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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/01/can-facebook-likes-tell-you-something-about-hospital-quality/screen-shot-2013-03-01-at-11-32-49-am/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10895\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10895\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/03/Screen-Shot-2013-03-01-at-11.32.49-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"149\" height=\"127\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clicking that thumbs-up “like” button on Facebook is moving beyond cute baby photos and hip new restaurants in town. Now hospitals are joining the mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent article published in the \u003ca href=\"http://intl-ajm.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/01/31/1062860612474839.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">American Journal of Medical Quality\u003c/a> says positive endorsements on Facebook could actually mean something about hospital quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers looked at two measures: 30-day mortality rates and patient satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Hospitals with higher patient death rates got fewer “likes.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study found that hospitals with higher patient death rates got fewer “likes.” It also found that people who “like” a hospital on Facebook are more likely to recommend it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.sph.harvard.edu/ashish-jha/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Ashish Jha\u003c/a>, a professor of health policy at the Harvard School of Public Health, says these findings make sense. But he cautions that the study of how accurately social media trends reflect hospital quality is in the early days.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he says the data are still evolving Facebook users could be on to something. Jha says many people are using social media to chronicle almost every part of their lives, including hospital stays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a hospital is feeding patients badly it’s going to spread much faster than in the pre-Facebook age or pre-Twitter age,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That goes for medical errors, long wait times or hospital-acquired infections, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jha also points out that you know the people in your Facebook news feed and are more likely to trust what they’re reporting. “In a big picture way if you start seeing ratings from a local hospital and all of your friends have had a terrible experience, that will influence you,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of instant and widespread positive or negative ratings on social media could be a game changer, “pushing the health care industry to be more accountable,” Jha says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course there are several limitations when using Facebook to evaluate a hospital, he adds. The sample size could be too small and easily skew the results or hospital staff or hired marketing guns could be inflating the number of “likes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jha says as more people start using social media to talk about hospital quality, those problems will level out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Dr. Jha thinks this will change the face of health care, he says many other doctors dismiss it as nonsense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is deep skepticism about everything I’ve said,” Jha says. “There is still a strong belief by those in the medical community that patient satisfaction can’t really measure quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And maybe that’s why many hospitals have yet to embrace social networking. In the New York area where the study was done, only about half of the hospitals had a Facebook page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more pages are cropping up. One interesting effort is under way through the investigative news group \u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/introducing-the-propublica-patient-harm-community-on-facebook\" target=\"_blank\">ProPublica\u003c/a>. It’s running a \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/groups/patientharm/members/\" target=\"_blank\">Patient Harm Community\u003c/a> Facebook page with more than 1,500 members sharing their experiences about medical mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.sph.harvard.edu/ashish-jha/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Ashish Jha\u003c/a>, a professor of health policy at the Harvard School of Public Health, says these findings make sense. But he cautions that the study of how accurately social media trends reflect hospital quality is in the early days.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he says the data are still evolving Facebook users could be on to something. Jha says many people are using social media to chronicle almost every part of their lives, including hospital stays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a hospital is feeding patients badly it’s going to spread much faster than in the pre-Facebook age or pre-Twitter age,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That goes for medical errors, long wait times or hospital-acquired infections, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jha also points out that you know the people in your Facebook news feed and are more likely to trust what they’re reporting. “In a big picture way if you start seeing ratings from a local hospital and all of your friends have had a terrible experience, that will influence you,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of instant and widespread positive or negative ratings on social media could be a game changer, “pushing the health care industry to be more accountable,” Jha says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course there are several limitations when using Facebook to evaluate a hospital, he adds. The sample size could be too small and easily skew the results or hospital staff or hired marketing guns could be inflating the number of “likes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jha says as more people start using social media to talk about hospital quality, those problems will level out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Dr. Jha thinks this will change the face of health care, he says many other doctors dismiss it as nonsense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is deep skepticism about everything I’ve said,” Jha says. “There is still a strong belief by those in the medical community that patient satisfaction can’t really measure quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And maybe that’s why many hospitals have yet to embrace social networking. In the New York area where the study was done, only about half of the hospitals had a Facebook page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more pages are cropping up. One interesting effort is under way through the investigative news group \u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/introducing-the-propublica-patient-harm-community-on-facebook\" target=\"_blank\">ProPublica\u003c/a>. It’s running a \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/groups/patientharm/members/\" target=\"_blank\">Patient Harm Community\u003c/a> Facebook page with more than 1,500 members sharing their experiences about medical mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Study: Sugar -- Independent of Obesity -- Causes Diabetes",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/28/study-its-the-sugar-not-obesity-that-causes-diabetes/sugarbowl_judy_flickr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10839\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-10839\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/SugarBowl_Judy_Flickr-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"SugarBowl_Judy_Flickr\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>For years, doctors have debated sugar's role in causing diabetes. The prevailing medical opinion has been that eating more sugar means eating more calories, and it's the resulting weight gain that leads to diabetes. But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0057873\" target=\"_blank\">major new study\u003c/a> shows a direct link between sugar and diabetes -- a link that's independent of a person's weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Stephanie Martin interviewed one of the study's authors, Dr. Robert Lustig from UCSF. Lustig is an expert on childhood obesity and has been vocal about the health hazards of sugar for years. His video \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnniua6-oM\" target=\"_blank\">Sugar: The Bitter Truth\u003c/a>\" has more than three million views on YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This is the same level of proof that was available to us when we implicated cigarettes as the cause of lung cancer back in the 1960′s.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lustig told Martin that the study was very carefully done -- researchers looked at sugar consumption in 175 countries over a decade and controlled for just about everything including obesity, poverty, and physical activity. They found that the more sugar in the food supply, the higher the rates of diabetes in that country, no matter what the obesity rates were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, sugar was 11 times stronger than total calories in explaining diabetes rates around the world. \"Those countries where sugar went up showed increases in [diabetes] rates. Those countries where sugar availability went down, showed decreases in rate.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lustig said their findings point to proof of causation that should be accepted by doctors. \"This is the same level of proof that was available to us when we implicated cigarettes as the cause of lung cancer back in the 1960's,\" he told Martin. He believes the findings are sufficiently strong to lead to policy interventions around sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lustig has long suspected sugar as a major driver of diabetes. He pointed out that diabetes afflicts people across the weight spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty percent of obese people have completely normal metabolic signatures,\" Lustig told Martin. \"Conversely, up to 40 percent of normal weight people have the exact same metabolic problems that the obese do; they are just not obese. The obesity is a marker for the metabolic problems which we call metabolic syndrome, rather than a cause.\" He cautioned that people who are normal weight, but eat a lot of sugar, could be sick and not know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was not designed to address whether the type of sugar mattered -- for example, table sugar versus high fructose corn syrup. Lustig said that in the study researchers looked at all sugars collectively, not individually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At present, sugar is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedasSafeGRAS/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Generally Regarded As Safe\u003c/a>.\" Lustig believes the FDA should re-evaluate whether sugar should stay on that list. He has previously \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/02/01/sugar-a-sweetener-gone-sour/\" target=\"_blank\">called for sugar to be regulated\u003c/a> in the same way alcohol is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marion Nestle, professor of nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University was not affiliated with the study, but in a release she praised the research saying it was the first paper she knew of to link sugar consumption to diabetes. She said the study adds to a body of research that is sufficient to \"advise people to keep their sugar a lot lower than it normally is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his medical practice, Lustig says he sees adolescents with Type 2 diabetes. He asserts that one-fourth of U.S. adolescents consume at least 840 calories a day in sugar, more than 40 percent of a daily diet of 2,000 calories. \"The question is,\" he asked rhetorically, \"what does that do to you? What does that do to your liver? What does that do to your pancreas?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn More\u003c/strong>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/28/173170149/sugars-role-in-rise-of-diabetes-gets-clearer?ft=1&f=1128&sc=tw\" target=\"_blank\">Sugar's Role in Rise of Diabetes Gets Clearer\u003c/a> (NPR)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/28/study-its-the-sugar-not-obesity-that-causes-diabetes/sugarbowl_judy_flickr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10839\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-10839\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/SugarBowl_Judy_Flickr-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"SugarBowl_Judy_Flickr\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>For years, doctors have debated sugar's role in causing diabetes. The prevailing medical opinion has been that eating more sugar means eating more calories, and it's the resulting weight gain that leads to diabetes. But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0057873\" target=\"_blank\">major new study\u003c/a> shows a direct link between sugar and diabetes -- a link that's independent of a person's weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Stephanie Martin interviewed one of the study's authors, Dr. Robert Lustig from UCSF. Lustig is an expert on childhood obesity and has been vocal about the health hazards of sugar for years. His video \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnniua6-oM\" target=\"_blank\">Sugar: The Bitter Truth\u003c/a>\" has more than three million views on YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This is the same level of proof that was available to us when we implicated cigarettes as the cause of lung cancer back in the 1960′s.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lustig told Martin that the study was very carefully done -- researchers looked at sugar consumption in 175 countries over a decade and controlled for just about everything including obesity, poverty, and physical activity. They found that the more sugar in the food supply, the higher the rates of diabetes in that country, no matter what the obesity rates were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, sugar was 11 times stronger than total calories in explaining diabetes rates around the world. \"Those countries where sugar went up showed increases in [diabetes] rates. Those countries where sugar availability went down, showed decreases in rate.