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He has been living out of his backpack for 15 years and carries pots and pans to cook the food he gathers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218666845\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blackbird lists boysenberries, peaches, apples and garlic as some of the plants he relies on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wanders off a trail and stops by a plant he recognizes -- wild radish. He carefully picks a seed pod and munches on it. The radish grows underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blackbird learned about foraging after he graduated from high school and left his family and started a nomadic life that he calls traveling -- living without a regular residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he wanted to get away from the people that fed his years-long methamphetamine addiction in San Luis Obispo. “I had to get away from my dealer and friends there,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now 33, he says he shuns fast food and avoids anything with additives such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) if labeling is visible. He has ample time to forage, but the amount of food he can collect is still not enough to sustain himself. So, to the dismay of some local business owners, he heads to local dumpsters and digs for food on a regular basis as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of businesses throw food [away] that's not even bad yet, and you can just jump in there and eat it,\" he says, adding that this is just part of his choice of lifestyle, just like living without a steady home or job. “I proved to myself that you don’t need money to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59890\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"The Mendocino Presbyterian Church has been serving meals once a week for over 25 years. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-1440x1440.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mendocino Presbyterian Church has been serving meals once a week for over 25 years. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blackbird’s friend Evan Singer, 28, who used to be homeless, says he also learned to pick edible plants as a way to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can eat three different things I’m looking at right now,” said Singer, as he gazed at the bushes by the trail leading to an ocean bluff. “Even if you are homeless this is the best place to be. Because I’ve been places where I didn’t eat for weeks, eating food off the ground in alleys, and now I’m in the redwoods looking at blooming flowers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Northern California coast's temperate weather is a big plus for homeless people here, estimated at about \u003ca href=\"http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/hhsa/pdf/Point-in-Time_Count_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">1,000\u003c/a> by county officials. But Susan Holli, a board member of the Mendocino County Homeless Services Continuum of Care, says that estimate is low. She believes the real number is triple that -- with many living along the coast, mostly in the towns of Mendocino and Fort Bragg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The density of homelessness is very high here,” said Holli, noting that Fort Bragg and Mendocino's combined total population is about 8,200. “And we don’t have enough resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendocino County has one of the highest \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/jtf/JTF_PovertyJTF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">poverty rates\u003c/a> in the state, according to the Public Policy Institute of California. Finding healthy food on a regular basis can be tough for low-income residents in more remote communities such as Laytonville and Gualala. Fewer grocery stores exist there when compared to Ukiah, the county seat, or Fort Bragg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Housing is even more challenging, Holli says. Along the 140 mile coastline only one 24-bed shelter is open, the Hospitality Center in Fort Bragg, and low income residents must compete for those spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(Mendocino) is a very pleasant place to live if you have enough to live on,\" said Laura Welter, executive director at Safe Passage Family Resource Center in Fort Bragg. \"If not, it’s really hard.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Being homeless in rural California has both similar -- and distinct -- challenges than people in cities face.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every Tuesday, the Mendocino Presbyterian Church offers free meals and showers to homeless locals. On this particular Tuesday, 30 or so visitors emerge from a church building carrying paper plates with scrambled eggs, pickles and bags of potato chips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The once-a-week meal is welcome to regulars like Darion, who calls himself “Blackbird\" and declined to give his last name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike homeless people in urban areas with more options for meal programs and shelters, Blackbird has a very limited number of soup kitchens and other services nearby. Only the Mendocino Coast Hospitality Center in Fort Bragg, 10 miles up the road on Highway 1, offers daily breakfasts and dinners. Clients at the Fort Bragg Food Bank may pick up food bags just once per week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Blackbird turns to the wild to supplement his diet -- he forages edible plants and wild eggs in the headlands near the town of Mendocino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I am hungry and I don’t have any money or no means of making food, I can always walk around and make a stew or a salad out of all the different plants,” he says. He has been living out of his backpack for 15 years and carries pots and pans to cook the food he gathers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218666845&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218666845'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blackbird lists boysenberries, peaches, apples and garlic as some of the plants he relies on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wanders off a trail and stops by a plant he recognizes -- wild radish. He carefully picks a seed pod and munches on it. The radish grows underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blackbird learned about foraging after he graduated from high school and left his family and started a nomadic life that he calls traveling -- living without a regular residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he wanted to get away from the people that fed his years-long methamphetamine addiction in San Luis Obispo. “I had to get away from my dealer and friends there,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now 33, he says he shuns fast food and avoids anything with additives such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) if labeling is visible. He has ample time to forage, but the amount of food he can collect is still not enough to sustain himself. So, to the dismay of some local business owners, he heads to local dumpsters and digs for food on a regular basis as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of businesses throw food [away] that's not even bad yet, and you can just jump in there and eat it,\" he says, adding that this is just part of his choice of lifestyle, just like living without a steady home or job. “I proved to myself that you don’t need money to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59890\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"The Mendocino Presbyterian Church has been serving meals once a week for over 25 years. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-1440x1440.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/RS16314_IMG_3664-1.JPG-qut-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mendocino Presbyterian Church has been serving meals once a week for over 25 years. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blackbird’s friend Evan Singer, 28, who used to be homeless, says he also learned to pick edible plants as a way to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can eat three different things I’m looking at right now,” said Singer, as he gazed at the bushes by the trail leading to an ocean bluff. “Even if you are homeless this is the best place to be. Because I’ve been places where I didn’t eat for weeks, eating food off the ground in alleys, and now I’m in the redwoods looking at blooming flowers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Northern California coast's temperate weather is a big plus for homeless people here, estimated at about \u003ca href=\"http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/hhsa/pdf/Point-in-Time_Count_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">1,000\u003c/a> by county officials. But Susan Holli, a board member of the Mendocino County Homeless Services Continuum of Care, says that estimate is low. She believes the real number is triple that -- with many living along the coast, mostly in the towns of Mendocino and Fort Bragg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The density of homelessness is very high here,” said Holli, noting that Fort Bragg and Mendocino's combined total population is about 8,200. “And we don’t have enough resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendocino County has one of the highest \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/jtf/JTF_PovertyJTF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">poverty rates\u003c/a> in the state, according to the Public Policy Institute of California. Finding healthy food on a regular basis can be tough for low-income residents in more remote communities such as Laytonville and Gualala. Fewer grocery stores exist there when compared to Ukiah, the county seat, or Fort Bragg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Housing is even more challenging, Holli says. Along the 140 mile coastline only one 24-bed shelter is open, the Hospitality Center in Fort Bragg, and low income residents must compete for those spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(Mendocino) is a very pleasant place to live if you have enough to live on,\" said Laura Welter, executive director at Safe Passage Family Resource Center in Fort Bragg. \"If not, it’s really hard.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "San Diego Installed Public Loos, but Now They're Flush With Problems",
"title": "San Diego Installed Public Loos, but Now They're Flush With Problems",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/431240543/431343164\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a steamy San Diego afternoon, baseball fans are headed toward the Padres' downtown stadium. As they approach the park, they pass a large steel stall on the sidewalk. Darlene Collins stops to look at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not know that was a bathroom,\" Collins observes. \"I thought it was some kind of electrical equipment or something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the stall emits a familiar sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, now that I hear it flush, ...\" she says. \"I did not know that was a bathroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10639117\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10639117\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"Portland Loos are designed to deter vandalism and misuse.\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portland Loos are designed to deter vandalism and misuse. \u003ccite>(Jonathan J. Cooper/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Collins was mystified by a \u003ca href=\"http://theloo.biz/\">Portland Loo\u003c/a>, a prefabricated public restroom that's been popping up from Seattle to Cincinnati to Montreal. The loos have real toilets and running water, and are better ventilated than port-a-potties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they're controversial. The toilets turned out to be much pricier than expected, and some people complain that they could attract illict activity – prostitution or drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins isn't keen to try one out. If she had to go, she says, \"I would hold it and go in the ballpark.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portland Loos are designed to ease the daunting task of keeping a public restroom \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/21/365692827/what-microbes-lurked-in-the-last-public-restroom-you-used\">safe and clean\u003c/a>. They can be power-washed and have slits along the bottom to make it clear if there's somebody inside. They cost about $100,000 each, but that doesn't include the connection to sewer lines, which is where some cities stumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego spent more than half a million dollars installing its two loos — double the initial price tag. Now, due to more costs and residents' complaints, it's planning to remove one and put it in storage. A nearby homeless shelter will open its bathrooms around the clock instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates point out that the need to provide clean toilets is a public health problem shared by all cities; \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/08/15/158874028/bill-gates-crowns-toilet-innovators-at-sanitation-fair\">solving the problem\u003c/a> benefits residents and visitors of all economic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Bennett, homeless for 22 years, says San Diego's push to open more public restrooms has improved his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of us don't have a restroom to go to, so we can use that one and it helps,\" he says. \"It gives me a chance to not have to go all the way across town to use the restroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone is a loo fan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The homeless population is up in this area since the Portland Loo was installed,\" says Jon Wantz, who runs a restaurant a few blocks away from one. \"The increased activity, whether it be criminal or drug-related, or just transient-related in general, it's not good for business.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Affording individuals the ability to use a private and safe space to utilize the restroom is basic dignity,\" counters \u003ca href=\"http://www.girlsthinktank.org/board\">Heather Pollock\u003c/a>, executive director of Girls Think Tank, a San Diego homeless advocacy nonprofit. A restroom isn't truly public, she says, unless everyone can use it — and many people aren't allowed in the restrooms inside stores and restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I walked in and was holding all of my belongings, or I hadn't showered in a few days, there's a very high likelihood that I would not be able to utilize that,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollock points out San Diego provides free dog poop bags from dispensers across the city, but there are only a few places where a homeless person can use a toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just wonder what kind of message we're sending as a community,\" she says, \"when we're basically saying we value dog owners more than we value human beings and their basic dignity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 KPBS-FM. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org\">http://www.kpbs.