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"content": "\u003cp>When Angelo Quinto’s family called 911 on Dec. 23, 2020, they wanted help. Quinto, a U.S. Navy veteran, was having a mental health episode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11907746/black-and-brown-people-killed-in-police-custody-are-often-diagnosed-with-excited-delirium-thats-racism-and-junk-science-report-says\">Antioch police officers\u003c/a> arrived at the home and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB_tR-V9X-M\">pinned Quinto\u003c/a> facedown on his mother’s bedroom floor. She says they handcuffed him and put a knee on the back of his neck for several minutes until he became unresponsive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coroner declared \u003ca href=\"https://www.contracosta.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/76190/Angelo-Quinto-LEIFI-Report-Final\">the cause of death (PDF)\u003c/a> “excited delirium.” The controversial term describes a \u003ca href=\"https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/excited-delirium-and-the-dual-response-preventing-in-custody-deaths\">range of symptoms\u003c/a>, from confusion to rapid breathing to fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The physical evidence, however, showed asphyxiation. No officers were charged for his death. Quinto’s mother, Cassandra Quinto-Collins, was in the room the whole time and watched her son stop breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not make any sense,” Quinto-Collins said. “But they get away with it. Do they think all the people are stupid, that they don’t understand what’s going on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Bella Quinto-Collins, Angelo Quinto’s sister\"]‘This is something that happens far too often. And not everybody is as fortunate as us in these circumstances to feel empowered enough to speak up or have the support of their immediate family to speak up.’[/pullquote]The Quinto-Collins family started working toward legislation that would prevent this from happening to other families, eventually collaborating with Assemblymember Mike Gipson (D-Gardena), a former police officer, to introduce \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB360/id/2756384\">AB 360\u003c/a>, which Gov. Gavin Newsom signed into law earlier in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something that happens far too often,” said Bella Quinto-Collins, Quinto’s sister. “And not everybody is as fortunate as us in these circumstances to feel empowered enough to speak up or have the support of their immediate family to speak up. It was just really important to us that we shared the truth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new law bans the use of “excited delirium” in a coroner’s report, a police report or a lawsuit. The bill passed almost unanimously and without any registered opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was indisputable,” Gipson said. “When all the major, professional credible scientists — and those who study and license — say that this doesn’t exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Stories on California Law' tag='california-law']The American College of Emergency Physicians recently voted to discredit “excited delirium” as a medical syndrome, meaning no major American medical association is endorsing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kelly Seyarto (R-Murrieta), who gave the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB360\">lone “no” vote\u003c/a> on the California bill, did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Excited delirium” first surfaced as a term of use in the 1980s in Miami, when a forensic pathologist named Dr. Charles Wetli used it to explain \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4031813/\">away the deaths of individuals in police custody by their use of cocaine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warned of “bizarre and violent behavior” and determined that 12 Black women, presumed sex workers, had died of “excited delirium.” (A \u003ca href=\"https://phr.org/our-work/resources/excited-delirium/\">later investigation found\u003c/a> a serial killer had asphyxiated the women.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term soon made its way into police training materials, describing men in their 30s with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/media/publications/acep_report_on_excited_delirium_syndrome_sept_2009.pdf\">superhuman strength (PDF)\u003c/a>” who were impervious to pain. The use of tasers, ketamine and positional restraints was recommended to subdue them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did the idea of “excited delirium” gain acceptance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really we can credit a small cohort of medical experts who often work as experts for law enforcement or for TASER International weapons manufacturer,” said Joanna Naples-Mitchell, U.S. research advisor for Physicians for Human Rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the deaths in police custody that were attributed to “excited delirium,” studies showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.virginialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Obasogie_Book_107.pdf\">more than half (PDF)\u003c/a> were of people of color — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669776/\">90% involved restraint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very convenient,” said Dr. Altaf Saadi, a neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and assistant professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School. “It just puts together a whole host of different symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Bella Quinto-Collins, Angelo Quinto’s sister\"]‘It may not have helped our case. But it’s going to help the next Angelos, and the next family, so they won’t go through what we’re going through right now.’[/pullquote]Saadi said health professionals should be sent out on 911 calls, in case someone who is perceived to be experiencing “excited delirium” in fact has mental health issues that need to be addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said some restraint methods — like pressing down on a person’s back, as the Antioch officers did to Quinto — have been shown to cause serious issues, from stroke to cognitive issues to potential death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law goes into effect Jan. 1, 2024. The Quinto-Collins family is relieved that “excited delirium” will no longer be recognized in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may not have helped our case,” Quinto-Collins said. “But it’s going to help the next Angelos, and the next family, so they won’t go through what we’re going through right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The American College of Emergency Physicians recently voted to discredit “excited delirium” as a medical syndrome, meaning no major American medical association is endorsing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kelly Seyarto (R-Murrieta), who gave the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB360\">lone “no” vote\u003c/a> on the California bill, did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Excited delirium” first surfaced as a term of use in the 1980s in Miami, when a forensic pathologist named Dr. Charles Wetli used it to explain \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4031813/\">away the deaths of individuals in police custody by their use of cocaine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warned of “bizarre and violent behavior” and determined that 12 Black women, presumed sex workers, had died of “excited delirium.” (A \u003ca href=\"https://phr.org/our-work/resources/excited-delirium/\">later investigation found\u003c/a> a serial killer had asphyxiated the women.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term soon made its way into police training materials, describing men in their 30s with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/media/publications/acep_report_on_excited_delirium_syndrome_sept_2009.pdf\">superhuman strength (PDF)\u003c/a>” who were impervious to pain. The use of tasers, ketamine and positional restraints was recommended to subdue them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did the idea of “excited delirium” gain acceptance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really we can credit a small cohort of medical experts who often work as experts for law enforcement or for TASER International weapons manufacturer,” said Joanna Naples-Mitchell, U.S. research advisor for Physicians for Human Rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the deaths in police custody that were attributed to “excited delirium,” studies showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.virginialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Obasogie_Book_107.pdf\">more than half (PDF)\u003c/a> were of people of color — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669776/\">90% involved restraint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very convenient,” said Dr. Altaf Saadi, a neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and assistant professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School. “It just puts together a whole host of different symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It may not have helped our case. But it’s going to help the next Angelos, and the next family, so they won’t go through what we’re going through right now.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Saadi said health professionals should be sent out on 911 calls, in case someone who is perceived to be experiencing “excited delirium” in fact has mental health issues that need to be addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said some restraint methods — like pressing down on a person’s back, as the Antioch officers did to Quinto — have been shown to cause serious issues, from stroke to cognitive issues to potential death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law goes into effect Jan. 1, 2024. The Quinto-Collins family is relieved that “excited delirium” will no longer be recognized in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may not have helped our case,” Quinto-Collins said. “But it’s going to help the next Angelos, and the next family, so they won’t go through what we’re going through right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Both housing and climate change are huge problems that seem in many ways unsolvable. As a result, many of us feel so powerless or discouraged that we turn away. The third season of KQED’s podcast Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America, tells the stories of people who cannot turn away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our reporters have traveled across the state, listening to stories of Californians who are fighting to make a home here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC5961654916&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ll hear from a teenager whose family fled Pajaro following ferocious winter flooding only to struggle to find an affordable place to live. You’ll hear from a mom living on the streets of Fresno, fighting to keep her son from baking during summer heat waves even as temperatures soared north of 110 degrees Fahrenheit. And there’s the story of a group of neighbors along one block in Oakland, who have banded together to try and ditch their gasoline appliances and electrify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We look at efforts to lower risk for homeowners in wildfire country, where the widespread loss of home insurance is rattling communities at their foundations. We also examine how San Jose is trying to build more infill housing, and in the process atone for California’s total devotion to sprawling suburbs and single family homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The season is anchored by KQED Housing Correspondent Erin Baldassari, who brings us into her own story as she grapples with whether it’s safe to move her family back home to the fire-prone Sierra Nevada foothills where she grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the thing about climate and housing: the two problems are thoroughly intertwined. It’s just that, individually, they are so big and unwieldy that we don’t often consider how they compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soaring cost of living pushes Californians out of cities and into the path of floods and fires. It also forces millions to drive more and emit more carbon pollution, further warming the planet. When disaster does strike, and people must flee, there’s nowhere affordable left for them to go. For many, it’s a fast track to homelessness — a state that, as one homelessness expert told reporter Vanessa Rancaño, is “on the bleeding edge” of this climate emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s be clear about what this project is not: it’s not a postmortem on the California Dream, one of those California-Is-Burning-Up or I’m-Fleeing-California stories. This is our attempt to do the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stare straight into the headlights of two seemingly intractable problems, and shepherd out the solutions from the people who are actively working to protect their communities.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Both housing and climate change are huge problems that seem in many ways unsolvable. As a result, many of us feel so powerless or discouraged that we turn away. The third season of KQED’s podcast Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America, tells the stories of people who cannot turn away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our reporters have traveled across the state, listening to stories of Californians who are fighting to make a home here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC5961654916&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ll hear from a teenager whose family fled Pajaro following ferocious winter flooding only to struggle to find an affordable place to live. You’ll hear from a mom living on the streets of Fresno, fighting to keep her son from baking during summer heat waves even as temperatures soared north of 110 degrees Fahrenheit. And there’s the story of a group of neighbors along one block in Oakland, who have banded together to try and ditch their gasoline appliances and electrify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We look at efforts to lower risk for homeowners in wildfire country, where the widespread loss of home insurance is rattling communities at their foundations. We also examine how San Jose is trying to build more infill housing, and in the process atone for California’s total devotion to sprawling suburbs and single family homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The season is anchored by KQED Housing Correspondent Erin Baldassari, who brings us into her own story as she grapples with whether it’s safe to move her family back home to the fire-prone Sierra Nevada foothills where she grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the thing about climate and housing: the two problems are thoroughly intertwined. It’s just that, individually, they are so big and unwieldy that we don’t often consider how they compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soaring cost of living pushes Californians out of cities and into the path of floods and fires. It also forces millions to drive more and emit more carbon pollution, further warming the planet. When disaster does strike, and people must flee, there’s nowhere affordable left for them to go. For many, it’s a fast track to homelessness — a state that, as one homelessness expert told reporter Vanessa Rancaño, is “on the bleeding edge” of this climate emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s be clear about what this project is not: it’s not a postmortem on the California Dream, one of those California-Is-Burning-Up or I’m-Fleeing-California stories. This is our attempt to do the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stare straight into the headlights of two seemingly intractable problems, and shepherd out the solutions from the people who are actively working to protect their communities.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s been a while since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1914768/live-blog-the-great-american-solar-eclipse\">the last solar eclipse, which swept the U.S. from Oregon eastward \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in 2017\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, briefly darkening the day for the thousands of people who planned ahead and put themselves in the path of the moon’s shadow. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump to: \u003ca href=\"#ringoffireeclipsetime\">What time can I see this weekend’s annular solar eclipse in the Bay Area?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With all that’s happened in the interim, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1914933/video-photos-totality-eclipse\">that solar eclipse six years ago\u003c/a> may feel like ancient history now. But we’re about to enter a remarkable season of solar eclipses that will be visible from most of the country. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In particular, mark your calendar for April 8, 2024, when a major total solar eclipse will cut from Texas to Maine. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But thankfully, we don’t have to wait that long to see a partial solar eclipse — because one’s right around the corner on Saturday, October 14, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/13/1205286727/heres-how-you-can-see-saturdays-ring-of-fire-solar-eclipse\">a striking “ring of fire” effect will be visible to certain eclipse watchers\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>When is Saturday’s annular solar eclipse happening?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984363\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 728px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984363\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/Clipboard01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"729\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/Clipboard01.jpg 728w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/Clipboard01-160x160.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map showing the path of the Oct. 14, 2023 annular solar eclipse. The path of greatest eclipse is shown in red, and the surrounding grid shows the amount of partial blockage by location (example, 0.80 = 80%) \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the morning of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eclipses/2023/oct-14-annular/where-when/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saturday, October 14\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an eclipse will darken the sky, coming ashore at the central Oregon coast, clipping across northern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and New Mexico, and finally through south central Texas, departing into the Gulf of Mexico through San Antonio and Corpus Christi.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After that, the moon’s shadow will sweep over the Yucatán peninsula and Central America, then cut across Colombia and Brazil before diminishing into the Atlantic Ocean.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This will be an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eclipses/about-eclipses/types/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">annular eclipse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> — an “almost” total solar eclipse — that takes place when the moon is farther from Earth than average, and its disk isn’t large enough to completely cover the sun.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 938px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"938\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13.jpg 938w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Partial phase of an annular solar eclipse in 2012, as seen from Chabot Space & Science Center. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Conrad Jung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you live along the central path of the eclipse, you will see the moon block off most of the sun, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/how-to-watch-annular-solar-eclipse-ring-of-fire-october-14\">a thin outline of sunlight will peek out around the perimeter in a bright ring\u003c/a>, or annulus. \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/2023-annular-eclipse-guide\">See where you’d be able to see this famous “ring of fire” effect.\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"ringoffireeclipsetime\">\u003c/a>Can I see the annular solar eclipse in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No matter where you are in the U.S. you will see at least a partial solar eclipse, with the moon obscuring some percentage of the sun from view and forming a bright crescent. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The closer an observer’s location to the central path, the more of the sun will be blocked and the darker the day will get.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984356\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 938px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"938\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7.jpg 938w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar eclipse viewing event at Chabot Space & Science Center in 2012. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Conrad Jung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here in the Bay Area the partial eclipse begins a few minutes after 8 a.m. But unless you’re viewing it through special sun-safe telescope equipment, you won’t notice anything at first.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By 8:30 a.m. you will easily notice it, as if a bite were taken from the edge of the sun. And f\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or the Bay Area, maximum eclipse happens at 9:19 a.m., when 78% of the sun will be blocked — and the day will noticeably darken. (Remember: \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/2023-annular-eclipse-guide\">we won’t see that “ring of fire” here in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to safely observe the annular eclipse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you’re planning to witness the eclipse with your own eyes, be careful not to look directly at the sun, even when it is being blocked by the moon. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why? There’s still enough brightness and ultraviolet radiation in even a small glint of sunlight to damage your eyes if you stare at it directly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best way to observe a solar eclipse is either through special darkened filters (ordinary sunglasses will not protect your eyes), or by projecting an image of the sun with a small telescope.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 938px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984357\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"938\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2.jpg 938w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteer at Chabot Space & Science Center projecting an image of a solar eclipse in 2012. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Conrad Jung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A word of caution: Never point a telescope at the sun — even to project its image — unless you know how to do it safely. And never look directly at the sun through an ordinary telescope.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Safe \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eclipseglasses.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sun-viewing glasses\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be purchased online for a few dollars. Make sure to place your order early enough to get them before the eclipse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also find instructions on the internet for building a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/learn/project/how-to-make-a-pinhole-camera/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pinhole camera projector\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> — which can be as simple as casting a shadow on a piece of white paper with something that has small holes in it, like a cooking colander or a cheese grater. (Or even a clenched fist.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984355\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984355\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520183226.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520183226.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520183226-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Casting a tiny spot of sunlight through a ‘pinhole’ forms an image of the sun — or in this picture, the crescent of a partial solar eclipse. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Jon Braidman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another thing to watch for during the eclipse is the fun dance of the shadows. Look in the shadows of things like bushes and trees during the eclipse and you may find a spray of tiny crescents scattered where rays of sunlight slip through.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520182515.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520182515.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520182515-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dozens of ‘pinhole images’ of a partial solar eclipse seen in spots of light projected between the leaves of a tree. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Jon Braidman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each crescent you see is a tiny image of the sun and moon engaged in their eclipsing dance!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning ahead: What do I need to know about the solar eclipse in April 2024?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">October’s annular eclipse will give us a taste of the experience of a total solar eclipse: One of the most breathtaking celestial events seen from the surface of the Earth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eclipses/2024/apr-8-total/where-when/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next April\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a total solar eclipse will take place along a narrow strip of North America, starting in Mexico and heading northeast through Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, New York, Vermont and Maine.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you want to stand in the total shadow of the moon, book your hotel rooms now — if you can find any vacancies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story was originally published on October 6.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Find out the path of this weekend's eclipse, and the best way to view it.",
