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"headTitle": "The Bay Area: Ground Zero for Earth Day? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/11100354_906310292767595_495524832380603643_n.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29508 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/11100354_906310292767595_495524832380603643_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saturday’s Earth Day celebration at The David Brower Center in Berkeley (Gael McKeon/The David Brower Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaylord Nelson, the Wisconsin senator who created \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/earth-day-tv-special-where-weve-been-where-were-headed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day\u003c/a>, never envisioned it as an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1970 he proposed a national teach-in, a day for universities across the country to hold “soul-searching” discussions about environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the day was such a hit—35,000 speakers and 20 million participants attended over 12,000 events across the country—that he thought it should be an annual event. And the nation agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This April 22 is the nation’s 46th Earth Day, the world’s most celebrated secular holiday, according to the Earth Day Network. But the ramifications of the first Earth Day’s success were much larger than the holiday itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really wasn’t an environmental movement before Earth Day,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.udel.edu/adamrome/fac-bio/adam-rome/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Rome\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental history at the University of Delaware, and author of \u003cem>The Genius of Earth Day\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There really wasn’t an environmental movement before Earth Day.’\u003ccite>– Adam Rome,Environmental historian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most of the major environmental regulations and organizations we have today, including the Environmental Protection Agency, the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, the Environmental Defense Fund, and the National Resources Defense Council, grew out of that one day in April 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were already concerned with specific local problems, like polluted water and air, Rome says, but Earth Day was the first time these concerns coalesced into “environmental issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing people together to talk about the environment as a whole and how it could be protected had a powerful impact on nearly everyone involved, including U.S. lawmakers. On the original Earth Day, Congress shut down and two-thirds of its members spoke at Earth Day events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon formed the Environmental Protection Agency nine months after the event. The Clean Air Act was passed within the year, and the Clean Water Act put into place just two years later. Meanwhile, in the Bay Area, environmentalism was already a few steps ahead of the rest of the nation, but the energy from Earth Day gave the movement momentum that’s still carrying it forward today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Earth Day in the Bay Area: A Green Hub\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29507\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 281px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/BrowerEarthDay.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29507 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/BrowerEarthDay.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The David Brower Center in Berkeley had its first Earth Day celebration on Saturday. Street art and flowers were part of the fun (Gael McKeon/The David Brower Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Part of what’s amazing about Earth Day in the Bay Area is in many ways this is where the environmental movement in the U.S was born,” says Jackie Hasa of the David Brower Center in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long before Nelson had his environmental awakening in Santa Barbara, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/04/16/celebrate-earth-day-at-john-muir-family-home/\">John Muir\u003c/a> in Martinez dreamt up the idea for the National Parks Service. Frederick Law Olmsted in San Francisco proposed Golden Gate Park and Caroline Livermore in Marin successfully campaigned to preserve green space on Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This conservationist, activist spirit of the Bay Area may have been part of Nelson’s inspiration. He and the student he selected to coordinate the first Earth Day, Denis Hayes, both spent some of their formative years in the Bay Area—Nelson went to college at San Jose State University and Hayes went to Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students at Nelson’s alma mater were so excited about Earth Day, they celebrated a few months ahead of the rest of the nation: they started drumming up support for environmental causes in February 1970 by purchasing a new Ford Maverick and then burying it in the campus lawn to protest, “ecologically insane behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This event, and the area’s long history of conservationism, put the Bay Area on the map as a center of environmental action before the first Earth Day and it has remained that way ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Earth Day 1970 injected new energy and enthusiasm–the Sierra Club, started by John Muir in San Francisco, tripled in size, and, led by David Brower (a Berkeley native) became an overtly environmentalist organization. A group of green-minded San Francisco lawyers, inspired by all of the Earth Day action, formed Earthjustice in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, 45 years later, Bay Area cities consistently \u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2008-02/americas-50-greenest-cities?image=2%22\">rank among the greenest in the nation\u003c/a>. But cities and individuals can always do more, and Hasa and Rome agree the most important function of Earth Day is to provide a day of reflection, to “think about the issues we are still facing today, like climate change,” Hasa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rome says this is what Nelson had in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was so great about the first Earth Day was it forced people to ask themselves, ‘Why does this matter? What’s at stake? What can I do?’,” he says. “Nelson trusted that if people just got together and talked about environmental issues, they would realize they cared more than they thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasa hopes that this Earth Day, Bay Area residents will take this opportunity to “both celebrate nature, and think about how we can be even better stewards of nature in the future.” Today, the Bay Area still is “a hub for the movement, both for the nation and the state, ” she says. “So the ripple effects of what happens here have a big impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents have a host of Earth Day celebrations to choose from, if they are so inclined:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>San Francisco\u003c/div>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1018934201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day Film Series\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crafty Friday: Earth Day\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/events/volunteer-events/special-events/mt-tam-earth-day-service.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mt. Tamalpais Earth Day\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificabeachcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacifica Beach Coalition Earth Day of Action and EcoFest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://myearthdaymarin.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">My Earth Day Marin\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>Alameda\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://alamedaca.gov/recreation/earth-day-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda Earth Day Festival\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>Berkeley\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://serc.berkeley.edu/earthweek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Earth Week\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>San Jose\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ercsjsu.org/earth-day.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or find Earth Day events across the country at \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthday.org/greencities/events/#United%20States\">Earth Day Network.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/11100354_906310292767595_495524832380603643_n.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29508 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/11100354_906310292767595_495524832380603643_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saturday’s Earth Day celebration at The David Brower Center in Berkeley (Gael McKeon/The David Brower Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaylord Nelson, the Wisconsin senator who created \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/earth-day-tv-special-where-weve-been-where-were-headed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day\u003c/a>, never envisioned it as an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1970 he proposed a national teach-in, a day for universities across the country to hold “soul-searching” discussions about environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the day was such a hit—35,000 speakers and 20 million participants attended over 12,000 events across the country—that he thought it should be an annual event. And the nation agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This April 22 is the nation’s 46th Earth Day, the world’s most celebrated secular holiday, according to the Earth Day Network. But the ramifications of the first Earth Day’s success were much larger than the holiday itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really wasn’t an environmental movement before Earth Day,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.udel.edu/adamrome/fac-bio/adam-rome/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Rome\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental history at the University of Delaware, and author of \u003cem>The Genius of Earth Day\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There really wasn’t an environmental movement before Earth Day.’\u003ccite>– Adam Rome,Environmental historian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most of the major environmental regulations and organizations we have today, including the Environmental Protection Agency, the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, the Environmental Defense Fund, and the National Resources Defense Council, grew out of that one day in April 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were already concerned with specific local problems, like polluted water and air, Rome says, but Earth Day was the first time these concerns coalesced into “environmental issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing people together to talk about the environment as a whole and how it could be protected had a powerful impact on nearly everyone involved, including U.S. lawmakers. On the original Earth Day, Congress shut down and two-thirds of its members spoke at Earth Day events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon formed the Environmental Protection Agency nine months after the event. The Clean Air Act was passed within the year, and the Clean Water Act put into place just two years later. Meanwhile, in the Bay Area, environmentalism was already a few steps ahead of the rest of the nation, but the energy from Earth Day gave the movement momentum that’s still carrying it forward today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Earth Day in the Bay Area: A Green Hub\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29507\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 281px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/BrowerEarthDay.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29507 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/BrowerEarthDay.