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"content": "\u003cp>Nothing says \"I'm a new driver\" more than a fire-red label stuck to your license plate for all to see. That's what happens in New Jersey to anyone with a learner's permit under age 21. But identifying these newest drivers doesn't necessarily help reduce crash rates, research finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For young drivers holding a learner's permit, putting up the decal has no significant effect, For young drivers holding a learner's permit, putting up the decal has no significant effect, a \u003ca href=\"http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/early/2015/05/27/injuryprev-2015-041569\">study\u003c/a> published this week in the journal Injury Prevention suggests. On the other hand, the same researchers have found a substantial reduction in crashes when warning labels are required in the first months after a young person exchanges that beginner's permit for an actual driver's license\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey rolled out its decal mandate in \u003ca href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/mvc/About/safety_gdl.htm\">May 2010\u003c/a> as part of the state's graduated driver licensing laws. These \u003ca href=\"http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/laws/graduatedlicenseintro?topicName=teenagers\">GDL laws\u003c/a>, which are now in use in \u003ca href=\"http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/laws/graduatedlicenseintro?topicName=teenagers\">various\u003c/a> ways in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, are designed to only gradually ramp up the rights and independence of teen drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how they work: New drivers have to be at least 16 to get a driving permit. Then they can only drive under adult supervision, typically for at least 50 hours. After earning an intermediate license when they can drive alone, teens face restrictions on nighttime driving, cellphone use and the number of peer passengers allowed in the car. These restrictions disappear with full-fledged licensure, usually 12 months after the intermediate stage or when the driver reaches the age of 18. And they are still required to follow state laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"GDL has been the cornerstone of public policy in reducing [teen driver] crashes,\" \u003ca href=\"https://injury.research.chop.edu/meet-our-team/allison-e-curry#.VZFIXPlVhHw\">Allison Curry\u003c/a>, main author of the study, says. \"One of the challenges with GDL is it's difficult for the police to identify learner drivers and intermediate drivers,\" Curry says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey's decal mandate is the first of its kind in the nation. The reasoning behind it is simple: The police can now easily identify teen drivers who are violating GDL restrictions, such as driving at night. And the hope is that the chance of being caught will make teens less likely to engage in wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curry, director of epidemiology and biostatistics at the Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and her team looked at New Jersey's crash rates and GDL citations among drivers younger than 21 in the four years pre-decal and two years post-decal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For drivers still in the baby stage of holding a learner's permit, the study showed decals didn't seem to be of much use. Curry attributes this lack of impact to parents and supervisors sitting in the car. Studies that observed what drivers were doing in their cars found that virtually all of the time, an adult sat next to the new driver, as they're supposed to. This is probably why the crash rate for newbie drivers is already very low, Curry says, and it leaves little room for the decals to make an impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not the case for intermediate drivers on the road. For them, decals are saving lives. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(14)00491-7/abstract\">study\u003c/a> published earlier this year, Curry's team found a significant 9.5 percent decrease in crash rates for that group two years after the mandate was enforced. That's an estimated 3,197 intermediate drivers prevented from crashing in two years, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all sounds promising, but could singling out teen drivers to all drivers sharing the road make them more rebellious and rash behind the wheels?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fortunately, the research did not reveal an increase in citations, which is a potential side effect of concern from the perspective that teenage drivers should not necessarily be singled out,\" Bruce Simons-Morton, a behavioral scientist with the National Institutes of Health who researches adolescent driving, wrote to Shots in an email. He did not participate in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the notions underlying GDL rules, Simons-Morton says, is that teens are best managed by their parents rather than police. Novice drivers are seldom stopped or cited for violation of GDL rules, he says, and decals appear not to increase citations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No word yet whether other states are thinking of deploying this sort of decal system with learners' permits, but Curry notes there may be long-range benefits that didn't show up in their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember that the goal is to establish good driving habits early on, she says. \"Today's learner drivers are tomorrow's intermediate drivers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Branding+Teen+Drivers+As+Newbies+Doesn%27t+Prevent+Crashes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nothing says \"I'm a new driver\" more than a fire-red label stuck to your license plate for all to see. That's what happens in New Jersey to anyone with a learner's permit under age 21. But identifying these newest drivers doesn't necessarily help reduce crash rates, research finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For young drivers holding a learner's permit, putting up the decal has no significant effect, For young drivers holding a learner's permit, putting up the decal has no significant effect, a \u003ca href=\"http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/early/2015/05/27/injuryprev-2015-041569\">study\u003c/a> published this week in the journal Injury Prevention suggests. On the other hand, the same researchers have found a substantial reduction in crashes when warning labels are required in the first months after a young person exchanges that beginner's permit for an actual driver's license\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey rolled out its decal mandate in \u003ca href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/mvc/About/safety_gdl.htm\">May 2010\u003c/a> as part of the state's graduated driver licensing laws. These \u003ca href=\"http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/laws/graduatedlicenseintro?topicName=teenagers\">GDL laws\u003c/a>, which are now in use in \u003ca href=\"http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/laws/graduatedlicenseintro?topicName=teenagers\">various\u003c/a> ways in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, are designed to only gradually ramp up the rights and independence of teen drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how they work: New drivers have to be at least 16 to get a driving permit. Then they can only drive under adult supervision, typically for at least 50 hours. After earning an intermediate license when they can drive alone, teens face restrictions on nighttime driving, cellphone use and the number of peer passengers allowed in the car. These restrictions disappear with full-fledged licensure, usually 12 months after the intermediate stage or when the driver reaches the age of 18. And they are still required to follow state laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"GDL has been the cornerstone of public policy in reducing [teen driver] crashes,\" \u003ca href=\"https://injury.research.chop.edu/meet-our-team/allison-e-curry#.VZFIXPlVhHw\">Allison Curry\u003c/a>, main author of the study, says. \"One of the challenges with GDL is it's difficult for the police to identify learner drivers and intermediate drivers,\" Curry says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey's decal mandate is the first of its kind in the nation. The reasoning behind it is simple: The police can now easily identify teen drivers who are violating GDL restrictions, such as driving at night. And the hope is that the chance of being caught will make teens less likely to engage in wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curry, director of epidemiology and biostatistics at the Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and her team looked at New Jersey's crash rates and GDL citations among drivers younger than 21 in the four years pre-decal and two years post-decal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For drivers still in the baby stage of holding a learner's permit, the study showed decals didn't seem to be of much use. Curry attributes this lack of impact to parents and supervisors sitting in the car. Studies that observed what drivers were doing in their cars found that virtually all of the time, an adult sat next to the new driver, as they're supposed to. This is probably why the crash rate for newbie drivers is already very low, Curry says, and it leaves little room for the decals to make an impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not the case for intermediate drivers on the road. For them, decals are saving lives. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(14)00491-7/abstract\">study\u003c/a> published earlier this year, Curry's team found a significant 9.5 percent decrease in crash rates for that group two years after the mandate was enforced. That's an estimated 3,197 intermediate drivers prevented from crashing in two years, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all sounds promising, but could singling out teen drivers to all drivers sharing the road make them more rebellious and rash behind the wheels?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fortunately, the research did not reveal an increase in citations, which is a potential side effect of concern from the perspective that teenage drivers should not necessarily be singled out,\" Bruce Simons-Morton, a behavioral scientist with the National Institutes of Health who researches adolescent driving, wrote to Shots in an email. He did not participate in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the notions underlying GDL rules, Simons-Morton says, is that teens are best managed by their parents rather than police. Novice drivers are seldom stopped or cited for violation of GDL rules, he says, and decals appear not to increase citations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No word yet whether other states are thinking of deploying this sort of decal system with learners' permits, but Curry notes there may be long-range benefits that didn't show up in their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember that the goal is to establish good driving habits early on, she says. \"Today's learner drivers are tomorrow's intermediate drivers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Branding+Teen+Drivers+As+Newbies+Doesn%27t+Prevent+Crashes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is on the brink of enacting a law that would require nearly all children to be vaccinated in order to attend school. While the bill has passed the Legislature, public health officials have had to grapple with a strong, vocal opposition along the way. (\u003cstrong>Update July 1\u003c/strong>: Gov. Jerry Brown yesterday \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">signed the bill into law\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's actually a long history to the anti-vaccination movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From the moment the very first vaccine came on the scene, which was the smallpox vaccine, there has been resistance to vaccines and vaccination,\" says Elena Conis, a history professor at Emory University and author of Vaccine Nation: America's Changing Relationship with Immunization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that the modern-day resistance movement shares its roots and rhetoric with the social movements of the 1960s and '70s, including feminism, environmentalism and consumer rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They encouraged people to question sources of authority, including doctors,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, women's advocates started to question medical advice on reproductive health and childbirth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Women also start opting to increasingly use midwives, have births outside the hospital,\" she says, \"And also reject professional advice about formula feeding over breastfeeding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists were also encouraging people to think about chemical exposures, even in small amounts, at the same time that drug manufacturers started including package inserts listing drug ingredients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conis says that this is the context for the list of vaccine recommendations, which has grown longer over the last generation. It can be overwhelming for today's parents to watch their babies cry through one shot after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We started looking at the vaccine schedule and how intense and frequent these vaccines seem to come up,\" says George McCann, a general contractor and father of two daughters, who lives north of San Francisco. \"So we started talking about whether or not this seemed to be the best approach for our children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife decided to have their girls get some vaccines, but not all. They skipped vaccines for pneumonia and chicken pox and waited on polio until the girls were older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole issue for me comes down to the idea that somehow the state would get to mandate that all of us have to do something, as if we don't have the ability to look into this with compassion and intelligence and critical thinking on behalf of our children,\" he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carl Krawitt asks that those who don't vaccinate or delay think about other peoples' children. His son couldn't get vaccinated for five years while he was being