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"title": "How to Safely View the Annular Solar Eclipse | KQED",
"description": "Learn where and how to view the rare annular solar eclipse, also known as the "ring of fire." Get tips for safe viewing and the best locations to watch.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s been a while since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1914768/live-blog-the-great-american-solar-eclipse\">the last solar eclipse, which swept the U.S. from Oregon eastward \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in 2017\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, briefly darkening the day for the thousands of people who planned ahead and put themselves in the path of the moon’s shadow. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump to: \u003ca href=\"#ringoffireeclipsetime\">What time can I see this weekend’s annular solar eclipse in the Bay Area?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With all that’s happened in the interim, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1914933/video-photos-totality-eclipse\">that solar eclipse six years ago\u003c/a> may feel like ancient history now. But we’re about to enter a remarkable season of solar eclipses that will be visible from most of the country. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In particular, mark your calendar for April 8, 2024, when a major total solar eclipse will cut from Texas to Maine. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But thankfully, we don’t have to wait that long to see a partial solar eclipse — because one’s right around the corner on Saturday, October 14, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/13/1205286727/heres-how-you-can-see-saturdays-ring-of-fire-solar-eclipse\">a striking “ring of fire” effect will be visible to certain eclipse watchers\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>When is Saturday’s annular solar eclipse happening?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984363\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 728px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984363\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/Clipboard01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"729\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/Clipboard01.jpg 728w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/Clipboard01-160x160.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map showing the path of the Oct. 14, 2023 annular solar eclipse. The path of greatest eclipse is shown in red, and the surrounding grid shows the amount of partial blockage by location (example, 0.80 = 80%) \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the morning of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eclipses/2023/oct-14-annular/where-when/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saturday, October 14\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an eclipse will darken the sky, coming ashore at the central Oregon coast, clipping across northern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and New Mexico, and finally through south central Texas, departing into the Gulf of Mexico through San Antonio and Corpus Christi.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After that, the moon’s shadow will sweep over the Yucatán peninsula and Central America, then cut across Colombia and Brazil before diminishing into the Atlantic Ocean.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This will be an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eclipses/about-eclipses/types/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">annular eclipse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> — an “almost” total solar eclipse — that takes place when the moon is farther from Earth than average, and its disk isn’t large enough to completely cover the sun.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 938px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"938\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13.jpg 938w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-13-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Partial phase of an annular solar eclipse in 2012, as seen from Chabot Space & Science Center. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Conrad Jung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you live along the central path of the eclipse, you will see the moon block off most of the sun, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/how-to-watch-annular-solar-eclipse-ring-of-fire-october-14\">a thin outline of sunlight will peek out around the perimeter in a bright ring\u003c/a>, or annulus. \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/2023-annular-eclipse-guide\">See where you’d be able to see this famous “ring of fire” effect.\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"ringoffireeclipsetime\">\u003c/a>Can I see the annular solar eclipse in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No matter where you are in the U.S. you will see at least a partial solar eclipse, with the moon obscuring some percentage of the sun from view and forming a bright crescent. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The closer an observer’s location to the central path, the more of the sun will be blocked and the darker the day will get.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984356\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 938px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"938\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7.jpg 938w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-7-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar eclipse viewing event at Chabot Space & Science Center in 2012. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Conrad Jung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here in the Bay Area the partial eclipse begins a few minutes after 8 a.m. But unless you’re viewing it through special sun-safe telescope equipment, you won’t notice anything at first.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By 8:30 a.m. you will easily notice it, as if a bite were taken from the edge of the sun. And f\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or the Bay Area, maximum eclipse happens at 9:19 a.m., when 78% of the sun will be blocked — and the day will noticeably darken. (Remember: \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/2023-annular-eclipse-guide\">we won’t see that “ring of fire” here in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to safely observe the annular eclipse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you’re planning to witness the eclipse with your own eyes, be careful not to look directly at the sun, even when it is being blocked by the moon. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why? There’s still enough brightness and ultraviolet radiation in even a small glint of sunlight to damage your eyes if you stare at it directly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best way to observe a solar eclipse is either through special darkened filters (ordinary sunglasses will not protect your eyes), or by projecting an image of the sun with a small telescope.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 938px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984357\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"938\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2.jpg 938w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/cjungMay20eclipse-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteer at Chabot Space & Science Center projecting an image of a solar eclipse in 2012. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Conrad Jung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A word of caution: Never point a telescope at the sun — even to project its image — unless you know how to do it safely. And never look directly at the sun through an ordinary telescope.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Safe \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eclipseglasses.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sun-viewing glasses\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be purchased online for a few dollars. Make sure to place your order early enough to get them before the eclipse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also find instructions on the internet for building a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/learn/project/how-to-make-a-pinhole-camera/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pinhole camera projector\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> — which can be as simple as casting a shadow on a piece of white paper with something that has small holes in it, like a cooking colander or a cheese grater. (Or even a clenched fist.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984355\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984355\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520183226.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520183226.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520183226-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Casting a tiny spot of sunlight through a ‘pinhole’ forms an image of the sun — or in this picture, the crescent of a partial solar eclipse. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Jon Braidman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another thing to watch for during the eclipse is the fun dance of the shadows. Look in the shadows of things like bushes and trees during the eclipse and you may find a spray of tiny crescents scattered where rays of sunlight slip through.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520182515.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520182515.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/20120520182515-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dozens of ‘pinhole images’ of a partial solar eclipse seen in spots of light projected between the leaves of a tree. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center / Jon Braidman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each crescent you see is a tiny image of the sun and moon engaged in their eclipsing dance!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning ahead: What do I need to know about the solar eclipse in April 2024?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">October’s annular eclipse will give us a taste of the experience of a total solar eclipse: One of the most breathtaking celestial events seen from the surface of the Earth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eclipses/2024/apr-8-total/where-when/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next April\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a total solar eclipse will take place along a narrow strip of North America, starting in Mexico and heading northeast through Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, New York, Vermont and Maine.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you want to stand in the total shadow of the moon, book your hotel rooms now — if you can find any vacancies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story was originally published on October 6.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "This Was a Good Year for Prescribed Burns. Why Didn't California Do More?",
"headTitle": "This Was a Good Year for Prescribed Burns. Why Didn’t California Do More? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For forest managers to conduct prescribed burns, weather conditions have to be just right: not too hot or windy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not too damp, but also not too dry. Just right, Goldilocks, in the middle,” said UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, experts say more prescribed burning is needed across California to prevent out-of-control megafires. That fact is even more pronounced in cool, wet years like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mild weather conditions provided the perfect backdrop for fire agencies to conduct large-scale controlled burns, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973196/the-karuk-used-fire-to-manage-the-forest-for-centuries-now-they-want-to-do-that-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">help prevent\u003c/a> extreme wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most days this year that were favorable for it, there really wasn’t much-prescribed fire activity,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prescribed burning is expected to get harder with climate change. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-00993-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New research\u003c/a> shows the number of safe burn days across the West is expected to drop by 17% by the year 2060. The Bay Area could lose as many as 30 ideal burn days each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re already not doing enough, and climate change is going to come along and make it significantly harder, then what hope do we have for really scaling this up in the way that many ecologists and fire scientists think we should be doing?” said Swain, who co-authored the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gregg Bratcher, division chief, Cal Fire\"]‘This year was rough. By the time we were getting windows to actually get some prescribed fire done, we were walking into fire season.’[/pullquote]For a century, California has suppressed wildfires. Today, the state’s forests are overgrown and littered with fuel — primed to burn. Ecologists and Indigenous tribal groups have long criticized forest managers for not using “good fire,” as it’s sometimes called, to help keep forests in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The floors are littered with trees and brush and invasive species that have taken over,” said Yurok tribe member Elizabeth Azzuz. “When that happens, it kills all the native and indigenous plants in the understory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzuz directs Indigenous and family burning for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.culturalfire.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cultural Fire Management Council\u003c/a> and facilitates controlled burns on Yurok tribal land located in far Northern California along the Klamath Basin. Typically, they can only conduct two burns per year. But this year, given the weather, they managed to squeeze in one additional burn in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s rare that we get a June burn window, very rare,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s fire agency did conduct prescribed burns this year — though fewer than normal, said Gregg Bratcher, who oversees Cal Fire’s prescribed fire program in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year was rough,” he said. “By the time we were getting windows to actually get some prescribed fire done, we were walking into fire season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=arts_13925067 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2023/02/DSC04885-1020x680.jpg']While the climate models may have shown wide open windows for controlled burns, Bratcher said the rainy, wet winter and spring months made it difficult to light fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lost a lot of burn days because it was just too wet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that rain did tamp down California’s wildfire season this year. The state experienced far fewer and less destructive fires. Lightning touched off some of the biggest ones that burned across remote areas in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to safe weather conditions and their remoteness, forest managers and tribes allowed them to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fires have been doing really important work,” said Tony Marks-Block, ecological anthropologist at CSU East Bay, adding that these types of ecologically beneficial fire have been largely eliminated by fire suppression since last century. “In future years when lightning strikes again, or there’s an accidental fire initiated by a person, that fire will not be as extreme because there’s less fuel to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from those fires did drift down and dirty the air across the Bay Area for several days in September. Marks-Block said these kinds of low severity fires can produce poor air quality but “they reduce the likelihood of future catastrophic fire events and longer periods of poor air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians might need to get used to shorter periods of semi-regular, smoky conditions to avoid weeks-long stretches of choking, hazardous air like the Bay Area lived through during the firestorms of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, Cal Fire’s Bratcher said the agency may have to rely more on managing the forest by hand during wet years like this one, using chainsaws and wood chippers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The landscape will dictate what tools in the toolbox we can use,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While prescribed burning is one of the best ways to manage the forests, they can’t rely on it exclusively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For forest managers to conduct prescribed burns, weather conditions have to be just right: not too hot or windy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not too damp, but also not too dry. Just right, Goldilocks, in the middle,” said UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, experts say more prescribed burning is needed across California to prevent out-of-control megafires. That fact is even more pronounced in cool, wet years like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mild weather conditions provided the perfect backdrop for fire agencies to conduct large-scale controlled burns, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973196/the-karuk-used-fire-to-manage-the-forest-for-centuries-now-they-want-to-do-that-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">help prevent\u003c/a> extreme wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most days this year that were favorable for it, there really wasn’t much-prescribed fire activity,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prescribed burning is expected to get harder with climate change. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-00993-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New research\u003c/a> shows the number of safe burn days across the West is expected to drop by 17% by the year 2060. The Bay Area could lose as many as 30 ideal burn days each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re already not doing enough, and climate change is going to come along and make it significantly harder, then what hope do we have for really scaling this up in the way that many ecologists and fire scientists think we should be doing?” said Swain, who co-authored the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For a century, California has suppressed wildfires. Today, the state’s forests are overgrown and littered with fuel — primed to burn. Ecologists and Indigenous tribal groups have long criticized forest managers for not using “good fire,” as it’s sometimes called, to help keep forests in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The floors are littered with trees and brush and invasive species that have taken over,” said Yurok tribe member Elizabeth Azzuz. “When that happens, it kills all the native and indigenous plants in the understory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzuz directs Indigenous and family burning for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.culturalfire.