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=San+Diego+Installed+Public+Loos%2C+But+Now+They%27re+Flush+With+Problems&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transcript :\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego's new public toilets in kiosks on sidewalks were designed for convenience, but they've proven to be more expensive than the city expected and controversial. From member station KPBS, Claire Trageser reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CLAIRE TRAGESER, BYLINE: On a steamy San Diego afternoon, baseball fans are headed towards the Padre's downtown stadium. As they approach the park, they pass a large steel stall on the sidewalk. Darlene Collins stops to look at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DARLENE COLLINS: I did not know that was a bathroom. I thought that was some kind of electrical equipment or something. Yeah, I thought it was some - well, now I hear it flush. I would not think that was a bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Collins was mystified by a Portland Loo, a prefabricated public restroom that's been popping up from Seattle to Cincinnati to Montreal. The loos are better ventilated than port-a-potties and have running water. Still, Collins wasn't keen on trying one out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COLLINS: It's probably disgusting - yeah, no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: If she did have to go...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COLLINS: I would hold it and go in the ballpark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RONALD BENNETT: A lot of us don't have a restroom to go to, so we can use that one and it helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Ronald Bennett has been homeless for 22 years. He says the city's push to open more public restrooms has improved his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BENNETT: It gives me a chance not to have to go all the way across town to use the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: But not everyone is a loo fan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JON WANTZ: The homeless population is up in this area since the Portland Loo was installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Jon Wantz runs a restaurant a few blocks away from one of the loos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WANTZ: The increased activity, whether it be criminal or drug-related or just transient-related in general, it's not good for business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HEATHER POLLOCK: Affording individuals the ability to use a private and safe space to utilize a restroom is basic dignity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Heather Pollock leads a San Diego homeless advocacy nonprofit called Girls Think Tank. She says people like the idea of public restrooms, just not if they have to share them with the homeless. But Pollock says a restroom isn't truly public unless everyone can use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POLLOCK: If I walked in and I was holding all of my belongings or I hadn't showered in a few days, there's a very high likelihood that I would not be allowed to utilize that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Pollock points out San Diego provides free dog poop bag from dispensers across the city, but there are only a few places where a homeless person can use a toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POLLOCK: I just wonder what kind of message that we are sending as a community when we're basically saying we value dog owners more than we value human beings and their basic dignity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Portland Loos are designed to ease the daunting task of keeping public restrooms safe and clean. They can be power-washed and have slits along the bottom to show who is inside. They cost about $100,000 each, but that doesn't include the connection to sewer lines, which is where some cities stumble. San Diego spent more than half a million dollars installing its two loos - double the initial price tag. Now, due to more costs and residents' complaints, it's planning to remove one and put it in storage. A nearby homeless shelter will open its bathrooms around the clock instead. For NPR News, I'm Claire Trageser in San Diego. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/431240543/431343164\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a steamy San Diego afternoon, baseball fans are headed toward the Padres' downtown stadium. As they approach the park, they pass a large steel stall on the sidewalk. Darlene Collins stops to look at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not know that was a bathroom,\" Collins observes. \"I thought it was some kind of electrical equipment or something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the stall emits a familiar sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, now that I hear it flush, ...\" she says. \"I did not know that was a bathroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10639117\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10639117\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"Portland Loos are designed to deter vandalism and misuse.\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/ap_301288805260_vert-e33f0180896dc2b30ae79503c64d0ac47e224240-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portland Loos are designed to deter vandalism and misuse. \u003ccite>(Jonathan J. Cooper/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Collins was mystified by a \u003ca href=\"http://theloo.biz/\">Portland Loo\u003c/a>, a prefabricated public restroom that's been popping up from Seattle to Cincinnati to Montreal. The loos have real toilets and running water, and are better ventilated than port-a-potties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they're controversial. The toilets turned out to be much pricier than expected, and some people complain that they could attract illict activity – prostitution or drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins isn't keen to try one out. If she had to go, she says, \"I would hold it and go in the ballpark.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portland Loos are designed to ease the daunting task of keeping a public restroom \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/21/365692827/what-microbes-lurked-in-the-last-public-restroom-you-used\">safe and clean\u003c/a>. They can be power-washed and have slits along the bottom to make it clear if there's somebody inside. They cost about $100,000 each, but that doesn't include the connection to sewer lines, which is where some cities stumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego spent more than half a million dollars installing its two loos — double the initial price tag. Now, due to more costs and residents' complaints, it's planning to remove one and put it in storage. A nearby homeless shelter will open its bathrooms around the clock instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates point out that the need to provide clean toilets is a public health problem shared by all cities; \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/08/15/158874028/bill-gates-crowns-toilet-innovators-at-sanitation-fair\">solving the problem\u003c/a> benefits residents and visitors of all economic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Bennett, homeless for 22 years, says San Diego's push to open more public restrooms has improved his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of us don't have a restroom to go to, so we can use that one and it helps,\" he says. \"It gives me a chance to not have to go all the way across town to use the restroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone is a loo fan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The homeless population is up in this area since the Portland Loo was installed,\" says Jon Wantz, who runs a restaurant a few blocks away from one. \"The increased activity, whether it be criminal or drug-related, or just transient-related in general, it's not good for business.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Affording individuals the ability to use a private and safe space to utilize the restroom is basic dignity,\" counters \u003ca href=\"http://www.girlsthinktank.org/board\">Heather Pollock\u003c/a>, executive director of Girls Think Tank, a San Diego homeless advocacy nonprofit. A restroom isn't truly public, she says, unless everyone can use it — and many people aren't allowed in the restrooms inside stores and restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I walked in and was holding all of my belongings, or I hadn't showered in a few days, there's a very high likelihood that I would not be able to utilize that,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollock points out San Diego provides free dog poop bags from dispensers across the city, but there are only a few places where a homeless person can use a toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just wonder what kind of message we're sending as a community,\" she says, \"when we're basically saying we value dog owners more than we value human beings and their basic dignity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 KPBS-FM. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org\">http://www.kpbs.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=San+Diego+Installed+Public+Loos%2C+But+Now+They%27re+Flush+With+Problems&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transcript :\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego's new public toilets in kiosks on sidewalks were designed for convenience, but they've proven to be more expensive than the city expected and controversial. From member station KPBS, Claire Trageser reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CLAIRE TRAGESER, BYLINE: On a steamy San Diego afternoon, baseball fans are headed towards the Padre's downtown stadium. As they approach the park, they pass a large steel stall on the sidewalk. Darlene Collins stops to look at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DARLENE COLLINS: I did not know that was a bathroom. I thought that was some kind of electrical equipment or something. Yeah, I thought it was some - well, now I hear it flush. I would not think that was a bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Collins was mystified by a Portland Loo, a prefabricated public restroom that's been popping up from Seattle to Cincinnati to Montreal. The loos are better ventilated than port-a-potties and have running water. Still, Collins wasn't keen on trying one out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COLLINS: It's probably disgusting - yeah, no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: If she did have to go...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COLLINS: I would hold it and go in the ballpark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RONALD BENNETT: A lot of us don't have a restroom to go to, so we can use that one and it helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Ronald Bennett has been homeless for 22 years. He says the city's push to open more public restrooms has improved his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BENNETT: It gives me a chance not to have to go all the way across town to use the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: But not everyone is a loo fan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JON WANTZ: The homeless population is up in this area since the Portland Loo was installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Jon Wantz runs a restaurant a few blocks away from one of the loos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WANTZ: The increased activity, whether it be criminal or drug-related or just transient-related in general, it's not good for business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HEATHER POLLOCK: Affording individuals the ability to use a private and safe space to utilize a restroom is basic dignity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Heather Pollock leads a San Diego homeless advocacy nonprofit called Girls Think Tank. She says people like the idea of public restrooms, just not if they have to share them with the homeless. But Pollock says a restroom isn't truly public unless everyone can use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POLLOCK: If I walked in and I was holding all of my belongings or I hadn't showered in a few days, there's a very high likelihood that I would not be allowed to utilize that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Pollock points out San Diego provides free dog poop bag from dispensers across the city, but there are only a few places where a homeless person can use a toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POLLOCK: I just wonder what kind of message that we are sending as a community when we're basically saying we value dog owners more than we value human beings and their basic dignity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TRAGESER: Portland Loos are designed to ease the daunting task of keeping public restrooms safe and clean. They can be power-washed and have slits along the bottom to show who is inside. They cost about $100,000 each, but that doesn't include the connection to sewer lines, which is where some cities stumble. San Diego spent more than half a million dollars installing its two loos - double the initial price tag. Now, due to more costs and residents' complaints, it's planning to remove one and put it in storage. A nearby homeless shelter will open its bathrooms around the clock instead. For NPR News, I'm Claire Trageser in San Diego. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) -- Miriam Uribe enrolled in Medi-Cal, California's low-income health insurance program, last November. But 10 months later, she still hasn't found a primary care doctor who can see her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you have (insurance), you actually still don't have it because it's still a struggle to find someone,\" the 20-year-old college student from Bellflower said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uribe isn't alone. Even though Latinos make up nearly half of California's 12.5 million Medi-Cal enrollees, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/M/PDF%20MediCalAccessComparedUCLA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a report \u003c/a>by the independent California HealthCare Foundation found that 36 percent of the Spanish-speaking Medi-Cal population has been told that a physician won't take them, compared to 7 percent of the overall Medi-Cal population. Even those who speak both English and Spanish reported similar difficulty accessing doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The numbers are very, very shocking,\" said Sarah de Guia, executive director of the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, a multicultural health advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Guia said the study doesn't explain why Latinos — whether they speak English or Spanish — are being turned away at higher rates, but public policy officials say the biggest obstacle is finding doctors who are willing to take the lower payments offered by Medi-Cal. Language barriers also play a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which compared people on Medi-Cal to those with employer-sponsored health insurance, found Latinos and Asian-Americans reported the highest rate of needing language assistance to understand their doctor. Specifically, 28 percent of Asian-Americans said their doctor does not listen carefully, compared to 15 percent of all Medi-Cal enrollees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shana Alex Charles, a research scientist at the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research who helped conduct the study, said there may not be enough providers who speak Spanish — or there could be an overall shortage of providers in communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miriam Lagos, 53, a recent