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"disqusTitle": "Just One Dose of Many Common Medicines Can Kill a Child",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17955\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/56492598-e1393869663329.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17955\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/56492598-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Many over-the-counter products contain acetaminophen. One dose is usually not a problem, but it's easy to lose track of how much your child is taking. An overdose can cause liver failure or death. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many over-the-counter products contain acetaminophen. One dose is usually not a problem, but it's easy to lose track of how much your child is taking. An overdose can cause liver failure or death. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Scott Hensley,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/28/283933166/just-one-dose-of-many-common-medicines-can-kill-a-child\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns about drug risks have led 28 state attorneys general to ask the Food and Drug Administration to reverse its approval of Zohydro, a long-acting narcotic painkiller, before the medicine is even \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/27/us-usa-fda-zohydro-idUSBREA1Q1VT20140227\" target=\"_blank\">put on the market\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">People often underestimate the risks of individual drugs and combinations of drugs for young children.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The risks for addiction and overdose from the potent opioid outweigh the benefits of pain relief, critics say. Some point to the risk for children, in particular. A single capsule of Zohydro \u003ca href=\"https://www.zohydroerrems.com/Portal/Content%20Library/ZO0024.1213%20-%20Zohydro%20ISI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">could kill a kid\u003c/a>, the medicine's instructions warn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other opioid painkillers, such as Vicodin and Percocet, are already fixtures in America's medicine cabinets. And as the prescriptions for drugs like these have surged, so have the reports of overdoses and deaths — for children and adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opioids are just one kind of risky medicine. Doctors \u003ca href=\"http://webapps.acep.org/sa/Syllabi/SU-161.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">have a disturbingly long list of drugs\u003c/a> that can lead to the death of a child after just one or two doses.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are lots of pills that kill,\" says Dr. Cathleen Clancy, associate medical director for the National Capital Poison Center in Washington, D.C. People often underestimate the risks of individual drugs and combinations of drugs for young children, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pain Relievers Top List of Drugs that Can Poison Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain relievers, or analgesics, are at the top of the list of drugs that poison kids. And a single dose of codeine, morphine or methadone can end a toddler's life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acetaminophen, sold generically and under the brand name Tylenol, is a popular pain reliever for children. A single dose isn't usually a problem. But an overdose can cause liver failure and death. The drug is an ingredient in many over-the-counter remedies, so it's easy to lose track of how much a child is taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Acetaminophen is probably the most common ingestion of analgesics that we get called about,\" Clancy says. \"It's just overwhelmingly available. Parents will give it to their kids maybe not respecting the dosage limitations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One or two pills of blood pressure medicines known as calcium channel blockers can be lethal for kids. These drugs are usually generics. Diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil are some of the common ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several different medicines to control irregular heartbeats can also be deadly. They include quinidine and procainamide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clancy says a recent poisoning case involved a 12-month-old boy who ate a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684030.html\" target=\"_blank\">verapamil\u003c/a> tablet he found in his father's wallet. The boy was treated in the emergency room and later put in the pediatric intensive care unit. He responded well to treatment and survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Diabetes Drugs Dangerous for Kids, Too\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some pills adults take to manage diabetes can be extremely hazardous, too, including Glucotrol, or glipizide, and chlorpropamide. Clancy noted three recent cases that involved young children getting ill after taking small doses of medicines like these. After treatment, all three children survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pills aren't the only form of medicine that can be lethal for children, Clancy says. \"One patch can kill, too,\" she says. Patches containing \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a608049.html\" target=\"_blank\">clonidine\u003c/a>, a blood pressure medicine, can be deadly. Pain patches made with fentanyl can be, too. Even nicotine patches can be hazardous, Clancy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be careful about disposing of patches where children might come across them. Used patches can still contain enough drug to do harm, if a small child sucks on them or swallows them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"9sGBsEJfkjmAX6nTXs3XIdIAJoRdDxRW\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"There are lots of pills that kill,\" says Dr. Cathleen Clancy, associate medical director for the National Capital Poison Center in Washington, D.C. People often underestimate the risks of individual drugs and combinations of drugs for young children, she says.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17955\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/56492598-e1393869663329.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17955\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/56492598-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Many over-the-counter products contain acetaminophen. One dose is usually not a problem, but it's easy to lose track of how much your child is taking. An overdose can cause liver failure or death. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many over-the-counter products contain acetaminophen. One dose is usually not a problem, but it's easy to lose track of how much your child is taking. An overdose can cause liver failure or death. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Scott Hensley,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/28/283933166/just-one-dose-of-many-common-medicines-can-kill-a-child\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns about drug risks have led 28 state attorneys general to ask the Food and Drug Administration to reverse its approval of Zohydro, a long-acting narcotic painkiller, before the medicine is even \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/27/us-usa-fda-zohydro-idUSBREA1Q1VT20140227\" target=\"_blank\">put on the market\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">People often underestimate the risks of individual drugs and combinations of drugs for young children.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The risks for addiction and overdose from the potent opioid outweigh the benefits of pain relief, critics say. Some point to the risk for children, in particular. A single capsule of Zohydro \u003ca href=\"https://www.zohydroerrems.com/Portal/Content%20Library/ZO0024.1213%20-%20Zohydro%20ISI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">could kill a kid\u003c/a>, the medicine's instructions warn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other opioid painkillers, such as Vicodin and Percocet, are already fixtures in America's medicine cabinets. And as the prescriptions for drugs like these have surged, so have the reports of overdoses and deaths — for children and adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opioids are just one kind of risky medicine. Doctors \u003ca href=\"http://webapps.acep.org/sa/Syllabi/SU-161.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">have a disturbingly long list of drugs\u003c/a> that can lead to the death of a child after just one or two doses.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are lots of pills that kill,\" says Dr. Cathleen Clancy, associate medical director for the National Capital Poison Center in Washington, D.C. People often underestimate the risks of individual drugs and combinations of drugs for young children, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pain Relievers Top List of Drugs that Can Poison Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain relievers, or analgesics, are at the top of the list of drugs that poison kids. And a single dose of codeine, morphine or methadone can end a toddler's life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acetaminophen, sold generically and under the brand name Tylenol, is a popular pain reliever for children. A single dose isn't usually a problem. But an overdose can cause liver failure and death. The drug is an ingredient in many over-the-counter remedies, so it's easy to lose track of how much a child is taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Acetaminophen is probably the most common ingestion of analgesics that we get called about,\" Clancy says. \"It's just overwhelmingly available. Parents will give it to their kids maybe not respecting the dosage limitations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One or two pills of blood pressure medicines known as calcium channel blockers can be lethal for kids. These drugs are usually generics. Diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil are some of the common ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several different medicines to control irregular heartbeats can also be deadly. They include quinidine and procainamide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clancy says a recent poisoning case involved a 12-month-old boy who ate a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684030.html\" target=\"_blank\">verapamil\u003c/a> tablet he found in his father's wallet. The boy was treated in the emergency room and later put in the pediatric intensive care unit. He responded well to treatment and survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Diabetes Drugs Dangerous for Kids, Too\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some pills adults take to manage diabetes can be extremely hazardous, too, including Glucotrol, or glipizide, and chlorpropamide. Clancy noted three recent cases that involved young children getting ill after taking small doses of medicines like these. After treatment, all three children survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pills aren't the only form of medicine that can be lethal for children, Clancy says. \"One patch can kill, too,\" she says. Patches containing \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a608049.html\" target=\"_blank\">clonidine\u003c/a>, a blood pressure medicine, can be deadly. Pain patches made with fentanyl can be, too. Even nicotine patches can be hazardous, Clancy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be careful about disposing of patches where children might come across them. Used patches can still contain enough drug to do harm, if a small child sucks on them or swallows them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"9sGBsEJfkjmAX6nTXs3XIdIAJoRdDxRW\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Marijuana Help Children with Severe Epilepsy?",
"title": "Can Marijuana Help Children with Severe Epilepsy?",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17516\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS4903_marajuanasales-scr-e1391666743370.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17516\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS4903_marajuanasales-scr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan>By Danielle Venton\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Mark Kohr doesn't smoke pot. But open his freezer and among the tamales and organic chicken strips, you'll also find four pounds of cannabis. He plans to process the cannabis, worth about $900, into an oil for his daughter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Camille, who is 13, has \u003c/span>\u003cspan>a severe, sometimes fatal, form of epilepsy known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.dravetfoundation.org/dravet-syndrome/what-is-dravet-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\">Dravet Syndrome\u003c/a>. Like many kids with Dravet Syndrome, conventional medications didn't seem to work. Kohr says that the cannabis her parents prepare for her does.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here we are with one of the most difficult medical things to treat -- seizures,\" Kohr says. \"And we're making the medicine at home. Isn't that the weirdest thing on earth?\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark and Marian Kohr are among dozens of parents in the Bay Area who go to extreme lengths because they believe a rare, hard-to-find form of medical marijuana helps their epileptic or autistic children. The Kohrs started treating Camille with cannabis three years ago. Before that, she was suffering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Camille could be in a seizurey state for three days,\" Kohr recalled. \"Her eyes were blinking and rolling back. Her speech was degraded; she couldn't talk very well. She couldn't really walk. And then she would have grand mal seizures when her whole body would shake and convulse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Today, Camille has gone off all but two medications. She's having fewer seizures. She's thinking faster, talking more, cracking jokes, and, her mother says, able to connect with people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For instance, today we went to the vet,\" Marian Kohr said. \"She was the one who spoke to the vet. I stood behind her, and … she answered all the questions. She would never have been able to do that before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special strain of marijuana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extract Camille takes isn't typical marijuana. Her parents grow a strain that is rich in the compound \u003ca href=\"http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=644019\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol\u003c/a> -- or CBD -- and low in \u003ca href=\"http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=16078\" target=\"_blank\">tetrahydrocannabinol\u003c/a>, or THC. THC is the chemical that makes users feel high. Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.gwpharm.com/Rationale%20and%20Preclinical.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">studies \u003c/a>indicate CBD can reduce seizures, minimize inflammation and prevent brain damage after an injury. Despite California being the first state to legalize medical marijuana, parents like the Kohrs still face an uphill battle when it comes to finding high-quality cannabis this is also high in CBD and low THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the issue of trying to figure out how much to give their daughter. A prescription for medical marijuana isn't like one for antibiotics. Kohr says he was given a \"recommendation prescription\" from a doctor. But he couldn't get any information about where to buy the cannabis or a dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kohrs opted to form a collective with more than a dozen other Bay Area families. They call it the \"Green Girls Collective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"There's all these parents where we're all figuring it out,\" Kohr says, \"with our children, in our kitchens and in our homes and telling each other. It's a really unique state of affairs.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/133411106&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&visual=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>The collective allows parents to buy cannabis from commercial growers, legally under state law. Still, many parents are nervous they'll get in trouble with Child Protective Services or their children's school administration. And not all children respond as Camille has. Some parents stop giving cannabis to their kids because they haven't seen a benefit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are at a loss to explain how CBD works or why it works in some patients, but not others. Part of the problem is that the government classifies marijuana as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/ds.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Schedule 1 drug\u003c/a> -- something with a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. This means it's harder for a clinical researcher to study the effects of marijuana than cocaine. And this isn't just a U.S. problem -- there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/end-the-ban-on-psychoactive-drug-research/%5D\" target=\"_blank\">similar restrictions\u003c/a> on marijuana research in much of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Joseph Sullivan says he doesn't want to get on a \"political soap box,\" but he calls these policies \"crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Sullivan directs the Pediatric Epilepsy Center at the U.C. San Francisco Bennioff Children's Hospital. Many of the children in the Green Girls Collective are his patients, though he doesn't give advice about dosing or where to get CBD. The current lack of research, he says, is frustrating and confusing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"We don't really know the actual doses of CBD that are required to get optimal seizure control,\" he says. \"In those patients of mine who have been taking their own naturally prepared tinctures some are responding to extremely low doses and others are requiring very, very high doses and still may not be responding.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBD-enriched cannabis, the kind that Mark and Marian Kohr grow, still contains some THC. As the dose of CBD gets higher, parents worry about giving their child too much THC. Some data indicate THC can hamper brain development and promote convulsions -- exactly what parents are trying to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New research starting \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now families have a new hope. UCSF is one of six centers in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/02/111641/marijuana-derived-epilepsy-drug-clinical-trial-children-uncontrolled-seizures\" target=\"_blank\">testing\u003c/a> a pure form of CBD made by a British \u003ca href=\"http://www.gwpharm.com\" target=\"_blank\">drug company\u003c/a>. This is the first time the FDA has approved the experimental testing of a cannabis-derived drug designed for children. At the same time, the Drug Enforcement Administration still considers CBD, a Schedule 1 drug. Roberta Cilio, the UCSF neurologist who is leading the investigation, had to get a DEA license and pass an extensive background check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was interviewed twice and then they came to look at the premises, Cillo said. \"The cabinet we usually use for narcotics is not enough, so the drug has to be kept in a safe. And really it's a very big complication even for a very experienced investigational pharmacy as we have here at UCSF.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the hospital pharmacy didn't have one, a benefactor donated a safe. The pharmacists also had to go through DEA approval and training to handle the drug. To start, Sullivan and Cilio are only allowed to enroll about 25 patients. But the interest from families has been enormous and, they worry, overly optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"I think the frenzy has been augmented by the fact that this is looked at as a natural substance and therefore it must not have any side effects which I think we really need to be careful about,\" Sullivan said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>What's needed, the doctors say, are larger, placebo-controlled studies. If the drug proves effective for the initial patients, the drug company hopes to begin clinical trials and push for regulation. As parents and patients lobby for marijuana legislation reform, says Sullivan, political winds seem to be shifting.