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cultural Fire Management Council\u003c/a> and facilitates controlled burns on Yurok tribal land located in far Northern California along the Klamath Basin. Typically, they can only conduct two burns per year. But this year, given the weather, they managed to squeeze in one additional burn in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s rare that we get a June burn window, very rare,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s fire agency did conduct prescribed burns this year — though fewer than normal, said Gregg Bratcher, who oversees Cal Fire’s prescribed fire program in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year was rough,” he said. “By the time we were getting windows to actually get some prescribed fire done, we were walking into fire season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>While the climate models may have shown wide open windows for controlled burns, Bratcher said the rainy, wet winter and spring months made it difficult to light fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lost a lot of burn days because it was just too wet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that rain did tamp down California’s wildfire season this year. The state experienced far fewer and less destructive fires. Lightning touched off some of the biggest ones that burned across remote areas in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to safe weather conditions and their remoteness, forest managers and tribes allowed them to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fires have been doing really important work,” said Tony Marks-Block, ecological anthropologist at CSU East Bay, adding that these types of ecologically beneficial fire have been largely eliminated by fire suppression since last century. “In future years when lightning strikes again, or there’s an accidental fire initiated by a person, that fire will not be as extreme because there’s less fuel to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from those fires did drift down and dirty the air across the Bay Area for several days in September. Marks-Block said these kinds of low severity fires can produce poor air quality but “they reduce the likelihood of future catastrophic fire events and longer periods of poor air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians might need to get used to shorter periods of semi-regular, smoky conditions to avoid weeks-long stretches of choking, hazardous air like the Bay Area lived through during the firestorms of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, Cal Fire’s Bratcher said the agency may have to rely more on managing the forest by hand during wet years like this one, using chainsaws and wood chippers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The landscape will dictate what tools in the toolbox we can use,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While prescribed burning is one of the best ways to manage the forests, they can’t rely on it exclusively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nesrin Tarablosi is the founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/adventuremamaof3/\">Adventure Mama of 3\u003c/a>, an Instagram page where she shares her tips for exploring the outdoors with her three kids. Tarablosi has always loved the outdoors, but previously felt like she needed someone with her for protection, a feeling that held her back for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She cherishes her memories of spending time with her father watching a sunrise, or running on the beach. But a few years ago her father suffered a stroke, was in an induced coma for about a month, and never returned to his normal state. This was around the same time Tarablosi gave birth, and was experiencing postpartum depression alongside grief from her father’s condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this period, at her lowest point, she thought to herself: “There’s no way I can heal from this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She got into her car and decided to embark on a solo hike. She drove from San José to Point Reyes National Seashore. When she arrived, it was close to sunset, and the doubts crept in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember seeing a ranger in the parking lot and I’m just like, ‘Oh my God, what am I doing?’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She decided to proceed and the ranger recommended the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/hike-to-divide-meadow.htm\">Divide Meadows trail\u003c/a>, which meanders from the Bear Valley trailhead to Bear Valley Creek, toward a meadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarablosi recalls asking the ranger: “How do I know what the Divide Meadow trail is?” He said: “Trust me, you’re going to know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we got there, I saw this big opening with the cloud[s] just coming in over the trees, and it just completely took my breath away,” Tarablosi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember coming back from that hike, and I just felt completely uplifted,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/CxDhmlNLfFt/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s hiking a trail or simply sitting on the grass while enjoying a good book, we’ve all experienced that dose of happiness that comes from spending time in nature. What is it about immersing ourselves in nature that makes us feel so good? It turns out, there’s some fascinating science behind those feelings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What the research suggests: Just 20 minutes in blue spaces might do the trick\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Spending time in nature has positive effects on both short-term and long-term mental health outcomes and can improve the quality of life, according to \u003ca href=\"https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/342931/9789289055666-eng.pdf\">researchers at the World Health Organization (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='mindshift_50949,science_1984306,news_11910495' label='Related coverage']In fact, spending time in forests, parks, gardens, or coastlines can even reduce climate anxiety, according to the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have demonstrated that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935120307076?via%3Dihub\">just 20 minutes in blue spaces\u003c/a>, near the water swimming in a lake, soaking in a river, or splashing in the ocean’s waves can positively impact our mental well-being and physical activity levels. Residents living in neighborhoods with parks and other green spaces or along the coast report \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-87675-0\">better overall health\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might have heard of nature rituals such as the Japanese practice known as shinrin-yoku or “\u003ca href=\"https://develop.kqed.org/mindshift/50949/suffering-from-nature-deficit-disorder-try-forest-bathing\">forest bathing\u003c/a>,” which involves spending extended periods of time with trees to reap their many health benefits. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6589172/\">Research\u003c/a> has shown that this practice can reduce stress, anxiety, depression and anger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nature helps your brain relax and restore\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Being out in nature has a restorative effect on individuals living in cities. Bustling urban life \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2\">can lead to mental fatigue\u003c/a>, consume our brain energy, and leave people stressed out, according to Dr. Nooshin Razani, a pediatrician, clinical scientist, and associate professor at UCSF, where she directs the Center for Nature and Health. The organization’s mission is to improve children’s health and well-being through connections with nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature captures our attention effortlessly, helping to relax our brains and, over time, enhance our creativity. Within just minutes of being immersed in a natural environment, many people \u003ca href=\"https://positivepsychology.com/attention-restoration-theory/\">can restore their attention\u003c/a> leading to an improved state of mind. Nature has also been proven to help improve working memory, which helps the brain with tasks like learning, problem-solving and reasoning, according to Razani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Preethi Chandrasekhar, content creator and founder, Outdoorsy South Asians\"]‘It was magical. It didn’t feel judgmental. It felt very freeing.’[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/eagertravele/\">Preethi Chandrasekhar\u003c/a>, a content creator and founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/658280768830411/\">Outdoorsy South Asians\u003c/a>, moved to the U.S. as a child and had to grapple with fitting into a new culture and navigating life in the Midwest as a pre-teen at an all-white school. “Because I had been made fun of so much in school for being a different color, I honestly didn’t want to be who I was,” she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her passion for the outdoors began as an adult, as a way to “get out of my own head,” she said. It all started on a backpacking trip with friends one summer in the Inyo National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/CsEYlmZRF3O/?img_index=2\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While immersing herself in nature, she discovered solace, self-confidence and acceptance. “It was magical. It didn’t feel judgmental. It felt very freeing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It genuinely allowed me to meet myself for the first time and also learn to start liking myself and then accepting myself just the way that I was,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people are in nature, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700709/full\">feel more connected to natural life cycles\u003c/a> and to animals and plants. “We are part of a larger family and plants and animals are a part of that family,” said Razani. People have reported feeling less lonely and more connected when they are in natural spaces according to Razani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could even be a connection to yourself, like being more physically present in your body at that time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Happiness hormones are released when we’re in nature\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Being in a natural environment changes our brain chemistry, tweaking chemicals like dopamine and serotonin that affect how we feel, flooding our bodies with positive signals, according to Dr. Leticia Márquez-Magaña, a scientist and professor of biology at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other factors can also help make a person feel happy, including being with loved ones, or feeling a sense of service, said Márquez-Magaña.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being in nature can also help people \u003ca href=\"https://ggsc.berkeley.edu/images/uploads/GGSC-JTF_White_Paper-Awe_FINAL.pdf\">experience awe (PDF)\u003c/a>. “Being in a state of awe triggers hormonal reactions that are important for well-being,” Márquez-Magaña said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deandre Latour felt that sense of awe as a child when he first experienced snow, hail and sunshine all in a single day during his visit to Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Leslie Hammer, clinical social worker and ecotherapist\"]‘When we are in a relationship with the land, water, sun and the plants we eat, it’s all in our nature. It’s all part of our human history to be that way and to be in those relationships.’[/pullquote]“Being so young and seeing that, not even knowing that those things could happen in one day, had a huge impact on me,” Latour said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he first started hiking, he mostly did it alone, which provided him with time to reflect. “When do you really have time to sit back, reflect on things, consider things, and see where you want to head? That’s what nature gave me, the opportunity to sit next to a waterfall or a flowing stream of water. You don’t realize how relaxing and calming that is,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says hiking played a significant role in helping him overcome depression following the loss of his parents. “When I found hiking, it was like I had something to live for all over again,” Latour said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people spend a lot of time indoors or get sucked into social media, they can feel isolated and lonely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can increase feelings of depression, according to Bita Shooshani, a queer Iranian therapist based in Oakland. “Just being outside with others breaks that sense of isolation, and isolation is often associated with mental illness,” Shooshani said. “When we’re in nature, our senses are much more engaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Latour is the founder of the Bay Area hiking community, \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/melanatedadventures_/\">Melanated Adventures\u003c/a>, a group he started to encourage folks to “discover their capabilities in new and interesting ways.” It’s also a safe space for Black people and people of color looking for a hiking community in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/CsrDOMBJ-lI/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latour started the group in 2021, aiming to share his hiking experiences with others in the community. He loves witnessing people’s reactions when they reach the summit of a hike for the first time. “It is uplifting. It keeps me going,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his experience leading groups of new hikers, he emphasizes the importance of overcoming fear. “It’s not always how you perceive it to be. Yes, it looks impossible from ground zero, ‘we’ll never make it up there.’ And yet, here we are [at the top], standing up here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Being in a relationship with nature helps with mindfulness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mindfulness — an awareness of your body and connecting to your body and mind is enhanced through nature. It’s a sensory experience that allows you to connect with what you smell, see and hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helps alter our state of mind when we go outside and connect with the greater world around us,” said Leslie Hammer, a clinical social worker and ecotherapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1984360,news_11953853,news_11953794' label='Related coverage']For children, nature provides an excellent landscape for exploration and helps them become mindful when they are playing. It’s valuable for their development, said Razani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same can be said for how nature benefits adults. Adults need to adopt a child-centric view when they’re in nature, Razani said, adding “Adults need play too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammer emphasizes that having a relationship with nature is a two-way street; as much as we enjoy nature’s benefits, we should also take care of our environment in return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we are in a relationship with the land, water, sun and the plants we eat — it’s all in our nature. It’s all part of our human history. … to be in those relationships,” Hammer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nesrin Tarablosi is the founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/adventuremamaof3/\">Adventure Mama of 3\u003c/a>, an Instagram page where she shares her tips for exploring the outdoors with her three kids. Tarablosi has always loved the outdoors, but previously felt like she needed someone with her for protection, a feeling that held her back for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She cherishes her memories of spending time with her father watching a sunrise, or running on the beach. But a few years ago her father suffered a stroke, was in an induced coma for about a month, and never returned to his normal state. This was around the same time Tarablosi gave birth, and was experiencing postpartum depression alongside grief from her father’s condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this period, at her lowest point, she thought to herself: “There’s no way I can heal from this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She got into her car and decided to embark on a solo hike. She drove from San José to Point Reyes National Seashore. When she arrived, it was close to sunset, and the doubts crept in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember seeing a ranger in the parking lot and I’m just like, ‘Oh my God, what am I doing?’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She decided to proceed and the ranger recommended the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/hike-to-divide-meadow.htm\">Divide Meadows trail\u003c/a>, which meanders from the Bear Valley trailhead to Bear Valley Creek, toward a meadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarablosi recalls asking the ranger: “How do I know what the Divide Meadow trail is?” He said: “Trust me, you’re going to know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we got there, I saw this big opening with the cloud[s] just coming in over the trees, and it just completely took my breath away,” Tarablosi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember coming back from that hike, and I just felt completely uplifted,” she said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Whether it’s hiking a trail or simply sitting on the grass while enjoying a good book, we’ve all experienced that dose of happiness that comes from spending time in nature. What is it about immersing ourselves in nature that makes us feel so good? It turns out, there’s some fascinating science behind those feelings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What the research suggests: Just 20 minutes in blue spaces might do the trick\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Spending time in nature has positive effects on both short-term and long-term mental health outcomes and can improve the quality of life, according to \u003ca href=\"https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/342931/9789289055666-eng.pdf\">researchers at the World Health Organization (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In fact, spending time in forests, parks, gardens, or coastlines can even reduce climate anxiety, according to the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have demonstrated that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935120307076?via%3Dihub\">just 20 minutes in blue spaces\u003c/a>, near the water swimming in a lake, soaking in a river, or splashing in the ocean’s waves can positively impact our mental well-being and physical activity levels. Residents living in neighborhoods with parks and other green spaces or along the coast report \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-87675-0\">better overall health\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might have heard of nature rituals such as the Japanese practice known as shinrin-yoku or “\u003ca href=\"https://develop.kqed.org/mindshift/50949/suffering-from-nature-deficit-disorder-try-forest-bathing\">forest bathing\u003c/a>,” which involves spending extended periods of time with trees to reap their many health benefits. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6589172/\">Research\u003c/a> has shown that this practice can reduce stress, anxiety, depression and anger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nature helps your brain relax and restore\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Being out in nature has a restorative effect on individuals living in cities. Bustling urban life \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2\">can lead to mental fatigue\u003c/a>, consume our brain energy, and leave people stressed out, according to Dr. Nooshin Razani, a pediatrician, clinical scientist, and associate professor at UCSF, where she directs the Center for Nature and Health. The organization’s mission is to improve children’s health and well-being through connections with nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature captures our attention effortlessly, helping to relax our brains and, over time, enhance our creativity. Within just minutes of being immersed in a natural environment, many people \u003ca href=\"https://positivepsychology.com/attention-restoration-theory/\">can restore their attention\u003c/a> leading to an improved state of mind. Nature has also been proven to help improve working memory, which helps the brain with tasks like learning, problem-solving and reasoning, according to Razani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It was magical. It didn’t feel judgmental. It felt very freeing.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/eagertravele/\">Preethi Chandrasekhar\u003c/a>, a content creator and founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/658280768830411/\">Outdoorsy South Asians\u003c/a>, moved to the U.S. as a child and had to grapple with fitting into a new culture and navigating life in the Midwest as a pre-teen at an all-white school. “Because I had been made fun of so much in school for being a different color, I honestly didn’t want to be who I was,” she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her passion for the outdoors began as an adult, as a way to “get out of my own head,” she said. It all started on a backpacking trip with friends one summer in the Inyo National Forest.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While immersing herself in nature, she discovered solace, self-confidence and acceptance. “It was magical. It didn’t feel judgmental. It felt very freeing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It genuinely allowed me to meet myself for the first time and also learn to start liking myself and then accepting myself just the way that I was,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people are in nature, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700709/full\">feel more connected to natural life cycles\u003c/a> and to animals and plants. “We are part of a larger family and plants and animals are a part of that family,” said Razani. People have reported feeling less lonely and more connected when they are in natural spaces according to Razani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could even be a connection to yourself, like being more physically present in your body at that time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Happiness hormones are released when we’re in nature\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Being in a natural environment changes our brain chemistry, tweaking chemicals like dopamine and serotonin that affect how we feel, flooding our bodies with positive signals, according to Dr. Leticia Márquez-Magaña, a scientist and professor of biology at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other factors can also help make a person feel happy, including being with loved ones, or feeling a sense of service, said Márquez-Magaña.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being in nature can also help people \u003ca href=\"https://ggsc.berkeley.edu/images/uploads/GGSC-JTF_White_Paper-Awe_FINAL.pdf\">experience awe (PDF)\u003c/a>. “Being in a state of awe triggers hormonal reactions that are important for well-being,” Márquez-Magaña said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deandre Latour felt that sense of awe as a child when he first experienced snow, hail and sunshine all in a single day during his visit to Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘When we are in a relationship with the land, water, sun and the plants we eat, it’s all in our nature. It’s all part of our human history to be that way and to be in those relationships.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Being so young and seeing that, not even knowing that those things could happen in one day, had a huge impact on me,” Latour said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he first started hiking, he mostly did it alone, which provided him with time to reflect. “When do you really have time to sit back, reflect on things, consider things, and see where you want to head? That’s what nature gave me, the opportunity to sit next to a waterfall or a flowing stream of water. You don’t realize how relaxing and calming that is,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says hiking played a significant role in helping him overcome depression following the loss of his parents. “When I found hiking, it was like I had something to live for all over again,” Latour said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people spend a lot of time indoors or get sucked into social media, they can feel isolated and lonely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can increase feelings of depression, according to Bita Shooshani, a queer Iranian therapist based in Oakland. “Just being outside with others breaks that sense of isolation, and isolation is often associated with mental illness,” Shooshani said. “When we’re in nature, our senses are much more engaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Latour is the founder of the Bay Area hiking community, \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/melanatedadventures_/\">Melanated Adventures\u003c/a>, a group he started to encourage folks to “discover their capabilities in new and interesting ways.” It’s also a safe space for Black people and people of color looking for a hiking community in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Latour started the group in 2021, aiming to share his hiking experiences with others in the community. He loves witnessing people’s reactions when they reach the summit of a hike for the first time. “It is uplifting. It keeps me going,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his experience leading groups of new hikers, he emphasizes the importance of overcoming fear. “It’s not always how you perceive it to be. Yes, it looks impossible from ground zero, ‘we’ll never make it up there.’ And yet, here we are [at the top], standing up here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Being in a relationship with nature helps with mindfulness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mindfulness — an awareness of your body and connecting to your body and mind is enhanced through nature. It’s a sensory experience that allows you to connect with what you smell, see and hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helps alter our state of mind when we go outside and connect with the greater world around us,” said Leslie Hammer, a clinical social worker and ecotherapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For children, nature provides an excellent landscape for exploration and helps them become mindful when they are playing. It’s valuable for their development, said Razani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same can be said for how nature benefits adults. Adults need to adopt a child-centric view when they’re in nature, Razani said, adding “Adults need play too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammer emphasizes that having a relationship with nature is a two-way street; as much as we enjoy nature’s benefits, we should also take care of our environment in return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we are in a relationship with the land, water, sun and the plants we eat — it’s all in our nature. It’s all part of our human history. … to be in those relationships,” Hammer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Can Scientists Calculate a Carbon Footprint for Drugs?",
