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"content": "\u003cp>A third of the kids had finished their pancakes when camp counselor Bryan “The Lungs” Wegley hopped up to lead them in “The Penguin Song.” The children flapped their arms and shuffled their feet like snazzy Antarctic seabirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, when the room had grown quiet, another camp staffer showed a Smurf movie for 15 minutes worth of giggles, before everyone dashed off to swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 37 children attending this annual summer camp in Salinas, Calif., days packed with fun helped make doses of asthma education go down as smoothly as sweetened cough syrup. The kids attended the camp to frolic, but also to better understand the chronic lung disease that makes breathing more difficult for them and about \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsdata.org/topic/238/asthma/table#fmt=97&loc=2,127,1657,331,1656,171,1655,345,357,324,369,362,360,337,364,356,217,328,354,320,339,334,365,343,367,344,355,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,341,338,350,342,359,363,340,335&tf=89&sortColumnId=0&sortType=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1 in 6 California children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dust! Cockroaches! Cigarette smoke! Pets!” the kids yelled out in response to a question about what triggers their wheezing, shortness of breath and tightness in the chest. Some of the children, who ranged in age from 6 to 12, said they’d been to the emergency room multiple times. Asthma, if not properly treated, can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the children had been diagnosed when they were babies or toddlers and completely dependent on their parents or guardians. As they grow older and become physically less dependent on adults, they need to take more responsibility for managing their disease. \u003ca href=\"http://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(10)60377-8/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studies show\u003c/a> that asthma camps can instill knowledge and encourage habits that help children better control their conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the week, parents dropped their kids off in the morning and picked them up at the end of the day. But one of the highlights of the camp is the sleepover, held at a local elementary school. That’s when kids who want to can spend the night at camp without their parents. For those who do, it’s another step in assuming responsibility for their own health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our camp song says, ‘Your parents are not in charge of your asthma; you’re in charge of your asthma,’” said Sienna Grant, 9, as she climbed a ladder and prepared to swing rung to rung across a jungle gym. She used to be reluctant to stop playing, even for a puff of her inhaler. But now she’s learning “to take things more seriously,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma camps sprang up in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when there were far fewer medications to treat the condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no way to control or prevent asthma,” said Dr. Steven Prager, who is the camp’s medical director and a physician with the Salinas Valley Memorial Healthcare System, one of the camp’s co-sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of shooing kids out of the house to play, nervous parents often blocked their path, relegating asthmatic children to a summer on the couch, Prager said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some children, asthma camp can provide a safe space to play and learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hear from prior campers and their parents all the time that the camp helped the kids take a more active, productive role in the management of their asthma,” Prager said. Parents reported a decrease in school absences and emergency room visits after their kids attended the program, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Welch, a physician at Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, studied the effectiveness of asthma camps a decade ago, but he said there is little research on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(10)60377-8/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2007 study\u003c/a> co-authored by Welch found that a year after attending an asthma camp, kids had “assumed greater responsibility for taking their medication.” The study was based on a survey of nearly 1,800 participants at 24 asthma camps around the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welch noted that numerous camps cater to children with a wide range of chronic illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids learn right away that they’re not the only ones with this chronic disease, so they [feel] a little less abnormal, which is good for their self-esteem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a profusion of camps dedicated to other conditions, the number of asthma camps is dwindling, Welch said. There are 90 asthma camps across the country — a third fewer than a decade ago — serving about 4,000 children, according to Jill Heins Nesvold, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.asthmacamps.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Consortium on Children’s Asthma Camps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There used to be at least five \u003ca href=\"http://www.asthmacamps.org/campdetails.cfm?longst=California&state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asthma camps in California\u003c/a>, but in the past few years, two of them — one in Los Angeles and another in San Diego — have closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Funding has been a problem with keeping asthma camps alive,” said Welch, who was the medical director for more than three decades at the now-shuttered San Diego camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, he said, is that groups such as the American Lung Association have decided to focus their funding to research and lobbying, diverting it from direct community services like asthma camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salinas camp is funded by the Salinas Valley Memorial Healthcare System, \u003ca href=\"https://childrensmiraclenetworkhospitals.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Children’s Miracle Network\u003c/a> (CMN), a nonprofit that raises money for children’s hospitals nationwide, and individual donors. CMN gets most of its funding from corporate donors across a wide range of industries. The financial contributions help make the camp more affordable for families: Parents pay $55 per child, and scholarships are available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Salinas camp has benefited from a solid endowment over the years, “it’s slowly being whittled down,” Prager said. “At the moment, we’re fine, but it’s going to be a challenge in the years to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as long as asthma camps keep their doors open, children will likely attend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of the week, their confidence growing, about two-thirds of the Salinas campers tackled the overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds simple, but “many of these kids have never spent a night away from home,” Prager said. “It’s a big deal … and for the parents sometimes an even bigger deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dario Aldaco, 6, declared he would do the overnight even though his two older brothers — and running buddies — were skipping it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to do this, even if they don’t want to,” he told his mom, Aidee Aldaco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was anxiety central,” she said. “I asked him, ‘Are you sure? Without your brothers?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the big night, counselors stoked a fire pit near an outside play area and kids gathered around to socialize and munch s’mores. Later, inside the school’s gym, they unrolled sleeping bags and conked out on the floor, with counselors from the local YMCA and Prager nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, when the parents saw their kids had survived without them, they breathed a sigh of relief. On the final day, camp administrators asked the parents to vow that they would not curtail their children’s activities out of fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they said their goodbyes, campers left with a better understanding of their illness, newfound confidence and backpacks full of gadgets and meds to ease their breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dario came home with the confidence to ask his father not to smoke on the side of the house where the fumes get inside and can trigger his and his brothers’ asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dario’s older brother, Aaron, 8, who also attended the camp and has mild to moderate autism, began to use a new word: “independent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asthma camp had made him think twice about his mother’s plan to move closer to her children when they go off to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you move with me,” Aaron asked, “then how am I going to be independent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So,” Aidee Aldaco said with a chuckle, “my husband and I are not going to be able to follow them.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/author/pamela-k-johnson/\">\u003cstrong>Pamela K. Johnson\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> \u003c/span>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A third of the kids had finished their pancakes when camp counselor Bryan “The Lungs” Wegley hopped up to lead them in “The Penguin Song.” The children flapped their arms and shuffled their feet like snazzy Antarctic seabirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, when the room had grown quiet, another camp staffer showed a Smurf movie for 15 minutes worth of giggles, before everyone dashed off to swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 37 children attending this annual summer camp in Salinas, Calif., days packed with fun helped make doses of asthma education go down as smoothly as sweetened cough syrup. The kids attended the camp to frolic, but also to better understand the chronic lung disease that makes breathing more difficult for them and about \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsdata.org/topic/238/asthma/table#fmt=97&loc=2,127,1657,331,1656,171,1655,345,357,324,369,362,360,337,364,356,217,328,354,320,339,334,365,343,367,344,355,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,341,338,350,342,359,363,340,335&tf=89&sortColumnId=0&sortType=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1 in 6 California children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dust! Cockroaches! Cigarette smoke! Pets!” the kids yelled out in response to a question about what triggers their wheezing, shortness of breath and tightness in the chest. Some of the children, who ranged in age from 6 to 12, said they’d been to the emergency room multiple times. Asthma, if not properly treated, can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the children had been diagnosed when they were babies or toddlers and completely dependent on their parents or guardians. As they grow older and become physically less dependent on adults, they need to take more responsibility for managing their disease. \u003ca href=\"http://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(10)60377-8/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studies show\u003c/a> that asthma camps can instill knowledge and encourage habits that help children better control their conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the week, parents dropped their kids off in the morning and picked them up at the end of the day. But one of the highlights of the camp is the sleepover, held at a local elementary school. That’s when kids who want to can spend the night at camp without their parents. For those who do, it’s another step in assuming responsibility for their own health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our camp song says, ‘Your parents are not in charge of your asthma; you’re in charge of your asthma,’” said Sienna Grant, 9, as she climbed a ladder and prepared to swing rung to rung across a jungle gym. She used to be reluctant to stop playing, even for a puff of her inhaler. But now she’s learning “to take things more seriously,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma camps sprang up in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when there were far fewer medications to treat the condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no way to control or prevent asthma,” said Dr. Steven Prager, who is the camp’s medical director and a physician with the Salinas Valley Memorial Healthcare System, one of the camp’s co-sponsors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of shooing kids out of the house to play, nervous parents often blocked their path, relegating asthmatic children to a summer on the couch, Prager said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some children, asthma camp can provide a safe space to play and learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hear from prior campers and their parents all the time that the camp helped the kids take a more active, productive role in the management of their asthma,” Prager said. Parents reported a decrease in school absences and emergency room visits after their kids attended the program, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Welch, a physician at Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, studied the effectiveness of asthma camps a decade ago, but he said there is little research on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(10)60377-8/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2007 study\u003c/a> co-authored by Welch found that a year after attending an asthma camp, kids had “assumed greater responsibility for taking their medication.” The study was based on a survey of nearly 1,800 participants at 24 asthma camps around the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welch noted that numerous camps cater to children with a wide range of chronic illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids learn right away that they’re not the only ones with this chronic disease, so they [feel] a little less abnormal, which is good for their self-esteem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a profusion of camps dedicated to other conditions, the number of asthma camps is dwindling, Welch said. There are 90 asthma camps across the country — a third fewer than a decade ago — serving about 4,000 children, according to Jill Heins Nesvold, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.asthmacamps.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Consortium on Children’s Asthma Camps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There used to be at least five \u003ca href=\"http://www.asthmacamps.org/campdetails.cfm?longst=California&state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asthma camps in California\u003c/a>, but in the past few years, two of them — one in Los Angeles and another in San Diego — have closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Funding has been a problem with keeping asthma camps alive,” said Welch, who was the medical director for more than three decades at the now-shuttered San Diego camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, he said, is that groups such as the American Lung Association have decided to focus their funding to research and lobbying, diverting it from direct community services like asthma camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salinas camp is funded by the Salinas Valley Memorial Healthcare System, \u003ca href=\"https://childrensmiraclenetworkhospitals.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Children’s Miracle Network\u003c/a> (CMN), a nonprofit that raises money for children’s hospitals nationwide, and individual donors. CMN gets most of its funding from corporate donors across a wide range of industries. The financial contributions help make the camp more affordable for families: Parents pay $55 per child, and scholarships are available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Salinas camp has benefited from a solid endowment over the years, “it’s slowly being whittled down,” Prager said. “At the moment, we’re fine, but it’s going to be a challenge in the years to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as long as asthma camps keep their doors open, children will likely attend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of the week, their confidence growing, about two-thirds of the Salinas campers tackled the overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds simple, but “many of these kids have never spent a night away from home,” Prager said. “It’s a big deal … and for the parents sometimes an even bigger deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dario Aldaco, 6, declared he would do the overnight even though his two older brothers — and running buddies — were skipping it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to do this, even if they don’t want to,” he told his mom, Aidee Aldaco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was anxiety central,” she said. “I asked him, ‘Are you sure? Without your brothers?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the big night, counselors stoked a fire pit near an outside play area and kids gathered around to socialize and munch s’mores. Later, inside the school’s gym, they unrolled sleeping bags and conked out on the floor, with counselors from the local YMCA and Prager nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, when the parents saw their kids had survived without them, they breathed a sigh of relief. On the final day, camp administrators asked the parents to vow that they would not curtail their children’s activities out of fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they said their goodbyes, campers left with a better understanding of their illness, newfound confidence and backpacks full of gadgets and meds to ease their breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dario came home with the confidence to ask his father not to smoke on the side of the house where the fumes get inside and can trigger his and his brothers’ asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dario’s older brother, Aaron, 8, who also attended the camp and has mild to moderate autism, began to use a new word: “independent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asthma camp had made him think twice about his mother’s plan to move closer to her children when they go off to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you move with me,” Aaron asked, “then how am I going to be independent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So,” Aidee Aldaco said with a chuckle, “my husband and I are not going to be able to follow them.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Data: Surprising Number of California Parents Experienced Abuse as Children",