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The David Brower Center in Berkeley had its first Earth Day celebration on Saturday. Street art and flowers were part of the fun (Gael McKeon/The David Brower Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Part of what’s amazing about Earth Day in the Bay Area is in many ways this is where the environmental movement in the U.S was born,” says Jackie Hasa of the David Brower Center in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long before Nelson had his environmental awakening in Santa Barbara, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/04/16/celebrate-earth-day-at-john-muir-family-home/\">John Muir\u003c/a> in Martinez dreamt up the idea for the National Parks Service. Frederick Law Olmsted in San Francisco proposed Golden Gate Park and Caroline Livermore in Marin successfully campaigned to preserve green space on Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This conservationist, activist spirit of the Bay Area may have been part of Nelson’s inspiration. He and the student he selected to coordinate the first Earth Day, Denis Hayes, both spent some of their formative years in the Bay Area—Nelson went to college at San Jose State University and Hayes went to Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students at Nelson’s alma mater were so excited about Earth Day, they celebrated a few months ahead of the rest of the nation: they started drumming up support for environmental causes in February 1970 by purchasing a new Ford Maverick and then burying it in the campus lawn to protest, “ecologically insane behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This event, and the area’s long history of conservationism, put the Bay Area on the map as a center of environmental action before the first Earth Day and it has remained that way ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Earth Day 1970 injected new energy and enthusiasm–the Sierra Club, started by John Muir in San Francisco, tripled in size, and, led by David Brower (a Berkeley native) became an overtly environmentalist organization. A group of green-minded San Francisco lawyers, inspired by all of the Earth Day action, formed Earthjustice in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, 45 years later, Bay Area cities consistently \u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2008-02/americas-50-greenest-cities?image=2%22\">rank among the greenest in the nation\u003c/a>. But cities and individuals can always do more, and Hasa and Rome agree the most important function of Earth Day is to provide a day of reflection, to “think about the issues we are still facing today, like climate change,” Hasa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rome says this is what Nelson had in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was so great about the first Earth Day was it forced people to ask themselves, ‘Why does this matter? What’s at stake? What can I do?’,” he says. “Nelson trusted that if people just got together and talked about environmental issues, they would realize they cared more than they thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasa hopes that this Earth Day, Bay Area residents will take this opportunity to “both celebrate nature, and think about how we can be even better stewards of nature in the future.” Today, the Bay Area still is “a hub for the movement, both for the nation and the state, ” she says. “So the ripple effects of what happens here have a big impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents have a host of Earth Day celebrations to choose from, if they are so inclined:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>San Francisco\u003c/div>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1018934201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day Film Series\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crafty Friday: Earth Day\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/events/volunteer-events/special-events/mt-tam-earth-day-service.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mt. Tamalpais Earth Day\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificabeachcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacifica Beach Coalition Earth Day of Action and EcoFest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://myearthdaymarin.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">My Earth Day Marin\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>Alameda\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://alamedaca.gov/recreation/earth-day-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda Earth Day Festival\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>Berkeley\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://serc.berkeley.edu/earthweek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Earth Week\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>San Jose\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ercsjsu.org/earth-day.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or find Earth Day events across the country at \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthday.org/greencities/events/#United%20States\">Earth Day Network.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "When City Codes Clash With State Water Rules, Confusion Reigns",
"headTitle": "When City Codes Clash With State Water Rules, Confusion Reigns | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14889_photo-5.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29487\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14889_photo-5.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Atkinson is tearing up his lawn in Hanford, which will save water but violate local landscape codes. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Atkinson is tearing up his lawn in Hanford, which will save water but violate local landscape codes. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In some California cities, brown is not quite the new green. In fact, it’s downright illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the Kings County city of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.hanford.ca.us/\">Hanford\u003c/a>, where we found Tim Atkinson taking a pickaxe to his lawn, sweating and huffing as he hacked away at a stubborn root. He was pulling out some grass and putting in a rock planter to help save water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Inside, we’re going to put blue rock,” says Atkinson, a retired paint store owner. “It’ll be decorative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that in Hanford, it’s against the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current code requires that you plant your front yard in primarily living materials, which include turf, shrubbery and trees,” explains Darlene Mata, Hanford’s community development director. She oversees code enforcement for this city of about 56,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mata and city manager Darrel Pyle drive me through town and stop in front of a house where the homeowners have clearly decided to turn off the sprinklers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way the ordinance is currently written,” says Pyle, “this lawn would be deemed to be unmaintained, but he’s not using any water to irrigate, so right now, we’re looking at what is the lesser of two evils?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Predicament for Cities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mata points to a neighboring house with a rock garden like the one Tim Atkinson wants to put in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ghbGXbuN5D5jKbPuvSIB2L2AZnIJWUQ7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem we have now, people are requesting to put concrete, rock fronts with minimal shrubbery or put artificial turf. All of those are non-living materials,” he says. “Currently we can’t approve that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who do put in fake grass or rock gardens run the risk of having to pull them out if the city catches them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current ordinance requires that we tell people no, but we realize some of the things [homeowners] are asking us to do would be beneficial to the community and to the state as a whole,” says Mata.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So when our code is no longer logical, that’s the predicament we’re in,” adds Pyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s stopped sending warning letters to homeowners violating the “living landscape” ordinance and is no longer issuing $500 a day citations either. Instead, local officials are working on changing their ordinance. Hanford’s anticipating a \u003ca href=\"//www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/draft_usage_tiers.pdfor\">state mandate\u003c/a> to cut water use by 32 percent or face penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Atkinson’s hoping city officials look the other way when it comes to his rock garden. From a water conservation perspective, he and his wife Edna are model citizens. They collect water while they’re waiting for the kitchen sink and shower to heat up and use it to hand-water their plants. According to his calculations, they’ve reduced their personal water consumption nearly 40 percent over the last two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkinson remembers how lush California seemed when he arrived as a child in the 1940s. He recalls going to an older brother’s house and marveling at his lawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water was running, and sprinklers and this and that,” he recalls. He also remembers his brother’s response. “He said, ‘No problem, $2 a month, use all you want,'” says Atkinson, who retains his Oklahoma twang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back when water was $2 a month, use all you want, ordinances of grass and no rock probably made sense for beauty. Doesn’t make any sense today, does it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1889px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14888_photo-4.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29489\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14888_photo-4.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt='In cities that require \"living landscapes,\" rockscapes like this one in Hanford violate local ordinances. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)' width=\"1889\" height=\"1231\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In cities that require “living landscapes,” rockscapes like this one in Hanford violate local ordinances. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Change in the Wind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear just how many California cities will have to change their local ordinances under the governor’s new drought mandate. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/docs/ab_1881_bill.pdf\">bill\u003c/a> (mostly aimed at new developments) passed nearly a decade ago requiring cities and counties to adopt water-efficient landscape rules by 2010. But when \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/docs/DirectorLetterAdoption.pdf\">asked to send their plans\u003c/a> to the state Department of Water Resources, more than 150 cities \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/docs/LandscapOrdinanceReport_to_Leg-4-22-2011.pdf\">didn’t even respond\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just down the road from Hanford, in the town of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofcorcoran.com/\">Corcoran\u003c/a>, people come to pay their water bill at city hall. Many of them are farmworkers who pay in cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lobby, framed yellowed newspapers on the walls tell the history of this cotton town, built on top of what was once the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1997-02-13/news/mn-28291_1_tulare-lake\">largest freshwater lake\u003c/a> in the West. One headline reads: “Farmers Fear Floods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re used to having water come in abundance, and sometimes having too much water,” says Kindon Meik, city manager just down the road in Corcoran. “In fact, much of the western portion of the city is set up in the 100-year flood plain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a long time, Corcoran residents have pretty much been able to water whenever they wanted. City parks and schools are still exempt from all watering restrictions, but as of this month, residents are \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofcorcoran.com/news/displaynews.asp?NewsID=128&TargetID=1\">limited to three days a week\u003c/a>. The city can’t cut back watering days any further, under city code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very archaic,” says Meik of the code. “It’s set up on the idea that there’s going to be abundant water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Corcoran — which is entirely reliant on groundwater — is drilling a new, deeper well to serve its 26,000 residents, half of whom are inmates at the state prison located there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water board says Corcoran will likely need to cut water use by 36 percent — so Meik and the city council are scrambling to change the code before state-imposed drought rules kick in this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he’s got to find money to help with local enforcement. Right now, four people staff the water department. They’re mostly focused on water treatment and delivery, not knocking on doors to catch water wasters.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14889_photo-5.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29487\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14889_photo-5.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Atkinson is tearing up his lawn in Hanford, which will save water but violate local landscape codes. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Atkinson is tearing up his lawn in Hanford, which will save water but violate local landscape codes. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In some California cities, brown is not quite the new green. In fact, it’s downright illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the Kings County city of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.hanford.ca.us/\">Hanford\u003c/a>, where we found Tim Atkinson taking a pickaxe to his lawn, sweating and huffing as he hacked away at a stubborn root. He was pulling out some grass and putting in a rock planter to help save water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Inside, we’re going to put blue rock,” says Atkinson, a retired paint store owner. “It’ll be decorative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that in Hanford, it’s against the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current code requires that you plant your front yard in primarily living materials, which include turf, shrubbery and trees,” explains Darlene Mata, Hanford’s community development director. She oversees code enforcement for this city of about 56,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mata and city manager Darrel Pyle drive me through town and stop in front of a house where the homeowners have clearly decided to turn off the sprinklers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way the ordinance is currently written,” says Pyle, “this lawn would be deemed to be unmaintained, but he’s not using any water to irrigate, so right now, we’re looking at what is the lesser of two evils?