, Cook and her colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998890\" target=\"_blank\">compared\u003c/a> the aspirin-takers with those that took the sugar pills. But they didn’t see any difference in cancer rates between the groups.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I\u003c/strong>n previous studies that hinted at a cancer-preventing role of aspirin, participants were often given high doses of the drug. Even then, many of those benefits came with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21144578\">delay\u003c/a> -- 5 or 10 years after starting the regimen.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the research team continued to follow 34,000 of the original women and tracked their health for roughly 8 more years. Then they did the comparison again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t expecting to see [an] effect on colorectal cancer at all. Our initial results had been null,” said Cook, a professor at Boston's Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. But “right after we published the [initial] results of the trial, those curves begin to separate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those results are published in this latest study. Among the group of women who took a low-dose of aspirin, there were fewer cases of colorectal cancer. “That was really surprising,” Cook added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine Van Loon, a gastrointestinal oncologist at UCSF sounded downright enthusiastic when I talked to her on the phone. The study is \"incredibly robust,\" she said. “The sample size [of nearly 40,000 women] and the long duration of follow up are really exceptional,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury is still out on aspirin’s effect on other cancers, including breast and lung. To date, research findings have been inconsistent and the WHS didn’t find any effect for other types of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how aspirin may prevent colon cancer is still a mystery, and scientists also don’t clearly understand the reason behind the delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems that those [studies] with higher doses [of aspirin] tended to find the effect earlier,” said Cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people wary of cancer may want to exercise caution before stocking up on a year’s supply of aspirin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher doses of aspirin can lead to more side effects, and the study found that even a low dose of aspirin put people at greater risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic ulcers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rare instances, aspirin can cause gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which could lead to hospitalization and blood transfusions, said Cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drugs that work come with a risk,” said Bruce Hammock, a professor in both UC Davis’ Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Entomology Department (it turns out chemical pathways in insects are very similar to those in humans). Doctors should ask patients if they have \"a tendency toward GI bleeding,\" Hammock said. “If you do, you would run away from aspirin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand are patients with a family history of colon cancer or a genetic pre-disposition to form gastrointestinal tumors. “These data say to me that that cohort of people would probably be a lot better off taking a baby aspirin,” said Hammock.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, each person must weigh the risks and benefits of their personal health history with their doctor and watch for possible complications when using any drug.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The 'Sink-Urinal' Encourages Men to Wash Hands -- and Saves Water, Too!",
"title": "The 'Sink-Urinal' Encourages Men to Wash Hands -- and Saves Water, Too!",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Elise Hu\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/07/09/200367795/the-sink-urinal-saves-water-encourages-men-to-wash-hands\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13620\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/20111003_stand_print_18_wide-c6aaf6b15b60078f8b79229e018bd908f54eb135-s40-620x348.jpg\" alt=\"The design, called Stand, is already in use in several European countries. (Ingus Bajars/Courtesy of Kaspar Jursons)\" width=\"620\" height=\"348\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The design, called Stand, is already in use in several European countries. (Ingus Bajars/Courtesy of Kaspar Jursons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Latvian designer named Kaspars Jursons is trying to help solve European water shortages by redesigning the men's restroom. His new urinal design includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.standpage.com/en/stand/\">a tap and sink right over it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just a fancy piece of art,\" he says. \"The idea is about function and consumption. You are washing your hands in the sink on top of the urinal, and the same water that's running is also used to flush. You don't have to use water twice, like when you use the urinal and wash your hands in separate sink.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"You are washing your hands in the sink on top of the urinal, and the same water that's running is also used to flush.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The design, called Stand, sells for about $590 per unit. They're being manufactured on a small production line and have already sold to buyers in Norway, Germany, Russia, Poland and Jursons' home country, Latvia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several sink-urinals are currently installed in a concert venue in Riga, Latvia, where Jursons reports they have worked smoothly and saved thousands of liters of water.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tap is hands-free and sensor-activated, and Jursons says having the sink right over the urinal gives it another feature: an in-your-face reminder to wash your hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked whether folks might find the sink and the urinal a little too close for comfort, Jursons says, \"It is more suitable for hygiene than just a urinal and then guys who don't wash [their] hands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ladies, if you think your restrooms deserve new design concepts too, stay tuned. Jursons says his next concept is a sink-toilet combo that not only saves water, but saves a lot of bathroom space.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A Latvian designer named Kaspars Jursons is trying to help solve European water shortages by redesigning the men's restroom. His new urinal design includes a tap and sink right over it.\r\n\r\n\"It's not just a fancy piece of art,\" he says. \"The idea is about function and consumption. You are washing your hands in the sink on top of the urinal, and the same water that's running is also used to flush.",