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"content": "\u003cp>One out of five California adults with children living in their homes were beaten, kicked or physically abused when they were children, and one in ten were sexually abused, according to \u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/z6drt5p\" target=\"_blank\">data \u003c/a>released recently by a children’s health foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts believe that’s an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s probably a low estimate,” said Cassandra Joubert, director of the Central California Children’s Institute at California State University, Fresno. “I think these kinds of events within families are hush-hush, swept under the rug, not really talked about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Focusing on the abuse that parents have experienced is essential to interrupting the cycle of trauma, Joubert said. Adults who were abused or neglected as children often end up emulating their own parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost this mirroring effect,” Joubert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data were recently released by kidsdata.org, a program of the Palo Alto-based Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health, to coincide with a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.aces-ca.org/conference-info/\" target=\"_blank\">conference on adverse childhood experiences\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other notable findings: 36 percent of adults with children living in their homes experienced verbal abuse as children; 19 percent witnessed domestic violence. In some counties, including San Bernardino, Contra Costa and Riverside, a fifth of adults who have children in their homes reported experiencing at least four different adverse childhood experiences growing up. Those experiences can include physical, sexual and verbal abuse, having parents divorce, and living with someone who suffers from mental illness or abuses drugs or alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come from data collected in a survey by the Public Health Institute. Marta Induni, research program director at the institute’s Survey Research Group, oversaw the survey of nearly 28,000 California residents. She said she has been particularly touched by the many people who have thanked her for asking them about painful and often stigmatized childhood experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that speaks to the importance of just putting this into the common vernacular: ‘Let’s talk about this,’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill to expand school-based mental health services for young children came to a halt in the state Senate Appropriations Committee this summer, because it did not include a way to fund the additional services. A spokesman for Assemblymember Rob Bonta (D-Oakland) said Bonta may propose that the state budget include additional funding for expanded services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy Davis, a 40-year-old resident of Clovis who works with Joubert as a training coordinator at the Children’s Institute, knows firsthand the effect childhood trauma can have on parenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the age of five, Davis came to the United States from El Salvador with three of her siblings and her single mother. The family was “very, very poor,” Davis said. Her mother was almost always working, and was constantly stressed and frustrated, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was barely around,” Davis said. “The little that she was, wasn’t pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis said she was abused emotionally and physically growing up, and she witnessed domestic violence against others in her home. She was sexually molested by people who floated in and out of the house, Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 18, Davis gave birth to her first son, Alex. She now has four sons, ranging in age from 6 to 21. After her youngest, Tye, was born, Davis spent a month in the hospital with serious health problems. Once she returned home, she experienced severe postpartum depression and didn’t want to hold Tye, or be near him. She blamed him for the illness she’d suffered after he was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Tye was four months old, Davis sought help. She started taking medication and going to therapy. There, she was able to recognize how profoundly her troubled childhood had impacted her. She finally began to bond with Tye. Today, she said, she and her youngest are “inseparable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has helped tremendously,” she said. “I wish I would have done it a lot sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Cloutier, executive director of the Center for Youth Wellness, said the data reinforce how crucial it is for pediatricians to screen children — and even their caregivers — for exposure to past traumatic experiences. Such experiences often lead not only to mental health disorders, but also to acute chronic physical diseases, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for parents to understand and address their own experiences in childhood as a way of blocking the further transmission to their children,” Cloutier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kendra Rogers, managing director for early childhood policy at the advocacy group Children Now, called the data “sad and frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We fail these kids until they turn 18 and then we just blame them and criticize them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to a number of policy prescriptions, ranging from funding more parenting programs to shoring up mental health services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have serious trauma and violence in our history,” she said. “The more we address it, the better we can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One out of five California adults with children living in their homes were beaten, kicked or physically abused when they were children, and one in ten were sexually abused, according to \u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/z6drt5p\" target=\"_blank\">data \u003c/a>released recently by a children’s health foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts believe that’s an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s probably a low estimate,” said Cassandra Joubert, director of the Central California Children’s Institute at California State University, Fresno. “I think these kinds of events within families are hush-hush, swept under the rug, not really talked about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Focusing on the abuse that parents have experienced is essential to interrupting the cycle of trauma, Joubert said. Adults who were abused or neglected as children often end up emulating their own parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost this mirroring effect,” Joubert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data were recently released by kidsdata.org, a program of the Palo Alto-based Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health, to coincide with a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.aces-ca.org/conference-info/\" target=\"_blank\">conference on adverse childhood experiences\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other notable findings: 36 percent of adults with children living in their homes experienced verbal abuse as children; 19 percent witnessed domestic violence. In some counties, including San Bernardino, Contra Costa and Riverside, a fifth of adults who have children in their homes reported experiencing at least four different adverse childhood experiences growing up. Those experiences can include physical, sexual and verbal abuse, having parents divorce, and living with someone who suffers from mental illness or abuses drugs or alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come from data collected in a survey by the Public Health Institute. Marta Induni, research program director at the institute’s Survey Research Group, oversaw the survey of nearly 28,000 California residents. She said she has been particularly touched by the many people who have thanked her for asking them about painful and often stigmatized childhood experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that speaks to the importance of just putting this into the common vernacular: ‘Let’s talk about this,’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill to expand school-based mental health services for young children came to a halt in the state Senate Appropriations Committee this summer, because it did not include a way to fund the additional services. A spokesman for Assemblymember Rob Bonta (D-Oakland) said Bonta may propose that the state budget include additional funding for expanded services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy Davis, a 40-year-old resident of Clovis who works with Joubert as a training coordinator at the Children’s Institute, knows firsthand the effect childhood trauma can have on parenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the age of five, Davis came to the United States from El Salvador with three of her siblings and her single mother. The family was “very, very poor,” Davis said. Her mother was almost always working, and was constantly stressed and frustrated, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was barely around,” Davis said. “The little that she was, wasn’t pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis said she was abused emotionally and physically growing up, and she witnessed domestic violence against others in her home. She was sexually molested by people who floated in and out of the house, Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 18, Davis gave birth to her first son, Alex. She now has four sons, ranging in age from 6 to 21. After her youngest, Tye, was born, Davis spent a month in the hospital with serious health problems. Once she returned home, she experienced severe postpartum depression and didn’t want to hold Tye, or be near him. She blamed him for the illness she’d suffered after he was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Tye was four months old, Davis sought help. She started taking medication and going to therapy. There, she was able to recognize how profoundly her troubled childhood had impacted her. She finally began to bond with Tye. Today, she said, she and her youngest are “inseparable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has helped tremendously,” she said. “I wish I would have done it a lot sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Cloutier, executive director of the Center for Youth Wellness, said the data reinforce how crucial it is for pediatricians to screen children — and even their caregivers — for exposure to past traumatic experiences. Such experiences often lead not only to mental health disorders, but also to acute chronic physical diseases, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for parents to understand and address their own experiences in childhood as a way of blocking the further transmission to their children,” Cloutier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kendra Rogers, managing director for early childhood policy at the advocacy group Children Now, called the data “sad and frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We fail these kids until they turn 18 and then we just blame them and criticize them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to a number of policy prescriptions, ranging from funding more parenting programs to shoring up mental health services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have serious trauma and violence in our history,” she said. “The more we address it, the better we can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Overhauling Foster Care Rates to Support Family Caregivers",
"title": "California Overhauling Foster Care Rates to Support Family Caregivers",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>After years of complaints, California is drastically changing the way it financially supports foster families. It's a move that aims to prioritize the needs of the state's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsdata.org/topic/20/fostercare/table#fmt=16&loc=2,127,347,1763,331,348,336,171,321,345,357,332,324,369,358,362,360,337,327,364,356,217,353,328,354,323,352,320,339,334,365,343,330,367,344,355,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,333,322,341,338,350,342,329,325,359,351,363,340,335&tf=79\" target=\"_blank\">62,000 foster children \u003c/a>and make it easier for grandparents and other relatives to care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is the very first time in California's history that we will be treating our relatives and our non-relative foster parents equally.' \u003ccite>Angie Schwartz, Alliance for Children's Rights \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Starting Jan. 1, California's foster care rates will be tied to the health and behavioral needs of each child. In the present system, the income of the home the child was removed from and whether the child was placed with relatives or non-relatives were bigger factors in determining support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new system will replace a \"tangled mess of rules\" that ends up penalizing thousands of foster children who are cared for by relatives -- even though such children have better educational outcomes and less trauma when cared for by a person with family ties, says Angie Schwartz, policy director for the Alliance for Children's Rights, which advocated for the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very historic change in California,\" says Schwartz, whose nonprofit provides legal services for children in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the very first time in California's history that we will be treating our relatives and our non-relative foster parents equally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown approved the new rate system in June as part of the state budget, and allocated about $40 million to begin implementing the payment changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Major Transformational Effort'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy is part of a larger effort that has been at least five years in the making to improve how children and youth do in the state's foster care system, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/cdssweb/PG4869.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Continuum of Care Reform\u003c/a>. The reform also aims to significantly expand mental health and other support services to all foster families, says Greg Rose, who oversees child welfare \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">at the California Department of Social Services.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the major transformational effort that we are putting in place so that young people in foster care can have as traditional a family life as reasonably possible,\" says Rose, adding that a goal of the reform is to reduce the use of more expensive institutionalized group homes, where foster youth tend to have the worst outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ultimately, we'll have healthier, happier youth that experience the foster care system,\" says Rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foster care rate changes will impact at least 10,000 families statewide who will be able to access similar resources as other foster families, says Rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/276496072\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next several weeks, a stakeholder group will define new rates, says Rose, which are expected to be at least slightly higher than they are at present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once new rates are established county social workers are expected to begin assessing each child in foster care statewide to determine where the child fits in the new rate structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Mom's Story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, all foster parents -- whether related to the child or not -- must pass similar licensing and approval standards. But the stipends they receive may vary dramatically depending on whether they are related to the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donita Escamilla experienced the discrepancy first hand when she became a foster parent to her niece, Isabella, two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Escamilla received about $300 monthly to help care for Isabella, she would have received as much as $1,100 more is she were not related to the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not ever look at Isabella as a dollar sign. I was ready to take care of Isabella funding or no funding,\" says Escamilla, who was working as a waitress at a casino and already a single mother of four when she took Isabella in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that no matter what the struggle for me was, that that’s what was best for her, and that she needed to be with us,\" she says. \"I just couldn’t imagine her going with strangers, with people that we didn’t know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of resources was stressful, says Escamilla. Isabella's birth mother had used drugs throughout her pregnancy, and the newborn tested positive for methampethamines which has impacted Isabella's development and lungs. Escamilla spent sleepless nights taking the baby to the emergency room for bouts of asthma and bronchitis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_220439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-220439 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Stephanie Okada, an occupational therapist, and Isabella look for ants near a playground in the Sacramento area, as part of Isabella's weekly play and speech therapy session. Donita Escamilla, who became a foster parent for Isabella and recently adopted her, says therapy is helping the toddler develop her emotions and social skills.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-400x285.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-800x570.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-768x548.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-1440x1027.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-1180x841.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-960x685.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Isabella and Stephanie Okada, an occupational therapist, look for ants near a playground in the Sacramento area, as part of Isabella's weekly play therapy sessions. Donita Escamilla, who became a foster parent for Isabella and recently adopted her, says the toddler struggles with social interactions and therapy helps to address her needs. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Isabella's medical needs were covered through Medi-Cal, the state's insurance for low income people. But Escamilla worried about losing her job, and not being there for her other children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was always in this state of trying to balance the needs of my family as a whole, versus Isabella’s medical needs, trying to get people to take her to the doctor for me, not being able to miss work because she was ill,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escamilla adapted. She left her casino job and opened a child care center so that she could care for Isabella herself, instead of shuttling her to other caregivers. She takes Isabella weekly for play, speech and other therapy sessions to aid her social and emotional development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escamilla ended up adopting Isabella, so the new foster rate changes won't affect her, but she considers the development \"a huge victory.\" She says she hopes other relative foster parents in the state won't struggle the way she did.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After years of complaints, California is drastically changing the way it financially supports foster families. It's a move that aims to prioritize the needs of the state's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsdata.org/topic/20/fostercare/table#fmt=16&loc=2,127,347,1763,331,348,336,171,321,345,357,332,324,369,358,362,360,337,327,364,356,217,353,328,354,323,352,320,339,334,365,343,330,367,344,355,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,333,322,341,338,350,342,329,325,359,351,363,340,335&tf=79\" target=\"_blank\">62,000 foster children \u003c/a>and make it easier for grandparents and other relatives to care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is the very first time in California's history that we will be treating our relatives and our non-relative foster parents equally.' \u003ccite>Angie Schwartz, Alliance for Children's Rights \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Starting Jan. 1, California's foster care rates will be tied to the health and behavioral needs of each child. In the present system, the income of the home the child was removed from and whether the child was placed with relatives or non-relatives were bigger factors in determining support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new system will replace a \"tangled mess of rules\" that ends up penalizing thousands of foster children who are cared for by relatives -- even though such children have better educational outcomes and less trauma when cared for by a person with family ties, says Angie Schwartz, policy director for the Alliance for Children's Rights, which advocated for the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very historic change in California,\" says Schwartz, whose nonprofit provides legal services for children in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the very first time in California's history that we will be treating our relatives and our non-relative foster parents equally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown approved the new rate system in June as part of the state budget, and allocated about $40 million to begin implementing the payment changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Major Transformational Effort'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy is part of a larger effort that has been at least five years in the making to improve how children and youth do in the state's foster care system, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/cdssweb/PG4869.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Continuum of Care Reform\u003c/a>. The reform also aims to significantly expand mental health and other support services to all foster families, says Greg Rose, who oversees child welfare \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">at the California Department of Social Services.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the major transformational effort that we are putting in place so that young people in foster care can have as traditional a family life as reasonably possible,\" says Rose, adding that a goal of the reform is to reduce the use of more expensive institutionalized group homes, where foster youth tend to have the worst outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ultimately, we'll have healthier, happier youth that experience the foster care system,\" says Rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foster care rate changes will impact at least 10,000 families statewide who will be able to access similar resources as other foster families, says Rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/276496072&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/276496072'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next several weeks, a stakeholder group will define new rates, says Rose, which are expected to be at least slightly higher than they are at present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once new rates are established county social workers are expected to begin assessing each child in foster care statewide to determine where the child fits in the new rate structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Mom's Story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, all foster parents -- whether related to the child or not -- must pass similar licensing and approval standards. But the stipends they receive may vary dramatically depending on whether they are related to the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donita Escamilla experienced the discrepancy first hand when she became a foster parent to her niece, Isabella, two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Escamilla received about $300 monthly to help care for Isabella, she would have received as much as $1,100 more is she were not related to the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not ever look at Isabella as a dollar sign. I was ready to take care of Isabella funding or no funding,\" says Escamilla, who was working as a waitress at a casino and already a single mother of four when she took Isabella in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that no matter what the struggle for me was, that that’s what was best for her, and that she needed to be with us,\" she says. \"I just couldn’t imagine her going with strangers, with people that we didn’t know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of resources was stressful, says Escamilla. Isabella's birth mother had used drugs throughout her pregnancy, and the newborn tested positive for methampethamines which has impacted Isabella's development and lungs. Escamilla spent sleepless nights taking the baby to the emergency room for bouts of asthma and bronchitis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_220439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-220439 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Stephanie Okada, an occupational therapist, and Isabella look for ants near a playground in the Sacramento area, as part of Isabella's weekly play and speech therapy session. Donita Escamilla, who became a foster parent for Isabella and recently adopted her, says therapy is helping the toddler develop her emotions and social skills.