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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has a goal that's even more ambitious than connecting the entire world to the internet: He and his wife, Priscilla Chan, a pediatrician, want to help eradicate all disease by the end of this century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg and Chan are committing $3 billion over the next 10 years to accelerate basic scientific research, including the creation of research tools — from software to hardware to yet-undiscovered techniques — they hope will ultimately lead to scientific breakthroughs, the way the microscope and DNA sequencing have in generations past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, which they are unlikely to live to see accomplished, is to \"cure, prevent or manage all disease\" in the next 80 or so years. They acknowledge that this might sound a crazy, but point to how far medicine and science have come in the last century — with vaccines, statins for heart disease, chemotherapy, and so on — following millennia with little progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So if you even just assume that we'll be able to continue to make progress on that same trajectory, then that implies that by the end of this century we will have been able to solve most of these types of things,\" Zuckerberg said in an interview. He and Chan have spent the past two years speaking to scientists and other experts to plan the endeavor. He emphasized \"that this isn't something where we just read a book and decided we're going to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through their philanthropic organization, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, the commitment includes $600 million to fund a new research center in San Francisco where scientific and medical researchers will work alongside engineers on long-term projects spanning years or even decades. The goal is not to focus narrowly on specific ailments, such as bone cancer or Parkinson's disease, but rather to do basic research. One example: a cell atlas that maps out all the different types of cells in the body, which could help researchers create various types of drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan's work as a pediatrician seems to be a big driver in their couple's decision to take up this latest cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been with families where we've hit the limit of what's possible through medicine and science,\" Chan said. \"I've had to tell families devastating diagnoses of leukemia, or that we just weren't able to resuscitate their child.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple spoke with The Associated Press in their home in Palo Alto, California, where their infant daughter, Max, had just woken from a nap. Their dog, Beast, came by to sit briefly during the 25-minute interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg and Chan hope that their effort will inspire other far-reaching efforts and collaboration in science, medicine and engineering, so that basic research is no longer relegated to the margins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We spend 50 times more on health care treating people who are sick than we spend on science research (to cure) diseases so that people don't get sick in the first place,\" Zuckerberg said. He added that the approach reflects a belief that \"people are always going to suffer from disease so therefore we should focus on treating people who are sick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Lander, a professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and director of the Broad Institute at MIT and Harvard, said he's had some 20 conversations with Zuckerberg and Chan over the past year about the initiative and called their goal \"the right kind of goal for thinking about that kind of timeframe.\" He is not involved with the project itself, but expressed confidence in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mark has brought new models to industry with Facebook,\" he said, adding that while organizations like the National Institutes of Health are \"fantastic,\" there is \"no point in replicating what existing models do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very hard with today's science funding to build a team to work on scientific problems that are like what you would find at a world-class technology company, that are that scale,\" Zuckerberg said. \"So that's something I think we can concretely help out with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their new center, called Biohub, will run as an independent research center at the University of California, San Francisco in collaboration with UC Berkeley and Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chan Zuckerberg science initiative will be headed by Cori Bargmann, a neuroscientist who is best known in scientific circles for her research on the behavior of a tiny worm called C. elegans. Bargmann said the idea of bringing engineers and scientists together presents a \"unique opportunity to take science in a new direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg said the couple decided to focus on creating better tools because this is where they see need, based on their conversations with scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not that no one is doing this today, but out of all the money that our society spends on science funding, probably not enough is going toward tool development,\" Zuckerberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tools, he added, are long-term investments. It will likely take years for the first tools to be developed through this initiative, and even longer before they are used to cure diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg and Chan, who have committed to donating 99 percent of their wealth, have spent the past two years meeting with scientists and other experts to come up with the endeavor. The two stressed that they believe that their goal can be accomplished, if not in their lifetime, then in their child's lifetime. It was Max's birth last November that inspired the billionaire couple to give away nearly all their money to help solve the world's problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, this was valued at more than $45 billion worth of Facebook stock, which the couple transferred to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. The couple's philanthropy plan won't affect Zuckerberg's status as controlling shareholder of Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg and Chan often draw comparisons to Bill and Melinda Gates, whose philanthropic work also focuses on health and education. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has a goal that's even more ambitious than connecting the entire world to the internet: He and his wife, Priscilla Chan, a pediatrician, want to help eradicate all disease by the end of this century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg and Chan are committing $3 billion over the next 10 years to accelerate basic scientific research, including the creation of research tools — from software to hardware to yet-undiscovered techniques — they hope will ultimately lead to scientific breakthroughs, the way the microscope and DNA sequencing have in generations past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, which they are unlikely to live to see accomplished, is to \"cure, prevent or manage all disease\" in the next 80 or so years. They acknowledge that this might sound a crazy, but point to how far medicine and science have come in the last century — with vaccines, statins for heart disease, chemotherapy, and so on — following millennia with little progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So if you even just assume that we'll be able to continue to make progress on that same trajectory, then that implies that by the end of this century we will have been able to solve most of these types of things,\" Zuckerberg said in an interview. He and Chan have spent the past two years speaking to scientists and other experts to plan the endeavor. He emphasized \"that this isn't something where we just read a book and decided we're going to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through their philanthropic organization, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, the commitment includes $600 million to fund a new research center in San Francisco where scientific and medical researchers will work alongside engineers on long-term projects spanning years or even decades. The goal is not to focus narrowly on specific ailments, such as bone cancer or Parkinson's disease, but rather to do basic research. One example: a cell atlas that maps out all the different types of cells in the body, which could help researchers create various types of drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan's work as a pediatrician seems to be a big driver in their couple's decision to take up this latest cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been with families where we've hit the limit of what's possible through medicine and science,\" Chan said. \"I've had to tell families devastating diagnoses of leukemia, or that we just weren't able to resuscitate their child.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple spoke with The Associated Press in their home in Palo Alto, California, where their infant daughter, Max, had just woken from a nap. Their dog, Beast, came by to sit briefly during the 25-minute interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg and Chan hope that their effort will inspire other far-reaching efforts and collaboration in science, medicine and engineering, so that basic research is no longer relegated to the margins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We spend 50 times more on health care treating people who are sick than we spend on science research (to cure) diseases so that people don't get sick in the first place,\" Zuckerberg said. He added that the approach reflects a belief that \"people are always going to suffer from disease so therefore we should focus on treating people who are sick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Lander, a professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and director of the Broad Institute at MIT and Harvard, said he's had some 20 conversations with Zuckerberg and Chan over the past year about the initiative and called their goal \"the right kind of goal for thinking about that kind of timeframe.\" He is not involved with the project itself, but expressed confidence in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mark has brought new models to industry with Facebook,\" he said, adding that while organizations like the National Institutes of Health are \"fantastic,\" there is \"no point in replicating what existing models do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very hard with today's science funding to build a team to work on scientific problems that are like what you would find at a world-class technology company, that are that scale,\" Zuckerberg said. \"So that's something I think we can concretely help out with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their new center, called Biohub, will run as an independent research center at the University of California, San Francisco in collaboration with UC Berkeley and Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chan Zuckerberg science initiative will be headed by Cori Bargmann, a neuroscientist who is best known in scientific circles for her research on the behavior of a tiny worm called C. elegans. Bargmann said the idea of bringing engineers and scientists together presents a \"unique opportunity to take science in a new direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg said the couple decided to focus on creating better tools because this is where they see need, based on their conversations with scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not that no one is doing this today, but out of all the money that our society spends on science funding, probably not enough is going toward tool development,\" Zuckerberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tools, he added, are long-term investments. It will likely take years for the first tools to be developed through this initiative, and even longer before they are used to cure diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg and Chan, who have committed to donating 99 percent of their wealth, have spent the past two years meeting with scientists and other experts to come up with the endeavor. The two stressed that they believe that their goal can be accomplished, if not in their lifetime, then in their child's lifetime. It was Max's birth last November that inspired the billionaire couple to give away nearly all their money to help solve the world's problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, this was valued at more than $45 billion worth of Facebook stock, which the couple transferred to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. The couple's philanthropy plan won't affect Zuckerberg's status as controlling shareholder of Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg and Chan often draw comparisons to Bill and Melinda Gates, whose philanthropic work also focuses on health and education. In an emailed statement, the Gates said investing \"in basic science research is at the root of the world's most important innovations and achievements.\" Zuckerberg and Chan, they added \"are making an incredible commitment to research and development that will lead to the breakthroughs to cure disease and lift millions out of poverty.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When a Lack of Senior Housing Means Living Out of Your Car",