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Predicament for Cities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mata points to a neighboring house with a rock garden like the one Tim Atkinson wants to put in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem we have now, people are requesting to put concrete, rock fronts with minimal shrubbery or put artificial turf. All of those are non-living materials,” he says. “Currently we can’t approve that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who do put in fake grass or rock gardens run the risk of having to pull them out if the city catches them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current ordinance requires that we tell people no, but we realize some of the things [homeowners] are asking us to do would be beneficial to the community and to the state as a whole,” says Mata.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So when our code is no longer logical, that’s the predicament we’re in,” adds Pyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s stopped sending warning letters to homeowners violating the “living landscape” ordinance and is no longer issuing $500 a day citations either. Instead, local officials are working on changing their ordinance. Hanford’s anticipating a \u003ca href=\"//www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/draft_usage_tiers.pdfor\">state mandate\u003c/a> to cut water use by 32 percent or face penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Atkinson’s hoping city officials look the other way when it comes to his rock garden. From a water conservation perspective, he and his wife Edna are model citizens. They collect water while they’re waiting for the kitchen sink and shower to heat up and use it to hand-water their plants. According to his calculations, they’ve reduced their personal water consumption nearly 40 percent over the last two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkinson remembers how lush California seemed when he arrived as a child in the 1940s. He recalls going to an older brother’s house and marveling at his lawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water was running, and sprinklers and this and that,” he recalls. He also remembers his brother’s response. “He said, ‘No problem, $2 a month, use all you want,'” says Atkinson, who retains his Oklahoma twang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back when water was $2 a month, use all you want, ordinances of grass and no rock probably made sense for beauty. Doesn’t make any sense today, does it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1889px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14888_photo-4.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29489\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14888_photo-4.JPG-qut.jpg\" alt='In cities that require \"living landscapes,\" rockscapes like this one in Hanford violate local ordinances. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)' width=\"1889\" height=\"1231\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In cities that require “living landscapes,” rockscapes like this one in Hanford violate local ordinances. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Change in the Wind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear just how many California cities will have to change their local ordinances under the governor’s new drought mandate. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/docs/ab_1881_bill.pdf\">bill\u003c/a> (mostly aimed at new developments) passed nearly a decade ago requiring cities and counties to adopt water-efficient landscape rules by 2010. But when \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/docs/DirectorLetterAdoption.pdf\">asked to send their plans\u003c/a> to the state Department of Water Resources, more than 150 cities \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/docs/LandscapOrdinanceReport_to_Leg-4-22-2011.pdf\">didn’t even respond\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just down the road from Hanford, in the town of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofcorcoran.com/\">Corcoran\u003c/a>, people come to pay their water bill at city hall. Many of them are farmworkers who pay in cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lobby, framed yellowed newspapers on the walls tell the history of this cotton town, built on top of what was once the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1997-02-13/news/mn-28291_1_tulare-lake\">largest freshwater lake\u003c/a> in the West. One headline reads: “Farmers Fear Floods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re used to having water come in abundance, and sometimes having too much water,” says Kindon Meik, city manager just down the road in Corcoran. “In fact, much of the western portion of the city is set up in the 100-year flood plain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a long time, Corcoran residents have pretty much been able to water whenever they wanted. City parks and schools are still exempt from all watering restrictions, but as of this month, residents are \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofcorcoran.com/news/displaynews.asp?NewsID=128&TargetID=1\">limited to three days a week\u003c/a>. The city can’t cut back watering days any further, under city code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very archaic,” says Meik of the code. “It’s set up on the idea that there’s going to be abundant water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Corcoran — which is entirely reliant on groundwater — is drilling a new, deeper well to serve its 26,000 residents, half of whom are inmates at the state prison located there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water board says Corcoran will likely need to cut water use by 36 percent — so Meik and the city council are scrambling to change the code before state-imposed drought rules kick in this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he’s got to find money to help with local enforcement. Right now, four people staff the water department. They’re mostly focused on water treatment and delivery, not knocking on doors to catch water wasters.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Regulators Float New Drought Rules After Feedback Frenzy",
"headTitle": "Regulators Float New Drought Rules After Feedback Frenzy | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1792px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/iStock_000022187403_Medium.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29385\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/iStock_000022187403_Medium.jpg\" alt=\"Lawns and medians are in the crosshairs of California's new mandatory water restrictions. (iStock/Getty Images)\" width=\"1792\" height=\"1071\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawns and medians are in the crosshairs of California’s new mandatory water restrictions. (iStock/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s strategy to cut water use by 25 percent is a work in progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, regulators charged with implementing Gov. Jerry Brown’s sweeping \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://bit.ly/1aHXqZs\">mandate for statewide water savings\u003c/a> issued a revised plan based on more than 250 comments they received, many asking for changes in the preliminary framework issued in early April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - fact sheet\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/fact_sheet_implementing_25.pdf\">new plan\u003c/a>, drawn up by the State Water Resources Control Board, doubles the number of “tiers,” or conservation levels that local water agencies will be required to attain in the coming year. Cities will now have thresholds ranging from 8 to 36 percent, separated by smaller increments. Officials say the new structure will “lessen the disparities” between agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the new draft reassigns some local agencies to lower conservation targets, the highest number — 94 agencies, or nearly a quarter — are assigned the most stringent requirement of 36 percent water savings — for now. Only 23 agencies, including the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, are in the most permissive 8 percent tier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29381\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 490px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/WaterTiers.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29381\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/WaterTiers.jpeg\" alt=\"Breakdown of water saving thresholds that may be assigned to cities. R-GPCD refers to residential use measured as gallons per capita, per day. (SWRCB)\" width=\"490\" height=\"318\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Breakdown of water saving thresholds that may be assigned to cities. R-GPCD refers to residential use measured as gallons per capita, per day. (SWRCB)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to revising the tier structure, new provisions include softer treatment for some special cases:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture-intensive areas:\u003c/strong> The “handful” of suppliers that are classified as urban agencies but send more than 20 percent of their water to commercial agriculture can exclude the farm water portion from their savings calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water-flush areas:\u003c/strong> The relatively few spots, mostly on the North Coast, that are “not experiencing shortages” can petition for assignment to the lowest tier if they demonstrate that they have a multi-year supply available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Small suppliers:\u003c/strong> Utilities with more than 15 but fewer than 3,000 connections have a separate, less exacting standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The carrot:\u003c/strong> Cities that achieve high savings can ask to be reassigned to a special Tier 1, which carries only a 4 percent reduction threshold. No water agencies are currently in Tier 1, which is reserved for high achievers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water board chair Felicia Marcus says the special provision for agriculture-intensive suppliers is the fair thing to do, despite the “distracting and incorrect soundbites” in recent media coverage that imply that farms are getting a free pass. Marcus has repeatedly said that the farm belt is being cut back on water, but under a different mechanism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial and industrial users won’t be asked to cut into water use that’s essential to their businesses but will be asked to “target” discretionary use such as watering of ornamental landscapes on their properties. As to how that will be managed, Marcus says, “We’re leaving that judgment to local agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what residential water consumers or “end users” should be doing right now in response to the governor’s April 1 mandates, Marcus responds: “More of the same and doubling down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials continue to invite comments through next Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See how your town stacks up on the \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - tiers\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/draft_usage_tiers.pdf\">complete revised list\u003c/a> of assigned savings thresholds.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1792px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/iStock_000022187403_Medium.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29385\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/iStock_000022187403_Medium.jpg\" alt=\"Lawns and medians are in the crosshairs of California's new mandatory water restrictions. (iStock/Getty Images)\" width=\"1792\" height=\"1071\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawns and medians are in the crosshairs of California’s new mandatory water restrictions. (iStock/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s strategy to cut water use by 25 percent is a work in progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, regulators charged with implementing Gov. Jerry Brown’s sweeping \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://bit.ly/1aHXqZs\">mandate for statewide water savings\u003c/a> issued a revised plan based on more than 250 comments they received, many asking for changes in the preliminary framework issued in early April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - fact sheet\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/fact_sheet_implementing_25.pdf\">new plan\u003c/a>, drawn up by the State Water Resources Control Board, doubles the number of “tiers,” or conservation levels that local water agencies will be required to attain in the coming year. Cities will now have thresholds ranging from 8 to 36 percent, separated by smaller increments. Officials say the new structure will “lessen the disparities” between agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the new draft reassigns some local agencies to lower conservation targets, the highest number — 94 agencies, or nearly a quarter — are assigned the most stringent requirement of 36 percent water savings — for now. Only 23 agencies, including the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, are in the most permissive 8 percent tier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29381\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 490px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/WaterTiers.