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"content": "\u003cp>The cost of providing full Medi-Cal benefits to undocumented immigrant children in California could be significantly more than the state’s health care agency has projected, according to experts and advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because state officials may have underestimated the number of kids in the United States illegally who will be eligible for the program -– though it’s hard to know precisely by how much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health Care Services has said about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/17/california-budget-includes-health-coverage-of-undocumented-children-a-first-nationally/\" target=\"_blank\">170,000 such children\u003c/a> will be eligible for full Medi-Cal beginning in May, when the expansion takes effect, and that covering them will cost the state $142.8 million in fiscal year 2016-2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some advocates believe the number of eligible kids – and thus the price of covering them – will be much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, no, it’s going to be a lot more than that,” said Mark Diel, executive director of California Coverage and Health Initiatives, a children’s health advocacy group based in Sacramento. “We think the overall number will be more like 260,000 kids who will be eligible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, Diel believes, could add roughly $40 million to the health care department’s projection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the regular Medi-Cal program, which is a partnership with the federal government, the state of California must foot the full bill for coverage of kids who are not in the country legally, except when they seek emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s missing from the state’s estimate of that bill, Diehl said, are at least 70,000 undocumented children currently receiving benefits through Kaiser Permanente and about 20,000 more who get varying levels of care through county programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, those additional 90,000 children will not be as expensive to cover as the ones counted by state health officials, because they already are receiving care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the 170,000 eligible children included in the state’s estimate “don’t have any care at all right now, outside of some of them getting care in the ER,” Diel explained. “It will be their first year of coverage, and that’s a lot more expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 90,000 additional children who are already getting care would cost about half as much as the first-timers, on average, because “it’s easier to care for them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"8LfJdr5rt0Uz6n9ZjpXzSqG4uMKL0DYQ\"]But the state’s eligibility numbers could be off by even more than 90,000, said Richard Figueroa, program director at the California Endowment, a health care philanthropy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said as many as 300,000 children in the country illegally might be eligible for full Medi-Cal benefits, though no one really knows exactly how many children in California are without legal papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diel said his estimate of $40 million in extra state spending is a conservative number. “It’s speculation, but it’s speculation based on past experience,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Coleman, government affairs manager in the Sacramento office of the Los Angeles-based California Immigrant Policy Center, a think tank and advocacy group, said it is premature to pin down the cost of covering the children living in the U.S. and California illegally who are not yet counted by the health care department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, “it’s safe to say the state will have to put additional funds into this,” Coleman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figures on those living in the U.S. and California without legal permission are unclear, and the cost of caring for children who already have some kind of coverage is also uncertain, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that not all of the 70,000 or more kids currently getting care through Kaiser Permanente will necessarily go into Medi-Cal. Talks are underway to decide how best to care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the equation could change if a federal court injunction is lifted on President Barack Obama’s executive order offering citizenship to some of these people, Coleman noted. The Supreme Court in January agreed to hear the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the injunction is lifted, some of the kids in California could be eligible for citizenship under Obama’s order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming they qualified, they would be covered under regular Medi-Cal, which gets significant funding from the federal government, thus reducing the state’s bill for their care.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The cost of providing full Medi-Cal benefits to undocumented immigrant children in California could be significantly more than the state’s health care agency has projected, according to experts and advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because state officials may have underestimated the number of kids in the United States illegally who will be eligible for the program -– though it’s hard to know precisely by how much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health Care Services has said about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/17/california-budget-includes-health-coverage-of-undocumented-children-a-first-nationally/\" target=\"_blank\">170,000 such children\u003c/a> will be eligible for full Medi-Cal beginning in May, when the expansion takes effect, and that covering them will cost the state $142.8 million in fiscal year 2016-2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some advocates believe the number of eligible kids – and thus the price of covering them – will be much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, no, it’s going to be a lot more than that,” said Mark Diel, executive director of California Coverage and Health Initiatives, a children’s health advocacy group based in Sacramento. “We think the overall number will be more like 260,000 kids who will be eligible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, Diel believes, could add roughly $40 million to the health care department’s projection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the regular Medi-Cal program, which is a partnership with the federal government, the state of California must foot the full bill for coverage of kids who are not in the country legally, except when they seek emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s missing from the state’s estimate of that bill, Diehl said, are at least 70,000 undocumented children currently receiving benefits through Kaiser Permanente and about 20,000 more who get varying levels of care through county programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, those additional 90,000 children will not be as expensive to cover as the ones counted by state health officials, because they already are receiving care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the 170,000 eligible children included in the state’s estimate “don’t have any care at all right now, outside of some of them getting care in the ER,” Diel explained. “It will be their first year of coverage, and that’s a lot more expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 90,000 additional children who are already getting care would cost about half as much as the first-timers, on average, because “it’s easier to care for them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But the state’s eligibility numbers could be off by even more than 90,000, said Richard Figueroa, program director at the California Endowment, a health care philanthropy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said as many as 300,000 children in the country illegally might be eligible for full Medi-Cal benefits, though no one really knows exactly how many children in California are without legal papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diel said his estimate of $40 million in extra state spending is a conservative number. “It’s speculation, but it’s speculation based on past experience,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Coleman, government affairs manager in the Sacramento office of the Los Angeles-based California Immigrant Policy Center, a think tank and advocacy group, said it is premature to pin down the cost of covering the children living in the U.S. and California illegally who are not yet counted by the health care department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, “it’s safe to say the state will have to put additional funds into this,” Coleman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figures on those living in the U.S. and California without legal permission are unclear, and the cost of caring for children who already have some kind of coverage is also uncertain, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that not all of the 70,000 or more kids currently getting care through Kaiser Permanente will necessarily go into Medi-Cal. Talks are underway to decide how best to care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the equation could change if a federal court injunction is lifted on President Barack Obama’s executive order offering citizenship to some of these people, Coleman noted. The Supreme Court in January agreed to hear the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the injunction is lifted, some of the kids in California could be eligible for citizenship under Obama’s order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming they qualified, they would be covered under regular Medi-Cal, which gets significant funding from the federal government, thus reducing the state’s bill for their care.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As a college student, Rob Bonta had a summer job working as a counselor for troubled kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, two decades later, he is bringing legislation to address some of the needs he saw then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I worked with some of these kids as a counselor out of college, and I'd walk them home and hear some of these stories,\" said Assemblyman Bonta, D-Oakland. \"Shootings they heard. Or shootings they witnessed the night before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We see childhood trauma as a public health crisis that is critical for the state to address.'\u003ccite>Ben Rubin, Children Now \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was the summer of his junior year at Yale, when he worked in the Leadership Education and Athletics Partnership program in Connecticut. That took him to a side of New Haven many people don't see -- the economically depressed inner city. He said kids there endured trauma, sometimes on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those traumatic events add up in children's lives, Bonta said, and \u003ca href=\"https://app.box.com/s/dw2tev06fny3tczomb68/1/2622361035/22579574285/1\" target=\"_blank\">have been shown\u003c/a> to result in higher risk of chronic health conditions and risky health behaviors later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical community uses a scale of ACE indicators -- for adverse childhood experiences -- to measure that higher-risk category. People with four or more childhood traumas, such as physical abuse or having a family member with a drinking problem, have a much higher prevalence later in life for a host of health issues -- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, kidney disease, stroke, depression, dementia and other maladies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We see childhood trauma and ACEs as a public health crisis that is critical for the state to address,\" said Ben Rubin with Children Now, an advocacy group based in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More and more ACE indicators have been gaining traction,\" Rubin said, not just in the medical community but in criminal justice and legislative circles as well. \"We think [addressing] this has been a big deficit in the state. This bill is a good step toward providing services.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Childhood Trauma Bill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta's legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1644\" target=\"_blank\">AB1644\u003c/a>, would establish a four-year pilot program to help some schools and communities provide mental health services, with the state chipping in funds, training and technical assistance. It also would commit state money for the Early Mental Health Initiative, which was cut by the governor in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The benefits for the state are many, he said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>School classrooms would be more effective if teachers are better able to screen and help children who exhibit symptoms of adverse childhood experiences.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dealing with children's trauma now could mean big savings in health care spending in the future, as ACE indicators are one of the telling signs of those who are the heaviest users of the health care system.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The ability of children to become adults who contribute to society goes down among those with a number of ACE indicators, so there are strong economic and workforce reasons to address those problems earlier.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"It's true, it's our moral imperative to do something about it, to protect our children,\" Bonta said. \"But there's also a financial imperative, because early prevention saves dollars down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program would target younger students, up to third grade. It would provide teachers with a better screening tool to identify withdrawal problems, anxiety or bullying, among other behaviors, Rubin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Schools across the state are doing it to some degree, but not with any kind of state support,\" Rubin said. \"We need to invest in providing those services, so we wanted to fund a modest but important state role.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"hZQ2WEmKe7JNBp4VwKA0k77KegZzOncz\"]Through the pilot program, the state's Department of Public Health could help provide regional training and outreach to schools that provide those types of services, and also expand the number of school sites providing services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every year more and more folks become more aware of what this is,\" Bonta said. \"More and more people are seeing the adverse impact of this and the multiplier effect of it. There are just so many social and health consequences of childhood trauma. It's something we have to address.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Bonta saw 20 years ago on the streets echoes the pervasive and persistent quandary now, he said. \"This is not a new problem,\" Bonta said, \"but we want to come at it with new focus and new momentum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is expected to be heard in committee in April.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a college student, Rob Bonta had a summer job working as a counselor for troubled kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, two decades later, he is bringing legislation to address some of the needs he saw then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I worked with some of these kids as a counselor out of college, and I'd walk them home and hear some of these stories,\" said Assemblyman Bonta, D-Oakland. \"Shootings they heard. Or shootings they witnessed the night before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We see childhood trauma as a public health crisis that is critical for the state to address.'\u003ccite>Ben Rubin, Children Now \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was the summer of his junior year at Yale, when he worked in the Leadership Education and Athletics Partnership program in Connecticut. That took him to a side of New Haven many people don't see -- the economically depressed inner city. He said kids there endured trauma, sometimes on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those traumatic events add up in children's lives, Bonta said, and \u003ca href=\"https://app.box.com/s/dw2tev06fny3tczomb68/1/2622361035/22579574285/1\" target=\"_blank\">have been shown\u003c/a> to result in higher risk of chronic health conditions and risky health behaviors later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical community uses a scale of ACE indicators -- for adverse childhood experiences -- to measure that higher-risk category. People with four or more childhood traumas, such as physical abuse or having a family member with a drinking problem, have a much higher prevalence later in life for a host of health issues -- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, kidney disease, stroke, depression, dementia and other maladies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We see childhood trauma and ACEs as a public health crisis that is critical for the state to address,\" said Ben Rubin with Children Now, an advocacy group based in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More and more ACE indicators have been gaining traction,\" Rubin said, not just in the medical community but in criminal justice and legislative circles as well. \"We think [addressing] this has been a big deficit in the state. This bill is a good step toward providing services.