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"content": "\u003cp>Marge Giaimo makes her way to a picnic table under the shadow of an oak tree. Santa Barbara's trees, like its oceans and mountains, are one thing she says she never tires of here. After losing her senior housing three years ago, this table is where she does her painting these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel very fortunate to have my car,\" Giaimo says. \"It's a little cramped, but it's softer than cement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all her once-valued possessions, today her 20-year-old, gold Oldsmobile is her most important one. It is her home, and she keeps it as neat as a pin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then this is where I sleep,\" she says. \"I have the three pillows and I have sponges under there or foam to sleep on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wealthy coastal city of Santa Barbara, north of Los Angeles, the demand for senior housing is so great the wait list is now closed. After all, California's senior population is expected to grow by 50 percent in the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the seniors left out in the cold, their only option is living in their cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's Hard To Walk Away'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a hidden population and a growing population,\" says Cassie Roach, who oversees Safe Parking, a city-funded program at the New Beginnings Counseling Center. \"And it is quite different from the street homeless.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safe Parking has designated 115 parking spaces in church, county and city lots where people living in their cars — such as Giaimo — can park safely overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roach says many of those living in their cars have fallen upon hard times for the first time in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them is 61-year-old Lise MacFarlane. She is grateful for one of those Safe Parking spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm more comfortable sleeping now,\" MacFarlane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacFarlane says she lost the home she grew up in last December after being evicted by the new owner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was sleeping in front of my house and the park,\" MacFarlane says. \"It's hard to walk away. That's it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She shares her Toyota Highlander with her two dogs and a very large white cat named Willie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They don't like being in the car all the time,\" MacFarlane says. \"They want to be in a home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most people are having dinner, MacFarlane rolls into her assigned church parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard sitting in the car watching people, watching people I know go by,\" she says, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Safety And Support\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun has gone down, but Giaimo's gold Oldsmobile is hard to miss. It's parked a few spaces away from a Honda CRV owned by 74-year-old Barbara Harvey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We support one another very much,\" Harvey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She puts up with me,\" Giaimo responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no putting up with Marge, OK,\" Harvey says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this women-only lot, friendships are forged. There are seven designated spaces, and later in the evening a lot monitor stops by to check in on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 7 a.m. they will need to be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound of a trash truck heralds the morning in this parking lot. Giaimo and MacFarlane are getting ready to leave for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's dog walking time,\" Giaimo says. \"Did I drop something out my trunk?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think you did,\" MacFarlane responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't find my brush. See, this is what we go through,\" Giaimo says, laughing. \"Where did I put my brush?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacFarlane loads up her dogs as Willie the cat reluctantly makes room for them on the stacked blankets. Giaimo smiles and waves goodbye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giaimo's day continues with a shower at the Y. Then, she'll return to her picnic table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 75-year-old painter is on a wait list for senior housing in Santa Barbara. She's been told it could take another seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Marge Giaimo makes her way to a picnic table under the shadow of an oak tree. Santa Barbara's trees, like its oceans and mountains, are one thing she says she never tires of here. After losing her senior housing three years ago, this table is where she does her painting these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel very fortunate to have my car,\" Giaimo says. \"It's a little cramped, but it's softer than cement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all her once-valued possessions, today her 20-year-old, gold Oldsmobile is her most important one. It is her home, and she keeps it as neat as a pin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then this is where I sleep,\" she says. \"I have the three pillows and I have sponges under there or foam to sleep on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wealthy coastal city of Santa Barbara, north of Los Angeles, the demand for senior housing is so great the wait list is now closed. After all, California's senior population is expected to grow by 50 percent in the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the seniors left out in the cold, their only option is living in their cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's Hard To Walk Away'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a hidden population and a growing population,\" says Cassie Roach, who oversees Safe Parking, a city-funded program at the New Beginnings Counseling Center. \"And it is quite different from the street homeless.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safe Parking has designated 115 parking spaces in church, county and city lots where people living in their cars — such as Giaimo — can park safely overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roach says many of those living in their cars have fallen upon hard times for the first time in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them is 61-year-old Lise MacFarlane. She is grateful for one of those Safe Parking spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm more comfortable sleeping now,\" MacFarlane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacFarlane says she lost the home she grew up in last December after being evicted by the new owner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was sleeping in front of my house and the park,\" MacFarlane says. \"It's hard to walk away. That's it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She shares her Toyota Highlander with her two dogs and a very large white cat named Willie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They don't like being in the car all the time,\" MacFarlane says. \"They want to be in a home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most people are having dinner, MacFarlane rolls into her assigned church parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard sitting in the car watching people, watching people I know go by,\" she says, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Safety And Support\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun has gone down, but Giaimo's gold Oldsmobile is hard to miss. It's parked a few spaces away from a Honda CRV owned by 74-year-old Barbara Harvey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We support one another very much,\" Harvey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She puts up with me,\" Giaimo responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no putting up with Marge, OK,\" Harvey says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this women-only lot, friendships are forged. There are seven designated spaces, and later in the evening a lot monitor stops by to check in on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 7 a.m. they will need to be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound of a trash truck heralds the morning in this parking lot. Giaimo and MacFarlane are getting ready to leave for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's dog walking time,\" Giaimo says. \"Did I drop something out my trunk?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think you did,\" MacFarlane responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't find my brush. See, this is what we go through,\" Giaimo says, laughing. \"Where did I put my brush?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacFarlane loads up her dogs as Willie the cat reluctantly makes room for them on the stacked blankets. Giaimo smiles and waves goodbye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giaimo's day continues with a shower at the Y. Then, she'll return to her picnic table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 75-year-old painter is on a wait list for senior housing in Santa Barbara. She's been told it could take another seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sugar has become the nutritional villain du jour, but just how bad is our addiction? The answer is tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia recently passed a tax on sugary drinks, several other places have proposed them, and the government this year recommended we limit our intake of added sugars to 10 percent of daily calories, underscoring how significant elected officials believe the problem is. But while determining exactly how much sugar we're consuming is a complicated business — government figures are estimates— the data and industry trends indicate we've actually made progress in cutting back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, Americans' total consumption of caloric sweeteners like refined cane sugar and high-fructose corn syrup is down 15 percent from its peak in 1999, according to government data. That's when we consumed an average of 111 grams of sugar a day (423 calories).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After plateauing in recent years, consumption was down to 94 grams a day (358 calories) last year, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which calculates the figures by estimating how much of the caloric sweeteners produced are never eaten. But that level is still higher than the 87 grams Americans consumed on average in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major factor for the drop appears to be the decline in soda consumption, as the high-fructose corn syrup used to sweeten drinks like Sprite and Mountain Dew has been on the decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Farley, the health commissioner in Philadelphia, said it could take many years before the positive effects from the reductions in soda consumption to turn up in health data. But he also noted that factors like the growth in snacking, the availability of food in more places, and oversized restaurant dishes can fuel obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sugar is a problem, but sugar is not the only problem,\" Farley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And though it's lower, sweetener consumption of 94 grams a day is still the equivalent of roughly two and half cans of Coke. That far exceeds the government's recommendation to limit added sugar to around 50 grams a day (200 calories) for someone on a 2,000-calorie diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, a per capita consumption figure doesn't account for the wide disparities in intake among individuals. The way the USDA estimates sweetener consumption also means the specific figure could be higher or lower. The agency changed its methodology in 2012, which meant a sharp reduction in how much sugar it said we consume. Emails obtained by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, which supports soda taxes, show that a sugar industry group wanted the change and hoped for \"as low a per capita sweetener consumption estimate as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's always room for \"improvement and refinement\" in making food consumption estimates, said Michael McConnell, an agriculture economist who specializes in sweeteners at the USDA. But he said the change in methodology was applied retroactively, so any trend the numbers show would still be consistent. Even if the numbers are inexact, others agree the downward trajectory in sweeteners makes sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because soda consumption started falling around the same time, and is down 24 percent since 1998, according to industry tracker Beverage Digest. Michael Jacobson, executive director of the CSPI, thinks it's a major factor — and perhaps the entire reason — for the drop in sweetener consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Beverage Association, the trade group for Coke and Pepsi, says soda isn't the driver of obesity rates, since those levels have climbed as soda drinking has declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Taubes, a science author, believes the influx of sweeteners and refined carbohydrates in diets has likely fueled obesity, but notes there's ambiguity in the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Cristin Kearns, a former dentist who has been uncovering documents showing the sugar industry's influence on nutrition science, noted that \"manufacturers are getting crafty\" about the types of sweeteners they use, such as juice concentrate, meaning they might not show up in consumption figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sugar comes under fire, food companies are using sophisticated new methods to reduce sweeteners without sacrificing sweetness. Consider the use of \"sweet taste boosters\" that amplify smaller amounts of sweeteners. The ingredients are listed as \"artificial flavors\" on packages, according to Senomyx, a California company that makes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, MycoTechnology began making a \"bitter blocker\" that reduces the need for sweeteners that mask bitterness. The Colorado company says it is made from a mushroom extract and can be listed as a \"natural flavor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have also switched back to \"real sugar\" to give their products a more wholesome image, even though there may be no difference in calories. While the overall decline in sweeteners reflects the drop in high-fructose corn syrup, the consumption of refined sugar has actually edged up in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that small regard, sugar is enjoying a revival.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sugar has become the nutritional villain du jour, but just how bad is our addiction? The answer is tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia recently passed a tax on sugary drinks, several other places have proposed them, and the government this year recommended we limit our intake of added sugars to 10 percent of daily calories, underscoring how significant elected officials believe the problem is. But while determining exactly how much sugar we're consuming is a complicated business — government figures are estimates— the data and industry trends indicate we've actually made progress in cutting back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, Americans' total consumption of caloric sweeteners like refined cane sugar and high-fructose corn syrup is down 15 percent from its peak in 1999, according to government data. That's when we consumed an average of 111 grams of sugar a day (423 calories).