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's good news for families like the Kohrs. Buying the drug would be much easier than the painstaking process of growing plants and making extracts every few weeks in their kitchen. Pot plants take a huge amount of work and each batch of medicine takes about four hours to process.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Mark and Marian Kohr are among dozens of parents in the Bay Area who go to extreme lengths because they believe a rare, hard-to-find form of medical marijuana helps their epileptic or autistic children. The Kohrs started treating Camille with cannabis three years ago. Before that, she was suffering.\r\n\r\n\"Camille could be in a seizurey state for three days,\" Kohr recalled. \"Her eyes were blinking and rolling back. Her speech was degraded; she couldn't talk very well. She couldn't really walk. And then she would have grand mal seizures when her whole body would shake and convulse.\" Today, Camille has gone off all but two medications. She's having fewer seizures. She's thinking faster, talking more, cracking jokes, and, her mother says, able to connect with people.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17516\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS4903_marajuanasales-scr-e1391666743370.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17516\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS4903_marajuanasales-scr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan>By Danielle Venton\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Mark Kohr doesn't smoke pot. But open his freezer and among the tamales and organic chicken strips, you'll also find four pounds of cannabis. He plans to process the cannabis, worth about $900, into an oil for his daughter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Camille, who is 13, has \u003c/span>\u003cspan>a severe, sometimes fatal, form of epilepsy known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.dravetfoundation.org/dravet-syndrome/what-is-dravet-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\">Dravet Syndrome\u003c/a>. Like many kids with Dravet Syndrome, conventional medications didn't seem to work. Kohr says that the cannabis her parents prepare for her does.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here we are with one of the most difficult medical things to treat -- seizures,\" Kohr says. \"And we're making the medicine at home. Isn't that the weirdest thing on earth?\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark and Marian Kohr are among dozens of parents in the Bay Area who go to extreme lengths because they believe a rare, hard-to-find form of medical marijuana helps their epileptic or autistic children. The Kohrs started treating Camille with cannabis three years ago. Before that, she was suffering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Camille could be in a seizurey state for three days,\" Kohr recalled. \"Her eyes were blinking and rolling back. Her speech was degraded; she couldn't talk very well. She couldn't really walk. And then she would have grand mal seizures when her whole body would shake and convulse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Today, Camille has gone off all but two medications. She's having fewer seizures. She's thinking faster, talking more, cracking jokes, and, her mother says, able to connect with people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For instance, today we went to the vet,\" Marian Kohr said. \"She was the one who spoke to the vet. I stood behind her, and … she answered all the questions. She would never have been able to do that before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special strain of marijuana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extract Camille takes isn't typical marijuana. Her parents grow a strain that is rich in the compound \u003ca href=\"http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=644019\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol\u003c/a> -- or CBD -- and low in \u003ca href=\"http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=16078\" target=\"_blank\">tetrahydrocannabinol\u003c/a>, or THC. THC is the chemical that makes users feel high. Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.gwpharm.com/Rationale%20and%20Preclinical.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">studies \u003c/a>indicate CBD can reduce seizures, minimize inflammation and prevent brain damage after an injury. Despite California being the first state to legalize medical marijuana, parents like the Kohrs still face an uphill battle when it comes to finding high-quality cannabis this is also high in CBD and low THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the issue of trying to figure out how much to give their daughter. A prescription for medical marijuana isn't like one for antibiotics. Kohr says he was given a \"recommendation prescription\" from a doctor. But he couldn't get any information about where to buy the cannabis or a dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kohrs opted to form a collective with more than a dozen other Bay Area families. They call it the \"Green Girls Collective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"There's all these parents where we're all figuring it out,\" Kohr says, \"with our children, in our kitchens and in our homes and telling each other. It's a really unique state of affairs.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/133411106&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&visual=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>The collective allows parents to buy cannabis from commercial growers, legally under state law. Still, many parents are nervous they'll get in trouble with Child Protective Services or their children's school administration. And not all children respond as Camille has. Some parents stop giving cannabis to their kids because they haven't seen a benefit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are at a loss to explain how CBD works or why it works in some patients, but not others. Part of the problem is that the government classifies marijuana as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/ds.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Schedule 1 drug\u003c/a> -- something with a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. This means it's harder for a clinical researcher to study the effects of marijuana than cocaine. And this isn't just a U.S. problem -- there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/end-the-ban-on-psychoactive-drug-research/%5D\" target=\"_blank\">similar restrictions\u003c/a> on marijuana research in much of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Joseph Sullivan says he doesn't want to get on a \"political soap box,\" but he calls these policies \"crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Sullivan directs the Pediatric Epilepsy Center at the U.C. San Francisco Bennioff Children's Hospital. Many of the children in the Green Girls Collective are his patients, though he doesn't give advice about dosing or where to get CBD. The current lack of research, he says, is frustrating and confusing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"We don't really know the actual doses of CBD that are required to get optimal seizure control,\" he says. \"In those patients of mine who have been taking their own naturally prepared tinctures some are responding to extremely low doses and others are requiring very, very high doses and still may not be responding.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBD-enriched cannabis, the kind that Mark and Marian Kohr grow, still contains some THC. As the dose of CBD gets higher, parents worry about giving their child too much THC. Some data indicate THC can hamper brain development and promote convulsions -- exactly what parents are trying to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New research starting \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now families have a new hope. UCSF is one of six centers in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/02/111641/marijuana-derived-epilepsy-drug-clinical-trial-children-uncontrolled-seizures\" target=\"_blank\">testing\u003c/a> a pure form of CBD made by a British \u003ca href=\"http://www.gwpharm.com\" target=\"_blank\">drug company\u003c/a>. This is the first time the FDA has approved the experimental testing of a cannabis-derived drug designed for children. At the same time, the Drug Enforcement Administration still considers CBD, a Schedule 1 drug. Roberta Cilio, the UCSF neurologist who is leading the investigation, had to get a DEA license and pass an extensive background check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was interviewed twice and then they came to look at the premises, Cillo said. \"The cabinet we usually use for narcotics is not enough, so the drug has to be kept in a safe. And really it's a very big complication even for a very experienced investigational pharmacy as we have here at UCSF.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the hospital pharmacy didn't have one, a benefactor donated a safe. The pharmacists also had to go through DEA approval and training to handle the drug. To start, Sullivan and Cilio are only allowed to enroll about 25 patients. But the interest from families has been enormous and, they worry, overly optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"I think the frenzy has been augmented by the fact that this is looked at as a natural substance and therefore it must not have any side effects which I think we really need to be careful about,\" Sullivan said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>What's needed, the doctors say, are larger, placebo-controlled studies. If the drug proves effective for the initial patients, the drug company hopes to begin clinical trials and push for regulation. As parents and patients lobby for marijuana legislation reform, says Sullivan, political winds seem to be shifting.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's good news for families like the Kohrs. Buying the drug would be much easier than the painstaking process of growing plants and making extracts every few weeks in their kitchen. Pot plants take a huge amount of work and each batch of medicine takes about four hours to process.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Covered California Health Plans to Include Children's Dental Next Year",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ianus/25545229/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17321\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/25545229_bd787b87db_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"(ianus/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(ianus/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lisa Aliferis and April Dembosky\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=517407004992284&set=a.517406901658961.1073741828.296960763703577&type=3&permPage=1\" target=\"_blank\">big debate\u003c/a> last summer. While children's dental coverage is one of the Affordable Care Act's 10 essential health benefits, the ACA gives states the flexibility to offer the coverage in a stand alone plan. Covered California first required insurers to include children's dental, then told them to strip out the benefit, in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/08/kids-dental-plans-cost-extra-in-new-health-marketplace/\" target=\"_blank\">offering stand alone plans\u003c/a> at an additional cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the data is in. Less than one-third of enrolled children on Covered California through 2013 also has dental coverage. Executive director Peter Lee says the additional cost appears to be on issue. \"A lot of folks are low income,\" he said. \"They’re thinking additional coverage versus food on the table.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California's board voted Thursday to make a change. Starting in 2015 all medical plans for children sold through the marketplace will be required to include dental coverage.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Hamilton of The Children's Partnership, an advocacy group, said she was \"very pleased, very excited by the 180 degree turn\" that the board took.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that many people misunderstand how severe dental disease can be in children and its connection to overall medical health. \"If kids have dental disease, their nutrition is impaired because they can't eat properly,\" she said. She added that children miss school due to pain and dental infections. The pain may lead to poor sleep -- and sleep deprived children have more trouble paying attention in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some dental insurers disagreed with the board's move. Delta Dental’s Jeff Album says the change will encourage medical insurers to partner with less-expensive HMO dental plans that may have a limited number of providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That means everyone in 2014 in a PPO stands a very good chance of losing their dentist,\" Album said. \"They’re going to have about half the choice that they have today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamilton agreed that availability of providers is an issue. She said that Covered California and the Department of Health Care Services, which oversees the state's Medi-Cal program, still must work \"to ensure that networks are adequate and that families have access to dentists in their communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California says it may allow people to buy extra dental coverage if they want to keep their dentist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/131188848&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It was a big debate last summer. While children's dental coverage is one of the Affordable Care Act's 10 essential health benefits, the ACA gives states the flexibility to offer the coverage in a stand alone plan. Covered California first required insurers to include children's dental, then told them to strip out the benefit, in favor of offering stand alone plans at an additional cost.\r\n\r\nNow the data is in. Less than one-third of enrolled children on Covered California through 2013 also has dental coverage. Executive director Peter Lee says the additional cost appears to be on issue. \"A lot of folks are low income,\" he said. \"They’re thinking additional coverage versus food on the table.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ianus/25545229/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17321\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/25545229_bd787b87db_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"(ianus/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(ianus/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lisa Aliferis and April Dembosky\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=517407004992284&set=a.517406901658961.1073741828.296960763703577&type=3&permPage=1\" target=\"_blank\">big debate\u003c/a> last summer. While children's dental coverage is one of the Affordable Care Act's 10 essential health benefits, the ACA gives states the flexibility to offer the coverage in a stand alone plan. Covered California first required insurers to include children's dental, then told them to strip out the benefit, in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/08/kids-dental-plans-cost-extra-in-new-health-marketplace/\" target=\"_blank\">offering stand alone plans\u003c/a> at an additional cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the data is in. Less than one-third of enrolled children on Covered California through 2013 also has dental coverage. Executive director Peter Lee says the additional cost appears to be on issue. \"A lot of folks are low income,\" he said. \"They’re thinking additional coverage versus food on the table.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California's board voted Thursday to make a change. Starting in 2015 all medical plans for children sold through the marketplace will be required to include dental coverage.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Hamilton of The Children's Partnership, an advocacy group, said she was \"very pleased, very excited by the 180 degree turn\" that the board took.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that many people misunderstand how severe dental disease can be in children and its connection to overall medical health. \"If kids have dental disease, their nutrition is impaired because they can't eat properly,\" she said. She added that children miss school due to pain and dental infections. The pain may lead to poor sleep -- and sleep deprived children have more trouble paying attention in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some dental insurers disagreed with the board's move. Delta Dental’s Jeff Album says the change will encourage medical insurers to partner with less-expensive HMO dental plans that may have a limited number of providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That means everyone in 2014 in a PPO stands a very good chance of losing their dentist,\" Album said. \"They’re going to have about half the choice that they have today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamilton agreed that availability of providers is an issue. She said that Covered California and the Department of Health Care Services, which oversees the state's Medi-Cal program, still must work \"to ensure that networks are adequate and that families have access to dentists in their communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California says it may allow people to buy extra dental coverage if they want to keep their dentist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/131188848&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/hunterji/4054275272/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17245\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/4054275272_489ecb436b_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Children should always use a booster seat until they are big enough to fit in a seat belt properly. (Joshua & Amber/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children should always use a booster seat until they are big enough to fit in a seat belt properly. (Joshua & Amber/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Lau, MD\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many studies have shown that parents don't always use carseats and booster seats, and their kids could be at increased risk in a crash. A new study published this week shows that non-white children have particularly low use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from The University of Michigan surveyed 601 parents about their car seat usage for 1 to 12-year-old children that received treatment at the emergency room. They found that non-white parents were nearly four times less likely to use appropriate child car restraints than white parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors and policy makers have known of this disparity and attributed it to socioeconomic variables. But the new study shows that differences remained even after accounting for education and income.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have suggested that racial disparities in restraint use are due to differences in socioeconomic status,” said lead author Dr. Michelle Macy, a pediatrician at the University of Michigan, in an email. “Our results demonstrate the answer is more complicated than that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, the authors noted that because race continues to be a \"significant predictor\" of appropriate car seat usage, \"suggests that modifiable factors not measured in our study, such as parental knowledge, motivation, barriers, and sociocultural norms, may contribute to disparities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that income and education are not the only factors when accounting for differences in racial and socio-economic disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Injury prevention often suffers with greater social stress,” said Dr. Lee Sanders, co-director of Stanford's Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention. “Factors like single-parent families and greater number of kids can make it difficult to keep up with changes from kid to kid.” Both of these factors are associated with lower socio-economic status and were not directly accounted for in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laws on injury prevention vary from state to state which may make it difficult for anyone, but particularly adults with greater social stressors, to track what kind of car seat is appropriate at what age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State laws generally fall short of ‘optimal’ child passenger safety recommendations,” said Dr. Macy. This may be due in part to state legislators lagging behind recent changes to the American Academy of Pediatric \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/03/21/peds.2011-0213.full.pdf+html\">guidelines\u003c/a> released in March 2011 that place greater emphasis on child size than child age when determining when to transition from car seats, booster seats, and ultimately the front seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep kids in a rear seat whenever possible,\" said Dr. Macy, \"using a rear-facing car seat beyond 1 year and until the child outgrows the car seat’s rear-facing weight or height limit.