treated for leukemia. He depended on others to be immunized so they couldn't spread potentially deadly diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People often don't understand that their choices have an impact on others,\" he says. \"People take personal freedoms to such an extreme that they forget about the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the types of parental debates Dr. Matt Willis is navigating. He's the public health officer for Marin County. In some communities there, only half the kids are fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His office is trying to figure out why. It did a survey and found a few common characteristics of today's parents who don't vaccinate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A higher proportion are getting information from the Internet, and a higher number of the parents were seeing alternative medical providers,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis has developed a list of talking points for each vaccine. He tells parents that there's no link between the measles vaccine and autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that polio is probably his toughest sell. The disease was eradicated from the United States in the late 1970s, so American parents today have no memory of how horrible the disease was. While the polio virus is not endemic to the U.S., he reminds parents that it still is in other parts of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really just one plane ride away,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis tell parents who want to delay some vaccines to think of them like a seat belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could choose to put them in their safety belt as you leave your driveway and start driving, or you could choose to pull over 10 miles later and put it on,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis is hoping California Gov. Jerry Brown will sign the bill prohibiting parents from opting out of vaccines for religious or personal beliefs. If passed, the law would take effect on Jan. 1, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will certainly make my job a lot easier,\" he says, because controlling a disease outbreak is like fighting a fire. \"It's much easier to prevent a fire from happening in the first place than it is to try and extinguish it once it's spreading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a reporting partnership with NPR, KQED and Kaiser Health News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is on the brink of enacting a law that would require nearly all children to be vaccinated in order to attend school. While the bill has passed the Legislature, public health officials have had to grapple with a strong, vocal opposition along the way. (\u003cstrong>Update July 1\u003c/strong>: Gov. Jerry Brown yesterday \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">signed the bill into law\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's actually a long history to the anti-vaccination movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From the moment the very first vaccine came on the scene, which was the smallpox vaccine, there has been resistance to vaccines and vaccination,\" says Elena Conis, a history professor at Emory University and author of Vaccine Nation: America's Changing Relationship with Immunization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that the modern-day resistance movement shares its roots and rhetoric with the social movements of the 1960s and '70s, including feminism, environmentalism and consumer rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They encouraged people to question sources of authority, including doctors,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, women's advocates started to question medical advice on reproductive health and childbirth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Women also start opting to increasingly use midwives, have births outside the hospital,\" she says, \"And also reject professional advice about formula feeding over breastfeeding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists were also encouraging people to think about chemical exposures, even in small amounts, at the same time that drug manufacturers started including package inserts listing drug ingredients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conis says that this is the context for the list of vaccine recommendations, which has grown longer over the last generation. It can be overwhelming for today's parents to watch their babies cry through one shot after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We started looking at the vaccine schedule and how intense and frequent these vaccines seem to come up,\" says George McCann, a general contractor and father of two daughters, who lives north of San Francisco. \"So we started talking about whether or not this seemed to be the best approach for our children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife decided to have their girls get some vaccines, but not all. They skipped vaccines for pneumonia and chicken pox and waited on polio until the girls were older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole issue for me comes down to the idea that somehow the state would get to mandate that all of us have to do something, as if we don't have the ability to look into this with compassion and intelligence and critical thinking on behalf of our children,\" he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carl Krawitt asks that those who don't vaccinate or delay think about other peoples' children. His son couldn't get vaccinated for five years while he was being treated for leukemia. He depended on others to be immunized so they couldn't spread potentially deadly diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People often don't understand that their choices have an impact on others,\" he says. \"People take personal freedoms to such an extreme that they forget about the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the types of parental debates Dr. Matt Willis is navigating. He's the public health officer for Marin County. In some communities there, only half the kids are fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His office is trying to figure out why. It did a survey and found a few common characteristics of today's parents who don't vaccinate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A higher proportion are getting information from the Internet, and a higher number of the parents were seeing alternative medical providers,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis has developed a list of talking points for each vaccine. He tells parents that there's no link between the measles vaccine and autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that polio is probably his toughest sell. The disease was eradicated from the United States in the late 1970s, so American parents today have no memory of how horrible the disease was. While the polio virus is not endemic to the U.S., he reminds parents that it still is in other parts of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really just one plane ride away,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis tell parents who want to delay some vaccines to think of them like a seat belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could choose to put them in their safety belt as you leave your driveway and start driving, or you could choose to pull over 10 miles later and put it on,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis is hoping California Gov. Jerry Brown will sign the bill prohibiting parents from opting out of vaccines for religious or personal beliefs. If passed, the law would take effect on Jan. 1, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will certainly make my job a lot easier,\" he says, because controlling a disease outbreak is like fighting a fire. \"It's much easier to prevent a fire from happening in the first place than it is to try and extinguish it once it's spreading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a reporting partnership with NPR, KQED and Kaiser Health News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Undocumented Immigrants Help Keep Medicare Solvent, According to Study",
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"content": "\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants pay billions more into Medicare every year than they use in health benefits, and they subsidize care for other Americans, according to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/~/media/Files/2015/PDFs/Immigrants%20%20Medicare%20study.ashx\" target=\"_blank\">study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine\u003c/a> contends that undocumented immigrants generated surplus Medicare contributions of $35.1 billion from 2000 to 2011, extending Medicare's estimated life span by one full year. The study appeared earlier this month as an \"online first\" article in the Journal of General Internal Medicine and will appear in a forthcoming print edition of the journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"aO3J6Lbfz2x8WePJNBkZqrXUp6drAj7b\"]Researchers from Harvard Medical School, the Institute for Community Health and City University of New York's School of Public Health at Hunter College found that in one year alone -- 2011 -- undocumented immigrants generated an average surplus of $316 apiece for Medicare. Other Americans generated an average deficit of $106 apiece. Undocumented immigrants contributed $3.5 billion more than they received in care in 2011, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers concluded that restricting immigration would be bad for Medicare's financial health. They estimated that contributions from undocumented immigrants during the first decade of the century prolonged Medicare's trust fund solvency by one year. The trust fund is predicted to be insolvent in 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Background and Study Methodology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants are not eligible to participate in government health programs, including Medicare and the Affordable Care Act, but they do contribute by paying taxes. Payroll taxes are the major revenue source for Medicare's trust fund, used primarily to pay hospital bills. Using an Individual Tax Identification Number or an unauthorized Social Security number, most undocumented immigrants -- the estimate in California is 90% -- pay payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers examined Medicare trust fund contributions and expenditures from 2000 through 2011, comparing data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey to calculate tax contributions. They used the HHS Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to determine medical expenses paid by Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For years I have seen my unauthorized immigrant patients be blamed for driving up health care costs,\" lead author Leah Zallman, a faculty member at Harvard Medical School and researcher at the Institute for Community Health said in a prepared statement. \"Yet few acknowledge their contributions. Our study demonstrates that in one large sector of the U.S. health care economy, unauthorized immigrants actually subsidize the care of other Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS officials declined to comment on the research, citing a standing policy against commenting on \"outside studies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Implications for Medi-Cal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the research dealt exclusively with Medicare -- the federal health coverage program for seniors and those with disabilities -- the findings have implications for Medicaid -- the state-federal partnership providing health care for those with low incomes -- according to California Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones (D).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While these are two different programs with different funding sources, I think there's no question that this study lends support to the efforts to extend Medi-Cal coverage to undocumented immigrants. I think many of the same points in this research -- that undocumented immigrants contribute tax money to support government programs -- applies to Medicaid and California's Medicaid program, Medi-Cal,\" Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zallman said the study's underlying message -- that undocumented immigrants' contributions should be recognized and appreciated -- applies to Medicaid, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think our study should cause us to re-examine our assumptions about the impacts of unauthorized immigrants in other sectors such as Medicaid,\" Zallman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Zingale, senior vice president at the California Endowment, said the Medicare research showed similar results to the Endowment's own efforts to secure health coverage for undocumented Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These findings mirror what we found in California -- that undocumented people contribute far more than they take out,\" Zingale said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its Health4All campaign, the California Endowment did similar research in California and found undocumented Californians paid $3.2 billion in state and local taxes in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Endowment's statistics are included in a You Tube video, California's Hidden Truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Research May Affect Immigration Reform\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones and Zingale predicted the Medicare research would help advance immigration reform efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe this may be the first study to analyze the impact of unauthorized immigrants on the national Medicare program,\" Jones said. \"The information is well researched and well documented and clearly shows they have had a very positive impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said the study goes one step further and predicts that immigrants will continue to bolster Medicare's trust fund under President Obama's immigration reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This study also analyzes the potential impact of the president's efforts if the courts allow him to move forward with immigration reform to enable some portion of the unauthorized population to stabilize their status and move forward on a path to citizenship. The net contributions persist even if there's a path to citizenship,\" Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zingale said Medicare's national status will help broaden the immigration arguments his organization has been making in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is another installment in a mounting number of facts that show how undocumented people are good for the health of our country,\" Zingale said. \"Because Medicare is a big deal, it will advance that progress toward a greater understanding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zingale and Jones both pointed to California's budget agreement last week that includes health coverage for undocumented children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Clearing the way for children of unauthorized immigrants to join Medi-Cal is a good first step,\" Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're calling that the first ever health for all kids budget,\" Zingale said. \"That shows you how far we've come. That budget received Republican votes. Indeed, we are in a very different place than we were just a few years ago. Remember Proposition 187?