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After plateauing in recent years, consumption was down to 94 grams a day (358 calories) last year, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which calculates the figures by estimating how much of the caloric sweeteners produced are never eaten. But that level is still higher than the 87 grams Americans consumed on average in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major factor for the drop appears to be the decline in soda consumption, as the high-fructose corn syrup used to sweeten drinks like Sprite and Mountain Dew has been on the decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Farley, the health commissioner in Philadelphia, said it could take many years before the positive effects from the reductions in soda consumption to turn up in health data. But he also noted that factors like the growth in snacking, the availability of food in more places, and oversized restaurant dishes can fuel obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sugar is a problem, but sugar is not the only problem,\" Farley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And though it's lower, sweetener consumption of 94 grams a day is still the equivalent of roughly two and half cans of Coke. That far exceeds the government's recommendation to limit added sugar to around 50 grams a day (200 calories) for someone on a 2,000-calorie diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, a per capita consumption figure doesn't account for the wide disparities in intake among individuals. The way the USDA estimates sweetener consumption also means the specific figure could be higher or lower. The agency changed its methodology in 2012, which meant a sharp reduction in how much sugar it said we consume. Emails obtained by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, which supports soda taxes, show that a sugar industry group wanted the change and hoped for \"as low a per capita sweetener consumption estimate as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's always room for \"improvement and refinement\" in making food consumption estimates, said Michael McConnell, an agriculture economist who specializes in sweeteners at the USDA. But he said the change in methodology was applied retroactively, so any trend the numbers show would still be consistent. Even if the numbers are inexact, others agree the downward trajectory in sweeteners makes sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because soda consumption started falling around the same time, and is down 24 percent since 1998, according to industry tracker Beverage Digest. Michael Jacobson, executive director of the CSPI, thinks it's a major factor — and perhaps the entire reason — for the drop in sweetener consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Beverage Association, the trade group for Coke and Pepsi, says soda isn't the driver of obesity rates, since those levels have climbed as soda drinking has declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Taubes, a science author, believes the influx of sweeteners and refined carbohydrates in diets has likely fueled obesity, but notes there's ambiguity in the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Cristin Kearns, a former dentist who has been uncovering documents showing the sugar industry's influence on nutrition science, noted that \"manufacturers are getting crafty\" about the types of sweeteners they use, such as juice concentrate, meaning they might not show up in consumption figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sugar comes under fire, food companies are using sophisticated new methods to reduce sweeteners without sacrificing sweetness. Consider the use of \"sweet taste boosters\" that amplify smaller amounts of sweeteners. The ingredients are listed as \"artificial flavors\" on packages, according to Senomyx, a California company that makes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, MycoTechnology began making a \"bitter blocker\" that reduces the need for sweeteners that mask bitterness. The Colorado company says it is made from a mushroom extract and can be listed as a \"natural flavor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have also switched back to \"real sugar\" to give their products a more wholesome image, even though there may be no difference in calories. While the overall decline in sweeteners reflects the drop in high-fructose corn syrup, the consumption of refined sugar has actually edged up in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that small regard, sugar is enjoying a revival.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For more than a decade, members of a little-known group called the Pain Care Forum have blanketed Washington with messages about prescription painkillers' vital role in the lives of millions of Americans, creating an echo chamber that has quietly derailed efforts to curb U.S. consumption of drugs like OxyContin, Vicodin and Percocet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, drugmakers and their affiliates in the forum sent a letter to U.S. senators promoting a recent report on a \"crisis of epidemic proportions\": pain in America. Few knew the report stemmed from legislation drafted and pushed by forum members and that their experts had helped author it. The report estimated more than 100 million Americans — roughly 40 percent of adults — suffered from chronic pain, an eye-popping statistic that some researchers call deeply problematic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter made no reference, however, to another health issue that had been declared an epidemic by federal authorities: drug overdoses tied to prescription painkillers. Deaths linked to addictive opioid drugs had increased more than fourfold since 1999, accounting for more deaths in 2012 than heroin and cocaine combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the \u003cem>Associated Press\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>Center for Public Integrity\u003c/em> reveals that similar feedback loops of information and influence play out regularly in the nation's capital, fueled by money and talking points from the Pain Care Forum, a loose coalition of drugmakers, trade groups and dozens of nonprofits supported by industry funding that has flown under the radar until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of internal documents shed new light on how drugmakers and their allies shaped the national response to the ongoing wave of prescription opioid abuse, which has claimed the lives of 165,000 Americans since 2000, according to federal figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painkillers are among the most widely prescribed medications in the U.S., but pharmaceutical companies and allied groups have a multitude of legislative interests beyond those drugs. From 2006 through 2015, participants in the Pain Care Forum spent over $740 million lobbying in the nation's capital and in all 50 statehouses on an array of issues, including keeping opioids accessible, according to an analysis of lobbying filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same organizations reinforced their influence with more than $140 million doled out to political campaigns, including more than $75 million alone to federal candidates, political action committees and parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can go a long, long way in getting what you want when you have a lot of money,\" said Professor Keith Humphreys of Stanford University, a former adviser on drug policy under President Barack Obama. \"And it's only when things get so disastrous that finally there's enough popular will aroused to push back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opioids were long reserved for severe pain due to surgery, injury or terminal diseases like cancer. That changed in the 1990s, with a surge in prescribing for more common ailments like back pain and arthritis. Marketing for new long-acting painkillers like OxyContin helped fuel the trend, along with other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OxyContin-maker Purdue Pharma pleaded guilty and agreed to pay more than $600 million in fines in 2007 for misleading the public about the risks of its drug. But the painkiller continued to rack up blockbuster sales, generating more than $22 billion over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purdue's Washington lobbyist, Burt Rosen, co-founded the Pain Care Forum more than a decade ago and coordinates the group's monthly meetings in Washington. Purdue declined to make Rosen available for interviews and did not answer questions about its specific lobbying activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it supports a range of advocacy groups, including some with differing views on opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In practice and governance, the Pain Care Forum is like any of the hundreds of policy coalitions in Washington and throughout the nation,\" the company said in a statement, adding: \"Purdue complies with all applicable lobbying disclosure laws and requirements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By spring 2014, even the head of the Food and Drug Administration was citing the statistic that 100 million Americans suffered from chronic pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-commissioner Margaret Hamburg used the figure to illustrate the importance of keeping painkillers accessible — despite the escalating toll of opioid addiction and abuse. Yet a researcher whose work contributed to the number said it was being misquoted, since most people included in the figure had common pain ailments and managed them without opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamburg said in an emailed response that the report was \"another piece of scientific literature that helped inform the broader field,\" and that her agency had no role in writing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the FDA began developing plans to reduce misuse of long-acting, the Pain Care Forum intervened with a \"strategy to inform the process,\" according to an internal memo from the American Pain Foundation, a now-defunct forum member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA's initial proposals included requiring doctors to undergo certification training to prescribe opioids and tracking opioid prescriptions via databases. But when the FDA sought public comment on how to proceed, the forum helped generate more than 2,000 comments against new barriers to opioids and a 4,000-signature petition opposing electronic registries, according to another pain foundation memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the agency announced far milder steps than its initial ideas: Drugmakers would fund optional classes for doctors and supply brochures to patients about opioid risks. FDA leaders said they decided requiring certification for prescribers would have been overly burdensome, disrupting care for patients and doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts said regulators had missed a pivotal chance to curb deadly misuse and abuse with the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The FDA failed to make a decision that could have averted many of the thousands of deaths we're seeing per year,\" said Dr. Nathaniel Katz, a former FDA adviser who urged the agency to make training mandatory for prescribers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the FDA is taking another look at requiring training for opioid prescribers, following a recommendation by a panel of expert advisers in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a federal agency hundreds of miles from Washington that finally sidestepped the influence of the Pain Care Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, located in Atlanta, overcame threats of congressional investigation and legal action to publish the first federal guidelines intended to reduce opioid prescribing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, the agency said the risks of painkillers outweigh the benefits for the vast majority of patients with routine chronic pain and that doctors instead should consider alternatives like physical therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When draft guidelines emerged in September, forum members said they were not based on solid evidence, and criticized the CDC for not disclosing outside experts who had advised its effort. One pharma-aligned group, the Washington Legal Foundation, said the lack of disclosure constituted a \"clear violation\" of federal law. A longtime Pain Care Forum participant — now known as the Academy of Integrative Pain Management — asked Congress to investigate how the CDC developed the guidelines, though investigators found no violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of scrutiny, the CDC in December released a list of its advisers. One of 17 \"core experts\" had served as a paid consultant to a law firm suing opioid drugmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final guidelines appeared in March. The first recommendation for U.S. doctors was unequivocal: \"Opioids are not first-line therapy\" for routine chronic pain. It was a statement considered common practice by many doctors as recently as the early 1990s, a decade before the Pain Care Forum formed in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painkillers are among the most widely prescribed medications in the U.S., but pharmaceutical companies and allied groups have a multitude of legislative interests beyond those drugs. From 2006 through 2015, participants in the Pain Care Forum spent over $740 million lobbying in the nation's capital and in all 50 statehouses on an array of issues, including keeping opioids accessible, according to an analysis of lobbying filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same organizations reinforced their influence with more than $140 million doled out to political campaigns, including more than $75 million alone to federal candidates, political action committees and parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can go a long, long way in getting what you want when you have a lot of money,\" said Professor Keith Humphreys of Stanford University, a former adviser on drug policy under President Barack Obama. \"And it's only when things get so disastrous that finally there's enough popular will aroused to push back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opioids were long reserved for severe pain due to surgery, injury or terminal diseases like cancer. That changed in the 1990s, with a surge in prescribing for more common ailments like back pain and arthritis. Marketing for new long-acting painkillers like OxyContin helped fuel the trend, along with other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OxyContin-maker Purdue Pharma pleaded guilty and agreed to pay more than $600 million in fines in 2007 for misleading the public about the risks of its drug. But the painkiller continued to rack up blockbuster sales, generating more than $22 billion over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purdue's Washington lobbyist, Burt Rosen, co-founded the Pain Care Forum more than a decade ago and coordinates the group's monthly meetings in Washington. Purdue declined to make Rosen available for interviews and did not answer questions about its specific lobbying activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it supports a range of advocacy groups, including some with differing views on opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In practice and governance, the Pain Care Forum is like any of the hundreds of policy coalitions in Washington and throughout the nation,\" the company said in a statement, adding: \"Purdue complies with all applicable lobbying disclosure laws and requirements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By spring 2014, even the head of the Food and Drug Administration was citing the statistic that 100 million Americans suffered from chronic pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-commissioner Margaret Hamburg used the figure to illustrate the importance of keeping painkillers accessible — despite the escalating toll of opioid addiction and abuse. Yet a researcher whose work contributed to the number said it was being misquoted, since most people included in the figure had common pain ailments and managed them without opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamburg said in an emailed response that the report was \"another piece of scientific literature that helped inform the broader field,\" and that her agency had no role in