Medi-Cal enrollee who lives in Sherman Oaks, said she was told she has to wait a year just to see a specialist for hearing trouble in her right ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not well-regarded by the doctors. They don't want to see us,\" Lagos said in an interview in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal, which is California's version of Medicaid, has grown rapidly in recent years as the state embraced an optional expansion under the Affordable Care Act. That surge has already led to widespread complaints about delays in patients being able to see doctors, specialists and dentists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"KAFIl6XdCpNjavq1j56T3GJSiyALel8g\"]Doctors and hospitals say the state pays much less for medical services than private insurance or Medicare, which means fewer primary care doctors and specialists are willing to treat Medi-Cal patients. Lawmakers have convened a special legislative session to discuss increasing provider payments but there is no agreement yet on how to pay for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's regulators says the state is committed to giving Medi-Cal recipients full and equal access to health care. The Department of Health Care Services says it works with health plans to monitor and reduce disparities in health care, and Medi-Cal provides materials and offers hotline assistance in 13 spoken and 12 written languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Medical Association, which represents the state's doctors, encourages its members to be sensitive to language and cultural differences as millions more residents gain access to health care, said spokeswoman Molly Weedn. The group is part of a coalition pushing for higher Medi-Cal provider payments and supports a bill by Assembly Speaker Toni Atkins, D-San Diego, seeking federal funding for medical interpreters in Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry could also do more to train a more diverse medical and clinical workforce, said Xavier Morales, executive director of the Latino Coalition for A Healthy California. A 2014 review by the California HealthCare Foundation found Latinos are \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/publications/2014/03/california-physicians\" target=\"_blank\">underrepresented in the physician workforce\u003c/a>: 38 percent of the state's population is Latino but only 4 percent of physicians were Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you look at graduates from medical schools, they don't really match the population,\" Morales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea Castillo, 21, a Medi-Cal recipient from McFarland, said it would be nice to see more Latino doctors. Growing up the oldest daughter of farm laborers, Castillo recalls driving long distances to translate for relatives at the doctor's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don't often see a provider who looks like you, who understands you,\" Castillo said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) -- Miriam Uribe enrolled in Medi-Cal, California's low-income health insurance program, last November. But 10 months later, she still hasn't found a primary care doctor who can see her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you have (insurance), you actually still don't have it because it's still a struggle to find someone,\" the 20-year-old college student from Bellflower said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uribe isn't alone. Even though Latinos make up nearly half of California's 12.5 million Medi-Cal enrollees, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/M/PDF%20MediCalAccessComparedUCLA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a report \u003c/a>by the independent California HealthCare Foundation found that 36 percent of the Spanish-speaking Medi-Cal population has been told that a physician won't take them, compared to 7 percent of the overall Medi-Cal population. Even those who speak both English and Spanish reported similar difficulty accessing doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The numbers are very, very shocking,\" said Sarah de Guia, executive director of the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, a multicultural health advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Guia said the study doesn't explain why Latinos — whether they speak English or Spanish — are being turned away at higher rates, but public policy officials say the biggest obstacle is finding doctors who are willing to take the lower payments offered by Medi-Cal. Language barriers also play a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which compared people on Medi-Cal to those with employer-sponsored health insurance, found Latinos and Asian-Americans reported the highest rate of needing language assistance to understand their doctor. Specifically, 28 percent of Asian-Americans said their doctor does not listen carefully, compared to 15 percent of all Medi-Cal enrollees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shana Alex Charles, a research scientist at the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research who helped conduct the study, said there may not be enough providers who speak Spanish — or there could be an overall shortage of providers in communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miriam Lagos, 53, a recent Medi-Cal enrollee who lives in Sherman Oaks, said she was told she has to wait a year just to see a specialist for hearing trouble in her right ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not well-regarded by the doctors. They don't want to see us,\" Lagos said in an interview in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal, which is California's version of Medicaid, has grown rapidly in recent years as the state embraced an optional expansion under the Affordable Care Act. That surge has already led to widespread complaints about delays in patients being able to see doctors, specialists and dentists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Doctors and hospitals say the state pays much less for medical services than private insurance or Medicare, which means fewer primary care doctors and specialists are willing to treat Medi-Cal patients. Lawmakers have convened a special legislative session to discuss increasing provider payments but there is no agreement yet on how to pay for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's regulators says the state is committed to giving Medi-Cal recipients full and equal access to health care. The Department of Health Care Services says it works with health plans to monitor and reduce disparities in health care, and Medi-Cal provides materials and offers hotline assistance in 13 spoken and 12 written languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Medical Association, which represents the state's doctors, encourages its members to be sensitive to language and cultural differences as millions more residents gain access to health care, said spokeswoman Molly Weedn. The group is part of a coalition pushing for higher Medi-Cal provider payments and supports a bill by Assembly Speaker Toni Atkins, D-San Diego, seeking federal funding for medical interpreters in Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry could also do more to train a more diverse medical and clinical workforce, said Xavier Morales, executive director of the Latino Coalition for A Healthy California. A 2014 review by the California HealthCare Foundation found Latinos are \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/publications/2014/03/california-physicians\" target=\"_blank\">underrepresented in the physician workforce\u003c/a>: 38 percent of the state's population is Latino but only 4 percent of physicians were Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you look at graduates from medical schools, they don't really match the population,\" Morales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea Castillo, 21, a Medi-Cal recipient from McFarland, said it would be nice to see more Latino doctors. Growing up the oldest daughter of farm laborers, Castillo recalls driving long distances to translate for relatives at the doctor's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don't often see a provider who looks like you, who understands you,\" Castillo said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>John Oliver took a look at the state of sex ed in the United States and, not surprisingly found said education wanting. On Sunday's \"Last Week Tonight\" he spent 21 minutes taking on the lack of any standards in sex ed, lambasted abstinence-only curriculum and then delivered a celebrity-filled, sex-ed video of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most importantly, he showed how an opportunity is wasted to teach adolescents about consent. In one series of clips from an educational video, he found a teenage boy suggested sex, the girl said \"no,\" and the boy then wonders, \"Does that mean 'no' or 'yes'?\" The video then instructs the girl to say \"no\" more forcefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's good that that girl was being taught she has the power to say no,\" Oliver said, \"but nowhere in the video do they point out that that guy could have been a lot better at hearing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His educational video seems to get everything right -- anatomy, clear descriptions of how to put on a condom, the importance of consent and, yes, even that abstinence is OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>In what they're calling a \"first-of-its-kind\" analysis, the San Francisco-based Breast Cancer Fund has crunched the existing data and released an \u003ca href=\"http://www.breastcancerfund.org/media/publications/reports/working-women-and-breast-cancer.html\" target=\"_blank\">analysis\u003c/a> showing 20 occupations that are associated with elevated risk of breast cancer compared against the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is the toxins that people in certain jobs may be exposed to on a daily basis that could increase risk of the disease. Breast Cancer Fund is dedicated to looking specifically at potential \u003ca href=\"http://www.breastcancerfund.org/clear-science/\" target=\"_blank\">environmental factors\u003c/a> that influence development of breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the course of doing that,\" said Jeanne Rizzo, president and CEO of the group, \"we have come to hear over and over again the issue of occupation exposure. It comes up in scientific literature, that not enough attention is being paid to women in the workplace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To examine the available data, Breast Cancer Fund convened 200 experts in a two-year long study group and found increased risk for nurses, teachers, librarians, lawyers, radiology and lab technicians, and journalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But professional women as a group bear known risk factors for breast cancer, including childbearing at an older age (or not at all), hormone use and alcohol consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the studies in their review already accounted for those risks, Sharima Rasanayagam, director of science at the Breast Cancer Fund, told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Hiatt chairs the department of epidemiology and biostatistics at UC San Francisco and has special expertise in breast cancer. He was largely positive about the analysis, saying that it summarized a great deal of studies into one place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also noted that breast cancer is a complex disease. \"This report is pretty much focused on chemical exposures, which are one piece of a very complicated picture,\" he said. \"I can't tell how much consideration has been given to the many other factors that are involved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors were clear that more research is needed including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Include women in occupational studies\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Study young women, when possible, and follow their children\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Measure exposures directly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Understand other factors that may affect risk\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In what they're calling a \"first-of-its-kind\" analysis, the San Francisco-based Breast Cancer Fund has crunched the existing data and released an \u003ca href=\"http://www.breastcancerfund.org/media/publications/reports/working-women-and-breast-cancer.html\" target=\"_blank\">analysis\u003c/a> showing 20 occupations that are associated with elevated risk of breast cancer compared against the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is the toxins that people in certain jobs may be exposed to on a daily basis that could increase risk of the disease. Breast Cancer Fund is dedicated to looking specifically at potential \u003ca href=\"http://www.breastcancerfund.org/clear-science/\" target=\"_blank\">environmental factors\u003c/a> that influence development of breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the course of doing that,\" said Jeanne Rizzo, president and CEO of the group, \"we have come to hear over and over again the issue of occupation exposure. It comes up in scientific literature, that not enough attention is being paid to women in the workplace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To examine the available data, Breast Cancer Fund convened 200 experts in a two-year long study group and found increased risk for nurses, teachers, librarians, lawyers, radiology and lab technicians, and journalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But professional women as a group bear known risk factors for breast cancer, including childbearing at an older age (or not at all), hormone use and alcohol consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Child Who Had Camped at Yosemite Recovering From the Plague",