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, California voters approved Prop. 187, a controversial ballot measure denying public services -- including health care and education -- to undocumented immigrants. Courts declared much of the initiative unconstitutional and last year, Gov. Jerry Brown (D) signed legislation repealing unenforceable provisions of the proposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ties to National Physicians Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians for a National Health Program, a national advocacy organization, is helping spread the word about the Medicare research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the group \"had no role in conducting, financing or otherwise supporting the research, it decided to help publicize the study and its findings because they are consistent with PNHP's mission statement,\" Zallman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization's mission statement, in part, says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PNHP believes that access to high-quality health care is a right of all people and should be provided equitably as a public service rather than bought and sold as a commodity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the Medicare study authors -- Steffie Woolhandler and David Himmelstein, both professors of public health at City University of New York and lecturers in medicine at Harvard Medical School, are co-founders of PNHP.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Undocumented Immigrants Help Keep Medicare Solvent, According to Study",
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"nprByline": "George Lauer \u003cbr>California Healthline Features Editor ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants pay billions more into Medicare every year than they use in health benefits, and they subsidize care for other Americans, according to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/~/media/Files/2015/PDFs/Immigrants%20%20Medicare%20study.ashx\" target=\"_blank\">study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine\u003c/a> contends that undocumented immigrants generated surplus Medicare contributions of $35.1 billion from 2000 to 2011, extending Medicare's estimated life span by one full year. The study appeared earlier this month as an \"online first\" article in the Journal of General Internal Medicine and will appear in a forthcoming print edition of the journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Researchers from Harvard Medical School, the Institute for Community Health and City University of New York's School of Public Health at Hunter College found that in one year alone -- 2011 -- undocumented immigrants generated an average surplus of $316 apiece for Medicare. Other Americans generated an average deficit of $106 apiece. Undocumented immigrants contributed $3.5 billion more than they received in care in 2011, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers concluded that restricting immigration would be bad for Medicare's financial health. They estimated that contributions from undocumented immigrants during the first decade of the century prolonged Medicare's trust fund solvency by one year. The trust fund is predicted to be insolvent in 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Background and Study Methodology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants are not eligible to participate in government health programs, including Medicare and the Affordable Care Act, but they do contribute by paying taxes. Payroll taxes are the major revenue source for Medicare's trust fund, used primarily to pay hospital bills. Using an Individual Tax Identification Number or an unauthorized Social Security number, most undocumented immigrants -- the estimate in California is 90% -- pay payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers examined Medicare trust fund contributions and expenditures from 2000 through 2011, comparing data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey to calculate tax contributions. They used the HHS Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to determine medical expenses paid by Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For years I have seen my unauthorized immigrant patients be blamed for driving up health care costs,\" lead author Leah Zallman, a faculty member at Harvard Medical School and researcher at the Institute for Community Health said in a prepared statement. \"Yet few acknowledge their contributions. Our study demonstrates that in one large sector of the U.S. health care economy, unauthorized immigrants actually subsidize the care of other Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS officials declined to comment on the research, citing a standing policy against commenting on \"outside studies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Implications for Medi-Cal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the research dealt exclusively with Medicare -- the federal health coverage program for seniors and those with disabilities -- the findings have implications for Medicaid -- the state-federal partnership providing health care for those with low incomes -- according to California Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones (D).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While these are two different programs with different funding sources, I think there's no question that this study lends support to the efforts to extend Medi-Cal coverage to undocumented immigrants. I think many of the same points in this research -- that undocumented immigrants contribute tax money to support government programs -- applies to Medicaid and California's Medicaid program, Medi-Cal,\" Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zallman said the study's underlying message -- that undocumented immigrants' contributions should be recognized and appreciated -- applies to Medicaid, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think our study should cause us to re-examine our assumptions about the impacts of unauthorized immigrants in other sectors such as Medicaid,\" Zallman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Zingale, senior vice president at the California Endowment, said the Medicare research showed similar results to the Endowment's own efforts to secure health coverage for undocumented Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These findings mirror what we found in California -- that undocumented people contribute far more than they take out,\" Zingale said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its Health4All campaign, the California Endowment did similar research in California and found undocumented Californians paid $3.2 billion in state and local taxes in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Endowment's statistics are included in a You Tube video, California's Hidden Truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Research May Affect Immigration Reform\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones and Zingale predicted the Medicare research would help advance immigration reform efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe this may be the first study to analyze the impact of unauthorized immigrants on the national Medicare program,\" Jones said. \"The information is well researched and well documented and clearly shows they have had a very positive impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said the study goes one step further and predicts that immigrants will continue to bolster Medicare's trust fund under President Obama's immigration reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This study also analyzes the potential impact of the president's efforts if the courts allow him to move forward with immigration reform to enable some portion of the unauthorized population to stabilize their status and move forward on a path to citizenship. The net contributions persist even if there's a path to citizenship,\" Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zingale said Medicare's national status will help broaden the immigration arguments his organization has been making in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is another installment in a mounting number of facts that show how undocumented people are good for the health of our country,\" Zingale said. \"Because Medicare is a big deal, it will advance that progress toward a greater understanding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zingale and Jones both pointed to California's budget agreement last week that includes health coverage for undocumented children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Clearing the way for children of unauthorized immigrants to join Medi-Cal is a good first step,\" Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're calling that the first ever health for all kids budget,\" Zingale said. \"That shows you how far we've come. That budget received Republican votes. Indeed, we are in a very different place than we were just a few years ago. Remember Proposition 187?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, California voters approved Prop. 187, a controversial ballot measure denying public services -- including health care and education -- to undocumented immigrants. Courts declared much of the initiative unconstitutional and last year, Gov. Jerry Brown (D) signed legislation repealing unenforceable provisions of the proposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ties to National Physicians Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians for a National Health Program, a national advocacy organization, is helping spread the word about the Medicare research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the group \"had no role in conducting, financing or otherwise supporting the research, it decided to help publicize the study and its findings because they are consistent with PNHP's mission statement,\" Zallman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization's mission statement, in part, says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PNHP believes that access to high-quality health care is a right of all people and should be provided equitably as a public service rather than bought and sold as a commodity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the Medicare study authors -- Steffie Woolhandler and David Himmelstein, both professors of public health at City University of New York and lecturers in medicine at Harvard Medical School, are co-founders of PNHP.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Ends Personal Belief Exemption for Vaccines",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, June 30\u003c/strong>: Legislation ending personal belief exemptions for vaccines is now a done deal. Gov. Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a> into law, and California now has one of the strictest mandatory vaccination laws in the nation. It also becomes the third state after Mississippi and West Virginia to disallow exemptions for religious reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The science is clear that vaccines dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases,\" Brown said in an accompanying \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_277_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">signing statement\u003c/a>. \"While it's true that no medical intervention is without risk, the evidence shows that immunization powerfully benefits and protects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"8h6644X70B8IQ2kpxzDWXE8NITVr7Ta7\"]Passage of the law means that starting July 1, 2016, children will have to be vaccinated in order to attend public or private school. Those who opt out will have to be home-schooled or enroll in an independent study program off school grounds. Parents will still be able to secure a medical exemption from a health care provider, who can take into account family history in excusing kids from particular vaccinations -- one of the compromises the bill's authors made in order to get the bill passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also contains language that would allow a certain amount of grandfathering for those who already have personal belief exemptions on file. Unvaccinated kids can stay unvaccinated and still remain in school until the next “grade span,” as long as their exemption is on file before Jan. 1, 2016. However, children with these exemptions will not be able to enter preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade, and will not be able to change schools, without the mandatory vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the required immunizations, as listed in the bill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(1) Diphtheria\u003cbr>\n(2) Haemophilus influenzae type b\u003cbr>\n(3) Measles\u003cbr>\n(4) Mumps\u003cbr>\n(5) Pertussis (whooping cough)\u003cbr>\n(6) Poliomyelitis\u003cbr>\n(7) Rubella\u003cbr>\n(8) Tetanus\u003cbr>\n(9) Hepatitis B\u003cbr>\n(10) Varicella (chickenpox)\u003cbr>\n(11) Any other disease deemed appropriate by the state Department of Public Health, taking into consideration the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ongoing Conflict Over Vaccines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1153\" target=\"_blank\"> poll by the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a> found that 67 percent of Californians and 65 percent of public school parents think children should not be allowed to attend public school without getting vaccinated. Large majorities also said that childhood vaccines are generally safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of parents in California vaccinate their children, but