writing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the FDA began developing plans to reduce misuse of long-acting, the Pain Care Forum intervened with a \"strategy to inform the process,\" according to an internal memo from the American Pain Foundation, a now-defunct forum member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA's initial proposals included requiring doctors to undergo certification training to prescribe opioids and tracking opioid prescriptions via databases. But when the FDA sought public comment on how to proceed, the forum helped generate more than 2,000 comments against new barriers to opioids and a 4,000-signature petition opposing electronic registries, according to another pain foundation memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the agency announced far milder steps than its initial ideas: Drugmakers would fund optional classes for doctors and supply brochures to patients about opioid risks. FDA leaders said they decided requiring certification for prescribers would have been overly burdensome, disrupting care for patients and doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts said regulators had missed a pivotal chance to curb deadly misuse and abuse with the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The FDA failed to make a decision that could have averted many of the thousands of deaths we're seeing per year,\" said Dr. Nathaniel Katz, a former FDA adviser who urged the agency to make training mandatory for prescribers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the FDA is taking another look at requiring training for opioid prescribers, following a recommendation by a panel of expert advisers in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a federal agency hundreds of miles from Washington that finally sidestepped the influence of the Pain Care Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, located in Atlanta, overcame threats of congressional investigation and legal action to publish the first federal guidelines intended to reduce opioid prescribing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, the agency said the risks of painkillers outweigh the benefits for the vast majority of patients with routine chronic pain and that doctors instead should consider alternatives like physical therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When draft guidelines emerged in September, forum members said they were not based on solid evidence, and criticized the CDC for not disclosing outside experts who had advised its effort. One pharma-aligned group, the Washington Legal Foundation, said the lack of disclosure constituted a \"clear violation\" of federal law. A longtime Pain Care Forum participant — now known as the Academy of Integrative Pain Management — asked Congress to investigate how the CDC developed the guidelines, though investigators found no violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of scrutiny, the CDC in December released a list of its advisers. One of 17 \"core experts\" had served as a paid consultant to a law firm suing opioid drugmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final guidelines appeared in March. The first recommendation for U.S. doctors was unequivocal: \"Opioids are not first-line therapy\" for routine chronic pain. It was a statement considered common practice by many doctors as recently as the early 1990s, a decade before the Pain Care Forum formed in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown berated the manufacturer of a life-saving emergency allergy treatment on Friday for price gouging, even as he signed legislation to make it easier for afterschool programs, daycare centers, colleges and businesses to obtain the treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pharmaceutical company Mylan raised the price of a two-pack of EpiPen epinephrine auto-injectors from $100 in 2008 to more than $600 today, Brown wrote in his signing message. EpiPens, which reportedly face little competition in the market, deliver a dose of epinephrine to counteract anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that includes difficulty breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State government cannot stop unconscionable price increases but it can shed light on such rapacious corporate behavior,” Brown’s message said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is difficult to imagine how they can justify the 500 percent increase in the price of EpiPens,” wrote Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Declaring his “strong objection” to the price increases, Brown noted that they occurred as Mylan was expanding sales by promoting the stockpiling of EpiPens as a matter of public health in schools, scout troops, colleges and businesses in California and across the country. Mylan is listed as the sponsor of the new law, Assembly Bill 1386, by Assemblyman Evan Low, D-San Jose, and as a supporter of Senate Bill 1266, by Sen. Bob Huff, R-San Dimas, which passed in 2014 and requires schools to stock epinephrine auto-injectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he was at it, Brown sent a letter Friday to Congressional leaders Mitch McConnell, Paul Ryan, Harry Reid and Nancy Pelosi in support of a bipartisan oversight hearing set for next week concerning Mylan’s pricing of EpiPens. “It is difficult to imagine how they can justify the 500 percent increase in the price of EpiPens, the 600 percent increase in executive pay and the tax move of their corporate offices to the Netherlands, as recently reported in numerous publications,” Brown wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new California law will make it easier for summer camps, restaurants and sports leagues to obtain prescriptions for pre-loaded epinephrine auto-injectors by allowing doctors to write prescriptions in the name of an organization, rather than an individual. Someone in the organization must be trained to use the disposable device; a provision to limit the liability for prescription-writing physicians is part of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EpiPens often are carried in lunchboxes, backpacks or briefcases by children and adults who know they have serious allergies to a food, drug, bee sting or other matter. Through its “EpiPen4Schools” program started in 2012, Mylan provides eligible public and private schools two free twin-packs of Epi-Pens a year. Last year, a program manager said it appeared that 766 public and private schools in California had placed orders for the free devices from January through mid-May 2015. The EpiPen4Schools program allegedly required schools to agree they would not buy or obtain another brand of injector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who fear that their child will be caught without an injector or suffer a severe first-time allergic reaction have called for epinephrine auto-injectors to be widely available as a first-aid provision. During legislative debate, Low noted that “schools are not the only place where children can come into contact with allergens capable of causing anaphylaxis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Low applauded the signing of the bill into law but called Mylan’s increases in EpiPen prices and executive salaries “simply unconscionable.” While Mylan sponsored Assembly Bill 1386, Low’s office said Mylan has not made a contribution to the assemblyman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the outcry in recent weeks over the rising cost of EpiPens, Mylan announced it will create a generic EpiPen to be sold in a pack of two for $300. The company also is asking that the federal government add the EpiPen to its list of preventive medications that are made available to patients with no insurance co-pay. The cost would be born by insurance companies, the government or employers.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown berated the manufacturer of a life-saving emergency allergy treatment on Friday for price gouging, even as he signed legislation to make it easier for afterschool programs, daycare centers, colleges and businesses to obtain the treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pharmaceutical company Mylan raised the price of a two-pack of EpiPen epinephrine auto-injectors from $100 in 2008 to more than $600 today, Brown wrote in his signing message. EpiPens, which reportedly face little competition in the market, deliver a dose of epinephrine to counteract anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that includes difficulty breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State government cannot stop unconscionable price increases but it can shed light on such rapacious corporate behavior,” Brown’s message said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is difficult to imagine how they can justify the 500 percent increase in the price of EpiPens,” wrote Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Declaring his “strong objection” to the price increases, Brown noted that they occurred as Mylan was expanding sales by promoting the stockpiling of EpiPens as a matter of public health in schools, scout troops, colleges and businesses in California and across the country. Mylan is listed as the sponsor of the new law, Assembly Bill 1386, by Assemblyman Evan Low, D-San Jose, and as a supporter of Senate Bill 1266, by Sen. Bob Huff, R-San Dimas, which passed in 2014 and requires schools to stock epinephrine auto-injectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he was at it, Brown sent a letter Friday to Congressional leaders Mitch McConnell, Paul Ryan, Harry Reid and Nancy Pelosi in support of a bipartisan oversight hearing set for next week concerning Mylan’s pricing of EpiPens. “It is difficult to imagine how they can justify the 500 percent increase in the price of EpiPens, the 600 percent increase in executive pay and the tax move of their corporate offices to the Netherlands, as recently reported in numerous publications,” Brown wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new California law will make it easier for summer camps, restaurants and sports leagues to obtain prescriptions for pre-loaded epinephrine auto-injectors by allowing doctors to write prescriptions in the name of an organization, rather than an individual. Someone in the organization must be trained to use the disposable device; a provision to limit the liability for prescription-writing physicians is part of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EpiPens often are carried in lunchboxes, backpacks or briefcases by children and adults who know they have serious allergies to a food, drug, bee sting or other matter. Through its “EpiPen4Schools” program started in 2012, Mylan provides eligible public and private schools two free twin-packs of Epi-Pens a year. Last year, a program manager said it appeared that 766 public and private schools in California had placed orders for the free devices from January through mid-May 2015. The EpiPen4Schools program allegedly required schools to agree they would not buy or obtain another brand of injector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who fear that their child will be caught without an injector or suffer a severe first-time allergic reaction have called for epinephrine auto-injectors to be widely available as a first-aid provision. During legislative debate, Low noted that “schools are not the only place where children can come into contact with allergens capable of causing anaphylaxis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Low applauded the signing of the bill into law but called Mylan’s increases in EpiPen prices and executive salaries “simply unconscionable.” While Mylan sponsored Assembly Bill 1386, Low’s office said Mylan has not made a contribution to the assemblyman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the outcry in recent weeks over the rising cost of EpiPens, Mylan announced it will create a generic EpiPen to be sold in a pack of two for $300. The company also is asking that the federal government add the EpiPen to its list of preventive medications that are made available to patients with no insurance co-pay. The cost would be born by insurance companies, the government or employers.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Covered California will raise premiums an average 5.9 percent in its 2017 small business health insurance market — a “moderate” rise compared to previous years, exchange officials said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This rate hike is down from 7.2 percent in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In both individual and small group, we’re building competitive markets where consumers are the winners,” Peter V. Lee, Covered California’s executive director, said Thursday. The rates for next year “demonstrate that markets are working to keep premiums under control and give consumers more choices than they’ve ever had.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approximately 28,000 people have insurance through Covered California’s small business marketplace. That makes it one of the largest small business health coverage programs in the country, according to officials. But it’s still dwarfed by the 1.4 million people covered in the exchange’s individual market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relatively modest hike in small business premiums contrasts sharply with rate increases in Covered California’s individual market for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/topics/covered-california\">Covered California\u003c/a> announced that premiums in its individual market \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/covered-california-health-plan-rates-to-jump-13-2-percent-in-2017/\" target=\"_blank\">would jump 13.2 percent\u003c/a> on average next year — a big leap up from the 4 percent average increases Californians had seen in the exchange’s first two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising medical costs and the expiration of two federal programs that helped insurance companies offset expensive claims helped drive the dramatic increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California’s small group market is available to businesses with up to 100 full-time employees. Lee said that while this market has had a slow start, without the same level of attention given to the individual market, interest is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials have seen a near doubling in the number of agents writing policies for small groups since 2014, Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for some small-business owners, Covered California’s small group market holds very little appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Hauge, president of Small Business California, an advocacy organization, said most of his group’s members don’t shop in the exchange. He said he hasn’t seen Covered California rates differ much from those in the outside market. “I think the big problem is [business owners] don’t see a reason to [go to Covered California],” Hauge said. “There hasn’t been good marketing around why someone should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-26LL7SR7/\" target=\"_blank\">Small Business California survey\u003c/a>, only 43 percent of the nearly 700 small-business owners queried said they provided health insurance to employees, and only 11 percent of those said they had researched the exchange’s small business options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee said that with the expiration of federal insurer protection programs pushing up 2017 rates in the individual market, “the relatively low increase for small business helps focus attention on what stability can look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials also announced that starting Jan. 1, Blue Shield will offer a new plan in the exchange’s small business market. Kaiser Permanente also will add coverage in Santa Cruz County for both small businesses and individuals.