"headTitle": "Can Scientists Calculate a Carbon Footprint for Drugs? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Anyone picking up a prescription from their pharmacy is used to the reams of paper that typically accompany it: information on safety, storing, and how to use the drug. What if that information also included your medicine’s carbon footprint?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are trying to calculate those footprints, as part of a growing effort to understand biotech and pharmaceutical companies’ contributions to climate change. While overall estimates suggest this industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.mygreenlab.org/2022-carbon-impact-of-biotech--pharma-report.html\">emits millions of tons of carbon dioxide\u003c/a> each year, it’s often tough to pinpoint the exact sources of those emissions, presenting a challenge as companies seek to reduce their footprints and outside organizations seek to evaluate their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://reports.statnews.com/products/climate-rankings?variant=40219209400423\">recent STAT report\u003c/a> found that the majority of large pharmaceutical and biotech companies aren’t publicly disclosing their emissions to a global organization that sets standards for climate transparency. One key reason, experts say, is that pharma and biotech emissions can be difficult to estimate, especially for midsize and smaller companies unable to devote teams of analysts to these calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other industries, most greenhouse gas emissions come from companies’ direct activities and energy use, referred to as Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, respectively. But for pharma and biotech, about 90% of emissions come from indirect sources, falling into the Scope 3 category. These sources include emissions from the raw materials that go into drugs and devices, chemical processes that turn those raw materials into products, transporting and storing the products, their use in medical settings, and disposal, often in a landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugmakers, health care organizations, and outside research groups are increasingly focused on calculating carbon footprints for individual products. The analyses help to provide more accurate estimates of overall corporate emissions and show where there’s room for improving sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These calculations are “a priority for everyone,” said Nazneen Rahman, founder and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.yewmaker.com/\">Yewmaker\u003c/a>, a startup that is working on medical carbon-footprint research. “It’s obviously a priority for the manufacturers, because they have to reduce their … emissions. And it is a real priority for health systems” because medicines make up a significant share of their own emissions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Claire Lund, vice president for sustainability at GSK\"]‘Having product-specific footprints allows us to better understand the environmental impact of our products across their entire lifecycle.’[/pullquote]Some hospitals, for instance, want to use specific emissions data to inform which medical products they purchase, said \u003ca href=\"https://mse.vt.edu/faculty-staff/Faculty/mcginnis.html\">Sean McGinnis\u003c/a>, a professor in green engineering at Virginia Tech who specializes in these assessments. By buying more sustainable medicines, a hospital can reduce its own greenhouse gas emissions — responding to requests of administrators who are increasingly interested in “having a good carbon footprint,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pharma, GSK aims to reduce the environmental impact of its products and packaging 25% by 2030, and footprint calculations help show opportunities to cut those emissions, said Claire Lund, an \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2452223621001206\">author of research on this topic\u003c/a> and vice president for sustainability at GSK, one of the top-ranked firms in STAT’s recent report. “Having product-specific footprints allows us to better understand the environmental impact of our products across their entire lifecycle,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global health agencies are also starting to ask for these data, said Neel Lakhani, senior director of strategy and innovation at the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), which has supported research into health care sustainability. For example, health organizations in Africa might want to know if manufacturing COVID-19 vaccines locally would reduce the carbon footprint of those products, compared to shipping them from elsewhere in the world, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the data requests are growing, calculating the carbon footprint of an individual medical product can be complex. Researchers like McGinnis face challenges with obtaining data on a drug’s composition, accounting for inconsistencies in how companies report emissions data, and understanding what happens to products after they leave the factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While precise numbers may be hard to find, the carbon footprint information that we have suggests health products continue to be major contributors to climate change. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.13425\">one recent paper from Adam Cimprich\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, and colleagues, found that the annual carbon emissions from treating the occupants of a single bed at a hospital in British Columbia, Canada is about the same as for five households. The medical products used to care for patients in that bed led to a significant share of emissions, Cimprich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers interested in the carbon footprint of a medicine typically arrive at an estimate through a scientific process called life cycle assessment (or LCA). \u003ca href=\"https://seesustainability.co.uk/about-us\">Matt Sawyer\u003c/a>, a consultant specializing in environmental sustainability in health care, described the process as similar to a “cake recipe”: researchers add together many different ingredients and might arrive at an unexpected end result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each component in the recipe is a smaller-scale assessment in itself, answering questions such as: How much carbon dioxide is generated in collecting the raw materials for this medicine? How much carbon dioxide is generated from transporting those raw materials to a factory where they will be processed? How much carbon dioxide from the chemical procedures used to turn the raw materials into a medical product? How much carbon dioxide from packaging the resulting medicine, transporting it to a health care facility, storing it, giving it to a patient, discarding of the final product if some is left unused?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list of questions can be endless, so one key step in the life cycle assessment process is setting boundaries. In a course he teaches on these assessments, McGinnis typically tells students, “Draw a box around what you consider your product.” Some assessments might go all the way from raw materials to disposal, while others could focus on the activities in a factory setting. There’s no standard procedure in the pharmaceutical industry for which activities are left in or out of the box, so these choices can vary widely from one research project to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Amy Booth, doctoral candidate at Oxford University \"]‘You go through that whole chemical process with the manufacturing, and then there’s the packaging and distribution.’[/pullquote]For scientists analyzing medical products, one challenge can be the number of components and steps involved, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/team/amy-booth\">Amy Booth\u003c/a>, a doctoral candidate at Oxford University who studies environmental impacts of health care. For example, she said, compare the life cycle of a drug to that of a tomato. The \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-019-01688-6\">tomato’s life cycle\u003c/a> may include its growth on a farm or in a greenhouse (requiring water, maybe some pesticides, maybe heating), followed by packaging and distributing it for consumption, and typically ends in a human stomach. It’s a fairly straightforward, easy-to-measure process with readily available data, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugs, on the other hand, require a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other materials involved in their research, development, and manufacturing. “You go through that whole chemical process with the manufacturing, and then there’s the packaging and distribution,” Booth said. Drugs also may require different considerations for transportation and storage than food products, such as if they need to be stored in a special freezer. And drugs tend to create significant waste: All the pill bottles discarded, expired or simply unused add up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, “the more steps you have in that production process, the bigger [environmental] impact it’s going to have,” Booth said. Emissions can also vary widely depending on where a drug is made, which adds complexity. The carbon footprint of a medicine produced in a factory powered by coal would be significantly higher than the footprint of the same medicine produced in a factory powered by solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When adding up those production steps, there’s little public data describing how pharmaceutical processing leads to emissions. For life cycle assessments in other industries, researchers can rely on open databases that provide standard values, called conversion factors, translating from common materials to the greenhouse gases emitted in their production. These databases can be used to analyze medical devices and other products made of metal or plastic, such as masks and gowns, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.cheme.cornell.edu/research/grad-students/xiang-zhao\">Xiang Zhao\u003c/a>, a doctoral student at Cornell University who has worked on these assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s no database for the active pharmaceutical ingredients used in drugs, and pharma companies tend to keep that information secret. While proprietary data is an issue for life cycle assessments across industries, McGinnis said, the medical industry tends to be “less willing” to share. Any attempt to estimate emissions from a drug that uses proprietary chemicals is “where it really gets hard,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers try to ask companies for their data, with mixed results. Sawyer’s attempts typically lead to no reply, or a reply simply linking to the company’s public sustainability report (which usually has limited details), or — in the best case scenario — a total carbon footprint figure that fails to share any methodology behind the number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even pharma companies themselves are limited in their ability to calculate carbon footprints, because their internal data miss a key part of the life cycle: what happens to drugs after they enter the health care system. To capture those emissions, companies would need data from health providers; and those emissions, too, can vary by location. The same medicine might have a lower footprint in a big city, where patients have a short trip to their pharmacy, compared to rural areas where more driving is required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still persist in this research because the results can be incredibly informative for health organizations. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652622047278?via%3Dihub\">a paper by Zhao and colleagues\u003c/a> found that hospital gowns marketed as biodegradable are actually less environmentally friendly than their conventional counterparts, due to carbon dioxide and methane released after the biodegradable gowns are placed in landfills. \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06518#\">Another paper by the same group at Cornell\u003c/a> and Lakhani at CHAI identified major sources of emissions — and potential options for improving sustainability — in the production of a common HIV drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These assessments show the pros and cons of choosing one medical product over another, or adjusting aspects of the production process, Zhao said. Otherwise health organizations are kept guessing about which option is the most sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To better understand the carbon emissions generated by medical products, the pharma and biotech industry needs to develop more transparency around sharing their existing data and standards for calculating life cycle assessments, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one step towards data transparency, several Canadian health institutions have supported \u003ca href=\"https://healthcarelca.com/\">HealthcareLCA\u003c/a>, an online library of academic papers estimating the environmental impacts of different health products and processes. This project is a helpful starting point, said \u003ca href=\"https://uwaterloo.ca/scholar/afpcimpr/home\">Cimprich\u003c/a>, the University of Waterloo researcher who studies health care life cycles. But different papers in the library use “different methods, assumptions, and qualities of data,” he added — there’s no standardization in the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Health care is playing catch-up here with other sectors” when it comes to pooling data on products’ carbon emissions, Cimprich said. Other industries like food, construction, and different manufacturing sectors have more extensive data available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts like Cimprich and Booth, at Oxford, would like to see leaders in health, pharma, and biotech companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.basf.com/global/en/who-we-are/sustainability/whats-new/sustainability-news/2022/Chemical-industry-agrees-on-global-standard-for-calculating-product-carbon-footprint.html\">look to these other industries\u003c/a> as models for building public databases that help researchers translate from chemical building blocks to emissions and other environmental impacts. Companies shouldn’t “reinvent the wheel,” but should rather “draw on other industries that have done product footprinting already,” Booth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers can look forward to one such database later this year. Rahman and colleagues at Yewmaker are working on a scientific paper and open-access database that will provide carbon footprint estimates for medicines made with small molecules, a type of drug that accounts for about 90% of pharma products. The estimates are based on data science models, incorporating different chemicals’ molecular structures and standard manufacturing processes, Rahman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yewmaker’s database is set to offer more comprehensive information than scientists could previously access about drugs’ emissions: It will have an “internal rigor and comparability” unlike prior papers that evaluate one drug at a time, Rahman said. But these estimates will still be less accurate than information that pharma companies might provide from internal research. Rahman hopes any companies that notice inaccuracies in Yewmaker’s data will be motivated to publicly correct the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another potential source for standardized data might be the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sustainable-markets.org/taskforces/health-systems-taskforce/\">Sustainable Markets Initiative’s Health Systems Task Force\u003c/a>, a collaboration of executives from top pharma companies including AstraZeneca, GSK, Merck, Novo Nordisk, and others. By working together, top companies could develop emissions measurement standards for the rest of the industry. Such standards may be particularly helpful for smaller companies like those that produce generic medicines, Rahman said: these companies have fewer resources for internal measurement but still make a lot of drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some scientists are critical of pharma companies’ ability to develop their own standards and regulations. Sawyer, the consultant, would prefer to see regulations come from government agencies, such as the U.K.’s National Health System — which is already \u003ca href=\"https://www.england.nhs.uk/greenernhs/get-involved/suppliers/\">ahead of U.S. agencies\u003c/a> on sustainability commitments. Governments may consider incorporating environmental assessments into their standards for approving new drugs, Sawyer said, perhaps on a parallel track to existing standards for safety and effectiveness in clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, large health organizations are starting to put pressure on companies to share carbon footprint data. Lakhani at CHAI sees the increased pressure as a classic “carrot or the stick” situation: health organizations could offer a “carrot,” by telling companies that they’d be more likely to buy medicines that are more environmentally friendly; government agencies could offer a “stick,” by only allowing companies that disclose emissions data to sell their products. “Sometime, hopefully in the near future, [environmental disclosure] becomes the standard,” Lakhani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of coverage of climate change and health, supported by a grant from \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonwealthfund.org/\">The Commonwealth Fund\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Anyone picking up a prescription from their pharmacy is used to the reams of paper that typically accompany it: information on safety, storing, and how to use the drug. What if that information also included your medicine’s carbon footprint?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are trying to calculate those footprints, as part of a growing effort to understand biotech and pharmaceutical companies’ contributions to climate change. While overall estimates suggest this industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.mygreenlab.org/2022-carbon-impact-of-biotech--pharma-report.html\">emits millions of tons of carbon dioxide\u003c/a> each year, it’s often tough to pinpoint the exact sources of those emissions, presenting a challenge as companies seek to reduce their footprints and outside organizations seek to evaluate their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://reports.statnews.com/products/climate-rankings?variant=40219209400423\">recent STAT report\u003c/a> found that the majority of large pharmaceutical and biotech companies aren’t publicly disclosing their emissions to a global organization that sets standards for climate transparency. One key reason, experts say, is that pharma and biotech emissions can be difficult to estimate, especially for midsize and smaller companies unable to devote teams of analysts to these calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other industries, most greenhouse gas emissions come from companies’ direct activities and energy use, referred to as Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, respectively. But for pharma and biotech, about 90% of emissions come from indirect sources, falling into the Scope 3 category. These sources include emissions from the raw materials that go into drugs and devices, chemical processes that turn those raw materials into products, transporting and storing the products, their use in medical settings, and disposal, often in a landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugmakers, health care organizations, and outside research groups are increasingly focused on calculating carbon footprints for individual products. The analyses help to provide more accurate estimates of overall corporate emissions and show where there’s room for improving sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These calculations are “a priority for everyone,” said Nazneen Rahman, founder and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.yewmaker.com/\">Yewmaker\u003c/a>, a startup that is working on medical carbon-footprint research. “It’s obviously a priority for the manufacturers, because they have to reduce their … emissions. And it is a real priority for health systems” because medicines make up a significant share of their own emissions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Having product-specific footprints allows us to better understand the environmental impact of our products across their entire lifecycle.