\" She added that children should be in a booster seat from the time they outgrow their forward-facing car seat -- until an adult seat belt \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/boosterseatlawposterEng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">fits properly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having the proper car seat and knowing how to use it is one thing, but getting your kids to stay in them is another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the most effective methods is to tell the kids that you won’t start the car until they are safely in their seat,” said Dr. Sanders, “and don’t let the kid trying to get out of their seat or complaining, fool you into thinking they are safe without their child seat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of race, proper child passenger restraint use is known to save lives. California has been one of the leaders in keeping\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/CPSinCalifornia-VOSP.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> its guidelines up-to-date\u003c/a> with the American Academy of Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Many studies have shown that parents don't always use carseats and booster seats, and their kids could be at increased risk in a crash. A new study published this week shows that non-white children have particularly low use.\r\n\r\nResearchers from The University of Michigan surveyed 601 parents about their car seat usage for 1 to 12-year-old children that received treatment at the emergency room. They found that non-white parents were nearly four times less likely to use appropriate child car restraints than white parents.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/hunterji/4054275272/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17245\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/4054275272_489ecb436b_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Children should always use a booster seat until they are big enough to fit in a seat belt properly. (Joshua & Amber/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children should always use a booster seat until they are big enough to fit in a seat belt properly. (Joshua & Amber/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Lau, MD\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many studies have shown that parents don't always use carseats and booster seats, and their kids could be at increased risk in a crash. A new study published this week shows that non-white children have particularly low use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from The University of Michigan surveyed 601 parents about their car seat usage for 1 to 12-year-old children that received treatment at the emergency room. They found that non-white parents were nearly four times less likely to use appropriate child car restraints than white parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors and policy makers have known of this disparity and attributed it to socioeconomic variables. But the new study shows that differences remained even after accounting for education and income.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have suggested that racial disparities in restraint use are due to differences in socioeconomic status,” said lead author Dr. Michelle Macy, a pediatrician at the University of Michigan, in an email. “Our results demonstrate the answer is more complicated than that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, the authors noted that because race continues to be a \"significant predictor\" of appropriate car seat usage, \"suggests that modifiable factors not measured in our study, such as parental knowledge, motivation, barriers, and sociocultural norms, may contribute to disparities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that income and education are not the only factors when accounting for differences in racial and socio-economic disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Injury prevention often suffers with greater social stress,” said Dr. Lee Sanders, co-director of Stanford's Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention. “Factors like single-parent families and greater number of kids can make it difficult to keep up with changes from kid to kid.” Both of these factors are associated with lower socio-economic status and were not directly accounted for in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laws on injury prevention vary from state to state which may make it difficult for anyone, but particularly adults with greater social stressors, to track what kind of car seat is appropriate at what age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State laws generally fall short of ‘optimal’ child passenger safety recommendations,” said Dr. Macy. This may be due in part to state legislators lagging behind recent changes to the American Academy of Pediatric \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/03/21/peds.2011-0213.full.pdf+html\">guidelines\u003c/a> released in March 2011 that place greater emphasis on child size than child age when determining when to transition from car seats, booster seats, and ultimately the front seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep kids in a rear seat whenever possible,\" said Dr. Macy, \"using a rear-facing car seat beyond 1 year and until the child outgrows the car seat’s rear-facing weight or height limit.\" She added that children should be in a booster seat from the time they outgrow their forward-facing car seat -- until an adult seat belt \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/boosterseatlawposterEng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">fits properly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having the proper car seat and knowing how to use it is one thing, but getting your kids to stay in them is another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the most effective methods is to tell the kids that you won’t start the car until they are safely in their seat,” said Dr. Sanders, “and don’t let the kid trying to get out of their seat or complaining, fool you into thinking they are safe without their child seat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of race, proper child passenger restraint use is known to save lives. California has been one of the leaders in keeping\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/CPSinCalifornia-VOSP.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> its guidelines up-to-date\u003c/a> with the American Academy of Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How California's Mentally Ill Children Suffer – Few Hospital Beds Statewide",
"title": "How California's Mentally Ill Children Suffer – Few Hospital Beds Statewide",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>CORRECTION: Due to a reporting error, the original version of this story incorrectly identified John Muir Medical Center, Concord as the facility where Maria Ramirez's granddaughter was taken. We regret that error. The post has been edited so that it no longer contains the incorrect information.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Elaine Korry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Ramirez began caring for her granddaughter when the girl was just a toddler. Her granddaughter began hurting herself -- cutting her arms and swallowing things -- before she was 10. Soon, says Ramirez, she couldn't let the girl out of her sight. “She was running in front of cars, just really impulsive,” says Ramirez. “It was out of control, and I was really scared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramirez has a job and health insurance, so she did what any parent or guardian would do: she took her granddaughter to her local hospital for treatment. But instead of finding help, she always got the same reply, “No beds, no beds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramirez, a Bay Area artist who loves gardening, says she knew early on that her granddaughter was going to need help. “She was a hard child to make smile. She was very serious,” says Ramirez.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was also very anxious. The girl couldn't leave the bathroom if there was water in the tub. A wrinkled bedspread could ruin her day. By the time she was 12 she was taking medication and seeing a therapist. But she was not getting better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then one day she stabbed herself. Ramirez rushed her to a psychiatric emergency service, where she remained for days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It had been five days, and she was not getting helped,” says Ramirez. “She was confined. There was no intervention, there was no therapy, there were no services. There was nothing.“\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally the girl was admitted to a child psychiatric facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Regional Planning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Stallings is the chief operations officer at John Muir Behavioral Health Center in Contra Costa County and expert on child mental health care. She, says the scarcity of hospital beds is a problem throughout California. “We have 12 child beds here at John Muir Behavioral Health, and they are occupied all the time from all over the state,” says Stallings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stallings, a psychiatric nurse, also chairs the California Hospital Association Center for Behavioral Health. The CHA has been sounding an alarm over the steady loss of hospital beds for adult and child psychiatric emergencies. In the entire state there are now fewer than 100 beds reserved for children 12 and under. Most of those beds are in the Bay Area or the Los Angeles basin; the overwhelming majority of California's 58 counties have no beds at all for your children experiencing a psychiatric emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16767\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 269px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calhospital.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/psych_bed_data_14.pdf\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-16767 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/Screen-Shot-2013-12-16-at-9.25.34-PM-300x334.png\" alt=\"In California, 47 of 58 counties have no child or adolescent inpatient psychiatric hospital beds. This map was created by the California Hospital Association using 2011 state data.\" width=\"269\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In California, 47 of 58 counties have no child or adolescent inpatient psychiatric hospital beds. This map was created by the California Hospital Association using 2011 state data.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This didn't happen overnight, according to Stallings. Lawmakers decentralized mental health care in the 1990s, which gave counties more local control -- at the expense of regional planning. Both private and county hospitals started closing psychiatric wards to save money. “There is no planning process,” says Stallings. “They just expect me to absorb these patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since John Muir's beds are always occupied, local children can wind up stalled in the ER, like Ramirez' granddaughter. Or they are sent far away, where their parents can't visit or attend family therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a problem officials in some counties are working to address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gail Price was appointed to the Santa Clara County Mental Health Board after her own son's psychiatric emergency. Now she co-chairs of the Family, Adolescents & Children’s Committee At 17 he had an episode of bipolar mania, which took the entire family by surprise. “It is very anxiety-producing, and most people are not prepared for this,” says Price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price was shocked to find that wealthy Santa Clara County doesn't have a single hospital psychiatric bed for adolescents. So she rallied all her connections and finally got her son admitted to a hospital about an hour away. He’s doing better now, but Price never forgot the experience. “We're comfortable. We speak English; we have transportation and resources. We were very fortunate, but I often think of individuals who did not have the advantages we had,” says Price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the hospital closures were done with the best intentions: public health officials and some mental health advocates insist psychiatric patients respond better to treatment in community settings, instead of being locked in a hospital. Price says that may be true for stable patients, but in a real emergency such as her son’s, Price says people need more structured intervention. Not only that, she adds, budget cuts have left most county services, including mental health, in tatters. “Frankly, I think it's a lack of political will,” says Price. “The data's there, and it's clear we have a moral responsibility to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When mental illness is treated, people can recover. But left untreated, their jobs and relationships can suffer. Many people with a serious mental illness wind up homeless or in jail. Earlier this year, state lawmakers recognized that after years of deep budget cuts, they needed to shore up the mental health system. Under the leadership of Sen. Darrel Steinberg, (D-Sacramento), the legislature approved $206 million in new mental health funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What's lacking in the system is the crisis beds that allow somebody to get stable and the people who can help somebody get from those settings to a place where they can begin to get help,” says Steinberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramirez's granddaughter now lives in a psychiatric residential program for teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This is the second of three stories about psychiatric inpatient services airing this week on \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Report.\u003c/a> In part one, reporter Elaine Korry looked at the lack of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/16/sharp-drop-in-psychiatric-beds-leaves-severely-mentally-ill-with-few-places-to-go/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">psychiatric inpatient services for adults\u003c/a>. In part three, Korry looks at how \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/18/after-years-of-decline-more-psychiatric-resources-coming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new mental health fundin\u003c/a>g will be implemented.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>CORRECTION: Due to a reporting error, the original version of this story incorrectly identified John Muir Medical Center, Concord as the facility where Maria Ramirez's granddaughter was taken. We regret that error. The post has been edited so that it no longer contains the incorrect information.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Elaine Korry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Ramirez began caring for her granddaughter when the girl was just a toddler. Her granddaughter began hurting herself -- cutting her arms and swallowing things -- before she was 10. Soon, says Ramirez, she couldn't let the girl out of her sight. “She was running in front of cars, just really impulsive,” says Ramirez. “It was out of control, and I was really scared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramirez has a job and health insurance, so she did what any parent or guardian would do: she took her granddaughter to her local hospital for treatment. But instead of finding help, she always got the same reply, “No beds, no beds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramirez, a Bay Area artist who loves gardening, says she knew early on that her granddaughter was going to need help. “She was a hard child to make smile. She was very serious,” says Ramirez.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was also very anxious. The girl couldn't leave the bathroom if there was water in the tub. A wrinkled bedspread could ruin her day. By the time she was 12 she was taking medication and seeing a therapist. But she was not getting better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then one day she stabbed herself. Ramirez rushed her to a psychiatric emergency service, where she remained for days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It had been five days, and she was not getting helped,” says Ramirez. “She was confined. There was no intervention, there was no therapy, there were no services. There was nothing.“\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally the girl was admitted to a child psychiatric facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Regional Planning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Stallings is the chief operations officer at John Muir Behavioral Health Center in Contra Costa County and expert on child mental health care. She, says the scarcity of hospital beds is a problem throughout California. “We have 12 child beds here at John Muir Behavioral Health, and they are occupied all the time from all over the state,” says Stallings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stallings, a psychiatric nurse, also chairs the California Hospital Association Center for Behavioral Health. The CHA has been sounding an alarm over the steady loss of hospital beds for adult and child psychiatric emergencies. In the entire state there are now fewer than 100 beds reserved for children 12 and under. Most of those beds are in the Bay Area or the Los Angeles basin; the overwhelming majority of California's 58 counties have no beds at all for your children experiencing a psychiatric emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16767\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 269px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calhospital.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/psych_bed_data_14.pdf\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-16767 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/Screen-Shot-2013-12-16-at-9.25.34-PM-300x334.png\" alt=\"In California, 47 of 58 counties have no child or adolescent inpatient psychiatric hospital beds. This map was created by the California Hospital Association using 2011 state data.\" width=\"269\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In California, 47 of 58 counties have no child or adolescent inpatient psychiatric hospital beds. This map was created by the California Hospital Association using 2011 state data.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This didn't happen overnight, according to Stallings. Lawmakers decentralized mental health care in the 1990s, which gave counties more local control -- at the expense of regional planning. Both private and county hospitals started closing psychiatric wards to save money. “There is no planning process,” says Stallings. “They just expect me to absorb these patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since John Muir's beds are always occupied, local children can wind up stalled in the ER, like Ramirez' granddaughter. Or they are sent far away, where their parents can't visit or attend family therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a problem officials in some counties are working to address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gail Price was appointed to the Santa Clara County Mental Health Board after her own son's psychiatric emergency. Now she co-chairs of the Family, Adolescents & Children’s Committee At 17 he had an episode of bipolar mania, which took the entire family by surprise. “It is very anxiety-producing, and most people are not prepared for this,” says Price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price was shocked to find that wealthy Santa Clara County doesn't have a single hospital psychiatric bed for adolescents. So she rallied all her connections and finally got her son admitted to a hospital about an hour away. He’s doing better now, but Price never forgot the experience. “We're comfortable. We speak English; we have transportation and resources. We were very fortunate, but I often think of individuals who did not have the advantages we had,” says Price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the hospital closures were done with the best intentions: public health officials and some mental health advocates insist psychiatric patients respond better to treatment in community settings, instead of being locked in a hospital. Price says that may be true for stable patients, but in a real emergency such as her son’s, Price says people need more structured intervention. Not only that, she adds, budget cuts have left most county services, including mental health, in tatters. “Frankly, I think it's a lack of political will,” says Price. “The data's there, and it's clear we have a moral responsibility to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When mental illness is treated, people can recover. But left untreated, their jobs and relationships can suffer. Many people with a serious mental illness wind up homeless or in jail. Earlier this year, state lawmakers recognized that after years of deep budget cuts, they needed to shore up the mental health system. Under the leadership of Sen. Darrel Steinberg, (D-Sacramento), the legislature approved $206 million in new mental health funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What's lacking in the system is the crisis beds that allow somebody to get stable and the people who can help somebody get from those settings to a place where they can begin to get help,” says Steinberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramirez's granddaughter now lives in a psychiatric residential program for teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This is the second of three stories about psychiatric inpatient services airing this week on \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Report.\u003c/a> In part one, reporter Elaine Korry looked at the lack of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/16/sharp-drop-in-psychiatric-beds-leaves-severely-mentally-ill-with-few-places-to-go/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">psychiatric inpatient services for adults\u003c/a>. In part three, Korry looks at how \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/18/after-years-of-decline-more-psychiatric-resources-coming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new mental health fundin\u003c/a>g will be implemented.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UC Berkeley Research: Yes, Your Toddler Really Is Smarter Than a 5-Year-Old",