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Covered California will raise premiums an average 5.9 percent in its 2017 small business health insurance market — a “moderate” rise compared to previous years, exchange officials said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This rate hike is down from 7.2 percent in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In both individual and small group, we’re building competitive markets where consumers are the winners,” Peter V. Lee, Covered California’s executive director, said Thursday. The rates for next year “demonstrate that markets are working to keep premiums under control and give consumers more choices than they’ve ever had.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approximately 28,000 people have insurance through Covered California’s small business marketplace. That makes it one of the largest small business health coverage programs in the country, according to officials. But it’s still dwarfed by the 1.4 million people covered in the exchange’s individual market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relatively modest hike in small business premiums contrasts sharply with rate increases in Covered California’s individual market for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/topics/covered-california\">Covered California\u003c/a> announced that premiums in its individual market \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/covered-california-health-plan-rates-to-jump-13-2-percent-in-2017/\" target=\"_blank\">would jump 13.2 percent\u003c/a> on average next year — a big leap up from the 4 percent average increases Californians had seen in the exchange’s first two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising medical costs and the expiration of two federal programs that helped insurance companies offset expensive claims helped drive the dramatic increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California’s small group market is available to businesses with up to 100 full-time employees. Lee said that while this market has had a slow start, without the same level of attention given to the individual market, interest is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials have seen a near doubling in the number of agents writing policies for small groups since 2014, Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for some small-business owners, Covered California’s small group market holds very little appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Hauge, president of Small Business California, an advocacy organization, said most of his group’s members don’t shop in the exchange. He said he hasn’t seen Covered California rates differ much from those in the outside market. “I think the big problem is [business owners] don’t see a reason to [go to Covered California],” Hauge said. “There hasn’t been good marketing around why someone should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-26LL7SR7/\" target=\"_blank\">Small Business California survey\u003c/a>, only 43 percent of the nearly 700 small-business owners queried said they provided health insurance to employees, and only 11 percent of those said they had researched the exchange’s small business options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee said that with the expiration of federal insurer protection programs pushing up 2017 rates in the individual market, “the relatively low increase for small business helps focus attention on what stability can look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials also announced that starting Jan. 1, Blue Shield will offer a new plan in the exchange’s small business market. Kaiser Permanente also will add coverage in Santa Cruz County for both small businesses and individuals.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Pokemon Go trainers will do almost anything for a rare find, including getting into a car and speeding around to catch them. And then they tweet about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a study, there were over 113,000 social media messages in 10 days last July that showed people getting into potentially unsafe traffic situations while trying to catch cute virtual monsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the Twitter posts came from the Baltimore Police Department, which posted body camera footage of officers talking on the sidewalk late at night on July 18. In a moment, an SUV strikes their parked cruiser and skids down the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you OK?” one of the officers says while hurrying up to the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I get for playing this dumbass game,” the driver replies. He shakes his head at his phone and palms his face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people have been dangerously close to getting into similar accidents, according to the study published Friday in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to plumb how much of a menace players of the wildly popular augmented reality game present, the researchers analyzed 345,433 tweets between July 10 and 19 that contained the words “Pokemon” and “driving, drives, drive” or “car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighteen percent of those showed that someone was playing and driving. Eleven percent suggested a passenger was playing, and 4 percent suggested a pedestrian was playing near traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to assess from Twitter just how big the problem is overall. Not everyone uses social media, and of the people who do tweet, not all of them will post about their motor vehicle adventures with Pokemon Go. “[So] we know we’re undercounting,” says John Ayers, a big data scientist at San Diego State University and an author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But undercounting by how much is impossible to say, and the analysis didn’t reveal if people were getting into crashes or not. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1,161 people are injured daily in crashes involving distractions like calls or texting. In Ayers’ 10-day study period, they found 14 Pokemon Go-related motor vehicle accidents in a separate search of media reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, catching Pokemon could be a special hazard to the road, Ayers thinks. “This is a new distraction amplified for many, many reasons,” he says. “In the case of augmented reality games, the goal is to interact with your environment.” In driving, that can be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And people may choose to drive so they can cover more ground and catch more Pokemon, spending a prolonged time driving and using the app. “You get in the car to go play. Think about that. That’s crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data show that catching Pokemon is a threat to drivers and pedestrians, agrees Catherine McDonald, a researcher at the University Of Pennsylvania School Of Nursing and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia who studies risky driving in teens. And it could be particularly true for young people, who may prioritize a charmander, possibly the cutest Pokemon in the game, over the road. “The gaming aspect or the collecting of Pokemon and the competition aspect may outweigh some of the [safety] risks for them,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pokemon GO already shows warning alerts when the phone is moving over a certain speed limit and disables the game if the user indicates they’re driving. But, Ayers says that Niantic, the game developer, should go further like excluding play for everyone traveling at driving speeds, including passengers. Niantic did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar to how regulations require the automotive industry to include features like seat belts, Ayers says tech developers should have a responsibility to public safety as they use new technologies, like the augmented reality feature that Pokemon GO employs. “We need to make it so not just Pokemon Go but all augmented reality are restricted in some way when you’re at speed or recently been at speed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers like Niantic might be able to update the app to make it safer, but data scientist Sean Young at UCLA and the University of California Institute for Prediction Technology says they’re not obligated to make something safe. “It’s up to researchers and public health officials to be able to keep up to date with technologies like this,” he says, “and when these things should be regulated and how.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding that is going to take effort from people with varied expertise. “Technology is having such a strong effect on our lives [that] we need multiple areas to converge,” Young says. “The developers of Pokemon Go can do one thing. Researchers can also help. Law enforcement can also help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Young adds, consumers need to decide what tech they use, and when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Angus Rohan Chen is a reporter and radio producer living in New York City. He has a dry wit and no hobbies. Please be his friend on Twitter: @angRchen.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pokemon Go trainers will do almost anything for a rare find, including getting into a car and speeding around to catch them. And then they tweet about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a study, there were over 113,000 social media messages in 10 days last July that showed people getting into potentially unsafe traffic situations while trying to catch cute virtual monsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the Twitter posts came from the Baltimore Police Department, which posted body camera footage of officers talking on the sidewalk late at night on July 18. In a moment, an SUV strikes their parked cruiser and skids down the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you OK?” one of the officers says while hurrying up to the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I get for playing this dumbass game,” the driver replies. He shakes his head at his phone and palms his face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people have been dangerously close to getting into similar accidents, according to the study published Friday in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to plumb how much of a menace players of the wildly popular augmented reality game present, the researchers analyzed 345,433 tweets between July 10 and 19 that contained the words “Pokemon” and “driving, drives, drive” or “car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighteen percent of those showed that someone was playing and driving. Eleven percent suggested a passenger was playing, and 4 percent suggested a pedestrian was playing near traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to assess from Twitter just how big the problem is overall. Not everyone uses social media, and of the people who do tweet, not all of them will post about their motor vehicle adventures with Pokemon Go. “[So] we know we’re undercounting,” says John Ayers, a big data scientist at San Diego State University and an author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But undercounting by how much is impossible to say, and the analysis didn’t reveal if people were getting into crashes or not. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1,161 people are injured daily in crashes involving distractions like calls or texting. In Ayers’ 10-day study period, they found 14 Pokemon Go-related motor vehicle accidents in a separate search of media reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, catching Pokemon could be a special hazard to the road, Ayers thinks. “This is a new distraction amplified for many, many reasons,” he says. “In the case of augmented reality games, the goal is to interact with your environment.” In driving, that can be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And people may choose to drive so they can cover more ground and catch more Pokemon, spending a prolonged time driving and using the app. “You get in the car to go play. Think about that. That’s crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data show that catching Pokemon is a threat to drivers and pedestrians, agrees Catherine McDonald, a researcher at the University Of Pennsylvania School Of Nursing and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia who studies risky driving in teens. And it could be particularly true for young people, who may prioritize a charmander, possibly the cutest Pokemon in the game, over the road. “The gaming aspect or the collecting of Pokemon and the competition aspect may outweigh some of the [safety] risks for them,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pokemon GO already shows warning alerts when the phone is moving over a certain speed limit and disables the game if the user indicates they’re driving. But, Ayers says that Niantic, the game developer, should go further like excluding play for everyone traveling at driving speeds, including passengers. Niantic did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar to how regulations require the automotive industry to include features like seat belts, Ayers says tech developers should have a responsibility to public safety as they use new technologies, like the augmented reality feature that Pokemon GO employs. “We need to make it so not just Pokemon Go but all augmented reality are restricted in some way when you’re at speed or recently been at speed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers like Niantic might be able to update the app to make it safer, but data scientist Sean Young at UCLA and the University of California Institute for Prediction Technology says they’re not obligated to make something safe. “It’s up to researchers and public health officials to be able to keep up to date with technologies like this,” he says, “and when these things should be regulated and how.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding that is going to take effort from people with varied expertise. “Technology is having such a strong effect on our lives [that] we need multiple areas to converge,” Young says. “The developers of Pokemon Go can do one thing. Researchers can also help. Law enforcement can also help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Young adds, consumers need to decide what tech they use, and when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Angus Rohan Chen is a reporter and radio producer living in New York City. He has a dry wit and no hobbies. Please be his friend on Twitter: @angRchen.