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-400x285.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-800x570.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-768x548.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-1440x1027.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-1180x841.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/08/RS20497_IMG_0182-qut-960x685.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Isabella and Stephanie Okada, an occupational therapist, look for ants near a playground in the Sacramento area, as part of Isabella's weekly play therapy sessions. Donita Escamilla, who became a foster parent for Isabella and recently adopted her, says the toddler struggles with social interactions and therapy helps to address her needs. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Isabella's medical needs were covered through Medi-Cal, the state's insurance for low income people. But Escamilla worried about losing her job, and not being there for her other children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was always in this state of trying to balance the needs of my family as a whole, versus Isabella’s medical needs, trying to get people to take her to the doctor for me, not being able to miss work because she was ill,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escamilla adapted. She left her casino job and opened a child care center so that she could care for Isabella herself, instead of shuttling her to other caregivers. She takes Isabella weekly for play, speech and other therapy sessions to aid her social and emotional development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escamilla ended up adopting Isabella, so the new foster rate changes won't affect her, but she considers the development \"a huge victory.\" She says she hopes other relative foster parents in the state won't struggle the way she did.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Heather Bottoms' two sons had been asking to go to a local indoor trampoline park for a while, so last September she took them. Her older son, then age 13, was jumping up and down when he bounced off the wall, fell and broke both the bones in one arm. The injury required surgery to insert two pins into his arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I don't think parents realize how significant the injuries can be or how frequently they occur.' \u003ccite> Katherine Leaming-Van Zandt, emergency room physician \u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The number of trampoline-park injuries like this has soared, according to research published Monday in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>. Using data from a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Research--Statistics/NEISS-Injury-Data/\" target=\"_blank\">government injury surveillance system\u003c/a>, the study authors estimate that the number of ER visits from injuries incurred at an indoor park — typically a series of connected trampolines in a big room surrounded by padded or trampoline walls — rose from fewer than 600 in 2010 to 6,932 in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Association of Trampoline Parks notes, however, that there were an estimated 50 million North American visits in the past year to the parks, which are becoming increasingly popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that, most injuries still occur on home trampolines, the use of which the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/24/161679143/pediatricians-bounce-trampolines-from-homes-to-protect-kids\" target=\"_blank\">American Academy of Pediatrics \"strongly\" discourages\u003c/a>. And the overall number of annual ER visits for trampoline-related injuries held steady over the study period, averaging about 91,750.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our concern is that there are more serious trampoline injuries [at parks] than on home trampolines,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://gme.uchc.edu/programs/pedsfellowships/pedem_currentfellows.html\" target=\"_blank\">Kathryn Kasmire\u003c/a>, a pediatric emergency medicine fellow at the Connecticut Children's Medical Center and the University of Connecticut and an author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 9 percent of park injuries required hospital admission, compared with 5.2 percent of injuries from home trampolines. Admission usually suggests that surgery was needed or that the patient was in serious pain, Kasmire says. Trampoline park injuries made up 11 percent of all 2014 ER visits for trampoline injuries where the location was known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While sprains and fractures were the most common injuries at both homes and parks, those at parks were more likely to involve a dislocation. The indoor parks resulted in more lower-extremity injuries and fewer upper-extremity and head injuries than home trampolines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That corresponds with what \u003ca href=\"https://www.texaschildrens.org/find-a-doctor/katherine-jennifer-leaming-van-zandt-md\" target=\"_blank\">Katherine Leaming-Van Zandt\u003c/a>, an emergency medicine physician at Texas Children's Hospital, has seen in her ER. \"I don't think parents realize how significant the injuries can be or how frequently they occur,\" she says, adding that parents may be lulled into complacency, thinking that supervision by park employees will keep their kids safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's not always enough. Bottoms, who lives in Owasso, Okla., says she fully understands that trampoline parks carry risks. \"Anybody can get hurt anywhere, doing anything,\" she says. But she says no one at the park helped her son or performed first aid after the injury. She had to set the fracture herself with the ice scraper from her car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IATP, which represents the trampoline park industry, said in a statement it welcomes studies like this one that \"provide a deeper understanding of safety issues.\" But it noted that with industry growth from 25 parks in 2010 to more than 350 in 2014, the increase in the number of injuries isn't surprising. The rate at which injuries occur, it said, is more meaningful than raw numbers. \"We believe that the positives of youth recreational sports far outweigh the negatives, and we are actively engaged at programs aimed at promoting the safety and well-being of jumpers who visit our member parks,\" it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's important for kids to have fun and get exercise, says Kasmire. \"But there is no activity in which a kid is getting exercise that is risk-free.\" If your children go, \"you should be cautious,\" she says. Go at a less busy time. Supervise your kids yourself, and make sure there's just one jumper per trampoline. Don't allow flips. And if you have younger children, look for a park with a designated area that keeps them separate from bigger kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And make sure to be careful yourself, if you decide to take a bounce — 19 percent of trampoline park injuries were in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katherinehobson\">\u003cem>@katherinehobson\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+Trampoline+Parks+Jump+In+Popularity%2C+So+Do+Injuries&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Heather Bottoms' two sons had been asking to go to a local indoor trampoline park for a while, so last September she took them. Her older son, then age 13, was jumping up and down when he bounced off the wall, fell and broke both the bones in one arm. The injury required surgery to insert two pins into his arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I don't think parents realize how significant the injuries can be or how frequently they occur.' \u003ccite> Katherine Leaming-Van Zandt, emergency room physician \u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The number of trampoline-park injuries like this has soared, according to research published Monday in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>. Using data from a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Research--Statistics/NEISS-Injury-Data/\" target=\"_blank\">government injury surveillance system\u003c/a>, the study authors estimate that the number of ER visits from injuries incurred at an indoor park — typically a series of connected trampolines in a big room surrounded by padded or trampoline walls — rose from fewer than 600 in 2010 to 6,932 in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Association of Trampoline Parks notes, however, that there were an estimated 50 million North American visits in the past year to the parks, which are becoming increasingly popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that, most injuries still occur on home trampolines, the use of which the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/24/161679143/pediatricians-bounce-trampolines-from-homes-to-protect-kids\" target=\"_blank\">American Academy of Pediatrics \"strongly\" discourages\u003c/a>. And the overall number of annual ER visits for trampoline-related injuries held steady over the study period, averaging about 91,750.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our concern is that there are more serious trampoline injuries [at parks] than on home trampolines,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://gme.uchc.edu/programs/pedsfellowships/pedem_currentfellows.html\" target=\"_blank\">Kathryn Kasmire\u003c/a>, a pediatric emergency medicine fellow at the Connecticut Children's Medical Center and the University of Connecticut and an author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 9 percent of park injuries required hospital admission, compared with 5.2 percent of injuries from home trampolines. Admission usually suggests that surgery was needed or that the patient was in serious pain, Kasmire says. Trampoline park injuries made up 11 percent of all 2014 ER visits for trampoline injuries where the location was known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While sprains and fractures were the most common injuries at both homes and parks, those at parks were more likely to involve a dislocation. The indoor parks resulted in more lower-extremity injuries and fewer upper-extremity and head injuries than home trampolines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That corresponds with what \u003ca href=\"https://www.texaschildrens.org/find-a-doctor/katherine-jennifer-leaming-van-zandt-md\" target=\"_blank\">Katherine Leaming-Van Zandt\u003c/a>, an emergency medicine physician at Texas Children's Hospital, has seen in her ER. \"I don't think parents realize how significant the injuries can be or how frequently they occur,\" she says, adding that parents may be lulled into complacency, thinking that supervision by park employees will keep their kids safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's not always enough. Bottoms, who lives in Owasso, Okla., says she fully understands that trampoline parks carry risks. \"Anybody can get hurt anywhere, doing anything,\" she says. But she says no one at the park helped her son or performed first aid after the injury. She had to set the fracture herself with the ice scraper from her car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IATP, which represents the trampoline park industry, said in a statement it welcomes studies like this one that \"provide a deeper understanding of safety issues.\" But it noted that with industry growth from 25 parks in 2010 to more than 350 in 2014, the increase in the number of injuries isn't surprising. The rate at which injuries occur, it said, is more meaningful than raw numbers. \"We believe that the positives of youth recreational sports far outweigh the negatives, and we are actively engaged at programs aimed at promoting the safety and well-being of jumpers who visit our member parks,\" it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's important for kids to have fun and get exercise, says Kasmire. \"But there is no activity in which a kid is getting exercise that is risk-free.\" If your children go, \"you should be cautious,\" she says. Go at a less busy time. Supervise your kids yourself, and make sure there's just one jumper per trampoline. Don't allow flips. And if you have younger children, look for a park with a designated area that keeps them separate from bigger kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And make sure to be careful yourself, if you decide to take a bounce — 19 percent of trampoline park injuries were in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katherinehobson\">\u003cem>@katherinehobson\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+Trampoline+Parks+Jump+In+Popularity%2C+So+Do+Injuries&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Toddlers make their fair share of noise. But they also have a lot of noise to contend with — a television blaring, siblings squabbling, a car radio blasting, grownups talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid all that clatter, toddlers must somehow piece together the meanings of individual words and start to form their own words and sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loud background noise may make it harder for toddlers to learn language, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.12559/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Child Development\u003c/em>. Many other \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3757288/\" target=\"_blank\">studies\u003c/a> have already found that background noise can limit children's abilities to learn. Television noise, in particular, is ubiquitous in American homes and may negatively affect a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/10/01/162097132/researchers-say-kids-are-exposed-to-startling-amounts-of-background-tv\" target=\"_blank\">child's ability to concentrate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But few researchers have looked at how background noise affects toddlers as they are just beginning to learn words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning words early is important and can affect basic reading skills later on, says Brianna McMillan, a psychology graduate student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and lead author on the study. \"These initial word learning experiences are very foundational for how kids succeed later in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and her graduate advisor, professor of psychology Jenny Saffran, tested whether louder or quieter background speech affected whether toddlers at about 23 months could learn new words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 40 toddlers listened to recordings of new words in sentences. At the same time, they also heard background speech — recordings that sounded like two people speaking at once. The researchers say that this background recording could represent people chatting in the same room or on the television or radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the toddlers heard louder background talk — \"like having a conversation with a friend while someone else is standing a foot away talking,\" explains McMillan. The other half heard the same recording at a quieter decibel – \"more akin to background coffeehouse chatter,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the background noise still playing, the researchers then taught the toddlers the meanings of the new words by showing them images on a screen of what each word represents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists then tested how well each group of toddlers had learned the new words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turned out that toddlers could only learn new words when the background chatter was quieter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers tried the same experiment on a group of 40 toddlers who were about six months older and found the same result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a final experiment, the scientists allowed 26 toddlers to hear new words in sentences in a quiet room and then taught them the meanings of the words under the louder background noise condition. This group of toddlers did successfully learn the new words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last experiment provides some hope that carving out a bit of quiet time for learning words can help children attach meaning to those words later in their more typical noisy environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not practical to completely turn off the radio or TV all the time,\" says McMillan. \"I don't think that's how we can or should live.\" But she says that parents might want to be more aware of what their kids are hearing and turn off the TV now and then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear whether the Wisconsin team's findings would hold true for a broader group of toddlers from across the United States — this study focused on a fairly small group from an area with a large university community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Wisconsin team's research covers an important understudied area, says \u003ca href=\"https://hesp.umd.edu/facultyprofile/Newman/Rochelle\" target=\"_blank\">Rochelle Newman\u003c/a>, chair of the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences and associate director of the Maryland Language Science Center at the University of Maryland. \"There's been a lot of work on noise and its impact on learning once children reach the age of schooling. A lot less has been done on younger children,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newman says there are still many unanswered questions, including whether some level of noise might actually be beneficial for toddlers in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Children are going to go to school where there is a lot of noise,\" Newman says. \"They're going to eventually have to learn to deal with that noise. We don't know if they'll need some exposure to learn to deal with it. We don't know how much is too much noise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Turning+Down+The+Background+Noise+Could+Help+Toddlers+Learn&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Toddlers make their fair share of noise. But they also have a lot of noise to contend with — a television blaring, siblings squabbling, a car radio blasting, grownups talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid all that clatter, toddlers must somehow piece together the meanings of individual words and start to form their own words and sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loud background noise may make it harder for toddlers to learn language, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.12559/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Child Development\u003c/em>. Many other \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3757288/\" target=\"_blank\">studies\u003c/a> have already found that background noise can limit children's abilities to learn. Television noise, in particular, is ubiquitous in American homes and may negatively affect a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/10/01/162097132/researchers-say-kids-are-exposed-to-startling-amounts-of-background-tv\" target=\"_blank\">child's ability to concentrate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But few researchers have looked at how background noise affects toddlers as they are just beginning to learn words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning words early is important and can affect basic reading skills later on, says Brianna McMillan, a psychology graduate student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and lead author on the study. \"These initial word learning experiences are very foundational for how kids succeed later in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and her graduate advisor, professor of psychology Jenny Saffran, tested whether louder or quieter background speech affected whether toddlers at about 23 months could learn new words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 40 toddlers listened to recordings of new words in sentences. At the same time, they also heard background speech — recordings that sounded like two people speaking at once. The researchers say that this background recording could represent people chatting in the same room or on the television or radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the toddlers heard louder background talk — \"like having a conversation with a friend while someone else is standing a foot away talking,\" explains McMillan. The other half heard the same recording at a quieter decibel – \"more akin to background coffeehouse chatter,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the background noise still playing, the researchers then taught the toddlers the meanings of the new words by showing them images on a screen of what each word represents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists then tested how well each group of toddlers had learned the new words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turned out that toddlers could only learn new words when the background chatter was quieter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers tried the same experiment on a group of 40 toddlers who were about six months older and found the same result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a final experiment, the scientists allowed 26 toddlers to hear new words in sentences in a quiet room and then taught them the meanings of the words under the louder background noise condition. This group of toddlers did successfully learn the new words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last experiment provides some hope that carving out a bit of quiet time for learning words can help children attach meaning to those words later in their more typical noisy environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not practical to completely turn off the radio or TV all the time,\" says McMillan. \"I don't think that's how we can or should live.\" But she says that parents might want to be more aware of what their kids are hearing and turn off the TV now and then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear whether the Wisconsin team's findings would hold true for a broader group of toddlers from across the United States — this study focused on a fairly small group from an area with a large university community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Wisconsin team's research covers an important understudied area, says \u003ca href=\"https://hesp.umd.edu/facultyprofile/Newman/Rochelle\" target=\"_blank\">Rochelle Newman\u003c/a>, chair of the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences and associate director of the Maryland Language Science Center at the University of Maryland. \"There's been a lot of work on noise and its impact on learning once children reach the age of schooling. A lot less has been done on younger children,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newman says there are still many unanswered questions, including whether some level of noise might actually be beneficial for toddlers in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Children are going to go to school where there is a lot of noise,\" Newman says. \"They're going to eventually have to learn to deal with that noise. We don't know if they'll need some exposure to learn to deal with it. We don't know how much is too much noise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Turning+Down+The+Background+Noise+Could+Help+Toddlers+Learn&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Parents Can Help Their Teenage Kids Resist Alcohol",