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29381\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/WaterTiers.jpeg\" alt=\"Breakdown of water saving thresholds that may be assigned to cities. R-GPCD refers to residential use measured as gallons per capita, per day. (SWRCB)\" width=\"490\" height=\"318\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Breakdown of water saving thresholds that may be assigned to cities. R-GPCD refers to residential use measured as gallons per capita, per day. (SWRCB)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to revising the tier structure, new provisions include softer treatment for some special cases:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture-intensive areas:\u003c/strong> The “handful” of suppliers that are classified as urban agencies but send more than 20 percent of their water to commercial agriculture can exclude the farm water portion from their savings calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water-flush areas:\u003c/strong> The relatively few spots, mostly on the North Coast, that are “not experiencing shortages” can petition for assignment to the lowest tier if they demonstrate that they have a multi-year supply available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Small suppliers:\u003c/strong> Utilities with more than 15 but fewer than 3,000 connections have a separate, less exacting standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The carrot:\u003c/strong> Cities that achieve high savings can ask to be reassigned to a special Tier 1, which carries only a 4 percent reduction threshold. No water agencies are currently in Tier 1, which is reserved for high achievers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water board chair Felicia Marcus says the special provision for agriculture-intensive suppliers is the fair thing to do, despite the “distracting and incorrect soundbites” in recent media coverage that imply that farms are getting a free pass. Marcus has repeatedly said that the farm belt is being cut back on water, but under a different mechanism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial and industrial users won’t be asked to cut into water use that’s essential to their businesses but will be asked to “target” discretionary use such as watering of ornamental landscapes on their properties. As to how that will be managed, Marcus says, “We’re leaving that judgment to local agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what residential water consumers or “end users” should be doing right now in response to the governor’s April 1 mandates, Marcus responds: “More of the same and doubling down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials continue to invite comments through next Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See how your town stacks up on the \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - tiers\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/draft_usage_tiers.pdf\">complete revised list\u003c/a> of assigned savings thresholds.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Last-Ditch Drought Strategy for the Delta: Rock Barriers",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29321\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/sutter-slough-salinity-barrier_feature-e1429228397949-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29321\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/sutter-slough-salinity-barrier_feature-e1429228397949-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"In the summer of 1976, the Department of Water Resources installed an emergency rock barrier in Sutter Slough. (California Department of Water Resources) \" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the summer of 1976, the Department of Water Resources installed an emergency rock barrier in Sutter Slough. (California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s something they haven’t resorted to since the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s monster drought drifts into its fourth year, state water managers are taking a drastic step to keep much of California’s water fit for drinking. The Department of Water Resources says it will have to construct at least one barrier to keep salt water from encroaching deep into the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of those \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\">extreme drought years\u003c/a> when there may not be enough natural flow in the rivers to push back the incoming tides. Officials say the “salinity barrier,” northeast of Oakley in Contra Costa County, will help keep that brackish water from mixing with fresh water used for drinking and irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be costs, financial and environmental, and even recreational; the barrier will be a temporary roadblock to boaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”nDTh3gQKEPbQvkVjcSnbZrmDLGcL02zq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials estimate it will cost $28 million for what is essentially an engineered rock pile, to be constructed in May and then taken down again in the fall. Then again:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want salt in your water,” says Randall Baxter, a Stockton-based senior biologist supervisor with the California Department of Fish & Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategic spot chosen for the barrier is a 750-foot-wide span of the West False River, less than a half-mile from where it meets the oncoming San Joaquin. It’s a kind of gateway to an area known as Frank’s Tract, which in turn leads to the huge pumps that draw freshwater for urban customers and farms. If salt water makes it that far, instead of washing back out with the ebb tide, it can often be trapped there, where it threatens drinking water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxter says there are potential costs to the already teetering Delta ecosystem, particularly for migrating salmon and steelhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are still fish coming through the system and will be for a while,” he says. “Putting a barrier in False River cuts out one of their emigration routes.” Baxter says it can also make the fish more vulnerable to predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental effects could be a mixed bag of good and ill. As Ellen Hanak and Jeff Mount write in a \u003ca title=\"PPIC - WPC - post\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/blog_detail.asp?i=1744\">recent post\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California’s new \u003ca title=\"PPIC - WPC - main\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\">Water Policy Center\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The water savings could also benefit some salmon runs, because more cold water could be saved upstream for release later in the year. But this approach will also involve new trade-offs, because reductions in Delta outflows are likely to harm \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/waterconditions/docs/Emergency_Drought_Barriers_Initial_Study_and_Proposed_Mitigated_Negative_Declaration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">delta smelt as well as salmon\u003c/a> migrating through the Delta. This is yet another example of the tough decisions water managers are having to make during these exceptionally dry times.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount and Hanak note that of the roughly four million acre-feet of water that made it through the Delta without being diverted last year, more than 70 percent of that volume was required just to keep salt water pushed back toward San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29321\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/sutter-slough-salinity-barrier_feature-e1429228397949-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29321\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/sutter-slough-salinity-barrier_feature-e1429228397949-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"In the summer of 1976, the Department of Water Resources installed an emergency rock barrier in Sutter Slough. (California Department of Water Resources) \" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the summer of 1976, the Department of Water Resources installed an emergency rock barrier in Sutter Slough. (California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s something they haven’t resorted to since the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s monster drought drifts into its fourth year, state water managers are taking a drastic step to keep much of California’s water fit for drinking. The Department of Water Resources says it will have to construct at least one barrier to keep salt water from encroaching deep into the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of those \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\">extreme drought years\u003c/a> when there may not be enough natural flow in the rivers to push back the incoming tides. Officials say the “salinity barrier,” northeast of Oakley in Contra Costa County, will help keep that brackish water from mixing with fresh water used for drinking and irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be costs, financial and environmental, and even recreational; the barrier will be a temporary roadblock to boaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials estimate it will cost $28 million for what is essentially an engineered rock pile, to be constructed in May and then taken down again in the fall. Then again:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want salt in your water,” says Randall Baxter, a Stockton-based senior biologist supervisor with the California Department of Fish & Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategic spot chosen for the barrier is a 750-foot-wide span of the West False River, less than a half-mile from where it meets the oncoming San Joaquin. It’s a kind of gateway to an area known as Frank’s Tract, which in turn leads to the huge pumps that draw freshwater for urban customers and farms. If salt water makes it that far, instead of washing back out with the ebb tide, it can often be trapped there, where it threatens drinking water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxter says there are potential costs to the already teetering Delta ecosystem, particularly for migrating salmon and steelhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are still fish coming through the system and will be for a while,” he says. “Putting a barrier in False River cuts out one of their emigration routes.” Baxter says it can also make the fish more vulnerable to predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental effects could be a mixed bag of good and ill. As Ellen Hanak and Jeff Mount write in a \u003ca title=\"PPIC - WPC - post\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/blog_detail.asp?i=1744\">recent post\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California’s new \u003ca title=\"PPIC - WPC - main\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\">Water Policy Center\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The water savings could also benefit some salmon runs, because more cold water could be saved upstream for release later in the year. But this approach will also involve new trade-offs, because reductions in Delta outflows are likely to harm \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/waterconditions/docs/Emergency_Drought_Barriers_Initial_Study_and_Proposed_Mitigated_Negative_Declaration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">delta smelt as well as salmon\u003c/a> migrating through the Delta. This is yet another example of the tough decisions water managers are having to make during these exceptionally dry times.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount and Hanak note that of the roughly four million acre-feet of water that made it through the Delta without being diverted last year, more than 70 percent of that volume was required just to keep salt water pushed back toward San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Celebrate Earth Day at John Muir Family Home",