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some hospitals, for instance, want to use specific emissions data to inform which medical products they purchase, said \u003ca href=\"https://mse.vt.edu/faculty-staff/Faculty/mcginnis.html\">Sean McGinnis\u003c/a>, a professor in green engineering at Virginia Tech who specializes in these assessments. By buying more sustainable medicines, a hospital can reduce its own greenhouse gas emissions — responding to requests of administrators who are increasingly interested in “having a good carbon footprint,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pharma, GSK aims to reduce the environmental impact of its products and packaging 25% by 2030, and footprint calculations help show opportunities to cut those emissions, said Claire Lund, an \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2452223621001206\">author of research on this topic\u003c/a> and vice president for sustainability at GSK, one of the top-ranked firms in STAT’s recent report. “Having product-specific footprints allows us to better understand the environmental impact of our products across their entire lifecycle,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global health agencies are also starting to ask for these data, said Neel Lakhani, senior director of strategy and innovation at the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), which has supported research into health care sustainability. For example, health organizations in Africa might want to know if manufacturing COVID-19 vaccines locally would reduce the carbon footprint of those products, compared to shipping them from elsewhere in the world, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the data requests are growing, calculating the carbon footprint of an individual medical product can be complex. Researchers like McGinnis face challenges with obtaining data on a drug’s composition, accounting for inconsistencies in how companies report emissions data, and understanding what happens to products after they leave the factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While precise numbers may be hard to find, the carbon footprint information that we have suggests health products continue to be major contributors to climate change. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.13425\">one recent paper from Adam Cimprich\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, and colleagues, found that the annual carbon emissions from treating the occupants of a single bed at a hospital in British Columbia, Canada is about the same as for five households. The medical products used to care for patients in that bed led to a significant share of emissions, Cimprich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers interested in the carbon footprint of a medicine typically arrive at an estimate through a scientific process called life cycle assessment (or LCA). \u003ca href=\"https://seesustainability.co.uk/about-us\">Matt Sawyer\u003c/a>, a consultant specializing in environmental sustainability in health care, described the process as similar to a “cake recipe”: researchers add together many different ingredients and might arrive at an unexpected end result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each component in the recipe is a smaller-scale assessment in itself, answering questions such as: How much carbon dioxide is generated in collecting the raw materials for this medicine? How much carbon dioxide is generated from transporting those raw materials to a factory where they will be processed? How much carbon dioxide from the chemical procedures used to turn the raw materials into a medical product? How much carbon dioxide from packaging the resulting medicine, transporting it to a health care facility, storing it, giving it to a patient, discarding of the final product if some is left unused?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list of questions can be endless, so one key step in the life cycle assessment process is setting boundaries. In a course he teaches on these assessments, McGinnis typically tells students, “Draw a box around what you consider your product.” Some assessments might go all the way from raw materials to disposal, while others could focus on the activities in a factory setting. There’s no standard procedure in the pharmaceutical industry for which activities are left in or out of the box, so these choices can vary widely from one research project to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For scientists analyzing medical products, one challenge can be the number of components and steps involved, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/team/amy-booth\">Amy Booth\u003c/a>, a doctoral candidate at Oxford University who studies environmental impacts of health care. For example, she said, compare the life cycle of a drug to that of a tomato. The \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-019-01688-6\">tomato’s life cycle\u003c/a> may include its growth on a farm or in a greenhouse (requiring water, maybe some pesticides, maybe heating), followed by packaging and distributing it for consumption, and typically ends in a human stomach. It’s a fairly straightforward, easy-to-measure process with readily available data, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugs, on the other hand, require a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other materials involved in their research, development, and manufacturing. “You go through that whole chemical process with the manufacturing, and then there’s the packaging and distribution,” Booth said. Drugs also may require different considerations for transportation and storage than food products, such as if they need to be stored in a special freezer. And drugs tend to create significant waste: All the pill bottles discarded, expired or simply unused add up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, “the more steps you have in that production process, the bigger [environmental] impact it’s going to have,” Booth said. Emissions can also vary widely depending on where a drug is made, which adds complexity. The carbon footprint of a medicine produced in a factory powered by coal would be significantly higher than the footprint of the same medicine produced in a factory powered by solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When adding up those production steps, there’s little public data describing how pharmaceutical processing leads to emissions. For life cycle assessments in other industries, researchers can rely on open databases that provide standard values, called conversion factors, translating from common materials to the greenhouse gases emitted in their production. These databases can be used to analyze medical devices and other products made of metal or plastic, such as masks and gowns, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.cheme.cornell.edu/research/grad-students/xiang-zhao\">Xiang Zhao\u003c/a>, a doctoral student at Cornell University who has worked on these assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s no database for the active pharmaceutical ingredients used in drugs, and pharma companies tend to keep that information secret. While proprietary data is an issue for life cycle assessments across industries, McGinnis said, the medical industry tends to be “less willing” to share. Any attempt to estimate emissions from a drug that uses proprietary chemicals is “where it really gets hard,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers try to ask companies for their data, with mixed results. Sawyer’s attempts typically lead to no reply, or a reply simply linking to the company’s public sustainability report (which usually has limited details), or — in the best case scenario — a total carbon footprint figure that fails to share any methodology behind the number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even pharma companies themselves are limited in their ability to calculate carbon footprints, because their internal data miss a key part of the life cycle: what happens to drugs after they enter the health care system. To capture those emissions, companies would need data from health providers; and those emissions, too, can vary by location. The same medicine might have a lower footprint in a big city, where patients have a short trip to their pharmacy, compared to rural areas where more driving is required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still persist in this research because the results can be incredibly informative for health organizations. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652622047278?via%3Dihub\">a paper by Zhao and colleagues\u003c/a> found that hospital gowns marketed as biodegradable are actually less environmentally friendly than their conventional counterparts, due to carbon dioxide and methane released after the biodegradable gowns are placed in landfills. \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06518#\">Another paper by the same group at Cornell\u003c/a> and Lakhani at CHAI identified major sources of emissions — and potential options for improving sustainability — in the production of a common HIV drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These assessments show the pros and cons of choosing one medical product over another, or adjusting aspects of the production process, Zhao said. Otherwise health organizations are kept guessing about which option is the most sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To better understand the carbon emissions generated by medical products, the pharma and biotech industry needs to develop more transparency around sharing their existing data and standards for calculating life cycle assessments, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one step towards data transparency, several Canadian health institutions have supported \u003ca href=\"https://healthcarelca.com/\">HealthcareLCA\u003c/a>, an online library of academic papers estimating the environmental impacts of different health products and processes. This project is a helpful starting point, said \u003ca href=\"https://uwaterloo.ca/scholar/afpcimpr/home\">Cimprich\u003c/a>, the University of Waterloo researcher who studies health care life cycles. But different papers in the library use “different methods, assumptions, and qualities of data,” he added — there’s no standardization in the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Health care is playing catch-up here with other sectors” when it comes to pooling data on products’ carbon emissions, Cimprich said. Other industries like food, construction, and different manufacturing sectors have more extensive data available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts like Cimprich and Booth, at Oxford, would like to see leaders in health, pharma, and biotech companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.basf.com/global/en/who-we-are/sustainability/whats-new/sustainability-news/2022/Chemical-industry-agrees-on-global-standard-for-calculating-product-carbon-footprint.html\">look to these other industries\u003c/a> as models for building public databases that help researchers translate from chemical building blocks to emissions and other environmental impacts. Companies shouldn’t “reinvent the wheel,” but should rather “draw on other industries that have done product footprinting already,” Booth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers can look forward to one such database later this year. Rahman and colleagues at Yewmaker are working on a scientific paper and open-access database that will provide carbon footprint estimates for medicines made with small molecules, a type of drug that accounts for about 90% of pharma products. The estimates are based on data science models, incorporating different chemicals’ molecular structures and standard manufacturing processes, Rahman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yewmaker’s database is set to offer more comprehensive information than scientists could previously access about drugs’ emissions: It will have an “internal rigor and comparability” unlike prior papers that evaluate one drug at a time, Rahman said. But these estimates will still be less accurate than information that pharma companies might provide from internal research. Rahman hopes any companies that notice inaccuracies in Yewmaker’s data will be motivated to publicly correct the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another potential source for standardized data might be the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sustainable-markets.org/taskforces/health-systems-taskforce/\">Sustainable Markets Initiative’s Health Systems Task Force\u003c/a>, a collaboration of executives from top pharma companies including AstraZeneca, GSK, Merck, Novo Nordisk, and others. By working together, top companies could develop emissions measurement standards for the rest of the industry. Such standards may be particularly helpful for smaller companies like those that produce generic medicines, Rahman said: these companies have fewer resources for internal measurement but still make a lot of drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some scientists are critical of pharma companies’ ability to develop their own standards and regulations. Sawyer, the consultant, would prefer to see regulations come from government agencies, such as the U.K.’s National Health System — which is already \u003ca href=\"https://www.england.nhs.uk/greenernhs/get-involved/suppliers/\">ahead of U.S. agencies\u003c/a> on sustainability commitments. Governments may consider incorporating environmental assessments into their standards for approving new drugs, Sawyer said, perhaps on a parallel track to existing standards for safety and effectiveness in clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, large health organizations are starting to put pressure on companies to share carbon footprint data. Lakhani at CHAI sees the increased pressure as a classic “carrot or the stick” situation: health organizations could offer a “carrot,” by telling companies that they’d be more likely to buy medicines that are more environmentally friendly; government agencies could offer a “stick,” by only allowing companies that disclose emissions data to sell their products. “Sometime, hopefully in the near future, [environmental disclosure] becomes the standard,” Lakhani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of coverage of climate change and health, supported by a grant from \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonwealthfund.org/\">The Commonwealth Fund\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Sen. Laphonza Butler Is an Expert in Labor Issues. But What About Climate?",
"headTitle": "Sen. Laphonza Butler Is an Expert in Labor Issues. But What About Climate? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Organizations across California came out of the woodwork to praise Laphonza Butler as she ascended to the U.S. Senate this week, touting her long record on progressive issues and fighting for working class people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the newly sworn-in senator begins her tenure, environmentalists in California are wondering what her appointment means for climate action in this state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler’s background is cemented in labor issues, having served as president of California’s SEIU for more than a decade. She’s also a well-known political strategist and a champion of abortion rights, most recently serving as president of EMILY’s List.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Steve Maviglio, democratic strategist\"]‘She’s fought all her life for poor people and people living in urban areas, and I think more and more we see how climate is affecting those very same constituencies.’[/pullquote]But Butler has never held elected office and has virtually no experience with climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor did not appoint somebody who has a long track record on these issues, and I think that raises some questions in the community,” said democratic strategist Steve Maviglio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has made the issue fundamental to his time in office. Most recently, California filed a lawsuit against major oil companies claiming they deceived the public for decades on climate. And he \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11961602/gov-gavin-newsom-says-he-will-sign-climate-focused-transparency-laws-for-big-business\">committed\u003c/a> to sign landmark legislation that would require billion-dollar corporations working in California to disclose their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the helm of a state that has become the poster child of climate change disasters, Newsom’s choice to appoint Butler surprised environmental activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was totally out of the box,” Maviglio said. “She was not on anybody’s short list.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler now represents about 40 million Californians in one of the most powerful lawmaking positions in the country. She will be tasked with promoting climate change mitigation on the national stage, as well as voting on water policy, wildfire mitigation strategies and plans for handling drought, among other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also stepping in on the heels of the late Sen. Dianne Feinstein who, over her many decades in office, played a significant role in shaping environmental legislation, including protecting millions of acres of California deserts and regulating oil drilling off the state’s Pacific coast and pollution from cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Butler’s political career has so far been rooted primarily in labor issues. During her tenure at SEIU 2015, the labor union was peripherally involved in clean energy bills, including \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB100/id/1819458\">SB 100\u003c/a>, which set a target of 100% carbon-free electricity by 2045. Unlike other private sector unions at the time, SEIU also showed support for fossil fuel divestment legislation, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0151-0200/sb_185_cfa_20150528_124751_sen_comm.html\">SB 185\u003c/a>. However, SEIU declined to say whether Butler was involved directly in those efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11963215,news_11963066\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“[Environmental justice] was important to Laphonza because we represented women of color and low-wage workers living in areas where the air isn’t the best, the water isn’t the best,” said current SEIU 2015 executive vice president Carmen Roberts. “So that was certainly one of our justice agenda items.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous environmental groups released statements in the aftermath of Butler’s appointment, including California Environmental Voters, whose political and organizing director Mike Young called her a “known advocate” and said the group looked “forward to working with her on the progressive values she’s represented throughout her career.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But none of the statements from California-based environmental groups, including EnviroVoters, said anything about Butler’s environmental achievements. None agreed to an interview with KQED, either, saying they couldn’t speak to her climate record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her appointment could set up her now-counterpart, Sen. Alex Padilla, to be the more active member of the California delegation in the Senate on climate change. Prior to his time in office, Padilla served for six years as chair of California’s Committee on Energy, Utilities, and Communications, where he led efforts on renewable energy and climate policies. As a senator, he co-sponsored the Green New Deal and now serves on the Environment and Public Works Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democratic strategist Maviglio — who worked with Butler during her time at SEIU — isn’t counting her out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She may emerge as a[n environmental] leader because she knows how important it is to California and to the governor,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in fact, he said, she could bring a fresh perspective to the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s fought all her life for poor people and people living in urban areas, and I think more and more we see how climate is affecting those very same constituencies,” he said. “So I think you’ll see her rise up, particularly on environmental justice issues, and be an outspoken force for those in the Senate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Organizations across California came out of the woodwork to praise Laphonza Butler as she ascended to the U.S. Senate this week, touting her long record on progressive issues and fighting for working class people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the newly sworn-in senator begins her tenure, environmentalists in California are wondering what her appointment means for climate action in this state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler’s background is cemented in labor issues, having served as president of California’s SEIU for more than a decade. She’s also a well-known political strategist and a champion of abortion rights, most recently serving as president of EMILY’s List.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But Butler has never held elected office and has virtually no experience with climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor did not appoint somebody who has a long track record on these issues, and I think that raises some questions in the community,” said democratic strategist Steve Maviglio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has made the issue fundamental to his time in office. Most recently, California filed a lawsuit against major oil companies claiming they deceived the public for decades on climate. And he \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11961602/gov-gavin-newsom-says-he-will-sign-climate-focused-transparency-laws-for-big-business\">committed\u003c/a> to sign landmark legislation that would require billion-dollar corporations working in California to disclose their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the helm of a state that has become the poster child of climate change disasters, Newsom’s choice to appoint Butler surprised environmental activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was totally out of the box,” Maviglio said. “She was not on anybody’s short list.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler now represents about 40 million Californians in one of the most powerful lawmaking positions in the country. She will be tasked with promoting climate change mitigation on the national stage, as well as voting on water policy, wildfire mitigation strategies and plans for handling drought, among other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also stepping in on the heels of the late Sen. Dianne Feinstein who, over her many decades in office, played a significant role in shaping environmental legislation, including protecting millions of acres of California deserts and regulating oil drilling off the state’s Pacific coast and pollution from cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Butler’s political career has so far been rooted primarily in labor issues. During her tenure at SEIU 2015, the labor union was peripherally involved in clean energy bills, including \u003ca href=\"https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB100/id/1819458\">SB 100\u003c/a>, which set a target of 100% carbon-free electricity by 2045. Unlike other private sector unions at the time, SEIU also showed support for fossil fuel divestment legislation, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0151-0200/sb_185_cfa_20150528_124751_sen_comm.html\">SB 185\u003c/a>. However, SEIU declined to say whether Butler was involved directly in those efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“[Environmental justice] was important to Laphonza because we represented women of color and low-wage workers living in areas where the air isn’t the best, the water isn’t the best,” said current SEIU 2015 executive vice president Carmen Roberts. “So that was certainly one of our justice agenda items.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous environmental groups released statements in the aftermath of Butler’s appointment, including California Environmental Voters, whose political and organizing director Mike Young called her a “known advocate” and said the group looked “forward to working with her on the progressive values she’s represented throughout her career.