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"content": "\u003cp>While a sense of inevitability often surrounds the topic of teen drinking, adults can play an important role in preventing underage alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two recent studies provide guidance for parents. One finds that parents who set limits in a warm and supportive environment reduced the risk that their adolescent children would binge drink. The other study reports on the potential of a home-based program that educates parents and children about alcohol prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high. About 1 in 6 teens drank alcohol before turning 13, and about the same proportion of high school kids has binged on alcohol, according to the latest biannual \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trends/2015_us_alcohol_trend_yrbs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Risk Behavior Survey\u003c/a> by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overall, a third of teenagers drink — down from about half of teens 25 years ago, but still a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although it is common for adolescents and young adults to try psychoactive substances, it is important that this experimentation not be condoned, facilitated, or trivialized by adults,\" notes the introduction to an updated screening \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/06/16/peds.2016-1211#ref-32\" target=\"_blank\">protocol\u003c/a> by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The group encourages doctors to ask adolescents about drug and alcohol use during routine visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At home, how Mom and Dad manage their roles — and the signals they send about alcohol use — affects their children's future drinking behavior. Parenting style, drinking frequency, and expectations influence whether adolescents will binge drink, according to results of a \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-016-0656-1\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in the July issue of \u003cem>Prevention Science\u003c/em>. In the same issue, another \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-016-0659-y\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> finds that a home-based prevention program given by parents to their elementary school-aged children made the kids less inclined to drink four years after the start of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When adolescents drink, they tend to do so excessively, making the most of their limited access to alcohol. Binge drinking — consuming four, for females, or five, for males, drinks at a time — puts the imbiber at risk of fatal accidents, injuries, violence, and legal problems. Social psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://cgu.edu/pages/972.asp\" target=\"_blank\">William D. Crano\u003c/a> at Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, Calif., and his colleagues wondered whether certain conditions in adolescence \"had any predictive power for what's going to happen\" in terms of alcohol use and incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked at data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (\u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth\" target=\"_blank\">Add Health\u003c/a>), which has interviewed a nationally representative group four times, beginning in the 1994-1995 school year, when the participants were in seventh through 12th grades. The most recent survey occurred in 2008, when the respondents had reached ages ranging from 24 to 32. Parent interviews occurred in the first year of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crano and his group focused on four factors from the first wave of interviews:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>whether parents monitored their teens,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>the warmth parents expressed to their teens,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>how frequently parents drank,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>if parents thought their kids were drinking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The study involved more than 9,400 adolescents and their parents. Teens answered questions about parental monitoring and warmth; parents responded to queries about their drinking and expectations. In later surveys, the Add Health project collected data on teen and young adult binge drinking and incarceration rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adolescents whose parents neither kept an eye on them nor provided a supportive home environment were more likely to binge drink. These parental behaviors, along with underage drinking, predicted binge drinking as young adults. Furthermore, those who binged as teens and young adults were more likely to be arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study suggests that parents do make a difference. \"Parental monitoring and warmth are a protective device against kids' binge drinking,\" says Crano. But the two need to go hand in hand. \"If you have surveillance without warmth, you've got a problem,\" he adds. \"You want the relationship between a parent and a child to be close enough and warm enough that the child discloses behaviors and what they are thinking, and the parent can offer advice\" that reinforces rules but doesn't disparage the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that how often parents drank was predictive of teen and young adult binge drinking. While the survey didn't ask about the amount of alcohol consumed, the research supports the idea that parents' drinking behavior can send a powerful message to kids in terms of what is acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, it was more likely that adolescents were drinking if their parents expected they were drinking. This self-fulfilling prophecy may stem from parents not intervening and educating their kids when they suspect alcohol use, says Crano, even though that is exactly what is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crano and his group argue that national prevention campaigns would do well to target parents, not just teens. \"Parents are an easier audience,\" he says. \"They are quite open to learning how to do better for their children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with the right information, parents can direct a prevention campaign in their own living rooms. Social ecologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.rti.org/expert/christine-jackson\" target=\"_blank\">Christine Jackson\u003c/a> at RTI International in Durham, North Carolina, and colleagues there and at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill report on a home-based parenting program meant to counter parents' misconceptions about kids and alcohol, support communication in the family, and encourage parents to set rules regarding alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson notes that a child's first taste of alcohol often comes from a drink offered by a parent. Contrary to the belief that sipping will satisfy kids' curiosity about alcohol and deter future drinking, previous work by Jackson and colleagues found that fifth-grade children permitted by parents to try an alcoholic beverage were twice as likely to drink in seventh grade as peers not granted sips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the short term, allowing children to try alcohol simply teaches them that parents don't mind if they have alcohol,\" Jackson says. \"In the long term, allowing children to have alcohol increases their odds of underage drinking during adolescence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If kids have positive ideas about alcohol — for example, that drinking makes one popular — they are more likely to drink, notes Jackson. The program set out to provide alternative, protective ideas. It helped parents discuss how alcohol is harmful to children's health and commit to keeping kids alcohol-free. It also sought to empower kids to reject social pressures to drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the approach, the researchers recruited third-grade children and their mothers from school districts in three southern states, primarily North Carolina. Just over 1,000 children were randomly divided into two groups, one whose families received the five-month-long alcohol prevention program, and one provided with an obesity-prevention program for comparison. The materials included magazines, games and role-playing activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson and her colleagues interviewed the kids about their beliefs and attitudes regarding alcohol before the program started. At the same time, they queried mothers about how often both parents drank and about the mother's racial and ethnic identity and education. In the second and third years of the study, families received a one-month booster program. Four years from the start of the program, the researchers asked the kids again about their alcohol-related beliefs and attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third-graders who had received the alcohol prevention program were significantly less inclined to drink at the four-year follow-up, when they were in seventh grade, than those in the obesity program. This was true regardless of their parents' drinking habits or mother's education, race or ethnicity. \"This means that the program has a sustained effect on children's attitudes and intentions about alcohol use,\" says Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids develop ideas about alcohol with or without their parents' direct input. \"Encourage conversation with kids about issues that are important to them,\" says Crano. \"You want to be the person to help them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Aimee Cunningham is a freelance science journalist based in the Washington, D.C., area.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Parents+Can+Help+Their+Underage+Kids+Resist+Alcohol&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While a sense of inevitability often surrounds the topic of teen drinking, adults can play an important role in preventing underage alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two recent studies provide guidance for parents. One finds that parents who set limits in a warm and supportive environment reduced the risk that their adolescent children would binge drink. The other study reports on the potential of a home-based program that educates parents and children about alcohol prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high. About 1 in 6 teens drank alcohol before turning 13, and about the same proportion of high school kids has binged on alcohol, according to the latest biannual \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trends/2015_us_alcohol_trend_yrbs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Risk Behavior Survey\u003c/a> by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overall, a third of teenagers drink — down from about half of teens 25 years ago, but still a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although it is common for adolescents and young adults to try psychoactive substances, it is important that this experimentation not be condoned, facilitated, or trivialized by adults,\" notes the introduction to an updated screening \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/06/16/peds.2016-1211#ref-32\" target=\"_blank\">protocol\u003c/a> by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The group encourages doctors to ask adolescents about drug and alcohol use during routine visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At home, how Mom and Dad manage their roles — and the signals they send about alcohol use — affects their children's future drinking behavior. Parenting style, drinking frequency, and expectations influence whether adolescents will binge drink, according to results of a \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-016-0656-1\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in the July issue of \u003cem>Prevention Science\u003c/em>. In the same issue, another \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-016-0659-y\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> finds that a home-based prevention program given by parents to their elementary school-aged children made the kids less inclined to drink four years after the start of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When adolescents drink, they tend to do so excessively, making the most of their limited access to alcohol. Binge drinking — consuming four, for females, or five, for males, drinks at a time — puts the imbiber at risk of fatal accidents, injuries, violence, and legal problems. Social psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://cgu.edu/pages/972.asp\" target=\"_blank\">William D. Crano\u003c/a> at Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, Calif., and his colleagues wondered whether certain conditions in adolescence \"had any predictive power for what's going to happen\" in terms of alcohol use and incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked at data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (\u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth\" target=\"_blank\">Add Health\u003c/a>), which has interviewed a nationally representative group four times, beginning in the 1994-1995 school year, when the participants were in seventh through 12th grades. The most recent survey occurred in 2008, when the respondents had reached ages ranging from 24 to 32. Parent interviews occurred in the first year of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crano and his group focused on four factors from the first wave of interviews:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>whether parents monitored their teens,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>the warmth parents expressed to their teens,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>how frequently parents drank,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>if parents thought their kids were drinking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The study involved more than 9,400 adolescents and their parents. Teens answered questions about parental monitoring and warmth; parents responded to queries about their drinking and expectations. In later surveys, the Add Health project collected data on teen and young adult binge drinking and incarceration rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adolescents whose parents neither kept an eye on them nor provided a supportive home environment were more likely to binge drink. These parental behaviors, along with underage drinking, predicted binge drinking as young adults. Furthermore, those who binged as teens and young adults were more likely to be arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study suggests that parents do make a difference. \"Parental monitoring and warmth are a protective device against kids' binge drinking,\" says Crano. But the two need to go hand in hand. \"If you have surveillance without warmth, you've got a problem,\" he adds. \"You want the relationship between a parent and a child to be close enough and warm enough that the child discloses behaviors and what they are thinking, and the parent can offer advice\" that reinforces rules but doesn't disparage the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that how often parents drank was predictive of teen and young adult binge drinking. While the survey didn't ask about the amount of alcohol consumed, the research supports the idea that parents' drinking behavior can send a powerful message to kids in terms of what is acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, it was more likely that adolescents were drinking if their parents expected they were drinking. This self-fulfilling prophecy may stem from parents not intervening and educating their kids when they suspect alcohol use, says Crano, even though that is exactly what is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crano and his group argue that national prevention campaigns would do well to target parents, not just teens. \"Parents are an easier audience,\" he says. \"They are quite open to learning how to do better for their children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with the right information, parents can direct a prevention campaign in their own living rooms. Social ecologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.rti.org/expert/christine-jackson\" target=\"_blank\">Christine Jackson\u003c/a> at RTI International in Durham, North Carolina, and colleagues there and at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill report on a home-based parenting program meant to counter parents' misconceptions about kids and alcohol, support communication in the family, and encourage parents to set rules regarding alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson notes that a child's first taste of alcohol often comes from a drink offered by a parent. Contrary to the belief that sipping will satisfy kids' curiosity about alcohol and deter future drinking, previous work by Jackson and colleagues found that fifth-grade children permitted by parents to try an alcoholic beverage were twice as likely to drink in seventh grade as peers not granted sips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the short term, allowing children to try alcohol simply teaches them that parents don't mind if they have alcohol,\" Jackson says. \"In the long term, allowing children to have alcohol increases their odds of underage drinking during adolescence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If kids have positive ideas about alcohol — for example, that drinking makes one popular — they are more likely to drink, notes Jackson. The program set out to provide alternative, protective ideas. It helped parents discuss how alcohol is harmful to children's health and commit to keeping kids alcohol-free. It also sought to empower kids to reject social pressures to drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the approach, the researchers recruited third-grade children and their mothers from school districts in three southern states, primarily North Carolina. Just over 1,000 children were randomly divided into two groups, one whose families received the five-month-long alcohol prevention program, and one provided with an obesity-prevention program for comparison. The materials included magazines, games and role-playing activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson and her colleagues interviewed the kids about their beliefs and attitudes regarding alcohol before the program started. At the same time, they queried mothers about how often both parents drank and about the mother's racial and ethnic identity and education. In the second and third years of the study, families received a one-month booster program. Four years from the start of the program, the researchers asked the kids again about their alcohol-related beliefs and attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third-graders who had received the alcohol prevention program were significantly less inclined to drink at the four-year follow-up, when they were in seventh grade, than those in the obesity program. This was true regardless of their parents' drinking habits or mother's education, race or ethnicity. \"This means that the program has a sustained effect on children's attitudes and intentions about alcohol use,\" says Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids develop ideas about alcohol with or without their parents' direct input. \"Encourage conversation with kids about issues that are important to them,\" says Crano. \"You want to be the person to help them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Aimee Cunningham is a freelance science journalist based in the Washington, D.C., area.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Parents+Can+Help+Their+Underage+Kids+Resist+Alcohol&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: This essay was originally published by the\u003ca href=\"http://www.healthycal.org\" target=\"_blank\"> California Health Report\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>California’s day programs for adults with autism are underfunded and overcrowded. But with thousands of young people with developmental delays or disabilities about to reach the age at which they can no longer attend a public school and receive the many services offered there, the problem is soon going to get much, much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My daughter’s story is just one example of the limited options available for these young adults and the parents who care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Briana’s special education school abruptly closed in the fall, I was faced with the premature task of finding her a placement in an adult day program. Because she is just turning 21, she would only have one more year of special education services under the 1990 \u003ca href=\"https://www.disability.gov/individuals-disabilities-education-act-idea/\" target=\"_blank\">Individuals with Disabilities Educatio\u003c/a>n Act -- or IDEA -- which assures a free and appropriate public education to disabled students to age 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had not heard great things about the options out there, primarily because my daughter has a severe form of autism that requires a high staff-to-student ratio just to keep her safe and on task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months prior to this I had gotten a small head start by touring a residential and adult day program, in a bucolic setting among redwoods, hills and the quaint downtown streets of Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feeling I got upon walking through the door was happiness and inclusion. A music session was winding down and most participants were engaged. Several art classes were also going on concurrently, and that was just the beginning. A textile art center was abuzz with some 30 people busy at their looms, while another group was outdoors working on the nearby garden. A residential hall and six group homes were scattered about in neighboring towns where most of the clients live. \"OK,\" I thought. \"This is a program I could see my Briana in. How do I sign her up?