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"description": "A Latvian designer named Kaspars Jursons is trying to help solve European water shortages by redesigning the men's restroom. His new urinal design includes a tap and sink right over it.\r\n\r\n"It's not just a fancy piece of art," he says. "The idea is about function and consumption. You are washing your hands in the sink on top of the urinal, and the same water that's running is also used to flush.",
"title": "The 'Sink-Urinal' Encourages Men to Wash Hands -- and Saves Water, Too! | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Elise Hu\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/07/09/200367795/the-sink-urinal-saves-water-encourages-men-to-wash-hands\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13620\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/20111003_stand_print_18_wide-c6aaf6b15b60078f8b79229e018bd908f54eb135-s40-620x348.jpg\" alt=\"The design, called Stand, is already in use in several European countries. (Ingus Bajars/Courtesy of Kaspar Jursons)\" width=\"620\" height=\"348\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The design, called Stand, is already in use in several European countries. (Ingus Bajars/Courtesy of Kaspar Jursons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Latvian designer named Kaspars Jursons is trying to help solve European water shortages by redesigning the men's restroom. His new urinal design includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.standpage.com/en/stand/\">a tap and sink right over it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just a fancy piece of art,\" he says. \"The idea is about function and consumption. You are washing your hands in the sink on top of the urinal, and the same water that's running is also used to flush. You don't have to use water twice, like when you use the urinal and wash your hands in separate sink.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"You are washing your hands in the sink on top of the urinal, and the same water that's running is also used to flush.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The design, called Stand, sells for about $590 per unit. They're being manufactured on a small production line and have already sold to buyers in Norway, Germany, Russia, Poland and Jursons' home country, Latvia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several sink-urinals are currently installed in a concert venue in Riga, Latvia, where Jursons reports they have worked smoothly and saved thousands of liters of water.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tap is hands-free and sensor-activated, and Jursons says having the sink right over the urinal gives it another feature: an in-your-face reminder to wash your hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked whether folks might find the sink and the urinal a little too close for comfort, Jursons says, \"It is more suitable for hygiene than just a urinal and then guys who don't wash [their] hands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ladies, if you think your restrooms deserve new design concepts too, stay tuned. Jursons says his next concept is a sink-toilet combo that not only saves water, but saves a lot of bathroom space.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "CT Scans and Kids: Parents Often Unaware of Risks",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-10715\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/CT-scan-13-of-Clubs_Flickr-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"CT scan 13 of Clubs_Flickr\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">Mary Kathryn Lynch stood next to her young son in a Lake Tahoe emergency room. The Oakland resident had rushed her 9-year-old to the hospital after a ski accident left him groggy, curled up in the fetal position, and speaking incoherently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nurses and hospital staff told Lynch that her son needed a CT scan of his head right away, she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lynch and her husband were both worried the accident may have caused brain damage, her husband was also weighing risks of the scan's radiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CT -- or computerized tomography -- combines a series of x-rays for a sophisticated image. In this case, doctors could use the scan to quickly detect internal bleeding or other injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a powerful tool that has saved lives by discovering small problems before they’ve had the chance to get worse, says Andrew Phelps, a pediatric radiologist at UCSF. But the useful pictures come at a cost: CT scans expose patients to radiation levels that are higher than other types of imaging, like traditional x-rays or MRIs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And exposure to high levels of radiation has been linked to cancer.