"title": "UC Berkeley Research: Yes, Your Toddler Really Is Smarter Than a 5-Year-Old",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/160586342-e1385425694883.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16415\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/160586342-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Children under age 2 can reason abstractly, UC Berkeley researchers show. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children under age 2 can reason abstractly, UC Berkeley researchers show. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/25/247160180/yes-your-toddler-really-is-smarter-than-a-5-year-old?ft=1&f=1128&utm_content=socialflow&utm_campaign=nprhealth&utm_source=health&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents, does your 18-month-old seem wise beyond her years? Science says you're not fooling yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very small children can reason abstractly, researchers say, and are able to infer the relationships between objects that elude older children who get caught up on the concreteness of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In experiments at the U.C. Berkeley, children as young as 18 months were able to figure out the relationship between colored blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child would watch a researcher put two blocks on top of a box. If the blocks were identical, the box would play music. The majority of children were able to figure out the pattern after they were shown it just three times. They would then help the researcher pick the correct block.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toddlers did much better at this task than do chimpanzees and other primates. The non-human primates have to practice doing the task themselves thousands of times to figure it out. And even then, it's only with lots of treats thrown in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not such a big surprise. What really got the researchers' attention is that the diaper set did better at this sort of abstract thinking than children who were just a few years older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Older kids tend to be really bad at analogies,\" says Caren Walker, a graduate student at in cognitive development who led the study. It was \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/11/22/0956797613502983.abstract\">published\u003c/a> online in the journal \u003cem>Psychological Science\u003c/em>. She says that older children tend to focus on the objects rather than the relationships between them. \"Learning may actually harm these kids' abilities to do abstract reasoning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker is working in the lab of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/25/247160180/In%20experiments%20at%20the%20University%20of%20California,%20Berkeley,%20children%20as%20young%20as%2018%20month%20were%20able%20to%20figure%20out%20the%20relationship%20between%20colored%20blocks.%20The%20child%20would%20watch%20a%20researcher%20put%20two%20blocks%20on%20top%20of%20a%20box.%20If%20the%20blocks%20were%20identical,%20the%20box%20would%20play%20music.%20The%20majority%20of%20children%20were%20able%20to%20figure%20out%20the%20pattern%20after%20they%20were%20shown%20it%20three%20times.%20The%20toddlers%20do%20much%20better%20at%20this%20task%20than%20do%20chimpanzees%20and%20other%20primates.%20They%20have%20to%20practice%20doing%20the%20task%20themselves%20thousands%20of%20times%20to%20figure%20it%20out.%20And%20even%20then,%20it's%20only%20with%20lots%20of%20treats%20thrown%20in.%20That's%20not%20such%20a%20big%20surprise.%20What%20really%20got%20the%20researchers%20attention%20is%20that%20the%20diaper%20set%20does%20better%20at%20this%20sort%20of%20abstract%20thinking%20than%20children%20who%20are%207%20or%208.%20%20\">Alison Gopnik\u003c/a>, a developmental psychologist who has made a career out of devising experiments that reveal the inner thoughts of children still too young to talk. Her take is that babies are smart, and in many ways smarter than adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this experiment, the box actually hides a wireless doorbell, and the researcher moving the blocks controls the music by tapping a hidden button with her foot. But the illusion of control is compelling, not just for the toddlers but for the parents who watch the experiment with their children, Walker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers tested their hypothesis by running the same experiment but letting the children see only one of the pair of blocks. They couldn't get the right answer more often than they would by chance. By contrast, 61 percent of the children got it right when they could see the blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a third variation, almost 80 percent were able to correctly deduce that they needed to choose sets of blocks that included pairs if they were going to do the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even as incredibly young children, 18-month-olds are extremely powerful little learning machines,\" Walker told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker and Gopnik are repeating the same experiment with older children, to see if they do indeed lose this very early ability to think abstractly, only to regain it later in the context of language and culture.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Parents, does your 18-month-old seem wise beyond her years? Science says you're not fooling yourself.\r\n\r\nVery small children can reason abstractly, researchers say, and are able to infer the relationships between objects that elude older children who get caught up on the concreteness of things.\r\n\r\nIn experiments at the U.C. Berkeley, children as young as 18 months were able to figure out the relationship between colored blocks.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/160586342-e1385425694883.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16415\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/160586342-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Children under age 2 can reason abstractly, UC Berkeley researchers show. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children under age 2 can reason abstractly, UC Berkeley researchers show. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/25/247160180/yes-your-toddler-really-is-smarter-than-a-5-year-old?ft=1&f=1128&utm_content=socialflow&utm_campaign=nprhealth&utm_source=health&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents, does your 18-month-old seem wise beyond her years? Science says you're not fooling yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very small children can reason abstractly, researchers say, and are able to infer the relationships between objects that elude older children who get caught up on the concreteness of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In experiments at the U.C. Berkeley, children as young as 18 months were able to figure out the relationship between colored blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child would watch a researcher put two blocks on top of a box. If the blocks were identical, the box would play music. The majority of children were able to figure out the pattern after they were shown it just three times. They would then help the researcher pick the correct block.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toddlers did much better at this task than do chimpanzees and other primates. The non-human primates have to practice doing the task themselves thousands of times to figure it out. And even then, it's only with lots of treats thrown in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not such a big surprise. What really got the researchers' attention is that the diaper set did better at this sort of abstract thinking than children who were just a few years older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Older kids tend to be really bad at analogies,\" says Caren Walker, a graduate student at in cognitive development who led the study. It was \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/11/22/0956797613502983.abstract\">published\u003c/a> online in the journal \u003cem>Psychological Science\u003c/em>. She says that older children tend to focus on the objects rather than the relationships between them. \"Learning may actually harm these kids' abilities to do abstract reasoning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker is working in the lab of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/25/247160180/In%20experiments%20at%20the%20University%20of%20California,%20Berkeley,%20children%20as%20young%20as%2018%20month%20were%20able%20to%20figure%20out%20the%20relationship%20between%20colored%20blocks.%20The%20child%20would%20watch%20a%20researcher%20put%20two%20blocks%20on%20top%20of%20a%20box.%20If%20the%20blocks%20were%20identical,%20the%20box%20would%20play%20music.%20The%20majority%20of%20children%20were%20able%20to%20figure%20out%20the%20pattern%20after%20they%20were%20shown%20it%20three%20times.%20The%20toddlers%20do%20much%20better%20at%20this%20task%20than%20do%20chimpanzees%20and%20other%20primates.%20They%20have%20to%20practice%20doing%20the%20task%20themselves%20thousands%20of%20times%20to%20figure%20it%20out.%20And%20even%20then,%20it's%20only%20with%20lots%20of%20treats%20thrown%20in.%20That's%20not%20such%20a%20big%20surprise.%20What%20really%20got%20the%20researchers%20attention%20is%20that%20the%20diaper%20set%20does%20better%20at%20this%20sort%20of%20abstract%20thinking%20than%20children%20who%20are%207%20or%208.%20%20\">Alison Gopnik\u003c/a>, a developmental psychologist who has made a career out of devising experiments that reveal the inner thoughts of children still too young to talk. Her take is that babies are smart, and in many ways smarter than adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this experiment, the box actually hides a wireless doorbell, and the researcher moving the blocks controls the music by tapping a hidden button with her foot. But the illusion of control is compelling, not just for the toddlers but for the parents who watch the experiment with their children, Walker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers tested their hypothesis by running the same experiment but letting the children see only one of the pair of blocks. They couldn't get the right answer more often than they would by chance. By contrast, 61 percent of the children got it right when they could see the blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a third variation, almost 80 percent were able to correctly deduce that they needed to choose sets of blocks that included pairs if they were going to do the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even as incredibly young children, 18-month-olds are extremely powerful little learning machines,\" Walker told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker and Gopnik are repeating the same experiment with older children, to see if they do indeed lose this very early ability to think abstractly, only to regain it later in the context of language and culture.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Even California's Pre-School Age Kids Eating Fast Food Regularly",
"title": "Even California's Pre-School Age Kids Eating Fast Food Regularly",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16402\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/evelynishere/2680040875/in/photolist-55PUMi-5ue2Eo-5zhWzJ-5FSzot-6MwXA8-6MwYW6-6MB9Qh-6QkRDz-6R1EiV-7aevWD-fsEipJ-d6Uq7f-cGjGgd-93camm-cACFUQ-d6Uqz3-8vEmbQ-8TFvsy-8iy4GF-9HfC5X-7NLyiN-8iB9y7-8pEEqE-8EWxED-9PpjHa-hE7eti-bqdqsu-8tbsQg-9Ppkc2-bWprkY-aatXRF-aau7y8-aax5jb-aatRZt-aatUpR-aawMPu-aawRLj-aaujU8-aawMkw-aawEx9-aawGzN-aawJDq-aawSRG-aau5wR-aawLF9-aax6A7-aax9rY-aatT6Z-aawJhw-aawXBs-aaunEZ/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16402\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/2680040875_7ace1b2e72_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"(EvelynGiggles/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(EvelynGiggles/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of children between the ages of two to five years old eat fast-food at least once a week in California, according to \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/search/pages/detail.aspx?PubID=1236\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> released Monday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study gathered data from the 2007 and 2009 \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/CHIS/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Health Interview Survey \u003c/a>and found that 60 percent of children are eating fast food at least once a week, and one in 10 is eating three fast food meals a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s too high for me,” says Susan Holtby, the lead author of the study and a senior researcher at the Public Health Institute in Oakland. “To have that many children that young eating fast food every week calls for attention. Those are the years where you really set the pace and set the tone for what a child’s diet will be like going forward to teens years.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">One in three children and adolescents\u003c/a> in the U.S. are either overweight or obese -- which increases their risk of eventually developing Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and a host of other health problems. Holtby says previous research has shown the link between fast food consumption and obesity, so cutting down the amount of fast foods young kids eat may help curb the country’s obesity epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that children who are overweight when they’re very young can continue to be overweight,” Holtby said. “That can be more difficult to reverse once you get to the pre-teen puberty years. To a set a course like that in a child’s life is really doing a disservice to health effects later on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study shows fast food consumption is even higher for children in low-income families or communities of color. Latino children eat the most fast food -- about 70 percent eat it at least once a week. In California, half of all children under the age of five are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCLA study also shows that Asian children are eating less fruits and vegetables than kids in other ethnic groups. Forty percent of Asian families reported their child ate at least five fruits and vegetables the previous day, compared to a 57 percent state average. Holtby says while Asian children are below the other groups, fruit and vegetable consumption needs to be bumped up for all kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One easy things parents and daycare providers can do is provide fruit instead of fruit juice,” Holtby says. “Fruit juice is really high in sugars. When it’s pressed to make juice a lot of the nutritional value is gone. Present the fruit in a way that kids like to eat. If you hand a kid an apple in his or her lunch tray, they might not eat it. If you slice it up they’re more likely to eat it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also looked at soda intake. The more fast food young kids eat, the more they’re likely to drink soda. But overall, soda consumption for this age group has dropped drastically in the past few years. Holtby says the\u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/_PDFs/sb_677.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> 2003 California law\u003c/a> banning sodas in schools sent a strong public health message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking sodas out of schools was a huge move,” she says. “Kids spend a lot of time in school each day and if they don’t have access to soda, it’s just reducing the number of hours in the day they have to drink it. We can’t show causality but certainly the soda bans runs parallel to the decline in soda consumption. The recent McDonald’s announcement saying that they’re not going to provide soda with Happy Meals any more shows that in the fat food industry there is a shift in what consumers want. It’s not a top down industry decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says California was already looking at banning fast foods from being sold in public schools, but that was put on hold while the national set of standards were being formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there are ways to tie the public dollars to policies that promote healthy policies,” Holtby says. “[Public] schools are a really good place to start because they are implemented in one large arena.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says her research group focused between the ages of two to five because what children in this age group eat sets the stage for they’ll eat when they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As these kids grow older they’re out of the house more and are able to get food on their own,” says Holtby. “Parents have control over what their two to five-year-olds eat. As their kids get older, they have less control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says improving a young child’s eating habits can improve a family’s eating habits overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer you wait to introduce high fat, high salt, and sugary foods, the less likely they’ll eat it. If that food is not in the home, you’re not going to eat it either.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Two-thirds of children between the ages of two to five years old eat fast-food at least once a week in California, according to a study released Monday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\r\n\r\nThe study gathered data from the 2007 and 2009 California Health Interview Survey and found that 60 percent of children are eating fast food at least once a week, and one in 10 is eating three fast food meals a week.",
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"description": "Two-thirds of children between the ages of two to five years old eat fast-food at least once a week in California, according to a study released Monday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\r\n\r\nThe study gathered data from the 2007 and 2009 California Health Interview Survey and found that 60 percent of children are eating fast food at least once a week, and one in 10 is eating three fast food meals a week.",