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Undocumented Children's New Access to Medi-Cal Could Help Combat 'Epidemic of Tooth Disease'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eight-year-old Erika Andalon recently started treatment for six cavities at an AltaMed dental clinic in eastern Los Angeles near her home. She hadn’t been to a dentist for more than a year. Yet her younger sister, Elaine, has visited the dentist regularly since she was six months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference? Access to coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika was brought to the U.S. from Jalisco, Mexico, five years ago. Elaine, on the other hand, was born in California, which makes her a U.S. citizen. Because of her citizenship status, and because of her family’s low income, she always has received full benefits under Medi-Cal, the state’s version of Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since May 1, a new law (SB 75) has given Erika and other children living in the United States without legal immigration papers full access to Medi-Cal benefits, including dental services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Erika gets the same benefits as her little sister — including dental care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a huge relief,” Erika’s mother, also named Erika, said Wednesday. “Elaine goes to the dentist twice a year, now we can do the same with [Erika].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young Erika is one of almost 138,000 undocumented children in California who have gained Medi-Cal coverage under the so-called “Health for All Kids” law, which provides health care for all California children regardless of their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dental coverage under the state’s Denti-Cal program is included in the expanded benefits, and there is widespread hope that it will improve pediatric oral care in California. But delivering on that promise could be a stiff challenge for a program in which more than half of children who were covered before the law took effect had not seen a dentist in the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of access has created an “epidemic of tooth disease in which toddlers by the thousands have mouthfuls of cavities,” according to a searing report by the Little Hoover Commission, an independent oversight agency, released earlier this year. A big reason for Denti-Cal’s dysfunction, the report said, are low reimbursement rates that have “thoroughly alienated the dental profession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of Denti-Cal, Alani Jackson, told California Healthline earlier this year that newly enrolled children should have no problem getting an appointment with a dentist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dental professionals said this week that it is still too early to tell how the program will stand up to the new stress of the additional beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the new law took effect four months ago, immigrant children qualified only for “emergency” Medi-Cal, which gave them coverage for emergency room care. Some qualified for county-level health programs that did not tap Medi-Cal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika Andalon’s mom relied heavily on free dental exams offered at school to get baseline dental care for her older daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we had no idea” about the six cavities, she said. “It wasn’t until she got a proper exam with dental X-rays that we learned about the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more children enroll in Medi-Cal and Denti-Cal as a result of the new law, dental offices and clinics are beginning to see more young patients like Erika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Rosa Arzu, the dental director at AltaMed, a network of clinics in Los Angeles and Orange counties, said the 24-clinic group has extended hours for patients, including opening on Saturdays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clinics are not tracking the number of new immigrant children needing care, Arzu said the dentists at AltaMed have noted that previously uninsured kids who had not visited in years are now in need of more intensive care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AltaMed dentists already had seen many of the children before they qualified for Medi-Cal, because of the clinics’ “sliding fee” – a payment option in which the cost of services depends on the family’s income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But even though this payment was low, many families were struggling, so they delayed treatment,” Arzu said. Some patients still don’t realize that dental services are included in their newly insured children’s benefits, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all eyes are on the new law, it might be too early to gauge its impact, said Dr. Roseann Mulligan, associate dean of Community Health Programs and Hospital Affairs at the University of Southern California’s dental school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still a few “wrinkles,” and newly enrolled families are still figuring out the system, Mulligan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the USC dental school’s Children’s Health and Maintenance Program (CHAMP), Mulligan and other staff visit Head Start child care centers and WIC nutrition offices, where they provide screenings and refer families to nearby dentists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At those locations, CHAMP staff members have met families who are not aware they are enrolled in an HMO dental plan and therefore can only see certain dentists. If they want a specific dentist, or more options, they must enroll in a fee-for-service plan, and that can take more time, Mulligan explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 64,500 immigrant children are expected to sign up for full Medi-Cal and Denti-Cal benefits within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eight-year-old Erika Andalon recently started treatment for six cavities at an AltaMed dental clinic in eastern Los Angeles near her home. She hadn’t been to a dentist for more than a year. Yet her younger sister, Elaine, has visited the dentist regularly since she was six months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference? Access to coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika was brought to the U.S. from Jalisco, Mexico, five years ago. Elaine, on the other hand, was born in California, which makes her a U.S. citizen. Because of her citizenship status, and because of her family’s low income, she always has received full benefits under Medi-Cal, the state’s version of Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since May 1, a new law (SB 75) has given Erika and other children living in the United States without legal immigration papers full access to Medi-Cal benefits, including dental services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Erika gets the same benefits as her little sister — including dental care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a huge relief,” Erika’s mother, also named Erika, said Wednesday. “Elaine goes to the dentist twice a year, now we can do the same with [Erika].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young Erika is one of almost 138,000 undocumented children in California who have gained Medi-Cal coverage under the so-called “Health for All Kids” law, which provides health care for all California children regardless of their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dental coverage under the state’s Denti-Cal program is included in the expanded benefits, and there is widespread hope that it will improve pediatric oral care in California. But delivering on that promise could be a stiff challenge for a program in which more than half of children who were covered before the law took effect had not seen a dentist in the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of access has created an “epidemic of tooth disease in which toddlers by the thousands have mouthfuls of cavities,” according to a searing report by the Little Hoover Commission, an independent oversight agency, released earlier this year. A big reason for Denti-Cal’s dysfunction, the report said, are low reimbursement rates that have “thoroughly alienated the dental profession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of Denti-Cal, Alani Jackson, told California Healthline earlier this year that newly enrolled children should have no problem getting an appointment with a dentist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dental professionals said this week that it is still too early to tell how the program will stand up to the new stress of the additional beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the new law took effect four months ago, immigrant children qualified only for “emergency” Medi-Cal, which gave them coverage for emergency room care. Some qualified for county-level health programs that did not tap Medi-Cal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika Andalon’s mom relied heavily on free dental exams offered at school to get baseline dental care for her older daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we had no idea” about the six cavities, she said. “It wasn’t until she got a proper exam with dental X-rays that we learned about the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more children enroll in Medi-Cal and Denti-Cal as a result of the new law, dental offices and clinics are beginning to see more young patients like Erika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Rosa Arzu, the dental director at AltaMed, a network of clinics in Los Angeles and Orange counties, said the 24-clinic group has extended hours for patients, including opening on Saturdays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clinics are not tracking the number of new immigrant children needing care, Arzu said the dentists at AltaMed have noted that previously uninsured kids who had not visited in years are now in need of more intensive care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AltaMed dentists already had seen many of the children before they qualified for Medi-Cal, because of the clinics’ “sliding fee” – a payment option in which the cost of services depends on the family’s income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But even though this payment was low, many families were struggling, so they delayed treatment,” Arzu said. Some patients still don’t realize that dental services are included in their newly insured children’s benefits, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all eyes are on the new law, it might be too early to gauge its impact, said Dr. Roseann Mulligan, associate dean of Community Health Programs and Hospital Affairs at the University of Southern California’s dental school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still a few “wrinkles,” and newly enrolled families are still figuring out the system, Mulligan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the USC dental school’s Children’s Health and Maintenance Program (CHAMP), Mulligan and other staff visit Head Start child care centers and WIC nutrition offices, where they provide screenings and refer families to nearby dentists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At those locations, CHAMP staff members have met families who are not aware they are enrolled in an HMO dental plan and therefore can only see certain dentists. If they want a specific dentist, or more options, they must enroll in a fee-for-service plan, and that can take more time, Mulligan explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 64,500 immigrant children are expected to sign up for full Medi-Cal and Denti-Cal benefits within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The pharmacy chain pitches started in August: Come in and get your flu shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Convenience is touted. So are incentives: CVS offers a 20-percent-off shopping pass for everyone who gets a shot, while Walgreens donates toward international vaccination efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The start of flu season is still weeks — if not months — away. Yet marketing of the vaccine has become an almost year-round effort, beginning when the shots become available in August and hyped as long as the supply lasts, often into April or May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that long ago, most flu-shot campaigns started as the leaves began to turn in October. But the rise of retail medical clinics inside drug stores over the past decade — and state laws allowing pharmacists to give vaccinations — has stretched the flu-shot season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stores have figured out how “to deliver medical services in an on-demand way” which appeals to customers, particularly millennials, said Tom Charland, founder and CEO of Merchant Medicine, which tracks the walk-in clinic industry. “It’s a way to get people into the store to buy other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some experts say the marketing may be overtaking medical wisdom since it’s unclear how long the immunity imparted by the vaccine lasts, particularly in older people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials say it’s better to get the shot whenever you can. An early flu shot is better than no flu shot at all. But the science is mixed when it comes to how long a flu shot promoted and given during the waning days of summer will provide optimal protection, especially because flu season generally peaks in mid-winter or beyond. Experts are divided on how patients should respond to such offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re over 65, don’t get the flu vaccine in September. Or August. It’s a marketing scheme,” said Laura Haynes, an immunologist at the University of Connecticut Center on Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because a combination of factors makes it more difficult for the immune systems of people older than age 65 to respond to the vaccination in the first place. And its protective effects may wear off faster for this age group than it does for young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When is the best time to vaccinate? It’s a question even doctors have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should I wait until October or November to vaccinate my elderly or medically frail patients?” That’s one of the queries on the website of the board that advises the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on immunizations. The answer is that it is safe to make the shots available to all age groups when the vaccine becomes available, although it does include a caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board says antibodies created by the vaccine decline in the months following vaccination “primarily affecting persons age 65 and older,” citing a study done during the 2011-2012 flu season. Still, while “delaying vaccination might permit greater immunity later in the season,” the CDC notes that “deferral could result in missed opportunities to vaccinate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long will the immunity last?