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Childhood Trauma Bill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta's legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1644\" target=\"_blank\">AB1644\u003c/a>, would establish a four-year pilot program to help some schools and communities provide mental health services, with the state chipping in funds, training and technical assistance. It also would commit state money for the Early Mental Health Initiative, which was cut by the governor in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The benefits for the state are many, he said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>School classrooms would be more effective if teachers are better able to screen and help children who exhibit symptoms of adverse childhood experiences.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dealing with children's trauma now could mean big savings in health care spending in the future, as ACE indicators are one of the telling signs of those who are the heaviest users of the health care system.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The ability of children to become adults who contribute to society goes down among those with a number of ACE indicators, so there are strong economic and workforce reasons to address those problems earlier.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"It's true, it's our moral imperative to do something about it, to protect our children,\" Bonta said. \"But there's also a financial imperative, because early prevention saves dollars down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program would target younger students, up to third grade. It would provide teachers with a better screening tool to identify withdrawal problems, anxiety or bullying, among other behaviors, Rubin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Schools across the state are doing it to some degree, but not with any kind of state support,\" Rubin said. \"We need to invest in providing those services, so we wanted to fund a modest but important state role.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Through the pilot program, the state's Department of Public Health could help provide regional training and outreach to schools that provide those types of services, and also expand the number of school sites providing services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every year more and more folks become more aware of what this is,\" Bonta said. \"More and more people are seeing the adverse impact of this and the multiplier effect of it. There are just so many social and health consequences of childhood trauma. It's something we have to address.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Bonta saw 20 years ago on the streets echoes the pervasive and persistent quandary now, he said. \"This is not a new problem,\" Bonta said, \"but we want to come at it with new focus and new momentum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is expected to be heard in committee in April.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Vital Signs | State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>On a sunny day in San Francisco's southeast corner, a group of teenagers are getting ready to plant strawberries and build raised garden beds in a small plot of land blocks away from the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last few years, these teens have transformed the weedy yard at the Oakdale Community Center into a small orchard and farm with roaming chickens and beehives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They've nurtured what once was rocky soil and have grown collard greens, chives and peppers. They've cooked and tasted fresh vegetables or distributed them free to their neighbors. Some have used power tools to build a large chicken coop for the 14 or so resident chickens that lay a dozen eggs per day in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138586\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-138586 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Dominique Brooks, 12, cuts open a bag of soil for a garden bed as Mutee [[LAST NAME]], 10, and residents of the Hunters Point West public housing development look on.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dominique Brooks, 12, (R) and Mutee Algaaffar, 10, cut open a bag of soil while working at the City of Dreams gardening after-school program. 'Junior gardeners' such as Brooks and Algaaffar have built more than 30 garden beds throughout the Hunters Point West public housing development, across the street from the Oakdale Community Center. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The gardeners -- some as young as 10 -- are all part of an after-school program run by the nonprofit City of Dreams in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood. The organization employs 32 kids from the area as junior gardeners, paying them $35 for completing eight gardening sessions. It's a modest stipend for anyone, but earning the cash gives an air of formality to kids like Zavion Gilbert, 15, who shows up regularly to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like a job but it’s teaching us a lot of stuff, too,” says Zavion, who aspires to become a chef. “I keep doing it because it got me more interested in life and healthy things. I want to work with vegetables and stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited, a handful of volunteers -- U.S. Army veterans -- were teaching Zavion and Dominique Brooks, 12, to drill wooden planks and assemble garden beds. The adult volunteers supervised Brooks and other teens as they cut a plastic sheet and inserted it into the bottom of a garden bed to prevent weeds from growing inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138589\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-138589 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Peppers growing in the Oakdale Community Center garden. The garden also has chives, sunflowers, radishes, pomegranates, as well as lemon and orange trees.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Different varieties of peppers grow at the Oakdale Community Center garden. Local teenagers also tend to chives, collar greens, sunflowers and fruit trees. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dominique has participated in the garden since its inception over four years ago, and points proudly to the lemon, pomegranate and orange trees that she planted along the edges. A few of the trees are now about as tall as she is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The garden is joyful,\" says Dominique, a middle schooler with long braided hair. \"It helps me do more stuff, and it helps me learn. If I go to college and want to know more stuff about plants, I'll already know something because I started gardening at a young age.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-138614 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Dominique Brooks and Mutee Algaaffar put the finishing touches on a new garden bed for residents of the Hunters Point West housing development. The garden sits right across the street.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dominique Brooks and Mutee Algaaffar put the finishing touches on a new garden bed for people who live across the street at the Hunters Point West housing development. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says she likes being in the garden, in part because she considers it safer than hanging out in the streets nearby. She says she has witnessed shootings firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day somebody got shot in front of the garden right there,\" recalls Dominique, pointing to the street. \"We didn't know what to do. We didn't know it was coming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bayview-Hunters Point area struggles with gang violence and poverty. The proportion of residents living at or below 200 percent poverty is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/files/HCSMP/HCSMP_DataHandout_ENG_03222012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">50 percent higher \u003c/a>than for San Francisco as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you hang out in the neighborhood, you see the pressure that the families are under to just make it,\" says Cody Reynolds, 52, lead gardener in the project. \"These kids come to us frustrated, upset. They are kids dealing with this violence that, as an adult, I have a hard time dealing with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/243109730\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true& show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\"/]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds is an artist who has lived in Bayview-Hunters Point for 20 years. He says most of those years he kept to himself and wasn't deeply engaged with the community. He dreaded the summers, when he says teens would break windows at his warehouse studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I realized they didn't have any activities. They weren't being engaged to do better,\" says Reynolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he tried a small experiment. An avid gardener for a long time, he would keep his \"hands grounded\" by tending to plants in pots and tires. One day, a group of teens stopped by to try to sell him a bike. Instead, Reynolds offered them a job: to plant avocado and other trees in the neighborhood. He paid them a small amount out of his own pocket. It was a success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138588\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-138588 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Murals by participants of the gardening after school program cover the walls of the old daycare center where the garden is now set. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Murals by participants of the gardening after-school program decorate the walls of the Oakdale Community Center. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The experience brewed a dream for him: to turn open spaces in Bayview-Hunters Point into orchards with fresh foods for residents, involving youth. This garden with the teens, at the Oakdale Community Center, is a first big step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are turning a food desert into a food forest. In the Bayview we have lots of sunshine and the right weather to grow everything from apples and pears to watermelon, squash and cucumbers,\" says Reynolds, while helping Mutee Algaaffar, 10, plant a large patch of strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the kids, this is their nature and you see how they resonate here,\" he says. \"Everyone is a little calmer. It's just a natural place to be.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a sunny day in San Francisco's southeast corner, a group of teenagers are getting ready to plant strawberries and build raised garden beds in a small plot of land blocks away from the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last few years, these teens have transformed the weedy yard at the Oakdale Community Center into a small orchard and farm with roaming chickens and beehives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They've nurtured what once was rocky soil and have grown collard greens, chives and peppers. They've cooked and tasted fresh vegetables or distributed them free to their neighbors. Some have used power tools to build a large chicken coop for the 14 or so resident chickens that lay a dozen eggs per day in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138586\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-138586 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Dominique Brooks, 12, cuts open a bag of soil for a garden bed as Mutee [[LAST NAME]], 10, and residents of the Hunters Point West public housing development look on.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18016_IMG_9245.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dominique Brooks, 12, (R) and Mutee Algaaffar, 10, cut open a bag of soil while working at the City of Dreams gardening after-school program. 'Junior gardeners' such as Brooks and Algaaffar have built more than 30 garden beds throughout the Hunters Point West public housing development, across the street from the Oakdale Community Center. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The gardeners -- some as young as 10 -- are all part of an after-school program run by the nonprofit City of Dreams in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood. The organization employs 32 kids from the area as junior gardeners, paying them $35 for completing eight gardening sessions. It's a modest stipend for anyone, but earning the cash gives an air of formality to kids like Zavion Gilbert, 15, who shows up regularly to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like a job but it’s teaching us a lot of stuff, too,” says Zavion, who aspires to become a chef. “I keep doing it because it got me more interested in life and healthy things. I want to work with vegetables and stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited, a handful of volunteers -- U.S. Army veterans -- were teaching Zavion and Dominique Brooks, 12, to drill wooden planks and assemble garden beds. The adult volunteers supervised Brooks and other teens as they cut a plastic sheet and inserted it into the bottom of a garden bed to prevent weeds from growing inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138589\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-138589 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Peppers growing in the Oakdale Community Center garden. The garden also has chives, sunflowers, radishes, pomegranates, as well as lemon and orange trees.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18021_IMG_9273.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Different varieties of peppers grow at the Oakdale Community Center garden. Local teenagers also tend to chives, collar greens, sunflowers and fruit trees. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dominique has participated in the garden since its inception over four years ago, and points proudly to the lemon, pomegranate and orange trees that she planted along the edges. A few of the trees are now about as tall as she is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The garden is joyful,\" says Dominique, a middle schooler with long braided hair. \"It helps me do more stuff, and it helps me learn. If I go to college and want to know more stuff about plants, I'll already know something because I started gardening at a young age.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-138614 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Dominique Brooks and Mutee Algaaffar put the finishing touches on a new garden bed for residents of the Hunters Point West housing development. The garden sits right across the street.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18017_IMG_9248.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dominique Brooks and Mutee Algaaffar put the finishing touches on a new garden bed for people who live across the street at the Hunters Point West housing development. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says she likes being in the garden, in part because she considers it safer than hanging out in the streets nearby. She says she has witnessed shootings firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day somebody got shot in front of the garden right there,\" recalls Dominique, pointing to the street. \"We didn't know what to do. We didn't know it was coming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bayview-Hunters Point area struggles with gang violence and poverty. The proportion of residents living at or below 200 percent poverty is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/files/HCSMP/HCSMP_DataHandout_ENG_03222012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">50 percent higher \u003c/a>than for San Francisco as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you hang out in the neighborhood, you see the pressure that the families are under to just make it,\" says Cody Reynolds, 52, lead gardener in the project. \"These kids come to us frustrated, upset. They are kids dealing with this violence that, as an adult, I have a hard time dealing with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/243109730&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true& show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/243109730'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds is an artist who has lived in Bayview-Hunters Point for 20 years. He says most of those years he kept to himself and wasn't deeply engaged with the community. He dreaded the summers, when he says teens would break windows at his warehouse studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I realized they didn't have any activities. They weren't being engaged to do better,\" says Reynolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he tried a small experiment. An avid gardener for a long time, he would keep his \"hands grounded\" by tending to plants in pots and tires. One day, a group of teens stopped by to try to sell him a bike. Instead, Reynolds offered them a job: to plant avocado and other trees in the neighborhood. He paid them a small amount out of his own pocket. It was a success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138588\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-138588 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Murals by participants of the gardening after school program cover the walls of the old daycare center where the garden is now set. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/01/RS18025_IMG_9292.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Murals by participants of the gardening after-school program decorate the walls of the Oakdale Community Center. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The experience brewed a dream for him: to turn open spaces in Bayview-Hunters Point into orchards with fresh foods for residents, involving youth. This garden with the teens, at the Oakdale Community Center, is a first big step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are turning a food desert into a food forest. In the Bayview we have lots of sunshine and the right weather to grow everything from apples and pears to watermelon, squash and cucumbers,\" says Reynolds, while helping Mutee Algaaffar, 10, plant a large patch of strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the kids, this is their nature and you see how they resonate here,\" he says. \"Everyone is a little calmer. It's just a natural place to be.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Alameda County Vaccinations Surge In Wake of Enforcement",