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the potential dangers, fewer than half of the parents who bring their children into emergency rooms are aware of the cancer risks from CT scans, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/07/02/peds.2013-0378.abstract\">study\u003c/a> published today in the journal Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly there is a gap in the truth about the radiation risks and parental understanding,” said Phelps, who was not involved with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the potential risk to any individual is small, multiple exposures or high doses of radiation may increase the risk of cancer later in life. What’s more, the developing bodies of children may be even more sensitive to radiation than adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study researchers surveyed parents arriving in Canadian emergency rooms with kids who had suffered head injuries. The researchers found that roughly 90 percent of parents were “very willing/willing” to have a CT scan done on their child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of CT scans in diagnosing kids has grown dramatically in the past decades. One previous \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1696279\">study\u003c/a> of U.S. health centers found that the number of scans in kids younger than age 5 had doubled from 1995 to 2005. During the same period, the number of scans tripled for children ages 5-14. Other research of CT scans in emergency rooms, has \u003ca href=\"http://radiology.rsna.org/content/early/2011/03/15/radiol.11101939.full\">found\u003c/a> that the increase was even higher: CT scans in kids increased fivefold from 1995 to 2008, growing from 0.33 to 1.65 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2007, studies suggest that the use of CT in children has declined. At pediatric hospitals, more doctors are prescribing ultrasounds or MRIs, which are less risky, said Phelps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But about half of all pediatric imaging occurs in non-pediatric imaging centers,” he said, adding that children who get tests at places that cater to adults may not always be getting “kid-sized” doses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many physicians credit much of the decrease in the number of CT scans in recent years to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pedrad.org/associations/5364/ig/\">Image Gently\u003c/a> campaign by the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging. The campaign advocates for doing tests only when they are medically necessary and then to use the smallest amount of radiation possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The purpose is to educate the pediatricians and the general practitioners before you order a test,” said Bernice Law, a pediatric radiologist at California Pacific Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign encourages parents to be proactive and ask physicians if a test is medically necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Canadian study, researchers found that a clear discussion of risks and benefits makes a difference to parents. After these conversations, the number of parents willing to approve a CT scan in their child dropped from 90 to almost 70 percent. In addition, more than 90 percent of all the parents -- including those who still wanted the scan -- wanted to know the risks before the tests were done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the emergency room at Lake Tahoe, Lynch didn’t know a lot about the risks of a CT scan but she did know that something was wrong with her son. “You can see that your kid is in distress,” she said. “Here’s an immediate problem versus a potential future problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband asked the hospital staff about alternatives and ways to minimize the amount of radiation from the CT scan. But she says she felt pressure by some staff to do the test right away. “I will say that we really had to pull that information out of them,” Lynch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a more senior doctor arrived in the emergency room, he explained the risks and benefits of the procedure with Lynch and her husband. “The doctor there was fabulous because he gave us a lot of information, and it felt like we were making a very informed decision,” said Lynch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lynch was signing the paperwork to consent to the CT scan, her groggy son suddenly began to perk up. He started to uncurl his body and speak normally. In the end, he didn’t get a CT scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, like many parents in the Canadian study, Lynch said that she appreciated a doctor walking her through all the risks and benefits of the test.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Mary Kathryn Lynch stood next to her young son in a Lake Tahoe emergency room. The Oakland resident had rushed her 9-year-old to the hospital after a ski accident left him groggy, curled up in the fetal position, and speaking incoherently.\r\n\r\nNurses and hospital staff told Lynch that her son needed a CT scan of his head right away, she recalled.\r\n\r\nWhile Lynch and her husband were both worried the accident may have caused brain damage, her husband was also weighing risks of the scan's radiation.",
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"description": "Mary Kathryn Lynch stood next to her young son in a Lake Tahoe emergency room. The Oakland resident had rushed her 9-year-old to the hospital after a ski accident left him groggy, curled up in the fetal position, and speaking incoherently.\r\n\r\nNurses and hospital staff told Lynch that her son needed a CT scan of his head right away, she recalled.\r\n\r\nWhile Lynch and her husband were both worried the accident may have caused brain damage, her husband was also weighing risks of the scan's radiation.