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data are very mixed,” said. John J. Treanor, a vaccine expert at the University of Rochester medical school. Some studies suggest vaccines lose some protectiveness during the course of a single flu season. Flu activity generally starts in the fall, but peaks in January or February and can run into the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So some might worry that if [they] got vaccinated very early and flu didn’t show up until very late, it might not work as well,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other studies “show you still have protection from the shot you got last year if it’s a year when the strains didn’t change, Treanor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any given flu season, vaccine effectiveness varies. One factor is how well the vaccines match the virus that is actually prevalent. Other factors influencing effectiveness include the age and general health of the recipient. In the overall population, the CDC says studies show vaccines can reduce the risk of flu by about 50 to 60 percent when the vaccines are well matched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials say it’s especially important to vaccinate children because they often spread the disease, are better able to develop antibodies from the vaccines and, if they don’t get sick, they won’t expose grandma and grandpa. While most people who get the flu recover, it is a serious disease responsible for many deaths each year, particularly among older adults and young children. Influenza’s intensity varies annually, with the CDC saying deaths associated with the flu have ranged from about 3,300 a year to 49,000 during the past 31 seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To develop vaccines, manufacturers and scientists study what’s circulating in the Southern Hemisphere during its winter, which is our summer. Then — based on that evidence — forecast what flu strains might circulate here to make vaccines that are generally delivered in late July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the upcoming season, the vaccines will include three or four strains, including two A strains, an H1N1 and an H3N2, as well as one or two B strains, according to the CDC. It recommends that everyone older than 6 months get vaccinated, unless they have health conditions that would prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccines can’t give a person the flu because the virus is killed before it’s included in the shot. This year, the nasal vaccine is not recommended for use, as studies showed it was not effective during several of the past flu seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when to go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ideal time is between Halloween and Thanksgiving,” said Haynes at UConn. “If you can’t wait and the only chance is to get it in September, then go ahead and get it. It’s best to get it early rather than not at all.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The pharmacy chain pitches started in August: Come in and get your flu shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Convenience is touted. So are incentives: CVS offers a 20-percent-off shopping pass for everyone who gets a shot, while Walgreens donates toward international vaccination efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The start of flu season is still weeks — if not months — away. Yet marketing of the vaccine has become an almost year-round effort, beginning when the shots become available in August and hyped as long as the supply lasts, often into April or May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that long ago, most flu-shot campaigns started as the leaves began to turn in October. But the rise of retail medical clinics inside drug stores over the past decade — and state laws allowing pharmacists to give vaccinations — has stretched the flu-shot season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stores have figured out how “to deliver medical services in an on-demand way” which appeals to customers, particularly millennials, said Tom Charland, founder and CEO of Merchant Medicine, which tracks the walk-in clinic industry. “It’s a way to get people into the store to buy other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some experts say the marketing may be overtaking medical wisdom since it’s unclear how long the immunity imparted by the vaccine lasts, particularly in older people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials say it’s better to get the shot whenever you can. An early flu shot is better than no flu shot at all. But the science is mixed when it comes to how long a flu shot promoted and given during the waning days of summer will provide optimal protection, especially because flu season generally peaks in mid-winter or beyond. Experts are divided on how patients should respond to such offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re over 65, don’t get the flu vaccine in September. Or August. It’s a marketing scheme,” said Laura Haynes, an immunologist at the University of Connecticut Center on Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because a combination of factors makes it more difficult for the immune systems of people older than age 65 to respond to the vaccination in the first place. And its protective effects may wear off faster for this age group than it does for young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When is the best time to vaccinate? It’s a question even doctors have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should I wait until October or November to vaccinate my elderly or medically frail patients?” That’s one of the queries on the website of the board that advises the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on immunizations. The answer is that it is safe to make the shots available to all age groups when the vaccine becomes available, although it does include a caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board says antibodies created by the vaccine decline in the months following vaccination “primarily affecting persons age 65 and older,” citing a study done during the 2011-2012 flu season. Still, while “delaying vaccination might permit greater immunity later in the season,” the CDC notes that “deferral could result in missed opportunities to vaccinate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long will the immunity last?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data are very mixed,” said. John J. Treanor, a vaccine expert at the University of Rochester medical school. Some studies suggest vaccines lose some protectiveness during the course of a single flu season. Flu activity generally starts in the fall, but peaks in January or February and can run into the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So some might worry that if [they] got vaccinated very early and flu didn’t show up until very late, it might not work as well,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other studies “show you still have protection from the shot you got last year if it’s a year when the strains didn’t change, Treanor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any given flu season, vaccine effectiveness varies. One factor is how well the vaccines match the virus that is actually prevalent. Other factors influencing effectiveness include the age and general health of the recipient. In the overall population, the CDC says studies show vaccines can reduce the risk of flu by about 50 to 60 percent when the vaccines are well matched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials say it’s especially important to vaccinate children because they often spread the disease, are better able to develop antibodies from the vaccines and, if they don’t get sick, they won’t expose grandma and grandpa. While most people who get the flu recover, it is a serious disease responsible for many deaths each year, particularly among older adults and young children. Influenza’s intensity varies annually, with the CDC saying deaths associated with the flu have ranged from about 3,300 a year to 49,000 during the past 31 seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To develop vaccines, manufacturers and scientists study what’s circulating in the Southern Hemisphere during its winter, which is our summer. Then — based on that evidence — forecast what flu strains might circulate here to make vaccines that are generally delivered in late July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the upcoming season, the vaccines will include three or four strains, including two A strains, an H1N1 and an H3N2, as well as one or two B strains, according to the CDC. It recommends that everyone older than 6 months get vaccinated, unless they have health conditions that would prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccines can’t give a person the flu because the virus is killed before it’s included in the shot. This year, the nasal vaccine is not recommended for use, as studies showed it was not effective during several of the past flu seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when to go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ideal time is between Halloween and Thanksgiving,” said Haynes at UConn. “If you can’t wait and the only chance is to get it in September, then go ahead and get it. It’s best to get it early rather than not at all.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Patients may one day soon be able to openly use medical marijuana inside a Northern California hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the hospital's governing board approves the idea, Marin General Hospital would become the first in the state to allow it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday evening, the Marin Healthcare District Board took a step in that direction by voting to ask its staff to investigate clinical and legal issues related to patient use of the drug on-site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical marijuana is legal in the state, but hospitals haven't yet allowed patients to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinhealthcare.org/about-us/board-of-directors\" target=\"_blank\">Larry Bedard\u003c/a>, a retired emergency physician and board member who proposed the plan to investigate the issue, says medical marijuana is already used \"under cover\" at hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Family members and friends sometimes bring medical marijuana to hospital patients who use it at home for their conditions, Bedard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's better to be open and transparent about medical marijuana use in the hospital, he said, so doctors have the full picture of all medications the patients are taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>Cannabis use in this hospital is 'don’t ask, don’t tell,.' \" Bedard said. \"So I think there’s a cannabis closet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But would allowing open use of medical marijuana mean that patients are lighting up joints in their hospital rooms? Of course not, Bedard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/282803262\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since smoking is prohibited in hospitals, the medical marijuana would be delivered to patients in other forms, such as edible products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health advocate Larry Cohen, executive director of the Prevention Institute in Oakland, said hospitals would be ideal for supervising use of medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's far better for the medical staff to know what people are using and to ensure the right quality and the right fit with other medications, so this is probably smart,\" Cohen said. \"One of the biggest disadvantages of edibles has to do with unsupervised risk related to children, and clearly this is far less of a concern in a medical institution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical marijuana use in hospitals has been the subject of public debate in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two states, Connecticut and Maine, passed legislation protecting hospital staff from criminal, civil, or disciplinary action if they administer marijuana to hospital patients, said Paul Armentano,\u003cbr>\ndeputy director of NORML, a marijuana legalization advocacy group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armentano said it was unclear whether hospitals in those states have changed their polices, but the doors have been open to do so, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical marijuana use in hospitals in California has already happened unofficially, said Dale Gieringer, director of the California branch of NORML.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Brownie Mary used to distribute medicated brownies to AIDS patients in San Francisco,\" Gieringer said. \"I remember hearing that she visited hospitals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin Healthcare District Board plans to hold a series of public meetings on medical marijuana use, Bedard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staff report examining the issue is expected to be concluded in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tiffany Camhi and Mina Kim contributed to this report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Patients may one day soon be able to openly use medical marijuana inside a Northern California hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the hospital's governing board approves the idea, Marin General Hospital would become the first in the state to allow it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday evening, the Marin Healthcare District Board took a step in that direction by voting to ask its staff to investigate clinical and legal issues related to patient use of the drug on-site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical marijuana is legal in the state, but hospitals haven't yet allowed patients to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinhealthcare.org/about-us/board-of-directors\" target=\"_blank\">Larry Bedard\u003c/a>, a retired emergency physician and board member who proposed the plan to investigate the issue, says medical marijuana is already used \"under cover\" at hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Family members and friends sometimes bring medical marijuana to hospital patients who use it at home for their conditions, Bedard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's better to be open and transparent about medical marijuana use in the hospital, he said, so doctors have the full picture of all medications the patients are taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>Cannabis use in this hospital is 'don’t ask, don’t tell,.' \" Bedard said. \"So I think there’s a cannabis closet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But would allowing open use of medical marijuana mean that patients are lighting up joints in their hospital rooms? Of course not, Bedard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/282803262&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/282803262'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since smoking is prohibited in hospitals, the medical marijuana would be delivered to patients in other forms, such as edible products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health advocate Larry Cohen, executive director of the Prevention Institute in Oakland, said hospitals would be ideal for supervising use of medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's far better for the medical staff to know what people are using and to ensure the right quality and the right fit with other medications, so this is probably smart,\" Cohen said. \"One of the biggest disadvantages of edibles has to do with unsupervised risk related to children, and clearly this is far less of a concern in a medical institution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical marijuana use in hospitals has been the subject of public debate in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two states, Connecticut and Maine, passed legislation protecting hospital staff from criminal, civil, or disciplinary action if they administer marijuana to hospital patients, said Paul Armentano,\u003cbr>\ndeputy director of NORML, a marijuana legalization advocacy group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armentano said it was unclear whether hospitals in those states have changed their polices, but the doors have been open to do so, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical marijuana use in hospitals in California has already happened unofficially, said Dale Gieringer, director of the California branch of NORML.