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"content": "\u003cp>A child from Los Angeles County is recovering from a case of the plague, state health officials reported Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child was hospitalized after visiting Stanislaus National Forest and camping at Yosemite National Park's Crane Flat Campground. No one else in the child's group became sick, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other information about the child was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cases of plague in California are very rare,\" said Vicki Kramer, chief of the vector-borne disease section of the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). \"Every year, however, we do detect animals with plague in California, particularly at higher elevations. We've found it in 49 [of California's 58] counties.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plague is an infectious bacterial disease carried by squirrels, chipmunks and other wild rodents as well as their fleas. The fleas \"prefer to live on rodents,\" Kramer said, so generally don't pose a threat to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's only when the rodents die that they may seek an alternative host, such as a person,\" she said. But a person would need to come into very close contact with the rodent to become infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid this close contact, keep your distance from wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Danielle Buttke is with the U.S. Public Health Service and is currently in Yosemite investigating the outbreak, along with CDPH and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never touch or feed wildlife,\" she said. \"Don't try to approach them, give them their space.\" In particular, steer clear of animals acting strangely, because it is more likely that the animal is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other protective measures that \u003ca href=\"http://Crane%20Flat%20Campground%20at\" target=\"_blank\">CDPH recommends \u003c/a>include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Never touch sick or dead rodents\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid walking, hiking or camping near rodent burrows\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear long pants tucked into socks or boot tops to reduce exposure to fleas\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spray insect repellent containing DEET on socks and pant cuffs to reduce exposure to fleas\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Keep wild rodents out of homes, trailers, and outbuildings and away from pets\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The initial symptoms of plague include high fever, chills, nausea, weakness and swollen glands. Plague is treatable in the early stages with prompt administration of antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH says there have been no known cases of human-to-human infection in California since 1924. The last human case of plague in the state was in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasha Khokha and Kerry Klein contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A child from Los Angeles County is recovering from a case of the plague, state health officials reported Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child was hospitalized after visiting Stanislaus National Forest and camping at Yosemite National Park's Crane Flat Campground. No one else in the child's group became sick, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other information about the child was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cases of plague in California are very rare,\" said Vicki Kramer, chief of the vector-borne disease section of the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). \"Every year, however, we do detect animals with plague in California, particularly at higher elevations. We've found it in 49 [of California's 58] counties.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plague is an infectious bacterial disease carried by squirrels, chipmunks and other wild rodents as well as their fleas. The fleas \"prefer to live on rodents,\" Kramer said, so generally don't pose a threat to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's only when the rodents die that they may seek an alternative host, such as a person,\" she said. But a person would need to come into very close contact with the rodent to become infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid this close contact, keep your distance from wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Danielle Buttke is with the U.S. Public Health Service and is currently in Yosemite investigating the outbreak, along with CDPH and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never touch or feed wildlife,\" she said. \"Don't try to approach them, give them their space.\" In particular, steer clear of animals acting strangely, because it is more likely that the animal is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other protective measures that \u003ca href=\"http://Crane%20Flat%20Campground%20at\" target=\"_blank\">CDPH recommends \u003c/a>include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Never touch sick or dead rodents\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid walking, hiking or camping near rodent burrows\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear long pants tucked into socks or boot tops to reduce exposure to fleas\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spray insect repellent containing DEET on socks and pant cuffs to reduce exposure to fleas\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Keep wild rodents out of homes, trailers, and outbuildings and away from pets\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The initial symptoms of plague include high fever, chills, nausea, weakness and swollen glands. Plague is treatable in the early stages with prompt administration of antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH says there have been no known cases of human-to-human infection in California since 1924. The last human case of plague in the state was in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasha Khokha and Kerry Klein contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>States that provide Medicaid adult dental care still have high rates of dental patients who show up at hospital emergency departments, particularly in urban underserved areas, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/08/medicaid-dental-coverage-may-not-prevent-tooth-related-er-visits.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released this week\u003c/a>. The study — by researchers at Stanford University, UC San Francisco, Truven Health Analytics and the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality — was published in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/8/1349.abstract?=right\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health Affairs\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“People say there are plenty of dentists, but there’s a subtler argument we’re trying to make: that there is a low rate of dentists who take Medicaid.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers said a dearth of dental providers who accept Medicaid patients, particularly in those urban underserved areas, has limited the effectiveness of Medicaid dental coverage in states that provide it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that, in urban counties there were large concentrations of all providers, but not really to serve the poor,” said Maria Raven, senior author of the study and associate professor of emergency medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There may be a higher density of dentists [in urban areas], but they’re still not accepting Medi-Cal patients,” Raven said. “Coverage doesn’t equal access.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has resulted in high ED use even in states with Medicaid dental coverage, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal is California’s Medicaid program, and it did not have adult dental coverage in 2010, when the study’s data were collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Fingar, lead author of the study and research leader in health care at Truven, said the numbers were slightly better in rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did see that for those in rural areas, a greater supply [of dental providers] was associated with lower ED use,” Fingar said. But, she said, 90 percent of Medicaid dental visits are in urban areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”sT9KtJ06HSo5xPfgl6TvmZCmlYYDZAHP”]As a result, she said, more than 2 percent of all emergency department visits are related to non-traumatic dental conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, the American Dental Association released \u003ca href=\"http://www.ada.org/~/media/ADA/Science%20and%20Research/HPI/Files/HPIBrief_0415_2.ashx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a similar study\u003c/a> that drew similar conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the important things about the study we did is we looked at provider density,” Raven said. “People say there are plenty of dentists, but there’s a subtler argument we’re trying to make, that there is a low rate of dentists who take Medicaid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Provider rates in California are among the lowest Medicaid rates in the nation, she said, but care can still be worked out in underserved urban areas, such as the use of mid-level dental providers — or getting more dentists to see Medi-Cal patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too bad provider rates aren’t higher,” she said, “but everyone needs to pitch in. Coverage is a necessity, but you have to pair it with providers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>David Gorn is a senior reporter with \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthline. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>States that provide Medicaid adult dental care still have high rates of dental patients who show up at hospital emergency departments, particularly in urban underserved areas, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/08/medicaid-dental-coverage-may-not-prevent-tooth-related-er-visits.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released this week\u003c/a>. The study — by researchers at Stanford University, UC San Francisco, Truven Health Analytics and the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality — was published in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/8/1349.abstract?=right\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health Affairs\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“People say there are plenty of dentists, but there’s a subtler argument we’re trying to make: that there is a low rate of dentists who take Medicaid.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers said a dearth of dental providers who accept Medicaid patients, particularly in those urban underserved areas, has limited the effectiveness of Medicaid dental coverage in states that provide it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that, in urban counties there were large concentrations of all providers, but not really to serve the poor,” said Maria Raven, senior author of the study and associate professor of emergency medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There may be a higher density of dentists [in urban areas], but they’re still not accepting Medi-Cal patients,” Raven said. “Coverage doesn’t equal access.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has resulted in high ED use even in states with Medicaid dental coverage, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal is California’s Medicaid program, and it did not have adult dental coverage in 2010, when the study’s data were collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Fingar, lead author of the study and research leader in health care at Truven, said the numbers were slightly better in rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did see that for those in rural areas, a greater supply [of dental providers] was associated with lower ED use,” Fingar said. But, she said, 90 percent of Medicaid dental visits are in urban areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>As a result, she said, more than 2 percent of all emergency department visits are related to non-traumatic dental conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, the American Dental Association released \u003ca href=\"http://www.ada.org/~/media/ADA/Science%20and%20Research/HPI/Files/HPIBrief_0415_2.ashx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a similar study\u003c/a> that drew similar conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the important things about the study we did is we looked at provider density,” Raven said. “People say there are plenty of dentists, but there’s a subtler argument we’re trying to make, that there is a low rate of dentists who take Medicaid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Provider rates in California are among the lowest Medicaid rates in the nation, she said, but care can still be worked out in underserved urban areas, such as the use of mid-level dental providers — or getting more dentists to see Medi-Cal patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too bad provider rates aren’t higher,” she said, “but everyone needs to pitch in. Coverage is a necessity, but you have to pair it with providers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>David Gorn is a senior reporter with \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthline. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-053.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">issued a warning\u003c/a> Monday, particularly to pregnant women, about the prevalence and danger of whooping cough, and the need to increase the vaccination rate against the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough, also called pertussis, can be deadly for infants and is responsible for one infant death already this year, according to Karen Smith, director of the state Public Health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said, so far this year, there have been 126 infant hospitalizations due to whooping cough, along with the death of one baby -- and they're preventable, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, it's estimated that fewer than half of all pregnant women in California are vaccinated against whooping cough,\" Smith said. \"We need to increase that number to help improve the health of our children and of our communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pregnant women need to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pregnant/mom/get-vaccinated.html\" target=\"_blank\">receive the whooping cough vaccination \u003c/a>in the last trimester of each pregnancy, Smith said, because the immunity decreases over time. Getting the vaccine is critical to stemming the spread of the illness, she said, which can be particularly dangerous for children under the age of one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Vaccinated mothers pass protective antibodies to their infants during pregnancy,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whooping cough vaccine called Tdap is designed to prevent tetanus and diphtheria, as well as pertussis. Whooping cough causes a severe, persistent cough, sometimes strong enough to make infants vomit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the state declared a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/27/whooping-cough-epidemic-continues-1100-new-cases-in-last-two-weeks/\" target=\"_blank\">whooping cough epidemic\u003c/a> and reported the highest rate of the disease since the 1950s, Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The higher incidence of whooping cough in California, along with last year's measles outbreak that originated at Disneyland, led to legislation signed last month by Gov. Jerry Brown that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">eliminated the religious and \"personal belief\" exemptions\u003c/a> for childhood immunizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law goes into effect July 1, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-053.