there are pockets in the state where the rate of opting out is high. Marin County, for example, has the highest rate of personal belief exemptions in the Bay Area and among the highest in the state. Last school year, 6.45 percent of Marin’s kindergartners went unvaccinated by invoking the exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who oppose mandatory vaccinations were vocal indeed as SB277 wended its way through the Legislature, holding multiple rallies at the state Capitol, getting ejected from committee hearings, and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article18533915.html\" target=\"_blank\">issuing threats\u003c/a> to the bill's backers. The legislation thus became a battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated — a group that includes the scientific and medical community — and those who think the decision should remain personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved in any way, shape or form but remains an article of faith among some in the anti-vaccine movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a physician, and Sen. Ben Allen (Santa Monica) introduced SB277 amid the measles outbreak that started in Disneyland last December and spread to at least half a dozen additional states. A total of 117 cases were associated with the outbreak, which was declared over on April 17 of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is Gov. Brown's full \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_277_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">SB277 signing statement \u003c/a>today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>To the Members of the California State Senate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 277 has occasioned widespread interest and controversy -- with both proponents and opponents expressing their positions with eloquence and sincerity. After carefully reviewing the materials and arguments that have been presented, I have decided to sign this bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science is clear that vaccines dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases. While it's true that no medical intervention is without risk, the evidence shows that immunization powerfully benefits and protects the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature, after considerable debate, specifically amended SB 277, to exempt a child from immunizations whenver the child's physician concludes that there are \"circumstances, including but not limited to, family medical history, for which the physician does not recommend immunization...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, SB 277, while requiring that school children be vaccinated, explicitly provides an exception when a physician believes that circumstances -- in the judgement and sound discretion of the physician -- so warrant.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Senate this afternoon passed amendments to SB277, the bill that ends the vaccine personal belief exemption for schoolchildren. The vote was 23-14 on amendments added by the Assembly. The bill now moves to the desk of Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments included a provision to allow consideration of family history by physicians when they grant medical exemptions, and one to honor existing personal belief exemptions until children either reach kindergarten or seventh grade, whichever comes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has not taken a position on the bill, but as noted on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s California Politics Podcast\u003c/a>, some Capitol observers think the fact that his cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly’s Health Committee hearing was an indication he supported it, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the governor's staff has sent out statements that Brown “believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit, and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's what the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/health/ci_28380608/californias-vaccine-bill-state-assembly-passes-legislation-outlawing\" target=\"_blank\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> wrote on Thursday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Many pundits are reluctant to predict what Brown will do.\u003cbr>\n\"The three great mysteries in life are the Holy Trinity, transubstantiation and Jerry Brown's mind,'' said Jack Pitney, a Claremont McKenna College political science professor who has studied Brown's decades-long political career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time he endorsed a vaccine bill in 2012, the former Jesuit seminarian tweaked it to make it easier for Californians to claim religious exemptions. Will he be tempted to do that again -- and water down the current legislation?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That 2012 bill was AB2109, which requires parents who want an exemption for their children to submit a signed statement from a health care practitioner who has provided \"information regarding the benefits and risks of the immunization and the health risks of specified communicable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, however, \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\">directed the California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> to allow for a religious exemption to the requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings law professor Dorit Rubinstein Reiss told the Mercury News that Brown \u003cspan id=\"mn_Global\">\u003cspan id=\"MNGiSection\">\"doesn't have the authority to make this sort of change on his own. ... If someone had taken him to court, that clause could have been ruled unconstitutional.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara O'Connor, director emeritus of the Institute for the Study of Politics and Media at Sacramento State, said to the Merc that a religious exemption would prompt the legislative analyst to \"say that's not a minor modification -- it changes the totality of the law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you allow people to get a religious exemption, then everyone who opposes the bill will get one,\" she told the Merc.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, June 30\u003c/strong>: Legislation ending personal belief exemptions for vaccines is now a done deal. Gov. Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a> into law, and California now has one of the strictest mandatory vaccination laws in the nation. It also becomes the third state after Mississippi and West Virginia to disallow exemptions for religious reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The science is clear that vaccines dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases,\" Brown said in an accompanying \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_277_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">signing statement\u003c/a>. \"While it's true that no medical intervention is without risk, the evidence shows that immunization powerfully benefits and protects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Passage of the law means that starting July 1, 2016, children will have to be vaccinated in order to attend public or private school. Those who opt out will have to be home-schooled or enroll in an independent study program off school grounds. Parents will still be able to secure a medical exemption from a health care provider, who can take into account family history in excusing kids from particular vaccinations -- one of the compromises the bill's authors made in order to get the bill passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also contains language that would allow a certain amount of grandfathering for those who already have personal belief exemptions on file. Unvaccinated kids can stay unvaccinated and still remain in school until the next “grade span,” as long as their exemption is on file before Jan. 1, 2016. However, children with these exemptions will not be able to enter preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade, and will not be able to change schools, without the mandatory vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the required immunizations, as listed in the bill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(1) Diphtheria\u003cbr>\n(2) Haemophilus influenzae type b\u003cbr>\n(3) Measles\u003cbr>\n(4) Mumps\u003cbr>\n(5) Pertussis (whooping cough)\u003cbr>\n(6) Poliomyelitis\u003cbr>\n(7) Rubella\u003cbr>\n(8) Tetanus\u003cbr>\n(9) Hepatitis B\u003cbr>\n(10) Varicella (chickenpox)\u003cbr>\n(11) Any other disease deemed appropriate by the state Department of Public Health, taking into consideration the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ongoing Conflict Over Vaccines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1153\" target=\"_blank\"> poll by the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a> found that 67 percent of Californians and 65 percent of public school parents think children should not be allowed to attend public school without getting vaccinated. Large majorities also said that childhood vaccines are generally safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of parents in California vaccinate their children, but there are pockets in the state where the rate of opting out is high. Marin County, for example, has the highest rate of personal belief exemptions in the Bay Area and among the highest in the state. Last school year, 6.45 percent of Marin’s kindergartners went unvaccinated by invoking the exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who oppose mandatory vaccinations were vocal indeed as SB277 wended its way through the Legislature, holding multiple rallies at the state Capitol, getting ejected from committee hearings, and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article18533915.html\" target=\"_blank\">issuing threats\u003c/a> to the bill's backers. The legislation thus became a battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated — a group that includes the scientific and medical community — and those who think the decision should remain personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved in any way, shape or form but remains an article of faith among some in the anti-vaccine movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a physician, and Sen. Ben Allen (Santa Monica) introduced SB277 amid the measles outbreak that started in Disneyland last December and spread to at least half a dozen additional states. A total of 117 cases were associated with the outbreak, which was declared over on April 17 of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is Gov. Brown's full \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_277_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">SB277 signing statement \u003c/a>today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>To the Members of the California State Senate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 277 has occasioned widespread interest and controversy -- with both proponents and opponents expressing their positions with eloquence and sincerity. After carefully reviewing the materials and arguments that have been presented, I have decided to sign this bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science is clear that vaccines dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases. While it's true that no medical intervention is without risk, the evidence shows that immunization powerfully benefits and protects the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature, after considerable debate, specifically amended SB 277, to exempt a child from immunizations whenver the child's physician concludes that there are \"circumstances, including but not limited to, family medical history, for which the physician does not recommend immunization...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, SB 277, while requiring that school children be vaccinated, explicitly provides an exception when a physician believes that circumstances -- in the judgement and sound discretion of the physician -- so warrant.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Senate this afternoon passed amendments to SB277, the bill that ends the vaccine personal belief exemption for schoolchildren. The vote was 23-14 on amendments added by the Assembly. The bill now moves to the desk of Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments included a provision to allow consideration of family history by physicians when they grant medical exemptions, and one to honor existing personal belief exemptions until children either reach kindergarten or seventh grade, whichever comes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has not taken a position on the bill, but as noted on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s California Politics Podcast\u003c/a>, some Capitol observers think the fact that his cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly’s Health Committee hearing was an indication he supported it, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the governor's staff has sent out statements that Brown “believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit, and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's what the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/health/ci_28380608/californias-vaccine-bill-state-assembly-passes-legislation-outlawing\" target=\"_blank\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> wrote on Thursday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Many pundits are reluctant to predict what Brown will do.\u003cbr>\n\"The three great mysteries in life are the Holy Trinity, transubstantiation and Jerry Brown's mind,'' said Jack Pitney, a Claremont McKenna College political science professor who has studied Brown's decades-long political career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time he endorsed a vaccine bill in 2012, the former Jesuit seminarian tweaked it to make it easier for Californians to claim religious exemptions. Will he be tempted to do that again -- and water down the current legislation?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That 2012 bill was AB2109, which requires parents who want an exemption for their children to submit a signed statement from a health care practitioner who has provided \"information regarding the benefits and risks of the immunization and the health risks of specified communicable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, however, \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\">directed the California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> to allow for a religious exemption to the requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings law professor Dorit Rubinstein Reiss told the Mercury News that Brown \u003cspan id=\"mn_Global\">\u003cspan id=\"MNGiSection\">\"doesn't have the authority to make this sort of change on his own. ... If someone had taken him to court, that clause could have been ruled unconstitutional.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara O'Connor, director emeritus of the Institute for the Study of Politics and Media at Sacramento State, said to the Merc that a religious exemption would prompt the legislative analyst to \"say that's not a minor modification -- it changes the totality of the law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you allow people to get a religious exemption, then everyone who opposes the bill will get one,\" she told the Merc.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Disability Rights Advocates Determined to Stop California Assisted Suicide Bill",