"title": "Even California's Pre-School Age Kids Eating Fast Food Regularly | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16402\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/evelynishere/2680040875/in/photolist-55PUMi-5ue2Eo-5zhWzJ-5FSzot-6MwXA8-6MwYW6-6MB9Qh-6QkRDz-6R1EiV-7aevWD-fsEipJ-d6Uq7f-cGjGgd-93camm-cACFUQ-d6Uqz3-8vEmbQ-8TFvsy-8iy4GF-9HfC5X-7NLyiN-8iB9y7-8pEEqE-8EWxED-9PpjHa-hE7eti-bqdqsu-8tbsQg-9Ppkc2-bWprkY-aatXRF-aau7y8-aax5jb-aatRZt-aatUpR-aawMPu-aawRLj-aaujU8-aawMkw-aawEx9-aawGzN-aawJDq-aawSRG-aau5wR-aawLF9-aax6A7-aax9rY-aatT6Z-aawJhw-aawXBs-aaunEZ/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16402\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/2680040875_7ace1b2e72_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"(EvelynGiggles/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(EvelynGiggles/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of children between the ages of two to five years old eat fast-food at least once a week in California, according to \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/search/pages/detail.aspx?PubID=1236\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> released Monday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study gathered data from the 2007 and 2009 \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/CHIS/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Health Interview Survey \u003c/a>and found that 60 percent of children are eating fast food at least once a week, and one in 10 is eating three fast food meals a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s too high for me,” says Susan Holtby, the lead author of the study and a senior researcher at the Public Health Institute in Oakland. “To have that many children that young eating fast food every week calls for attention. Those are the years where you really set the pace and set the tone for what a child’s diet will be like going forward to teens years.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">One in three children and adolescents\u003c/a> in the U.S. are either overweight or obese -- which increases their risk of eventually developing Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and a host of other health problems. Holtby says previous research has shown the link between fast food consumption and obesity, so cutting down the amount of fast foods young kids eat may help curb the country’s obesity epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that children who are overweight when they’re very young can continue to be overweight,” Holtby said. “That can be more difficult to reverse once you get to the pre-teen puberty years. To a set a course like that in a child’s life is really doing a disservice to health effects later on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study shows fast food consumption is even higher for children in low-income families or communities of color. Latino children eat the most fast food -- about 70 percent eat it at least once a week. In California, half of all children under the age of five are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCLA study also shows that Asian children are eating less fruits and vegetables than kids in other ethnic groups. Forty percent of Asian families reported their child ate at least five fruits and vegetables the previous day, compared to a 57 percent state average. Holtby says while Asian children are below the other groups, fruit and vegetable consumption needs to be bumped up for all kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One easy things parents and daycare providers can do is provide fruit instead of fruit juice,” Holtby says. “Fruit juice is really high in sugars. When it’s pressed to make juice a lot of the nutritional value is gone. Present the fruit in a way that kids like to eat. If you hand a kid an apple in his or her lunch tray, they might not eat it. If you slice it up they’re more likely to eat it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also looked at soda intake. The more fast food young kids eat, the more they’re likely to drink soda. But overall, soda consumption for this age group has dropped drastically in the past few years. Holtby says the\u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/_PDFs/sb_677.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> 2003 California law\u003c/a> banning sodas in schools sent a strong public health message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking sodas out of schools was a huge move,” she says. “Kids spend a lot of time in school each day and if they don’t have access to soda, it’s just reducing the number of hours in the day they have to drink it. We can’t show causality but certainly the soda bans runs parallel to the decline in soda consumption. The recent McDonald’s announcement saying that they’re not going to provide soda with Happy Meals any more shows that in the fat food industry there is a shift in what consumers want. It’s not a top down industry decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says California was already looking at banning fast foods from being sold in public schools, but that was put on hold while the national set of standards were being formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there are ways to tie the public dollars to policies that promote healthy policies,” Holtby says. “[Public] schools are a really good place to start because they are implemented in one large arena.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says her research group focused between the ages of two to five because what children in this age group eat sets the stage for they’ll eat when they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As these kids grow older they’re out of the house more and are able to get food on their own,” says Holtby. “Parents have control over what their two to five-year-olds eat. As their kids get older, they have less control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says improving a young child’s eating habits can improve a family’s eating habits overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer you wait to introduce high fat, high salt, and sugary foods, the less likely they’ll eat it. If that food is not in the home, you’re not going to eat it either.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Last Phase of Transition: Rural Californians Move to Medi-Cal Managed Care ",
"title": "Last Phase of Transition: Rural Californians Move to Medi-Cal Managed Care ",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5429\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/04/Redwoods_BenRamirez_Flickr_04262012-e1383937340166.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-5429\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/04/Redwoods_BenRamirez_Flickr_04262012-620x465.jpg\" alt=\"(Ben Ramirez: Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"465\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Ben Ramirez/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By David Gorn\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/insight/2013/as-healthy-families-shift-goes-so-goes-rural-expansion-of-medical-managed-care\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural Californians already have challenges accessing health care and changes to Medi-Cal, the state's Medicaid program, could further complicate matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural areas have fewer physicians and facilities and services are spread out over greater distances than they are in urban and suburban areas. Rural areas also have a disproportionately high number of lower-income, Medi-Cal-eligible residents which creates a challenging situation for state health officials charged with providing medical coverage in rural settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"The rollout has gone relatively smoothly, but the access to providers -- that's a real question still.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 1, the state launched an ambitious plan to transition Medi-Cal beneficiaries in rural areas from fee-for-service care arrangements to managed care plans. The move shifts 28 rural counties to the financial model the state is using throughout the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Nov. 1, the state launched the last phase of its Healthy Families transition -- moving children in rural counties to Medi-Cal managed care. Healthy Families is California's Children's Health Insurance Program.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been scattered, anecdotal reports that parents can't find available physicians for their children because some doctors who had participated in Healthy Families won't be making the switch to the Medi-Cal managed care model, which pays lower rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Half the State's Children Eligible for Medi-Cal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Hardy has long been concerned about children. As director of health policy for Children Now, Hardy has kept a careful eye on the transition of 860,000 children from Healthy Families to Medi-Cal managed care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do think [state health officials] deserve some credit. The rollout has gone relatively smoothly,\" Hardy said. \"But the access to providers, especially in rural and underserved areas, that's a real question still.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children are the proverbial canary in the coal mine of rural counties' shift to Medi-Cal managed care, she said. Healthy Families offered providers higher reimbursement rates than Medi-Cal, and physicians now stand to lose significant money by caring for Medi-Cal children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are a lot of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials estimate roughly 4.5 million children are in Medi-Cal. About half of all births in California are covered through Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're at a new point where about half of the kids in the state are Medi-Cal kids. It speaks to the stakes we're talking about, that we better get this right,\" Hardy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for problems is greater in rural areas with a higher percentage of lower-income Californians, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am just amazed by the numbers we're talking about,\" Hardy said. \"That speaks to the dedication of the providers, that all of those children get care, and it speaks to the level of outreach by the Department of Health Care Services, as well,\" to make sure kids can get care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But really, at the root, they just need to pay more for the care,\" Hardy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Access Issues in Some Rural Counties?\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardy and other children's advocates say it's too early to provide big-picture statistics, but they've heard reports of provider network inadequacy in Lassen, Placer and Imperial counties so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In some counties, especially those served by Partnership HealthPlan, things seem to be going well,\" said Suzie Shupe, executive director of California Coverage and Health Initiatives, a not-for-profit children's advocacy group. Partnership HealthPlan, based in Fairfield, is one of six nonprofit, county-organized health systems in the state. It serves 14 counties in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other parts of the state, there have been reports of access issues, Shupe said. But it's impossible to know the extent of the problem \"because the information available to families about how to get help and how to report such problems has been so thin,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think what we're seeing now is a lack of providers,\" Hardy noted. \"It looks like few or no providers switched from Healthy Families over to Medi-Cal managed care. That's what we're hearing, rather than confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are saying there's a non-existent network here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is news to Jane Ogle, deputy director at DHCS. \"We haven't heard of any problems in Placer or Lassen [counties] at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHCS officials are monitoring rural counties especially carefully right now, looking for complaints or trouble, and they haven't received many negative reports, Ogle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was concern in Imperial County, Ogle said, where one plan's provider network wasn't up in time for the transition rollout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Imperial County we only had one plan, so Molina (Healthcare) agreed to be another provider for us,\" Ogle said. \"So for them it was a tight timeline to line up that provider network.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the provider network contracts were signed, Molina bought full-page advertisements in the local newspaper to alert residents, Ogle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From our point of view, it has gone very well,\" Ogle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Two Transition Efforts Are Linked\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ogle said both transitions -- the rural expansion into Medi-Cal managed care and the shift of Healthy Families children -- had to be done at the same time and be completed before January, when the Affordable Care Act will be fully implemented and the state's expands Medi-Cal eligibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to transition Healthy Families in the counties that have never had any managed care, and we wanted to open up managed care in rural counties at the same time,\" Ogle said. \"To allow for that expansion, we wanted to do it at the same time. If we only moved the relatively small population of Healthy Families children in rural areas, we would not have had the numbers to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you add in the rural expansion of the adult population, she said, \"then there are sufficient numbers to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under managed care, Californians should have access to more services, Ogle said. \"Making sure they get ... immunizations done, ... and having access standards, that kind of thing,\" she said, \"none of which is in fee-for-service.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the size and scope of the Healthy Families transition this year, the overall smoothness and success so far has been remarkable, Ogle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know there will always be individual and anecdotal issues,\" Ogle said. \"But we transitioned 900,000 children, and by and large it's been a good, smooth transition for them, and they're now well-placed for the [ACA and Medi-Cal] expansion to occur.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardy agreed that the rollout has gone well, and she gives DHCS officials a lot of praise for that. The children in rural areas, though, may encounter problems in the months ahead, she said. Because children use medical services less often than adults, the effect on access might not be immediately clear, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't seen a big smoking gun, and we're really thankful we haven't seen a big smoking gun,\" Hardy said, \"but we're still concerned about sneaky issues like continuity of care and network adequacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Lassen County, for instance, there's only one federally qualified health center in the entire county, she said, so the wiggle room for network inadequacy is razor-thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a high percentage of children in the transition is able to maintain access to their preferred primary care physician, that's great, she said. However, that still leaves a group of children who did not get to remain with their physician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Access to care is still a huge concern,\" Hardy said. \"So if you think this is a great result for California's kids, your standards are way too low.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Rural Californians already have challenges accessing health care and changes to Medi-Cal, the state's Medicaid program, could further complicate matters.\r\n\r\nRural areas have fewer physicians and facilities and services are spread out over greater distances than they are in urban and suburban areas. Rural areas also have a disproportionately high number of lower-income, Medi-Cal-eligible residents which creates a challenging situation for state health officials charged with providing medical coverage in rural settings.",
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"description": "Rural Californians already have challenges accessing health care and changes to Medi-Cal, the state's Medicaid program, could further complicate matters.\r\n\r\nRural areas have fewer physicians and facilities and services are spread out over greater distances than they are in urban and suburban areas. Rural areas also have a disproportionately high number of lower-income, Medi-Cal-eligible residents which creates a challenging situation for state health officials charged with providing medical coverage in rural settings.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5429\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/04/Redwoods_BenRamirez_Flickr_04262012-e1383937340166.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-5429\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/04/Redwoods_BenRamirez_Flickr_04262012-620x465.jpg\" alt=\"(Ben Ramirez: Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"465\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Ben Ramirez/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By David Gorn\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/insight/2013/as-healthy-families-shift-goes-so-goes-rural-expansion-of-medical-managed-care\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural Californians already have challenges accessing health care and changes to Medi-Cal, the state's Medicaid program, could further complicate matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural areas have fewer physicians and facilities and services are spread out over greater distances than they are in urban and suburban areas. Rural areas also have a disproportionately high number of lower-income, Medi-Cal-eligible residents which creates a challenging situation for state health officials charged with providing medical coverage in rural settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"The rollout has gone relatively smoothly, but the access to providers -- that's a real question still.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 1, the state launched an ambitious plan to transition Medi-Cal beneficiaries in rural areas from fee-for-service care arrangements to managed care plans. The move shifts 28 rural counties to the financial model the state is using throughout the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Nov. 1, the state launched the last phase of its Healthy Families transition -- moving children in rural counties to Medi-Cal managed care. Healthy Families is California's Children's Health Insurance Program.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been scattered, anecdotal reports that parents can't find available physicians for their children because some doctors who had participated in Healthy Families won't be making the switch to the Medi-Cal managed care model, which pays lower rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Half the State's Children Eligible for Medi-Cal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Hardy has long been concerned about children. As director of health policy for Children Now, Hardy has kept a careful eye on the transition of 860,000 children from Healthy Families to Medi-Cal managed care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do think [state health officials] deserve some credit. The rollout has gone relatively smoothly,\" Hardy said. \"But the access to providers, especially in rural and underserved areas, that's a real question still.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children are the proverbial canary in the coal mine of rural counties' shift to Medi-Cal managed care, she said. Healthy Families offered providers higher reimbursement rates than Medi-Cal, and physicians now stand to lose significant money by caring for Medi-Cal children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are a lot of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials estimate roughly 4.5 million children are in Medi-Cal. About half of all births in California are covered through Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're at a new point where about half of the kids in the state are Medi-Cal kids. It speaks to the stakes we're talking about, that we better get this right,\" Hardy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for problems is greater in rural areas with a higher percentage of lower-income Californians, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am just amazed by the numbers we're talking about,\" Hardy said. \"That speaks to the dedication of the providers, that all of those children get care, and it speaks to the level of outreach by the Department of Health Care Services, as well,\" to make sure kids can get care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But really, at the root, they just need to pay more for the care,\" Hardy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Access Issues in Some Rural Counties?