"headTitle": "Celebrate Earth Day at John Muir Family Home | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 682px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Muir-Home-e1429140267819.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29267\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Muir-Home-e1429140267819.jpg\" alt=\"This Victorian mansion was the home of John Muir's father-in-law, John Strentzel. The Muir family moved in after Strentzel died. (National Park Service)\" width=\"682\" height=\"713\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Victorian mansion was the home of John Muir’s father-in-law, John Strentzel. The Muir family moved in after Strentzel died. (National Park Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Naturalist John Muir conceived of the National Park Service in what he called his “scribble den” at his family home in Martinez. That’s also where he wrote his famous books, while his wife, Louisa (Louie) Strentzel Muir, kept their two daughters playing quietly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir’s home is now a National Historic Site. And you can head there Saturday to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/jomu/planyourvisit/john-muir-birthday-earth-day-celebration-2015.htm\">celebrate Earth Day and Muir’s birthday\u003c/a> with live music, free activities and tours of the home. You can see the historic the orchards where Muir hiked with his daughters, and hear songs from the play about Muir’s life, “Mountain Days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also learn something you didn’t know about John Muir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Muir’s Historic Home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir lived in the Martinez home in for the last 24 years of his life. National Historic Site lead park ranger Jim MacDonald says, sometimes people are surprised to see the beautiful 3-story mansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People come here and they have a certain view of John Muir,” MacDonald says. “They think of him as this guy with a plant press on his back, and a crust of bread in his pocket and that’s it, tramping around the Sierras. And they come to this 17-room Victorian house and a lot of people are shocked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201318114″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house and the hundreds of acres that surrounded it were owned by Muir’s father-in-law, John Strentzel. Strentzel was a prominent rancher and horticulturist. In those days, the Alhambra valley of Martinez was one of the country’s premier fruit producers and Strentzel played a large role in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Strentzel died in 1890, Muir, his wife Louie, and their two daughters moved into the house and Muir took over the family orchard business. He managed the orchards for a decade and proved to be a shrewd businessman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the railroad approached Muir about building a track through his property, he agreed, on one condition: that the train build a stop at his farm so he could get his produce to market faster. The stop became known as “Muir Station.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He probably got a leg up on other fruit growers,” MacDonald says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Louie thought the business was keeping Muir from his true calling. She convinced her husband to turn over the ranch to his sibling, so he could write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She loved what he did,” Macdonald says, “and she thought it was important for him to tell the world about these beautiful places and try to save these places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir didn’t enjoy writing, MacDonald says, and thought it was difficult. Louie would encourage her husband to sit down and write in his scribble den, a room with lots of natural light. Louie would refrain from playing the piano while Muir wrote, making sure the house was quiet and free from distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0197.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25976 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0197.jpg\" alt=\"John Muir's "scribble den" where he wrote many of the books that inspired the environmental movement. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Muir’s “scribble den” where he wrote many of the books that inspired the environmental movement. (Marissa Ortega-Welch/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through his books and articles, Muir inspired presidents and congressmen to create the National Park Service and protect wild places like Yosemite and the Grand Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where it all started,” Macdonald says, standing in the second-floor study. “His books were written in this room; his idea for the National Park Service was in this room. I think — and I might get some contention from other park rangers — but I think you are standing right now in the most important place in the National Park Service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Muir’s shrewd business acumen that let him not only provide for his family, MacDonald says, but fund his own research and travel as he worked to preserve the country’s natural treasures. Muir’s house and land, and the encouragement of his wife, gave him the support he needed to become one of the country’s most successful advocates for wilderness preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Muir died he was worth five million dollars in today’s currency,” MacDonald says. “People don’t think of him that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Final Resting Place\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Muir died on Christmas Eve in 1914, while he was visiting his daughter in Arizona. He was buried on the family land in Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25973\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 302px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0225.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0225.jpg\" alt=\"The tombstones of John and Louie Muir. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\" width=\"302\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tombstones of John and Louie Muir. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you want to pay your respects at John Muir’s grave, you have to know where it is, but it’s just a short drive through a suburban neighborhood from Muir’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family donated the grave site to the John Muir National Historic Site in 2000. But the property is surrounded by private homes, and residents are concerned that if the cemetery becomes more well known, the neighborhood will have to cope with traffic, parking, and noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service isn’t directing visitors to the cemetery until it completes \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/jomu/learn/management/strentzel-muir-gravesite-plan.htm\">a management plan\u003c/a>. The Park is now accepting public comment on the plan, and has been working with residents to address their concerns. Options include shuttling visitors to the site or limiting the cemetery hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park superintendent Tom Leatherman says the park is committed to keeping the site open to the public so people can pay tribute to one of America’s most famous environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Muir home in Martinez is a National Historic Site, and there will be live music, free activities, and a silent auction Saturday, April 18. You can also tour the home and walk the famous orchards.",
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"description": "The Muir home in Martinez is a National Historic Site, and there will be live music, free activities, and a silent auction Saturday, April 18. You can also tour the home and walk the famous orchards.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 682px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Muir-Home-e1429140267819.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29267\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Muir-Home-e1429140267819.jpg\" alt=\"This Victorian mansion was the home of John Muir's father-in-law, John Strentzel. The Muir family moved in after Strentzel died. (National Park Service)\" width=\"682\" height=\"713\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Victorian mansion was the home of John Muir’s father-in-law, John Strentzel. The Muir family moved in after Strentzel died. (National Park Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Naturalist John Muir conceived of the National Park Service in what he called his “scribble den” at his family home in Martinez. That’s also where he wrote his famous books, while his wife, Louisa (Louie) Strentzel Muir, kept their two daughters playing quietly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir’s home is now a National Historic Site. And you can head there Saturday to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/jomu/planyourvisit/john-muir-birthday-earth-day-celebration-2015.htm\">celebrate Earth Day and Muir’s birthday\u003c/a> with live music, free activities and tours of the home. You can see the historic the orchards where Muir hiked with his daughters, and hear songs from the play about Muir’s life, “Mountain Days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also learn something you didn’t know about John Muir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Muir’s Historic Home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir lived in the Martinez home in for the last 24 years of his life. National Historic Site lead park ranger Jim MacDonald says, sometimes people are surprised to see the beautiful 3-story mansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People come here and they have a certain view of John Muir,” MacDonald says. “They think of him as this guy with a plant press on his back, and a crust of bread in his pocket and that’s it, tramping around the Sierras. And they come to this 17-room Victorian house and a lot of people are shocked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201318114″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201318114″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house and the hundreds of acres that surrounded it were owned by Muir’s father-in-law, John Strentzel. Strentzel was a prominent rancher and horticulturist. In those days, the Alhambra valley of Martinez was one of the country’s premier fruit producers and Strentzel played a large role in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Strentzel died in 1890, Muir, his wife Louie, and their two daughters moved into the house and Muir took over the family orchard business. He managed the orchards for a decade and proved to be a shrewd businessman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the railroad approached Muir about building a track through his property, he agreed, on one condition: that the train build a stop at his farm so he could get his produce to market faster. The stop became known as “Muir Station.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He probably got a leg up on other fruit growers,” MacDonald says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Louie thought the business was keeping Muir from his true calling. She convinced her husband to turn over the ranch to his sibling, so he could write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She loved what he did,” Macdonald says, “and she thought it was important for him to tell the world about these beautiful places and try to save these places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir didn’t enjoy writing, MacDonald says, and thought it was difficult. Louie would encourage her husband to sit down and write in his scribble den, a room with lots of natural light. Louie would refrain from playing the piano while Muir wrote, making sure the house was quiet and free from distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0197.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25976 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0197.jpg\" alt=\"John Muir's "scribble den" where he wrote many of the books that inspired the environmental movement. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Muir’s “scribble den” where he wrote many of the books that inspired the environmental movement. (Marissa Ortega-Welch/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through his books and articles, Muir inspired presidents and congressmen to create the National Park Service and protect wild places like Yosemite and the Grand Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where it all started,” Macdonald says, standing in the second-floor study. “His books were written in this room; his idea for the National Park Service was in this room. I think — and I might get some contention from other park rangers — but I think you are standing right now in the most important place in the National Park Service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Muir’s shrewd business acumen that let him not only provide for his family, MacDonald says, but fund his own research and travel as he worked to preserve the country’s natural treasures. Muir’s house and land, and the encouragement of his wife, gave him the support he needed to become one of the country’s most successful advocates for wilderness preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Muir died he was worth five million dollars in today’s currency,” MacDonald says. “People don’t think of him that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Final Resting Place\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Muir died on Christmas Eve in 1914, while he was visiting his daughter in Arizona. He was buried on the family land in Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25973\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 302px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0225.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0225.jpg\" alt=\"The tombstones of John and Louie Muir. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\" width=\"302\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tombstones of John and Louie Muir. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you want to pay your respects at John Muir’s grave, you have to know where it is, but it’s just a short drive through a suburban neighborhood from Muir’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family donated the grave site to the John Muir National Historic Site in 2000. But the property is surrounded by private homes, and residents are concerned that if the cemetery becomes more well known, the neighborhood will have to cope with traffic, parking, and noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service isn’t directing visitors to the cemetery until it completes \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/jomu/learn/management/strentzel-muir-gravesite-plan.htm\">a management plan\u003c/a>. The Park is now accepting public comment on the plan, and has been working with residents to address their concerns. Options include shuttling visitors to the site or limiting the cemetery hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park superintendent Tom Leatherman says the park is committed to keeping the site open to the public so people can pay tribute to one of America’s most famous environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Alien Life Might Live in Our Own Solar System",