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"content": "\u003cp>When it comes to vaccination rates, Alameda County made the comeback of the year in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county was named by state officials as the “most improved” for raising the rate of kindergartners with “up-to-date” immunizations, said Amy Pine, immunization director of the Alameda County Public Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"We made it our mission to say, 'No shots, no records, no school,'” \u003ccite>Amy Pine, Alameda County Public Health Department \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>About 97 percent of kindergartners in Alameda had up-to-date vaccinations this school year, compared to 89 percent a year ago, according to the county’s records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made it our mission to say, 'No shots, no records, no school,' ” Pine said. “The school personnel ... worked so hard. They are the heroes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The countywide turnaround is due in large part to improvement in vaccination rates recorded in the Oakland Unified School District. The district lifted its rates of kindergartners with up-to-date vaccinations from only 75 percent in 2014-15 to 97 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individual schools had major improvement, like Thornhill Elementary School in Oakland's Montclair district, which saw its up-to-date vaccination rate skyrocket from 14 percent last year to 96 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We doubled down on this issue, and we're glad to see our efforts are paying off, because what it's really about is the health of all of our children,” said Oakland Unified School District spokesman Isaac Kos-Read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"HqMgQuu17xblX9gtajhD70E32Vqa4p4X\"]Even though it’s an issue that gets a lot of attention in the media, the number of parents choosing not to vaccinate their children due to personal beliefs was actually not a major phenomenon in Alameda. Only 1.5 percent of kindergartners in the county had such exemptions in 2014-2015 and it fell to 1 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All children are required to be vaccinated against a range of diseases in order to attend school -- unless they have filed a \"personal belief exemption\" or a medical exemption with their school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, California Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">signed a law \u003c/a>abolishing the personal belief exemption. The law takes effect in July, and in the next school year all students must be vaccinated unless they have a medical exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County's major challenge was students with incomplete vaccination records who were allowed “conditional entry” to school. The rate of such admissions was 9.7 percent last year, and this year it has plummeted to 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, conditional entrants represented 25 percent of kindergartners last year, and that dropped to about 2 percent, Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high rate of conditional entrants at some schools was in part because those exemptions were used inappropriately, she said. Some school personnel interpreted “conditional entry” to mean that students were allowed to enter school as long as their parents promised to get them the shots in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But conditional entry is meant for kids who were recently vaccinated and aren’t due for the next shot in the series yet or those who have a temporary medical exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fixing the problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools with low vaccination rates aren’t necessarily filled with unvaccinated children, Pine said. It’s often due to poor record keeping and administrative challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School support staffers struggle to enter complete vaccination records because of turnover, lack of training and inadequate time to enter the data or follow up with parents, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, schools have been reluctant to turn away kids just because they don’t have complete vaccinations. There was a financial disincentive to exclude children as schools get funding based on attendance, but the state has taken steps to change that, Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools with problematic vaccination rates in 2014-2015 received a letter saying they would be audited if their Fall 2015 rates didn’t improve, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help boost vaccination rates, Pine said, the county department ranked schools on a “community immunity” honor society based on their vaccination rates and sent \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/media/398838/community-immunity-honor-society.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the listing\u003c/a> to school personnel. She said seeing the information displayed like that encouraged officials from schools that were ranked low to ask the county health department how they could turn that around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county health department worked with schools to train staff, she said. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/04/16/disneyland-measles-outbreak-to-be-declared-over/\" target=\"_blank\">A measles outbreak tied to Disneyland\u003c/a>, which was first reported last January, helped to boost public awareness about the importance of vaccines, encouraging parents and schools to put a priority on immunizations, Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools really have to give protected and focused time to staff to do it, where they won’t be interrupted,” Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s challenging for front desk staff to enter data when students and parents are constantly coming up to them and signing in and out of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of what we needed was in the records,” said Thornhill Elementary School’s secretary, Sheila Smith. “It wasn't a matter of obtaining it. It was a matter of finding the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said entering immunization data is complicated for school staff because not all medical records look alike and the office environment is constantly distracting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she asked for some dedicated time to work on the project and used personal hours as well, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The principal, Steven Daubenspeck, said when he learned the school’s rate was so low last year, he began holding weekly meetings to check in with staff to increase accountability on vaccination record keeping. A lot of the information hadn’t been entered on time, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was shocked,” he said. “I got the staff to really rally around, and focus on it. I do have immune-compromised kids here, and it's a life-and-death issue.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to vaccination rates, Alameda County made the comeback of the year in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county was named by state officials as the “most improved” for raising the rate of kindergartners with “up-to-date” immunizations, said Amy Pine, immunization director of the Alameda County Public Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"We made it our mission to say, 'No shots, no records, no school,'” \u003ccite>Amy Pine, Alameda County Public Health Department \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>About 97 percent of kindergartners in Alameda had up-to-date vaccinations this school year, compared to 89 percent a year ago, according to the county’s records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made it our mission to say, 'No shots, no records, no school,' ” Pine said. “The school personnel ... worked so hard. They are the heroes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The countywide turnaround is due in large part to improvement in vaccination rates recorded in the Oakland Unified School District. The district lifted its rates of kindergartners with up-to-date vaccinations from only 75 percent in 2014-15 to 97 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individual schools had major improvement, like Thornhill Elementary School in Oakland's Montclair district, which saw its up-to-date vaccination rate skyrocket from 14 percent last year to 96 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We doubled down on this issue, and we're glad to see our efforts are paying off, because what it's really about is the health of all of our children,” said Oakland Unified School District spokesman Isaac Kos-Read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Even though it’s an issue that gets a lot of attention in the media, the number of parents choosing not to vaccinate their children due to personal beliefs was actually not a major phenomenon in Alameda. Only 1.5 percent of kindergartners in the county had such exemptions in 2014-2015 and it fell to 1 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All children are required to be vaccinated against a range of diseases in order to attend school -- unless they have filed a \"personal belief exemption\" or a medical exemption with their school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, California Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">signed a law \u003c/a>abolishing the personal belief exemption. The law takes effect in July, and in the next school year all students must be vaccinated unless they have a medical exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County's major challenge was students with incomplete vaccination records who were allowed “conditional entry” to school. The rate of such admissions was 9.7 percent last year, and this year it has plummeted to 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, conditional entrants represented 25 percent of kindergartners last year, and that dropped to about 2 percent, Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high rate of conditional entrants at some schools was in part because those exemptions were used inappropriately, she said. Some school personnel interpreted “conditional entry” to mean that students were allowed to enter school as long as their parents promised to get them the shots in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But conditional entry is meant for kids who were recently vaccinated and aren’t due for the next shot in the series yet or those who have a temporary medical exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fixing the problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools with low vaccination rates aren’t necessarily filled with unvaccinated children, Pine said. It’s often due to poor record keeping and administrative challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School support staffers struggle to enter complete vaccination records because of turnover, lack of training and inadequate time to enter the data or follow up with parents, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, schools have been reluctant to turn away kids just because they don’t have complete vaccinations. There was a financial disincentive to exclude children as schools get funding based on attendance, but the state has taken steps to change that, Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools with problematic vaccination rates in 2014-2015 received a letter saying they would be audited if their Fall 2015 rates didn’t improve, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help boost vaccination rates, Pine said, the county department ranked schools on a “community immunity” honor society based on their vaccination rates and sent \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/media/398838/community-immunity-honor-society.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the listing\u003c/a> to school personnel. She said seeing the information displayed like that encouraged officials from schools that were ranked low to ask the county health department how they could turn that around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county health department worked with schools to train staff, she said. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/04/16/disneyland-measles-outbreak-to-be-declared-over/\" target=\"_blank\">A measles outbreak tied to Disneyland\u003c/a>, which was first reported last January, helped to boost public awareness about the importance of vaccines, encouraging parents and schools to put a priority on immunizations, Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools really have to give protected and focused time to staff to do it, where they won’t be interrupted,” Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s challenging for front desk staff to enter data when students and parents are constantly coming up to them and signing in and out of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of what we needed was in the records,” said Thornhill Elementary School’s secretary, Sheila Smith. “It wasn't a matter of obtaining it. It was a matter of finding the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said entering immunization data is complicated for school staff because not all medical records look alike and the office environment is constantly distracting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she asked for some dedicated time to work on the project and used personal hours as well, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The principal, Steven Daubenspeck, said when he learned the school’s rate was so low last year, he began holding weekly meetings to check in with staff to increase accountability on vaccination record keeping. A lot of the information hadn’t been entered on time, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was shocked,” he said. “I got the staff to really rally around, and focus on it. I do have immune-compromised kids here, and it's a life-and-death issue.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Latino Children's Uninsured Rate Hits Record Low",
"title": "Latino Children's Uninsured Rate Hits Record Low",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The rate of Latino children without health insurance fell to a historic low in 2014, the first year that key parts of Obamacare took effect, but they still represent a disproportionate share of the nation’s uninsured youth, according to a new \u003ca href=\"http://ccf.georgetown.edu/ccf-resources/health-coverage-hispanic-children-affordable-care-act-first-year/\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 300,000 Latino children gained insurance in 2014 from 2013, dropping the number of uninsured to 1.7 million, researchers said. Nearly half of those now insured -- more than 130,000 children -- were in California\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their uninsured rate fell to 9.7 percent, almost 2 percentage points below the year before. The rate for all U.S. children fell to 6.0 percent from 7.1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report released Friday was co-authored by the Georgetown University Health Policy Institute’s Center for Children and Families and the National Council of La Raza, a civil rights and advocacy group for Hispanic Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One reason for the improvement, researchers said, is that the Affordable Care Act produced opportunities for Latino adults to get health coverage, such as providing premium subsidies for buying health insurance in federal and state marketplaces and expanding Medicaid programs in many states. When parents enrolled, they generally signed up their children, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States that extended Medicaid to low-income adults had an average 7 percent uninsured rate for Latino children, about half the average 13.7 percent uninsured rate of states that did not expand Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty states had rates of uninsured Latino children that were lower than the national average in 2014, the Georgetown-La Raza report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Latino children made up 39.5 percent of the nation’s uninsured children in 2014, but only 24.4 percent of the overall child population under 18, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Of 10 states with the largest populations of Latino children, California, New York, Illinois and New Jersey were the only ones with uninsured rates below the 9.7 percent national average for 2014. New York’s was 3.8 percent; Illinois, 4.5 percent; California, 6.8 percent; and New Jersey, 7.0 percent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Four other states in that top 10 group had the highest rates of uninsured Latino children. Georgia and Texas were at 15.3 percent; Arizona, 12.7 percent; and Florida, 12.1 percent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Colorado and North Carolina, the other two states in the top 10, posted uninsured rates of 9.6 percent and 10.5 percent, respectively. Those were not statistically different from the national average, the report said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Two-thirds of the nation’s uninsured Latino children lived in Texas, California, Florida, Arizona and Georgia in 2014.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In Texas, 15.3 percent of Latino children were uninsured in 2014, representing 30.6 percent of all uninsured Latino children in the U.S.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In California, more than 130,000 previously uninsured Latino children gained coverage in 2014 -- the first year of Obamacare.