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lustig said their findings point to proof of causation that should be accepted by doctors. \"This is the same level of proof that was available to us when we implicated cigarettes as the cause of lung cancer back in the 1960's,\" he told Martin. He believes the findings are sufficiently strong to lead to policy interventions around sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lustig has long suspected sugar as a major driver of diabetes. He pointed out that diabetes afflicts people across the weight spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty percent of obese people have completely normal metabolic signatures,\" Lustig told Martin. \"Conversely, up to 40 percent of normal weight people have the exact same metabolic problems that the obese do; they are just not obese. The obesity is a marker for the metabolic problems which we call metabolic syndrome, rather than a cause.\" He cautioned that people who are normal weight, but eat a lot of sugar, could be sick and not know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was not designed to address whether the type of sugar mattered -- for example, table sugar versus high fructose corn syrup. Lustig said that in the study researchers looked at all sugars collectively, not individually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At present, sugar is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedasSafeGRAS/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Generally Regarded As Safe\u003c/a>.\" Lustig believes the FDA should re-evaluate whether sugar should stay on that list. He has previously \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/02/01/sugar-a-sweetener-gone-sour/\" target=\"_blank\">called for sugar to be regulated\u003c/a> in the same way alcohol is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marion Nestle, professor of nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University was not affiliated with the study, but in a release she praised the research saying it was the first paper she knew of to link sugar consumption to diabetes. She said the study adds to a body of research that is sufficient to \"advise people to keep their sugar a lot lower than it normally is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his medical practice, Lustig says he sees adolescents with Type 2 diabetes. He asserts that one-fourth of U.S. adolescents consume at least 840 calories a day in sugar, more than 40 percent of a daily diet of 2,000 calories. \"The question is,\" he asked rhetorically, \"what does that do to you? What does that do to your liver? What does that do to your pancreas?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn More\u003c/strong>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/28/173170149/sugars-role-in-rise-of-diabetes-gets-clearer?ft=1&f=1128&sc=tw\" target=\"_blank\">Sugar's Role in Rise of Diabetes Gets Clearer\u003c/a> (NPR)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Video: Anti-Tobacco Advocate Debi Austin, Appeared in 'Voicebox' Commercial, Dies at 62",
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"content": "\u003cp>I remembered the commercial instantly:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/wAaGbsHBacE\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debi Austin appeared in the ad in 1996. In a raspy voice, she described starting smoking at age 13. Then declaring, \"They say nicotine isn't addictive,\" she took a drag from her cigarette through a stoma, a hole in her throat which permitted her to breathe. \"How can they say that?\" she concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, she worked to keep kids from smoking. She died last week after fighting various cancers for more than 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a release from the California Department of Public Health:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are saddened by Debi’s death. She exemplified the real toll tobacco takes on a person’s body,” said CDPH Director and State Public Health Officer Dr. Ron Chapman. “Debi was a pioneer in the fight against tobacco and showed tremendous courage by sharing her story to educate Californians on the dangers of smoking. She was an inspiration for Californians to quit smoking and also influenced countless others not to start. We trust she will continue to touch those that hear her story, particularly teens and young adults. She will be greatly missed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://tobaccofreeca.com/ads/videos/?src=Debi\" target=\"_blank\">Tobacco Free California\u003c/a> says this about Austin on its website (where you can also watch a video about her):\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Debi Austin started smoking at the age of 13. She continued to smoke through a stoma in her throat even after being diagnosed with cancer and having her larynx removed at the age of 42. But, Debi fought back. She starred in an iconic television ad for the California Tobacco Control Program, quit smoking and has made anti-tobacco education not only her mission in life, but her passion.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I remembered the commercial instantly:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/wAaGbsHBacE\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debi Austin appeared in the ad in 1996. In a raspy voice, she described starting smoking at age 13. Then declaring, \"They say nicotine isn't addictive,\" she took a drag from her cigarette through a stoma, a hole in her throat which permitted her to breathe. \"How can they say that?\" she concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, she worked to keep kids from smoking. She died last week after fighting various cancers for more than 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a release from the California Department of Public Health:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are saddened by Debi’s death. She exemplified the real toll tobacco takes on a person’s body,” said CDPH Director and State Public Health Officer Dr. Ron Chapman. “Debi was a pioneer in the fight against tobacco and showed tremendous courage by sharing her story to educate Californians on the dangers of smoking. She was an inspiration for Californians to quit smoking and also influenced countless others not to start. We trust she will continue to touch those that hear her story, particularly teens and young adults. She will be greatly missed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://tobaccofreeca.com/ads/videos/?src=Debi\" target=\"_blank\">Tobacco Free California\u003c/a> says this about Austin on its website (where you can also watch a video about her):\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Debi Austin started smoking at the age of 13. She continued to smoke through a stoma in her throat even after being diagnosed with cancer and having her larynx removed at the age of 42. But, Debi fought back. She starred in an iconic television ad for the California Tobacco Control Program, quit smoking and has made anti-tobacco education not only her mission in life, but her passion.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rethinking Unprotected Sex for HIV-Positive Men ",
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"content": "\u003cp>By Mina Kim\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10613\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/14/permission-to-forego-condoms-for-hiv-men-wanting-children/minasphoto/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10613\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10613\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/MinasPhoto-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Deon Brimmer, 32, is HIV positive and expecting a daughter. He’s being treated by a new San Francisco program that helps men with HIV safely realize their dreams of being dads. (Photo: Ryan Anson)\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deon, 32, is HIV positive and expecting a daughter. He’s being treated at a new San Francisco program that helps men with HIV safely realize their dreams of being dads. (Photo: Ryan Anson)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The public health message around unprotected sex for those with HIV has always been the same: Don’t do it. Even with huge strides in medical science that’s changed HIV from a death sentence to a chronic but manageable disease, that directive has not changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a new program based in San Francisco is challenging this long-held campaign, and helping HIV-positive men have babies -- the conventional way. The program run by San Francisco General Hospital, called PRO Men, teaches men about a range of reproductive options, from adoption to in vitro fertilization -- where an egg is fertilized in a lab dish -- to carefully timed intercourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say as an HIV provider community, we have really failed these men,” says UCSF professor Deborah Cohan, who runs the hospital's \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfghf.net/programs/bapac.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Perinatal AIDS Center\u003c/a> or BAPAC. “We really have not created programs to help them realize those goals and do so safely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It is one of the last big remaining hurdles that I think many heterosexual men and women have to what they would consider living a normal, ordinary life.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the discovery of drugs to treat the virus, Cohan said people with HIV are living long, healthy lives. And for those who want to start families, having “safe” sex, Cohan said, can mean foregoing condoms when a female partner is ovulating. Women can also take HIV drugs, which some studies show can protect against the virus. (BAPAC has helped HIV-positive women who adhere to their medications have healthy babies for years.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that if the person who is positive takes antiretrovirals and their viral load is suppressed, meaning the medication is working at killing all the HIV in the blood, that the likelihood of them passing HIV to a sexual partner is essentially zero,” Cohan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially zero” but not absolutely zero, Cohan says, because there’s some concern the virus can be in genital fluid even when it’s not detected in blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this concern, couples are forging ahead with their family plans. Deon, 32, who thought his life was over when he tested HIV positive when he was in jail four years ago. Now he is about to welcome a baby girl with his fiancée Caroline. (Both Deon and Caroline preferred to go by their first names only.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple became pregnant through unprotected sexual intercourse. Caroline does not have HIV, so the baby does not either. And she said she’s really not too concerned about getting HIV from her partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s on his meds, and it’s a really, really, really low chance of me getting it,” she said. “And I just, like I love him, it’s not a big issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BREAKING STIGMA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it may not be a big issue for Caroline, being HIV positive and having unprotected sex runs counter to just about every public health message that’s been put out for decades. Both state public health officials and officials with the Centers for Disease Control declined to comment for this story. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.asrm.org/uploadedFiles/ASRM_Content/News_and_Publications/Ethics_Committee_Reports_and_Statements/hivethics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">latest ethics report \u003c/a>from the research and advocacy group American Society for Reproductive Medicine called the practice, “unsafe” and “not recommended.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco program is thought to be the first of its kind, and David Evans with the AIDS activist group Project Inform said it may stay that way for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think stigma is still very, very strong in society about HIV in general.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans, who has been following HIV medical science for decades and pushes for policy changes, said that in some states, doctors have refused to help those with HIV have kids altogether. Until about two years ago, health officials in Mississippi required people who tested positive for the virus to sign a form saying they would never have children. Evans said a program that affirms the right of people with HIV to have kids, and let go of condoms, could be revolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this really changes things in a quite dramatic way,” Evan said. “And it is one of the last big remaining hurdles that I think many heterosexual men and women have to what they would consider living a normal, ordinary life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point, as a typical father-to-be, Deon worries more about raising a daughter than he does about his HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's like 'Oh my god,’” he said. “I definitely want her to know all kinds of self-defense. I envision her to be a black belt in karate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caroline said she's confident they'll be good parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just have a really good relationship, like we really talk about everything,” she said. “He says I can make the decisions, but we make decisions together really, and things are just better when we're together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital treats about 500 straight men with HIV. The PRO Men program plans to launch a monthly support group in March that will also be open to men living outside San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Mina Kim's story\u003c/strong>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201302151630b.xml\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"335\" height=\"85\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201302151630b.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By Mina Kim\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10613\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/14/permission-to-forego-condoms-for-hiv-men-wanting-children/minasphoto/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10613\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10613\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/MinasPhoto-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Deon Brimmer, 32, is HIV positive and expecting a daughter. He’s being treated by a new San Francisco program that helps men with HIV safely realize their dreams of being dads. (Photo: Ryan Anson)\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deon, 32, is HIV positive and expecting a daughter. He’s being treated at a new San Francisco program that helps men with HIV safely realize their dreams of being dads. (Photo: Ryan Anson)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The public health message around unprotected sex for those with HIV has always been the same: Don’t do it. Even with huge strides in medical science that’s changed HIV from a death sentence to a chronic but manageable disease, that directive has not changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a new program based in San Francisco is challenging this long-held campaign, and helping HIV-positive men have babies -- the conventional way. The program run by San Francisco General Hospital, called PRO Men, teaches men about a range of reproductive options, from adoption to in vitro fertilization -- where an egg is fertilized in a lab dish -- to carefully timed intercourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say as an HIV provider community, we have really failed these men,” says UCSF professor Deborah Cohan, who runs the hospital's \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfghf.net/programs/bapac.