"headTitle": "Alien Life Might Live in Our Own Solar System | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150413ScienceSolarSystemLife.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Enceladus-e1428707689654.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Enceladus-e1428707689654.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's rendering of vents on Saturn's moon Enceladus. New research suggests water below the surface there is near boiling hot and could be habitable for microbial life. (David Seal/NASA)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist’s rendering of vents on Saturn’s moon Enceladus. New research suggests water below the surface there is near boiling hot and could be habitable for microbial life. (David Seal/NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are thousands of planets orbiting stars in Earth’s galactic neighborhood. Scientists are spotting new planets so fast it’s hard to keep up — and many of them could be habitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re going to have strong indications of life beyond Earth within a decade,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-nasa-search-alien-life-20150407-story.html\">said NASA chief scientist Ellen Stofan\u003c/a> last week. “I think we’re going to have definitive evidence within 20 to 30 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, we might find alien life right here in our own backyard, just a few planets over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life — at least, life as we know it — requires liquid water, more and more of which \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/science/space/suddenly-it-seems-water-is-everywhere-in-solar-system.html\">keeps turning up\u003c/a> around the solar system. Research \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/nature14262.epdf?referrer_access_token=TIJP4EwwMbxZ9hQ9sCXqRNRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0MfNjfSDEXIGYUVERnxB4yt1qm3vncv6g0T2d4NhWGHs7O9c8Esa6txChvxJCKD9sAE7lIUHsxgJv72rpaMa0etTtSTViTyGTBJxE5E2Y1H-9Kxbv-hyjLlQgO6Y0ICrZR6KI8SpFqUYkFuvRdaV1rU5jxiKfVSTukyweAxnbUZ0_xzi0pcBKYP7AkjaQ0skO6YzPb9c5GRAD1S-EB14paO&tracking_referrer=www.nytimes.com\">published last month\u003c/a> in the journal Nature says one of Saturn’s moons, Enceladus, has water that’s near boiling — cozy, for certain forms of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we aren’t likely to find Hollywood aliens like the one that exploded out of Sigourney Weaver’s shipmate, or that stalked “Men in Black’s” Tommy Lee Jones: “Imagine a giant cockroach with unlimited strength, a massive inferiority complex, and a real short temper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘I think we’re going to have strong indications of life beyond Earth within a decade.’\u003ccite>— Ellen Stofan,\u003cbr>\nNASA’s Chief Scientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rather, experts say there’s a good chance of finding microbial aliens. After all, by some measures microbes are the dominant form of life here on Earth. They were here a couple billion years before us, or dinosaurs or even jellyfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tori Hoehler is a chemist who studies microbiology at \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/\">NASA’s Ames Research Center \u003c/a>in Mountain View; the facility also happens to boast the world’s largest wind tunnel. Hoehler says one place to get a glimpse of the ancient world is on the roof above his office. “Some people think a time machine looks like a DeLorean,” he says, referencing “Back To The Future’s” time-traveling car. “But it actually looks like a greenhouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside NASA’s greenhouse are boxes containing thick carpets of what Hoehler calls “orange goo.” It’s hard to fathom, but this is almost entirely made up of microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every cubic centimeter in there would have about a trillion individuals in it,” Hoehler says, “microbial cells.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gunk is the bulk of life’s history on Earth. If alien explorers had visited Earth two billion years ago looking for life, Hoehler says, “they would’ve found a slime world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists develop an ever clearer picture of the outer solar system, the odds of finding a place that resembles a slime world are looking decent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29128\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 272px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Enceladus1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29128\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Enceladus1.jpg\" alt=\"New research says water below the surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus is near boiling hot. “It has no excuse for having the degree of geologic activity that we found there,” says one planetary geologist. (NASA)\" width=\"272\" height=\"320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New research says water below the surface of Saturn’s moon Enceladus is near boiling hot. “It has no excuse for having the degree of geologic activity that we found there,” says one planetary geologist. (NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moons in the Outer Solar System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturn’s moon Enceladus is tiny – just 300 miles in diameter. It doesn’t have the mysterious methane lakes and dense atmosphere of Titan, another one of Saturn’s moons. It also lacks the convenient proximity of Mars. Trips to the red planet from Earth can be measured in months, while missions to Saturn take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planetary geologist Cynthia Phillips says Enceladus’ claim to fame are its geysers, which spew ice out into Saturn’s rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found these plumes actually venting material from near the south pole of Enceladus, and that was really surprising,” Phillips says. “It has no excuse for having the degree of geologic activity that we’ve found there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips works at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\">SETI Institute\u003c/a> in Mountain View. SETI stands for Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence, although for Phillips, that last bit is not a deal-breaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t have to be intelligent life,” she says. “Any kind of life. I’ll take microbes, I’ll take single-celled organisms — anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moons orbiting gas giants like Saturn and Jupiter are subject to immense gravitational forces; these pull on and flex the moons’ crusts. The resulting friction leads to a process called “tidal heating.” Phillips points fondly to a globe of Europa. The icy moon that orbits Jupiter is a potential candidate for life (and future exploration) and is Phillips’ avowed favorite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being five times as far from the sun as Earth, Europa gets 25 times less energy, meaning life there can’t bank on the sun for warmth. Tidal heating could be a tidy alternative, keeping some water in liquid form below the surface of moons like Europa and Enceladus. Recent research from the University of Colorado, Boulder, suggests that water under the surface of Enceladus is actually quite hot – 194 degrees Fahrenheit – well within the known parameters of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And even if it’s only bacteria,” says Seth Shostak, senior astronomer and research director at SETI, “that tells you that biology is all over the place. That’s big news!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ever More Possibilities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak says there are \u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?Category=Planets&IM_ID=20089\">several places\u003c/a> in the solar system where life could turn up. In addition to Europa, there are signs of subsurface oceans on two other moons of Jupiter: Callisto and Ganymede. And those oceans are some 20 times deeper than Earth’s Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29123\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/PierceLife-1024x515.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29123\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/PierceLife-1024x515.jpg\" alt=\"Life could turn up in several places around the solar system; here are a few scientists are curious about. (David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"515\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Life could turn up in several places around the solar system; here are a few scientists are curious about. (David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Each of those has an ocean that’s maybe 60 miles deep,” says Shostak, “so this is incredibly large amounts of water. On these moons there’s more water — twice as much water as on the Earth. It’s been sitting there for four billion years, maybe it’s cooked something up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it has, life there could well be quite different from Earthly biology. DNA may not even be a factor. In fact, alien life could theoretically get by without carbon or water at all, instead substituting alternatives like silicon and ammonia. While some astrobiologists say this “weird life” could occur in the clouds of Venus, most believe life in the solar system is staked around liquid water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">more data streams in\u003c/a> from nearby stars, it looks like about one in five has a planet somewhat like Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, \u003cem>somewhat\u003c/em> might be good enough for microbes,” says Shostak. “So if that’s the case, that means that there are on the order of maybe a hundred billion worlds in our galaxy that have biology, if biology’s easy to cook up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a very big number, Shostak says – and keep in mind, there are 150 billion other galaxies out there, at least that we can see.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "NASA's top scientist says she thinks evidence of life beyond Earth will turn up in the next couple of decades. Why so optimistic? Scientists have been discovering liquid water all around the solar system, and even though life on other planets might look different than it does here on Earth, scientists bet liquid water will be essential.",
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"title": "Alien Life Might Live in Our Own Solar System | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Enceladus-e1428707689654.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Enceladus-e1428707689654.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's rendering of vents on Saturn's moon Enceladus. New research suggests water below the surface there is near boiling hot and could be habitable for microbial life. (David Seal/NASA)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist’s rendering of vents on Saturn’s moon Enceladus. New research suggests water below the surface there is near boiling hot and could be habitable for microbial life. (David Seal/NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are thousands of planets orbiting stars in Earth’s galactic neighborhood. Scientists are spotting new planets so fast it’s hard to keep up — and many of them could be habitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re going to have strong indications of life beyond Earth within a decade,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-nasa-search-alien-life-20150407-story.html\">said NASA chief scientist Ellen Stofan\u003c/a> last week. “I think we’re going to have definitive evidence within 20 to 30 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, we might find alien life right here in our own backyard, just a few planets over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life — at least, life as we know it — requires liquid water, more and more of which \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/science/space/suddenly-it-seems-water-is-everywhere-in-solar-system.html\">keeps turning up\u003c/a> around the solar system. Research \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/nature14262.epdf?referrer_access_token=TIJP4EwwMbxZ9hQ9sCXqRNRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0MfNjfSDEXIGYUVERnxB4yt1qm3vncv6g0T2d4NhWGHs7O9c8Esa6txChvxJCKD9sAE7lIUHsxgJv72rpaMa0etTtSTViTyGTBJxE5E2Y1H-9Kxbv-hyjLlQgO6Y0ICrZR6KI8SpFqUYkFuvRdaV1rU5jxiKfVSTukyweAxnbUZ0_xzi0pcBKYP7AkjaQ0skO6YzPb9c5GRAD1S-EB14paO&tracking_referrer=www.nytimes.com\">published last month\u003c/a> in the journal Nature says one of Saturn’s moons, Enceladus, has water that’s near boiling — cozy, for certain forms of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we aren’t likely to find Hollywood aliens like the one that exploded out of Sigourney Weaver’s shipmate, or that stalked “Men in Black’s” Tommy Lee Jones: “Imagine a giant cockroach with unlimited strength, a massive inferiority complex, and a real short temper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘I think we’re going to have strong indications of life beyond Earth within a decade.’