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not so easy. There is not even a waiting list per se, and the program prefers clients that are more independent than Briana. She still needs help sometimes in the bathroom, and she needs a pair of eyeballs on her at all times due to her wandering tendencies. There really was no space for someone with such great needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what else was out there? I began the search again, this time out of urgency due to Briana’s impending loss of school placement. Our social worker at the regional center, a state-funded agency that serves people with disabilities, loosely explained the structure of existing programs. There are behavioral programs in which staff members are trained to deal with severe behaviors, such as wandering, self-injury, aggression, and toileting needs. The staff-to-client ratios in these behavioral programs start at 1:3 – one staff person for every three clients — and if needed can be moved up to 1:2 and even 1:1. In other words clients first have to try the 1:3 and fail, 1:2 and fail to get a 1:1 -- instead of just asking for the 1:1 to begin with. The program I saw in Marin was non-behavioral, so the ratio is more like 1:6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My daughter’s social worker set up more tours, and I dutifully went to each one. The first one, another non-behavioral program, was quite the opposite of the Marin program. I saw 50-plus clients crowded into two run-down rooms, many in wheelchairs parked in front of a big-screen television. It was noisy and chaotic. There were some smiles, but I didn’t picture Briana there at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked the director how often the clients went out in the community. He said once a week and with special arrangements by parents if they wanted activities like swimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I couldn’t wait to get out of there, but the following two programs, which were behavioral, were not much better. They had greater staff-to-client ratio, but the clients almost never left the building. There was no outdoor space to utilize or enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briana is outdoorsy, energetic, enthusiastic and for the most part happy. She has her down days just like all of us, but I want her to access the most the community has to offer. I was overwhelmed by a sense of sadness that felt like an open wound for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These programs, with some exceptions like the well-established one in Marin, are buckling under current conditions, and they are only going to get worse with the increasing number of adults like my daughter about to age out of the school setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand is leading some new programs to open, but they are faced with trying to operate a business without failing. This can mean sub-optimal buildings, and paying low wages to staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ratios of staff members to clients are controlled by reimbursement rates by the regional centers. The regional centers receive funding from the state Department of Developmental Services. The pay rates of some of these professionals are on par with what caregivers are paid, which is close to minimum wage. Pet sitters or baristas that serve us our coffee may earn more than we pay those important, compassionate people that care for our loved ones. Are we OK with this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time is needed to find a good day program for a disabled young adult because there are not enough options. In the next decade, 500,000 children with developmental delays will enter adulthood nationwide, overwhelming a system that is already inadequate for the current numbers. Legislative leaders need to know how bad the problem already is so that plans can be made to avoid this looming public crisis.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: This essay was originally published by the\u003ca href=\"http://www.healthycal.org\" target=\"_blank\"> California Health Report\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>California’s day programs for adults with autism are underfunded and overcrowded. But with thousands of young people with developmental delays or disabilities about to reach the age at which they can no longer attend a public school and receive the many services offered there, the problem is soon going to get much, much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My daughter’s story is just one example of the limited options available for these young adults and the parents who care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Briana’s special education school abruptly closed in the fall, I was faced with the premature task of finding her a placement in an adult day program. Because she is just turning 21, she would only have one more year of special education services under the 1990 \u003ca href=\"https://www.disability.gov/individuals-disabilities-education-act-idea/\" target=\"_blank\">Individuals with Disabilities Educatio\u003c/a>n Act -- or IDEA -- which assures a free and appropriate public education to disabled students to age 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had not heard great things about the options out there, primarily because my daughter has a severe form of autism that requires a high staff-to-student ratio just to keep her safe and on task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months prior to this I had gotten a small head start by touring a residential and adult day program, in a bucolic setting among redwoods, hills and the quaint downtown streets of Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feeling I got upon walking through the door was happiness and inclusion. A music session was winding down and most participants were engaged. Several art classes were also going on concurrently, and that was just the beginning. A textile art center was abuzz with some 30 people busy at their looms, while another group was outdoors working on the nearby garden. A residential hall and six group homes were scattered about in neighboring towns where most of the clients live. \"OK,\" I thought. \"This is a program I could see my Briana in. How do I sign her up?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not so easy. There is not even a waiting list per se, and the program prefers clients that are more independent than Briana. She still needs help sometimes in the bathroom, and she needs a pair of eyeballs on her at all times due to her wandering tendencies. There really was no space for someone with such great needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what else was out there? I began the search again, this time out of urgency due to Briana’s impending loss of school placement. Our social worker at the regional center, a state-funded agency that serves people with disabilities, loosely explained the structure of existing programs. There are behavioral programs in which staff members are trained to deal with severe behaviors, such as wandering, self-injury, aggression, and toileting needs. The staff-to-client ratios in these behavioral programs start at 1:3 – one staff person for every three clients — and if needed can be moved up to 1:2 and even 1:1. In other words clients first have to try the 1:3 and fail, 1:2 and fail to get a 1:1 -- instead of just asking for the 1:1 to begin with. The program I saw in Marin was non-behavioral, so the ratio is more like 1:6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My daughter’s social worker set up more tours, and I dutifully went to each one. The first one, another non-behavioral program, was quite the opposite of the Marin program. I saw 50-plus clients crowded into two run-down rooms, many in wheelchairs parked in front of a big-screen television. It was noisy and chaotic. There were some smiles, but I didn’t picture Briana there at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked the director how often the clients went out in the community. He said once a week and with special arrangements by parents if they wanted activities like swimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I couldn’t wait to get out of there, but the following two programs, which were behavioral, were not much better. They had greater staff-to-client ratio, but the clients almost never left the building. There was no outdoor space to utilize or enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briana is outdoorsy, energetic, enthusiastic and for the most part happy. She has her down days just like all of us, but I want her to access the most the community has to offer. I was overwhelmed by a sense of sadness that felt like an open wound for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These programs, with some exceptions like the well-established one in Marin, are buckling under current conditions, and they are only going to get worse with the increasing number of adults like my daughter about to age out of the school setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand is leading some new programs to open, but they are faced with trying to operate a business without failing. This can mean sub-optimal buildings, and paying low wages to staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ratios of staff members to clients are controlled by reimbursement rates by the regional centers. The regional centers receive funding from the state Department of Developmental Services. The pay rates of some of these professionals are on par with what caregivers are paid, which is close to minimum wage. Pet sitters or baristas that serve us our coffee may earn more than we pay those important, compassionate people that care for our loved ones. Are we OK with this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time is needed to find a good day program for a disabled young adult because there are not enough options. In the next decade, 500,000 children with developmental delays will enter adulthood nationwide, overwhelming a system that is already inadequate for the current numbers. Legislative leaders need to know how bad the problem already is so that plans can be made to avoid this looming public crisis.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What you see in the photo above is a young child getting a flu vaccine via nasal mist. The picture was taken in 2014. But you likely won't see any children getting that version of the vaccine this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have studied its effectiveness and found \"no evidence\" the spray actually prevented the flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I found this out last night, all I could think was \"My kids are going to have a cow.\" My son is at sleepaway camp, so is temporarily spared the news. But when I told my 15-year-old daughter that she would have to switch to a shot, she exclaimed, \"OH NO\" and threw her head in my lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_202763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-202763\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/IMG_1756-e1466702366826.jpg\" alt=\"A 15-year-old girl in mock horror after learning she can no longer get a flu vaccine via nasal mist. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1715\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 15-year-old girl in mock horror after learning she can no longer get a flu vaccine via nasal mist. \u003ccite>(John Storella)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(She quickly recovered.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sad news comes from the Center for Disease Control's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice which voted Wednesday that the live attenuated influenza vaccine (that's the \"nasal spray\" vaccine) should not be used in the 2016-2017 influenza season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC usually adopts the committee's recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/23/483239744/bad-news-for-kids-who-dont-like-flu-shots\" target=\"_blank\">NPR reports \u003c/a>that scientists aren't really sure why the nasal spray is no longer working:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The company [that manufactures FluMist], the FDA, and other investigators still haven't been able to put their scientific finger on the exact reason, but there are several studies that have indicated that in the United States the vaccine has underperformed in a very substantial way,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.mc.vanderbilt.edu/node/451\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. William Schaffner\u003c/a>, an infectious disease specialist at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and longtime member of the Influenza Vaccine Working Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaffner did note, however, that the spray began performing poorly when all flu vaccines were adjusted to protect against four influenza strains instead of three.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, AstraZeneca, the maker of FluMist, \u003ca href=\"https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2016/astrazeneca-provides-update-on-flumist-quadrivalent-vaccine-in-the-us-for-the-2016-17-influenza-season-23062016.html\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement \u003c/a>that it \"is working with the CDC to better understand its data to help ensure eligible patients continue to receive the vaccine in future seasons in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early studies, including randomized trials coordinated by the manufacturer, showed FluMist was highly effective, and in children performed better than traditional flu shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers looked so good that in 2014 the committee made the unusual decision to advise doctors that FluMist was better at preventing flu in healthy kids ages 2 through 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since then, studies have shown the vaccine didn't work well against the most common flu strains in any of the past three flu seasons. All flu vaccines performed poorly two winters ago, but data show FluMist performed poorly the two other seasons as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the winter that just ended, flu shots were nearly 50 percent effective against the flu strain that made most people sick. But FluMist didn't work at all, CDC researchers said, citing preliminary results from a study of about 2,300 U.S. children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Joseph Bresee, a flu expert at the CDC said there's no evidence of an increase in flu deaths among kids who had the FluMist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC recommends that everyone over age six months receives a flu vaccine every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What you see in the photo above is a young child getting a flu vaccine via nasal mist. The picture was taken in 2014. But you likely won't see any children getting that version of the vaccine this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have studied its effectiveness and found \"no evidence\" the spray actually prevented the flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I found this out last night, all I could think was \"My kids are going to have a cow.\" My son is at sleepaway camp, so is temporarily spared the news. But when I told my 15-year-old daughter that she would have to switch to a shot, she exclaimed, \"OH NO\" and threw her head in my lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_202763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-202763\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/IMG_1756-e1466702366826.jpg\" alt=\"A 15-year-old girl in mock horror after learning she can no longer get a flu vaccine via nasal mist. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1715\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 15-year-old girl in mock horror after learning she can no longer get a flu vaccine via nasal mist. \u003ccite>(John Storella)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(She quickly recovered.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sad news comes from the Center for Disease Control's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice which voted Wednesday that the live attenuated influenza vaccine (that's the \"nasal spray\" vaccine) should not be used in the 2016-2017 influenza season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC usually adopts the committee's recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/23/483239744/bad-news-for-kids-who-dont-like-flu-shots\" target=\"_blank\">NPR reports \u003c/a>that scientists aren't really sure why the nasal spray is no longer working:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The company [that manufactures FluMist], the FDA, and other investigators still haven't been able to put their scientific finger on the exact reason, but there are several studies that have indicated that in the United States the vaccine has underperformed in a very substantial way,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.mc.vanderbilt.edu/node/451\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. William Schaffner\u003c/a>, an infectious disease specialist at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and longtime member of the Influenza Vaccine Working Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaffner did note, however, that the spray began performing poorly when all flu vaccines were adjusted to protect against four influenza strains instead of three.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, AstraZeneca, the maker of FluMist, \u003ca href=\"https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2016/astrazeneca-provides-update-on-flumist-quadrivalent-vaccine-in-the-us-for-the-2016-17-influenza-season-23062016.html\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement \u003c/a>that it \"is working with the CDC to better understand its data to help ensure eligible patients continue to receive the vaccine in future seasons in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early studies, including randomized trials coordinated by the manufacturer, showed FluMist was highly effective, and in children performed better than traditional flu shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers looked so good that in 2014 the committee made the unusual decision to advise doctors that FluMist was better at preventing flu in healthy kids ages 2 through 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since then, studies have shown the vaccine didn't work well against the most common flu strains in any of the past three flu seasons. All flu vaccines performed poorly two winters ago, but data show FluMist performed poorly the two other seasons as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the winter that just ended, flu shots were nearly 50 percent effective against the flu strain that made most people sick. But FluMist didn't work at all, CDC researchers said, citing preliminary results from a study of about 2,300 U.S. children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Joseph Bresee, a flu expert at the CDC said there's no evidence of an increase in flu deaths among kids who had the FluMist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC recommends that everyone over age six months receives a flu vaccine every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is It OK For Boys To Cry?",