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The rate of Latino children without health insurance fell to a historic low in 2014, the first year that key parts of Obamacare took effect, but they still represent a disproportionate share of the nation’s uninsured youth, according to a new \u003ca href=\"http://ccf.georgetown.edu/ccf-resources/health-coverage-hispanic-children-affordable-care-act-first-year/\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 300,000 Latino children gained insurance in 2014 from 2013, dropping the number of uninsured to 1.7 million, researchers said. Nearly half of those now insured -- more than 130,000 children -- were in California\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their uninsured rate fell to 9.7 percent, almost 2 percentage points below the year before. The rate for all U.S. children fell to 6.0 percent from 7.1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report released Friday was co-authored by the Georgetown University Health Policy Institute’s Center for Children and Families and the National Council of La Raza, a civil rights and advocacy group for Hispanic Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One reason for the improvement, researchers said, is that the Affordable Care Act produced opportunities for Latino adults to get health coverage, such as providing premium subsidies for buying health insurance in federal and state marketplaces and expanding Medicaid programs in many states. When parents enrolled, they generally signed up their children, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States that extended Medicaid to low-income adults had an average 7 percent uninsured rate for Latino children, about half the average 13.7 percent uninsured rate of states that did not expand Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty states had rates of uninsured Latino children that were lower than the national average in 2014, the Georgetown-La Raza report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Latino children made up 39.5 percent of the nation’s uninsured children in 2014, but only 24.4 percent of the overall child population under 18, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Of 10 states with the largest populations of Latino children, California, New York, Illinois and New Jersey were the only ones with uninsured rates below the 9.7 percent national average for 2014. New York’s was 3.8 percent; Illinois, 4.5 percent; California, 6.8 percent; and New Jersey, 7.0 percent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Four other states in that top 10 group had the highest rates of uninsured Latino children. Georgia and Texas were at 15.3 percent; Arizona, 12.7 percent; and Florida, 12.1 percent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Colorado and North Carolina, the other two states in the top 10, posted uninsured rates of 9.6 percent and 10.5 percent, respectively. Those were not statistically different from the national average, the report said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Two-thirds of the nation’s uninsured Latino children lived in Texas, California, Florida, Arizona and Georgia in 2014.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In Texas, 15.3 percent of Latino children were uninsured in 2014, representing 30.6 percent of all uninsured Latino children in the U.S.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, meeting the daily expectations of home and school life can be a struggle that extends to bedtime. The stimulant medications commonly used to treat ADHD can cause difficulty falling and staying asleep, a study finds. And that can make the next day that much harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As parents are well aware, sleep affects a child's emotional and physical well-being, and it is no different for those with ADHD. \"Poor sleep makes ADHD symptoms worse,\" says Katherine M. Kidwell, a doctoral student in clinical psychology at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/ADHD-Medications-Make-it-Harder-For-Children-to-Sleep.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>. \"When children with ADHD don't sleep well, they have problems paying attention the next day, and they are more impulsive and emotionally reactive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"2MviotjpSvQhis11x4HmVRwXDvXd5AP3\"]Stimulant medications boost alertness, and some studies have found a detrimental effect on children's sleep. However, other studies have concluded that the stimulants' ameliorating effects improve sleep. The drugs include amphetamines such as Adderall and methylphenidate such as Ritalin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reconcile the mixed results on stimulants and children's sleep, Kidwell and her colleagues undertook a meta-analysis, a type of study that summarizes the results of existing research. The team found nine studies that met their criteria. These studies compared children who were taking stimulant medication with those who weren't. The studies also randomly assigned children to the experimental group or the control group and used objective measures of sleep quality and quantity, such as assessing sleep in a lab setting or with a wristwatch-like monitor at home rather than a parent's report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a stimulant medication leads to poor sleep overall for children, the researchers reported online Monday in \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>. They found that the more doses of medication a child took per day, the longer it took for that child to fall asleep at night. The study suggests that extended-release versions of stimulants, which are taken once a day, have less of an impact on how long it takes to fall asleep than immediate-release formulas, which are sometimes taken three times a day, with the last dose close to bedtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, the quality of sleep, or sleep efficiency — the percentage of time one is asleep while in bed — was worse for those on stimulant medications, although those kids who had been on the drugs longer fared better than those who had just begun taking the medication. There was also a gender difference, with boys on stimulant medication getting poorer-quality sleep than girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, stimulants reduced the total amount of sleep children got at night. \"Families and pediatricians need to be aware that sleep problems are a real effect of stimulant medication,\" says Kidwell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really good to see this,\" says William E. Pelham, a clinical psychologist and director of the Center for Children and Families at Florida International University, who studies ADHD in children and adolescents. Pediatricians are often quick to prescribe a medication without adequate follow-up, he says, and \"assessing sleep side effects is important — it needs to be something that pediatricians routinely do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For families, Kidwell says that the bedtime routines all parents use — reading stories, sharing news about the day, quiet activities like coloring — are very helpful for kids with ADHD too. \"But parents may need to provide more structure, support, and simpler reminders for children with ADHD.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Aimee Cunningham is a freelance science journalist based in the Washington, D.C., area.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Common+ADHD+Medications+Do+Indeed+Disturb+Children%27s+Sleep+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, meeting the daily expectations of home and school life can be a struggle that extends to bedtime. The stimulant medications commonly used to treat ADHD can cause difficulty falling and staying asleep, a study finds. And that can make the next day that much harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As parents are well aware, sleep affects a child's emotional and physical well-being, and it is no different for those with ADHD. \"Poor sleep makes ADHD symptoms worse,\" says Katherine M. Kidwell, a doctoral student in clinical psychology at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, who led the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/ADHD-Medications-Make-it-Harder-For-Children-to-Sleep.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>. \"When children with ADHD don't sleep well, they have problems paying attention the next day, and they are more impulsive and emotionally reactive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Stimulant medications boost alertness, and some studies have found a detrimental effect on children's sleep. However, other studies have concluded that the stimulants' ameliorating effects improve sleep. The drugs include amphetamines such as Adderall and methylphenidate such as Ritalin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reconcile the mixed results on stimulants and children's sleep, Kidwell and her colleagues undertook a meta-analysis, a type of study that summarizes the results of existing research. The team found nine studies that met their criteria. These studies compared children who were taking stimulant medication with those who weren't. The studies also randomly assigned children to the experimental group or the control group and used objective measures of sleep quality and quantity, such as assessing sleep in a lab setting or with a wristwatch-like monitor at home rather than a parent's report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a stimulant medication leads to poor sleep overall for children, the researchers reported online Monday in \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>. They found that the more doses of medication a child took per day, the longer it took for that child to fall asleep at night. The study suggests that extended-release versions of stimulants, which are taken once a day, have less of an impact on how long it takes to fall asleep than immediate-release formulas, which are sometimes taken three times a day, with the last dose close to bedtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, the quality of sleep, or sleep efficiency — the percentage of time one is asleep while in bed — was worse for those on stimulant medications, although those kids who had been on the drugs longer fared better than those who had just begun taking the medication. There was also a gender difference, with boys on stimulant medication getting poorer-quality sleep than girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, stimulants reduced the total amount of sleep children got at night. \"Families and pediatricians need to be aware that sleep problems are a real effect of stimulant medication,\" says Kidwell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really good to see this,\" says William E. Pelham, a clinical psychologist and director of the Center for Children and Families at Florida International University, who studies ADHD in children and adolescents. Pediatricians are often quick to prescribe a medication without adequate follow-up, he says, and \"assessing sleep side effects is important — it needs to be something that pediatricians routinely do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For families, Kidwell says that the bedtime routines all parents use — reading stories, sharing news about the day, quiet activities like coloring — are very helpful for kids with ADHD too. \"But parents may need to provide more structure, support, and simpler reminders for children with ADHD.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Aimee Cunningham is a freelance science journalist based in the Washington, D.C., area.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Common+ADHD+Medications+Do+Indeed+Disturb+Children%27s+Sleep+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Efforts to protect children in foster care from being inappropriately medicated with powerful antipsychotic drugs got a big boost forward on Tuesday, when California Gov. Jerry Brown signed three bills into law designed to reform prescribing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overprescribing of psychiatric meds for foster youth is a persistent problem nationwide, with children given the drugs at double or triple the rate of those not in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the federal Government Accounting Office found \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-201\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 1 in 4 children\u003c/a> in foster care was taking psychotropic medications, which include antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers and stimulants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of children were found to be taking five or more psychotropic medications at a time, and thousands were prescribed doses that exceeded FDA-approved guidelines. According to the report, monitoring programs fell short of guidelines established by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Many of the medications have side effects that include lethargy, weight gain, diabetes and tremors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/02/436350334/california-moves-to-stop-misuse-of-psychiatric-meds-in-foster-care\" target=\"_blank\">which covers 63,000 children and teens in foster care\u003c/a>, will allow public health nurses access to medical records to monitor the foster children who are prescribed psychotropic drugs; identify the group homes that rely most on these medications and potentially require them to take corrective action; and provide child welfare workers with better training and oversight tools to spot dangerous prescribing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope the approval of this legislation tells our foster care youth that we love them, that their lives matter to all of us and that we care deeply about their future,\" said state Sen. Jim Beall, a San Jose Democrat, author of two of the bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland-based National Center for Youth Law, which was among the legislation's sponsors, called it the most comprehensive effort in the U.S. to date to curb the misuse of psychotropics in foster care. However, a bill that would have required a prior medical examination and ongoing monitoring before a juvenile court could authorize psychotropic drugs was pulled from the legislative package following intensive lobbying by associations representing physicians and group homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's author said he would reintroduce the measure in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elaine Korry writes about health care and social policy from the San Francisco Bay Area. She recently wrote about \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/02/436350334/california-moves-to-stop-misuse-of-psychiatric-meds-in-foster-care\" target=\"_blank\">antipsychotic medications and foster care \u003c/a>\u003cem>for NPR and Youth Today. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Approves+Laws+To+Cut+Use+Of+Antipsychotics+In+Foster+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Efforts to protect children in foster care from being inappropriately medicated with powerful antipsychotic drugs got a big boost forward on Tuesday, when California Gov. Jerry Brown signed three bills into law designed to reform prescribing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overprescribing of psychiatric meds for foster youth is a persistent problem nationwide, with children given the drugs at double or triple the rate of those not in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the federal Government Accounting Office found \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-201\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 1 in 4 children\u003c/a> in foster care was taking psychotropic medications, which include antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers and stimulants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of children were found to be taking five or more psychotropic medications at a time, and thousands were prescribed doses that exceeded FDA-approved guidelines. According to the report, monitoring programs fell short of guidelines established by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Many of the medications have side effects that include lethargy, weight gain, diabetes and tremors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/02/436350334/california-moves-to-stop-misuse-of-psychiatric-meds-in-foster-care\" target=\"_blank\">which covers 63,000 children and teens in foster care\u003c/a>, will allow public health nurses access to medical records to monitor the foster children who are prescribed psychotropic drugs; identify the group homes that rely most on these medications and potentially require them to take corrective action; and provide child welfare workers with better training and oversight tools to spot dangerous prescribing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope the approval of this legislation tells our foster care youth that we love them, that their lives matter to all of us and that we care deeply about their future,\" said state Sen. Jim Beall, a San Jose Democrat, author of two of the bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland-based National Center for Youth Law, which was among the legislation's sponsors, called it the most comprehensive effort in the U.S. to date to curb the misuse of psychotropics in foster care. However, a bill that would have required a prior medical examination and ongoing monitoring before a juvenile court could authorize psychotropic drugs was pulled from the legislative package following intensive lobbying by associations representing physicians and group homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's author said he would reintroduce the measure in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elaine Korry writes about health care and social policy from the San Francisco Bay Area. She recently wrote about \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/02/436350334/california-moves-to-stop-misuse-of-psychiatric-meds-in-foster-care\" target=\"_blank\">antipsychotic medications and foster care \u003c/a>\u003cem>for NPR and Youth Today. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Approves+Laws+To+Cut+Use+Of+Antipsychotics+In+Foster+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Bedtime Pass' Helps Parents And Kids Skip The Sleep Battles",