\u003ccite>— Ellen Stofan,\u003cbr>\nNASA’s Chief Scientist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rather, experts say there’s a good chance of finding microbial aliens. After all, by some measures microbes are the dominant form of life here on Earth. They were here a couple billion years before us, or dinosaurs or even jellyfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tori Hoehler is a chemist who studies microbiology at \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/\">NASA’s Ames Research Center \u003c/a>in Mountain View; the facility also happens to boast the world’s largest wind tunnel. Hoehler says one place to get a glimpse of the ancient world is on the roof above his office. “Some people think a time machine looks like a DeLorean,” he says, referencing “Back To The Future’s” time-traveling car. “But it actually looks like a greenhouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside NASA’s greenhouse are boxes containing thick carpets of what Hoehler calls “orange goo.” It’s hard to fathom, but this is almost entirely made up of microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every cubic centimeter in there would have about a trillion individuals in it,” Hoehler says, “microbial cells.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gunk is the bulk of life’s history on Earth. If alien explorers had visited Earth two billion years ago looking for life, Hoehler says, “they would’ve found a slime world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists develop an ever clearer picture of the outer solar system, the odds of finding a place that resembles a slime world are looking decent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29128\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 272px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Enceladus1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29128\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Enceladus1.jpg\" alt=\"New research says water below the surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus is near boiling hot. “It has no excuse for having the degree of geologic activity that we found there,” says one planetary geologist. (NASA)\" width=\"272\" height=\"320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New research says water below the surface of Saturn’s moon Enceladus is near boiling hot. “It has no excuse for having the degree of geologic activity that we found there,” says one planetary geologist. (NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moons in the Outer Solar System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturn’s moon Enceladus is tiny – just 300 miles in diameter. It doesn’t have the mysterious methane lakes and dense atmosphere of Titan, another one of Saturn’s moons. It also lacks the convenient proximity of Mars. Trips to the red planet from Earth can be measured in months, while missions to Saturn take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planetary geologist Cynthia Phillips says Enceladus’ claim to fame are its geysers, which spew ice out into Saturn’s rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found these plumes actually venting material from near the south pole of Enceladus, and that was really surprising,” Phillips says. “It has no excuse for having the degree of geologic activity that we’ve found there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips works at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\">SETI Institute\u003c/a> in Mountain View. SETI stands for Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence, although for Phillips, that last bit is not a deal-breaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t have to be intelligent life,” she says. “Any kind of life. I’ll take microbes, I’ll take single-celled organisms — anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moons orbiting gas giants like Saturn and Jupiter are subject to immense gravitational forces; these pull on and flex the moons’ crusts. The resulting friction leads to a process called “tidal heating.” Phillips points fondly to a globe of Europa. The icy moon that orbits Jupiter is a potential candidate for life (and future exploration) and is Phillips’ avowed favorite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being five times as far from the sun as Earth, Europa gets 25 times less energy, meaning life there can’t bank on the sun for warmth. Tidal heating could be a tidy alternative, keeping some water in liquid form below the surface of moons like Europa and Enceladus. Recent research from the University of Colorado, Boulder, suggests that water under the surface of Enceladus is actually quite hot – 194 degrees Fahrenheit – well within the known parameters of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And even if it’s only bacteria,” says Seth Shostak, senior astronomer and research director at SETI, “that tells you that biology is all over the place. That’s big news!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ever More Possibilities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shostak says there are \u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?Category=Planets&IM_ID=20089\">several places\u003c/a> in the solar system where life could turn up. In addition to Europa, there are signs of subsurface oceans on two other moons of Jupiter: Callisto and Ganymede. And those oceans are some 20 times deeper than Earth’s Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29123\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/PierceLife-1024x515.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29123\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/PierceLife-1024x515.jpg\" alt=\"Life could turn up in several places around the solar system; here are a few scientists are curious about. (David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"515\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Life could turn up in several places around the solar system; here are a few scientists are curious about. (David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Each of those has an ocean that’s maybe 60 miles deep,” says Shostak, “so this is incredibly large amounts of water. On these moons there’s more water — twice as much water as on the Earth. It’s been sitting there for four billion years, maybe it’s cooked something up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it has, life there could well be quite different from Earthly biology. DNA may not even be a factor. In fact, alien life could theoretically get by without carbon or water at all, instead substituting alternatives like silicon and ammonia. While some astrobiologists say this “weird life” could occur in the clouds of Venus, most believe life in the solar system is staked around liquid water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">more data streams in\u003c/a> from nearby stars, it looks like about one in five has a planet somewhat like Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, \u003cem>somewhat\u003c/em> might be good enough for microbes,” says Shostak. “So if that’s the case, that means that there are on the order of maybe a hundred billion worlds in our galaxy that have biology, if biology’s easy to cook up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a very big number, Shostak says – and keep in mind, there are 150 billion other galaxies out there, at least that we can see.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Next Crime Wave in Farm Country: Stealing Water",
"headTitle": "The Next Crime Wave in Farm Country: Stealing Water | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Madera County sits smack in the middle of the state, and it’s mostly farms. As in many parts of the Valley, wells have gone dry here and water prices have soared. Thieves, who’ve been increasingly \u003ca href=\"http://www.crcptf.org/\">targeting rural farms\u003c/a>, are starting to understand that anything water-related is a potential bonanza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re taking the water hoses, taking the copper wiring,” says the county’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.madera-county.com/index.php/department-overview\">District Attorney\u003c/a>, David Linn. “We’ve even had instances where they’ve come in and stolen the water pumps from the farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linn has recently launched a new task force so rural residents and farmers can reach a deputy district attorney 24-7 to report crime, including illegal well drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ipWaevdYI9aURIdNCh1GJv9xgh3G7Av8″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linn says a hypothetical call might be, “You know over the past two weeks, the water flow on my kitchen sink has continued to decrease. I notice there’s a couple of big drill rigs across the road, looks like they’re very active.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigator could come out and talk with the well driller to make sure they’re \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/02/drought-drives-drilling-frenzy-for-groundwater-in-california/\">drilling where they should be\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to stop the wholesale planned attempt by water drillers to essentially tap out entire neighborhoods of homes without proper legal authority,” says Linn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If water is siphoned out of a storage tank, or a water pump goes missing, the DA’s office could dispatch investigators to the scene to collect evidence for prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under last year’s landmark groundwater law, local officials will be taking on the primary responsibility for managing groundwater and enforcing new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Madera County Task Force also plans to educate farmers about the best kinds of fences and tank enclosures to keep out water thieves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/200207244″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials in urban areas are grappling with \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/contra-costa-times/ci_26896888/byproduct-drought-water-thieves\">similar worries\u003c/a>: water robbers pilfering fire hydrants, water delivery trucks taking water to which they’re not entitled, or people tapping into water lines at construction sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa Water District has \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/breaking-news/ci_27http://www.ccwater.com/Ordinances/14-02.pdf\">increased fines for stealing water\u003c/a> from $25 to $250 for a first offense and $500 for subsequent offenses. An official at the East Bay Municipal Utility District says that agency will be “cracking down” on water theft and plans to enact new penalties as part of a drought emergency plan expected next week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Madera County sits smack in the middle of the state, and it’s mostly farms. As in many parts of the Valley, wells have gone dry here and water prices have soared. Thieves, who’ve been increasingly \u003ca href=\"http://www.crcptf.org/\">targeting rural farms\u003c/a>, are starting to understand that anything water-related is a potential bonanza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re taking the water hoses, taking the copper wiring,” says the county’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.madera-county.com/index.php/department-overview\">District Attorney\u003c/a>, David Linn. “We’ve even had instances where they’ve come in and stolen the water pumps from the farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linn has recently launched a new task force so rural residents and farmers can reach a deputy district attorney 24-7 to report crime, including illegal well drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linn says a hypothetical call might be, “You know over the past two weeks, the water flow on my kitchen sink has continued to decrease. I notice there’s a couple of big drill rigs across the road, looks like they’re very active.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigator could come out and talk with the well driller to make sure they’re \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/02/drought-drives-drilling-frenzy-for-groundwater-in-california/\">drilling where they should be\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to stop the wholesale planned attempt by water drillers to essentially tap out entire neighborhoods of homes without proper legal authority,” says Linn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If water is siphoned out of a storage tank, or a water pump goes missing, the DA’s office could dispatch investigators to the scene to collect evidence for prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under last year’s landmark groundwater law, local officials will be taking on the primary responsibility for managing groundwater and enforcing new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Madera County Task Force also plans to educate farmers about the best kinds of fences and tank enclosures to keep out water thieves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/200207244″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/200207244″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials in urban areas are grappling with \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/contra-costa-times/ci_26896888/byproduct-drought-water-thieves\">similar worries\u003c/a>: water robbers pilfering fire hydrants, water delivery trucks taking water to which they’re not entitled, or people tapping into water lines at construction sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa Water District has \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/breaking-news/ci_27http://www.ccwater.com/Ordinances/14-02.pdf\">increased fines for stealing water\u003c/a> from $25 to $250 for a first offense and $500 for subsequent offenses. An official at the East Bay Municipal Utility District says that agency will be “cracking down” on water theft and plans to enact new penalties as part of a drought emergency plan expected next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Water Conservation Ebbs as Governor Calls for Greater Effort",