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"content": "\u003cp>A few weeks ago at a soccer game I was coaching, my team got trounced. They are 7 and they are not used to losing. As soon as I called the game and they realized what had just happened, two of the boys burst out crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Boys can cry -- if they do it in just the right way\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The first one cried loudly, and desperately. He was upset because he hadn't run hard enough or passed enough or scored enough goals. It was the cry of a battle commander who had let his troops down, and his father hugged him proudly. The second boy cried because of a minor injury and a general sense of exhaustion. His mom gave him a stern face and whisked him away to the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do we care if our sons cry? When I asked that question on Twitter, a handful of moms immediately wrote me back to say: Of course! I want my son to cry!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I suspect that reaction only applies to the kind of parents who follow me on Twitter, and even less so for the dads. The most fulsome and possibly honest answer I received (from a dad) was: \"I don't mind at all when my 11-year-old cries when he is overcome with emotion. I do mind when he cries over small injuries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My conclusion: I think we care a lot less about boys crying than we used to, but more than we will admit. Or to put it another way: boys can cry, if they do it in just the right way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academic research about boys and crying – or more accurately, vulnerability – shows that society is right now in a precarious place. One body of research shows that boys will fall further behind in school and in an increasingly complex society if we do not teach them how to be emotionally open and honest, able to recognize and navigate their feelings rather than stuffing them down. But another body of research shows that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/10/education/edlife/teaching-men-to-be-emotionally-honest.html\" target=\"_blank\">teaching boys to accept their own vulnerability is harder than we think.\u003c/a> Despite our best intentions, our progressive instincts, and an increasingly gender-fluid society — the mama's boy stigma dies hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, we have been stuck in this spot for a while. Nearly 20 years ago \u003cem>The Atlantic\u003c/em> ran a cover story about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2000/05/the-war-against-boys/304659/\" target=\"_blank\">boy crisis in schools\u003c/a>. Boys were falling behind in math and reading scores, in high school and college graduation rates. For working-class men this translated into a very slim chance of an easy middle-class life, as I wrote about in my 2012 book \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/End-Men-Rise-Women/dp/B00D9TA4VY\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>The End of Men\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em> Initially researchers thought that what boys needed was more ... boyishness, more rough and tumble play, more adventure stories!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now it looks like they might need the opposite. In a 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://pages.uoregon.edu/eherman/teaching/texts/DiPrete%20&%20Buchmann,%202013%20Briefing%20The-rise-of-women.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">repor\u003c/a>t, sociologists Thomas Di Prete and Claudia Buchmann wrote that \"boys' underperformance in school has more to do with society's norms about masculinity than with anatomy, hormones or brain structure.\" Boys who do extracurriculars like music, art and drama tend to get higher grades, they found, but those things are often denigrated as \"un-masculine,\" they write. And they found many examples of boys who strive for good grades being called \"pussies\" or \"fags\" by their peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why at a time when acceptable behavior for women has expanded, do men remain stuck? After all, studies of infants and young children show that \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/35/1/175/\" target=\"_blank\">babies and very young boys are just as emotive\u003c/a> as little girls. So why do we socialize it out of them? Sociologist Stephanie Coontz calls this the age of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stephaniecoontz.com/articles/article93.htm\" target=\"_blank\">masculine mystique\u003c/a>. In the 50s and early 60s it was women who were stuck in a box. But now it's men who are trapped in a narrow gender stereotype that \"prevents them from exploring the full range of their individual capabilities,\" she writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I own a 1958 book called \u003cem>The Decline of the American Male\u003c/em>. It shows a picture of a wickedly indifferent goddess woman pulling the puppet strings of a boy. Chapter One is called \"Why Do Women Dominate Him?\" The fear of female domination runs deep. You can see it in Gamergate, in Donald Trump, in bro culture on campus. In fact, it's a strain of misogyny that runs alongside gender equality. Ask the question: \"Can Boys Cry?\" and you are only likely to inflame it, confirm the fear that boys are being forced to conform to a girls' world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My guess is that there has always been an acceptable category of male vulnerability and that it always looked different from the female kind. You can see it in boys' eternal attraction to superheroes, who are simultaneously invincible and tender. You can see it in boy-men's undying love for Bruce Springsteen. Boys seem magnetized to men who express the full range of emotions. But we have lost that along the way, or at least it's gotten perverted. In her 1999 book \u003cem>Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man\u003c/em>, Susan Faludi says that these days boys are modeling themselves on what she calls \"ornamental masculinity\" – the flattened, crude version of macho that dominates TV and music and porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me the most promising efforts are the ones that address male vulnerability on its own terms, or at least in gender-neutral terms. As it happens, some of the most exciting trends in education right now are ones boys can get behind. New research on motivation encourages kids to \u003ca href=\"http://mindsetonline.com/abouttheauthor/\" target=\"_blank\">fail\u003c/a>. The newly trendy concept of grit implies a life of endless obstacle courses and toughness, something boys can also own. And my favorite, psychiatrist Jonathan Shay's program to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/us/excerpt-odysseus.html\" target=\"_blank\">ease combat trauma with Greek classics\u003c/a>. Shay sees that the classics understood something we have forgotten — that men who are coming back from war, or who have just lost a soccer game, or who are just plain tired, would naturally want to cry. But he also sees that the message is easier to take coming from a Greek hero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hanna Rosin is a co-host of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/invisibilia/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR podcast Invisibilia\u003c/a>. She's written for The Atlantic and Slate, and is the author of The End of Men.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+It+OK+For+Boys+To+Cry%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A few weeks ago at a soccer game I was coaching, my team got trounced. They are 7 and they are not used to losing. As soon as I called the game and they realized what had just happened, two of the boys burst out crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Boys can cry -- if they do it in just the right way\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The first one cried loudly, and desperately. He was upset because he hadn't run hard enough or passed enough or scored enough goals. It was the cry of a battle commander who had let his troops down, and his father hugged him proudly. The second boy cried because of a minor injury and a general sense of exhaustion. His mom gave him a stern face and whisked him away to the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do we care if our sons cry? When I asked that question on Twitter, a handful of moms immediately wrote me back to say: Of course! I want my son to cry!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I suspect that reaction only applies to the kind of parents who follow me on Twitter, and even less so for the dads. The most fulsome and possibly honest answer I received (from a dad) was: \"I don't mind at all when my 11-year-old cries when he is overcome with emotion. I do mind when he cries over small injuries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My conclusion: I think we care a lot less about boys crying than we used to, but more than we will admit. Or to put it another way: boys can cry, if they do it in just the right way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academic research about boys and crying – or more accurately, vulnerability – shows that society is right now in a precarious place. One body of research shows that boys will fall further behind in school and in an increasingly complex society if we do not teach them how to be emotionally open and honest, able to recognize and navigate their feelings rather than stuffing them down. But another body of research shows that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/10/education/edlife/teaching-men-to-be-emotionally-honest.html\" target=\"_blank\">teaching boys to accept their own vulnerability is harder than we think.\u003c/a> Despite our best intentions, our progressive instincts, and an increasingly gender-fluid society — the mama's boy stigma dies hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, we have been stuck in this spot for a while. Nearly 20 years ago \u003cem>The Atlantic\u003c/em> ran a cover story about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2000/05/the-war-against-boys/304659/\" target=\"_blank\">boy crisis in schools\u003c/a>. Boys were falling behind in math and reading scores, in high school and college graduation rates. For working-class men this translated into a very slim chance of an easy middle-class life, as I wrote about in my 2012 book \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/End-Men-Rise-Women/dp/B00D9TA4VY\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>The End of Men\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em> Initially researchers thought that what boys needed was more ... boyishness, more rough and tumble play, more adventure stories!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now it looks like they might need the opposite. In a 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://pages.uoregon.edu/eherman/teaching/texts/DiPrete%20&%20Buchmann,%202013%20Briefing%20The-rise-of-women.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">repor\u003c/a>t, sociologists Thomas Di Prete and Claudia Buchmann wrote that \"boys' underperformance in school has more to do with society's norms about masculinity than with anatomy, hormones or brain structure.\" Boys who do extracurriculars like music, art and drama tend to get higher grades, they found, but those things are often denigrated as \"un-masculine,\" they write. And they found many examples of boys who strive for good grades being called \"pussies\" or \"fags\" by their peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why at a time when acceptable behavior for women has expanded, do men remain stuck? After all, studies of infants and young children show that \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/35/1/175/\" target=\"_blank\">babies and very young boys are just as emotive\u003c/a> as little girls. So why do we socialize it out of them? Sociologist Stephanie Coontz calls this the age of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stephaniecoontz.com/articles/article93.htm\" target=\"_blank\">masculine mystique\u003c/a>. In the 50s and early 60s it was women who were stuck in a box. But now it's men who are trapped in a narrow gender stereotype that \"prevents them from exploring the full range of their individual capabilities,\" she writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I own a 1958 book called \u003cem>The Decline of the American Male\u003c/em>. It shows a picture of a wickedly indifferent goddess woman pulling the puppet strings of a boy. Chapter One is called \"Why Do Women Dominate Him?\" The fear of female domination runs deep. You can see it in Gamergate, in Donald Trump, in bro culture on campus. In fact, it's a strain of misogyny that runs alongside gender equality. Ask the question: \"Can Boys Cry?\" and you are only likely to inflame it, confirm the fear that boys are being forced to conform to a girls' world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My guess is that there has always been an acceptable category of male vulnerability and that it always looked different from the female kind. You can see it in boys' eternal attraction to superheroes, who are simultaneously invincible and tender. You can see it in boy-men's undying love for Bruce Springsteen. Boys seem magnetized to men who express the full range of emotions. But we have lost that along the way, or at least it's gotten perverted. In her 1999 book \u003cem>Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man\u003c/em>, Susan Faludi says that these days boys are modeling themselves on what she calls \"ornamental masculinity\" – the flattened, crude version of macho that dominates TV and music and porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me the most promising efforts are the ones that address male vulnerability on its own terms, or at least in gender-neutral terms. As it happens, some of the most exciting trends in education right now are ones boys can get behind. New research on motivation encourages kids to \u003ca href=\"http://mindsetonline.com/abouttheauthor/\" target=\"_blank\">fail\u003c/a>. The newly trendy concept of grit implies a life of endless obstacle courses and toughness, something boys can also own. And my favorite, psychiatrist Jonathan Shay's program to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/us/excerpt-odysseus.html\" target=\"_blank\">ease combat trauma with Greek classics\u003c/a>. Shay sees that the classics understood something we have forgotten — that men who are coming back from war, or who have just lost a soccer game, or who are just plain tired, would naturally want to cry. But he also sees that the message is easier to take coming from a Greek hero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hanna Rosin is a co-host of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/invisibilia/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR podcast Invisibilia\u003c/a>. She's written for The Atlantic and Slate, and is the author of The End of Men.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+It+OK+For+Boys+To+Cry%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, March 26, 2025: \u003c/strong>Timon Curtis has grown and developed a new perspective in the nine years since he relied on homeless services for youth as an 18-year-old in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recently contacted KQED asking to remove this article featuring him. Instead, Curtis agreed to an interview for an update on what’s changed for him since 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To all the people out there, no matter what you want to do in life, no matter how you do it, continue to keep pushing,” he said in a phone interview on March 24. “Continue to chase that dream, don’t ever stop chasing it, and always be humble no matter what.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis is now pursuing a career in music under the rap name Tpuma, and he founded Sayless Records, an LLC, two years ago. He credits a move out of Sacramento to Los Angeles as one of the first steps he took to change his life. It wasn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to give up so many times,” Curtis said. “My real supporters say, don’t give up. Your music is very passionate. Don’t ever give up no matter what.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He talked about his mother’s death in 2004 and the difficulties of being homeless at a young age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not a lot of people get to see this type of life,” he said. “At the end of the day, I can’t say it’s a gift, but I’m alive. I’m alive at the age of 27, and I’m blessed to see another day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis said he is studying music at Los Angeles City College, and he’s looking to transfer to a business of music program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>– Alex Emslie, KQED\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, June 30, 12:17 p.m: \u003c/strong>The state legislature gave final approval today to allocate an additional $10 million specifically for homeless youth emergency services over the next five years. Assembly Republicans negotiated the budget increase for shelters, food and counseling for homeless youth — the first one in over 15 years — as part of the No Place Like Home bond, which provides $2 billion for supportive housing for homeless individuals with mental illness. Governor Brown is expected to sign the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wind Youth Services drop-in center for homeless youth in Sacramento is busiest during lunch time. The air conditioned house in the city’s Oak Park neighborhood has a couple of showers, free meals and a small staff of case managers and counselors. During the day, teens and young adults let themselves in to get cleaned up, rest on the living room couches, and see about potential housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timon Curtis has been a frequent visitor since he ran away from home. He’d had enough of his family, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/269600852″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been abused, neglected, treated like mess,” says Timon, 18. “Been called names such as stupid, dumb retarded. Telling me I’d never make it, and that nobody will take me for who I am.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timon slept in a random laundry room for months, and dropped out of high school. Then someone told him about the center. From there, he began staying at an overnight shelter he trusts, the only one dedicated for homeless youth in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_199600\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-199600\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Timon Curtis, 18, at a drop in center for homeless youth in Sacramento. He is staying overnight at a local shelter for youth under age 24, the only one of its kind in the county.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timon Curtis, 18, at a drop in center for homeless youth in Sacramento. He is staying overnight at a local shelter for youth under age 24, the only one of its kind in the county. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timon can stay in the shelter for three months. But case managers back at the drop-in center are helping find him permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this wasn’t here, I’d probably be going to people on the streets asking for money, panhandling, trying to get some food,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Timon is trying to get a job and go back to high school. He dreams of becoming a radio show host one day, and works diligently writing hip-hop lyrics and recording music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, Timon was lucky to land a bed at all. The county-funded shelter has just a total of 6 beds for 18- to 24-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Intense Need’ for Homeless Youth Shelters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this year’s state budget deal includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.accoc.org/california-legislature-approves-2016-2017-state-budget/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">money set aside for housing\u003c/a> and bolsters social safety net programs, advocates question how much of those dollars will actually benefit young people living on the streets. Teens and young adults face barriers to accessing services for the wider homeless population, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most California counties — 38 out of 58 — lack services for homeless youth, according to a 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://cahomelessyouth.library.ca.gov/docs/pdf/SUMMARY-Inventory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey \u003c/a>by the California Homeless Youth Project. The programs and shelters in the remaining 20 counties are strapped, says Shahera Hyatt, director of the California Homeless Youth Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Timon’s shelter in Sacramento, demand outstrips supply, and there’s a months-long waiting list, says Anne Salvatori, from Wind Youth Services, which runs the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a bad day, … I would say (we get) between five and 10 calls for youth seeking shelter. Some with babies and kids, some without,” says Salvatori, 38. “[We] have to tell them, ‘Oh gosh, there’s a wait list.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_199601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-199601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Daniel Quirk, 24, visits the drop-in center run by Wind Youth Services in Sacramento. Quirk says he was beaten up several times while living on the streets.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Quirk, 24, visits the drop-in center run by Wind Youth Services in Sacramento. Quirk says he was beaten up several times while living on the streets. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California has the largest share of unaccompanied homeless youth in the country — more than 10,000 people under age 25 not accompanied by a parent, 28 percent of the national total, according \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2015-AHAR-Part-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to a federal study. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeless teens are often fleeing abuse at home. But living on the streets is not safer, says Salvatori. “From rape to being jumped. A lot of times people get their stuff stolen in the middle of the night,” she says. “We had a youth that was sleeping on the streets, and somebody dropped a cinder block on his head while he was sleeping in the middle of the night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/269600852″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Advocates Worry Not Enough Funds Devoted To Homeless Youth \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top state legislators say they are helping these efforts by making key investments to fight homelessness in the new budget agreement, which Gov. Jerry Brown has yet to sign. Those include $45 million for sheltering the general population on the streets, and $22 million to prevent homelessness in poor families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates say that youth are being shortchanged since they benefit the most from programs that target their specific age group, instead of the general homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concern is how much of that will specifically go towards serving homeless youth,” says Paul Curtis, with the non-profit California Coalition for Youth. “It all depends how it’s going to be implemented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeless youth on their own often fail to qualify for child welfare, and they won’t go to programs for the older chronically homeless because they don’t feel safe, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look at the adult homeless population, and they don’t identify with them. And we often don’t want them to go into those adult programs. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can be older chronic homeless adults and there’s potential for exploitation and abuse\u003c/span>,” says Curtis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis’ coalition advocated for lawmakers to set aside more funds for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.caloes.ca.gov/GrantsManagementSite/Documents/HX%2013%20done.