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">issued a warning\u003c/a> Monday, particularly to pregnant women, about the prevalence and danger of whooping cough, and the need to increase the vaccination rate against the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough, also called pertussis, can be deadly for infants and is responsible for one infant death already this year, according to Karen Smith, director of the state Public Health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said, so far this year, there have been 126 infant hospitalizations due to whooping cough, along with the death of one baby -- and they're preventable, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, it's estimated that fewer than half of all pregnant women in California are vaccinated against whooping cough,\" Smith said. \"We need to increase that number to help improve the health of our children and of our communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pregnant women need to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pregnant/mom/get-vaccinated.html\" target=\"_blank\">receive the whooping cough vaccination \u003c/a>in the last trimester of each pregnancy, Smith said, because the immunity decreases over time. Getting the vaccine is critical to stemming the spread of the illness, she said, which can be particularly dangerous for children under the age of one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Vaccinated mothers pass protective antibodies to their infants during pregnancy,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whooping cough vaccine called Tdap is designed to prevent tetanus and diphtheria, as well as pertussis. Whooping cough causes a severe, persistent cough, sometimes strong enough to make infants vomit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the state declared a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/27/whooping-cough-epidemic-continues-1100-new-cases-in-last-two-weeks/\" target=\"_blank\">whooping cough epidemic\u003c/a> and reported the highest rate of the disease since the 1950s, Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The higher incidence of whooping cough in California, along with last year's measles outbreak that originated at Disneyland, led to legislation signed last month by Gov. Jerry Brown that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">eliminated the religious and \"personal belief\" exemptions\u003c/a> for childhood immunizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law goes into effect July 1, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UCSF Doctors, Students Confront Their Own Unconscious Bias",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two dozen pharmacy residents find seats in this windowless classroom at UC San Francisco. You can tell they’re nervous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like it or not, all of us hold unconscious beliefs about various social and identity groups,” says Dr. Rene Salazar, a professor from the medical school. “A lot of folks come to San Francisco thinking, ‘Oh it’s such an open-minded place, there are no biases here.’ That’s not true. You’re going to see this in every hospital. It’s going to be an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Salazar wants these students to talk about is not other people's biases. But their own. And not just the biases they know they have. But the ones they don’t know –- or don’t believe –- they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many times we think about bias and unconscious bias, they are incompatible with our conscious values, right?” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eBEPuifapaRnMoFhOd3NhJEIqGPowlNq\"]Before the class, students were asked to take an \u003ca href=\"https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/aboutus.html\" target=\"_blank\">implicit association test\u003c/a>, a series of timed computer tests that measure people’s unconscious attitudes around race, gender, age, weight and other categories. Salazar asks who wants to share their results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students study their fingernails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar lets the silence linger a few seconds before clearing his throat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I can share with you my story,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he took the test for the first time, it showed that he had a preference for whites, or, a bias against African-Americans -- \u003ca href=\"http://spottheblindspot.com/the-book/\" target=\"_blank\">75 percent of people\u003c/a> who take the race test show an automatic preference for whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was struck,” he says. “Particularly being in the health professions and wanting to serve diverse communities, to learn that I had these biases, it was a bit disheartening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he began to explore where these biases came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in south Texas, 99 percent Mexican-American. Mostly Latino. In my high school, we had one black student,” he says. “And so up until age 18, you can imagine, a lot of my ideas, a lot of my attitudes, a lot of my beliefs about folks who were black came from what? The media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217759641\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Different from Traditional Diversity Training\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar has the students break up into small groups to discuss their test results. There was a familiar refrain in each circle, no matter if the student was white, Asian, Latino or Middle Eastern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a little surprised,” one student says, about her results on the gender-career test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I was also surprised,” another says, about her results on the age test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman named Amanda explains to her group that her parents made their way to the U.S. from Iran, and settled in Marin County. She took the test that measures bias against Muslims, and another on light and dark skin tone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of went in thinking that these are two areas that I would probably not have a bias, and that's kind of why I chose them,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the results were not what she expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was like, actually, you're biased and you don't like brown people and you don't like Muslims,” she says, “Which is interesting for me because that's kind of the two things that I am.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classes like these are rare. Salazar says only about a dozen medical schools in the country are teaching students about unconscious bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF curriculum is based on a training designed by Howard Ross, founder of a diversity and management consulting firm, Cook Ross. He developed the new unconscious bias approach after realizing the traditional diversity training he was doing in the '80s and '90s \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2012/03/diversity-training-doesnt-work\" target=\"_blank\">didn’t work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who seemed to have transformative responses to those trainings, to have that kind of 'aha' moments, particularly people in the dominant group, whites, men, heterosexuals, often if you talk to them a month or two later, they actually felt quite wounded by the experience and sometimes even a backlash,\" Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study in the \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/dobbin/files/2007_contexts_dobbin_kalev_kelly.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard Business Review \u003c/a>examined diversity training programs at more than 800 companies over 30 years. Turns out, overall, they do nothing to change people's prejudices or improve diversity. In some cases, they actually reinforce bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens is, ultimately, we feel bad about ourselves, or bad about the person that made us feel that way,” Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learning to Recognize and Manage Unconscious Bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So rather than making people feel bad or awkward, Ross and Salazar, more than anything, want people to accept that bias is part of being human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know we all have them,” Salazar tells his class at UCSF. “It’s important to pause for a second and normalize this. And be OK with this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar emphasizes that unconscious bias can’t be eliminated, but it can be managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So how do we address our bias? What do we do?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student says, slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” Salazar responds. “A trick that I use is that I pause before I walk in, take 10 seconds even, 15 seconds, just to try to clear your mind and go in with that clean slate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells students they can also be vigilant about bias in their work. He asks for some examples of how bias might show up in the pharmacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student talks about disparities he’s noticed in refilling pain medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There might be some racial profiling that goes on,” he says, adding that in pharmacies where he’s worked before, some patients are denied refills more than others. “More so that are Hispanic or African-American, versus patients who are Caucasian.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other students talk about biases toward low-income HIV patients, or patients who don’t speak English. Another student says he noticed bias coming from the patients themselves. When he was in high school, he worked as a technician for an older African-American pharmacist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time she would be counseling patients, the patient would look to me for confirmation,” he says. “And she was like, ‘You know what, you’ve got three things going for you: You’re a white male, you wear glasses, people are automatically going to think you’re more intelligent than me. They’re going to continue to look to you for validation of what I say.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early to know if these new trainings on unconscious bias actually have any effect on what goes on in the exam room. Participants fill out evaluation forms after the class, and these anecdotal self-reports are often positive. But there have been no formal studies to measure if anything in patient care has actually changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens when that door closes? What happens in the interaction when I can't see the patient and the doctor talking?” Salazar says. “That's a little hard to capture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But UCSF is betting that it will make a difference. After several key faculty did the unconscious bias training, they began requiring all first-year medical school students to do it. The nursing school has long embraced the concept. And more recently, the pharmacy and dentistry schools have asked Salazar to train their students, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar and other leaders believe the younger generation of health care providers could help shift medicine -– by learning early how to keep their own biases in check.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It's not diversity training. UCSF classes presume everyone holds biases and teach how to recognize and manage them.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two dozen pharmacy residents find seats in this windowless classroom at UC San Francisco. You can tell they’re nervous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like it or not, all of us hold unconscious beliefs about various social and identity groups,” says Dr. Rene Salazar, a professor from the medical school. “A lot of folks come to San Francisco thinking, ‘Oh it’s such an open-minded place, there are no biases here.’ That’s not true. You’re going to see this in every hospital. It’s going to be an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Salazar wants these students to talk about is not other people's biases. But their own. And not just the biases they know they have. But the ones they don’t know –- or don’t believe –- they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many times we think about bias and unconscious bias, they are incompatible with our conscious values, right?” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Before the class, students were asked to take an \u003ca href=\"https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/aboutus.html\" target=\"_blank\">implicit association test\u003c/a>, a series of timed computer tests that measure people’s unconscious attitudes around race, gender, age, weight and other categories. Salazar asks who wants to share their results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students study their fingernails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar lets the silence linger a few seconds before clearing his throat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I can share with you my story,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he took the test for the first time, it showed that he had a preference for whites, or, a bias against African-Americans -- \u003ca href=\"http://spottheblindspot.com/the-book/\" target=\"_blank\">75 percent of people\u003c/a> who take the race test show an automatic preference for whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was struck,” he says. “Particularly being in the health professions and wanting to serve diverse communities, to learn that I had these biases, it was a bit disheartening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he began to explore where these biases came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in south Texas, 99 percent Mexican-American. Mostly Latino. In my high school, we had one black student,” he says. “And so up until age 18, you can imagine, a lot of my ideas, a lot of my attitudes, a lot of my beliefs about folks who were black came from what? The media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217759641&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217759641'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Different from Traditional Diversity Training\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar has the students break up into small groups to discuss their test results. There was a familiar refrain in each circle, no matter if the student was white, Asian, Latino or Middle Eastern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a little surprised,” one student says, about her results on the gender-career test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I was also surprised,” another says, about her results on the age test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman named Amanda explains to her group that her parents made their way to the U.S. from Iran, and settled in Marin County. She took the test that measures bias against Muslims, and another on light and dark skin tone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of went in thinking that these are two areas that I would probably not have a bias, and that's kind of why I chose them,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the results were not what she expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was like, actually, you're biased and you don't like brown people and you don't like Muslims,” she says, “Which is interesting for me because that's kind of the two things that I am.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classes like these are rare. Salazar says only about a dozen medical schools in the country are teaching students about unconscious bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF curriculum is based on a training designed by Howard Ross, founder of a diversity and management consulting firm, Cook Ross. He developed the new unconscious bias approach after realizing the traditional diversity training he was doing in the '80s and '90s \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2012/03/diversity-training-doesnt-work\" target=\"_blank\">didn’t work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who seemed to have transformative responses to those trainings, to have that kind of 'aha' moments, particularly people in the dominant group, whites, men, heterosexuals, often if you talk to them a month or two later, they actually felt quite wounded by the experience and sometimes even a backlash,\" Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study in the \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/dobbin/files/2007_contexts_dobbin_kalev_kelly.