\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardy and other children's advocates say it's too early to provide big-picture statistics, but they've heard reports of provider network inadequacy in Lassen, Placer and Imperial counties so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In some counties, especially those served by Partnership HealthPlan, things seem to be going well,\" said Suzie Shupe, executive director of California Coverage and Health Initiatives, a not-for-profit children's advocacy group. Partnership HealthPlan, based in Fairfield, is one of six nonprofit, county-organized health systems in the state. It serves 14 counties in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other parts of the state, there have been reports of access issues, Shupe said. But it's impossible to know the extent of the problem \"because the information available to families about how to get help and how to report such problems has been so thin,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think what we're seeing now is a lack of providers,\" Hardy noted. \"It looks like few or no providers switched from Healthy Families over to Medi-Cal managed care. That's what we're hearing, rather than confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are saying there's a non-existent network here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is news to Jane Ogle, deputy director at DHCS. \"We haven't heard of any problems in Placer or Lassen [counties] at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHCS officials are monitoring rural counties especially carefully right now, looking for complaints or trouble, and they haven't received many negative reports, Ogle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was concern in Imperial County, Ogle said, where one plan's provider network wasn't up in time for the transition rollout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Imperial County we only had one plan, so Molina (Healthcare) agreed to be another provider for us,\" Ogle said. \"So for them it was a tight timeline to line up that provider network.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the provider network contracts were signed, Molina bought full-page advertisements in the local newspaper to alert residents, Ogle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From our point of view, it has gone very well,\" Ogle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Two Transition Efforts Are Linked\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ogle said both transitions -- the rural expansion into Medi-Cal managed care and the shift of Healthy Families children -- had to be done at the same time and be completed before January, when the Affordable Care Act will be fully implemented and the state's expands Medi-Cal eligibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to transition Healthy Families in the counties that have never had any managed care, and we wanted to open up managed care in rural counties at the same time,\" Ogle said. \"To allow for that expansion, we wanted to do it at the same time. If we only moved the relatively small population of Healthy Families children in rural areas, we would not have had the numbers to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you add in the rural expansion of the adult population, she said, \"then there are sufficient numbers to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under managed care, Californians should have access to more services, Ogle said. \"Making sure they get ... immunizations done, ... and having access standards, that kind of thing,\" she said, \"none of which is in fee-for-service.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the size and scope of the Healthy Families transition this year, the overall smoothness and success so far has been remarkable, Ogle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know there will always be individual and anecdotal issues,\" Ogle said. \"But we transitioned 900,000 children, and by and large it's been a good, smooth transition for them, and they're now well-placed for the [ACA and Medi-Cal] expansion to occur.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardy agreed that the rollout has gone well, and she gives DHCS officials a lot of praise for that. The children in rural areas, though, may encounter problems in the months ahead, she said. Because children use medical services less often than adults, the effect on access might not be immediately clear, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't seen a big smoking gun, and we're really thankful we haven't seen a big smoking gun,\" Hardy said, \"but we're still concerned about sneaky issues like continuity of care and network adequacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Lassen County, for instance, there's only one federally qualified health center in the entire county, she said, so the wiggle room for network inadequacy is razor-thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a high percentage of children in the transition is able to maintain access to their preferred primary care physician, that's great, she said. However, that still leaves a group of children who did not get to remain with their physician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Access to care is still a huge concern,\" Hardy said. \"So if you think this is a great result for California's kids, your standards are way too low.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Study Finds Girls Entering Puberty Younger; Obesity Implicated",
"title": "Study Finds Girls Entering Puberty Younger; Obesity Implicated",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16054\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/50781677-2-e1383511143227.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16054\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/50781677-2-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"Retailer J.C. Penney features a Girls Plus clothing department tailored to overweight girls in this April, 2004 photo. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retailer J.C. Penney features a Girls Plus clothing department tailored to overweight girls. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Building on earlier research a major new study has found that girls are starting puberty at even younger ages. The most significant changes were seen in Caucasian girls and in girls who are overweight or obese. Still, girls who were not overweight were also entering puberty younger, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at three sites around the country -- including the San Francisco Bay Area -- followed 1,239 ethnically diverse girls from 2004 to 2011. They looked at breast development, a key marker for the start of puberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Girls who mature earlier are at risk for lower self-esteem and higher rates of depression.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Earlier studies had shown that African-American girls had reached this milestone at younger ages. \"Now it looks like it's happening earlier for Caucasian girls,\" said Dr. Louise Greenspan, a pediatric endocrinologist with Kaiser San Francisco and one of the authors of the study. \"Particularly, the overweight Caucasian girls are developing earlier than they have in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers looked at a number of factors, but the \"obesity epidemic appears to be a prime driver in the decrease in age at onset of breast development,\" the authors wrote. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers cannot say that being overweight or obese actually causes the earlier development, but there are biological reasons to suggest how body fat could contribute to the change. \"Fat makes hormones,\" Greenspan noted, \"and the hormones that are being made by the fat might also be generating high enough levels to make true breast development.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenspan specified \"true\" breast development, because their research was based on examining girls at least annually during the 7-year study period as opposed to other studies which had relied on observation. \"That's been a major criticism of prior studies,\" Greenspan said. \"Because when you look at a girl's chest, you can't tell whether there's fat tissue or true breast development, and our study was different because we examined the girls physically and were able to feel the difference between fat and real breast tissue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/future/132/6#MONTHLYFEATURE\" target=\"_blank\">Onset of Breast Development in a Longitudinal Cohort\u003c/a>, was published online Monday in the journal Pediatrics. It was funded by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Differences noted by ethnicity and race\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://children.webmd.com/tc/growth-and-development-ages-11-to-14-years-what-to-expect\" target=\"_blank\">Common sources\u003c/a> for health information often list puberty as starting around age 11 for girls. But in 1997, a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/99/4/505.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">landmark study \u003c/a>concluded that puberty was starting earlier, and African-American girls in particular were entering puberty younger than their peers. This study found average ages for the even-earlier breast development as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>8.76 years for African-American girls\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>9.23 years for Hispanic girls\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>9.62 years for Caucasian\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>9.92 years for Asian-American girls\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>This study is essentially the first to determine onset of puberty for Asian-American girls, although their study sample was still small. \"Previous studies have largely focused on the white/black difference,\" said Lawrence Kushi, Directory of Scientific Policy at Kaiser's Division of Research and the principal investigator for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cygnetstudy.com/component/content/category/8-about-cygnet\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco site\u003c/a> in this report. Hispanic girls have been somewhat more represented in prior studies than Asian-American girls, and Hispanic girls have \"shifted to somewhat younger ages,\" Kushi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big difference is in Caucasian girls. The average age of breast development for them was four months earlier than seen in the 1997 study, and that's \"a pretty significant reduction\" on a percentage basis, says Greenspan, since puberty only lasts two to three years. But that's the average. The more obese girls had a \"greater shift,\" Kushi said. Some of these heavier girls were entering puberty close to a year earlier than previously reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-American girls appeared to be \"holding steady\" compared to earlier studies, said Greenspan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's not clear from this study is if girls are also having their first period at a younger age. The research team has been following this group of girls since they were ages 6 to 8. Now they are 14 to 16. The researchers plan to analyze ages of the girls' first period once all the girls in the study have reached that milestone. \"One question we have,\" Greenspan said, \"is puberty starting earlier and ending earlier so there's an entire shift to an earlier age; or is puberty starting earlier and ending at the same time?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Psychological and physical health risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This earlier onset of puberty puts girls at risk for certain mental and physical health issues. From the study:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Girls with earlier maturation are at risk for lower self-esteem and higher rates of depression. They are more likely to be influenced by older peers and more deviant peers, and initiate intercourse, substance use and other norm-breaking behaviors at younger ages.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Many schools include classes about puberty and sexuality in 5th or 6th grade, Greenspan noted. But according to this new data, many girls are entering puberty in 3rd or 4th grade. This creates a \"real disconnect between the timing of girls' puberty and the timing of the education they receive about the puberty and their bodies in general.\" She argued for splitting the subject matter and teaching girls about puberty in the earlier grades and leaving sexuality for the later grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Girls who enter puberty younger are at higher risk for developing certain cancers as adults, including breast cancer -- possibly because earlier puberty increases exposure to estrogen, a known breast cancer risk. Greenspan hopes that the researchers will continue to receive funding to follow the girls into adulthood, which could yield better understanding of breast cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also collected blood and urine samples from the girls at the beginning of the study and are analyzing certain chemicals to see what associations there may be between chemicals and breast development. They are looking at \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/archives/archive.php?thingId=141118712\" target=\"_blank\">Bisphenol A \u003c/a>(BPA), flame retardants, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Phthalates_FactSheet.html\" target=\"_blank\">phthalates\u003c/a>, heavy metals and chemicals used in nonstick cookware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karuna Jagger, executive director of Breast Cancer Action, a San Francisco-based advocacy group, called the study \"very important\" especially since causes of breast cancer are not fully understood, she said. She wants to know if chemical exposure means \"creating breasts that are susceptible to future insult and higher risk of breast cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Living with uncertainty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/future/132/6#COMMENTARIES\" target=\"_blank\">accompanying commentary\u003c/a> in Pediatrics, Marcia Herman-Giddens, lead researcher in the 1997 study, said that we may have to \"live with uncertainty\" for a long time, since the \"exact trigger for pubertal initiation is still unknown.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herman-Giddens agreed that \"considerable research\" implicates obesity as a factor in the declining age of onset of puberty, but also points to other complex changes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Extensive interacting variables are known to be associated with earlier development in addition to weight and genetics: certain intrauterine conditions and exposures, preschool high-meat diets, dairy products, low fiber intake, isoflavones, high-stress families, absent fathers, certain endocrine disruptors, the microbiome as it influences weight, epigenetics, light exposure, hormone-laced hair products, insulin resistance, activity level, geographical location, and others.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This study did not look at boys. Greenspan noted there's \"mixed data\" for them, some suggesting boys are going through puberty earlier, some not. Further investigation needs to be done on boys, she said. \"The issue is that the chemicals or even fat may have a different effect on boys' puberty because [boys] have a different set of hormones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated with additional information about the range in onset of puberty for Caucasian girls.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Building on earlier research a major new study has found that girls are starting puberty at even younger ages. The most significant changes were seen in Caucasian girls and in girls who are overweight or obese. Still, girls who were not overweight were also entering puberty younger, the study found.\r\n\r\nResearchers at three sites around the country -- including the San Francisco Bay Area -- followed 1,239 ethnically diverse girls from 2004 to 2011. They looked at breast development, a key marker for the start of puberty.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16054\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/50781677-2-e1383511143227.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16054\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/50781677-2-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"Retailer J.C. Penney features a Girls Plus clothing department tailored to overweight girls in this April, 2004 photo. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retailer J.C. Penney features a Girls Plus clothing department tailored to overweight girls. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Building on earlier research a major new study has found that girls are starting puberty at even younger ages. The most significant changes were seen in Caucasian girls and in girls who are overweight or obese. Still, girls who were not overweight were also entering puberty younger, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at three sites around the country -- including the San Francisco Bay Area -- followed 1,239 ethnically diverse girls from 2004 to 2011. They looked at breast development, a key marker for the start of puberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Girls who mature earlier are at risk for lower self-esteem and higher rates of depression.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Earlier studies had shown that African-American girls had reached this milestone at younger ages. \"Now it looks like it's happening earlier for Caucasian girls,\" said Dr. Louise Greenspan, a pediatric endocrinologist with Kaiser San Francisco and one of the authors of the study. \"Particularly, the overweight Caucasian girls are developing earlier than they have in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers looked at a number of factors, but the \"obesity epidemic appears to be a prime driver in the decrease in age at onset of breast development,\" the authors wrote. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers cannot say that being overweight or obese actually causes the earlier development, but there are biological reasons to suggest how body fat could contribute to the change. \"Fat makes hormones,\" Greenspan noted, \"and the hormones that are being made by the fat might also be generating high enough levels to make true breast development.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenspan specified \"true\" breast development, because their research was based on examining girls at least annually during the 7-year study period as opposed to other studies which had relied on observation. \"That's been a major criticism of prior studies,\" Greenspan said. \"Because when you look at a girl's chest, you can't tell whether there's fat tissue or true breast development, and our study was different because we examined the girls physically and were able to feel the difference between fat and real breast tissue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/future/132/6#MONTHLYFEATURE\" target=\"_blank\">Onset of Breast Development in a Longitudinal Cohort\u003c/a>, was published online Monday in the journal Pediatrics. It was funded by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Differences noted by ethnicity and race\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://children.webmd.com/tc/growth-and-development-ages-11-to-14-years-what-to-expect\" target=\"_blank\">Common sources\u003c/a> for health information often list puberty as starting around age 11 for girls. But in 1997, a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/99/4/505.