"title": "Disability Rights Advocates Determined to Stop California Assisted Suicide Bill",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>When he was 19, Anthony Orefice hit a telephone pole on his motorcycle going 100 miles per hour. Doctors told his family he wouldn’t survive. He did, but the accident left him paralyzed from the chest down, unable to do what he loved — surf, snowboard or ride dirt bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All you are thinking is the worst, worst, worst – everything you can’t do,” said Orefice, who lives in Valencia, Calif. “I wanted to be dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two decades after breaking his back, Orefice, 40, is married, has a 7-year-old son and owns a medical supply business. He also counsels patients newly disabled from spinal cord injuries. “Depression,” he often tells them, “is part of the healing process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California legislators consider a bill that would allow terminally ill patients to get prescriptions to end their lives, disability rights advocates are speaking up in opposition. They worry that if it becomes law, depression and incorrect prognoses may lead people with serious disabilities to end their lives prematurely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill poses “considerable dangers” to people with new disabilities who may have suicidal thoughts, said Marilyn Golden, senior policy analyst at Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund. “It would almost be too easy to make an irrevocable choice,” she said. “It could lead to people giving up on treatment and losing good years of their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden added that the many people who initially received terminal diagnoses have “lived full lives [for] years or even decades” longer than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disability rights advocates have fought against bills and referendums in Massachusetts, Colorado, Connecticut and elsewhere that would have allowed doctors to prescribe lethal medication. They have met with legislators, participated in forums, conducted letter-writing campaigns and submitted newspaper opinion pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have had success after success in stopping these bills,” said John Kelly with Not Dead Yet, a grassroots group of advocates opposed to physician-assisted suicide. The coalition was less organized when laws passed in Washington, Oregon and Vermont, Kelly said. Now, he said they are determined to defeat any bill, including the one in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allowing doctors to prescribe such medication would “open the floodgates” to people taking their lives under the mistaken impression that they are imminently dying or because they think they are a burden on their families, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41688\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/06/disabilityrights2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-41688\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/06/disabilityrights2.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony R. Orefice and his family in their home in Valencia, California on Monday, June 15, 2015.\" width=\"270\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony R. Orefice and his family in their home in Valencia, California on Monday, June 15, 2015. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposed California legislation, Senate Bill 128, was prompted by the highly publicized death of Brittany Maynard, a young Bay Area woman with terminal brain cancer who moved to Oregon so she could get a lethal prescription. She took the medication and died in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The End of Life Option Act, introduced by Democratic state Sens. Lois Wolk and Bill Monning, would allow patients to get fatal prescriptions if they are mentally competent and have six months or less to live. Patients would have to make one written and two oral requests 15 days apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disability rights advocates say there aren’t enough safeguards in the bill. In a letter to Wolk late last month, Deborah Doctor, a legislative advocate for Disability Rights California, wrote that disabled people are vulnerable to abuse and could be coerced by family members not acting in the patients’ best interests. Relatives, she said, could put pressure on people to take life-ending medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is not Brittany Maynard,” Doctor said in an interview, noting that the young woman’s family supported what she wanted. “Our responsibility is to think of people who are the most vulnerable to coercion, abuse and pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctor also worries that in other cases, physicians may simply be wrong about how long someone has to live. Insurance companies also might overrule treatment for people with disabilities because of the cost of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the bill say it has many protections built in. For example, they say, people wouldn’t qualify based solely on having a disability. The bill also wouldn’t allow medication to be prescribed if the person were suffering from a mental disorder that impaired judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, physicians would have to attest that the patient’s request didn’t result from undue influence from someone else. And patients would have the final say — they must administer the medications to themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to see this law abused, and we certainly don’t want to see it used against people with disabilities who have enough problems with the health care system,” said Toni Broaddus, California campaign director for Compassion & Choices, a nonprofit organization that supports the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, Broaddus said the vast majority of disabled people wouldn’t meet the criteria for life-ending prescriptions. “Most people with disabilities don’t immediately have terminal illnesses and most disabilities are not terminal,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous efforts to pass similar bills in California have failed under opposition from doctors, religious groups and disability advocates. But the new bill recently passed in the state Senate, and its chances may be buoyed by Maynard’s case and by the California Medical Association’s historic decision to declare a neutral position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laurie Hoirup, 59, strongly opposes the bill based on her own long experience. She has had spinal muscular atrophy since she was a toddler. With a curved spine and rods in her back, she cannot eat, bathe or go to the bathroom on her own. She has trouble breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians told her family that she wouldn’t live past 10 years old. “Anyone could be given the wrong diagnoses,” she said. “I am certainly the perfect example of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoirup, who is now a grandmother, spent many years working in government and other positions on behalf of people with disabilities. She said she is particularly concerned about people being coerced into ending their lives so they aren’t a burden on others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orefice, who wished for death when he was 19, said he is now glad for what he calls the years of “bonus time.” He still struggles with physical problems, including bladder infections and pressure sores. And three years ago, he had another unrelated health scare – colon cancer. He is now in remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Orefice said he doesn’t dwell on his disability or think much about death. Instead, he focuses on his family and thinks what he’s been able to accomplish and what he still hopes to. He paddle boards, plays wheelchair hockey and races specially equipped off-road vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have affected more lives than I would have if I was walking,” he said. “When you are in the trenches, you don’t see that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Blue Shield of California Foundation helps fund KHN coverage in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a nonprofit national health policy news service. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When he was 19, Anthony Orefice hit a telephone pole on his motorcycle going 100 miles per hour. Doctors told his family he wouldn’t survive. He did, but the accident left him paralyzed from the chest down, unable to do what he loved — surf, snowboard or ride dirt bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All you are thinking is the worst, worst, worst – everything you can’t do,” said Orefice, who lives in Valencia, Calif. “I wanted to be dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two decades after breaking his back, Orefice, 40, is married, has a 7-year-old son and owns a medical supply business. He also counsels patients newly disabled from spinal cord injuries. “Depression,” he often tells them, “is part of the healing process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California legislators consider a bill that would allow terminally ill patients to get prescriptions to end their lives, disability rights advocates are speaking up in opposition. They worry that if it becomes law, depression and incorrect prognoses may lead people with serious disabilities to end their lives prematurely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill poses “considerable dangers” to people with new disabilities who may have suicidal thoughts, said Marilyn Golden, senior policy analyst at Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund. “It would almost be too easy to make an irrevocable choice,” she said. “It could lead to people giving up on treatment and losing good years of their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden added that the many people who initially received terminal diagnoses have “lived full lives [for] years or even decades” longer than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disability rights advocates have fought against bills and referendums in Massachusetts, Colorado, Connecticut and elsewhere that would have allowed doctors to prescribe lethal medication. They have met with legislators, participated in forums, conducted letter-writing campaigns and submitted newspaper opinion pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have had success after success in stopping these bills,” said John Kelly with Not Dead Yet, a grassroots group of advocates opposed to physician-assisted suicide. The coalition was less organized when laws passed in Washington, Oregon and Vermont, Kelly said. Now, he said they are determined to defeat any bill, including the one in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allowing doctors to prescribe such medication would “open the floodgates” to people taking their lives under the mistaken impression that they are imminently dying or because they think they are a burden on their families, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41688\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/06/disabilityrights2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-41688\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/06/disabilityrights2.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony R. Orefice and his family in their home in Valencia, California on Monday, June 15, 2015.\" width=\"270\" height=\"405\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony R. Orefice and his family in their home in Valencia, California on Monday, June 15, 2015. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposed California legislation, Senate Bill 128, was prompted by the highly publicized death of Brittany Maynard, a young Bay Area woman with terminal brain cancer who moved to Oregon so she could get a lethal prescription. She took the medication and died in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The End of Life Option Act, introduced by Democratic state Sens. Lois Wolk and Bill Monning, would allow patients to get fatal prescriptions if they are mentally competent and have six months or less to live. Patients would have to make one written and two oral requests 15 days apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disability rights advocates say there aren’t enough safeguards in the bill. In a letter to Wolk late last month, Deborah Doctor, a legislative advocate for Disability Rights California, wrote that disabled people are vulnerable to abuse and could be coerced by family members not acting in the patients’ best interests. Relatives, she said, could put pressure on people to take life-ending medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is not Brittany Maynard,” Doctor said in an interview, noting that the young woman’s family supported what she wanted. “Our responsibility is to think of people who are the most vulnerable to coercion, abuse and pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctor also worries that in other cases, physicians may simply be wrong about how long someone has to live. Insurance companies also might overrule treatment for people with disabilities because of the cost of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the bill say it has many protections built in. For example, they say, people wouldn’t qualify based solely on having a disability. The bill also wouldn’t allow medication to be prescribed if the person were suffering from a mental disorder that impaired judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, physicians would have to attest that the patient’s request didn’t result from undue influence from someone else. And patients would have the final say — they must administer the medications to themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to see this law abused, and we certainly don’t want to see it used against people with disabilities who have enough problems with the health care system,” said Toni Broaddus, California campaign director for Compassion & Choices, a nonprofit organization that supports the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, Broaddus said the vast majority of disabled people wouldn’t meet the criteria for life-ending prescriptions. “Most people with disabilities don’t immediately have terminal illnesses and most disabilities are not terminal,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous efforts to pass similar bills in California have failed under opposition from doctors, religious groups and disability advocates. But the new bill recently passed in the state Senate, and its chances may be buoyed by Maynard’s case and by the California Medical Association’s historic decision to declare a neutral position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laurie Hoirup, 59, strongly opposes the bill based on her own long experience. She has had spinal muscular atrophy since she was a toddler. With a curved spine and rods in her back, she cannot eat, bathe or go to the bathroom on her own. She has trouble breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians told her family that she wouldn’t live past 10 years old. “Anyone could be given the wrong diagnoses,” she said. “I am certainly the perfect example of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoirup, who is now a grandmother, spent many years working in government and other positions on behalf of people with disabilities. She said she is particularly concerned about people being coerced into ending their lives so they aren’t a burden on others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orefice, who wished for death when he was 19, said he is now glad for what he calls the years of “bonus time.” He still struggles with physical problems, including bladder infections and pressure sores. And three years ago, he had another unrelated health scare – colon cancer. He is now in remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Orefice said he doesn’t dwell on his disability or think much about death. Instead, he focuses on his family and thinks what he’s been able to accomplish and what he still hopes to. He paddle boards, plays wheelchair hockey and races specially equipped off-road vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have affected more lives than I would have if I was walking,” he said. “When you are in the trenches, you don’t see that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Blue Shield of California Foundation helps fund KHN coverage in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a nonprofit national health policy news service. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Court: Nursing Homes Can't Make Medical Decisions for Mentally Incompetent Residents",
"title": "Court: Nursing Homes Can't Make Medical Decisions for Mentally Incompetent Residents",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California law allowing nursing homes to make medical decisions on behalf of certain mentally incompetent residents is unconstitutional, a state court ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, which has been in effect more than 20 years, gave nursing homes authority to decide residents’ medical treatment if a doctor determined they were unable to do so and they had no one to represent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio M. Grillo wrote in the June 24 decision that the law violates patients’ due process rights because it doesn’t require nursing homes to notify patients they have been deemed incapacitated or to give them the chance to object.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grillo acknowledged the decision is likely to “create problems” in how nursing home operate but wrote that patients’ rights are more compelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stakes are simply too high to hold otherwise,” the judge wrote. Any error could deprive patients of their rights to make medical decisions that “may result in significant consequences, including death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical decisions on incapacitated residents without representatives are made by a team that includes a physician and a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that nursing homes are making end-of-life decisions without patient input is a big concern, according to the ruling. The decision cited one nursing home resident who was found to be mentally incapacitated and who had no representative. The facility staff made a decision to take him off life-sustaining treatment and he passed away in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling came after the California Advocates for Nursing Home Reform, an advocacy group, filed a lawsuit in 2013 against the state Department of Public Health. The suit alleged that nursing homes used the law to administer anti-psychotic drugs, place residents in physical restraints and deny patients life-sustaining treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Chicotel, a staff attorney for the group, said the ruling will dramatically impact the lives of the most vulnerable nursing home residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What [nursing homes] used to do was routinely make decisions big and small for their residents without really any regard to due process,” Chicotel said. “Now the residents are finally going to have their rights acknowledged and honored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even patients who are compromised should still have a say in their medical care, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have been ignored,” he said. “Unrepresented residents and the way they are treated in nursing homes has never been a priority of the Department of Public Health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department is reviewing the decision, a spokesman said. Department officials declined to comment further or say whether they planned to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law was enacted in 1992 because nursing facilities needed a way to give medical treatment to their incapacitated residents without having to wait up to six months for state approval, according to the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the decision could make it challenging for nursing homes to provide routine medical care or to offer hospice care to residents who lack the mental capacity to make their own decisions and have no designated representatives, said Mark Reagan, an attorney representing the trade group, California Association of Health Facilities, which is not part of the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the person objects, then what?” Reagan said. “That can put patients and facilities in a difficult place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And seeking court approval to provide anti-psychotic medication to residents who truly need it would be costly and time-consuming for nursing facilities, he said. “How do you keep that person safe and how do you keep the other residents of the skilled nursing facility safe?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reagan believes the ruling could have an unanticipated outcome: Patients without decision-makers could have a hard time finding a nursing facility willing to take them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this decision makes it more difficult to supply necessary care at the bedside, this population is going to be less served,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge, however, wrote that informing patients and allowing them to object is not likely to result in any significant burdens on nursing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden Gate University Law School Professor Mort Cohen, who filed the case, said the next step is for the judge to issue an order directing the state Department of Public Health, which oversees nursing homes statewide. The state could ask the court for a stay or could appeal the decision, but Cohen said he expects the decision to stick.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California law allowing nursing homes to make medical decisions on behalf of certain mentally incompetent residents is unconstitutional, a state court ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, which has been in effect more than 20 years, gave nursing homes authority to decide residents’ medical treatment if a doctor determined they were unable to do so and they had no one to represent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio M. Grillo wrote in the June 24 decision that the law violates patients’ due process rights because it doesn’t require nursing homes to notify patients they have been deemed incapacitated or to give them the chance to object.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grillo acknowledged the decision is likely to “create problems” in how nursing home operate but wrote that patients’ rights are more compelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stakes are simply too high to hold otherwise,” the judge wrote. Any error could deprive patients of their rights to make medical decisions that “may result in significant consequences, including death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical decisions on incapacitated residents without representatives are made by a team that includes a physician and a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that nursing homes are making end-of-life decisions without patient input is a big concern, according to the ruling. The decision cited one nursing home resident who was found to be mentally incapacitated and who had no representative. The facility staff made a decision to take him off life-sustaining treatment and he passed away in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling came after the California Advocates for Nursing Home Reform, an advocacy group, filed a lawsuit in 2013 against the state Department of Public Health. The suit alleged that nursing homes used the law to administer anti-psychotic drugs, place residents in physical restraints and deny patients life-sustaining treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Chicotel, a staff attorney for the group, said the ruling will dramatically impact the lives of the most vulnerable nursing home residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What [nursing homes] used to do was routinely make decisions big and small for their residents without really any regard to due process,” Chicotel said. “Now the residents are finally going to have their rights acknowledged and honored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even patients who are compromised should still have a say in their medical care, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have been ignored,” he said. “Unrepresented residents and the way they are treated in nursing homes has never been a priority of the Department of Public Health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department is reviewing the decision, a spokesman said. Department officials declined to comment further or say whether they planned to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law was enacted in 1992 because nursing facilities needed a way to give medical treatment to their incapacitated residents without having to wait up to six months for state approval, according to the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the decision could make it challenging for nursing homes to provide routine medical care or to offer hospice care to residents who lack the mental capacity to make their own decisions and have no designated representatives, said Mark Reagan, an attorney representing the trade group, California Association of Health Facilities, which is not part of the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the person objects, then what?” Reagan said. “That can put patients and facilities in a difficult place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And seeking court approval to provide anti-psychotic medication to residents who truly need it would be costly and time-consuming for nursing facilities, he said. “How do you keep that person safe and how do you keep the other residents of the skilled nursing facility safe?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reagan believes the ruling could have an unanticipated outcome: Patients without decision-makers could have a hard time finding a nursing facility willing to take them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this decision makes it more difficult to supply necessary care at the bedside, this population is going to be less served,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge, however, wrote that informing patients and allowing them to object is not likely to result in any significant burdens on nursing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden Gate University Law School Professor Mort Cohen, who filed the case, said the next step is for the judge to issue an order directing the state Department of Public Health, which oversees nursing homes statewide. The state could ask the court for a stay or could appeal the decision, but Cohen said he expects the decision to stick.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Vaccine Bill: Kids With Existing Personal Belief Exemptions Could Stay in School -- For a Time",