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-10715\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/CT-scan-13-of-Clubs_Flickr-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"CT scan 13 of Clubs_Flickr\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">Mary Kathryn Lynch stood next to her young son in a Lake Tahoe emergency room. The Oakland resident had rushed her 9-year-old to the hospital after a ski accident left him groggy, curled up in the fetal position, and speaking incoherently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nurses and hospital staff told Lynch that her son needed a CT scan of his head right away, she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lynch and her husband were both worried the accident may have caused brain damage, her husband was also weighing risks of the scan's radiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CT -- or computerized tomography -- combines a series of x-rays for a sophisticated image. In this case, doctors could use the scan to quickly detect internal bleeding or other injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a powerful tool that has saved lives by discovering small problems before they’ve had the chance to get worse, says Andrew Phelps, a pediatric radiologist at UCSF. But the useful pictures come at a cost: CT scans expose patients to radiation levels that are higher than other types of imaging, like traditional x-rays or MRIs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And exposure to high levels of radiation has been linked to cancer.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the potential dangers, fewer than half of the parents who bring their children into emergency rooms are aware of the cancer risks from CT scans, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/07/02/peds.2013-0378.abstract\">study\u003c/a> published today in the journal Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly there is a gap in the truth about the radiation risks and parental understanding,” said Phelps, who was not involved with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the potential risk to any individual is small, multiple exposures or high doses of radiation may increase the risk of cancer later in life. What’s more, the developing bodies of children may be even more sensitive to radiation than adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study researchers surveyed parents arriving in Canadian emergency rooms with kids who had suffered head injuries. The researchers found that roughly 90 percent of parents were “very willing/willing” to have a CT scan done on their child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of CT scans in diagnosing kids has grown dramatically in the past decades. One previous \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1696279\">study\u003c/a> of U.S. health centers found that the number of scans in kids younger than age 5 had doubled from 1995 to 2005. During the same period, the number of scans tripled for children ages 5-14. Other research of CT scans in emergency rooms, has \u003ca href=\"http://radiology.rsna.org/content/early/2011/03/15/radiol.11101939.full\">found\u003c/a> that the increase was even higher: CT scans in kids increased fivefold from 1995 to 2008, growing from 0.33 to 1.65 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2007, studies suggest that the use of CT in children has declined. At pediatric hospitals, more doctors are prescribing ultrasounds or MRIs, which are less risky, said Phelps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But about half of all pediatric imaging occurs in non-pediatric imaging centers,” he said, adding that children who get tests at places that cater to adults may not always be getting “kid-sized” doses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many physicians credit much of the decrease in the number of CT scans in recent years to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pedrad.org/associations/5364/ig/\">Image Gently\u003c/a> campaign by the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging. The campaign advocates for doing tests only when they are medically necessary and then to use the smallest amount of radiation possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The purpose is to educate the pediatricians and the general practitioners before you order a test,” said Bernice Law, a pediatric radiologist at California Pacific Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign encourages parents to be proactive and ask physicians if a test is medically necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Canadian study, researchers found that a clear discussion of risks and benefits makes a difference to parents. After these conversations, the number of parents willing to approve a CT scan in their child dropped from 90 to almost 70 percent. In addition, more than 90 percent of all the parents -- including those who still wanted the scan -- wanted to know the risks before the tests were done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the emergency room at Lake Tahoe, Lynch didn’t know a lot about the risks of a CT scan but she did know that something was wrong with her son. “You can see that your kid is in distress,” she said. “Here’s an immediate problem versus a potential future problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband asked the hospital staff about alternatives and ways to minimize the amount of radiation from the CT scan. But she says she felt pressure by some staff to do the test right away. “I will say that we really had to pull that information out of them,” Lynch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a more senior doctor arrived in the emergency room, he explained the risks and benefits of the procedure with Lynch and her husband. “The doctor there was fabulous because he gave us a lot of information, and it felt like we were making a very informed decision,” said Lynch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lynch was signing the paperwork to consent to the CT scan, her groggy son suddenly began to perk up. He started to uncurl his body and speak normally. In the end, he didn’t get a CT scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, like many parents in the Canadian study, Lynch said that she appreciated a doctor walking her through all the risks and benefits of the test.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Air Pollution Cause Asthma in Kids? How About Autism?",