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard Business Review \u003c/a>examined diversity training programs at more than 800 companies over 30 years. Turns out, overall, they do nothing to change people's prejudices or improve diversity. In some cases, they actually reinforce bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens is, ultimately, we feel bad about ourselves, or bad about the person that made us feel that way,” Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learning to Recognize and Manage Unconscious Bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So rather than making people feel bad or awkward, Ross and Salazar, more than anything, want people to accept that bias is part of being human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know we all have them,” Salazar tells his class at UCSF. “It’s important to pause for a second and normalize this. And be OK with this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar emphasizes that unconscious bias can’t be eliminated, but it can be managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So how do we address our bias? What do we do?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student says, slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” Salazar responds. “A trick that I use is that I pause before I walk in, take 10 seconds even, 15 seconds, just to try to clear your mind and go in with that clean slate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells students they can also be vigilant about bias in their work. He asks for some examples of how bias might show up in the pharmacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student talks about disparities he’s noticed in refilling pain medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There might be some racial profiling that goes on,” he says, adding that in pharmacies where he’s worked before, some patients are denied refills more than others. “More so that are Hispanic or African-American, versus patients who are Caucasian.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other students talk about biases toward low-income HIV patients, or patients who don’t speak English. Another student says he noticed bias coming from the patients themselves. When he was in high school, he worked as a technician for an older African-American pharmacist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time she would be counseling patients, the patient would look to me for confirmation,” he says. “And she was like, ‘You know what, you’ve got three things going for you: You’re a white male, you wear glasses, people are automatically going to think you’re more intelligent than me. They’re going to continue to look to you for validation of what I say.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early to know if these new trainings on unconscious bias actually have any effect on what goes on in the exam room. Participants fill out evaluation forms after the class, and these anecdotal self-reports are often positive. But there have been no formal studies to measure if anything in patient care has actually changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens when that door closes? What happens in the interaction when I can't see the patient and the doctor talking?” Salazar says. “That's a little hard to capture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But UCSF is betting that it will make a difference. After several key faculty did the unconscious bias training, they began requiring all first-year medical school students to do it. The nursing school has long embraced the concept. And more recently, the pharmacy and dentistry schools have asked Salazar to train their students, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Latinos Aren't Taking the Anti-HIV Pill -- and Why They Should Consider It",
"title": "Why Latinos Aren't Taking the Anti-HIV Pill -- and Why They Should Consider It",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES – Late on a Friday night at The New Jalisco Bar downtown, a drag show featuring dancers dressed in sequined leotards and feathered headdresses had drawn a crowd -- most of them gay Latino men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the bar and out, three health workers chatted with customers, casually asking questions: Do you know about the HIV prevention pill? Would you consider taking it? A few men said they had never heard of it. Others simply said it wasn’t for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hasn’t really hit the Latino community yet,” Jesse Hinostroza, an HIV prevention specialist with AltaMed health clinics, said while sitting at a table with a bowl of condoms and a stack of bilingual pamphlets about the pill. “They aren’t educated about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, New York, Texas and elsewhere, health workers are trying to get more high-risk Latino men to use the drug, Truvada. The medication, which is used for “Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis” or PrEP, was approved by the FDA in 2012 for HIV prevention and has been shown to be more than 90 percent effective when used correctly. But health workers are encountering barriers among many Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them are a lack of knowledge about the drug and the stigma attached to sleeping with men or perceived promiscuity. Many Latinos also have concerns about costs and side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1318px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-55529\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM.png\" alt=\"AltaMed health clinics are conducting HIV prevention outreach at several Latino gay bars in the Los Angeles area. Latinos make up about 21 percent of new infections nationally, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \" width=\"1318\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM.png 1318w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM-400x266.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM-800x533.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM-1180x786.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM-960x640.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1318px) 100vw, 1318px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AltaMed health clinics are conducting HIV prevention outreach at several Latino gay bars in the Los Angeles area. Latinos make up about 21 percent of new infections nationally, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Even for people who have heard about it, that makes them reluctant to use or hesitant to even inquire about it,” said Phillip Schnarrs, assistant professor of health promotion at the University of Texas at San Antonio and research director for the Austin PrEP Access Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schnarrs, who is conducting a study with gay and bisexual Latino men in Texas, said 58 percent of those surveyed see themselves as good candidates for PrEP, compared to 82 percent of non-Hispanic whites, according to preliminary data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ongoing study of 20 Latino gay couples in New York City, 37 of the 40 people had never heard about PrEP when interviewed last year, said Omar Martinez, assistant professor of social work at the Temple University College of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said doctors and health workers need to focus on reaching young minority men at highest risk of getting HIV and transmitting it to others, including those who don’t regularly use condoms. “We need to do something,” he said. “And PrEP may be the solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos are disproportionately affected by HIV. They make up about 21 percent of new infections nationally, though they represented about 17 percent of the population, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Latinos are also more likely than non-Hispanic whites and blacks to get diagnosed later in the course of their illness, raising the risks to their health and the likelihood of transmission to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55530\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1334px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-55530\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM.png\" alt=\"In Los Angeles, health workers are trying to get more high-risk Latino men to use the drug, Truvada. AltaMed Health Services offered free HIV tests at The New Jalisco Bar in downtown LA.\" width=\"1334\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM.png 1334w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM-400x179.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM-800x357.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM-1180x527.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM-960x429.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1334px) 100vw, 1334px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Los Angeles, health workers are trying to get more high-risk Latino men to use the drug, Truvada. AltaMed Health Services offered free HIV tests at The New Jalisco Bar in downtown LA. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Latinos are less likely than non-Hispanic whites to be insured or have a regular doctor, although the Affordable Care Act has helped reduce that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada can cost up to $1,300 a month. Most insurance companies and Medicaid programs are covering at least part of that, and many local governments are also covering the pill for uninsured residents. But the high sticker price can dampen interest among patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada, which blocks the virus from spreading in the body, is helping to significantly reduce new infections, said Robert Grant, a professor at UC San Francisco School of Medicine who leads research on PrEP’s effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the pill does not protect against other sexually transmitted diseases, requires daily use and can cause side effects in some patients, including kidney problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a very valuable option, but it is only one option,” Grant said. “Condoms are still very important part of a sexual health strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As customers at the New Jalisco Bar danced to traditional Mexican music beneath a disco ball and rainbow lights, Jaime Cardenas conducted HIV tests in a mobile unit parked in front. Anyone who tested on the spot received a free drink coupon, courtesy of AltaMed and the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first to agree was Erik Quezada, a counselor at a Los Angeles high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardenas drew a few drops of blood from Erik Quezada’s finger for the rapid test. Within minutes, Cardenas gave him the good news: He didn’t have HIV. Cardenas quickly followed up with information about the HIV prevention pill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One way you can prevent yourself from acquiring HIV is by taking PrEP,” Cardenas said, offering to take down Quezada’s number so the clinic could call him later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quezada, 35, responded that he had heard it was like the birth control pill for gay people. He agreed to be contacted but quickly added, “I don’t know I would ever sign up for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55531\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1328px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-55531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM.png\" alt=\"Erik Quezada, 35, says he has heard Truvada is like the birth-control pill for gay people. Quezada, a counselor at a Los Angeles high school, says he’s not sure he would sign up for it. \" width=\"1328\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM.png 1328w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM-400x265.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM-800x530.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM-1180x782.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM-960x636.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1328px) 100vw, 1328px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erik Quezada, 35, says he has heard Truvada is like the birth-control pill for gay people. Quezada, a counselor at a Los Angeles high school, says he’s not sure he would sign up for it. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others were even less interested. Jose Arriola, 25, a self-described “diva,” said he didn’t want to take any medication. “It’s better to use condoms,” he said, sitting by his boyfriend at the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A short video produced by AltaMed played between acts. The video featured different Latino men getting dressed: a cowboy for a night out, a day laborer for work, a buff young man for the gym. Each took the HIV-prevention pill as part of their routine. At the end of each segment, one word popped up on the screen: listo, or ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are really trying to project the message that taking PrEP can be a normal part of your everyday life,” said Dr. Scott Kim, medical director of HIV Services for AltaMed, which runs more than 40 health clinics in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, he hopes, will reduce stigma. Kim said health workers need to be more creative in places like East Los Angeles, where many gay and bisexual Latinos are still in the closet and aren’t getting information through traditional health-care sources. Talking about PrEP at a doctor’s office may not be as effective as doing so on social media, by text message or in a bar, he said. “There are a lot of social obstacles and challenges we have to negotiate here because it’s harder to be out,” Kim said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AltaMed’s efforts are being paid for by Gilead, the pharmaceutical company that makes Truvada. The goal of its $80,000 grant is to help 100 high-risk gay Latino men throughout Los Angeles County get prescriptions for PrEP. The grant pays for the outreach but does not cover the cost of the medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the project began late last month, about half a dozen patients have received prescriptions. Hinostroza of AltaMed said there is more interest and more knowledge in gay-friendly Hollywood and West Hollywood. “But for East Los Angeles, where we are, it’s a struggle,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louis Arevalo, 27, is a college student and AltaMed patient who lives in Los Angeles. He said he decided to go on the medication last month after getting scared when a condom broke. He said he uses condoms regularly and gets HIV-tested every three months, but the medication is “an extra layer of protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not as anxious anymore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Arevalo said he understands the stigma that might prevent others from taking the drug. For years, he said, he has hidden his boyfriends from his mother, an immigrant from El Salvador. Arevalo said her church pastor repeatedly has said that homosexuality is a sin. “It’s just part of the culture, and it’s the religion,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55532\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-55532\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM.png\" alt=\"Louis Arevalo, 27, says he decided to go on the medication last month after getting scared when a condom broke. The college student from Los Angeles says he uses the pill as an extra layer of protection. \" width=\"1324\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM.png 1324w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM-400x265.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM-1180x783.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM-960x637.