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Homeless Youth and Exploitation Program\u003c/a>, the only dedicated state funding for shelters, food, counseling and other short term services aimed at youth exiting street life who might also be victims of sexual exploitation. The program has received about $1 million annually in state funding for over 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Assembly budget proposal to add over $12 million to the funding fell through last week during negotiations with the governor’s office and senate, says Assemblymember Phil Ting, D-San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We fought for it, but we just weren’t able to get it across the finish line,” says Ting. “We did a lot for homelessness. I personally would like to do even more, but we have financial constraints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, March 26, 2025: \u003c/strong>Timon Curtis has grown and developed a new perspective in the nine years since he relied on homeless services for youth as an 18-year-old in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recently contacted KQED asking to remove this article featuring him. Instead, Curtis agreed to an interview for an update on what’s changed for him since 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To all the people out there, no matter what you want to do in life, no matter how you do it, continue to keep pushing,” he said in a phone interview on March 24. “Continue to chase that dream, don’t ever stop chasing it, and always be humble no matter what.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis is now pursuing a career in music under the rap name Tpuma, and he founded Sayless Records, an LLC, two years ago. He credits a move out of Sacramento to Los Angeles as one of the first steps he took to change his life. It wasn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to give up so many times,” Curtis said. “My real supporters say, don’t give up. Your music is very passionate. Don’t ever give up no matter what.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He talked about his mother’s death in 2004 and the difficulties of being homeless at a young age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not a lot of people get to see this type of life,” he said. “At the end of the day, I can’t say it’s a gift, but I’m alive. I’m alive at the age of 27, and I’m blessed to see another day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis said he is studying music at Los Angeles City College, and he’s looking to transfer to a business of music program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>– Alex Emslie, KQED\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, June 30, 12:17 p.m: \u003c/strong>The state legislature gave final approval today to allocate an additional $10 million specifically for homeless youth emergency services over the next five years. Assembly Republicans negotiated the budget increase for shelters, food and counseling for homeless youth — the first one in over 15 years — as part of the No Place Like Home bond, which provides $2 billion for supportive housing for homeless individuals with mental illness. Governor Brown is expected to sign the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wind Youth Services drop-in center for homeless youth in Sacramento is busiest during lunch time. The air conditioned house in the city’s Oak Park neighborhood has a couple of showers, free meals and a small staff of case managers and counselors. During the day, teens and young adults let themselves in to get cleaned up, rest on the living room couches, and see about potential housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timon Curtis has been a frequent visitor since he ran away from home. He’d had enough of his family, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/269600852″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/269600852″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been abused, neglected, treated like mess,” says Timon, 18. “Been called names such as stupid, dumb retarded. Telling me I’d never make it, and that nobody will take me for who I am.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timon slept in a random laundry room for months, and dropped out of high school. Then someone told him about the center. From there, he began staying at an overnight shelter he trusts, the only one dedicated for homeless youth in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_199600\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-199600\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Timon Curtis, 18, at a drop in center for homeless youth in Sacramento. He is staying overnight at a local shelter for youth under age 24, the only one of its kind in the county.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19872_IMG_0035-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timon Curtis, 18, at a drop in center for homeless youth in Sacramento. He is staying overnight at a local shelter for youth under age 24, the only one of its kind in the county. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timon can stay in the shelter for three months. But case managers back at the drop-in center are helping find him permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this wasn’t here, I’d probably be going to people on the streets asking for money, panhandling, trying to get some food,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Timon is trying to get a job and go back to high school. He dreams of becoming a radio show host one day, and works diligently writing hip-hop lyrics and recording music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, Timon was lucky to land a bed at all. The county-funded shelter has just a total of 6 beds for 18- to 24-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Intense Need’ for Homeless Youth Shelters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this year’s state budget deal includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.accoc.org/california-legislature-approves-2016-2017-state-budget/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">money set aside for housing\u003c/a> and bolsters social safety net programs, advocates question how much of those dollars will actually benefit young people living on the streets. Teens and young adults face barriers to accessing services for the wider homeless population, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most California counties — 38 out of 58 — lack services for homeless youth, according to a 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://cahomelessyouth.library.ca.gov/docs/pdf/SUMMARY-Inventory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey \u003c/a>by the California Homeless Youth Project. The programs and shelters in the remaining 20 counties are strapped, says Shahera Hyatt, director of the California Homeless Youth Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Timon’s shelter in Sacramento, demand outstrips supply, and there’s a months-long waiting list, says Anne Salvatori, from Wind Youth Services, which runs the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a bad day, … I would say (we get) between five and 10 calls for youth seeking shelter. Some with babies and kids, some without,” says Salvatori, 38. “[We] have to tell them, ‘Oh gosh, there’s a wait list.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_199601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-199601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Daniel Quirk, 24, visits the drop-in center run by Wind Youth Services in Sacramento. Quirk says he was beaten up several times while living on the streets.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19873_IMG_0039-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Quirk, 24, visits the drop-in center run by Wind Youth Services in Sacramento. Quirk says he was beaten up several times while living on the streets. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California has the largest share of unaccompanied homeless youth in the country — more than 10,000 people under age 25 not accompanied by a parent, 28 percent of the national total, according \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2015-AHAR-Part-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to a federal study. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeless teens are often fleeing abuse at home. But living on the streets is not safer, says Salvatori. “From rape to being jumped. A lot of times people get their stuff stolen in the middle of the night,” she says. “We had a youth that was sleeping on the streets, and somebody dropped a cinder block on his head while he was sleeping in the middle of the night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/269600852″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/269600852″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Advocates Worry Not Enough Funds Devoted To Homeless Youth \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top state legislators say they are helping these efforts by making key investments to fight homelessness in the new budget agreement, which Gov. Jerry Brown has yet to sign. Those include $45 million for sheltering the general population on the streets, and $22 million to prevent homelessness in poor families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates say that youth are being shortchanged since they benefit the most from programs that target their specific age group, instead of the general homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concern is how much of that will specifically go towards serving homeless youth,” says Paul Curtis, with the non-profit California Coalition for Youth. “It all depends how it’s going to be implemented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeless youth on their own often fail to qualify for child welfare, and they won’t go to programs for the older chronically homeless because they don’t feel safe, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look at the adult homeless population, and they don’t identify with them. And we often don’t want them to go into those adult programs. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can be older chronic homeless adults and there’s potential for exploitation and abuse\u003c/span>,” says Curtis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis’ coalition advocated for lawmakers to set aside more funds for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.caloes.ca.gov/GrantsManagementSite/Documents/HX%2013%20done.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Homeless Youth and Exploitation Program\u003c/a>, the only dedicated state funding for shelters, food, counseling and other short term services aimed at youth exiting street life who might also be victims of sexual exploitation. The program has received about $1 million annually in state funding for over 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Assembly budget proposal to add over $12 million to the funding fell through last week during negotiations with the governor’s office and senate, says Assemblymember Phil Ting, D-San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We fought for it, but we just weren’t able to get it across the finish line,” says Ting. “We did a lot for homelessness. I personally would like to do even more, but we have financial constraints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Day Camp for Transgender Youth Allows Kids to be Themselves",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two years ago, a six-year-old girl named Scarlett went to her first girl’s empowerment summer camp. But on the first day Scarlett’s best friend got mad at her after being left out of a game. In a moment of anger, she shared something private about Scarlett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(The friend) told everyone at camp that Scarlett was a biological boy,\" remembers Sandra Collins, Scarlett's mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter had gone to camp in stealth mode. Scarlett didn’t tell anyone that she was born a boy, that her parents had named her Ezra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being outed, \"Scarlett came home really sad, crying because she said, 'I don’t know how I’m going to go back because everybody knows I was born a biological boy even though I know I’m a girl,'\" Sandra Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/268543838\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarlett first started expressing her female gender when she was two, going off to preschool in boy clothes, then changing into spare clothes at school and coming home dressed as a girl. She transitioned fully to Scarlett at six -- going by that name all the time, using female pronouns in reference to herself and wearing girl's clothes. So when her friend told everyone at camp Scarlett was a boy, she was devastated, but only initially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Scarlett, being the amazing, empathetic soul that she is,\" says Collins, \"was able to go to camp the next day and go for the remainder of that week and the following week.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarlett still plays with that friend today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_196100\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1154px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-196100 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC-.jpg\" alt=\"Scarlett Collins' (right) experiences influenced her mother, Sandra Collins (L), to found a day camp for transgender kids and teens. \" width=\"1154\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC-.jpg 1154w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC--400x333.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC--800x666.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC--768x639.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC--960x799.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1154px) 100vw, 1154px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Collins (L), said her young daughter's experiences informed her decision to found a day camp for transgender kids and teens. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sandra Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This experience stayed with Sandra. She realized it’s a lot to ask kids to keep big secrets about identity. That's why last summer she started two day camps for transgender and gender fluid kids and teenagers where they can be themselves. No sneaking around; no fear of bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The camps -- \u003ca href=\"http://rainbowdaycamp.org/\">Bay Area Rainbow Day Camp\u003c/a> for kids and \u003ca href=\"http://www.campkickinit.com/\">Camp Kickin' It\u003c/a> for teens -- offer two week-long sessions in El Cerrito, outside San Francisco. While there are a handful of overnight camps for transgender youth and their allies, Collins' camps seem to be the only day camps in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarlett, now eight, loves it. \"It’s a place where gender creative and gender fluid people can have fun together,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the big picture. Actual day-to-day camp activities sound like pretty much any other camp. \"We have snack in the morning. And then we also get to play on the play structure,\" Scarlett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That very normal-sounding response is what camp director AK Kramer is going for. \"It’s a very traditional camp. We throw water balloons at each other. We make art projects. I got pied in the face,\" Kramer says. \"But because of our poetry unit or because of storytelling where all the stories we read are about gender creative kids, things really come up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they do, the camp has therapists on staff who are ready to talk. Another benefit of camp is its positive role models. Camp director Kramer and many counselors are transgender, making it easier for campers to imagine what life would be like as a teen or a grown up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kramer says even one week can have a big impact on kids' confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They come day one and the kids are a little bit more reserved, and they’re not sure what to expect. By day four or five everyone’s in princess wigs, and they just are presenting much more how they see themselves,\" he says. \"The parents are so moved by that and also I think really scared for their kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fear comes from a world that isn’t as kind as Rainbow Day Camp. Research shows transgender people have higher rates of depression, suicide, and homelessness among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s controversy about whether parents should let their kids transition to another gender, especially at a young age. But these parents have decided this is the best choice for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a quiet revolution going on here in the Bay Area in terms of allowing our children to transition so young,\" says Collins. \"And we’re doing it very thoughtfully and mindfully.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_196101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-196101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Teens in Camp Kickin' It, a day camp for transgender teens, go on an excursion to the Oakland Museum.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teens in Camp Kickin' It, a day camp for transgender teens, go on an excursion to the Oakland Museum. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sandra Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She points to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/02/25/transgender-children-living-openly-are-doing-well-study-shows/\" target=\"_blank\">study released in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>\u003c/a> earlier this year. It says trans children who live as their preferred gender and are supported by their parents have the same mental health outcomes as other kids their age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, Collins has grown the camps into a larger nonprofit called enGender. The organization's goals are to support both trans children and children who do not identify as either gender, as well as their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of enGender's work is running a monthly playgroup. Kids meet in a school library in El Cerrito where they jump around on large blue foam blocks or work on art pieces. While the kids play, parents meet separately in a formal support group. Topics range from navigating school systems to self-care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This network has really helped parent Nancy Brunn. \"There is a time you have to get past the fear for them to be able to really appreciate the incredible gift that it is to have a child that’s gender expansive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"xxrZBycpzDZUhsSdtdgzzIyKmJj8TyKK\"]\u003cbr>\nBrunn and her kids never miss playgroups, even though they live a 45-minute drive away. Brunn's eight-year-old twins also went to Bay Area Rainbow Day Camp last summer. While one of her twins is transgender, the other isn’t, but embraces her role as an advocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For Pride weekend she made a sign that said, 'I love trans,'\" says Brunn. \"She had just completed kindergarten so just beginning writing, and that was what she wanted to write.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, eight-year-old Scarlett is speaking up for transgender issues, too. Last year when her teacher talked about transgender awareness, she felt shy and left the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But this year she raised her hand and (said), 'I’m transgender and my job is to educate people on how to have empathy,'\" her mother says, while growing emotional. \"That’s when I realized she had pride, right?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandra Collins' camp starts at the end of June. Eventually, she hopes Bay Area Rainbow Day Camp won't be so unique. She wants this model to grow so transgender kids across the country experience camp the way most of us do: as a safe, fun, and sometimes crazy place.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "There are some summer sleepaway camps for trans children and teens, but these day camps in El Cerrito may be the first in the country.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two years ago, a six-year-old girl named Scarlett went to her first girl’s empowerment summer camp. But on the first day Scarlett’s best friend got mad at her after being left out of a game. In a moment of anger, she shared something private about Scarlett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(The friend) told everyone at camp that Scarlett was a biological boy,\" remembers Sandra Collins, Scarlett's mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter had gone to camp in stealth mode. Scarlett didn’t tell anyone that she was born a boy, that her parents had named her Ezra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being outed, \"Scarlett came home really sad, crying because she said, 'I don’t know how I’m going to go back because everybody knows I was born a biological boy even though I know I’m a girl,'\" Sandra Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/268543838&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/268543838'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarlett first started expressing her female gender when she was two, going off to preschool in boy clothes, then changing into spare clothes at school and coming home dressed as a girl. She transitioned fully to Scarlett at six -- going by that name all the time, using female pronouns in reference to herself and wearing girl's clothes. So when her friend told everyone at camp Scarlett was a boy, she was devastated, but only initially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Scarlett, being the amazing, empathetic soul that she is,\" says Collins, \"was able to go to camp the next day and go for the remainder of that week and the following week.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarlett still plays with that friend today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_196100\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1154px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-196100 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC-.jpg\" alt=\"Scarlett Collins' (right) experiences influenced her mother, Sandra Collins (L), to found a day camp for transgender kids and teens. \" width=\"1154\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC-.jpg 1154w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC--400x333.