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">landmark study \u003c/a>concluded that puberty was starting earlier, and African-American girls in particular were entering puberty younger than their peers. This study found average ages for the even-earlier breast development as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>8.76 years for African-American girls\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>9.23 years for Hispanic girls\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>9.62 years for Caucasian\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>9.92 years for Asian-American girls\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>This study is essentially the first to determine onset of puberty for Asian-American girls, although their study sample was still small. \"Previous studies have largely focused on the white/black difference,\" said Lawrence Kushi, Directory of Scientific Policy at Kaiser's Division of Research and the principal investigator for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cygnetstudy.com/component/content/category/8-about-cygnet\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco site\u003c/a> in this report. Hispanic girls have been somewhat more represented in prior studies than Asian-American girls, and Hispanic girls have \"shifted to somewhat younger ages,\" Kushi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big difference is in Caucasian girls. The average age of breast development for them was four months earlier than seen in the 1997 study, and that's \"a pretty significant reduction\" on a percentage basis, says Greenspan, since puberty only lasts two to three years. But that's the average. The more obese girls had a \"greater shift,\" Kushi said. Some of these heavier girls were entering puberty close to a year earlier than previously reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-American girls appeared to be \"holding steady\" compared to earlier studies, said Greenspan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's not clear from this study is if girls are also having their first period at a younger age. The research team has been following this group of girls since they were ages 6 to 8. Now they are 14 to 16. The researchers plan to analyze ages of the girls' first period once all the girls in the study have reached that milestone. \"One question we have,\" Greenspan said, \"is puberty starting earlier and ending earlier so there's an entire shift to an earlier age; or is puberty starting earlier and ending at the same time?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Psychological and physical health risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This earlier onset of puberty puts girls at risk for certain mental and physical health issues. From the study:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Girls with earlier maturation are at risk for lower self-esteem and higher rates of depression. They are more likely to be influenced by older peers and more deviant peers, and initiate intercourse, substance use and other norm-breaking behaviors at younger ages.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Many schools include classes about puberty and sexuality in 5th or 6th grade, Greenspan noted. But according to this new data, many girls are entering puberty in 3rd or 4th grade. This creates a \"real disconnect between the timing of girls' puberty and the timing of the education they receive about the puberty and their bodies in general.\" She argued for splitting the subject matter and teaching girls about puberty in the earlier grades and leaving sexuality for the later grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Girls who enter puberty younger are at higher risk for developing certain cancers as adults, including breast cancer -- possibly because earlier puberty increases exposure to estrogen, a known breast cancer risk. Greenspan hopes that the researchers will continue to receive funding to follow the girls into adulthood, which could yield better understanding of breast cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also collected blood and urine samples from the girls at the beginning of the study and are analyzing certain chemicals to see what associations there may be between chemicals and breast development. They are looking at \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/archives/archive.php?thingId=141118712\" target=\"_blank\">Bisphenol A \u003c/a>(BPA), flame retardants, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Phthalates_FactSheet.html\" target=\"_blank\">phthalates\u003c/a>, heavy metals and chemicals used in nonstick cookware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karuna Jagger, executive director of Breast Cancer Action, a San Francisco-based advocacy group, called the study \"very important\" especially since causes of breast cancer are not fully understood, she said. She wants to know if chemical exposure means \"creating breasts that are susceptible to future insult and higher risk of breast cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Living with uncertainty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/future/132/6#COMMENTARIES\" target=\"_blank\">accompanying commentary\u003c/a> in Pediatrics, Marcia Herman-Giddens, lead researcher in the 1997 study, said that we may have to \"live with uncertainty\" for a long time, since the \"exact trigger for pubertal initiation is still unknown.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herman-Giddens agreed that \"considerable research\" implicates obesity as a factor in the declining age of onset of puberty, but also points to other complex changes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Extensive interacting variables are known to be associated with earlier development in addition to weight and genetics: certain intrauterine conditions and exposures, preschool high-meat diets, dairy products, low fiber intake, isoflavones, high-stress families, absent fathers, certain endocrine disruptors, the microbiome as it influences weight, epigenetics, light exposure, hormone-laced hair products, insulin resistance, activity level, geographical location, and others.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This study did not look at boys. Greenspan noted there's \"mixed data\" for them, some suggesting boys are going through puberty earlier, some not. Further investigation needs to be done on boys, she said. \"The issue is that the chemicals or even fat may have a different effect on boys' puberty because [boys] have a different set of hormones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated with additional information about the range in onset of puberty for Caucasian girls.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Recipe For Strong Teen Bones: Exercise, Calcium and Vitamin D",
"title": "Recipe For Strong Teen Bones: Exercise, Calcium and Vitamin D",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15872\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/39255507@N03/4566653777/in/photolist-7Xxi4X-7XxipH-7XAxqo-7XxihR-7Xxion-7Xxicp-7XxijP-7XxhYi-awfLC9-fEG3yB-fEYAfj-fEYC2G-fEYAgY-fEG4vp-fEG2MB-fEG4uc-fEG3zH-fEYAgE-fEYB55-fEYC2W-fEYAgb-fEG3A4-fEG3y2-fEG3xP-7Qw4Yw-7Qw4LN-7QsJKt-7QsJDV-7QsJFP-7Qw4QQ-7QsJCD-7Qw4P1-7Qw4SC-KSPPn-KSPXp-KSEEj-KSEU5-KSQ5T-KSQ4K-KSPNc-KSEM3-KSPRM-KSENE-KSQdX-KSEKE-KSPLX-KSEA1-KSQbe-KSPTg-KSESY-KSPYk\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15872\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/4566653777_3def509bde_o-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Exercise helps build strong bones for a lifetime, says one expert. (KG Sand Soccer/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Exercise helps build strong bones for a lifetime, says one expert. (KG Sand Soccer/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Patti Neighmond\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/28/240553878/the-recipe-for-strong-teenage-bones-exercise-calcium-and-d\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's really only a sliver of time when humans build the bulk of their skeleton. At age 9, the bones start a big growth spurt. And by the time puberty ends, around 14 or 15 years old, the adult-sized skeleton is all but done, about 90 percent complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors say a lot of children aren't getting what they need to do that. Calcium and vitamin D are essential, sure, but so is lots of time jumping and running.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It's the magic window of time when bone is built.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It's the magic window of time when bone is built,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrensnational.org/departmentsandprograms/default.aspx?Id=6112&Type=Program&Name=Bone%20Health%20Program\">Dr. Laura Tosi\u003c/a>, an orthopedic surgeon who directs the pediatric bone health program at Children's National Health system in Washington, D.C. And when it comes to bones, \"bigger is definitely better,\" she says. \"The wider and thicker the bone, the harder it is to break or tear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just about everybody knows that calcium and vitamin D are essential to build strong bones. But children and teenagers are all too often shunning the foods that would help them get enough calcium and vitamin D to build those bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials recommend that children between the ages of 9 and 18 get 1,300 milligrams of calcium every day. That translates into four to five glasses of milk or the equivalent. According to \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Neville_Golden/\">Dr. Neville Golden\u003c/a>, an adolescent medicine specialist at the Stanford University School of Medicine, most teens are not drinking anywhere near that amount.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 15 percent of high school students are drinking milk, according to a 2011 federal\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6104a1.htm\">survey\u003c/a>. And only about 9 percent of girls do. In part that's because milk drinking is viewed as \"uncool,\" says Golden, and teens, particularly girls, often think of milk as fattening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not true, he says. One glass of skim milk contains no fat and approximately 80 calories, about the same caloric content as an apple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Now of course there are other sources of calcium — yogurt and cheese, for example. But lots of kids think those are fattening, too, Golden says. And while vegetables can be a source of calcium, you'd have to eat an awful lot of them to reach the recommended levels — one cup of broccoli has just 42 mg of calcium. Fortunately, there are other food sources, including fortified orange juice, breakfast cereals and tofu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calcium supplements are often recommended for adults to meet their recommended daily requirement. But for kids, Golden says, it's far better to eat calcium-rich foods. That's because the body absorbs calcium better from food than it does from supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if boys and girls get the recommended amount of calcium, if they're not also getting vitamin D it won't make a difference. \"You can drink as much calcium as you like, but if you don't have enough vitamin D, you're not going to absorb it,\" Golden says. The vitamin, which is actually a hormone, interacts with the lining of the stomach and intestines to help calcium get absorbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the Institute of Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-calcium-and-vitamin-D.aspx\">said\u003c/a> that children and most adults need 600 international units of vitamin D a day. They found no evidence of widespread vitamin D deficiency, though people these days spend much less time out in the sun, which stimulates the body's production of vitamin D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vitamin D is found in foods like fatty fish such as salmon and sardines, but teenage girls were least likely of all age groups to get enough vitamin D in food, according to a 2010 \u003ca href=\"http://jn.nutrition.org/content/140/4/817.full?sid=462ff172-96d3-455d-8958-cf4941c10251\">study\u003c/a>. One interesting point, says Golden: Farmed salmon is not as vitamin D rich as wild-caught salmon. And like calcium, vitamin D is added to foods like milk and orange juice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a teenager still isn't getting enough vitamin D from fish, milk and other healthy foods, Golden says, a reasonable workaround is taking supplements of about 400 international units per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the secret ingredient to building strong bones for a lifetime is exercise, says orthopedic surgeon Tosi. One \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1359/jbmr.061205/full\">study\u003c/a> found that when children jumped up and down between classes, totaling about 15 minutes a day, they added mass to their leg bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bounce is what's important, Tosi says. \"We think the bounce probably sends an electrical or other signal right up the skeleton, saying, 'OK, time to give more, time to build more bone.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, jumping, jogging, tennis and basketball are all good options. Federal health officials suggest kids get at least one hour of exercise every day.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It's really only a sliver of time when humans build the bulk of their skeleton. At age 9, the bones start a big growth spurt. And by the time puberty ends, around 14 or 15 years old, the adult-sized skeleton is all but done, about 90 percent complete.\r\n\r\nBut doctors say a lot of children aren't getting what they need to do that. Calcium and vitamin D are essential, sure, but so is lots of time jumping and running.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15872\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/39255507@N03/4566653777/in/photolist-7Xxi4X-7XxipH-7XAxqo-7XxihR-7Xxion-7Xxicp-7XxijP-7XxhYi-awfLC9-fEG3yB-fEYAfj-fEYC2G-fEYAgY-fEG4vp-fEG2MB-fEG4uc-fEG3zH-fEYAgE-fEYB55-fEYC2W-fEYAgb-fEG3A4-fEG3y2-fEG3xP-7Qw4Yw-7Qw4LN-7QsJKt-7QsJDV-7QsJFP-7Qw4QQ-7QsJCD-7Qw4P1-7Qw4SC-KSPPn-KSPXp-KSEEj-KSEU5-KSQ5T-KSQ4K-KSPNc-KSEM3-KSPRM-KSENE-KSQdX-KSEKE-KSPLX-KSEA1-KSQbe-KSPTg-KSESY-KSPYk\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15872\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/4566653777_3def509bde_o-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Exercise helps build strong bones for a lifetime, says one expert. (KG Sand Soccer/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Exercise helps build strong bones for a lifetime, says one expert. (KG Sand Soccer/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Patti Neighmond\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/28/240553878/the-recipe-for-strong-teenage-bones-exercise-calcium-and-d\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's really only a sliver of time when humans build the bulk of their skeleton. At age 9, the bones start a big growth spurt. And by the time puberty ends, around 14 or 15 years old, the adult-sized skeleton is all but done, about 90 percent complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors say a lot of children aren't getting what they need to do that. Calcium and vitamin D are essential, sure, but so is lots of time jumping and running.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It's the magic window of time when bone is built.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It's the magic window of time when bone is built,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrensnational.org/departmentsandprograms/default.aspx?Id=6112&Type=Program&Name=Bone%20Health%20Program\">Dr. Laura Tosi\u003c/a>, an orthopedic surgeon who directs the pediatric bone health program at Children's National Health system in Washington, D.C. And when it comes to bones, \"bigger is definitely better,\" she says. \"The wider and thicker the bone, the harder it is to break or tear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just about everybody knows that calcium and vitamin D are essential to build strong bones. But children and teenagers are all too often shunning the foods that would help them get enough calcium and vitamin D to build those bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials recommend that children between the ages of 9 and 18 get 1,300 milligrams of calcium every day. That translates into four to five glasses of milk or the equivalent. According to \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Neville_Golden/\">Dr. Neville Golden\u003c/a>, an adolescent medicine specialist at the Stanford University School of Medicine, most teens are not drinking anywhere near that amount.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 15 percent of high school students are drinking milk, according to a 2011 federal\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6104a1.htm\">survey\u003c/a>. And only about 9 percent of girls do. In part that's because milk drinking is viewed as \"uncool,\" says Golden, and teens, particularly girls, often think of milk as fattening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not true, he says. One glass of skim milk contains no fat and approximately 80 calories, about the same caloric content as an apple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Now of course there are other sources of calcium — yogurt and cheese, for example. But lots of kids think those are fattening, too, Golden says. And while vegetables can be a source of calcium, you'd have to eat an awful lot of them to reach the recommended levels — one cup of broccoli has just 42 mg of calcium. Fortunately, there are other food sources, including fortified orange juice, breakfast cereals and tofu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calcium supplements are often recommended for adults to meet their recommended daily requirement. But for kids, Golden says, it's far better to eat calcium-rich foods. That's because the body absorbs calcium better from food than it does from supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if boys and girls get the recommended amount of calcium, if they're not also getting vitamin D it won't make a difference. \"You can drink as much calcium as you like, but if you don't have enough vitamin D, you're not going to absorb it,\" Golden says. The vitamin, which is actually a hormone, interacts with the lining of the stomach and intestines to help calcium get absorbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the Institute of Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-calcium-and-vitamin-D.aspx\">said\u003c/a> that children and most adults need 600 international units of vitamin D a day. They found no evidence of widespread vitamin D deficiency, though people these days spend much less time out in the sun, which stimulates the body's production of vitamin D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vitamin D is found in foods like fatty fish such as salmon and sardines, but teenage girls were least likely of all age groups to get enough vitamin D in food, according to a 2010 \u003ca href=\"http://jn.nutrition.org/content/140/4/817.full?sid=462ff172-96d3-455d-8958-cf4941c10251\">study\u003c/a>. One interesting point, says Golden: Farmed salmon is not as vitamin D rich as wild-caught salmon. And like calcium, vitamin D is added to foods like milk and orange juice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a teenager still isn't getting enough vitamin D from fish, milk and other healthy foods, Golden says, a reasonable workaround is taking supplements of about 400 international units per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the secret ingredient to building strong bones for a lifetime is exercise, says orthopedic surgeon Tosi. One \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1359/jbmr.061205/full\">study\u003c/a> found that when children jumped up and down between classes, totaling about 15 minutes a day, they added mass to their leg bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bounce is what's important, Tosi says. \"We think the bounce probably sends an electrical or other signal right up the skeleton, saying, 'OK, time to give more, time to build more bone.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, jumping, jogging, tennis and basketball are all good options. Federal health officials suggest kids get at least one hour of exercise every day.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Just One in Three Students Deemed \"Fit\" in State Evaluation",