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But none of the statements from California-based environmental groups, including EnviroVoters, said anything about Butler’s environmental achievements. None agreed to an interview with KQED, either, saying they couldn’t speak to her climate record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her appointment could set up her now-counterpart, Sen. Alex Padilla, to be the more active member of the California delegation in the Senate on climate change. Prior to his time in office, Padilla served for six years as chair of California’s Committee on Energy, Utilities, and Communications, where he led efforts on renewable energy and climate policies. As a senator, he co-sponsored the Green New Deal and now serves on the Environment and Public Works Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democratic strategist Maviglio — who worked with Butler during her time at SEIU — isn’t counting her out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She may emerge as a[n environmental] leader because she knows how important it is to California and to the governor,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in fact, he said, she could bring a fresh perspective to the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s fought all her life for poor people and people living in urban areas, and I think more and more we see how climate is affecting those very same constituencies,” he said. “So I think you’ll see her rise up, particularly on environmental justice issues, and be an outspoken force for those in the Senate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Ladybugs may be the cutest insects around, but they don’t start off that way. Also called lady beetles or ladybirds, they pop out of their eggs as prickly mini-monsters with an insatiable hunger for aphids. Once they’ve bulked up, they transform, shedding their terrifying looks, but keeping their killer vibes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What is prickly … ferocious … and also one of the most beloved insects around? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ladybug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, a teenage one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this ladybug larva has something to teach us about appearances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menacing or cute, the ladybug is a stone cold killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are about 6,000 species of ladybugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also called lady beetles or ladybirds, they come in varying shades and with different numbers of spots. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes even no spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a myth that ladybugs gain a spot every year, but those markings are a useful way to tell different species apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever they are, they all start out here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As eggs laid in neat clusters by their mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later these mini-alligators crawl free. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These larvae have an insatiable hunger for aphid insides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae stalk their unsuspecting prey, feeling around with their sensitive legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though to be honest, the plump little aphids aren’t exactly a challenge to bring down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their main defense is to make lots of aphids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I mean a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, the ladybug larva starts on one end of the aphid and eats it alive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other times, it’ll just treat the aphid like a juice box – ditch what’s left and bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the roughly three weeks it takes the larva to grow up, it’ll eat hundreds of these scrumptious treats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It needs to bulk up for what comes next\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larva finds a cozy spot close to its favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It exudes a sticky liquid from its backside and cements itself in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it hunches over and squirms in rhythmic convulsions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larva’s about to say goodbye to its old goth look and reinvent itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sheds its outer layer, legs and all, to reveal a ladybug pupa. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An in-between stage where it can spend some time alone figuring out who it really wants to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It spends the next week going through a major metamorphosis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s ready to do some adulting, the full-grown ladybug emerges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take that, butterflies! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re not the only ones that create an all new persona for yourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it’s free, the ladybug’s armored forewings, called elytra, harden and develop their color and spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that spots are required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The elytra protect the ladybug’s delicate hindwings, which it now stretches out for the very first time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those wings open whole new worlds to a grown ladybug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can the adults fly from plant to plant looking for food and mates,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>but the wings also allow the ladybug to migrate huge distances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’ll eat up to 5,000 aphids in its adventurous life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes them a true ally to us, protecting our farms and gardens from harmful pests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So don’t be fooled by that candy-apple coating. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the hood, the ladybug is still the same wild, relentless hunter it’s always been.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menacing or cute, the ladybug is a stone cold killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are about 6,000 species of ladybugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also called lady beetles or ladybirds, they come in varying shades and with different numbers of spots. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes even no spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a myth that ladybugs gain a spot every year, but those markings are a useful way to tell different species apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever they are, they all start out here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As eggs laid in neat clusters by their mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later these mini-alligators crawl free. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These larvae have an insatiable hunger for aphid insides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae stalk their unsuspecting prey, feeling around with their sensitive legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though to be honest, the plump little aphids aren’t exactly a challenge to bring down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their main defense is to make lots of aphids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I mean a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, the ladybug larva starts on one end of the aphid and eats it alive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other times, it’ll just treat the aphid like a juice box – ditch what’s left and bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the roughly three weeks it takes the larva to grow up, it’ll eat hundreds of these scrumptious treats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It needs to bulk up for what comes next\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larva finds a cozy spot close to its favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It exudes a sticky liquid from its backside and cements itself in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it hunches over and squirms in rhythmic convulsions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larva’s about to say goodbye to its old goth look and reinvent itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sheds its outer layer, legs and all, to reveal a ladybug pupa. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An in-between stage where it can spend some time alone figuring out who it really wants to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It spends the next week going through a major metamorphosis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s ready to do some adulting, the full-grown ladybug emerges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take that, butterflies! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re not the only ones that create an all new persona for yourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it’s free, the ladybug’s armored forewings, called elytra, harden and develop their color and spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that spots are required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The elytra protect the ladybug’s delicate hindwings, which it now stretches out for the very first time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those wings open whole new worlds to a grown ladybug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can the adults fly from plant to plant looking for food and mates,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>but the wings also allow the ladybug to migrate huge distances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’ll eat up to 5,000 aphids in its adventurous life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes them a true ally to us, protecting our farms and gardens from harmful pests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So don’t be fooled by that candy-apple coating. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the hood, the ladybug is still the same wild, relentless hunter it’s always been.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s time for \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/fat-bear-week\">Fat Bear Week\u003c/a>, when fans of famous behemoths like Otis, Holly and 747 vote for the plumpest bear in the land. This year’s competition runs from Oct. 4 through Oct. 10 — but it won’t start on time if Congress can’t reach a deal to avoid a partial government shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully a lapse doesn’t occur,” Katmai National Park and Preserve spokesperson Cynthia Hernandez told NPR on Friday. “However, should a lapse happen, we will need to postpone Fat Bear Week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline is looming: The government is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/29/1202474725/2023-government-shutdown-update\">set to run out of money\u003c/a> at the end of Sept. 30, meaning many federal employees would be put on unpaid furlough. During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/28/680720032/national-parks-many-are-open-during-the-shutdown-their-bathrooms-not-so-much\">2018 shutdown\u003c/a>, some National Park Service locations were able to stay at least partially open, but they \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NatlParkService/status/1076468007688392706\">did not monitor or update social media\u003c/a> — a key component of Fat Bear Week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>These bears woke up hangry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever felt hangry, consider this: Brown bears in Alaska woke up this spring after not eating for about 6 months. And no, “hangry” might not be a technical term. But in this case, it’s apt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the term I use,” media ranger Naomi Boak of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/index.htm\">Katmai National Park and Preserve\u003c/a> told NPR, speaking from Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this summer, when the sockeye salmon run began on the Brooks River, the bears have been feasting — and ballooning in size. In this competition, there can be only one — and they shall be rotund.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which bears should people keep an eye out for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Giants like 747 — whose name evokes the jumbo jet — and 480 Otis, a multiple Fat Bear Week \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/06/1043647458/fat-bear-week-champion-480-otis\">champion\u003c/a>, always impress. \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears\">This year’s bear bracket\u003c/a> also offers bios, with details about the large animals’ equally large personalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Brooks Falls - Katmai National Park, Alaska 2023 powered by EXPLORE.org\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HsLvnFQW_yM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sisters and mothers, Bears 910 and 909, could make a big splash, Boak says. In a striking development, 910 is taking care of both bears’ cubs, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/wildlife/2023/07/27/young-brown-bear-in-katmai-national-park-needed-a-family-so-an-aunt-adopted-her/\">adopting her sister’s offspring\u003c/a>, 909 Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s bear 164, whom the park rangers deem one of the most innovative bears. His fans know him as “Bucky Dent,” because of his unique forehead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is fishing where no other bear has dared to fish: right under the lip of the falls in front of what we call ‘the jacuzzi,’ which is where the most dominant bears like to fish,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has grown enormously in the last year,” she said, “so I’d be on the lookout for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2023 bear brackets and head-to-head matchups will announced during \u003ca href=\"https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.org%2Flivecams%2Fbrown-bears%2Fbrooks-live-chat&data=05%7C01%7Cdarin_schroeder%40ios.doi.gov%7C2a3d9e1d9c3b4a2164e308dbb93ec77b%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C638307451507611073%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=XYyHrIhUlFZ5HJ1pQkn33OWZyioObdSnQLfF76A60t0%3D&reserved=0\">a live chat\u003c/a> on Oct. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Just how heavy do these bears get?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984473\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984473\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A bear catches a fish in the river.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fans are eager to vote for their favorites during Fat Bear Week — but now they’re facing a delay, if Congress can’t reach a new funding deal. \u003ccite>(Felicia Jimenez/NPS photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As heavy as possible,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some of the largest bears on the planet,” she added. “The big boars, the biggest guys, can get to be between 1,000 and 1,400 pounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sows, or female bears can reach 700 or 800 pounds, she said. For the bears to enter hibernation safely, Boak said, “they need every ounce of fat they can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much salmon do the bears eat?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The known record is “42 salmon in 5 1/2 hours,” Boak said, and it was set by 480 Otis, one of the river’s oldest and most well-known bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a limited timeframe, the bears pack on weight quickly — and when they’re young, it’s even more dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cubs are born at 1 pound and at the end of their first year, they could be 70 pounds,” Boak said. “And in their second year they can end the season at 200 pounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I watch the bears?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984475\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1685px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984475\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1685\" height=\"1264\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349.jpg 1685w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two bear cousins became siblings this summer — and the new family fishes and lives together, led by 910. \u003ccite>(Felicia Jimenez/NPS Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through the summer and early fall, fans can follow their favorite bears on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphg2feuAPo\">webcams in the park\u003c/a>, watching as they try to pull sockeye salmon from rapids and waterfalls along the Brooks River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brooks River bears attract around 10 million virtual visitors to Explore.org’s bear cams each year. Last year, more than 1 million people voted for their favorite fat bear.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"fat-bear-week\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People watch from their homes, offices and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really love that children and teachers follow the bears,” Boak said. There’s even a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd76xemOTn77775C1NKAX5NYwKDJFAt8JwcYFm_k9uFPOgh_w/viewform?fbclid=IwAR2eTiURzLpmMuv0CcqNNSDdflFVdUpzkaBc8FAmJbS6KMNiyoSONMx3tE8\">Google form (DOC)\u003c/a> to let students ask questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can follow the bears for years and really get to know their lives and their personalities and their soap operas,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why have Fat Bear Week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The contest is fun — but it’s also a way to learn more about bears’ life cycles, and to celebrate the healthy ecosystem at Brooks River and Katmai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bristol Bay ecosystem and watershed is really one of the last remaining healthy sockeye salmon runs in the world,” Boak said, “and it’s just gotten healthier and healthier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thriving ecosystem has helped bears reach maturity earlier. And this season has seen something of a baby boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had 36 cubs arrive here this year,” Boak said. For context, she said that in a normal season, the area would likely see a total of around 100 bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How old are the bears?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear Week contestants encompass a wide range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t discriminate by age,” Boak said, noting that if a bear is living independent of its mother, it can be in the contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the younger bears, a \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears-fat-bear-junior\">Fat Bear Junior\u003c/a> contest precedes Fat Bear Week, giving cubs a chance to strut their stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the adult bears, there’s Sara, who is in her early 30s. Otis is in his late 20s — possibly 28 or 29, Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened in last year’s Fat Bear Week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984476\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984476\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1918\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-2048x1534.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1920x1438.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears line up at the falls on the Brooks River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, hoping to snatch a salmon out of the air. \u003ccite>(N. Boak/NPS photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/11/1128052248/fat-bear-week-scandal-champion\">enormous 747 prevailed\u003c/a>, turning back a challenge from the female 901 — a young upstart whom the park described as “both exploratory and occasionally mischievous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear contestants are, of course, blissfully oblivious to the millions of people who watch and support them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it seems that the competition isn’t immune to our times: A key semifinal vote was recalibrated last fall, after organizers uncovered “spam votes” that were meant to send the blond-eared Holly sailing past 747 into the final.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is winter really coming?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The autumnal equinox (on Sept. 22 or Sept. 23 in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/september-equinox.html?linkId=17281193\">depending on your time zone\u003c/a>) signals shorter days and the looming winter. Fat Bear Week normally starts a week or two later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know exactly what triggers the bears for hibernation,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all bears follow the same schedule. On the Brooks River, most of the bears go into hibernation in late October or early November. They emerge again in March or April, skinny and, yes, hangry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Fat+Bear+Week+would+be+postponed+by+a+government+shutdown&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The brown bears of Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska have been bulking up for hibernation. If Congress doesn't approve a funding deal, Fat Bear Week will be put on hold.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s time for \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/fat-bear-week\">Fat Bear Week\u003c/a>, when fans of famous behemoths like Otis, Holly and 747 vote for the plumpest bear in the land. This year’s competition runs from Oct. 4 through Oct. 10 — but it won’t start on time if Congress can’t reach a deal to avoid a partial government shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully a lapse doesn’t occur,” Katmai National Park and Preserve spokesperson Cynthia Hernandez told NPR on Friday. “However, should a lapse happen, we will need to postpone Fat Bear Week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline is looming: The government is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/29/1202474725/2023-government-shutdown-update\">set to run out of money\u003c/a> at the end of Sept. 30, meaning many federal employees would be put on unpaid furlough. During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/28/680720032/national-parks-many-are-open-during-the-shutdown-their-bathrooms-not-so-much\">2018 shutdown\u003c/a>, some National Park Service locations were able to stay at least partially open, but they \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NatlParkService/status/1076468007688392706\">did not monitor or update social media\u003c/a> — a key component of Fat Bear Week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>These bears woke up hangry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever felt hangry, consider this: Brown bears in Alaska woke up this spring after not eating for about 6 months. And no, “hangry” might not be a technical term. But in this case, it’s apt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the term I use,” media ranger Naomi Boak of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/index.htm\">Katmai National Park and Preserve\u003c/a> told NPR, speaking from Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this summer, when the sockeye salmon run began on the Brooks River, the bears have been feasting — and ballooning in size. In this competition, there can be only one — and they shall be rotund.