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC--800x666.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC--768x639.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19739_Scarlett_SC--960x799.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1154px) 100vw, 1154px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Collins (L), said her young daughter's experiences informed her decision to found a day camp for transgender kids and teens. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sandra Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This experience stayed with Sandra. She realized it’s a lot to ask kids to keep big secrets about identity. That's why last summer she started two day camps for transgender and gender fluid kids and teenagers where they can be themselves. No sneaking around; no fear of bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The camps -- \u003ca href=\"http://rainbowdaycamp.org/\">Bay Area Rainbow Day Camp\u003c/a> for kids and \u003ca href=\"http://www.campkickinit.com/\">Camp Kickin' It\u003c/a> for teens -- offer two week-long sessions in El Cerrito, outside San Francisco. While there are a handful of overnight camps for transgender youth and their allies, Collins' camps seem to be the only day camps in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarlett, now eight, loves it. \"It’s a place where gender creative and gender fluid people can have fun together,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the big picture. Actual day-to-day camp activities sound like pretty much any other camp. \"We have snack in the morning. And then we also get to play on the play structure,\" Scarlett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That very normal-sounding response is what camp director AK Kramer is going for. \"It’s a very traditional camp. We throw water balloons at each other. We make art projects. I got pied in the face,\" Kramer says. \"But because of our poetry unit or because of storytelling where all the stories we read are about gender creative kids, things really come up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they do, the camp has therapists on staff who are ready to talk. Another benefit of camp is its positive role models. Camp director Kramer and many counselors are transgender, making it easier for campers to imagine what life would be like as a teen or a grown up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kramer says even one week can have a big impact on kids' confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They come day one and the kids are a little bit more reserved, and they’re not sure what to expect. By day four or five everyone’s in princess wigs, and they just are presenting much more how they see themselves,\" he says. \"The parents are so moved by that and also I think really scared for their kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fear comes from a world that isn’t as kind as Rainbow Day Camp. Research shows transgender people have higher rates of depression, suicide, and homelessness among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s controversy about whether parents should let their kids transition to another gender, especially at a young age. But these parents have decided this is the best choice for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a quiet revolution going on here in the Bay Area in terms of allowing our children to transition so young,\" says Collins. \"And we’re doing it very thoughtfully and mindfully.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_196101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-196101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Teens in Camp Kickin' It, a day camp for transgender teens, go on an excursion to the Oakland Museum.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/06/RS19741_teen-oma-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teens in Camp Kickin' It, a day camp for transgender teens, go on an excursion to the Oakland Museum. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sandra Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She points to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/02/25/transgender-children-living-openly-are-doing-well-study-shows/\" target=\"_blank\">study released in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>\u003c/a> earlier this year. It says trans children who live as their preferred gender and are supported by their parents have the same mental health outcomes as other kids their age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, Collins has grown the camps into a larger nonprofit called enGender. The organization's goals are to support both trans children and children who do not identify as either gender, as well as their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of enGender's work is running a monthly playgroup. Kids meet in a school library in El Cerrito where they jump around on large blue foam blocks or work on art pieces. While the kids play, parents meet separately in a formal support group. Topics range from navigating school systems to self-care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This network has really helped parent Nancy Brunn. \"There is a time you have to get past the fear for them to be able to really appreciate the incredible gift that it is to have a child that’s gender expansive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nBrunn and her kids never miss playgroups, even though they live a 45-minute drive away. Brunn's eight-year-old twins also went to Bay Area Rainbow Day Camp last summer. While one of her twins is transgender, the other isn’t, but embraces her role as an advocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For Pride weekend she made a sign that said, 'I love trans,'\" says Brunn. \"She had just completed kindergarten so just beginning writing, and that was what she wanted to write.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, eight-year-old Scarlett is speaking up for transgender issues, too. Last year when her teacher talked about transgender awareness, she felt shy and left the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But this year she raised her hand and (said), 'I’m transgender and my job is to educate people on how to have empathy,'\" her mother says, while growing emotional. \"That’s when I realized she had pride, right?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandra Collins' camp starts at the end of June. Eventually, she hopes Bay Area Rainbow Day Camp won't be so unique. She wants this model to grow so transgender kids across the country experience camp the way most of us do: as a safe, fun, and sometimes crazy place.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fever-Caused Seizures Following Vaccines Are Rare, Study Says",
"title": "Fever-Caused Seizures Following Vaccines Are Rare, Study Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>A seizure caused by a fever in a young child can be terrifying, and some parents worry that the occasional fever that can follow a vaccine may cause one. But febrile seizures after vaccines are rare, a study finds, affecting 3 children out of 10,000. And children almost always recover completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you're really concerned about febrile seizures, the smartest strategy is to protect your child against the infection with the vaccine.'\u003ccite> Dr. Mark Schleiss, University of Minnesota \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"http://https/www.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0320\" target=\"_blank\">published\u003c/a> Monday in \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>, found that only a few vaccines or vaccine combinations increase the risk of febrile seizures. The pneumococcal vaccine given alone increases the risk, and so does the flu vaccine \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/febrile-seizures.html\" target=\"_blank\">if given at the same time\u003c/a> as either the pneumococcal vaccine or DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pneumococcal vaccine, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/prevention.html\" target=\"_blank\">PCV\u003c/a>, protects against \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/symptoms-complications.html\" target=\"_blank\">pneumococcal disease\u003c/a>. The pneumococcus bacteria can cause infections ranging from an ear infection to pneumonia to pneumococcal meningitis, which kills 1 in 15 children under 5 who develop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The basic message is, while there is an increase compared to giving them on separate days, the absolute amount of that risk is so, so very small that for the average person, it won't really affect their chances of having a febrile seizure,\" lead study author Jonathan Duffy tells Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/febrile-seizures.html\" target=\"_blank\">Febrile seizures\u003c/a>, he adds, are considered \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/febrile_seizures/detail_febrile_seizures.htm\" target=\"_blank\">isolated, benign events\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199806113382403\">no long-term consequences\u003c/a> in the vast majority of children. They occur in approximately 2 to 5 percent of children, caused infections or other conditions that can cause a fever, according to Mark Sawyer, a professor of clinical pediatrics at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For anybody who's seen a febrile seizure, it is a scary experience,\" Sawyer says. \"People are not responding, sometimes they are not breathing very effectively, and there's uncontrolled twitching of arms and legs, so people assume there must be something major going on in the brain, but fortunately, that's not the case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Febrile seizures occur most typically in children between 1 and 2 years old — the same ages when children receive a number of vaccines. Sometimes other seizures may follow if the child has a disorder such as epilepsy, but no evidence has suggested that a febrile seizure can cause seizure disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"8VcV4BxtEHpXyGeu3r8hp8gT3BWcJ8eq\"]\"If you're really concerned about febrile seizures, the smartest strategy is to protect your child against the infection with the vaccine,\" Mark Schleiss, director of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Minnesota, told Shots. About 20 percent of children hospitalized for influenza, for example, experience febrile seizures, he says. \"I find this paper reassuring about vaccine safety,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duffy, a medical officer in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Immunization Safety Office, says they conducted the study to follow up on reports five years ago that found an increased risk of febrile seizures when the flu and pneumococcal vaccines were given the same day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study used the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/monitoring/vsd/\" target=\"_blank\">Vaccine Safety Datalink\u003c/a>, a massive database that tracks millions of children receiving vaccines in nine health systems across the U.S. The very large population size — approximately 9.8 million for this study — ensures the highest quality data possible in assessing vaccine safety. It's the largest vaccine safety surveillance program of its kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers identified all children between 6 and 23 months old who had a febrile seizure within 20 days of at least one vaccine between 2006 and 2011. They compared the number of seizures occurring the day of or after a vaccine with those occurring 14 to 20 days after the vaccine in the same children. The first 24 hours is the time a febrile seizure caused by inactivated vaccines is biologically possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers skipped days 2 to 14 because febrile seizures from live vaccines, such as the measles-mumps-rubella and chickenpox vaccines, are biologically likely then. The risk of a febrile seizure from these vaccines is already known to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm#mmr\" target=\"_blank\">1 in 3,000 doses\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among 333 febrile seizures that occurred following nearly 2 million vaccinations, half the children had had a previous febrile seizure. Those not caused by a vaccine resulted from respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, ear infections and viral infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slightly increased risk of 3 febrile seizures per 10,000 children existed when receiving the PCV vaccine by itself, the inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine with either the PCV or DTaP vaccine, or all three vaccines together. A commentary accompanying the study, co-authored by Sawyer, calculated that this risk translates to approximately 1 child with a vaccine-caused febrile seizure every 5 to 10 years in the practice of an average pediatrician, seeing 1,000 children under 5 each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we've done all this work to quantify this risk, what we've found is that even at the highest risk we've seen [it] is still very small in absolute terms,\" Duffy says. \"The pneumococcal vaccine prevents life-threatening conditions such as blood infections and meningitis, so the benefits of getting that vaccine are so much greater than the very small risk of getting a febrile seizure, which does not have the potential to cause long-term damage such as those infections can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QbxAZEYCN7eWqqP2AQTHo0gSstZlB3dp\"]Though parents of children with a history of febrile seizures might want to discuss separating these vaccines with their child's doctor, that's not the wisest plan overall, Sawyer told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we know from many years of experience is that every time you skip a vaccine, a certain percentage of those kids will never get that vaccine or the doctor doesn't realize they didn't get that vaccine,\" Sawyer says. \"Parents are going to naturally assume 'That's not me, of course I'll bring my child back,' but not everybody does, and then we have susceptible children in our community.\" Separating these vaccines also leaves children susceptible to those illnesses for longer, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like not wearing a seat belt for two weeks,\" Sawyer says. \"If you end up in a car accident in those two weeks, you're going to wish you had been wearing your seat belt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Febrile+Seizures+After+Childhood+Vaccines+Are+Rare%2C+Study+Finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A seizure caused by a fever in a young child can be terrifying, and some parents worry that the occasional fever that can follow a vaccine may cause one. But febrile seizures after vaccines are rare, a study finds, affecting 3 children out of 10,000. And children almost always recover completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you're really concerned about febrile seizures, the smartest strategy is to protect your child against the infection with the vaccine.'\u003ccite> Dr. Mark Schleiss, University of Minnesota \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"http://https/www.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0320\" target=\"_blank\">published\u003c/a> Monday in \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>, found that only a few vaccines or vaccine combinations increase the risk of febrile seizures. The pneumococcal vaccine given alone increases the risk, and so does the flu vaccine \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/febrile-seizures.html\" target=\"_blank\">if given at the same time\u003c/a> as either the pneumococcal vaccine or DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pneumococcal vaccine, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/prevention.html\" target=\"_blank\">PCV\u003c/a>, protects against \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/symptoms-complications.html\" target=\"_blank\">pneumococcal disease\u003c/a>. The pneumococcus bacteria can cause infections ranging from an ear infection to pneumonia to pneumococcal meningitis, which kills 1 in 15 children under 5 who develop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The basic message is, while there is an increase compared to giving them on separate days, the absolute amount of that risk is so, so very small that for the average person, it won't really affect their chances of having a febrile seizure,\" lead study author Jonathan Duffy tells Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/febrile-seizures.html\" target=\"_blank\">Febrile seizures\u003c/a>, he adds, are considered \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/febrile_seizures/detail_febrile_seizures.htm\" target=\"_blank\">isolated, benign events\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199806113382403\">no long-term consequences\u003c/a> in the vast majority of children. They occur in approximately 2 to 5 percent of children, caused infections or other conditions that can cause a fever, according to Mark Sawyer, a professor of clinical pediatrics at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For anybody who's seen a febrile seizure, it is a scary experience,\" Sawyer says. \"People are not responding, sometimes they are not breathing very effectively, and there's uncontrolled twitching of arms and legs, so people assume there must be something major going on in the brain, but fortunately, that's not the case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Febrile seizures occur most typically in children between 1 and 2 years old — the same ages when children receive a number of vaccines. Sometimes other seizures may follow if the child has a disorder such as epilepsy, but no evidence has suggested that a febrile seizure can cause seizure disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"If you're really concerned about febrile seizures, the smartest strategy is to protect your child against the infection with the vaccine,\" Mark Schleiss, director of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Minnesota, told Shots. About 20 percent of children hospitalized for influenza, for example, experience febrile seizures, he says. \"I find this paper reassuring about vaccine safety,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duffy, a medical officer in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Immunization Safety Office, says they conducted the study to follow up on reports five years ago that found an increased risk of febrile seizures when the flu and pneumococcal vaccines were given the same day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study used the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/monitoring/vsd/\" target=\"_blank\">Vaccine Safety Datalink\u003c/a>, a massive database that tracks millions of children receiving vaccines in nine health systems across the U.S. The very large population size — approximately 9.8 million for this study — ensures the highest quality data possible in assessing vaccine safety. It's the largest vaccine safety surveillance program of its kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers identified all children between 6 and 23 months old who had a febrile seizure within 20 days of at least one vaccine between 2006 and 2011. They compared the number of seizures occurring the day of or after a vaccine with those occurring 14 to 20 days after the vaccine in the same children. The first 24 hours is the time a febrile seizure caused by inactivated vaccines is biologically possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers skipped days 2 to 14 because febrile seizures from live vaccines, such as the measles-mumps-rubella and chickenpox vaccines, are biologically likely then. The risk of a febrile seizure from these vaccines is already known to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm#mmr\" target=\"_blank\">1 in 3,000 doses\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among 333 febrile seizures that occurred following nearly 2 million vaccinations, half the children had had a previous febrile seizure. Those not caused by a vaccine resulted from respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, ear infections and viral infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slightly increased risk of 3 febrile seizures per 10,000 children existed when receiving the PCV vaccine by itself, the inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine with either the PCV or DTaP vaccine, or all three vaccines together. A commentary accompanying the study, co-authored by Sawyer, calculated that this risk translates to approximately 1 child with a vaccine-caused febrile seizure every 5 to 10 years in the practice of an average pediatrician, seeing 1,000 children under 5 each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we've done all this work to quantify this risk, what we've found is that even at the highest risk we've seen [it] is still very small in absolute terms,\" Duffy says. \"The pneumococcal vaccine prevents life-threatening conditions such as blood infections and meningitis, so the benefits of getting that vaccine are so much greater than the very small risk of getting a febrile seizure, which does not have the potential to cause long-term damage such as those infections can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Though parents of children with a history of febrile seizures might want to discuss separating these vaccines with their child's doctor, that's not the wisest plan overall, Sawyer told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we know from many years of experience is that every time you skip a vaccine, a certain percentage of those kids will never get that vaccine or the doctor doesn't realize they didn't get that vaccine,\" Sawyer says. \"Parents are going to naturally assume 'That's not me, of course I'll bring my child back,' but not everybody does, and then we have susceptible children in our community.\" Separating these vaccines also leaves children susceptible to those illnesses for longer, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like not wearing a seat belt for two weeks,\" Sawyer says. \"If you end up in a car accident in those two weeks, you're going to wish you had been wearing your seat belt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Febrile+Seizures+After+Childhood+Vaccines+Are+Rare%2C+Study+Finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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