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1324px) 100vw, 1324px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Louis Arevalo, 27, says he decided to go on the medication last month after getting scared when a condom broke. The college student from Los Angeles says he uses the pill as an extra layer of protection. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>AltaMed’s efforts are just one part of a larger effort to get the word out about Truvada. The nonprofit Latino Commission on AIDS, based in New York, also recently started a campaign in five cities —- Long Beach, Calif.; New York City; Chicago; Miami; and San Juan, Puerto Rico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gustavo Morales, the commission’s director of access to care services, said now is the time to educate people about PrEP -— lest too many people form negative opinions about it and health workers become “like salmon swimming against the current.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales said patients aren’t the only ones who need more information. When he decided to go on PrEP late last year, he went to two different doctors who didn’t know about Truvada. A third asked him why he wanted to poison himself. Finally, he got a prescription from an HIV specialist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was definitely disappointed,” said Morales. “There is a lot of work that still has to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Truvada for HIV prevention is more than 90 percent effective, but health workers face lack of knowledge and stigma attached to sleeping with men as barriers among Latinos.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES – Late on a Friday night at The New Jalisco Bar downtown, a drag show featuring dancers dressed in sequined leotards and feathered headdresses had drawn a crowd -- most of them gay Latino men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the bar and out, three health workers chatted with customers, casually asking questions: Do you know about the HIV prevention pill? Would you consider taking it? A few men said they had never heard of it. Others simply said it wasn’t for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hasn’t really hit the Latino community yet,” Jesse Hinostroza, an HIV prevention specialist with AltaMed health clinics, said while sitting at a table with a bowl of condoms and a stack of bilingual pamphlets about the pill. “They aren’t educated about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, New York, Texas and elsewhere, health workers are trying to get more high-risk Latino men to use the drug, Truvada. The medication, which is used for “Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis” or PrEP, was approved by the FDA in 2012 for HIV prevention and has been shown to be more than 90 percent effective when used correctly. But health workers are encountering barriers among many Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them are a lack of knowledge about the drug and the stigma attached to sleeping with men or perceived promiscuity. Many Latinos also have concerns about costs and side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1318px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-55529\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM.png\" alt=\"AltaMed health clinics are conducting HIV prevention outreach at several Latino gay bars in the Los Angeles area. Latinos make up about 21 percent of new infections nationally, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \" width=\"1318\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM.png 1318w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM-400x266.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM-800x533.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM-1180x786.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.40.15-PM-960x640.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1318px) 100vw, 1318px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AltaMed health clinics are conducting HIV prevention outreach at several Latino gay bars in the Los Angeles area. Latinos make up about 21 percent of new infections nationally, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Even for people who have heard about it, that makes them reluctant to use or hesitant to even inquire about it,” said Phillip Schnarrs, assistant professor of health promotion at the University of Texas at San Antonio and research director for the Austin PrEP Access Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schnarrs, who is conducting a study with gay and bisexual Latino men in Texas, said 58 percent of those surveyed see themselves as good candidates for PrEP, compared to 82 percent of non-Hispanic whites, according to preliminary data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ongoing study of 20 Latino gay couples in New York City, 37 of the 40 people had never heard about PrEP when interviewed last year, said Omar Martinez, assistant professor of social work at the Temple University College of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said doctors and health workers need to focus on reaching young minority men at highest risk of getting HIV and transmitting it to others, including those who don’t regularly use condoms. “We need to do something,” he said. “And PrEP may be the solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos are disproportionately affected by HIV. They make up about 21 percent of new infections nationally, though they represented about 17 percent of the population, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Latinos are also more likely than non-Hispanic whites and blacks to get diagnosed later in the course of their illness, raising the risks to their health and the likelihood of transmission to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55530\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1334px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-55530\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM.png\" alt=\"In Los Angeles, health workers are trying to get more high-risk Latino men to use the drug, Truvada. AltaMed Health Services offered free HIV tests at The New Jalisco Bar in downtown LA.\" width=\"1334\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM.png 1334w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM-400x179.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM-800x357.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM-1180x527.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.41.51-PM-960x429.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1334px) 100vw, 1334px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Los Angeles, health workers are trying to get more high-risk Latino men to use the drug, Truvada. AltaMed Health Services offered free HIV tests at The New Jalisco Bar in downtown LA. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Latinos are less likely than non-Hispanic whites to be insured or have a regular doctor, although the Affordable Care Act has helped reduce that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada can cost up to $1,300 a month. Most insurance companies and Medicaid programs are covering at least part of that, and many local governments are also covering the pill for uninsured residents. But the high sticker price can dampen interest among patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada, which blocks the virus from spreading in the body, is helping to significantly reduce new infections, said Robert Grant, a professor at UC San Francisco School of Medicine who leads research on PrEP’s effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the pill does not protect against other sexually transmitted diseases, requires daily use and can cause side effects in some patients, including kidney problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a very valuable option, but it is only one option,” Grant said. “Condoms are still very important part of a sexual health strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As customers at the New Jalisco Bar danced to traditional Mexican music beneath a disco ball and rainbow lights, Jaime Cardenas conducted HIV tests in a mobile unit parked in front. Anyone who tested on the spot received a free drink coupon, courtesy of AltaMed and the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first to agree was Erik Quezada, a counselor at a Los Angeles high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardenas drew a few drops of blood from Erik Quezada’s finger for the rapid test. Within minutes, Cardenas gave him the good news: He didn’t have HIV. Cardenas quickly followed up with information about the HIV prevention pill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One way you can prevent yourself from acquiring HIV is by taking PrEP,” Cardenas said, offering to take down Quezada’s number so the clinic could call him later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quezada, 35, responded that he had heard it was like the birth control pill for gay people. He agreed to be contacted but quickly added, “I don’t know I would ever sign up for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55531\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1328px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-55531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM.png\" alt=\"Erik Quezada, 35, says he has heard Truvada is like the birth-control pill for gay people. Quezada, a counselor at a Los Angeles high school, says he’s not sure he would sign up for it. \" width=\"1328\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM.png 1328w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM-400x265.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM-800x530.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM-1180x782.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.04-PM-960x636.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1328px) 100vw, 1328px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erik Quezada, 35, says he has heard Truvada is like the birth-control pill for gay people. Quezada, a counselor at a Los Angeles high school, says he’s not sure he would sign up for it. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others were even less interested. Jose Arriola, 25, a self-described “diva,” said he didn’t want to take any medication. “It’s better to use condoms,” he said, sitting by his boyfriend at the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A short video produced by AltaMed played between acts. The video featured different Latino men getting dressed: a cowboy for a night out, a day laborer for work, a buff young man for the gym. Each took the HIV-prevention pill as part of their routine. At the end of each segment, one word popped up on the screen: listo, or ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are really trying to project the message that taking PrEP can be a normal part of your everyday life,” said Dr. Scott Kim, medical director of HIV Services for AltaMed, which runs more than 40 health clinics in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, he hopes, will reduce stigma. Kim said health workers need to be more creative in places like East Los Angeles, where many gay and bisexual Latinos are still in the closet and aren’t getting information through traditional health-care sources. Talking about PrEP at a doctor’s office may not be as effective as doing so on social media, by text message or in a bar, he said. “There are a lot of social obstacles and challenges we have to negotiate here because it’s harder to be out,” Kim said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AltaMed’s efforts are being paid for by Gilead, the pharmaceutical company that makes Truvada. The goal of its $80,000 grant is to help 100 high-risk gay Latino men throughout Los Angeles County get prescriptions for PrEP. The grant pays for the outreach but does not cover the cost of the medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the project began late last month, about half a dozen patients have received prescriptions. Hinostroza of AltaMed said there is more interest and more knowledge in gay-friendly Hollywood and West Hollywood. “But for East Los Angeles, where we are, it’s a struggle,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louis Arevalo, 27, is a college student and AltaMed patient who lives in Los Angeles. He said he decided to go on the medication last month after getting scared when a condom broke. He said he uses condoms regularly and gets HIV-tested every three months, but the medication is “an extra layer of protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not as anxious anymore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Arevalo said he understands the stigma that might prevent others from taking the drug. For years, he said, he has hidden his boyfriends from his mother, an immigrant from El Salvador. Arevalo said her church pastor repeatedly has said that homosexuality is a sin. “It’s just part of the culture, and it’s the religion,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55532\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-55532\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM.png\" alt=\"Louis Arevalo, 27, says he decided to go on the medication last month after getting scared when a condom broke. The college student from Los Angeles says he uses the pill as an extra layer of protection. \" width=\"1324\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM.png 1324w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM-400x265.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM-1180x783.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-01-at-9.42.17-PM-960x637.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1324px) 100vw, 1324px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Louis Arevalo, 27, says he decided to go on the medication last month after getting scared when a condom broke. The college student from Los Angeles says he uses the pill as an extra layer of protection. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>AltaMed’s efforts are just one part of a larger effort to get the word out about Truvada. The nonprofit Latino Commission on AIDS, based in New York, also recently started a campaign in five cities —- Long Beach, Calif.; New York City; Chicago; Miami; and San Juan, Puerto Rico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gustavo Morales, the commission’s director of access to care services, said now is the time to educate people about PrEP -— lest too many people form negative opinions about it and health workers become “like salmon swimming against the current.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales said patients aren’t the only ones who need more information. When he decided to go on PrEP late last year, he went to two different doctors who didn’t know about Truvada. A third asked him why he wanted to poison himself. Finally, he got a prescription from an HIV specialist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was definitely disappointed,” said Morales. “There is a lot of work that still has to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a development that could change the way the deadly Ebola disease is fought, researchers have announced promising results of a new vaccine's trial in Guinea, one of several countries affected by a historic outbreak in West Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The estimated vaccine efficacy was 100 percent,\" a team of researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial was called \u003cem>Ebola ça Suffit\u003c/em> — French for \"Ebola that's enough.