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Brownie Mary used to distribute medicated brownies to AIDS patients in San Francisco,\" Gieringer said. \"I remember hearing that she visited hospitals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin Healthcare District Board plans to hold a series of public meetings on medical marijuana use, Bedard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staff report examining the issue is expected to be concluded in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tiffany Camhi and Mina Kim contributed to this report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>High deductible health plans are the new normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over half of employees this year have a health insurance policy with a deductible of at least $1,000, according to a survey of employers from the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the continuation of a multiyear trend of companies passing more of the costs of employee health care back onto workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, health insurance premiums for a family covered by an employer health plan rose an average 3 percent this year to $18,142. Of that, employees pay an average of $5,277.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, that's not much of an increase. But it still outpaces the rate of inflation, so it takes a larger chunk of worker income and employer profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a gradual sea change in what insurance is for most Americans, from more comprehensive coverage to skimpier coverage,\" says Drew Altman, president of the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covenant Care, a Pensacola, Fla.-based hospice and home health care nonprofit, is one organization that has made the switch. About 450 of its 600 workers now have high-deductible health plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At Covenant, we pay 80 percent of the costs of the plan and even at that point, there are some business decisions that need to be made regarding what we can afford to do,\" says Pat Holtman, senior manager of human resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the company offsets some of that deductible by putting cash into accounts that workers can use for health care costs. And if employees participate in wellness programs, they get points to pay even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes doing a health risk assessment at the beginning of the year. \"If they go online and do a wellness assessment, they can accrue points that way,\" Holtman says. \"If they're non-tobacco users there are a certain number of points that are accrued there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Premiums have risen 20 percent since 2011, the Kaiser survey released Wednesday shows. They rose 31 percent in the previous five years and 63 percent in the five years before that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the continuous increases, companies like Covenant are getting creative, Altman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your typical employer is using everything in the toolkit to control their premiums,\" he says. They use those wellness programs. They try to help workers manage their chronic illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But if you want to bring down the premium increase quickly in any given year, the immediate step you can take is to increase deductibles and other forms of cost sharing,\" Altman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers can lop about 20 percent off insurance premiums simply by raising deductibles from $200 to $1,000, says Dave Anderson, CEO of HealthNow Inc., which runs BlueCross BlueShield of Western New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says companies do think hard before they bump up deductibles because employees don't like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would say no one goes there lightly,\" he says. \"Many employers have felt like they just had to go in that direction. They had to fix premium costs in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BlueCross BlueShield of Western New York offers its own employees a high deductible plan. And like Covenant in Florida, it encourages its workers to participate in wellness programs to knock down their share of the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company will pay $500 toward a $1,000 deductible if employees undergo a health risk assessment each year. Anderson says the risk assessment will help employees embrace more healthy behavior and stick with exercise and nutrition plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe we'll have that kind of overall reduction in our health care costs,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Anderson says high deductibles raise troubling issues as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that is whether it is inherently disadvantageous to lower-income employees. And we struggle with that,\" he says. \"A $1,000 deductible if you're making $100,000 is no big deal. If you're making $30,000 a year, a $1,000 deductible is a big deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, Anderson says, he expects employers and insurance companies will have to address that inherent unfairness by offering health plans with deductibles indexed to workers' income.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a gradual sea change in what insurance is for most Americans, from more comprehensive coverage to skimpier coverage,\" says Drew Altman, president of the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covenant Care, a Pensacola, Fla.-based hospice and home health care nonprofit, is one organization that has made the switch. About 450 of its 600 workers now have high-deductible health plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At Covenant, we pay 80 percent of the costs of the plan and even at that point, there are some business decisions that need to be made regarding what we can afford to do,\" says Pat Holtman, senior manager of human resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the company offsets some of that deductible by putting cash into accounts that workers can use for health care costs. And if employees participate in wellness programs, they get points to pay even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes doing a health risk assessment at the beginning of the year. \"If they go online and do a wellness assessment, they can accrue points that way,\" Holtman says. \"If they're non-tobacco users there are a certain number of points that are accrued there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Premiums have risen 20 percent since 2011, the Kaiser survey released Wednesday shows. They rose 31 percent in the previous five years and 63 percent in the five years before that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the continuous increases, companies like Covenant are getting creative, Altman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your typical employer is using everything in the toolkit to control their premiums,\" he says. They use those wellness programs. They try to help workers manage their chronic illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But if you want to bring down the premium increase quickly in any given year, the immediate step you can take is to increase deductibles and other forms of cost sharing,\" Altman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers can lop about 20 percent off insurance premiums simply by raising deductibles from $200 to $1,000, says Dave Anderson, CEO of HealthNow Inc., which runs BlueCross BlueShield of Western New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says companies do think hard before they bump up deductibles because employees don't like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would say no one goes there lightly,\" he says. \"Many employers have felt like they just had to go in that direction. They had to fix premium costs in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BlueCross BlueShield of Western New York offers its own employees a high deductible plan. And like Covenant in Florida, it encourages its workers to participate in wellness programs to knock down their share of the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company will pay $500 toward a $1,000 deductible if employees undergo a health risk assessment each year. Anderson says the risk assessment will help employees embrace more healthy behavior and stick with exercise and nutrition plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe we'll have that kind of overall reduction in our health care costs,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Anderson says high deductibles raise troubling issues as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that is whether it is inherently disadvantageous to lower-income employees. And we struggle with that,\" he says. \"A $1,000 deductible if you're making $100,000 is no big deal. If you're making $30,000 a year, a $1,000 deductible is a big deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, Anderson says, he expects employers and insurance companies will have to address that inherent unfairness by offering health plans with deductibles indexed to workers' income.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When is more medical care helpful in end-of-life situations and when does it just lead to more suffering? How do you know when it's time to let someone you love pass away naturally?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These choices are heart-wrenching for patients, families, and their doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new Netflix documentary short called \u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/80106307\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Extremis\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, which is Latin for \"at the point of death,\" follows doctors, patients and their loved ones in various end-of-life scenarios that play out at the intensive care unit at Oakland's Highland Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJiY8duVgz0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As difficult as these choices are, it's important to figure out if an intervention will change the course for a patient, said Dr. Jessica Nutik Zitter, the Oakland palliative care physician, who is featured in the documentary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here's the reality, we are all gonna die,\" she says to a group of medical staff in the film's trailer. \"Everyone standing in this room is gonna die one day and it's good to have a little bit of a say in how.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day, patients are permanently hooked up to machines, she says in the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My concern is we are going to cause more suffering without likely benefit,\" she tells a patient's loved one in the film. \"The other approach is let her pass naturally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is often difficult for doctors to fight their instinct to treat medical symptoms and know when it's time to stop, she wrote about in the \u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/04/14/in-the-hospital-letting-nature-takes-its-course/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a growing movement within the medical field to recognize how important it is for doctors to help patients navigate care and face the end of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston surgeon Atul Gawande's recent book and movie called \u003cem>Being Mortal\u003c/em>, revealed how well-meaning doctors are often untrained and unprepared to discuss death with their patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>End-of-life issues have also been at the forefront of public discussion as states like California enact legislation to allow terminally ill patients to take medicines to end their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Netflix documentary shows how difficult the choices are for families who have to make decisions about a dying loved one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving consent for doctors to stop medical treatment can feel wrong and provoke tremendous feelings of guilt for a patient's family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would feel like murder to pull her life support,\" says one young woman when faced with this choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 24-minute documentary, directed by Dan Krauss, won the Best Documentary Short award this year when it premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here's the reality, we are all gonna die,\" she says to a group of medical staff in the film's trailer. \"Everyone standing in this room is gonna die one day and it's good to have a little bit of a say in how.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day, patients are permanently hooked up to machines, she says in the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My concern is we are going to cause more suffering without likely benefit,\" she tells a patient's loved one in the film. \"The other approach is let her pass naturally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is often difficult for doctors to fight their instinct to treat medical symptoms and know when it's time to stop, she wrote about in the \u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/04/14/in-the-hospital-letting-nature-takes-its-course/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a growing movement within the medical field to recognize how important it is for doctors to help patients navigate care and face the end of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston surgeon Atul Gawande's recent book and movie called \u003cem>Being Mortal\u003c/em>, revealed how well-meaning doctors are often untrained and unprepared to discuss death with their patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>End-of-life issues have also been at the forefront of public discussion as states like California enact legislation to allow terminally ill patients to take medicines to end their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Netflix documentary shows how difficult the choices are for families who have to make decisions about a dying loved one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving consent for doctors to stop medical treatment can feel wrong and provoke tremendous feelings of guilt for a patient's family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would feel like murder to pull her life support,\" says one young woman when faced with this choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 24-minute documentary, directed by Dan Krauss, won the Best Documentary Short award this year when it premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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