"title": "Can Air Pollution Cause Asthma in Kids? How About Autism?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12294\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 491px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12294\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/04/AutoPollution_GettyImages.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images/Thinkstock)\" width=\"491\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/04/AutoPollution_GettyImages.jpg 491w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/04/AutoPollution_GettyImages-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/04/AutoPollution_GettyImages-320x227.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images/Thinkstock)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We all know air pollution is not great for your health, but two new studies this week stressed just how bad it can be for children, infants and the developing fetus. Exposure to air pollution at a young age, these studies showed, can lead to an array of long-lasting health problems, including asthma and autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just that polluted air can, say, trigger asthma attacks. Now, researchers are finding that exposure to air pollution may actually cause some diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re discovering some of the long-term effects of this air pollution: things like lung development in kids,” said Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Communities should be informed of what they’re breathing.” -- Paul Cort, Earthjustice \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/23750510/reload=0;jsessionid=1gzFXIEMY9Op4KHZiWa1.6\">study\u003c/a> led by UCSF found that African American and Latino infants living in communities with high automobile exhaust are more likely to develop childhood asthma than those living with less pollution. This is significant because minority communities are more likely to live near congested roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, African Americans and multi-racial people have some of the highest rates of asthma, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/stateprofiles/Asthma_in_CA.pdf\">CDC\u003c/a>. But rigorous scientific studies that examine just how the lungs of minority children develop when swamped with car exhaust have been rare.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this new study, researchers followed more than 4,000 African American and Latino children in the Bay Area and other cities in the United States and Puerto Rico. It’s one of the largest studies of its kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that exposure to higher levels of nitrogen dioxide -- a pollutant found in automobile exhaust -- put healthy infants at a greater risk of developing asthma later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was despite the fact that the average amount of nitrogen dioxide infants were exposed to was almost 3 times lower than the limit set by the Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found an association even though all of these children were exposed to what the EPA would consider to be an acceptable level of air pollution,” said Katherine Nishimura, a UCSF researcher and lead author on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nishimura tracked pollution exposure for infants within their first years of life. This is a time when children’s lungs and immune system are developing, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though factors other than pollution may also increase the risk of developing asthma -- like obesity, stress, and a family history -- the team’s results raise questions about whether the national standards for nitrogen dioxide are strong enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem hits home in California. This year, California cities dominated the top ten most air polluted cities in the nation, according to the American Lung Association's \u003ca href=\"http://www.stateoftheair.org/2013/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html\">State of the Air\u003c/a> report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has this golden reputation of being so far out in front in everything,” said Paul Cort, attorney at Earthjustice, a San Francisco-based environmental advocacy group that has pushed for tighter air pollution standards. “And yet we still have two of the most polluted air basins in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stronger evidence that pollutants increase risk of autism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research out this week links air pollution to autism. Those findings suggest that public health officials might want to look at strengthening regulations for more than just nitrogen dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diesel particulates and metals like lead, manganese, and mercury that are found in polluted air have been shown to disrupt brain development in babies in the womb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from Harvard's School of Public Health \u003ca href=\"http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/6/ehp.1206187.pdf\">found\u003c/a> that pregnant women who were exposed to high levels of air pollution were up to two times more likely to have a child with autism when compared to pregnant women who lived in low pollution areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, air pollution came from a variety of sources including automobiles, power plants, factories, incinerators and businesses. And greater levels of diesel, mercury, lead, manganese, methylene chloride, and a combination of metals found in the air were linked to higher rates of autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“New studies should begin the process of measuring metals and other pollutants in the blood of pregnant women or newborn children to provide stronger evidence that specific pollutants increase risk of autism,” Marc Weisskopf, a public health professor at Harvard and an author of the study said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/exposure-to-high-pollution-levels-during-pregnancy-may-increase-risk-of-having-child-with-autism/\">press release\u003c/a>. “A better understanding of this can help to develop interventions to reduce pregnant women’s exposure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked at more than 22,000 women who had children with and without autism. This was the first large national study to examine the effects of air pollution on pregnancy and autism, the authors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly the underserved communities are very affected,” said Benjamin. “Many times these [factories and] plants are put into communities where the land is fundamentally cheap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But air pollution has rarely been monitored in these communities, hindering advocates’ abilities to fully grasp and tackle the issue, said Cort. “These communities should be informed of what they’re breathing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates hope that the flood of research on the effects of air pollution on children will bolster a case for tighter air pollution and car emission standards in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "We all know air pollution is not great for your health, but two new studies this week stressed just how bad it can be for children, infants and the developing fetus. Exposure to air pollution at a young age, these studies showed, can lead to an array of long-lasting health problems, including asthma and autism.\r\n\r\nIt's not just that polluted air can, say, trigger asthma attacks. Now, researchers are finding that exposure to air pollution may actually cause some diseases.\r\n\r\n“We’re discovering some of the long-term effects of this air pollution: things like lung development in kids,” said Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12294\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 491px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12294\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/04/AutoPollution_GettyImages.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images/Thinkstock)\" width=\"491\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/04/AutoPollution_GettyImages.jpg 491w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/04/AutoPollution_GettyImages-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/04/AutoPollution_GettyImages-320x227.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images/Thinkstock)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We all know air pollution is not great for your health, but two new studies this week stressed just how bad it can be for children, infants and the developing fetus. Exposure to air pollution at a young age, these studies showed, can lead to an array of long-lasting health problems, including asthma and autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just that polluted air can, say, trigger asthma attacks. Now, researchers are finding that exposure to air pollution may actually cause some diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re discovering some of the long-term effects of this air pollution: things like lung development in kids,” said Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Communities should be informed of what they’re breathing.” -- Paul Cort, Earthjustice \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/23750510/reload=0;jsessionid=1gzFXIEMY9Op4KHZiWa1.6\">study\u003c/a> led by UCSF found that African American and Latino infants living in communities with high automobile exhaust are more likely to develop childhood asthma than those living with less pollution. This is significant because minority communities are more likely to live near congested roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, African Americans and multi-racial people have some of the highest rates of asthma, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/stateprofiles/Asthma_in_CA.pdf\">CDC\u003c/a>. But rigorous scientific studies that examine just how the lungs of minority children develop when swamped with car exhaust have been rare.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this new study, researchers followed more than 4,000 African American and Latino children in the Bay Area and other cities in the United States and Puerto Rico. It’s one of the largest studies of its kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that exposure to higher levels of nitrogen dioxide -- a pollutant found in automobile exhaust -- put healthy infants at a greater risk of developing asthma later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was despite the fact that the average amount of nitrogen dioxide infants were exposed to was almost 3 times lower than the limit set by the Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found an association even though all of these children were exposed to what the EPA would consider to be an acceptable level of air pollution,” said Katherine Nishimura, a UCSF researcher and lead author on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nishimura tracked pollution exposure for infants within their first years of life. This is a time when children’s lungs and immune system are developing, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though factors other than pollution may also increase the risk of developing asthma -- like obesity, stress, and a family history -- the team’s results raise questions about whether the national standards for nitrogen dioxide are strong enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem hits home in California. This year, California cities dominated the top ten most air polluted cities in the nation, according to the American Lung Association's \u003ca href=\"http://www.stateoftheair.org/2013/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html\">State of the Air\u003c/a> report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has this golden reputation of being so far out in front in everything,” said Paul Cort, attorney at Earthjustice, a San Francisco-based environmental advocacy group that has pushed for tighter air pollution standards. “And yet we still have two of the most polluted air basins in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stronger evidence that pollutants increase risk of autism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research out this week links air pollution to autism. Those findings suggest that public health officials might want to look at strengthening regulations for more than just nitrogen dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diesel particulates and metals like lead, manganese, and mercury that are found in polluted air have been shown to disrupt brain development in babies in the