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which bears should people keep an eye out for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Giants like 747 — whose name evokes the jumbo jet — and 480 Otis, a multiple Fat Bear Week \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/06/1043647458/fat-bear-week-champion-480-otis\">champion\u003c/a>, always impress. \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears\">This year’s bear bracket\u003c/a> also offers bios, with details about the large animals’ equally large personalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Brooks Falls - Katmai National Park, Alaska 2023 powered by EXPLORE.org\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HsLvnFQW_yM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two sisters and mothers, Bears 910 and 909, could make a big splash, Boak says. In a striking development, 910 is taking care of both bears’ cubs, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/wildlife/2023/07/27/young-brown-bear-in-katmai-national-park-needed-a-family-so-an-aunt-adopted-her/\">adopting her sister’s offspring\u003c/a>, 909 Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s bear 164, whom the park rangers deem one of the most innovative bears. His fans know him as “Bucky Dent,” because of his unique forehead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is fishing where no other bear has dared to fish: right under the lip of the falls in front of what we call ‘the jacuzzi,’ which is where the most dominant bears like to fish,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has grown enormously in the last year,” she said, “so I’d be on the lookout for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2023 bear brackets and head-to-head matchups will announced during \u003ca href=\"https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.org%2Flivecams%2Fbrown-bears%2Fbrooks-live-chat&data=05%7C01%7Cdarin_schroeder%40ios.doi.gov%7C2a3d9e1d9c3b4a2164e308dbb93ec77b%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C638307451507611073%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=XYyHrIhUlFZ5HJ1pQkn33OWZyioObdSnQLfF76A60t0%3D&reserved=0\">a live chat\u003c/a> on Oct. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Just how heavy do these bears get?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984473\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984473\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A bear catches a fish in the river.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53188057080_a355020dcd_o-b2ae685f618cbc3ea2c5b1dc82a681d7614ef378-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fans are eager to vote for their favorites during Fat Bear Week — but now they’re facing a delay, if Congress can’t reach a new funding deal. \u003ccite>(Felicia Jimenez/NPS photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As heavy as possible,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have some of the largest bears on the planet,” she added. “The big boars, the biggest guys, can get to be between 1,000 and 1,400 pounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sows, or female bears can reach 700 or 800 pounds, she said. For the bears to enter hibernation safely, Boak said, “they need every ounce of fat they can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much salmon do the bears eat?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The known record is “42 salmon in 5 1/2 hours,” Boak said, and it was set by 480 Otis, one of the river’s oldest and most well-known bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a limited timeframe, the bears pack on weight quickly — and when they’re young, it’s even more dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cubs are born at 1 pound and at the end of their first year, they could be 70 pounds,” Boak said. “And in their second year they can end the season at 200 pounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I watch the bears?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984475\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1685px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984475\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1685\" height=\"1264\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349.jpg 1685w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/sister-bears-32f8ef47c87b7a5f0b23607dd9384465d53ae349-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two bear cousins became siblings this summer — and the new family fishes and lives together, led by 910. \u003ccite>(Felicia Jimenez/NPS Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through the summer and early fall, fans can follow their favorite bears on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphg2feuAPo\">webcams in the park\u003c/a>, watching as they try to pull sockeye salmon from rapids and waterfalls along the Brooks River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brooks River bears attract around 10 million virtual visitors to Explore.org’s bear cams each year. Last year, more than 1 million people voted for their favorite fat bear.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People watch from their homes, offices and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really love that children and teachers follow the bears,” Boak said. There’s even a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd76xemOTn77775C1NKAX5NYwKDJFAt8JwcYFm_k9uFPOgh_w/viewform?fbclid=IwAR2eTiURzLpmMuv0CcqNNSDdflFVdUpzkaBc8FAmJbS6KMNiyoSONMx3tE8\">Google form (DOC)\u003c/a> to let students ask questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can follow the bears for years and really get to know their lives and their personalities and their soap operas,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why have Fat Bear Week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The contest is fun — but it’s also a way to learn more about bears’ life cycles, and to celebrate the healthy ecosystem at Brooks River and Katmai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bristol Bay ecosystem and watershed is really one of the last remaining healthy sockeye salmon runs in the world,” Boak said, “and it’s just gotten healthier and healthier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thriving ecosystem has helped bears reach maturity earlier. And this season has seen something of a baby boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had 36 cubs arrive here this year,” Boak said. For context, she said that in a normal season, the area would likely see a total of around 100 bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How old are the bears?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear Week contestants encompass a wide range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t discriminate by age,” Boak said, noting that if a bear is living independent of its mother, it can be in the contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the younger bears, a \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears-fat-bear-junior\">Fat Bear Junior\u003c/a> contest precedes Fat Bear Week, giving cubs a chance to strut their stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the adult bears, there’s Sara, who is in her early 30s. Otis is in his late 20s — possibly 28 or 29, Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened in last year’s Fat Bear Week?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984476\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984476\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1918\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-2048x1534.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/53189512967_a4911fcd44_o-283cf42fa6f554bff5ff28d91ac6dc3eaebdb434-1920x1438.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears line up at the falls on the Brooks River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, hoping to snatch a salmon out of the air. \u003ccite>(N. Boak/NPS photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/11/1128052248/fat-bear-week-scandal-champion\">enormous 747 prevailed\u003c/a>, turning back a challenge from the female 901 — a young upstart whom the park described as “both exploratory and occasionally mischievous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear contestants are, of course, blissfully oblivious to the millions of people who watch and support them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it seems that the competition isn’t immune to our times: A key semifinal vote was recalibrated last fall, after organizers uncovered “spam votes” that were meant to send the blond-eared Holly sailing past 747 into the final.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is winter really coming?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The autumnal equinox (on Sept. 22 or Sept. 23 in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/september-equinox.html?linkId=17281193\">depending on your time zone\u003c/a>) signals shorter days and the looming winter. Fat Bear Week normally starts a week or two later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know exactly what triggers the bears for hibernation,” Boak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all bears follow the same schedule. On the Brooks River, most of the bears go into hibernation in late October or early November. They emerge again in March or April, skinny and, yes, hangry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Fat+Bear+Week+would+be+postponed+by+a+government+shutdown&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "After Final Vote, Open-Air Gravel Plant Appears Headed to Oakland's Port",
"headTitle": "After Final Vote, Open-Air Gravel Plant Appears Headed to Oakland’s Port | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Oakland’s Port Commission on Thursday gave the sign-off for a construction aggregate company to build an open-air sand and gravel facility at the Port of Oakland. That move marks the last step in finalizing a settlement with the Port and the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project. The environmental group sued to stop the project in March 2022 on the grounds that it would “expose an entire new generation of West Oaklanders to increased air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement requires the developer to put in place watering and monitoring protocols to reduce dust from aggregate stockpiles. They also must use vessels that are powered by the grid and connected to the shore, when they are docked, instead of burning heavy diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were talking about electric trucks, but that was as far as they wanted to go. So now they’re going further,” said Margaret Gordon, co-director of the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project. “We didn’t get everything, but we got enough to say there’s a change coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984451\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1984451 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person leans on a railing outside a building.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Margaret Gordon, co-founder of the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project (WOEIP), outside the WOEIP offices in Oakland on Sept. 28, 2023. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The lease agreement allows Eagle Rock Aggregates to build and run a Port terminal for importing, storing and distributing sand and gravel. Under the project estimates, trucks would take 70,000 trips annually to carry the material, and the facility could store as much as 2.5 million tons of sand and gravel each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a statement, Eagle Rock President Scott Dryden said he is “excited to continue serving the Bay Area and to solidify the collaborative relationship with our neighbors in West Oakland.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bryan Brandes, the director of maritime for the Port of Oakland, said he was pleased with the outcome and appreciates the push from the community for lower emissions and clean air. He said he understands residents’ concerns, \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/press-releases/port-of-oakland-achieved-86-reduction-in-diesel-emissions/\">and the Port has reduced emissions significantly over the last decade. \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Port is a much cleaner area than it was ten, fifteen years ago,” Brandes said. “We’re going to continue to drive down to zero emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He said construction material from the project will also help the city of Oakland meet its housing development goals while boosting revenue for the Port. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmentalists argued in their lawsuit that the project put residents at risk by storing construction aggregates in stockpiles as high as 25 feet, holding as much as 329,000 tons each, “with no covering to block wind or rain, allowing dust and particulates to blow off the site or run off the piles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would not cover the material that would blow out the port area, but we did get them to develop a plan to water it down so the particulates will not be generated through the port area,” Gordon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group said the lawsuit brought necessary attention to concerns about the project’s impact on the community, and forced that conversation. The lawsuit also requires the Port or Eagle Rock to hold an educational session for the community regarding the aggregate terminal operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of the settlement. They have to come out and talk to us,” Gordon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta had also joined the lawsuit over his concerns about the Port’s environmental analysis of the project, noting that the Bay Area Air Quality Management District is required to reduce air pollution in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His office said in \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-settlement-protect-environmental-justice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement that the settlement secured binding commitments\u003c/a> to mitigate the Eagle Rock project’s air quality impacts and provide other benefits for West Oakland residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too long, environmental concerns raised by West Oakland residents have not been heeded. The Bureau of Environmental Justice within my office exists to right those wrongs, and today is proof that our efforts are making a positive difference,” Bonta said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Attorney General Rob Bonta\"]‘For too long, environmental concerns raised by West Oakland residents have not been heeded.’[/pullquote]Residents in West Oakland, a historically Black neighborhood, are already breathing air that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962832/west-oakland-environmental-justice-leaders-on-whats-changed-what-hasnt-in-the-neighborhood\">contains high levels of toxic diesel particulates\u003c/a>. They face higher rates of asthma, cardiovascular disease, premature death and other poor health outcomes related to air pollution than other parts of the region, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/ab617-community-health/west-oakland/100219-files/owning-our-air-plan-summary-pdf.pdf\">according to state air officials (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland, meanwhile, is caught in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/07/08/oaklands-long-running-coal-war-goes-to-trial-with-developers-pitted-against-the-city/\">legal fight\u003c/a> with a developer \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2023/07/11/trial-begins-in-oakland-coal-fight/\">who has sought to build an export terminal at the old West Oakland Army Base located at the port.\u003c/a> Gordon’s group have pressed back on that project as well in an effort to prevent the transport of coal through their neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups have \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2023/08/01/oakland-environmentalists-say-airport-expansion-bad-pollution-climate/\">also raised concern\u003c/a> about the Port’s plan to expand the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the future of the Eagle Rock project, Brian Beveridge, co-director of the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project, said the group will continue to keep an eye on whether the Port is keeping its part of the deal, and will keep residents informed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone in a neighborhood [cannot] spend their life trying to keep an eye on whether a gravel terminal is doing the right thing or not,” Beveridge said. “And so we try to serve that role and help. When there’s something the community needs to think about, we make sure they know about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "The Port of Oakland settled a lawsuit with West Oakland environmentalists who argued the project would expose residents to pollution. ",
"title": "After Final Vote, Open-Air Gravel Plant Appears Headed to Oakland's Port | KQED",
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"headline": "After Final Vote, Open-Air Gravel Plant Appears Headed to Oakland's Port",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland’s Port Commission on Thursday gave the sign-off for a construction aggregate company to build an open-air sand and gravel facility at the Port of Oakland. That move marks the last step in finalizing a settlement with the Port and the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project. The environmental group sued to stop the project in March 2022 on the grounds that it would “expose an entire new generation of West Oaklanders to increased air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement requires the developer to put in place watering and monitoring protocols to reduce dust from aggregate stockpiles. They also must use vessels that are powered by the grid and connected to the shore, when they are docked, instead of burning heavy diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were talking about electric trucks, but that was as far as they wanted to go. So now they’re going further,” said Margaret Gordon, co-director of the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project. “We didn’t get everything, but we got enough to say there’s a change coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984451\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1984451 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person leans on a railing outside a building.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230928-EAGLE-ROCK-SETTLE-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Margaret Gordon, co-founder of the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project (WOEIP), outside the WOEIP offices in Oakland on Sept. 28, 2023. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The lease agreement allows Eagle Rock Aggregates to build and run a Port terminal for importing, storing and distributing sand and gravel. Under the project estimates, trucks would take 70,000 trips annually to carry the material, and the facility could store as much as 2.5 million tons of sand and gravel each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a statement, Eagle Rock President Scott Dryden said he is “excited to continue serving the Bay Area and to solidify the collaborative relationship with our neighbors in West Oakland.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bryan Brandes, the director of maritime for the Port of Oakland, said he was pleased with the outcome and appreciates the push from the community for lower emissions and clean air. He said he understands residents’ concerns, \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/press-releases/port-of-oakland-achieved-86-reduction-in-diesel-emissions/\">and the Port has reduced emissions significantly over the last decade. \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Port is a much cleaner area than it was ten, fifteen years ago,” Brandes said. “We’re going to continue to drive down to zero emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He said construction material from the project will also help the city of Oakland meet its housing development goals while boosting revenue for the Port. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmentalists argued in their lawsuit that the project put residents at risk by storing construction aggregates in stockpiles as high as 25 feet, holding as much as 329,000 tons each, “with no covering to block wind or rain, allowing dust and particulates to blow off the site or run off the piles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would not cover the material that would blow out the port area, but we did get them to develop a plan to water it down so the particulates will not be generated through the port area,” Gordon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group said the lawsuit brought necessary attention to concerns about the project’s impact on the community, and forced that conversation. The lawsuit also requires the Port or Eagle Rock to hold an educational session for the community regarding the aggregate terminal operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of the settlement. They have to come out and talk to us,” Gordon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta had also joined the lawsuit over his concerns about the Port’s environmental analysis of the project, noting that the Bay Area Air Quality Management District is required to reduce air pollution in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His office said in \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-settlement-protect-environmental-justice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement that the settlement secured binding commitments\u003c/a> to mitigate the Eagle Rock project’s air quality impacts and provide other benefits for West Oakland residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too long, environmental concerns raised by West Oakland residents have not been heeded. The Bureau of Environmental Justice within my office exists to right those wrongs, and today is proof that our efforts are making a positive difference,” Bonta said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Residents in West Oakland, a historically Black neighborhood, are already breathing air that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962832/west-oakland-environmental-justice-leaders-on-whats-changed-what-hasnt-in-the-neighborhood\">contains high levels of toxic diesel particulates\u003c/a>. They face higher rates of asthma, cardiovascular disease, premature death and other poor health outcomes related to air pollution than other parts of the region, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/ab617-community-health/west-oakland/100219-files/owning-our-air-plan-summary-pdf.pdf\">according to state air officials (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland, meanwhile, is caught in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/07/08/oaklands-long-running-coal-war-goes-to-trial-with-developers-pitted-against-the-city/\">legal fight\u003c/a> with a developer \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2023/07/11/trial-begins-in-oakland-coal-fight/\">who has sought to build an export terminal at the old West Oakland Army Base located at the port.\u003c/a> Gordon’s group have pressed back on that project as well in an effort to prevent the transport of coal through their neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups have \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2023/08/01/oakland-environmentalists-say-airport-expansion-bad-pollution-climate/\">also raised concern\u003c/a> about the Port’s plan to expand the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the future of the Eagle Rock project, Brian Beveridge, co-director of the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project, said the group will continue to keep an eye on whether the Port is keeping its part of the deal, and will keep residents informed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone in a neighborhood [cannot] spend their life trying to keep an eye on whether a gravel terminal is doing the right thing or not,” Beveridge said. “And so we try to serve that role and help. When there’s something the community needs to think about, we make sure they know about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Polynesian Voyaging Canoe Visits San Francisco While Circumnavigating Pacific",