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Perinatal AIDS Center\u003c/a> or BAPAC. “We really have not created programs to help them realize those goals and do so safely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It is one of the last big remaining hurdles that I think many heterosexual men and women have to what they would consider living a normal, ordinary life.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the discovery of drugs to treat the virus, Cohan said people with HIV are living long, healthy lives. And for those who want to start families, having “safe” sex, Cohan said, can mean foregoing condoms when a female partner is ovulating. Women can also take HIV drugs, which some studies show can protect against the virus. (BAPAC has helped HIV-positive women who adhere to their medications have healthy babies for years.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that if the person who is positive takes antiretrovirals and their viral load is suppressed, meaning the medication is working at killing all the HIV in the blood, that the likelihood of them passing HIV to a sexual partner is essentially zero,” Cohan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially zero” but not absolutely zero, Cohan says, because there’s some concern the virus can be in genital fluid even when it’s not detected in blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this concern, couples are forging ahead with their family plans. Deon, 32, who thought his life was over when he tested HIV positive when he was in jail four years ago. Now he is about to welcome a baby girl with his fiancée Caroline. (Both Deon and Caroline preferred to go by their first names only.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple became pregnant through unprotected sexual intercourse. Caroline does not have HIV, so the baby does not either. And she said she’s really not too concerned about getting HIV from her partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s on his meds, and it’s a really, really, really low chance of me getting it,” she said. “And I just, like I love him, it’s not a big issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BREAKING STIGMA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it may not be a big issue for Caroline, being HIV positive and having unprotected sex runs counter to just about every public health message that’s been put out for decades. Both state public health officials and officials with the Centers for Disease Control declined to comment for this story. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.asrm.org/uploadedFiles/ASRM_Content/News_and_Publications/Ethics_Committee_Reports_and_Statements/hivethics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">latest ethics report \u003c/a>from the research and advocacy group American Society for Reproductive Medicine called the practice, “unsafe” and “not recommended.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco program is thought to be the first of its kind, and David Evans with the AIDS activist group Project Inform said it may stay that way for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think stigma is still very, very strong in society about HIV in general.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans, who has been following HIV medical science for decades and pushes for policy changes, said that in some states, doctors have refused to help those with HIV have kids altogether. Until about two years ago, health officials in Mississippi required people who tested positive for the virus to sign a form saying they would never have children. Evans said a program that affirms the right of people with HIV to have kids, and let go of condoms, could be revolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this really changes things in a quite dramatic way,” Evan said. “And it is one of the last big remaining hurdles that I think many heterosexual men and women have to what they would consider living a normal, ordinary life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point, as a typical father-to-be, Deon worries more about raising a daughter than he does about his HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's like 'Oh my god,’” he said. “I definitely want her to know all kinds of self-defense. I envision her to be a black belt in karate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caroline said she's confident they'll be good parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just have a really good relationship, like we really talk about everything,” she said. “He says I can make the decisions, but we make decisions together really, and things are just better when we're together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital treats about 500 straight men with HIV. The PRO Men program plans to launch a monthly support group in March that will also be open to men living outside San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Mina Kim's story\u003c/strong>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cobject width=\"335\" height=\"85\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201302151630b.xml\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/flash/kqedplayer.swf\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"335\" height=\"85\" flashvars=\"file=http://www.kqed.org/radio/archives/R201302151630b.xml\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Much for A Hip Replacement? Good Luck Trying to Find Out",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10509\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/11/how-much-for-a-hip-replacement-good-luck-trying-to-find-out/artificialhip_okadots_flickr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10509\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10509\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/ArtificialHip_okadots_Flickr-300x246.jpg\" alt=\"X-ray showing a new artificial hip. No, I don't know how much the patient paid for it. (okadots/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">X-ray showing a new artificial hip. No, I don't know how much the patient paid for it. (okadots/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you want to buy a new car, you can probably figure out a price range within a matter of minutes with a google search. The same is true for many other products. But in health care, forget it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1569848#COMMENT\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a> published today in JAMA Internal Medicine, researchers called more than 100 hospitals across the country. They included a range of both top-ranked centers and community hospitals and inquired about a common elective surgical procedure -- a hip replacement -- for a fictitious 62-year-old grandmother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, only 10 percent of the non-top-ranked hospitals and 45 percent of the top-ranked hospitals were even able to provide a price. Researchers were a bit more successful when they called the hospital and physician separately.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It is time we stop forcing people to buy health care services blindfolded.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And just what was the price range? $11,100 on the low end to $125,000 on the high end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients seeking elective (hip replacement) may find considerable price savings through comparison shopping,\" the authors write. No kidding -- except that half of the institutions couldn't even provide a price.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans hear over and over that they must be better consumers of health care, but it's pretty tough when information can be so hard to get or difficult to interpret. Maybe you can get crash data on that new car you want to buy, but it can be tougher to get information about quality for a health care procedure than it is to get a price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Without quality data to accompany price data, physicians, consumers, and other health care decision makers have no idea if a lower price represents shoddy quality or if it constitutes good value,\" say medical ethicist Ezekiel Emanuel and Andrew Steinmetz in an \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1569849\" target=\"_blank\">accompanying commentary\u003c/a> they co-wrote. \"And, since patients are reluctant to cut corners when it comes to their health and the health of their family members, they are liable to falsely assume — as they do in other markets — that higher prices correlate with higher quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emanuel opens his commentary with a brief history of trying to buy a car in the 1950s, how buyers were completely at the mercy of dealers, that little quality data was available. It took an act of Congress in 1958 to force car dealers to display the now-ubiquitous MSRP to the window of every new car for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The history of the automobile industry shows that information asymmetry is treatable,\" Ezekial and Steinmetz conclude. \"Health care will need to travel down a similar path. It is time we stop forcing people to buy health care services blindfolded — and then blame them for not seeing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're still in the infancy of transparency of cost and quality information. Sites like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/12/27/clearhealthcosts-sorts-out-bewildering-health-prices/\" target=\"_blank\">ClearHealthCosts\u003c/a> have pricing information on a number of common procedures. CalPERS -- the California Public Employees Retirement System -- looked at its own claims for knee and hip replacement. It, too, found a range of $15,000 to $110,000. In 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/04/27/steps-toward-lower-cost-higher-quality-health-care/\" target=\"_blank\">CalPERS set a threshhold price of $30,000\u003c/a> for a hip or knee replacement. A CalPERS spokesperson says they made sure its approved facilities met a quality standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a long way to go. In the meantime, caveat emptor.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If you want to buy a new car, you can probably figure out a price range within a matter of minutes with a google search. The same is true for many other products. But in health care, forget it.\r\n\r\nIn a new study published today, researchers called more than 100 hospitals across the country. They included a range of both top-ranked centers and community hospitals and inquired about a common elective surgical procedure -- a hip replacement -- for a fictitious 62-year-old grandmother. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10509\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/11/how-much-for-a-hip-replacement-good-luck-trying-to-find-out/artificialhip_okadots_flickr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10509\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10509\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/ArtificialHip_okadots_Flickr-300x246.jpg\" alt=\"X-ray showing a new artificial hip. No, I don't know how much the patient paid for it. (okadots/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">X-ray showing a new artificial hip. No, I don't know how much the patient paid for it. (okadots/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you want to buy a new car, you can probably figure out a price range within a matter of minutes with a google search. The same is true for many other products. But in health care, forget it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1569848#COMMENT\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a> published today in JAMA Internal Medicine, researchers called more than 100 hospitals across the country. They included a range of both top-ranked centers and community hospitals and inquired about a common elective surgical procedure -- a hip replacement -- for a fictitious 62-year-old grandmother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, only 10 percent of the non-top-ranked hospitals and 45 percent of the top-ranked hospitals were even able to provide a price. Researchers were a bit more successful when they called the hospital and physician separately.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It is time we stop forcing people to buy health care services blindfolded.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And just what was the price range? $11,100 on the low end to $125,000 on the high end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients seeking elective (hip replacement) may find considerable price savings through comparison shopping,\" the authors write. No kidding -- except that half of the institutions couldn't even provide a price.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans hear over and over that they must be better consumers of health care, but it's pretty tough when information can be so hard to get or difficult to interpret. Maybe you can get crash data on that new car you want to buy, but it can be tougher to get information about quality for a health care procedure than it is to get a price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Without quality data to accompany price data, physicians, consumers, and other health care decision makers have no idea if a lower price represents shoddy quality or if it constitutes good value,\" say medical ethicist Ezekiel Emanuel and Andrew Steinmetz in an \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1569849\" target=\"_blank\">accompanying commentary\u003c/a> they co-wrote. \"And, since patients are reluctant to cut corners when it comes to their health and the health of their family members, they are liable to falsely assume — as they do in other markets — that higher prices correlate with higher quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emanuel opens his commentary with a brief history of trying to buy a car in the 1950s, how buyers were completely at the mercy of dealers, that little quality data was available. It took an act of Congress in 1958 to force car dealers to display the now-ubiquitous MSRP to the window of every new car for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The history of the automobile industry shows that information asymmetry is treatable,\" Ezekial and Steinmetz conclude. \"Health care will need to travel down a similar path. It is time we stop forcing people to buy health care services blindfolded — and then blame them for not seeing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're still in the infancy of transparency of cost and quality information. Sites like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/12/27/clearhealthcosts-sorts-out-bewildering-health-prices/\" target=\"_blank\">ClearHealthCosts\u003c/a> have pricing information on a number of common procedures. CalPERS -- the California Public Employees Retirement System -- looked at its own claims for knee and hip replacement. It, too, found a range of $15,000 to $110,000. In 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/04/27/steps-toward-lower-cost-higher-quality-health-care/\" target=\"_blank\">CalPERS set a threshhold price of $30,000\u003c/a> for a hip or knee replacement. A CalPERS spokesperson says they made sure its approved facilities met a quality standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a long way to go. In the meantime, caveat emptor.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mammograms: Strong Evidence That Every Two Years Is Best Option For Older Women",