womb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from Harvard's School of Public Health \u003ca href=\"http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/6/ehp.1206187.pdf\">found\u003c/a> that pregnant women who were exposed to high levels of air pollution were up to two times more likely to have a child with autism when compared to pregnant women who lived in low pollution areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, air pollution came from a variety of sources including automobiles, power plants, factories, incinerators and businesses. And greater levels of diesel, mercury, lead, manganese, methylene chloride, and a combination of metals found in the air were linked to higher rates of autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“New studies should begin the process of measuring metals and other pollutants in the blood of pregnant women or newborn children to provide stronger evidence that specific pollutants increase risk of autism,” Marc Weisskopf, a public health professor at Harvard and an author of the study said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/exposure-to-high-pollution-levels-during-pregnancy-may-increase-risk-of-having-child-with-autism/\">press release\u003c/a>. “A better understanding of this can help to develop interventions to reduce pregnant women’s exposure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked at more than 22,000 women who had children with and without autism. This was the first large national study to examine the effects of air pollution on pregnancy and autism, the authors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly the underserved communities are very affected,” said Benjamin. “Many times these [factories and] plants are put into communities where the land is fundamentally cheap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But air pollution has rarely been monitored in these communities, hindering advocates’ abilities to fully grasp and tackle the issue, said Cort. “These communities should be informed of what they’re breathing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates hope that the flood of research on the effects of air pollution on children will bolster a case for tighter air pollution and car emission standards in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Baby Panic'? Women Over 35 May Be Quite Fertile After All",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13314\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/06/122274215-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I walked into the newsroom today startled to see the TV screen tuned to ABC's Good Morning America streaming (or screaming?) \"Baby Panic: How long can you wait to have a baby?\" across the bottom of the screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wondered why this discussion was suddenly news again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hate the \"baby panic\" story. I got pregnant easily for the first time at 39. Right on my block, I can quickly count a number of women who also had their first child after 35. Many of us also had children in our 40s. Most of us did this without fertility treatments. I always thought baby panic was a way to get women to \"lean out\" of their careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was with some trepidation that I discovered \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/07/how-long-can-you-wait-to-have-a-baby/309374/?single_page=true\" target=\"_blank\">The Atlantic article\u003c/a> that appears to be driving this new media frenzy. But this article is different. It debunks the conventional wisdom about women over 35 facing a steep and rapid decline in fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her piece, Jean Twenge weaves in her personal story: divorced at 30, longing for children, worrying she'd never have them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she dives into the data. For example, where does the statistic showing that one-third of women 35 to 39 will not be pregnant after a year of trying come from?\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>French birth records from 1670 to 1830.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In other words,\" Twenge writes, \"millions of women are being told when to get pregnant based on statistics from a time before electricity, antibiotics or fertility treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2007 I was thinking about statistics in a different way at the annual \u003ca href=\"http://healthjournalism.org/calendar-details.php?id=6\" target=\"_blank\">Health Journalism\u003c/a> conference in Los Angeles. At a session on \"Innovations in Reproductive Health,\" I listened as Dr. Richard Paulsen, director of USC Fertility, discussed the decline in fertility that happens to women over 35. I queried him after his talk, pointing out my own purely anecdotal observations in my neighborhood. He confirmed that we \"don't know the denominator.\" In other words, women who seek fertility treatments are by definition having trouble getting pregnant. There wasn't a lot of data looking at the population of women over 35, trying to get pregnant and succeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's changing, as Twenge reports. While 21st century data on modern women who want to get pregnant are still \"sparse,\" she cited these:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2004/01000/Increased_Infertility_With_Age_in_Men_and_Women.10.aspxYoublacklove\" target=\"_blank\">Obstetrics & Gynecology\u003c/a>: of couples having sex twice a week, 82 percent of 35-to-39 year old women conceive within a year vs. 86 percent of 27-to-34 year olds\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028213003397\" target=\"_blank\">Fertility and Sterility\u003c/a>: of couples having sex during their fertile times, 78 percent of 35-to-40 year olds got pregnant within a year vs. 84 percent of 20-to-34 year olds\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Again, these studies are limited, but they are starting to get at a better \"denominator\" that Dr. Paulsen and I discussed several years ago. There is a decline, but in this limited data set if appears to be much more gradual than has been widely reported. In addition, that decline \"is still of relatively limited use to individuals, given the large range of fertility found in healthy women,\" Allen Wilcox of the NIH tells Twenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In closing her piece, Twenge says the data, though imperfect, lead her to two conclusions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>No. 1: fertility declines with age. No. 2, and much more relevant: the vast majority of women in their late 30s will be able to get pregnant on their own.