"headTitle": "Polynesian Voyaging Canoe Visits San Francisco While Circumnavigating Pacific | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Polynesian voyaging canoe, \u003ca href=\"https://hokulea.com/\">Hōkūleʻa\u003c/a>, docked in San Francisco waters on Sunday, to the excitement of hundreds of people at Aquatic Park Cove. The last time Hōkūleʻa made an appearance in San Francisco was in 1995, almost 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hōkūleʻa, which means “Star of Gladness,” is a 62-foot, double-hulled voyaging canoe built and launched in 1975. It has sailed over 140,000 nautical miles across the Pacific. It is currently on a \u003ca href=\"https://hokulea.com/moananuiakea/\">Moananuiākea Voyage\u003c/a>, aiming to circumnavigate the Pacific, which will take 4 years to complete and involve 36 countries and archipelagoes. The journey started earlier this year in May from Juneau, Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Nainoa Thompson, navigator and CEO, Polynesian Voyaging Society\"]‘I don’t believe there will ever be any healthy living system on Earth if the oceans are not healthy.’[/pullquote]Led by the Polynesian Voyaging Society (PVS), the voyage is a global educational campaign that highlights the importance of oceans and indigenous knowledge through port engagements, education and storytelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are so grateful for all the communities that have already hosted us and received us and allowed us to share space with them and see their ocean, their land,” said Lucy Lee, a Hōkūleʻa crew member. As a crew member on Hōkūleʻa, Lee is training to be a navigator and learning the \u003ca href=\"https://hokulea.com/polynesian-wayfinding/\">traditional wayfinding methods\u003c/a> by observing the stars and celestial bodies, as well as all the elements of nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can watch a \u003ca href=\"https://hokulea.com/livestream-hokulea-san-francisco-arrival/\">livestream of Hōkūleʻa here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984402\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1984402\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People row a boat as others watch.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Six-man outrigger canoes ferry the crew of the Hokule’a to the beach during a welcome ceremony in San Francisco on Sept. 24, 2023. \u003ccite>(Aryk Copley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the compass, sextant and GPS, Pacific Islanders navigated the open sea, relying on the stars, sun, ocean swells and nature’s cues for direction. While this ancient art was used well into the 20th century in areas of Micronesia, modernization and Western influences threatened its survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hōkūleʻa was launched 48 years ago, not many Hawaiians knew about traditional navigation methods like using the stars and the direction of the wind, said Nainoa Thompson, navigator and CEO of the Polynesian Voyaging Society. “Everything that we do now was taught by extraordinary teachers,” he said. Thompson learned this ancient skill from the legendary Mau Piailug of Satawal, Micronesia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mau is a master because he lives in the realm of magic. His relationship to nature and to the ocean is about oneness. That is what we sail for, the connection to nature,” said Thompson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984404\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1984404\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People in colorful tunics are surrounded by a crowd beside a body of water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crew of the Hokule’a are prepared for their greeting with tribal hosts. \u003ccite>(Aryk Copley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thompson also delved into celestial navigation with Will Kyselka at the Bishop Museum planetarium in Honolulu and studied oceanography and meteorology at the University of Hawai’i.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1976, Mau guided Hōkūle‘a’s first voyage to Tahiti, and Thompson later served as a wayfinder on Hōkūle‘a’s journeys in 1980 and 1985–87. In 1992, he began training a new generation of navigators from Hawai‘i and the Pacific islands, preserving this rich tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe there will ever be any healthy living system on Earth if the oceans are not healthy,” said Thompson. “I believe, [if] you kill the oceans, you kill our children’s future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1973, the Polynesian Voyaging Society has aimed to preserve Polynesian voyaging and exploration while inspiring respect for people, nature and culture. Their educational programs emphasize the significance of oceans, indigenous wisdom, community, education and sustainability, fostering a global commitment to Earth’s well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we can beat the climate crisis. We can beat the crisis of biodiversity loss, we can win the challenge of sustainability if we come together,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Moani Heimuli, a captain of Hōkūleʻa, it’s important for communities to protect their oceans and to continue voyaging. As a fourth-generation voyager, Heimuli would like to see seven generations from now, “our kids still get to live and live off a healthy ocean,” said Heimuli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1984406\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People hug and smile at each other beside a body of water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crew of the Hokule’a greet tribal hosts, friends and family during their visit in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Aryk Copley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a beautiful thing because it’s a thriving living culture. Now, we’re no longer museum pieces. We’re a living voyaging culture again,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hōkūleʻa has been moved to Hyde Street Pier, where it will be open to \u003ca href=\"https://hokulea.com/hokulea-san-francisco-public-events/\">free public viewing\u003c/a> from 1 to 4 p.m. through Wednesday. The canoe will sail down to Half Moon Bay this Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Katherine Monahan contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Led by the Polynesian Voyaging Society (PVS), the voyage is a global educational campaign that highlights the importance of oceans and indigenous knowledge through port engagements, education and storytelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are so grateful for all the communities that have already hosted us and received us and allowed us to share space with them and see their ocean, their land,” said Lucy Lee, a Hōkūleʻa crew member. As a crew member on Hōkūleʻa, Lee is training to be a navigator and learning the \u003ca href=\"https://hokulea.com/polynesian-wayfinding/\">traditional wayfinding methods\u003c/a> by observing the stars and celestial bodies, as well as all the elements of nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can watch a \u003ca href=\"https://hokulea.com/livestream-hokulea-san-francisco-arrival/\">livestream of Hōkūleʻa here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984402\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1984402\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People row a boat as others watch.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-01-AC-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Six-man outrigger canoes ferry the crew of the Hokule’a to the beach during a welcome ceremony in San Francisco on Sept. 24, 2023. \u003ccite>(Aryk Copley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the compass, sextant and GPS, Pacific Islanders navigated the open sea, relying on the stars, sun, ocean swells and nature’s cues for direction. While this ancient art was used well into the 20th century in areas of Micronesia, modernization and Western influences threatened its survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hōkūleʻa was launched 48 years ago, not many Hawaiians knew about traditional navigation methods like using the stars and the direction of the wind, said Nainoa Thompson, navigator and CEO of the Polynesian Voyaging Society. “Everything that we do now was taught by extraordinary teachers,” he said. Thompson learned this ancient skill from the legendary Mau Piailug of Satawal, Micronesia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mau is a master because he lives in the realm of magic. His relationship to nature and to the ocean is about oneness. That is what we sail for, the connection to nature,” said Thompson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984404\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1984404\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People in colorful tunics are surrounded by a crowd beside a body of water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-06-AC-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crew of the Hokule’a are prepared for their greeting with tribal hosts. \u003ccite>(Aryk Copley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thompson also delved into celestial navigation with Will Kyselka at the Bishop Museum planetarium in Honolulu and studied oceanography and meteorology at the University of Hawai’i.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1976, Mau guided Hōkūle‘a’s first voyage to Tahiti, and Thompson later served as a wayfinder on Hōkūle‘a’s journeys in 1980 and 1985–87. In 1992, he began training a new generation of navigators from Hawai‘i and the Pacific islands, preserving this rich tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe there will ever be any healthy living system on Earth if the oceans are not healthy,” said Thompson. “I believe, [if] you kill the oceans, you kill our children’s future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1973, the Polynesian Voyaging Society has aimed to preserve Polynesian voyaging and exploration while inspiring respect for people, nature and culture. Their educational programs emphasize the significance of oceans, indigenous wisdom, community, education and sustainability, fostering a global commitment to Earth’s well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we can beat the climate crisis. We can beat the crisis of biodiversity loss, we can win the challenge of sustainability if we come together,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Moani Heimuli, a captain of Hōkūleʻa, it’s important for communities to protect their oceans and to continue voyaging. As a fourth-generation voyager, Heimuli would like to see seven generations from now, “our kids still get to live and live off a healthy ocean,” said Heimuli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1984406\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People hug and smile at each other beside a body of water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/230924-Hokulea-Voyaging-Vessel-in-Aquatic-Park-14-AC-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crew of the Hokule’a greet tribal hosts, friends and family during their visit in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Aryk Copley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a beautiful thing because it’s a thriving living culture. Now, we’re no longer museum pieces. We’re a living voyaging culture again,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hōkūleʻa has been moved to Hyde Street Pier, where it will be open to \u003ca href=\"https://hokulea.com/hokulea-san-francisco-public-events/\">free public viewing\u003c/a> from 1 to 4 p.m. through Wednesday. The canoe will sail down to Half Moon Bay this Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Katherine Monahan contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story aired \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11960944/restoring-meadows-in-sierra-nevada-a-key-to-healthy-ecosystems\">on The California Report \u003c/a>— and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-08-25/in-a-burn-scar-along-californias-sierra-nevada-green-glaciers-hold-a-key-to-forest-health\">originally aired on KVPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think of a meadow, you might picture a field of flowers straight out of a postcard, no trees in sight. But meadows are also key to forest health. And in the Sierra Nevada, most of the meadows that play this role have been degraded or lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to restore these ecosystems, some groups say we must adopt the mindset of small creatures, like rodents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Swift, owner of Swift Water Design, has dedicated his career to restoring meadows in the Sierra Nevada — specifically one a few miles above Shaver Lake called the Lower Grouse Meadow, which was severely affected by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836958/california-sets-record-with-2m-acres-burned-so-far-this-year\">the 2020 Creek Fire\u003c/a>. As a result of the fire, that area is surrounded by barren hillsides and blackened, charred pine trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11644304,news_11933052 label='Fire Restoration in the Sierras']But here, in this meadow just above Shaver Lake, gravel and desiccated tree bark give way to tall grasses, purple wildflowers and buzzing pollinators. Like a strip of black-and-white film that’s been colorized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift and his team managed to restore this meadow by building small dams along a stream — replicating what animals would have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make dams, he says, think: “dirt lasagna.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a straightforward process involving layers of branches and mud, compacted together, mimicking what beavers have been doing for millions of years, Swift says. It’s also what indigenous people had been doing for centuries as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is the beating heart of a meadow, and dams, whether built by beavers or humans, create mini wetlands. These wetlands slow erosion, support wildlife and serve as natural firebreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we want groundwater to rise up, we want surface water to spread out and we want the whole water to be backed up to create, we like to call them, ‘green glaciers,’” said Karen Pope, a research ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pope was curious to know how many meadows there are in the Sierra. So she and other ecologists taught computers how to find them from satellite images. The algorithm uncovered thousands, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/psw/news/releases/machine-learning-promotes-meadow-restoration\">covering three times more land than previously known\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most are in bad shape — overgrown, obliterated by wildfire, or damaged due to mining and other industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 5% are actually functioning in any proper sustainable way, productive way. So clearly we have a large task ahead of us,” said Dean Gould, Sierra National Forest Supervisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meadows, it turns out, have significant environmental value. They can help mitigate climate change, according to Pope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recovering meadows sequester carbon, and they can sequester up to six times more than the surrounding forest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meadows in the midsummer are also a critical habitat for endangered animals, like the Great Gray Owl and the Greater Sandhill Cranes, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd591300.pdf\">the U.S. Forest Service (PDF)\u003c/a>. In the summer, healthy meadows are like natural sponges that soak up spring snowmelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further, meadows hold cultural importance to indigenous communities and have served as gathering sites for thousands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Karen Pope, US Forest Service\"]‘I have to admit that this is the most exciting work I’ve ever done.’[/pullquote]Pope is optimistic about the restoration of the Sierran meadows. She recently co-founded a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slobeaverbrigade.com/2022/05/16/california-process-based-restoration-network/\">California Process-Based Restoration Network\u003c/a> to promote this work, and many individuals have joined the cause. She believes that the small pilot meadow off Highway 168, where Swift has been working, exemplifies what’s achievable and how restoring meadows can benefit the entire Sierra region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to admit that this is the most exciting work I’ve ever done. It absolutely makes me feel like I’m not just doing research but actually doing something to help,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift’s work to restore the Lower Grouse Meadow was contracted by the U.S. Forest Service, underscoring its importance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s passionate about the work, even though witnessing so much degraded land can be emotionally taxing. “I tell everybody, if there’s another way you can make a living, do that, because this is hard on the soul,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, as he watches a tiny frog disappear into the stream, he adds, “Or it is until you see a meadow like this recover. Then it’s easy again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story aired \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11960944/restoring-meadows-in-sierra-nevada-a-key-to-healthy-ecosystems\">on The California Report \u003c/a>— and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-08-25/in-a-burn-scar-along-californias-sierra-nevada-green-glaciers-hold-a-key-to-forest-health\">originally aired on KVPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think of a meadow, you might picture a field of flowers straight out of a postcard, no trees in sight. But meadows are also key to forest health. And in the Sierra Nevada, most of the meadows that play this role have been degraded or lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to restore these ecosystems, some groups say we must adopt the mindset of small creatures, like rodents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Swift, owner of Swift Water Design, has dedicated his career to restoring meadows in the Sierra Nevada — specifically one a few miles above Shaver Lake called the Lower Grouse Meadow, which was severely affected by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836958/california-sets-record-with-2m-acres-burned-so-far-this-year\">the 2020 Creek Fire\u003c/a>. As a result of the fire, that area is surrounded by barren hillsides and blackened, charred pine trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But here, in this meadow just above Shaver Lake, gravel and desiccated tree bark give way to tall grasses, purple wildflowers and buzzing pollinators. Like a strip of black-and-white film that’s been colorized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift and his team managed to restore this meadow by building small dams along a stream — replicating what animals would have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make dams, he says, think: “dirt lasagna.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a straightforward process involving layers of branches and mud, compacted together, mimicking what beavers have been doing for millions of years, Swift says. It’s also what indigenous people had been doing for centuries as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is the beating heart of a meadow, and dams, whether built by beavers or humans, create mini wetlands. These wetlands slow erosion, support wildlife and serve as natural firebreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we want groundwater to rise up, we want surface water to spread out and we want the whole water to be backed up to create, we like to call them, ‘green glaciers,’” said Karen Pope, a research ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pope was curious to know how many meadows there are in the Sierra. So she and other ecologists taught computers how to find them from satellite images. The algorithm uncovered thousands, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/psw/news/releases/machine-learning-promotes-meadow-restoration\">covering three times more land than previously known\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most are in bad shape — overgrown, obliterated by wildfire, or damaged due to mining and other industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 5% are actually functioning in any proper sustainable way, productive way. So clearly we have a large task ahead of us,” said Dean Gould, Sierra National Forest Supervisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meadows, it turns out, have significant environmental value. They can help mitigate climate change, according to Pope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recovering meadows sequester carbon, and they can sequester up to six times more than the surrounding forest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meadows in the midsummer are also a critical habitat for endangered animals, like the Great Gray Owl and the Greater Sandhill Cranes, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd591300.pdf\">the U.S. Forest Service (PDF)\u003c/a>. In the summer, healthy meadows are like natural sponges that soak up spring snowmelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further, meadows hold cultural importance to indigenous communities and have served as gathering sites for thousands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Pope is optimistic about the restoration of the Sierran meadows. She recently co-founded a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slobeaverbrigade.com/2022/05/16/california-process-based-restoration-network/\">California Process-Based Restoration Network\u003c/a> to promote this work, and many individuals have joined the cause. She believes that the small pilot meadow off Highway 168, where Swift has been working, exemplifies what’s achievable and how restoring meadows can benefit the entire Sierra region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to admit that this is the most exciting work I’ve ever done. It absolutely makes me feel like I’m not just doing research but actually doing something to help,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift’s work to restore the Lower Grouse Meadow was contracted by the U.S. Forest Service, underscoring its importance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s passionate about the work, even though witnessing so much degraded land can be emotionally taxing. “I tell everybody, if there’s another way you can make a living, do that, because this is hard on the soul,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, as he watches a tiny frog disappear into the stream, he adds, “Or it is until you see a meadow like this recover. Then it’s easy again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
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"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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}
},
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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