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"content": "\u003cp>When I first heard about the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> bestseller called \u003cem>Go The F— to Sleep\u003c/em>, my only wish was that I had written it, because I sure thought it a thousand times when my kids were little. And clearly, so have millions of other parents who face that time of day with equal parts dread and exhaustion: bedtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is hope — and it comes in the form of a solution that is so simple, and thus far so successful, you will be smacking your forehead wondering, \"Why didn't I think of that?\" (Sort of like me and that book.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called \"the bedtime pass,\" and it works like this: Every night, parents give their child a five-by-seven card that is the bedtime pass. They explain to their child that the pass is good for one excused departure from the bedroom per night, whether that's to use the bathroom, get one more hug, report a scary dream, whatever. After the pass is used, the child may not leave the bedroom again, and the parents are not to answer if they call out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really is that simple,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.boystownpediatrics.org/counselingservices/behavioralhealthstaff/Pages/ConnieSchnoes.aspx\">Connie Schnoes\u003c/a>, director of National Behavioral Health Dissemination at the Boys Town Center for Behavioral Health in Boys Town, Neb. \"The bedtime pass is all about the kids falling asleep by themselves in their own bed in a quiet, dark room. It gets the parent in the routine of putting them to bed, saying goodnight, and getting out, which is what parents typically want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preferably without having to resort to profanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schnoes conducted the original study on the bedtime pass as part of her PhD research. Patrick Friman, director of the Boys Town Center for Behavioral Health, had told her about a protocol he'd started using while in clinical service at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, helping families of young children with sleep problems and other behavioral issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Schnoes met Friman at Boys Town, he was still using the method, but no one had studied it. So Schnoes set up a pilot study with two boys, ages 3 and 10, and gathered data from 20 parents and 23 pediatricians who rated the acceptability of the bedtime pass intervention technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Crying and coming out of the bedroom reduced to zero rates in both children,\" according to the paper outlining the study released in October 1999 in the \u003cem>Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine\u003c/em>. \"Pediatricians rated the pass as significantly more acceptable than letting children sleep with parents and equivalent to ignoring. Parents rated the pass as more acceptable than either alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, larger studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the bedtime pass, particularly for children of preschool and early elementary school ages. In one study, 19 boys and girls aged 3 to 6 \"demonstrated significant reductions in the time required to quiet each night. Treatment effects were maintained at three-month follow-up. Parents reported high levels of satisfaction.\" Another study also found that the pass completely eliminated an \"extinction burst\" —what we parents refer to as a complete meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beauty of the pass is that it gives parents \u003cem>and\u003c/em> kids an element of control in what frequently is an out-of-control, emotional situation. The kids know that if they truly need to leave their room they can, but only once. And the parents know they are giving their child an option, but after that one exit they can in good conscience keep the door closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have a plan, as opposed to reacting each night, over and over,\" Schnoes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bedtime pass continues to be used at Boys Town and across the country as more pediatricians learn about it. And in case you're a parent out there who thinks that Schnoes' credentials as a specialist in behavioral pediatric sleep problems aren't enough to make her an expert, consider this: She's a mother of six.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trust me when we say there's desperation around sleep. I remember those days,\" she says. \"Bedtime resistance is about escaping that experience of bedtime that is essentially like a giant time out—the day is over, we're done playing and we're hanging out in a dark room. With the pass, children have a way to escape that in a way that's acceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wendy Mitman Clarke has contributed to Smithsonian and other magazines. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Bedtime+Pass+Helps+Parents+And+Kids+Skip+The+Sleep+Struggles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When I first heard about the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> bestseller called \u003cem>Go The F— to Sleep\u003c/em>, my only wish was that I had written it, because I sure thought it a thousand times when my kids were little. And clearly, so have millions of other parents who face that time of day with equal parts dread and exhaustion: bedtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is hope — and it comes in the form of a solution that is so simple, and thus far so successful, you will be smacking your forehead wondering, \"Why didn't I think of that?\" (Sort of like me and that book.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called \"the bedtime pass,\" and it works like this: Every night, parents give their child a five-by-seven card that is the bedtime pass. They explain to their child that the pass is good for one excused departure from the bedroom per night, whether that's to use the bathroom, get one more hug, report a scary dream, whatever. After the pass is used, the child may not leave the bedroom again, and the parents are not to answer if they call out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really is that simple,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.boystownpediatrics.org/counselingservices/behavioralhealthstaff/Pages/ConnieSchnoes.aspx\">Connie Schnoes\u003c/a>, director of National Behavioral Health Dissemination at the Boys Town Center for Behavioral Health in Boys Town, Neb. \"The bedtime pass is all about the kids falling asleep by themselves in their own bed in a quiet, dark room. It gets the parent in the routine of putting them to bed, saying goodnight, and getting out, which is what parents typically want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preferably without having to resort to profanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schnoes conducted the original study on the bedtime pass as part of her PhD research. Patrick Friman, director of the Boys Town Center for Behavioral Health, had told her about a protocol he'd started using while in clinical service at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, helping families of young children with sleep problems and other behavioral issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Schnoes met Friman at Boys Town, he was still using the method, but no one had studied it. So Schnoes set up a pilot study with two boys, ages 3 and 10, and gathered data from 20 parents and 23 pediatricians who rated the acceptability of the bedtime pass intervention technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Crying and coming out of the bedroom reduced to zero rates in both children,\" according to the paper outlining the study released in October 1999 in the \u003cem>Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine\u003c/em>. \"Pediatricians rated the pass as significantly more acceptable than letting children sleep with parents and equivalent to ignoring. Parents rated the pass as more acceptable than either alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, larger studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the bedtime pass, particularly for children of preschool and early elementary school ages. In one study, 19 boys and girls aged 3 to 6 \"demonstrated significant reductions in the time required to quiet each night. Treatment effects were maintained at three-month follow-up. Parents reported high levels of satisfaction.\" Another study also found that the pass completely eliminated an \"extinction burst\" —what we parents refer to as a complete meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beauty of the pass is that it gives parents \u003cem>and\u003c/em> kids an element of control in what frequently is an out-of-control, emotional situation. The kids know that if they truly need to leave their room they can, but only once. And the parents know they are giving their child an option, but after that one exit they can in good conscience keep the door closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have a plan, as opposed to reacting each night, over and over,\" Schnoes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bedtime pass continues to be used at Boys Town and across the country as more pediatricians learn about it. And in case you're a parent out there who thinks that Schnoes' credentials as a specialist in behavioral pediatric sleep problems aren't enough to make her an expert, consider this: She's a mother of six.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trust me when we say there's desperation around sleep. I remember those days,\" she says. \"Bedtime resistance is about escaping that experience of bedtime that is essentially like a giant time out—the day is over, we're done playing and we're hanging out in a dark room. With the pass, children have a way to escape that in a way that's acceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wendy Mitman Clarke has contributed to Smithsonian and other magazines. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Bedtime+Pass+Helps+Parents+And+Kids+Skip+The+Sleep+Struggles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Math can be as scary as spiders and snakes, at least in the brain of an 8-year-old child. And that early anxiety about dealing with numbers can put a child at a significant \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701105\" target=\"_blank\">disadvantage\u003c/a>, not only in school but in negotiating life and career. Fortunately, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701105\" target=\"_blank\">recent study \u003c/a>of third-graders suggests an intervention that can help. One-on-one tutoring does more than teach kids, the researchers say. It calms the fear circuitry in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most exciting aspect of our findings is that cognitive tutoring not only improves performance, but is also anxiety-reducing,\" says neuroscientist Vinod Menon, the study's senior author and a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menon and his colleagues knew from their \u003ca href=\"http://scsnl.stanford.edu/documents/Young_Neurodevelopmental_Basis_Math_Anxiety_12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">earlier research\u003c/a> using MRI scans of the brain that math anxiety activates much the same network of cells that some other common phobias activate — fear of snakes or spiders or heights, for example. And they knew that a behavioral treatment known as \u003ca href=\"http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-exposure-therapy/\" target=\"_blank\">exposure therapy\u003c/a> helps some people resolve the anxiety of those other phobias. Could the same thing be happening with math tutoring?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the scientists recruited 46 third graders who answered \u003ca href=\"http://scsnl.stanford.edu/documents/Wu_SEMA_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">questions\u003c/a> about math worries, and were also tested on simple addition problems while having their brains scanned via functional MRI. Based on their answers, scans and scores in each of the tests, the children were divided into two groups: one deemed to have higher levels of math anxiety and one with lower levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, both groups received eight weeks of one-on-one tutoring in basic arithmetic, a few sessions a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both groups did better in math at the end of the tutoring, Menon says. But most importantly, he says, the kids who had been anxious about math were 20 percent less anxious at the end of the eight weeks — a finding their brain scans confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tutoring was highly personalized says Menon — if a child got stuck on a particular concept, the tutor would work with the student to \"get beyond the bottleneck in a non-negative, encouraging way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes to next study whether computerized tutoring can produce similar benefits and brain circuit changes, and whether the reduction in math anxiety persists as the children advance to more complex problem-solving skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=One+Tutor+%2B+One+Student+%3D+Better+Math+Scores%2C+Less+Fear&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Math can be as scary as spiders and snakes, at least in the brain of an 8-year-old child. And that early anxiety about dealing with numbers can put a child at a significant \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701105\" target=\"_blank\">disadvantage\u003c/a>, not only in school but in negotiating life and career. Fortunately, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701105\" target=\"_blank\">recent study \u003c/a>of third-graders suggests an intervention that can help. One-on-one tutoring does more than teach kids, the researchers say. It calms the fear circuitry in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most exciting aspect of our findings is that cognitive tutoring not only improves performance, but is also anxiety-reducing,\" says neuroscientist Vinod Menon, the study's senior author and a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menon and his colleagues knew from their \u003ca href=\"http://scsnl.stanford.edu/documents/Young_Neurodevelopmental_Basis_Math_Anxiety_12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">earlier research\u003c/a> using MRI scans of the brain that math anxiety activates much the same network of cells that some other common phobias activate — fear of snakes or spiders or heights, for example. And they knew that a behavioral treatment known as \u003ca href=\"http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-exposure-therapy/\" target=\"_blank\">exposure therapy\u003c/a> helps some people resolve the anxiety of those other phobias. Could the same thing be happening with math tutoring?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the scientists recruited 46 third graders who answered \u003ca href=\"http://scsnl.stanford.edu/documents/Wu_SEMA_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">questions\u003c/a> about math worries, and were also tested on simple addition problems while having their brains scanned via functional MRI. Based on their answers, scans and scores in each of the tests, the children were divided into two groups: one deemed to have higher levels of math anxiety and one with lower levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, both groups received eight weeks of one-on-one tutoring in basic arithmetic, a few sessions a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both groups did better in math at the end of the tutoring, Menon says. But most importantly, he says, the kids who had been anxious about math were 20 percent less anxious at the end of the eight weeks — a finding their brain scans confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tutoring was highly personalized says Menon — if a child got stuck on a particular concept, the tutor would work with the student to \"get beyond the bottleneck in a non-negative, encouraging way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes to next study whether computerized tutoring can produce similar benefits and brain circuit changes, and whether the reduction in math anxiety persists as the children advance to more complex problem-solving skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=One+Tutor+%2B+One+Student+%3D+Better+Math+Scores%2C+Less+Fear&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Siblings Most Common Cause of Whooping Cough Infection for Infants",