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"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>SB277, the law passed by the Assembly today, contains language that would allow a certain amount of grandfathering for those who already have personal belief exemptions. To wit, unvaccinated kids can \u003cem>stay\u003c/em> unvaccinated and still remain in school until the next \"grade span,\" as long as their exemption is on file before Jan. 1, 2016. That means children cannot enter preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade without their shots, but can continue to go to school between those junctures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So an unvaccinated child who is in kindergarten, for example, could avoid getting immunized for seven years, until she reaches seventh grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jodi Hicks, with the California Academy of Family Physicians, a supporter of the bill, said that if you changed schools, you might also have to prove your child has been vaccinated, no matter which grade you were in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hicks said the grandfathering was included so schools could implement the new requirements \"with as little disruption as possible,\" retaining all the current \"checkpoints\" at which vaccinations are currently verified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28115461/bill-restricting-vaccine-exemptions-overwhelmingly-passes-state-senate\" target=\"_blank\">Mercury News\u003c/a> had this to stay about this aspect of the bill after it passed the Senate in May:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(P)erhaps the most significant compromise was the authors' pledge to \"grandfather in\" many public and private school students whose parents have claimed personal belief exemptions. That would mean that more than 13,000 children who have had no vaccinations by first grade won't have to get their shots until they enter seventh grade. And nearly 10,000 seventh-graders who today aren't fully vaccinated may be able to avoid future shots because the state does not always require them after that grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was aimed at mollifying hundreds of angry California parents who have staged rallies and jammed hearing rooms, citing their concerns over vaccine side effects and asserting their parental rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By scaling back the bill's reach, their chance of success becomes much greater,\" said Dan Schnur, director of the University of Southern California's Unruh Institute of Politics.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Because the bill was amended in the Assembly, it now goes back to the Senate for another vote before it can be sent to Gov. Jerry Brown. The governor has not said directly that he would sign the bill, but there have been indications that he is at least leaning that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the exact language of the grandfathering section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A pupil who, prior to January 1, 2016, submitted a letter or affidavit on file at a private or public elementary or secondary school, child day care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center stating beliefs opposed to immunization shall be allowed enrollment to any private or public elementary or secondary school, child day care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center within the state until the pupil enrolls in the next grade span.\u003cbr>\n(2) For purposes of this subdivision, “grade span” means each of the following:\u003cbr>\n(A) Birth to preschool.\u003cbr>\n(B) Kindergarten and grades 1 to 6, inclusive, including transitional kindergarten.\u003cbr>\n(C) Grades 7 to 12, inclusive.\u003cbr>\n(3) Except as provided in this subdivision, on and after July 1, 2016, the governing authority shall not unconditionally admit to any of those institutions specified in this subdivision for the first time, or admit or advance any pupil to 7th grade level, unless the pupil has been immunized for his or her age as required by this section.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SB277, the law passed by the Assembly today, contains language that would allow a certain amount of grandfathering for those who already have personal belief exemptions. To wit, unvaccinated kids can \u003cem>stay\u003c/em> unvaccinated and still remain in school until the next \"grade span,\" as long as their exemption is on file before Jan. 1, 2016. That means children cannot enter preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade without their shots, but can continue to go to school between those junctures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So an unvaccinated child who is in kindergarten, for example, could avoid getting immunized for seven years, until she reaches seventh grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jodi Hicks, with the California Academy of Family Physicians, a supporter of the bill, said that if you changed schools, you might also have to prove your child has been vaccinated, no matter which grade you were in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hicks said the grandfathering was included so schools could implement the new requirements \"with as little disruption as possible,\" retaining all the current \"checkpoints\" at which vaccinations are currently verified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28115461/bill-restricting-vaccine-exemptions-overwhelmingly-passes-state-senate\" target=\"_blank\">Mercury News\u003c/a> had this to stay about this aspect of the bill after it passed the Senate in May:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(P)erhaps the most significant compromise was the authors' pledge to \"grandfather in\" many public and private school students whose parents have claimed personal belief exemptions. That would mean that more than 13,000 children who have had no vaccinations by first grade won't have to get their shots until they enter seventh grade. And nearly 10,000 seventh-graders who today aren't fully vaccinated may be able to avoid future shots because the state does not always require them after that grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was aimed at mollifying hundreds of angry California parents who have staged rallies and jammed hearing rooms, citing their concerns over vaccine side effects and asserting their parental rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By scaling back the bill's reach, their chance of success becomes much greater,\" said Dan Schnur, director of the University of Southern California's Unruh Institute of Politics.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Because the bill was amended in the Assembly, it now goes back to the Senate for another vote before it can be sent to Gov. Jerry Brown. The governor has not said directly that he would sign the bill, but there have been indications that he is at least leaning that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the exact language of the grandfathering section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A pupil who, prior to January 1, 2016, submitted a letter or affidavit on file at a private or public elementary or secondary school, child day care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center stating beliefs opposed to immunization shall be allowed enrollment to any private or public elementary or secondary school, child day care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center within the state until the pupil enrolls in the next grade span.\u003cbr>\n(2) For purposes of this subdivision, “grade span” means each of the following:\u003cbr>\n(A) Birth to preschool.\u003cbr>\n(B) Kindergarten and grades 1 to 6, inclusive, including transitional kindergarten.\u003cbr>\n(C) Grades 7 to 12, inclusive.\u003cbr>\n(3) Except as provided in this subdivision, on and after July 1, 2016, the governing authority shall not unconditionally admit to any of those institutions specified in this subdivision for the first time, or admit or advance any pupil to 7th grade level, unless the pupil has been immunized for his or her age as required by this section.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Assembly Votes to End Personal Belief Exemption for Vaccines",
"title": "California Assembly Votes to End Personal Belief Exemption for Vaccines",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The state Assembly Thursday voted 46-30 to end California's personal belief exemption for vaccinating schoolchildren. The bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>, now goes back to the Senate for a vote before it can be sent to the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1N1Ev5qBIHvvj01FW48IuCB9JdgyA2WC\"]The law would allows kids with existing personal belief exemptions to continue in school until their next \"grade span.\" That means those families can still rely on their exemptions until either entering preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade. Medical exemptions would also still be allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, if signed, would go into effect Jan. 1, 2016. Starting July 1, 2016, students would need vaccinations to attend school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has not taken a position on the bill, but as noted on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s California Politics Podcast last week\u003c/a>, some Capitol observers think the fact that his cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly’s Health Committee hearing was an indication of which way the wind is blowing, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/25/417489013/california-law-to-curtail-vaccine-exemptions-clears-hurdle\" target=\"_blank\">NPR is reporting\u003c/a> that a spokesman for Brown said via email that the governor \"believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option for those opposing the bill, if it's signed, would be to try to undo it through a referendum. But that's easier said than done ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/johnmyers/status/614134251777339392\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a physician and co-author of the bill, lauded its passage. \"Many of my colleagues have been under a lot of pressure because of the vociferousness of the opposition,\" he told KQED's April Dembosky. \"But when you look at the science and the facts, it's very clear this bill is what we need to do to make sure we protect our communities, protect our children from communicable disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over the bill became a major battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated -- a group that includes the scientific and medical community -- and those who think the decision should remain personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved but remains an article of faith among some in the anti-vaccine movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation gained steam in the wake of the measles outbreak that started in Disneyland last December and spread to at least half a dozen additional states. A total of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\" target=\"_blank\">117 cases\u003c/a> were associated with the outbreak, which was declared over on April 17 of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of parents in California vaccinate their children, but there are pockets in the state where the rate of opting out is high. Marin County, for example, has the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">highest rate of personal belief exemptions in the Bay Area\u003c/a> and among the highest in the state. Last school year, 6.45 percent of Marin’s kindergartners went unvaccinated by invoking it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Marin family who had no choice but to leave their child unvaccinated during the measles scare is the Krawitts. Their 6-year-old son, Rhett, was in remission from leukemia, but his immune system was still too weak to tolerate vaccination; he had to rely on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>, a state of protection for even unvaccinated individuals resulting from immunization by enough of the surrounding population. After Carl Krawitt spoke out against those who voluntarily opt out of vaccination, Rhett became a sort of poster child for people with compromised immune systems put at greater risk from a decrease in the vaccination rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday in Sacramento, Rhett \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/23/boy-leukemia-patient-weighs-in-as-vote-on-vaccine-bill-nears/\" target=\"_blank\">delivered a petition to the governor\u003c/a>, with more than 32,000 signatures, in support of SB277.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>April Dembosky and Lisa Aliferis contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state Assembly Thursday voted 46-30 to end California's personal belief exemption for vaccinating schoolchildren. The bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>, now goes back to the Senate for a vote before it can be sent to the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The law would allows kids with existing personal belief exemptions to continue in school until their next \"grade span.\" That means those families can still rely on their exemptions until either entering preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade. Medical exemptions would also still be allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, if signed, would go into effect Jan. 1, 2016. Starting July 1, 2016, students would need vaccinations to attend school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has not taken a position on the bill, but as noted on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s California Politics Podcast last week\u003c/a>, some Capitol observers think the fact that his cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly’s Health Committee hearing was an indication of which way the wind is blowing, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/25/417489013/california-law-to-curtail-vaccine-exemptions-clears-hurdle\" target=\"_blank\">NPR is reporting\u003c/a> that a spokesman for Brown said via email that the governor \"believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option for those opposing the bill, if it's signed, would be to try to undo it through a referendum. But that's easier said than done ...