"title": "Mammograms: Strong Evidence That Every Two Years Is Best Option For Older Women",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5549\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/05/01/new-research-for-women-in-their-40s-on-mammograms/080922-n-2688m-004/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5549\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-5549\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/WomanGetsMammogram_WikimediaCommons-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"(Photo: U.S. Navy)\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Photo: U.S. Navy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A major new study has found that -- in older women -- mammograms done every two years were as effective as mammograms done annually and led to far fewer false positive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/02/01/jnci.djs645.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">The study\u003c/a>, published online Tuesday in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, included more than 140,000 women ages 66 to 89 from across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequency of mammograms among women in their 40s and 50s has been the subject of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/05/01/new-research-for-women-in-their-40s-on-mammograms/\" target=\"_blank\">intense debate\u003c/a> for more than two decades, but this older group of women has been much less studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The women screened annually had a dramatically higher rate of false positives.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A team led by researchers at UC San Francisco sought to answer the question: among older women, if a woman is screened for breast cancer every two years, instead of every year, will a deadly cancer be missed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found that there really was no difference,\" Dejana Braithwaite, assistant professor of cancer epidemiology at UCSF and part of the research team, told me. \"The women who were screened every two years were not at a greater risk. They did not have a higher probability of being diagnosed with late stage breast cancer compared to those women who were screened every year.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the women screened annually had a dramatically higher rate of false positives; they were called back for unnecessary mammograms or biopsies. In the study, nearly half of women screened annually -- 48 percent -- had a false positive over a 10-year period, versus about 29 percent of women screened every two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The overall message is that the probability of false positive results is much greater with annual screening and yet there is no added benefit,\" Braithwaite said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force created a firestorm of controversy in 2009 when it said women ages 50 to 74 should be screened every two years instead of annually. At that time,\u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> the task force said that\u003c/a> \"the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older.\" Braithwaite says today's study is one step toward advancing the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn't mean to say that women in (their) 70s and even in their 80s should not be screened. Indeed, if they are in good health -- women in their 70s -- there is not reason for them not to be screened.\" But if they have other health issues, breast cancer screening could end up causing unnecessary harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So there's a lot of uncertainty about the value of screening in these older age groups, and that's why we're trying to address is this gap of information in evidence,\" Braithwaite said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the population ages, it's becoming an \"increasingly important question,\" she concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story\u003c/strong>:\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/02/Mammograms-in-Older-Women.mp3]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A major new study has found that -- in older women -- mammograms done every two years are as effective as mammograms done annually and led to far fewer false positive results.\r\n\r\nThe study, published today in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, included more than 140-thousand women ages 66 to 89 from across the country. Frequency of mammograms among women in their 40s and 50s has been the subject of intense debate for more than two decades, but this older group of women has been much less studied.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5549\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/05/01/new-research-for-women-in-their-40s-on-mammograms/080922-n-2688m-004/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5549\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-5549\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/WomanGetsMammogram_WikimediaCommons-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"(Photo: U.S. Navy)\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Photo: U.S. Navy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A major new study has found that -- in older women -- mammograms done every two years were as effective as mammograms done annually and led to far fewer false positive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/02/01/jnci.djs645.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">The study\u003c/a>, published online Tuesday in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, included more than 140,000 women ages 66 to 89 from across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequency of mammograms among women in their 40s and 50s has been the subject of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/05/01/new-research-for-women-in-their-40s-on-mammograms/\" target=\"_blank\">intense debate\u003c/a> for more than two decades, but this older group of women has been much less studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The women screened annually had a dramatically higher rate of false positives.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A team led by researchers at UC San Francisco sought to answer the question: among older women, if a woman is screened for breast cancer every two years, instead of every year, will a deadly cancer be missed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found that there really was no difference,\" Dejana Braithwaite, assistant professor of cancer epidemiology at UCSF and part of the research team, told me. \"The women who were screened every two years were not at a greater risk. They did not have a higher probability of being diagnosed with late stage breast cancer compared to those women who were screened every year.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the women screened annually had a dramatically higher rate of false positives; they were called back for unnecessary mammograms or biopsies. In the study, nearly half of women screened annually -- 48 percent -- had a false positive over a 10-year period, versus about 29 percent of women screened every two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The overall message is that the probability of false positive results is much greater with annual screening and yet there is no added benefit,\" Braithwaite said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force created a firestorm of controversy in 2009 when it said women ages 50 to 74 should be screened every two years instead of annually. At that time,\u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> the task force said that\u003c/a> \"the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older.\" Braithwaite says today's study is one step toward advancing the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn't mean to say that women in (their) 70s and even in their 80s should not be screened. Indeed, if they are in good health -- women in their 70s -- there is not reason for them not to be screened.\" But if they have other health issues, breast cancer screening could end up causing unnecessary harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So there's a lot of uncertainty about the value of screening in these older age groups, and that's why we're trying to address is this gap of information in evidence,\" Braithwaite said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the population ages, it's becoming an \"increasingly important question,\" she concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story\u003c/strong>:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sex Doesn't Burn Weight and 4 More Popular Myths About Dieting Debunked",
"title": "Sex Doesn't Burn Weight and 4 More Popular Myths About Dieting Debunked",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_546\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2011/11/21/bay-area-kids-get-a-little-fatter-except-in-san-mateo-county/scalegeneric081211/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-546\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-546\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2011/11/ScaleGeneric081211-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Woman's feet on scale.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I don't cover a lot of dieting stories here on State of Health. I figure you get enough of that elsewhere. For example, here are\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en&tab=ww#hl=en&tbo=d&sclient=psy-ab&q=how+can+I+lose+10+pounds%3F&oq=how+can+I+lose+10+pounds%3F&gs_l=hp.3..0l4.4205.7940.0.8163.25.25.0.0.0.0.160.2521.11j14.25.0.les%3Bcqn%2Ccconf%3D1-2%2Cmin_length%3D2%2Crate_low%3D0-035%2Crate_high%3D0-035%2Csecond_pass%3Dfalse%2Cnum_suggestions%3D2%2Cignore_bad_origquery%3Dtrue%2Conetoken%3Dfalse..0.0...1c.1.JokXr73weUw&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&bvm=bv.41642243,d.cGE&fp=a9017c0373b80654&biw=1554&bih=842\" target=\"_blank\"> 88 million places\u003c/a> I found by Googling \"How can I lose 10 pounds?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I love evidence-based medicine. So when a group of respected researchers shatter widely-held beliefs about weight loss, I'm there. In Thursday's\u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1208051#t=articleTop\" target=\"_blank\"> New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/a>, a group of researchers does just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the review, the researchers categorized as myths those \"beliefs held to be true despite substantial refuting evidence.\" In other words, people have been repeating these ideas for so long, everyone thinks they're true. But they're not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, here we go:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #1: Small changes -- eating less or exercising more -- done over time will yield large weight loss. \u003c/strong>This myth comes from the idea that a pound is equal to 3,500 calories. But the short-term studies that looked at burning 3,500 calories to lose one pound were done 50 years ago. More recent research shows that individuals will burn calories differently as they lose weight. So the 100 calories you're burning in exercise today will affect your body differently than the 100 calories you burned, say 18 months ago, when you started these small changes. Note that it's not to say that exercising more -- or eating less -- is pointless (you will see why later in this post).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #2: If you lose a lot of weight really fast, you'll just gain it back really fast; you'll have better long-term results if you lose weight slowly. \u003c/strong>When researchers actually looked at the studies, they found \"no significant difference\" between the two approaches in relation to long-term weight loss.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #3: Physical-education classes, in their current form, play an important role in reducing or preventing childhood obesity. \u003c/strong>As a parent, I found this to be somewhat depressing, although the writers did include a caveat: \"There is almost certainly a level of physical activity ... that would be effective in reducing or preventing obesity. Whether that level is plausibly achievable in conventional school settings is unknown, although the dose-response relationship between physical activity and weight warrants investigation in clinical trials.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #4: Breast-feeding protects against obesity. \u003c/strong>Say it ain't so! No less than the esteemed World Health Organization reported that breast-feeding is protective against obesity. But our myth busters found evidence of \"publication bias\" in the WHO research. Furthermore, the myth busters report a study of 13,000 children that found \"no compelling evidence of an effect of breast-feeding on obesity.\" They do stress that breast-feeding has other benefits for both infant and mother \"and should therefore be encouraged.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #5: You burn 100 to 300 calories by having sex.\u003c/strong> The myth busters start with a premise that some people may find troubling: \"Given that the average bout of sexual activity lasts about six minutes,\" the myth busters say, \"a man in his early-to-mid-30s might expend approximately 21 (calories) during sexual intercourse.\" But it gets even better: \"Of course, he would have spent roughly one third that amount of energy just watching television.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The myth busters also highlight presumptions, \"widely accepted beliefs that have neither been proved nor disproved.