"title": "Siblings Most Common Cause of Whooping Cough Infection for Infants",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over the past decade, whooping cough has proven increasingly difficult to control. Over \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/fast-facts.html\" target=\"_blank\">48,000 Americans\u003c/a> caught the highly contagious bacterial disease in 2012, the most since 1955. And California experienced two epidemics that killed 13 babies in 2010 and 2014, when a total of 20,000 cases were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although researchers found that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine refusal contributed \u003c/a>to the 2010 epidemic, health officials now face an even bigger problem: protection afforded by the whooping cough vaccine doesn’t last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html\" target=\"_blank\">should get five doses\u003c/a> of the DTaP vaccine by age six, starting at two months, health experts say. While the vaccine is very effective in the short-term, protection begins to fade after the fifth dose, so kids need a booster when they turn 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, as evidence of the vaccine’s waning protection mounts, more and more vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/surv-reporting.html\" target=\"_blank\">children and adolescents\u003c/a> are getting whooping cough, also known as pertussis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a study shows, these older children and adolescents have become the most common source of infection for their baby sisters and brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors can identify a source of infection about half the time, the study, published Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org\" target=\"_blank\">Pediatrics\u003c/a>, shows that siblings –- as young as four and a half and as old as nine –- transmitted the disease in over 35 percent of cases with mothers responsible for infecting their babies in about 20 percent of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, mothers were the most common source of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough causes acute spasms of coughing, which are typically followed by high-pitched “\u003ca href=\"https://www.soundsofpertussis.com/\">whoops\u003c/a>” in the struggle to breathe. Infants, especially those too young to be vaccinated, face the greatest risk of severe illness and death from pertussis, as the deadly parasite overwhelms their still developing lungs. About half of infected babies must be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, health officials have recommended that all pregnant women get a Tdap shot, says Tami Skoff, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ez6lEliEAFWNE0XyinS8LGHEoqOaWp9H\"]“By vaccinating during pregnancy,” Skoff explains, “the mother passes protective antibodies to her baby that protect the baby against pertussis during the first few critical months of life, before the infant begins their own pertussis immunization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/whooping-cough-vaccination-pregnant.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Early studies\u003c/a> in the United Kingdom show that vaccinating during pregnancy is a highly effective strategy to protect infants, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the UK program was introduced in 2012, babies whose mothers were vaccinated against pertussis at least a week before birth had a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60686-3/abstract\">91 percent lower risk \u003c/a>of contracting the disease than babies whose mothers did not get a shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the shift in disease transmission from mothers to siblings, should recommendations for a booster be shifted younger than the current age of 11, if mom is expecting a baby?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not a trivial decision, says Art Reingold, a UC Berkeley professor of public health. “Given what we know about the fairly rapid decline in vaccine-induced protection, one would want to at least model the likely effects of shifting the age for a booster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, because protection from the vaccine starts to fade from about 98 percent effectiveness to about 70 percent five years later, changing the timing of the booster could simply shift the burden of disease to other age groups, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most effective strategy is to get all pregnant women vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/discond/pages/pertussis.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">during the third trimester\u003c/a> to protect babies for the first months of life, when pertussis is most likely to cause severe, life-threatening illness, says Reingold. The next most important thing to do, he says, is to make sure young children get all their shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an unknown source of infection for about 50 percent of cases, it’s still important for anyone who spends time with infants to be up to date on their pertussis vaccinations. Not just children, but all adults, too, including grandparents and caregivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This “\u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780027_2\" target=\"_blank\">cocooning\u003c/a>” strategy has been recommended since the Tdap booster was introduced in 2005. But it’s proven difficult to implement, says Reingold, in part because many adults are not inclined to get vaccinated. But even if they were, it might not matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current “acellular” vaccine, which contains fragments of the parasite, was introduced in the late 1990s to replace the whole cell version. The whole cell vaccine afforded longer lasting protection but also caused more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pertussis, the disease is caused by toxins that are released by bacteria. The pertussis vaccine protects you against those toxins, but may not prevent you from spreading the bacteria to others — and causing illness in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this year, California has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis%2520report%25208-3-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">more pertussis cases\u003c/a>, excluding the two recent epidemics, than in any year since the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts would love to develop a new vaccine that is not only safe but also affords protection over the long haul. But the incentives for manufacturers to invest substantial sums in the needed research and trials are extremely limited, says Reingold. “I don’t expect a new vaccine to provide us an alternative solution in the foreseeable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, he says, nothing offers better protection to an unvaccinated baby than being born to a recently-vaccinated mother.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the past decade, whooping cough has proven increasingly difficult to control. Over \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/fast-facts.html\" target=\"_blank\">48,000 Americans\u003c/a> caught the highly contagious bacterial disease in 2012, the most since 1955. And California experienced two epidemics that killed 13 babies in 2010 and 2014, when a total of 20,000 cases were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although researchers found that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine refusal contributed \u003c/a>to the 2010 epidemic, health officials now face an even bigger problem: protection afforded by the whooping cough vaccine doesn’t last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html\" target=\"_blank\">should get five doses\u003c/a> of the DTaP vaccine by age six, starting at two months, health experts say. While the vaccine is very effective in the short-term, protection begins to fade after the fifth dose, so kids need a booster when they turn 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, as evidence of the vaccine’s waning protection mounts, more and more vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/surv-reporting.html\" target=\"_blank\">children and adolescents\u003c/a> are getting whooping cough, also known as pertussis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a study shows, these older children and adolescents have become the most common source of infection for their baby sisters and brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors can identify a source of infection about half the time, the study, published Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org\" target=\"_blank\">Pediatrics\u003c/a>, shows that siblings –- as young as four and a half and as old as nine –- transmitted the disease in over 35 percent of cases with mothers responsible for infecting their babies in about 20 percent of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, mothers were the most common source of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough causes acute spasms of coughing, which are typically followed by high-pitched “\u003ca href=\"https://www.soundsofpertussis.com/\">whoops\u003c/a>” in the struggle to breathe. Infants, especially those too young to be vaccinated, face the greatest risk of severe illness and death from pertussis, as the deadly parasite overwhelms their still developing lungs. About half of infected babies must be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, health officials have recommended that all pregnant women get a Tdap shot, says Tami Skoff, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“By vaccinating during pregnancy,” Skoff explains, “the mother passes protective antibodies to her baby that protect the baby against pertussis during the first few critical months of life, before the infant begins their own pertussis immunization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/whooping-cough-vaccination-pregnant.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Early studies\u003c/a> in the United Kingdom show that vaccinating during pregnancy is a highly effective strategy to protect infants, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the UK program was introduced in 2012, babies whose mothers were vaccinated against pertussis at least a week before birth had a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60686-3/abstract\">91 percent lower risk \u003c/a>of contracting the disease than babies whose mothers did not get a shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the shift in disease transmission from mothers to siblings, should recommendations for a booster be shifted younger than the current age of 11, if mom is expecting a baby?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not a trivial decision, says Art Reingold, a UC Berkeley professor of public health. “Given what we know about the fairly rapid decline in vaccine-induced protection, one would want to at least model the likely effects of shifting the age for a booster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, because protection from the vaccine starts to fade from about 98 percent effectiveness to about 70 percent five years later, changing the timing of the booster could simply shift the burden of disease to other age groups, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most effective strategy is to get all pregnant women vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/discond/pages/pertussis.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">during the third trimester\u003c/a> to protect babies for the first months of life, when pertussis is most likely to cause severe, life-threatening illness, says Reingold. The next most important thing to do, he says, is to make sure young children get all their shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an unknown source of infection for about 50 percent of cases, it’s still important for anyone who spends time with infants to be up to date on their pertussis vaccinations. Not just children, but all adults, too, including grandparents and caregivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This “\u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780027_2\" target=\"_blank\">cocooning\u003c/a>” strategy has been recommended since the Tdap booster was introduced in 2005. But it’s proven difficult to implement, says Reingold, in part because many adults are not inclined to get vaccinated. But even if they were, it might not matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current “acellular” vaccine, which contains fragments of the parasite, was introduced in the late 1990s to replace the whole cell version. The whole cell vaccine afforded longer lasting protection but also caused more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pertussis, the disease is caused by toxins that are released by bacteria. The pertussis vaccine protects you against those toxins, but may not prevent you from spreading the bacteria to others — and causing illness in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this year, California has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis%2520report%25208-3-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">more pertussis cases\u003c/a>, excluding the two recent epidemics, than in any year since the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts would love to develop a new vaccine that is not only safe but also affords protection over the long haul. But the incentives for manufacturers to invest substantial sums in the needed research and trials are extremely limited, says Reingold. “I don’t expect a new vaccine to provide us an alternative solution in the foreseeable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, he says, nothing offers better protection to an unvaccinated baby than being born to a recently-vaccinated mother.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the way to his son's baseball game on Long Island, sportswriter J.R. Gamble tells me that his son, J.C., is quite a ballplayer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have a lot of clips and highlights that I show people of him doing amazing things — jumping over catches, hitting balls right-handed, hitting balls left-handed,\" Gamble says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason his son is so good at baseball, Gamble explains, is that he started at an early age — a \u003cem>very \u003c/em>early age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When he was about 14 months, I put a golf ball in his hand to let him know how a baseball would feel when he got older,\" Gamble says. By age 2, J.C., was hitting and throwing the ball. By age 3, he was playing organized T-ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Gamble says, he has spent quite a bit of money on baseball for J.C. — bats and gloves, league fees, hotels, gas and more — and it seems a good investment. Several people have told Gamble that his son looks like he's good enough to play professionally one day. School will remain J.C.'s top priority, Gamble says. But he has high hopes for his son's baseball career, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd love it if he went pro,\" Gamble says. \"I'd quit whatever I'm doing and just go be at every game.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stop to pick up J.C., and I'm expecting a teenage Derek Jeter — someone tall and muscular. So I'm rather taken aback when Gamble introduces me to his son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.C. is just 9 years old, and about 4 feet 6 inches tall. He's wearing a crisp white baseball uniform and a blue cap with a \"D\" for his team, the Brooklyn Dukes. His dad calls him by the nickname \"Little Legend.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My dad gave [the nickname] to me when I was 3 years old,\" J.C. says. \"I had just started playing baseball. And when I got my first hit, he just started calling me 'Little Legend.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His dad laughs, and adds, \"I had to make sure that he was the goods first. I didn't just name him before I saw that he was pretty good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.C. now has his baseball future all mapped out. \"I'm going to go to Stanford and get a scholarship, and then I'm going to go to the Yankees in the MLB draft,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those big dreams aren't all that unusual. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/15/413379700/a-look-at-sports-and-health-in-america\" target=\"_blank\">recent poll\u003c/a> from NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 26 percent of U.S. parents whose children in high school play sports hope their child will become a professional athlete one day. Among families with household incomes of less than $50,000 annually, the number is 39 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/probability-competing-beyond-high-school\">,\u003c/a> only a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/probability-competing-beyond-high-school\" target=\"_blank\">tiny percentage\u003c/a> of high school athletes actually go on to play professionally — roughly 1 in 168 high school baseball players will get drafted by a Major League Baseball team, and just 1 in 2,451 men's high school basketball players will get drafted by a National Basketball Association team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's extremely difficult to make the pros; we all know that,\" says Tom Farrey, director of the Sports and Society Program at the Aspen Institute and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Game-On-All-American-Champions-Children/dp/1933060468\" target=\"_blank\">author\u003c/a> of \"Game On: The All-American Race to Make Champions of Our Children.\" Yet, in recent years, he has started to see a shift among the parents of kids playing youth sports. \"The difference is that a lot of parents today see those odds and say, well, I'd better get started early with my kid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrey says more and more parents are putting their children on travel teams, hiring private coaches, and having their kids play a single sport year-round. They \"basically feed these kids sports with a fire hose from a very early age,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrey says some parents are simply following their child's passions and aptitudes. But some push their kids into competitive sports early because they believe that's how their child will get an athletic scholarship or become a professional athlete. Now, there \u003cem>are\u003c/em> some famous examples of the latter strategy paying off, he says — Andre Agassi, Serena Williams and Tiger Woods were all groomed for success basically from the time they could walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But for the vast majority of [professional] athletes, that's not their path,\" Farrey says. \"They played multiple sports when they were young. It was not about chasing the college scholarship or becoming a pro; they were just enjoying the games and falling in love with sports.