\" Funded by the World Health Organization and other groups, it started in April and ended on July 20, relying on 7,651 participants who consented to be part of the trial. The more than 20 researchers who took part published their findings \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet/pdfs/S0140673615611175.pdf\">in The Lancet medical journal\u003c/a> on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The current data basically tells us that the vaccine works to protect people against Ebola,\" says Dr. Bertrand Draguez, medical director of Médecins Sans Frontières, \u003ca href=\"http://www.msf.org/article/ebola-getting-closer-ebola-vaccine\">which took part in the research\u003c/a> along with WHO and authorities in Guinea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Draguez and other experts are heartened by the new results — but they also warn that as testing expands, the effectiveness rate of the vaccine will likely fall below 100 percent. The trial used the \"ring vaccination\" method, in which all suspected contacts receive treatment. No placebos were administered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if the sample size is quite small and more research and analysis is needed,\" Draguez says, \"the enormity of the public health emergency should lead us to continue using this vaccine right now to protect those who might get exposed to the disease: contacts of infected patients and front-line workers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial vaccine, formally called rVSV-ZEBOV but more commonly known as VSV-EBOV, was supplied by the pharmaceutical firm Merck Sharp & Dohme. The drug was initially developed by Canada's Public Health Agency and was tested \u003ca href=\"http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_3/S1066.full\">as early as 2011\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conduct the Guinea trial, researchers used newly confirmed Ebola cases to identify clusters of people with whom the patients had contact. On a random basis, those clusters then received the vaccine either immediately or after a 21-day delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the immediate vaccination group, there were no cases of Ebola virus disease with symptom onset at least 10 days after randomization,\" the researchers say, \"whereas in the delayed vaccination group there were 16 cases of Ebola virus disease from seven clusters, showing a vaccine efficacy of 100 percent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say that for both groups — those who got the vaccine immediately and those who received it after a delay — no new Ebola cases were diagnosed starting at six days after vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The randomization phase of the trial was stopped this week, WHO says, \"to allow for all people at risk to receive the vaccine immediately.\" It will also now include younger people than the adults involved in the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first person to receive the trial vaccine in Guinea was Mohamed Soumah, 27. \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/features/2015/guinea-ebola-vaccine/en/\">He tells WHO\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It wasn't easy. People in the village said that the injection was to kill me. I was afraid. I was the first one to be injected, the very first, here in my village on 23 March 2015. I've been monitored for 3 months and I've had no problems. The last follow-up, 84 days after the vaccination, was all clear.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The vaccine is administered via a shot to the upper arm. The researchers who ran the trial say their results suggest a single injection is highly effective, and that protection against Ebola can be established quickly. They're also still analyzing possible adverse reactions to the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interim findings on the Guinea trial are the latest to bolster the belief that VSV-EBOV could be the drug Ebola-fighters have been waiting for. Earlier this year, it showed positive results in clinical trials at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wrair-www.army.mil/Documents/NEJM%20Press%20Release%20Ebola%20Vaccine%20Trial%201%20Apr%2015.pdf\">A Walter Reed release\u003c/a> about that study explained how the drug is derived:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"VSV-EBOV is based in part on a genetically engineered version of vesicular stomatitis virus, which primarily affects rodents, cattle, swine and horses. Human VSV infections are rare and mild. In the VSV-EBOV investigational vaccine, the gene for the outer protein of VSV replaces the same gene segment of the Zaire Ebola virus species.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in the Guinea trial say the number of new clusters of potential patients is falling, because the rate of new diagnoses in the country has dropped. The next immediate step, they say, is to continue the trial and vaccinate more people. Last Friday, Guinea's government and medical ethics groups approved that plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Ebola+Vaccine+Has+%27100+Percent%27+Effectiveness+In+Early+Results&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a development that could change the way the deadly Ebola disease is fought, researchers have announced promising results of a new vaccine's trial in Guinea, one of several countries affected by a historic outbreak in West Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The estimated vaccine efficacy was 100 percent,\" a team of researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial was called \u003cem>Ebola ça Suffit\u003c/em> — French for \"Ebola that's enough.\" Funded by the World Health Organization and other groups, it started in April and ended on July 20, relying on 7,651 participants who consented to be part of the trial. The more than 20 researchers who took part published their findings \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet/pdfs/S0140673615611175.pdf\">in The Lancet medical journal\u003c/a> on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The current data basically tells us that the vaccine works to protect people against Ebola,\" says Dr. Bertrand Draguez, medical director of Médecins Sans Frontières, \u003ca href=\"http://www.msf.org/article/ebola-getting-closer-ebola-vaccine\">which took part in the research\u003c/a> along with WHO and authorities in Guinea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Draguez and other experts are heartened by the new results — but they also warn that as testing expands, the effectiveness rate of the vaccine will likely fall below 100 percent. The trial used the \"ring vaccination\" method, in which all suspected contacts receive treatment. No placebos were administered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if the sample size is quite small and more research and analysis is needed,\" Draguez says, \"the enormity of the public health emergency should lead us to continue using this vaccine right now to protect those who might get exposed to the disease: contacts of infected patients and front-line workers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial vaccine, formally called rVSV-ZEBOV but more commonly known as VSV-EBOV, was supplied by the pharmaceutical firm Merck Sharp & Dohme. The drug was initially developed by Canada's Public Health Agency and was tested \u003ca href=\"http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/suppl_3/S1066.full\">as early as 2011\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conduct the Guinea trial, researchers used newly confirmed Ebola cases to identify clusters of people with whom the patients had contact. On a random basis, those clusters then received the vaccine either immediately or after a 21-day delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the immediate vaccination group, there were no cases of Ebola virus disease with symptom onset at least 10 days after randomization,\" the researchers say, \"whereas in the delayed vaccination group there were 16 cases of Ebola virus disease from seven clusters, showing a vaccine efficacy of 100 percent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say that for both groups — those who got the vaccine immediately and those who received it after a delay — no new Ebola cases were diagnosed starting at six days after vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The randomization phase of the trial was stopped this week, WHO says, \"to allow for all people at risk to receive the vaccine immediately.\" It will also now include younger people than the adults involved in the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first person to receive the trial vaccine in Guinea was Mohamed Soumah, 27. \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/features/2015/guinea-ebola-vaccine/en/\">He tells WHO\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It wasn't easy. People in the village said that the injection was to kill me. I was afraid. I was the first one to be injected, the very first, here in my village on 23 March 2015. I've been monitored for 3 months and I've had no problems. The last follow-up, 84 days after the vaccination, was all clear.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The vaccine is administered via a shot to the upper arm. The researchers who ran the trial say their results suggest a single injection is highly effective, and that protection against Ebola can be established quickly. They're also still analyzing possible adverse reactions to the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interim findings on the Guinea trial are the latest to bolster the belief that VSV-EBOV could be the drug Ebola-fighters have been waiting for. Earlier this year, it showed positive results in clinical trials at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wrair-www.army.mil/Documents/NEJM%20Press%20Release%20Ebola%20Vaccine%20Trial%201%20Apr%2015.pdf\">A Walter Reed release\u003c/a> about that study explained how the drug is derived:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"VSV-EBOV is based in part on a genetically engineered version of vesicular stomatitis virus, which primarily affects rodents, cattle, swine and horses. Human VSV infections are rare and mild. In the VSV-EBOV investigational vaccine, the gene for the outer protein of VSV replaces the same gene segment of the Zaire Ebola virus species.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in the Guinea trial say the number of new clusters of potential patients is falling, because the rate of new diagnoses in the country has dropped. The next immediate step, they say, is to continue the trial and vaccinate more people. Last Friday, Guinea's government and medical ethics groups approved that plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Ebola+Vaccine+Has+%27100+Percent%27+Effectiveness+In+Early+Results&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The board of the Alameda Health System is expected to meet Tuesday to discuss the controversial planned closure in Oakland of Highland Hospital's \u003ca href=\"http://www.highlandahs.org/our-services/specialty-services/substance-abuse\" target=\"_blank\">substance abuse program\u003c/a>. The day care program is tailored toward pregnant women and new mothers up to 60 days after their babies are born, and an outpatient program offers services to both men and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program, which had been in operation more than 20 years, is slated to close this week due to financial problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jerri Randrup, spokeswoman for the board, said in a statement that the county's public health system has had two very difficult fiscal years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the board moved to close the center by the end of the month because of low patient volume. The program only served about half the 120 people they were contracted for this year. Money saved from the program's closure will be redirected into other community programs that offer similar services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEIU Local 1021 held a rally Monday in front of the hospital, to protest the closure. The union represents many health care workers and other staff at hospitals throughout Northern California, including Highland Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lenora Beers, a social worker with the substance abuse program, says its wide range of services are unique in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have other programs,\" says Beers, \"but they don't have the child care, they're not as family centered as we are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocate Jesse Brooks says the outpatient center is a one-stop shop that offers child care, meals and doctors visits to patients, and it helped him nine years ago. He says back then, he was an HIV-positive ex-con struggling with a crack addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the time, I had tried two attempts at recovery, and I knew I needed to get away from the area I grew (up) in, which was North Oakland,\" says Brooks. \"I asked to be sent to the Highland Hospital program. That day really changed my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Alameda County Board of Supervisors is getting involved. Supervisor Richard Valle says he'll ask the board on Tuesday to require public comment before allowing the center to close.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The board of the Alameda Health System is expected to meet Tuesday to discuss the controversial planned closure in Oakland of Highland Hospital's \u003ca href=\"http://www.highlandahs.org/our-services/specialty-services/substance-abuse\" target=\"_blank\">substance abuse program\u003c/a>. The day care program is tailored toward pregnant women and new mothers up to 60 days after their babies are born, and an outpatient program offers services to both men and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program, which had been in operation more than 20 years, is slated to close this week due to financial problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jerri Randrup, spokeswoman for the board, said in a statement that the county's public health system has had two very difficult fiscal years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the board moved to close the center by the end of the month because of low patient volume. The program only served about half the 120 people they were contracted for this year. Money saved from the program's closure will be redirected into other community programs that offer similar services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEIU Local 1021 held a rally Monday in front of the hospital, to protest the closure. The union represents many health care workers and other staff at hospitals throughout Northern California, including Highland Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lenora Beers, a social worker with the substance abuse program, says its wide range of services are unique in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have other programs,\" says Beers, \"but they don't have the child care, they're not as family centered as we are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocate Jesse Brooks says the outpatient center is a one-stop shop that offers child care, meals and doctors visits to patients, and it helped him nine years ago. He says back then, he was an HIV-positive ex-con struggling with a crack addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the time, I had tried two attempts at recovery, and I knew I needed to get away from the area I grew (up) in, which was North Oakland,\" says Brooks. \"I asked to be sent to the Highland Hospital program. That day really changed my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Alameda County Board of Supervisors is getting involved. Supervisor Richard Valle says he'll ask the board on Tuesday to require public comment before allowing the center to close.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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