\" They call for gathering solid evidence so these presumptions can be proved or disproved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At present, there is no evidence to support these ideas:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Regularly eating breakfast is protective against obesity.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eating more fruits and vegetables will result in weight loss or less weight gain, regardless of whether any other changes to one's behavior or environment are made.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Weight-cycling is associated with increased mortality. It's likely that any observations that lead to this conclusion are confounded by a person's health status.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Snacking adds to weight gain and obesity. Studies have not consistently found an association.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The myth busters insist they are not nihilistic, and their report includes these facts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Exercise, exercise, exercise. \"Regardless of body weight or weight loss, an increased level of exercise increases health,\" the researchers write.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Exercise \"in a sufficient dose\" helps with long-term weight maintenance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For overweight children, \"parents and the home setting\" should be included in any weight loss plan to improve success.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "I don't cover a lot of dieting stories here on State of Health. I figure you get enough of that elsewhere. For example, here are 88 million places I found by googling \"How can I lose 10 pounds?\"\r\n\r\nBut I love evidence-based medicine. So when a group of researchers shatter widely-held beliefs about weight loss, I'm fascinated. And before you think this can just be 88 million and 1 articles about weight loss, this review was published in the New England Journal of Medicine, which tends to have a pretty high bar for publication.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_546\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2011/11/21/bay-area-kids-get-a-little-fatter-except-in-san-mateo-county/scalegeneric081211/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-546\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-546\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2011/11/ScaleGeneric081211-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Woman's feet on scale.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I don't cover a lot of dieting stories here on State of Health. I figure you get enough of that elsewhere. For example, here are\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en&tab=ww#hl=en&tbo=d&sclient=psy-ab&q=how+can+I+lose+10+pounds%3F&oq=how+can+I+lose+10+pounds%3F&gs_l=hp.3..0l4.4205.7940.0.8163.25.25.0.0.0.0.160.2521.11j14.25.0.les%3Bcqn%2Ccconf%3D1-2%2Cmin_length%3D2%2Crate_low%3D0-035%2Crate_high%3D0-035%2Csecond_pass%3Dfalse%2Cnum_suggestions%3D2%2Cignore_bad_origquery%3Dtrue%2Conetoken%3Dfalse..0.0...1c.1.JokXr73weUw&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&bvm=bv.41642243,d.cGE&fp=a9017c0373b80654&biw=1554&bih=842\" target=\"_blank\"> 88 million places\u003c/a> I found by Googling \"How can I lose 10 pounds?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I love evidence-based medicine. So when a group of respected researchers shatter widely-held beliefs about weight loss, I'm there. In Thursday's\u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1208051#t=articleTop\" target=\"_blank\"> New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/a>, a group of researchers does just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the review, the researchers categorized as myths those \"beliefs held to be true despite substantial refuting evidence.\" In other words, people have been repeating these ideas for so long, everyone thinks they're true. But they're not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, here we go:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #1: Small changes -- eating less or exercising more -- done over time will yield large weight loss. \u003c/strong>This myth comes from the idea that a pound is equal to 3,500 calories. But the short-term studies that looked at burning 3,500 calories to lose one pound were done 50 years ago. More recent research shows that individuals will burn calories differently as they lose weight. So the 100 calories you're burning in exercise today will affect your body differently than the 100 calories you burned, say 18 months ago, when you started these small changes. Note that it's not to say that exercising more -- or eating less -- is pointless (you will see why later in this post).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #2: If you lose a lot of weight really fast, you'll just gain it back really fast; you'll have better long-term results if you lose weight slowly. \u003c/strong>When researchers actually looked at the studies, they found \"no significant difference\" between the two approaches in relation to long-term weight loss.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #3: Physical-education classes, in their current form, play an important role in reducing or preventing childhood obesity. \u003c/strong>As a parent, I found this to be somewhat depressing, although the writers did include a caveat: \"There is almost certainly a level of physical activity ... that would be effective in reducing or preventing obesity. Whether that level is plausibly achievable in conventional school settings is unknown, although the dose-response relationship between physical activity and weight warrants investigation in clinical trials.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #4: Breast-feeding protects against obesity. \u003c/strong>Say it ain't so! No less than the esteemed World Health Organization reported that breast-feeding is protective against obesity. But our myth busters found evidence of \"publication bias\" in the WHO research. Furthermore, the myth busters report a study of 13,000 children that found \"no compelling evidence of an effect of breast-feeding on obesity.\" They do stress that breast-feeding has other benefits for both infant and mother \"and should therefore be encouraged.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Myth #5: You burn 100 to 300 calories by having sex.\u003c/strong> The myth busters start with a premise that some people may find troubling: \"Given that the average bout of sexual activity lasts about six minutes,\" the myth busters say, \"a man in his early-to-mid-30s might expend approximately 21 (calories) during sexual intercourse.\" But it gets even better: \"Of course, he would have spent roughly one third that amount of energy just watching television.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The myth busters also highlight presumptions, \"widely accepted beliefs that have neither been proved nor disproved.\" They call for gathering solid evidence so these presumptions can be proved or disproved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At present, there is no evidence to support these ideas:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Regularly eating breakfast is protective against obesity.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eating more fruits and vegetables will result in weight loss or less weight gain, regardless of whether any other changes to one's behavior or environment are made.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Weight-cycling is associated with increased mortality. It's likely that any observations that lead to this conclusion are confounded by a person's health status.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Snacking adds to weight gain and obesity. Studies have not consistently found an association.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The myth busters insist they are not nihilistic, and their report includes these facts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Exercise, exercise, exercise. \"Regardless of body weight or weight loss, an increased level of exercise increases health,\" the researchers write.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Exercise \"in a sufficient dose\" helps with long-term weight maintenance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For overweight children, \"parents and the home setting\" should be included in any weight loss plan to improve success.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Don't Panic Over Flu -- But Do Get A Flu Shot, Say Experts",
"title": "Don't Panic Over Flu -- But Do Get A Flu Shot, Say Experts",
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"content": "\u003cp>The states colored brown in this map from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a> shows where flu activity is widespread. You see that California is currently seeing \"regional\" activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9922\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-9922\" title=\"(Centers for Disease Control)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/01/Screen-Shot-2013-01-11-at-3.24.06-PM-620x380.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"380\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Centers for Disease Control)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're worried about contracting the flu, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">CDC says\u003c/a> that an annual flu vaccine \"is the best way to reduce the chances that you will get seasonal flu and lessen the chance that you will spread it to others.\" The CDC recommends everyone over age 6 months go ahead and get the shot. Today in a release, Dr. Ron Chapman of the California Department of Public Health also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/PH13-001.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">urged Californians to be vaccinated\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is seeing an accelerated increase in flu activity over the past few weeks,” said Dr. Chapman in a statement. “You can help prevent further spread of the flu by getting a flu shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deborah Schoch \u003ca href=\"http://centerforhealthreporting.org/blog/californians-get-extra-time-prepare-flu-bug1043\" target=\"_blank\">wrote about California's experience with the flu\u003c/a> so far this winter on CHCF's Center for Health Reporting blog:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Californians have a little more time to prepare,” said Dr. Carol Glaser, chief of special investigations in the department’s Division of Communicable Disease Control. The rate of flu cases here is still much lower than, say, Boston, where the mayor on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Glaser cautioned, “That’s not to say our numbers could flip dramatically tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts are calling 2012-13 one of the worst flu seasons of the decade, due in part to the influenza Type A strain H3N2 that is making people sicker and keeping them sick for weeks. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protection against H3N2 is included in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination/vaccine_safety.htm\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine mix for 2012-13\u003c/a>. And you can get that vaccine close to home -- say, at your local pharmacy\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A flu shot can take about two weeks to create an effective shield.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Despite what people may say, the flu shot cannot give you the flu. Sometimes people get the flu immediately after being vaccinated. In this case, it's not the shot that caused the illness, but the fact that you became infected by the virus before the vaccine had a chance to create that effective shield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, the flu vaccine is only about 60 percent effective -- although experts say the vaccine offers at least some protection, meaning that if you get sick, you'll hopefully have an easier bout with the illness.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "The states colored brown in this map from the Centers for Disease Control shows where flu activity is widespread. You see that California is currently seeing "regional" activity. If you're worried about contracting the flu, the CDC says that an annual flu vaccine "is the best way to reduce the chances that you will get seasonal",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The states colored brown in this map from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a> shows where flu activity is widespread. You see that California is currently seeing \"regional\" activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9922\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-9922\" title=\"(Centers for Disease Control)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/01/Screen-Shot-2013-01-11-at-3.24.06-PM-620x380.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"380\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Centers for Disease Control)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're worried about contracting the flu, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">CDC says\u003c/a> that an annual flu vaccine \"is the best way to reduce the chances that you will get seasonal flu and lessen the chance that you will spread it to others.\" The CDC recommends everyone over age 6 months go ahead and get the shot. Today in a release, Dr. Ron Chapman of the California Department of Public Health also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/PH13-001.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">urged Californians to be vaccinated\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is seeing an accelerated increase in flu activity over the past few weeks,” said Dr. Chapman in a statement. “You can help prevent further spread of the flu by getting a flu shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deborah Schoch \u003ca href=\"http://centerforhealthreporting.org/blog/californians-get-extra-time-prepare-flu-bug1043\" target=\"_blank\">wrote about California's experience with the flu\u003c/a> so far this winter on CHCF's Center for Health Reporting blog:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Californians have a little more time to prepare,” said Dr. Carol Glaser, chief of special investigations in the department’s Division of Communicable Disease Control. The rate of flu cases here is still much lower than, say, Boston, where the mayor on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Glaser cautioned, “That’s not to say our numbers could flip dramatically tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts are calling 2012-13 one of the worst flu seasons of the decade, due in part to the influenza Type A strain H3N2 that is making people sicker and keeping them sick for weeks. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protection against H3N2 is included in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination/vaccine_safety.htm\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine mix for 2012-13\u003c/a>. And you can get that vaccine close to home -- say, at your local pharmacy\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A flu shot can take about two weeks to create an effective shield.