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that love of sports, Farrey says, that drives kids to keep playing and to become successful — not just their parents' dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who are too enthusiastic sometimes create problems, says Dr. David Conant-Norville, a child psychiatrist with the International Society for Sports Psychiatry. About 20 years ago, doctors noticed a worrying trend: more and more parents obsessing over their kids' athletic careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would spend all the family's money,\" says Conant-Norville. \"They would spend all the family's time. They would ignore all the other children. They would ignore school — just to push children to be successful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors developed a name for this extreme behavior: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16169447\">achievement by proxy distortion\u003c/a>. The idea is that, if the kids are successful, the parents feel successful. The parents may have good intentions, says Conant-Norville, but the behavior can be extremely harmful to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really leads to a lot of anxiety, a lot of depression, a lot of family discord and traumatic childhood experience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person who has seen this firsthand is \u003ca href=\"http://ussoccerplayers.com/player/jones-cobi\">Cobi Jones\u003c/a>, a sports broadcaster and former professional soccer player who competed in the Olympics and three World Cups, and was elected in 2011 to the National Soccer Hall of Fame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in California, Jones had a close friend whose father pushed him very hard and made his friend's life miserable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't tell you how many times we would just be sitting and talking, and he would not have any nice things to say about his father,\" Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is now an \u003ca href=\"http://togetherwearesoccer.org/our-game-our-stories/our-game-our-stories-jones\">ambassador\u003c/a> for the U.S. Soccer Foundation, and has made it something of a mission to help parents put professional sports in perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wanting your child to be a college athlete or even play sports professionally is \"a great goal to have,\" Jones says. \"But I think it needs to be tempered with the sense of understanding that, most likely, your kid is not going to be a professional player.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is taking his own advice. He's the father of two young boys and says he's careful not to pressure them into trying to follow in his footsteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you came into my house, you'd see that I don't have soccer stuff in my house at all,\" Jones says. \"I don't want this to be something where they have to look at, 'Oh, Dad did this,' 'Dad did that.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it doesn't matter to Jones whether his kids become great soccer players or professionals, he says. He just wants them to love sports — and to benefit from being part of a team.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our summer series \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/413970894/sports-and-health-in-america\">Sports and Health in America\u003c/a>\u003cem> has been based on the results of our \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://media.npr.org/documents/2015/june/sportsandhealthpoll.pdf\">poll\u003c/a> \u003cem>with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/\">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation\u003c/a>\u003cem> and the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/\">Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Likely+Is+It%2C+Really%2C+That+Your+Athletic+Kid+Will+Turn+Pro%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the way to his son's baseball game on Long Island, sportswriter J.R. Gamble tells me that his son, J.C., is quite a ballplayer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have a lot of clips and highlights that I show people of him doing amazing things — jumping over catches, hitting balls right-handed, hitting balls left-handed,\" Gamble says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason his son is so good at baseball, Gamble explains, is that he started at an early age — a \u003cem>very \u003c/em>early age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When he was about 14 months, I put a golf ball in his hand to let him know how a baseball would feel when he got older,\" Gamble says. By age 2, J.C., was hitting and throwing the ball. By age 3, he was playing organized T-ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Gamble says, he has spent quite a bit of money on baseball for J.C. — bats and gloves, league fees, hotels, gas and more — and it seems a good investment. Several people have told Gamble that his son looks like he's good enough to play professionally one day. School will remain J.C.'s top priority, Gamble says. But he has high hopes for his son's baseball career, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd love it if he went pro,\" Gamble says. \"I'd quit whatever I'm doing and just go be at every game.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stop to pick up J.C., and I'm expecting a teenage Derek Jeter — someone tall and muscular. So I'm rather taken aback when Gamble introduces me to his son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.C. is just 9 years old, and about 4 feet 6 inches tall. He's wearing a crisp white baseball uniform and a blue cap with a \"D\" for his team, the Brooklyn Dukes. His dad calls him by the nickname \"Little Legend.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My dad gave [the nickname] to me when I was 3 years old,\" J.C. says. \"I had just started playing baseball. And when I got my first hit, he just started calling me 'Little Legend.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His dad laughs, and adds, \"I had to make sure that he was the goods first. I didn't just name him before I saw that he was pretty good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J.C. now has his baseball future all mapped out. \"I'm going to go to Stanford and get a scholarship, and then I'm going to go to the Yankees in the MLB draft,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those big dreams aren't all that unusual. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/15/413379700/a-look-at-sports-and-health-in-america\" target=\"_blank\">recent poll\u003c/a> from NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 26 percent of U.S. parents whose children in high school play sports hope their child will become a professional athlete one day. Among families with household incomes of less than $50,000 annually, the number is 39 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/probability-competing-beyond-high-school\">,\u003c/a> only a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/probability-competing-beyond-high-school\" target=\"_blank\">tiny percentage\u003c/a> of high school athletes actually go on to play professionally — roughly 1 in 168 high school baseball players will get drafted by a Major League Baseball team, and just 1 in 2,451 men's high school basketball players will get drafted by a National Basketball Association team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's extremely difficult to make the pros; we all know that,\" says Tom Farrey, director of the Sports and Society Program at the Aspen Institute and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Game-On-All-American-Champions-Children/dp/1933060468\" target=\"_blank\">author\u003c/a> of \"Game On: The All-American Race to Make Champions of Our Children.\" Yet, in recent years, he has started to see a shift among the parents of kids playing youth sports. \"The difference is that a lot of parents today see those odds and say, well, I'd better get started early with my kid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrey says more and more parents are putting their children on travel teams, hiring private coaches, and having their kids play a single sport year-round. They \"basically feed these kids sports with a fire hose from a very early age,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrey says some parents are simply following their child's passions and aptitudes. But some push their kids into competitive sports early because they believe that's how their child will get an athletic scholarship or become a professional athlete. Now, there \u003cem>are\u003c/em> some famous examples of the latter strategy paying off, he says — Andre Agassi, Serena Williams and Tiger Woods were all groomed for success basically from the time they could walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But for the vast majority of [professional] athletes, that's not their path,\" Farrey says. \"They played multiple sports when they were young. It was not about chasing the college scholarship or becoming a pro; they were just enjoying the games and falling in love with sports.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that love of sports, Farrey says, that drives kids to keep playing and to become successful — not just their parents' dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who are too enthusiastic sometimes create problems, says Dr. David Conant-Norville, a child psychiatrist with the International Society for Sports Psychiatry. About 20 years ago, doctors noticed a worrying trend: more and more parents obsessing over their kids' athletic careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would spend all the family's money,\" says Conant-Norville. \"They would spend all the family's time. They would ignore all the other children. They would ignore school — just to push children to be successful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors developed a name for this extreme behavior: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16169447\">achievement by proxy distortion\u003c/a>. The idea is that, if the kids are successful, the parents feel successful. The parents may have good intentions, says Conant-Norville, but the behavior can be extremely harmful to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really leads to a lot of anxiety, a lot of depression, a lot of family discord and traumatic childhood experience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person who has seen this firsthand is \u003ca href=\"http://ussoccerplayers.com/player/jones-cobi\">Cobi Jones\u003c/a>, a sports broadcaster and former professional soccer player who competed in the Olympics and three World Cups, and was elected in 2011 to the National Soccer Hall of Fame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in California, Jones had a close friend whose father pushed him very hard and made his friend's life miserable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't tell you how many times we would just be sitting and talking, and he would not have any nice things to say about his father,\" Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is now an \u003ca href=\"http://togetherwearesoccer.org/our-game-our-stories/our-game-our-stories-jones\">ambassador\u003c/a> for the U.S. Soccer Foundation, and has made it something of a mission to help parents put professional sports in perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wanting your child to be a college athlete or even play sports professionally is \"a great goal to have,\" Jones says. \"But I think it needs to be tempered with the sense of understanding that, most likely, your kid is not going to be a professional player.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is taking his own advice. He's the father of two young boys and says he's careful not to pressure them into trying to follow in his footsteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you came into my house, you'd see that I don't have soccer stuff in my house at all,\" Jones says. \"I don't want this to be something where they have to look at, 'Oh, Dad did this,' 'Dad did that.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it doesn't matter to Jones whether his kids become great soccer players or professionals, he says. He just wants them to love sports — and to benefit from being part of a team.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our summer series \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/413970894/sports-and-health-in-america\">Sports and Health in America\u003c/a>\u003cem> has been based on the results of our \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://media.npr.org/documents/2015/june/sportsandhealthpoll.pdf\">poll\u003c/a> \u003cem>with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/\">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation\u003c/a>\u003cem> and the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/\">Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Likely+Is+It%2C+Really%2C+That+Your+Athletic+Kid+Will+Turn+Pro%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Moves To Stop Misuse Of Psychiatric Meds In Foster Care",
"title": "California Moves To Stop Misuse Of Psychiatric Meds In Foster Care",
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"content": "\u003cp>By the time DeAngelo Cortijo was 14, he had been in more than a dozen foster homes. He had run away and lived on the streets for months, and he had been diagnosed with bipolar and anxiety disorders, attachment disorder, intermittent explosive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. He had been in and out of mental hospitals and heavily medicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cortijo, who was born in San Francisco, was taken from his mother after she attempted suicide when he was 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his later diagnoses, he was prescribed a combination of antipsychotics, antidepressants and stimulants, and was told that taking them was his only hope of being normal. Instead, he said, medication made him feel \"doped up and completely lost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not until he spent several months developing a relationship with a horse — \"and it was huge,\" said Cortijo with a smile — that he began to really acknowledge his own feelings. \"Animals sense you, your fears, anxieties and insecurities,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding help through equine-assisted therapy — riding a horse, feeding, grooming and communicating with it — helped Cortijo to gain a better perspective on himself. \"It allowed me to understand what a bond was, to realize I am an individual who is capable of caring, capable of being normal,\" said Cortijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71797\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/sam-1_enl-22bcb13ff05089c6d5a2490ebf0f3a08ab1b43c0-e1441217324828.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-71797\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/sam-1_enl-22bcb13ff05089c6d5a2490ebf0f3a08ab1b43c0-e1441217324828.jpg\" alt=\"DeAngelo Cortijo, 22, says he benefited more from therapy than from psychotropic medications during his years in foster care.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DeAngelo Cortijo, 22, says he benefited more from therapy than from psychotropic medications during his years in foster care. \u003ccite>(Elaine Korry)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He's now 22, off all medication, and is helping troubled youth as a juvenile justice intern at the National Center for Youth Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in foster care are prescribed antipsychotic drugs at double to quadruple the rate of those not in foster care, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-201\">Government Accountability Office \u003c/a> report. Hundreds of children were found to be taking five or more psychotropic medications at a time, although there is no medical evidence to support such a drug regimen. Thousands of children were prescribed doses that exceeded FDA-approved guidelines. The report found monitoring programs for psychotropic drugs provided to foster children fell short of guidelines established by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, a \u003ca href=\"http://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-07-12-00320.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the inspector general at Health and Human Services found quality-of-care concerns in more than two-thirds of claims for psychotropic drugs paid for by Medicaid, the health insurer for most children in foster care. Those included too many drugs (37 percent); wrong dose (23 percent); poor monitoring (53 percent); or wrong treatment (41 percent). The OIG recommended that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) work with the states to enhance oversight, medical reviews and utilization reviews of psychotropics prescribed to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a sweeping package of laws to regulate the prescribing of powerful psychiatric medications to children and teens in the child-welfare system has passed the Senate and is heading to the state Assembly, where it faces no formal opposition. The reforms also are being eyed as a template for federal legislation. Anna Johnson, a social analyst at the Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>, which helped write the legislation, said an enforcement mechanism is needed to change prescribing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The legislation describes in detail the oversight function — what everyone's role is, from the juvenile court judge and the social workers, to the care providers, the lawyers, the doctors,\" said Johnson. \"And it names specifically the prescribing practices we want to see reduced: the use of multiple drugs on children, dosages that exceed maximums and the use of antipsychotics where not medically necessary because of physical health risk factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push for tougher laws follows last year's publication of a \u003ca href=\"http://webspecial.mercurynews.com/druggedkids/\">series of investigative articles \u003c/a>in the San Jose Mercury News, which alleged widespread use of antipsychotics and other psychiatric drugs without proper evaluation and monitoring among the estimated 63,000 California children in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is well beyond time for us to be having this discussion and intervening,\" said Ken Berrick, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.senecafoa.org/\">Seneca Family of Agencies\u003c/a>, which provides mental health and other services for children in California. According to Berrick, overuse of medication has been a problem for decades, often because better alternatives simply weren't available. \"Medication is available right now on demand, and other services are not,\" he said. \"When you don't have a choice, you rely on what you have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the reforms, there would be better monitoring of children on medication and closer scrutiny of physicians to identify doctors who rely most heavily on medication. The bill also calls for stricter oversight of group homes to determine if psychotropic medications are used to control children's behavior. \"Drugging and sedating children should never be considered the primary option in lieu of counseling, therapy and appropriate treatment,\" said the bill's author, Sen. Jim Beall, D-San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, social workers and caregivers in California would receive training in the risks, benefits and side effects of psychiatric medications. A mix of state and federal dollars would establish a structure to provide second medical opinions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond reining in prescribing outliers, the legislation also places a new emphasis on defining what comprises appropriate care for vulnerable youth. \"It's no longer a drugs-only approach,\" explained Johnson, who said the legislation would require that children who are being given powerful medications also receive other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/taking-pills_wide-781ec7995da58abafd14751200dad6284914990a-e1441217370456.