\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a physician and co-author of the bill, lauded its passage. \"Many of my colleagues have been under a lot of pressure because of the vociferousness of the opposition,\" he told KQED's April Dembosky. \"But when you look at the science and the facts, it's very clear this bill is what we need to do to make sure we protect our communities, protect our children from communicable disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over the bill became a major battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated -- a group that includes the scientific and medical community -- and those who think the decision should remain personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved but remains an article of faith among some in the anti-vaccine movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation gained steam in the wake of the measles outbreak that started in Disneyland last December and spread to at least half a dozen additional states. A total of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\" target=\"_blank\">117 cases\u003c/a> were associated with the outbreak, which was declared over on April 17 of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of parents in California vaccinate their children, but there are pockets in the state where the rate of opting out is high. Marin County, for example, has the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">highest rate of personal belief exemptions in the Bay Area\u003c/a> and among the highest in the state. Last school year, 6.45 percent of Marin’s kindergartners went unvaccinated by invoking it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Marin family who had no choice but to leave their child unvaccinated during the measles scare is the Krawitts. Their 6-year-old son, Rhett, was in remission from leukemia, but his immune system was still too weak to tolerate vaccination; he had to rely on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>, a state of protection for even unvaccinated individuals resulting from immunization by enough of the surrounding population. After Carl Krawitt spoke out against those who voluntarily opt out of vaccination, Rhett became a sort of poster child for people with compromised immune systems put at greater risk from a decrease in the vaccination rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday in Sacramento, Rhett \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/23/boy-leukemia-patient-weighs-in-as-vote-on-vaccine-bill-nears/\" target=\"_blank\">delivered a petition to the governor\u003c/a>, with more than 32,000 signatures, in support of SB277.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>April Dembosky and Lisa Aliferis contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California lawmaker who wants to allow terminally ill patients to take life-ending drugs is postponing a vote on the contentious legislation as support lags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Lois Wolk of Davis says she's still trying to secure votes for SB128 to pass the Assembly Health Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue gained traction nationally after 29-year-old Brittany Maynard moved from California to Oregon to end her life in November. Wolk's bill allowing doctors to prescribe fatal drugs has already advanced out of the state Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Medical Association dropped its opposition to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml\" target=\"_blank\">SB128\u003c/a>, but the Catholic Church and other religious groups are still fighting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of four remaining votes on the bill is now scheduled for July 7. Gov. Jerry Brown, a former Jesuit seminarian, has not taken a position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill requires two doctors to confirm a prognosis that the patient who asks for the lethal drugs has six months or less to live, and has the mental capacity to make medical decisions. Patients would have to be able to take the drugs themselves without assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say legalizing assisted suicide presents opportunities for disabled or elderly people to be coerced into taking lethal medication by heirs, or indirectly by insurance companies who deny expensive, life-sustaining treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill is simply about protecting doctors and HMOs from liability and tells people with disabilities who face a terminal diagnosis, that may well prove inaccurate, that there is no dignity in our lives,” said Marilyn Golden, senior policy analyst at the Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund, after the Senate approved the bill on June 4. “Assisted suicide is dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California lawmaker who wants to allow terminally ill patients to take life-ending drugs is postponing a vote on the contentious legislation as support lags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Lois Wolk of Davis says she's still trying to secure votes for SB128 to pass the Assembly Health Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue gained traction nationally after 29-year-old Brittany Maynard moved from California to Oregon to end her life in November. Wolk's bill allowing doctors to prescribe fatal drugs has already advanced out of the state Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Medical Association dropped its opposition to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml\" target=\"_blank\">SB128\u003c/a>, but the Catholic Church and other religious groups are still fighting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of four remaining votes on the bill is now scheduled for July 7. Gov. Jerry Brown, a former Jesuit seminarian, has not taken a position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill requires two doctors to confirm a prognosis that the patient who asks for the lethal drugs has six months or less to live, and has the mental capacity to make medical decisions. Patients would have to be able to take the drugs themselves without assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say legalizing assisted suicide presents opportunities for disabled or elderly people to be coerced into taking lethal medication by heirs, or indirectly by insurance companies who deny expensive, life-sustaining treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill is simply about protecting doctors and HMOs from liability and tells people with disabilities who face a terminal diagnosis, that may well prove inaccurate, that there is no dignity in our lives,” said Marilyn Golden, senior policy analyst at the Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund, after the Senate approved the bill on June 4. “Assisted suicide is dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Boy Leukemia Patient Weighs in as Big Vaccine Exemption Vote Nears",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rhett Krawitt, the 6-year-old Marin leukemia patient who became a vaccination poster child during the state measles outbreak that began in Disneyland, is going to Sacramento Wednesday to speak out in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=sb_277&sess=CUR&house=B\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"v8Ovi7xz9WGdWEKH3AAQM5EBBRKjmqD0\"]That bill, which would require all California children to be vaccinated in order to attend school, could come up for a floor vote in the state Assembly this week. SB277 has already passed the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, parents can opt out of vaccinations through a personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over the bill has become a major battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated -- a group that includes the scientific and medical community -- and those who think the decision is personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved in any way, shape or form. As anyone knows who has gone down the rabbit hole of reading user \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/#comment-1820007057\" target=\"_blank\">comments on certain vaccine posts\u003c/a>, the back-and-forth between the two camps can get mega-vitriolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One interested party who's been following the progress of SB277 is Carl Krawitt, Rhett's father. Rhett could not be vaccinated during the measles scare because his immune system was still too weak, and was thus dependent on \u003ca href=\"http://www.vaccines.gov/basics/protection\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity.\u003c/a> So his father publicly chastised those who voluntarily forgo vaccines, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">telling KQED's Lisa Aliferis\u003c/a>, “If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that’s your responsibility, that’s your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies,\" he said, \"then … your action has harmed my child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/118290318\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story was picked up nationally, and the family has been using Rhett's high profile to push for the bill. Tomorrow, Rhett will speak at a press conference given by Assemblyman Marc Levine (D-San Rafael). Rhett will also deliver to the governor a \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/california-governor-eliminate-the-personal-belief-vaccine-exemption-that-s-putting-sick-california-kids-at-risk?source_location=petition_footer&algorithm=curated_trending\">Change.org petition\u003c/a> with more than 32,000 signatures calling for the bill's passage. (The site has \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/search?q=sb277\" target=\"_blank\">many petitions related to the bill\u003c/a>, it should be noted, both for and against.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt says he thinks the Assembly will pass the bill, but is concerned about Gov. Jerry Brown's position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has been very silent,\" Krawitt says. \"We know that [bill co-sponsor] Sen. Pan’s office has had meetings with the governor’s office, but there is no indication of the governor’s position on this issue. For me that’s troubling, because the governor is very outspoken on other issues of science -- global warming, the drought, for example. And SB277 is really rooted in scientific proof ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be true, but as noted on KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">California Politics Podcast\u003c/a> last week, some Capitol observers think the fact that Brown's cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly's Health Committee hearing was an indication of which way the wind is blowing, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the way, Rhett, now 7 and in full remission, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">began his schedule of vaccinations\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're very excited he's vaccinated,\" his father says. \"When he wasn't vaccinated, we didn't travel much. ... We avoided crowded places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now that he's vaccinated, I would feel perfectly safe going to Disneyland.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rhett Krawitt, the 6-year-old Marin leukemia patient who became a vaccination poster child during the state measles outbreak that began in Disneyland, is going to Sacramento Wednesday to speak out in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=sb_277&sess=CUR&house=B\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That bill, which would require all California children to be vaccinated in order to attend school, could come up for a floor vote in the state Assembly this week. SB277 has already passed the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, parents can opt out of vaccinations through a personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over the bill has become a major battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated -- a group that includes the scientific and medical community -- and those who think the decision is personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved in any way, shape or form. As anyone knows who has gone down the rabbit hole of reading user \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/#comment-1820007057\" target=\"_blank\">comments on certain vaccine posts\u003c/a>, the back-and-forth between the two camps can get mega-vitriolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One interested party who's been following the progress of SB277 is Carl Krawitt, Rhett's father. Rhett could not be vaccinated during the measles scare because his immune system was still too weak, and was thus dependent on \u003ca href=\"http://www.vaccines.gov/basics/protection\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity.\u003c/a> So his father publicly chastised those who voluntarily forgo vaccines, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">telling KQED's Lisa Aliferis\u003c/a>, “If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that’s your responsibility, that’s your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies,\" he said, \"then … your action has harmed my child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown last week issued a proclamation to convene a special legislative session on health care spending on the same day he agreed to a state budget that had many of its health-related provisions negotiated away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financing the Medi-Cal program may not be sustainable, Brown said, given its expansion over the past two years and the looming loss of the managed care organization tax, which could cost the state about $1.1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal, California's Medicaid program for low-income and disabled people, covers about 12.3 million Californians, slightly under one-third of the population of California. More than half of the state's children are Medi-Cal kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The budget agreement includes $40 million for full-scope Medi-Cal benefits to undocumented children, with limited funding to possibly include some undocumented adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That program was significantly trimmed from its original \"Health for All\" intent to cover all of the state's remaining uninsured.\u003cbr>\nThe new budget agreement nixed restoration of a 10 percent Medi-Cal provider rate reduction from 2011, though $30 million was included to restore the cut in Medi-Cal provider rates for dentists. It also jettisoned the idea of removing a cap on welfare payments for new mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative special session will look at:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Overall financing of the Medi-Cal program as the state readies to pay a slightly larger share of expansion costs -- the federal portion of payment for expansion shifts from 100% to 90% between 2017 and 2020\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The impending loss of the MCO tax, which has been nixed in its current form by federal officials and has provided about $1.1 billion to the state.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paying for the court-ordered restoration of a 7 percent cut in In-Home Supportive Services, which was included in this year's budget. The governor wants to discuss paying for that in future years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restoration of cuts or increases to Medi-Cal provider rates, including possible increase of rates for providers of services for the developmentally disabled. The special session was established June 19 by the proclamation. Legislative leaders have not yet set a timetable for when that special session will start.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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