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Despite what people may say, the flu shot cannot give you the flu. Sometimes people get the flu immediately after being vaccinated. In this case, it's not the shot that caused the illness, but the fact that you became infected by the virus before the vaccine had a chance to create that effective shield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, the flu vaccine is only about 60 percent effective -- although experts say the vaccine offers at least some protection, meaning that if you get sick, you'll hopefully have an easier bout with the illness.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pap Tests for Cervical Cancer Are Too Often Overused",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9805\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/01/Cervix_Healthy_Euthman.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9805\" title=\"Healthy cervix cells, gathered during a Pap test, as seen under a microscope. (Euthman/Flickr)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/01/Cervix_Healthy_Euthman-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"Healthy cervix cells, gathered during a Pap test, as seen under a microscope. (Euthman/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Healthy cervix cells, gathered during a Pap test, as seen under a microscope. (Euthman/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>January is Cervical Health Awareness month, and the Centers for Disease Control is celebrating by highlighting just how poorly the US is doing at following established guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.html\" target=\"_blank\">dual reports\u003c/a> today, the CDC finds that many women are being screened for cervical cancer way too often -- while other women are not screened enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with the guidelines themselves. In 2012, three different groups, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscerv.htm\" target=\"_blank\">US Preventive Services Task Force\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/new-screening-guidelines-for-cervical-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acog.org/About%20ACOG/Announcements/New%20Cervical%20Cancer%20Screening%20Recommendations.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists \u003c/a>all came to agreement: Women ages 21 to 65 should receive a Pap test -- the definitive screen for cervical cancer -- once every three years. If you're either under 21 -- or 65 or older, you don't need one, barring \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711081\" target=\"_blank\">certain limitations\u003c/a>. (Some women opt for an additional HPV test and can be screened with a Pap test every five years.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the overwhelming number of women who have had a total hysterectomy (in which the cervix is also removed) do not need any more Pap tests. As Dr. David Chelmow, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/03/us-usa-cancer-cervix-idUSBRE9020PR20130103?feedType=RSS&feedName=healthNews&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">told Reuters\u003c/a>, \"It's tough to get cervical cancer without a cervix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot from the CDC's survey? Here are the numbers:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>41.5% of women ages 18 to 21 had a Pap test in the last year, despite the recommendations that they don't need them\u003c!--more-->\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>58.7% of women older than 30 who had a hysterectomy had a Pap test in the last three years. Got that? Hat/Tip to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/01/03/168542327/pap-tests-for-cervical-cancer-often-are-wasted\" target=\"_blank\">NPR's Shots blog\u003c/a> for pointing out this blistering reaction:\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>That statistic sent Reuters health and science correspondent Sharon Begley right up the wall. \"Angry that 1/3 of US med $$ goes to useless 'care'? Get ready 2 scream: 60% of women w/hysterectomy keep having Paps,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sxbegle/status/286884946440749056\">she yelled\u003c/a> on Twitter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>While women may view the mildly invasive Pap test as benign, the CDC suggests thinking again. \"Most precancerous lesions detected by Pap testing regress, even without treatment,\" the authors say. \"(F)requent testing and overtreatment of women can lead to harm associated with diagnostic procedures including adverse birth outcomes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \"adverse birth outcome\" doesn't sound very benign to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair, the CDC notes that the rate of women being screened inappropriately has declined since 2000. But, then there's the women who need to be screened but aren't. In women ages 22-30, the number who said they have \u003cem>never\u003c/em> had a Pap test increased from 6.6% in 2000 to 9.0% in 2010. As the CDC notes, \"Women not receiving recommended screening and followup are at increased risk for cervical cancer mortality. Underscreening among women with less education, no usual source of health care, and no health-care coverage is well-documented and a persistent cause of health disparities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "January is Cervical Health Awareness month, and the Centers for Disease Control is celebrating by highlighting just how poorly the US is doing at following established guidelines.\r\n\r\nIn dual reports today, the CDC finds that many women are being screened for cervical cancer way too often -- while other women are not screened enough.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9805\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/01/Cervix_Healthy_Euthman.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9805\" title=\"Healthy cervix cells, gathered during a Pap test, as seen under a microscope. (Euthman/Flickr)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/01/Cervix_Healthy_Euthman-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"Healthy cervix cells, gathered during a Pap test, as seen under a microscope. (Euthman/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Healthy cervix cells, gathered during a Pap test, as seen under a microscope. (Euthman/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>January is Cervical Health Awareness month, and the Centers for Disease Control is celebrating by highlighting just how poorly the US is doing at following established guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.html\" target=\"_blank\">dual reports\u003c/a> today, the CDC finds that many women are being screened for cervical cancer way too often -- while other women are not screened enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with the guidelines themselves. In 2012, three different groups, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscerv.htm\" target=\"_blank\">US Preventive Services Task Force\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/new-screening-guidelines-for-cervical-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acog.org/About%20ACOG/Announcements/New%20Cervical%20Cancer%20Screening%20Recommendations.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists \u003c/a>all came to agreement: Women ages 21 to 65 should receive a Pap test -- the definitive screen for cervical cancer -- once every three years. If you're either under 21 -- or 65 or older, you don't need one, barring \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711081\" target=\"_blank\">certain limitations\u003c/a>. (Some women opt for an additional HPV test and can be screened with a Pap test every five years.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the overwhelming number of women who have had a total hysterectomy (in which the cervix is also removed) do not need any more Pap tests. As Dr. David Chelmow, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/03/us-usa-cancer-cervix-idUSBRE9020PR20130103?feedType=RSS&feedName=healthNews&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">told Reuters\u003c/a>, \"It's tough to get cervical cancer without a cervix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot from the CDC's survey? Here are the numbers:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>41.5% of women ages 18 to 21 had a Pap test in the last year, despite the recommendations that they don't need them\u003c!--more-->\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>58.7% of women older than 30 who had a hysterectomy had a Pap test in the last three years. Got that? Hat/Tip to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/01/03/168542327/pap-tests-for-cervical-cancer-often-are-wasted\" target=\"_blank\">NPR's Shots blog\u003c/a> for pointing out this blistering reaction:\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>That statistic sent Reuters health and science correspondent Sharon Begley right up the wall. \"Angry that 1/3 of US med $$ goes to useless 'care'? Get ready 2 scream: 60% of women w/hysterectomy keep having Paps,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sxbegle/status/286884946440749056\">she yelled\u003c/a> on Twitter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>While women may view the mildly invasive Pap test as benign, the CDC suggests thinking again. \"Most precancerous lesions detected by Pap testing regress, even without treatment,\" the authors say. \"(F)requent testing and overtreatment of women can lead to harm associated with diagnostic procedures including adverse birth outcomes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \"adverse birth outcome\" doesn't sound very benign to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair, the CDC notes that the rate of women being screened inappropriately has declined since 2000. But, then there's the women who need to be screened but aren't. In women ages 22-30, the number who said they have \u003cem>never\u003c/em> had a Pap test increased from 6.6% in 2000 to 9.0% in 2010. As the CDC notes, \"Women not receiving recommended screening and followup are at increased risk for cervical cancer mortality. Underscreening among women with less education, no usual source of health care, and no health-care coverage is well-documented and a persistent cause of health disparities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>By Aarti Shahani, KQED\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9637\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/Scandu_Wht_wBlkTrim_r1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9637\" title=\"Self-tracking devices are going beyond fitness. Scanadu is building a device to record medical vital signs.\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/Scandu_Wht_wBlkTrim_r1-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"Self-tracking devices are going beyond fitness. Scanadu is building a device to record medical vital signs.\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Self-tracking devices are going beyond fitness. Scanadu is building a device to record medical vital signs.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those trying to lose pounds after over-indulging this holiday season can look for help from a slew of monitors that count steps climbed, calories burned, and heart rate. Self-tracking, once a subculture for fitness junkies, is gaining broader appeal for a broader range of health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Forrester Research, about three percent of online shoppers say they already use a self-tracking device, and 17 percent say they're interested in one popular brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Chang, a venture capitalist with the Mayfield Fund, is one of the money guys behind self-tracking. Chang raised $9 million for a new kind of tracker, made by Basis, a start up. The device, still a prototype, is \"the world's first very accurate heart rate monitor on just a wrist watch,\" he says. \"No chest strap, no other device.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sensors and bluetooth technologies have become so cheap and sophisticated, they can record more than steps taken and calories burned. Another start-up, Scanadu, is building a handheld device to record systolic blood pressure and blood oxygenation. Scanadu's Walter De Brouwer says technology enables people to be “citizen doctors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Basis can get its wristwatch/heart rate monitor to market, it will presumably make money from sales. But Chang is hoping for big money from a different place: selling an app that aggregates the monitor's data and analyzes it for you, the user.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People aren't really interested in raw data,\" he says. \"If I just gave you your heart rate data, you wouldn't know how to interpret it. In fact it might confuse you, or it might scare you and say, 'What is the spike? Why is it low; why is it high?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Google sell advertisers the ability to connect advertising content to users based on extensive profiling information. In a similar vein, Chang's first self-tracking investment, Lumos Labs, has hundreds of thousands of subscribers paying for data on themselves -- and a paid user base that's more than doubled every year since they started sales in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The beauty of subscription business models, if you can retain your users, is they can be naturally very profitable,\" Chang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But big data raises big privacy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, some users of a leading self-tracking brand, FitBit, were logging their sexual activity as exercise. Then their sex logs somehow popped up on Google searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woody Scal, FitBit's Chief Revenue Officer, says the company has made privacy settings more prominent, \"so that people are more aware of what the privacy settings are. I think the area of privacy is an area that many companies like ours have learned a lot over the past couple of years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FitBit is entering a brave new world in privacy as they start selling devices and data to a new market: employers. Scal says FitBit is attempting to grow through corporate wellness programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Companies can see how many of the devices they’ve given out have actually been activated,\" he says. \"How many are being used? How is it actually changing employee behavior?