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/taking-pills_wide-781ec7995da58abafd14751200dad6284914990a-e1441217370456.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Baker/Ikon Images/Getty Images\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're saying, you have to do something else — either first or at the same time — to really help a troubled child,\" said Johnson. \"Swallowing a pill doesn't help with grief or trauma. It may contain symptoms, but it doesn't help you move forward and be functional in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In legislative hearings, former foster youth testified about negative side effects from taking psychotropic medications, sometimes unwillingly. And they described how alternatives to drug therapy often led to better outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Tisha Ortiz, 22, help finally came in the form of a therapeutic behavioral services worker who took a genuine interest in her. \"I felt loved by her, that she actually cared,\" said Ortiz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz had a chaotic childhood filled with emotional and sexual abuse. While she lived in various group homes, she often lashed out at adults and resorted to self-harm when her emotions got the better of her. For years she lived with flashbacks to traumatic events, which her caregivers and social workers misinterpreted. \"They considered the flashbacks as hearing voices, so I got put on psychotropic meds for that, when I wasn't hearing voices at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On medication, Ortiz gained weight and found it hard to stay awake, yet she continued to feel abandoned and depressed. \"I just felt sedated, and I wasn't really dealing with the problems,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ortiz, she did not begin to get better until she was connected with a behavioral services worker who encouraged her to talk about her past. \"She helped me understand that what I was feeling was because of the situations I went through and not because there's all these things wrong with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Ortiz has had other therapists who she felt really listened to her, whom she still occasionally calls if she's had a bad day. But the self-harm has stopped, and she's tapering off the one medication that she still takes. Ortiz says it was human interaction, not drugs, that helped her. \"Having that love was one of the first steps that put me on the road to getting better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of good evidence-based treatments that work, said Shadi Houshyar, vice president for child welfare policy at \u003ca href=\"http://firstfocus.org/\">First Focus\u003c/a>, a national children's advocacy organization. \"States are just struggling with finding the providers, the resources and the dollars to pay for these interventions,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some states resort to Medicaid waivers or use their child welfare general funds to match Medicaid dollars, but that's not enough, Houshyar said. That's why First Focus and other advocacy groups have been big proponents of a White House program aimed at curbing the misuse of psychiatric medication in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration has called on states to advance alternative treatments in their child welfare systems. In his 2015 and 2016 budget proposals, President Obama unveiled a two-pronged plan allocating $750 million in grant dollars and incentive payments to address the overprescribing of psychotropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demonstration project would bring child welfare and Medicaid agencies together to provide more coordinated services, including behavioral therapies, to foster kids with a history of trauma or mental health problems. \"If we really want to solve this problem, we have to make the alternative interventions available at the same level at which medication is available,\" said Berrick. \"It's really a question of access. When that happens, people will make the right decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elaine Korry writes about health care and social policy from the San Francisco Bay Area. This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthtoday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Today\u003c/a>, the national news source for youth-service professionals, including child welfare and juvenile justice, youth development and out-of-school-time programming. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Moves+To+Stop+Misuse+Of+Psychiatric+Meds+In+Foster+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time DeAngelo Cortijo was 14, he had been in more than a dozen foster homes. He had run away and lived on the streets for months, and he had been diagnosed with bipolar and anxiety disorders, attachment disorder, intermittent explosive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. He had been in and out of mental hospitals and heavily medicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cortijo, who was born in San Francisco, was taken from his mother after she attempted suicide when he was 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his later diagnoses, he was prescribed a combination of antipsychotics, antidepressants and stimulants, and was told that taking them was his only hope of being normal. Instead, he said, medication made him feel \"doped up and completely lost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not until he spent several months developing a relationship with a horse — \"and it was huge,\" said Cortijo with a smile — that he began to really acknowledge his own feelings. \"Animals sense you, your fears, anxieties and insecurities,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding help through equine-assisted therapy — riding a horse, feeding, grooming and communicating with it — helped Cortijo to gain a better perspective on himself. \"It allowed me to understand what a bond was, to realize I am an individual who is capable of caring, capable of being normal,\" said Cortijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71797\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/sam-1_enl-22bcb13ff05089c6d5a2490ebf0f3a08ab1b43c0-e1441217324828.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-71797\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/sam-1_enl-22bcb13ff05089c6d5a2490ebf0f3a08ab1b43c0-e1441217324828.jpg\" alt=\"DeAngelo Cortijo, 22, says he benefited more from therapy than from psychotropic medications during his years in foster care.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DeAngelo Cortijo, 22, says he benefited more from therapy than from psychotropic medications during his years in foster care. \u003ccite>(Elaine Korry)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He's now 22, off all medication, and is helping troubled youth as a juvenile justice intern at the National Center for Youth Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in foster care are prescribed antipsychotic drugs at double to quadruple the rate of those not in foster care, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-201\">Government Accountability Office \u003c/a> report. Hundreds of children were found to be taking five or more psychotropic medications at a time, although there is no medical evidence to support such a drug regimen. Thousands of children were prescribed doses that exceeded FDA-approved guidelines. The report found monitoring programs for psychotropic drugs provided to foster children fell short of guidelines established by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, a \u003ca href=\"http://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-07-12-00320.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the inspector general at Health and Human Services found quality-of-care concerns in more than two-thirds of claims for psychotropic drugs paid for by Medicaid, the health insurer for most children in foster care. Those included too many drugs (37 percent); wrong dose (23 percent); poor monitoring (53 percent); or wrong treatment (41 percent). The OIG recommended that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) work with the states to enhance oversight, medical reviews and utilization reviews of psychotropics prescribed to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a sweeping package of laws to regulate the prescribing of powerful psychiatric medications to children and teens in the child-welfare system has passed the Senate and is heading to the state Assembly, where it faces no formal opposition. The reforms also are being eyed as a template for federal legislation. Anna Johnson, a social analyst at the Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>, which helped write the legislation, said an enforcement mechanism is needed to change prescribing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The legislation describes in detail the oversight function — what everyone's role is, from the juvenile court judge and the social workers, to the care providers, the lawyers, the doctors,\" said Johnson. \"And it names specifically the prescribing practices we want to see reduced: the use of multiple drugs on children, dosages that exceed maximums and the use of antipsychotics where not medically necessary because of physical health risk factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push for tougher laws follows last year's publication of a \u003ca href=\"http://webspecial.mercurynews.com/druggedkids/\">series of investigative articles \u003c/a>in the San Jose Mercury News, which alleged widespread use of antipsychotics and other psychiatric drugs without proper evaluation and monitoring among the estimated 63,000 California children in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is well beyond time for us to be having this discussion and intervening,\" said Ken Berrick, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.senecafoa.org/\">Seneca Family of Agencies\u003c/a>, which provides mental health and other services for children in California. According to Berrick, overuse of medication has been a problem for decades, often because better alternatives simply weren't available. \"Medication is available right now on demand, and other services are not,\" he said. \"When you don't have a choice, you rely on what you have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the reforms, there would be better monitoring of children on medication and closer scrutiny of physicians to identify doctors who rely most heavily on medication. The bill also calls for stricter oversight of group homes to determine if psychotropic medications are used to control children's behavior. \"Drugging and sedating children should never be considered the primary option in lieu of counseling, therapy and appropriate treatment,\" said the bill's author, Sen. Jim Beall, D-San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, social workers and caregivers in California would receive training in the risks, benefits and side effects of psychiatric medications. A mix of state and federal dollars would establish a structure to provide second medical opinions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond reining in prescribing outliers, the legislation also places a new emphasis on defining what comprises appropriate care for vulnerable youth. \"It's no longer a drugs-only approach,\" explained Johnson, who said the legislation would require that children who are being given powerful medications also receive other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/taking-pills_wide-781ec7995da58abafd14751200dad6284914990a-e1441217370456.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/taking-pills_wide-781ec7995da58abafd14751200dad6284914990a-e1441217370456.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Baker/Ikon Images/Getty Images\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're saying, you have to do something else — either first or at the same time — to really help a troubled child,\" said Johnson. \"Swallowing a pill doesn't help with grief or trauma. It may contain symptoms, but it doesn't help you move forward and be functional in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In legislative hearings, former foster youth testified about negative side effects from taking psychotropic medications, sometimes unwillingly. And they described how alternatives to drug therapy often led to better outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Tisha Ortiz, 22, help finally came in the form of a therapeutic behavioral services worker who took a genuine interest in her. \"I felt loved by her, that she actually cared,\" said Ortiz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz had a chaotic childhood filled with emotional and sexual abuse. While she lived in various group homes, she often lashed out at adults and resorted to self-harm when her emotions got the better of her. For years she lived with flashbacks to traumatic events, which her caregivers and social workers misinterpreted. \"They considered the flashbacks as hearing voices, so I got put on psychotropic meds for that, when I wasn't hearing voices at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On medication, Ortiz gained weight and found it hard to stay awake, yet she continued to feel abandoned and depressed. \"I just felt sedated, and I wasn't really dealing with the problems,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ortiz, she did not begin to get better until she was connected with a behavioral services worker who encouraged her to talk about her past. \"She helped me understand that what I was feeling was because of the situations I went through and not because there's all these things wrong with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Ortiz has had other therapists who she felt really listened to her, whom she still occasionally calls if she's had a bad day. But the self-harm has stopped, and she's tapering off the one medication that she still takes. Ortiz says it was human interaction, not drugs, that helped her. \"Having that love was one of the first steps that put me on the road to getting better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of good evidence-based treatments that work, said Shadi Houshyar, vice president for child welfare policy at \u003ca href=\"http://firstfocus.org/\">First Focus\u003c/a>, a national children's advocacy organization. \"States are just struggling with finding the providers, the resources and the dollars to pay for these interventions,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some states resort to Medicaid waivers or use their child welfare general funds to match Medicaid dollars, but that's not enough, Houshyar said. That's why First Focus and other advocacy groups have been big proponents of a White House program aimed at curbing the misuse of psychiatric medication in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration has called on states to advance alternative treatments in their child welfare systems. In his 2015 and 2016 budget proposals, President Obama unveiled a two-pronged plan allocating $750 million in grant dollars and incentive payments to address the overprescribing of psychotropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demonstration project would bring child welfare and Medicaid agencies together to provide more coordinated services, including behavioral therapies, to foster kids with a history of trauma or mental health problems. \"If we really want to solve this problem, we have to make the alternative interventions available at the same level at which medication is available,\" said Berrick. \"It's really a question of access. When that happens, people will make the right decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elaine Korry writes about health care and social policy from the San Francisco Bay Area. This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthtoday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Today\u003c/a>, the national news source for youth-service professionals, including child welfare and juvenile justice, youth development and out-of-school-time programming. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Moves+To+Stop+Misuse+Of+Psychiatric+Meds+In+Foster+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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