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn more:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/07/how-long-can-you-wait-to-have-a-baby/309374/?single_page=true\" target=\"_blank\">How Long Can You Wait to Have a Baby? \u003c/a>(The Atlantic)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "I walked into the newsroom today startled to see the TV screen tuned to ABC's Good Morning America streaming (or screaming?) \"Baby Panic: How long can you wait to have a baby?\" across the bottom of the screen.\r\n\r\nI wondered why this discussion was suddenly news again.\r\n\r\nI hate the \"baby panic\" story. I got pregnant easily for the first time at 39. Right on my block, I can quickly count a number of women who also had their first child after 35. Many of us also had children in our 40s. Most of us did this without fertility treatments. I always thought baby panic was a way to get women to \"lean out\" of their careers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13314\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/06/122274215-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I walked into the newsroom today startled to see the TV screen tuned to ABC's Good Morning America streaming (or screaming?) \"Baby Panic: How long can you wait to have a baby?\" across the bottom of the screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wondered why this discussion was suddenly news again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hate the \"baby panic\" story. I got pregnant easily for the first time at 39. Right on my block, I can quickly count a number of women who also had their first child after 35. Many of us also had children in our 40s. Most of us did this without fertility treatments. I always thought baby panic was a way to get women to \"lean out\" of their careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was with some trepidation that I discovered \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/07/how-long-can-you-wait-to-have-a-baby/309374/?single_page=true\" target=\"_blank\">The Atlantic article\u003c/a> that appears to be driving this new media frenzy. But this article is different. It debunks the conventional wisdom about women over 35 facing a steep and rapid decline in fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her piece, Jean Twenge weaves in her personal story: divorced at 30, longing for children, worrying she'd never have them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she dives into the data. For example, where does the statistic showing that one-third of women 35 to 39 will not be pregnant after a year of trying come from?\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>French birth records from 1670 to 1830.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In other words,\" Twenge writes, \"millions of women are being told when to get pregnant based on statistics from a time before electricity, antibiotics or fertility treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2007 I was thinking about statistics in a different way at the annual \u003ca href=\"http://healthjournalism.org/calendar-details.php?id=6\" target=\"_blank\">Health Journalism\u003c/a> conference in Los Angeles. At a session on \"Innovations in Reproductive Health,\" I listened as Dr. Richard Paulsen, director of USC Fertility, discussed the decline in fertility that happens to women over 35. I queried him after his talk, pointing out my own purely anecdotal observations in my neighborhood. He confirmed that we \"don't know the denominator.\" In other words, women who seek fertility treatments are by definition having trouble getting pregnant. There wasn't a lot of data looking at the population of women over 35, trying to get pregnant and succeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's changing, as Twenge reports. While 21st century data on modern women who want to get pregnant are still \"sparse,\" she cited these:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2004/01000/Increased_Infertility_With_Age_in_Men_and_Women.10.aspxYoublacklove\" target=\"_blank\">Obstetrics & Gynecology\u003c/a>: of couples having sex twice a week, 82 percent of 35-to-39 year old women conceive within a year vs. 86 percent of 27-to-34 year olds\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028213003397\" target=\"_blank\">Fertility and Sterility\u003c/a>: of couples having sex during their fertile times, 78 percent of 35-to-40 year olds got pregnant within a year vs. 84 percent of 20-to-34 year olds\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Again, these studies are limited, but they are starting to get at a better \"denominator\" that Dr. Paulsen and I discussed several years ago. There is a decline, but in this limited data set if appears to be much more gradual than has been widely reported. In addition, that decline \"is still of relatively limited use to individuals, given the large range of fertility found in healthy women,\" Allen Wilcox of the NIH tells Twenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In closing her piece, Twenge says the data, though imperfect, lead her to two conclusions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>No. 1: fertility declines with age. No. 2, and much more relevant: the vast majority of women in their late 30s will be able to get pregnant on their own.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn more:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/07/how-long-can-you-wait-to-have-a-baby/309374/?single_page=true\" target=\"_blank\">How Long Can You Wait to Have a Baby? \u003c/a>(The Atlantic)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
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