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scal explains bosses don't get reports on an individual employee. They get aggregated data, and the worker must consent first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of FitBit's competitors, BodyMedia, says it's working with insurance companies to get its self-trackers into more workplaces. Scal says FitBit is running an experiment with one insurer, to see if employees who use the devices go to the doctor less, something he describes as the \"Holy Grail\" for self-tracking products. \"If we could make a direct connection to reduction in medical care costs, then I think the floodgates would be open,\" Scal enthuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consent to What?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marc Goodman, Chair of Policy, Law and Ethics at the technology research hub Singularity University, sees a big risk. \"People should be asking themselves, 'What happens with this data? What type of inferences can be drawn from this data?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says users typically don't read disclosures. And while health and fitness devices are personal tools for now, Goodman warns, health insurers in the future could use incentives to pressure people to wear these devices.\"So that they could get a better perspective on how healthy or unhealthy you are,\" he explains. \"If your self-tracking health device shows that you lead a sedentary lifestyle, then maybe you will pay more for insurance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodman says consumers should be careful about letting any company track health data that can be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story stated that Facebook and Google sell hyper-personal information to advertisers. That is incorrect. Facebook and Google sell advertisers the ability to connect advertising content to users based on extensive profiling information. KQED regrets the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Aarti Shahani's story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/2012-12-20_AartiFeatureHealthApps1.mp3|titles=2012-12-20_AartiFeatureHealthApps]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Aarti Shahani on Twitter: @aarti411\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Those trying to lose pounds after over-indulging this holiday season can look for help from a slew of monitors that count steps climbed, calories burned, and heart rate. Self-tracking, once a subculture for fitness junkies, is gaining broader appeal for a broader range of health issues.\r\n\r\nAccording to Forrester Research, about three percent of online shoppers say they already use a self-tracking device, and 17 percent say they're interested in one popular brand.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>By Aarti Shahani, KQED\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9637\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/Scandu_Wht_wBlkTrim_r1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9637\" title=\"Self-tracking devices are going beyond fitness. Scanadu is building a device to record medical vital signs.\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/Scandu_Wht_wBlkTrim_r1-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"Self-tracking devices are going beyond fitness. Scanadu is building a device to record medical vital signs.\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Self-tracking devices are going beyond fitness. Scanadu is building a device to record medical vital signs.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those trying to lose pounds after over-indulging this holiday season can look for help from a slew of monitors that count steps climbed, calories burned, and heart rate. Self-tracking, once a subculture for fitness junkies, is gaining broader appeal for a broader range of health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Forrester Research, about three percent of online shoppers say they already use a self-tracking device, and 17 percent say they're interested in one popular brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Chang, a venture capitalist with the Mayfield Fund, is one of the money guys behind self-tracking. Chang raised $9 million for a new kind of tracker, made by Basis, a start up. The device, still a prototype, is \"the world's first very accurate heart rate monitor on just a wrist watch,\" he says. \"No chest strap, no other device.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sensors and bluetooth technologies have become so cheap and sophisticated, they can record more than steps taken and calories burned. Another start-up, Scanadu, is building a handheld device to record systolic blood pressure and blood oxygenation. Scanadu's Walter De Brouwer says technology enables people to be “citizen doctors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Basis can get its wristwatch/heart rate monitor to market, it will presumably make money from sales. But Chang is hoping for big money from a different place: selling an app that aggregates the monitor's data and analyzes it for you, the user.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People aren't really interested in raw data,\" he says. \"If I just gave you your heart rate data, you wouldn't know how to interpret it. In fact it might confuse you, or it might scare you and say, 'What is the spike? Why is it low; why is it high?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Google sell advertisers the ability to connect advertising content to users based on extensive profiling information. In a similar vein, Chang's first self-tracking investment, Lumos Labs, has hundreds of thousands of subscribers paying for data on themselves -- and a paid user base that's more than doubled every year since they started sales in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The beauty of subscription business models, if you can retain your users, is they can be naturally very profitable,\" Chang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But big data raises big privacy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, some users of a leading self-tracking brand, FitBit, were logging their sexual activity as exercise. Then their sex logs somehow popped up on Google searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woody Scal, FitBit's Chief Revenue Officer, says the company has made privacy settings more prominent, \"so that people are more aware of what the privacy settings are. I think the area of privacy is an area that many companies like ours have learned a lot over the past couple of years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FitBit is entering a brave new world in privacy as they start selling devices and data to a new market: employers. Scal says FitBit is attempting to grow through corporate wellness programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Companies can see how many of the devices they’ve given out have actually been activated,\" he says. \"How many are being used? How is it actually changing employee behavior?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scal explains bosses don't get reports on an individual employee. They get aggregated data, and the worker must consent first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of FitBit's competitors, BodyMedia, says it's working with insurance companies to get its self-trackers into more workplaces. Scal says FitBit is running an experiment with one insurer, to see if employees who use the devices go to the doctor less, something he describes as the \"Holy Grail\" for self-tracking products. \"If we could make a direct connection to reduction in medical care costs, then I think the floodgates would be open,\" Scal enthuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consent to What?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marc Goodman, Chair of Policy, Law and Ethics at the technology research hub Singularity University, sees a big risk. \"People should be asking themselves, 'What happens with this data? What type of inferences can be drawn from this data?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says users typically don't read disclosures. And while health and fitness devices are personal tools for now, Goodman warns, health insurers in the future could use incentives to pressure people to wear these devices.\"So that they could get a better perspective on how healthy or unhealthy you are,\" he explains. \"If your self-tracking health device shows that you lead a sedentary lifestyle, then maybe you will pay more for insurance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodman says consumers should be careful about letting any company track health data that can be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story stated that Facebook and Google sell hyper-personal information to advertisers. That is incorrect. Facebook and Google sell advertisers the ability to connect advertising content to users based on extensive profiling information. KQED regrets the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to Aarti Shahani's story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Aarti Shahani on Twitter: @aarti411\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Women can add pelvic exams to list of medical tests they may not need as often -- or at all\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/PelvicExamStirrups_Maigh_Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9590\" title=\"(Maigh/Flickr)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/PelvicExamStirrups_Maigh_Flickr-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"(Maigh/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Maigh/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First, let's review. We've been getting a lot of updates to cancer screening tests lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pap Smears, a screening test for cervical cancer, were recommended to be done annually, until a group of experts in prevention concluded that \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscerv.htm\" target=\"_blank\">every three years\u003c/a> was equally effective. \u003ca href=\"http://www.acog.org/About_ACOG/Announcements/New_Cervical_Cancer_Screening_Recommendations\" target=\"_blank\">Most medical groups,\u003c/a> including the American Cancer Society, agree on this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's mammography. I think everyone knows the debate around that. \u003ca href=\"http://www.acog.org/About_ACOG/News_Room/News_Releases/2011/Annual_Mammograms_Now_Recommended_for_Women_Beginning_at_Age_40\" target=\"_blank\">Every year\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm\" target=\"_blank\">every other year\u003c/a>? Starting at 40? or 50? The evidence points to every two years after age 50, although many doctors maintain younger and more often is better.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Women get them annually, even though we “lack data” that they do much for us.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But this latest one -- about pelvic exams -- caught me by surprise. It turns out there's really not a whole lot of evidence that doing an annual pelvic exam makes any difference to a healthy woman's continuing good health. (Again, we're stressing healthy women. Women having symptoms are definitely candidates for a pelvic exam).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what the\u003ca href=\"http://www.acog.org/Resources_And_Publications/Committee_Opinions/Committee_on_Gynecologic_Practice/Well-Woman_Visit\" target=\"_blank\"> American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u003c/a> (ACOG) says about the pelvic exam, \u003cem>after\u003c/em> recommending it be done annually:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>No evidence supports or refutes the annual pelvic examination or speculum and bimanual examination for the asymptomatic, low-risk patient. An annual pelvic examination seems logical, but also lacks data to support a specific time frame or frequency of such examinations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Just take a minute with that. Women get them annually, even though we \"lack data\" that they do much for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the \"bi-manual exam\" part of the pelvic exam. That's where a doctor palpates a woman's ovaries, in part to screen for ovarian cancer. But ACOG writes that the test has \"low sensitivity\" for finding masses in the ovaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still with me? Anyone wondering why women are getting a bi-manual exam every year?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this should be news to doctors. But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159688\" target=\"_blank\">new survey from UCSF\u003c/a> shows that it is. Researchers surveyed 521 OB/GYNS across the country to assess why doctors were doing the exam. Nearly all doctors surveyed said they would perform the bi-manual screen on healthy, asymptomatic women. And here's the kicker: nearly half said they were performing the bi-manual exam \u003cem>to screen for ovarian cancer\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Jillian Henderson performed the research while at UCSF. (She's now at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research in Portland.) \"We think we're getting the exam to be told that everything's OK,\" she told me in an interview. \"But if it's not good at detecting one of the main cancers that we think that it's telling us we're OK about, we're falsely reassured.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were other caveats too. In the survey researchers asked doctors about varying types of patients, including 18-year-olds. ACOG recommends the bi-manual exam start at age 21, but 87 percent of doctors surveyed said they would perform the exam on the 18-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson was also troubled that some doctors said they would also require a woman who wanted the birth control pill to have a pelvic exam, again, despite guidelines that say it is not necessary. This creates a barrier to accessing birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson was clear that their survey was not all encompassing, pointing out that there may be reasons for the annual checkup that were not captured in the survey. \"Sometimes women want to talk to a specialist about the reproductive organs and body and sexual health,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fairness to doctors, about 80 percent of respondents said that patients expected the test. Women probably do, pointing out that we need more information. \"We need to understand a little more about what women gain from this exam and whether they really want to have this exam,\" Henderson says, \"even if it doesn't have a strong role in preventing cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a different note, about half of doctors said it was important to do the test to \"ensure adequate compensation.