"title": "Just One in Three Students Deemed \"Fit\" in State Evaluation",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15847\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/176683018-e1382634395430.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15847\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/176683018-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Among other issues, physical education programs and recess have been cut back in recent years because of budget cuts, (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Among other issues, physical education programs and recess have been cut back in recent years because of budget cuts, (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Jane Meredith Adams,\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.edsource.org/today/2013/one-in-three-students-makes-the-grade-in-state-fitness-test/40743#.UmlRbRZRYRk\" target=\"_blank\"> EdSource\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one in three California students earned a “fit” rating in the annual physical fitness test given to more than 1 million fifth, seventh and ninth grade students, according to 2012-13 test results released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 26 percent of fifth graders, 32 percent of seventh graders, and 37 percent of ninth graders scored in the “Healthy Fitness Zone,” a measure defined by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/pf/healthfitzones.asp\" target=\"_blank\">creators \u003c/a>of the \u003ca href=\"https://pftdata.org/files/2012-13_Reference_Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California Physical Fitness Test\u003c/a>, for all six areas: aerobic capacity, body composition, abdominal strength, trunk extensor strength, upper body strength, and flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the test, a 10-year-old boy, for example, would be evaluated on his ability to perform a minimum of 12 curl-ups and seven push-ups within a specified time and to run a mile as fast as possible, or run back and forth in a 20-meter distance for as long as possible. Students 13 and older are given the option of walking a mile as fast as possible.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical education programs and recess have been cut back in recent years because of budget cuts and the pressure to maximize classroom test preparation. Results of the fitness tests are available by county, school, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic level at the Department of Education’s \u003ca href=\"http://data1.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/\" target=\"_blank\">DataQuest website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, students made slight improvements in aerobic capacity and body mass index, compared to 2011-12 data, and held relatively steady in the measures of strength, endurance and flexibility. Nearly 94 percent of all students enrolled in fifth, seventh and ninth grade in public schools took the test – some 1.34 million students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m pleased to see the slow shift toward better health continue, but when only about a third of our students are physically fit, we are nowhere near the end of this effort,” State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson, who spoke about fitness on Wednesday at John Muir Fundamental Elementary School in Orange County, said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr13/yr13rel105.asp\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The simple fact is that healthy kids learn better,” Torlakson said. “To help them succeed in school and in life, California’s young people need more access to physical activity, fresh, healthy food, and clean water.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15847\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/176683018-e1382634395430.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15847\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/176683018-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Among other issues, physical education programs and recess have been cut back in recent years because of budget cuts, (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Among other issues, physical education programs and recess have been cut back in recent years because of budget cuts, (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Jane Meredith Adams,\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.edsource.org/today/2013/one-in-three-students-makes-the-grade-in-state-fitness-test/40743#.UmlRbRZRYRk\" target=\"_blank\"> EdSource\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one in three California students earned a “fit” rating in the annual physical fitness test given to more than 1 million fifth, seventh and ninth grade students, according to 2012-13 test results released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 26 percent of fifth graders, 32 percent of seventh graders, and 37 percent of ninth graders scored in the “Healthy Fitness Zone,” a measure defined by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/pf/healthfitzones.asp\" target=\"_blank\">creators \u003c/a>of the \u003ca href=\"https://pftdata.org/files/2012-13_Reference_Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California Physical Fitness Test\u003c/a>, for all six areas: aerobic capacity, body composition, abdominal strength, trunk extensor strength, upper body strength, and flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the test, a 10-year-old boy, for example, would be evaluated on his ability to perform a minimum of 12 curl-ups and seven push-ups within a specified time and to run a mile as fast as possible, or run back and forth in a 20-meter distance for as long as possible. Students 13 and older are given the option of walking a mile as fast as possible.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical education programs and recess have been cut back in recent years because of budget cuts and the pressure to maximize classroom test preparation. Results of the fitness tests are available by county, school, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic level at the Department of Education’s \u003ca href=\"http://data1.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/\" target=\"_blank\">DataQuest website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, students made slight improvements in aerobic capacity and body mass index, compared to 2011-12 data, and held relatively steady in the measures of strength, endurance and flexibility. Nearly 94 percent of all students enrolled in fifth, seventh and ninth grade in public schools took the test – some 1.34 million students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m pleased to see the slow shift toward better health continue, but when only about a third of our students are physically fit, we are nowhere near the end of this effort,” State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson, who spoke about fitness on Wednesday at John Muir Fundamental Elementary School in Orange County, said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr13/yr13rel105.asp\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The simple fact is that healthy kids learn better,” Torlakson said. “To help them succeed in school and in life, California’s young people need more access to physical activity, fresh, healthy food, and clean water.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Teens Slurping More Sugary Drinks ",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-15792\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea.jpg\" alt=\"Arizona Green Tea is popular with teens, but this 23.5 ounce can has 51 grams -- or more than one-third of a cup -- of sugar.(Jane Meredith Adams/EdSource)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arizona Green Tea is popular with teens, but this 23 ounce can has 51 grams -- or more than one-third of a cup -- of sugar. (Jane Meredith Adams/EdSource)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Jane Meredith Adams\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.edsource.org/today/2013/more-teens-drinking-sugary-beverages-study-finds/40531#.UmFrIxZRYRk\" target=\"_blank\">EdSource\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the clock ticks toward a 2014 federal ban on the sale of sports drinks at high schools, California teenagers are showing an increasing fondness for the sugary beverages, with an alarming 23 percent spike in the consumption of sports and energy drinks since 2005, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/_PDFs/stillbubblingover/PolicyBrief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, consumption of sugary drinks by young children is declining sharply, according to the study by researchers at the California Center for Public Health Advocacy and the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. The study tracked youth consumption of the beverages from 2005 to 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both trends – the surge in teens guzzling sugary drinks and the drop in consumption for younger children – are tied to regulations governing the sale of the beverages in California schools, said Harold Goldstein, executive director of the California Center for Public Health Advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking sodas out of schools contributed to a precipitous drop in consumption among younger kids,” he said, “while older kids have switched to sports drinks and energy drinks, and those products are available in schools.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, soda sales have been banned in elementary and middle schools since 2006 and in high schools since 2009, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=edc&group=49001-50000&file=49430-49436\" target=\"_blank\">a loophole \u003c/a>in the state education code allows the sale of electrolyte replacement beverages, otherwise known as sports drinks, in high school cafeterias, vending machines, snack bars and other on-campus venues. That loophole will close on July 1, 2014, when \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Governance/Legislation/allfoods_beverages.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">new regulations\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Agriculture take effect to ban the sale on school campuses of sugary sports and energy drinks that have more than 40 calories in 8 ounces or 60 calories in 12 ounces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means your typical 20-ounce Gatorade won’t be in schools,” said Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 65 percent of adolescents drink at least one sugary sports drink or soda a day, an 8 percent jump since an earlier survey tracking consumption habits, researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sodas, sport drinks should be \"treats,\" advocates say\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the close association between daily sugary beverage consumption and obesity, the rise is cause for alarm for schools that are working to address the effects of obesity on student attendance, self-esteem and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has made real progress in reducing the consumption of sugary beverages among young children,” said Susan Babey, the report’s lead author. “But teens are in trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said sodas and sports drinks should be regarded as occasional “treats,” not part of a daily meal plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s most encouraging finding was that young children are consuming markedly fewer sugary beverages. About 19 percent of 2- to 5-year-olds drink a sugary beverage every day, the study said, a 30 percent decline since the earlier survey. Among 6- to 11-year-olds, 32 percent are daily consumers, down 26 percent since 2005-2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was based on data collected in the \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/chis/about/Pages/about.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Health Interview Survey,\u003c/a> the nation’s largest state health survey. Researchers completed interviews with more than 40,000 households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Snapshot from one \"open campus\" high school\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, banning the beverages from schools won’t stop teenagers from finding the drinks. Some 75 percent of high school campuses in California are “closed” and don’t allow students to leave the grounds without supervision during the school day. “It’s the 25 percent we need to worry about it,” said Wootan at the Center for Science in the Public Interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Oakland Technical High School – which has an open campus policy allowing students to leave during lunch – many students sitting on the front lawn at lunchtime Thursday drank from water bottles, while other students returned from local stores with pizza and sugared beverages, including Arizona iced tea, Shasta Cola and a 7-11 Slurpee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many were well aware of the amount of sugar they were consuming, but didn’t feel it was a serious problem. One student said bottled water was more expensive than his canned iced tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I buy it because it tastes good,” said Will, a freshman carrying a can of Shasta Cola.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His friend, Ethan, had a 23.5-ounce can of Arizona Green Tea containing 51 grams of sugar. “This has a lot of sugar, but it’s better than soda,” Ethan said. “It’s Arizona and it’s green tea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public perception may hold that iced teas and fruit drinks are a better choice than sodas, yet high concentrations of sugar in the beverages make them something to consume in moderation, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/_PDFs/stillbubblingover/PolicyBrief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">counties \u003c/a>with the largest declines in percentage of youth drinking soda or other sugary beverages every day included Ventura County, with a 37 percent decrease since 2005; Yuba County, with a 32 percent decrease; and Napa County, with a 31 percent decrease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties with the largest increase in daily sugary drink consumption among youth of all ages were Lake County, with a 36 percent increase; Monterey County, with a 29 percent increase; and Solano County, with a 24 percent increase.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As the clock ticks toward a 2014 federal ban on the sale of sports drinks at high schools, California teenagers are showing an increasing fondness for the sugary beverages, with an alarming 23 percent spike in the consumption of sports and energy drinks since 2005, according to a new study.\r\n\r\nAt the same time, consumption of sugary drinks by young children is declining sharply, according to the study by researchers at the California Center for Public Health Advocacy and the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. The study tracked youth consumption of the beverages from 2005 to 2012.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-15792\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea.jpg\" alt=\"Arizona Green Tea is popular with teens, but this 23.5 ounce can has 51 grams -- or more than one-third of a cup -- of sugar.(Jane Meredith Adams/EdSource)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/10/oak-tech-ice-tea-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arizona Green Tea is popular with teens, but this 23 ounce can has 51 grams -- or more than one-third of a cup -- of sugar. (Jane Meredith Adams/EdSource)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Jane Meredith Adams\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.edsource.org/today/2013/more-teens-drinking-sugary-beverages-study-finds/40531#.UmFrIxZRYRk\" target=\"_blank\">EdSource\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the clock ticks toward a 2014 federal ban on the sale of sports drinks at high schools, California teenagers are showing an increasing fondness for the sugary beverages, with an alarming 23 percent spike in the consumption of sports and energy drinks since 2005, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/_PDFs/stillbubblingover/PolicyBrief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, consumption of sugary drinks by young children is declining sharply, according to the study by researchers at the California Center for Public Health Advocacy and the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. The study tracked youth consumption of the beverages from 2005 to 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both trends – the surge in teens guzzling sugary drinks and the drop in consumption for younger children – are tied to regulations governing the sale of the beverages in California schools, said Harold Goldstein, executive director of the California Center for Public Health Advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking sodas out of schools contributed to a precipitous drop in consumption among younger kids,” he said, “while older kids have switched to sports drinks and energy drinks, and those products are available in schools.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, soda sales have been banned in elementary and middle schools since 2006 and in high schools since 2009, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=edc&group=49001-50000&file=49430-49436\" target=\"_blank\">a loophole \u003c/a>in the state education code allows the sale of electrolyte replacement beverages, otherwise known as sports drinks, in high school cafeterias, vending machines, snack bars and other on-campus venues. That loophole will close on July 1, 2014, when \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Governance/Legislation/allfoods_beverages.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">new regulations\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Agriculture take effect to ban the sale on school campuses of sugary sports and energy drinks that have more than 40 calories in 8 ounces or 60 calories in 12 ounces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means your typical 20-ounce Gatorade won’t be in schools,” said Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 65 percent of adolescents drink at least one sugary sports drink or soda a day, an 8 percent jump since an earlier survey tracking consumption habits, researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sodas, sport drinks should be \"treats,\" advocates say\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the close association between daily sugary beverage consumption and obesity, the rise is cause for alarm for schools that are working to address the effects of obesity on student attendance, self-esteem and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has made real progress in reducing the consumption of sugary beverages among young children,” said Susan Babey, the report’s lead author. “But teens are in trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said sodas and sports drinks should be regarded as occasional “treats,” not part of a daily meal plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s most encouraging finding was that young children are consuming markedly fewer sugary beverages. About 19 percent of 2- to 5-year-olds drink a sugary beverage every day, the study said, a 30 percent decline since the earlier survey. Among 6- to 11-year-olds, 32 percent are daily consumers, down 26 percent since 2005-2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was based on data collected in the \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/chis/about/Pages/about.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Health Interview Survey,\u003c/a> the nation’s largest state health survey. Researchers completed interviews with more than 40,000 households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Snapshot from one \"open campus\" high school\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, banning the beverages from schools won’t stop teenagers from finding the drinks. Some 75 percent of high school campuses in California are “closed” and don’t allow students to leave the grounds without supervision during the school day. “It’s the 25 percent we need to worry about it,” said Wootan at the Center for Science in the Public Interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Oakland Technical High School – which has an open campus policy allowing students to leave during lunch – many students sitting on the front lawn at lunchtime Thursday drank from water bottles, while other students returned from local stores with pizza and sugared beverages, including Arizona iced tea, Shasta Cola and a 7-11 Slurpee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many were well aware of the amount of sugar they were consuming, but didn’t feel it was a serious problem. One student said bottled water was more expensive than his canned iced tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I buy it because it tastes good,” said Will, a freshman carrying a can of Shasta Cola.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His friend, Ethan, had a 23.5-ounce can of Arizona Green Tea containing 51 grams of sugar. “This has a lot of sugar, but it’s better than soda,” Ethan said. “It’s Arizona and it’s green tea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public perception may hold that iced teas and fruit drinks are a better choice than sodas, yet high concentrations of sugar in the beverages make them something to consume in moderation, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/_PDFs/stillbubblingover/PolicyBrief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">counties \u003c/a>with the largest declines in percentage of youth drinking soda or other sugary beverages every day included Ventura County, with a 37 percent decrease since 2005; Yuba County, with a 32 percent decrease; and Napa County, with a 31 percent decrease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties with the largest increase in daily sugary drink consumption among youth of all ages were Lake County, with a 36 percent increase; Monterey County, with a 29 percent increase; and Solano County, with a 24 percent increase.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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