\" But this is not necessarily about greed, it's also a reality of the way health care is reimbursed in this country. \"We have a health care system that funds the examinations you conduct,\" Henderson said. \"I think we do need to shift toward looking at ways to fund women's contacts with health care providers that they value highly even if it's just discussions that are taking place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we're waiting for that to happen, you might want to talk with your doctor if you don't feel a need to have the bi-manual exam or any other part of the pelvic examination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/29/an-exam-with-poor-results/?ref=health\" target=\"_blank\">Questioning the Pelvic Exam\u003c/a> (New York Times)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Women can add pelvic exams to the list of things they may not need as often -- or at all\r\n\r\nFirst, let's review. We've been getting a lot of updates to cancer screening tests lately.\r\n\r\nPap Smears, a screening test for cervical cancer, were recommended to be done annually, until a group of experts in prevention concluded that every three years was equally effective. Most medical groups, including the American Cancer Society, agree on this one.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Women can add pelvic exams to list of medical tests they may not need as often -- or at all\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/PelvicExamStirrups_Maigh_Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9590\" title=\"(Maigh/Flickr)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/PelvicExamStirrups_Maigh_Flickr-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"(Maigh/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Maigh/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First, let's review. We've been getting a lot of updates to cancer screening tests lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pap Smears, a screening test for cervical cancer, were recommended to be done annually, until a group of experts in prevention concluded that \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscerv.htm\" target=\"_blank\">every three years\u003c/a> was equally effective. \u003ca href=\"http://www.acog.org/About_ACOG/Announcements/New_Cervical_Cancer_Screening_Recommendations\" target=\"_blank\">Most medical groups,\u003c/a> including the American Cancer Society, agree on this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's mammography. I think everyone knows the debate around that. \u003ca href=\"http://www.acog.org/About_ACOG/News_Room/News_Releases/2011/Annual_Mammograms_Now_Recommended_for_Women_Beginning_at_Age_40\" target=\"_blank\">Every year\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm\" target=\"_blank\">every other year\u003c/a>? Starting at 40? or 50? The evidence points to every two years after age 50, although many doctors maintain younger and more often is better.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Women get them annually, even though we “lack data” that they do much for us.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But this latest one -- about pelvic exams -- caught me by surprise. It turns out there's really not a whole lot of evidence that doing an annual pelvic exam makes any difference to a healthy woman's continuing good health. (Again, we're stressing healthy women. Women having symptoms are definitely candidates for a pelvic exam).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what the\u003ca href=\"http://www.acog.org/Resources_And_Publications/Committee_Opinions/Committee_on_Gynecologic_Practice/Well-Woman_Visit\" target=\"_blank\"> American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u003c/a> (ACOG) says about the pelvic exam, \u003cem>after\u003c/em> recommending it be done annually:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>No evidence supports or refutes the annual pelvic examination or speculum and bimanual examination for the asymptomatic, low-risk patient. An annual pelvic examination seems logical, but also lacks data to support a specific time frame or frequency of such examinations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Just take a minute with that. Women get them annually, even though we \"lack data\" that they do much for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the \"bi-manual exam\" part of the pelvic exam. That's where a doctor palpates a woman's ovaries, in part to screen for ovarian cancer. But ACOG writes that the test has \"low sensitivity\" for finding masses in the ovaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still with me? Anyone wondering why women are getting a bi-manual exam every year?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this should be news to doctors. But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159688\" target=\"_blank\">new survey from UCSF\u003c/a> shows that it is. Researchers surveyed 521 OB/GYNS across the country to assess why doctors were doing the exam. Nearly all doctors surveyed said they would perform the bi-manual screen on healthy, asymptomatic women. And here's the kicker: nearly half said they were performing the bi-manual exam \u003cem>to screen for ovarian cancer\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Jillian Henderson performed the research while at UCSF. (She's now at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research in Portland.) \"We think we're getting the exam to be told that everything's OK,\" she told me in an interview. \"But if it's not good at detecting one of the main cancers that we think that it's telling us we're OK about, we're falsely reassured.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were other caveats too. In the survey researchers asked doctors about varying types of patients, including 18-year-olds. ACOG recommends the bi-manual exam start at age 21, but 87 percent of doctors surveyed said they would perform the exam on the 18-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson was also troubled that some doctors said they would also require a woman who wanted the birth control pill to have a pelvic exam, again, despite guidelines that say it is not necessary. This creates a barrier to accessing birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson was clear that their survey was not all encompassing, pointing out that there may be reasons for the annual checkup that were not captured in the survey. \"Sometimes women want to talk to a specialist about the reproductive organs and body and sexual health,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fairness to doctors, about 80 percent of respondents said that patients expected the test. Women probably do, pointing out that we need more information. \"We need to understand a little more about what women gain from this exam and whether they really want to have this exam,\" Henderson says, \"even if it doesn't have a strong role in preventing cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a different note, about half of doctors said it was important to do the test to \"ensure adequate compensation.\" But this is not necessarily about greed, it's also a reality of the way health care is reimbursed in this country. \"We have a health care system that funds the examinations you conduct,\" Henderson said. \"I think we do need to shift toward looking at ways to fund women's contacts with health care providers that they value highly even if it's just discussions that are taking place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we're waiting for that to happen, you might want to talk with your doctor if you don't feel a need to have the bi-manual exam or any other part of the pelvic examination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/29/an-exam-with-poor-results/?ref=health\" target=\"_blank\">Questioning the Pelvic Exam\u003c/a> (New York Times)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9543\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/schoolshooting20121214.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-9543\" title=\"(Douglas Healey/Getty Images)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/12/schoolshooting20121214-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"(Douglas Healey/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Douglas Healey/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I have an 8-year-old son and an 11-year-old daughter. On Friday, like parents across the country, I was shaken. I spent part of the day\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/parents/rogers/special/scarynews.html\" target=\"_blank\"> reading tips\u003c/a> about how to talk to children about \"scary news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday afternoon, my son went to a birthday party. I figured he would not hear anything about the shootings. But it was my daughter I worried about. She watches ESPN religiously after school, and I knew there would be some mention of the tragedy. I wanted to be the one who told her about what had happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time I reached her, I was too late; she'd already heard. But she seemed oddly unaffected, leaving me conflicted. I was glad she wasn't worried, but concerned that she seemed so unmoved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then I caught KJ Dell-Antonia's \u003ca href=\"http://parenting.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/15/how-not-to-talk-with-children-about-the-sandy-hook-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\">blog yesterday\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New York Times Motherlode\u003c/em> column.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Dell-Antonia argued for saying nothing, especially to younger children. After all, she wrote, \"A child whose television comes from Disney and whose primary use of a mobile device involves throwing birds at pigs may not be inundated with information in the ways we fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents must look at their own feelings, Dell-Antonia continued, and address whether you are talking to your children for \u003cem>them\u003c/em> -- or for yourself. It's in situations like this that a parent's self-awareness is most important, as Nancy Rappaport, associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and director of school-based programs for the Cambridge Health Alliance explained in \u003cem>Motherlode\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you’re feeling panicked, and like there’s no place safe in the world, then that’s a good time to step back and get those thoughts in order,” Dr. Rappaport suggested. “But if we try to wait until we’ve fully come to terms with something like this, then we’ll never be able to talk. In fact, we’d never be able to get out of bed in the morning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She brought up a strategy that’s commonly used for anxiety in children: “worried thought, brave thought.” “We teach kids to counter a worried thought with a brave thought,” she said, and to “know that although the worried thought may come back, the brave thoughts are always there as well.” A worried thought might be “A shooter will come to my children’s school and there is nothing I can do about it,” with the brave counter “School shootings are still rare, and countless people are working to make them rarer still.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But for the kids who are aware, but not obviously worried, Dell-Antonia included another great piece of insight:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Most kids are pretty self-centered,” Nancy Rappaport [said]. “Some may be more vulnerable to these kinds of fears, but many may just say, ‘Oh, that’s too bad,’ and move on.” This is a reaction that’s hard to understand for an adult, but fine, Dr. Rappaport said, for children whose focus is still naturally on themselves.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It turned out my daughter was not completely focused on herself after all. On Sunday at church, it rapidly became apparent that the sermon would be devoted to Newtown. My daughter looked at me, somewhat distressed, and said distinctly, \"I don't want to hear this, Mommy. Can I wait in the back?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I walked her to another part of the church where she could wait -- while adults in the sanctuary grieved.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "I have an 8-year-old son and an 11-year-old daughter. On Friday, like parents across the country, I was shaken. I spent part of the day reading tips about how to talk to children about \"scary news.\"\r\n\r\nFriday afternoon, my son went to a birthday party. I figured he would not hear anything about the shootings. But it was my daughter I worried about. She watches ESPN religiously after school, and I knew there would be some mention of the tragedy. I wanted to be the one who told her about what had happened.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents must look at their own feelings, Dell-Antonia continued, and address whether you are talking to your children for \u003cem>them\u003c/em> -- or for yourself. It's in situations like this that a parent's self-awareness is most important, as Nancy Rappaport, associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and director of school-based programs for the Cambridge Health Alliance explained in \u003cem>Motherlode\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you’re feeling panicked, and like there’s no place safe in the world, then that’s a good time to step back and get those thoughts in order,” Dr. Rappaport suggested. “But if we try to wait until we’ve fully come to terms with something like this, then we’ll never be able to talk. In fact, we’d never be able to get out of bed in the morning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She brought up a strategy that’s commonly used for anxiety in children: “worried thought, brave thought.” “We teach kids to counter a worried thought with a brave thought,” she said, and to “know that although the worried thought may come back, the brave thoughts are always there as well.” A worried thought might be “A shooter will come to my children’s school and there is nothing I can do about it,” with the brave counter “School shootings are still rare, and countless people are working to make them rarer still.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But for the kids who are aware, but not obviously worried, Dell-Antonia included another great piece of insight:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Most kids are pretty self-centered,” Nancy Rappaport [said]. “Some may be more vulnerable to these kinds of fears, but many may just say, ‘Oh, that’s too bad,’ and move on.” This is a reaction that’s hard to understand for an adult, but fine, Dr. Rappaport said, for children whose focus is still naturally on themselves.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It turned out my daughter was not completely focused on herself after all. On Sunday at church, it rapidly became apparent that the sermon would be devoted to Newtown. My daughter looked at me, somewhat distressed, and said distinctly, \"I don't want to hear this, Mommy. Can I wait in the back?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I walked her to another part of the church where she could wait -- while adults in the sanctuary grieved.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
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