"headTitle": "Water Conservation Ebbs as Governor Calls for Greater Effort | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14773_468383616-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29060\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14773_468383616-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Lawn sprinklers in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, in April. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1293\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawn sprinklers in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, in April. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to put his foot down was well timed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reports from local water agencies around the state show that on average in February, Californians did their poorest job at conserving water since the state began tracking water use last summer. Urban water savings in February were 2.8 percent, compared to the baseline year of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation efforts peaked in December at just over 22 percent savings, but December’s weather skewed the results, as property owners cut back on watering amid persistent rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a per-capita basis, the State Water Resources Control Board reported that Californians’ use of water actually rose in February, from 73 gallons per person, per day, to 77 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”tJbLQZarX9yB8gq9JUMWI1Byekpp3PaA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The averages conceal the progress that many communities have made. Livermore, Tracy, Stockton and Roseville, inland cities with relatively warm temperatures and abundant lawns, all made regulators’ honor roll of towns that cut water use more than 15 percent and reduced the closely watched per capita use to under 60 gallons per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, water board \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/a-candid-conversation-with-californias-water-czar/\">chair Felicia Marcus\u003c/a> says she finds the broad numbers “sobering and disheartening.” Recent statewide polling indicates that Californians are ready to roll up their sleeves to save water. A \u003ca title=\"PPIC - survey\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1143\">March survey\u003c/a> by the Public Policy Institute of California found that water and drought remain at the top of Californians’ concerns, tied with jobs and the economy, and that fully two-thirds say they don’t think enough is being done in response to the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Against this backdrop, officials face the task of figuring out how to implement the governor’s \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\">31-point conservation mandate\u003c/a>, announced on April 1. Marcus said the governor was aware that the February numbers would be “bad” before he unveiled his new program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very tight timeline for trying to implement this order from the governor,” says Max Gomberg, a senior scientist at the water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aspects of the mandate remain murky, such as the proscriptions on \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/04/07/confusion-over-drought-rules-on-lawns-for-new-homes/\">landscaping for new homes\u003c/a>. By mid-May, regulators hope to have specific regulations in place to achieve Brown’s goal of 25 percent water savings across the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan, the state will assign localities specific reduction targets based on how they’re already doing in terms of per-capita daily water consumption. Under a \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - proposal\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/urban_water_supplier_tiers.pdf\">proposed framework\u003c/a> for the regulation, targets would range from 10 percent for the most efficient areas, such as San Francisco and Santa Cruz to 35 percent for persistently heavy users such as Hillsborough and West Sacramento. Much of Southern California is at the high end, though officials cited San Diego as a standout water saver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, officials say that Californians have saved 148 billion gallons of water since conservation efforts began in earnest last summer. Gomberg says that’s a year’s worth of water for two million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To see how your city stacks up, \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - proposal\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/urban_water_supplier_tiers.pdf\">view the full list\u003c/a> of proposed mandatory conservation targets.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The latest figures on water conservation in California would seem to bear out the need for more strict, mandatory measures, such as the governor recently announced.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14773_468383616-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29060\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RS14773_468383616-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Lawn sprinklers in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, in April. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1293\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawn sprinklers in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, in April. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to put his foot down was well timed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reports from local water agencies around the state show that on average in February, Californians did their poorest job at conserving water since the state began tracking water use last summer. Urban water savings in February were 2.8 percent, compared to the baseline year of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation efforts peaked in December at just over 22 percent savings, but December’s weather skewed the results, as property owners cut back on watering amid persistent rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a per-capita basis, the State Water Resources Control Board reported that Californians’ use of water actually rose in February, from 73 gallons per person, per day, to 77 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The averages conceal the progress that many communities have made. Livermore, Tracy, Stockton and Roseville, inland cities with relatively warm temperatures and abundant lawns, all made regulators’ honor roll of towns that cut water use more than 15 percent and reduced the closely watched per capita use to under 60 gallons per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, water board \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/a-candid-conversation-with-californias-water-czar/\">chair Felicia Marcus\u003c/a> says she finds the broad numbers “sobering and disheartening.” Recent statewide polling indicates that Californians are ready to roll up their sleeves to save water. A \u003ca title=\"PPIC - survey\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1143\">March survey\u003c/a> by the Public Policy Institute of California found that water and drought remain at the top of Californians’ concerns, tied with jobs and the economy, and that fully two-thirds say they don’t think enough is being done in response to the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Against this backdrop, officials face the task of figuring out how to implement the governor’s \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\">31-point conservation mandate\u003c/a>, announced on April 1. Marcus said the governor was aware that the February numbers would be “bad” before he unveiled his new program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very tight timeline for trying to implement this order from the governor,” says Max Gomberg, a senior scientist at the water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aspects of the mandate remain murky, such as the proscriptions on \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/04/07/confusion-over-drought-rules-on-lawns-for-new-homes/\">landscaping for new homes\u003c/a>. By mid-May, regulators hope to have specific regulations in place to achieve Brown’s goal of 25 percent water savings across the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan, the state will assign localities specific reduction targets based on how they’re already doing in terms of per-capita daily water consumption. Under a \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - proposal\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/urban_water_supplier_tiers.pdf\">proposed framework\u003c/a> for the regulation, targets would range from 10 percent for the most efficient areas, such as San Francisco and Santa Cruz to 35 percent for persistently heavy users such as Hillsborough and West Sacramento. Much of Southern California is at the high end, though officials cited San Diego as a standout water saver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, officials say that Californians have saved 148 billion gallons of water since conservation efforts began in earnest last summer. Gomberg says that’s a year’s worth of water for two million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To see how your city stacks up, \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - proposal\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/urban_water_supplier_tiers.pdf\">view the full list\u003c/a> of proposed mandatory conservation targets.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Confusion Over Drought Rules on Lawns for New Homes",
"headTitle": "Confusion Over Drought Rules on Lawns for New Homes | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29028\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Lawn-e1428434193116-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29028 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Lawn-e1428434193116-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Making sense of the governor's 31-point drought plan in relation to home lawns hasn't been easy. (Mariusz Blach)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The governor’s 31-point drought plan says 50 million square feet of lawns and ornamental turf need to be replaced with drought tolerant landscapes. (Mariusz Blach)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may have seen those \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/05/us/california-drought-tests-history-of-endless-growth.html?_r=0\">startling aeriel photographs\u003c/a> in the New York Times of new California housing tracts with emerald-green lawns edged up against swaths of dry desert. The governor’s drought order will change that picture. It’s just not exactly clear how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the less talked-about new rules in his \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/4.1.15_Executive_Order.pdf\">31-point drought plan \u003c/a>will ban watering outside newly constructed homes and buildings – unless it’s with recycled water, or using drip or microspray systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The landscaping definitely will change in terms of its look,” says Mike Prandini, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biafm.org/\">Building Industry Association\u003c/a> of Fresno and Madera Counties, “which means grass, because grass takes an awful lot of water to keep it alive, to keep it green.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says many builders are already putting in drought-efficient plants, sometimes astroturf. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Now is definitely the time for California to start thinking about water-neutral growth.’ \u003ccite>— Tracy Quinn, NRDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> “We think those are responsible approaches and are pleased to see that the Governor’s not calling for any kind of a moratorium on new building,” says former State Sen. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbia.org/go/about-cbia/cbia-2015-leadership-team/president-ceo-dave-cogdill/\">Dave Codgill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now president of the \u003ca href=\"cbia.org\">California Building Industry Association\u003c/a>, which issued a \u003ca href=\"//www.mychf.org/go/linkservid/19A16F2E-C561-47B7-9EC0618A43897B42/showMeta/0/\">recent report \u003c/a>showing that new homes, with required low-flow showers and toilets, use about half the water compared to homes built before 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/soapbox/article2921148.html\"> really not the problem\u003c/a>, says Cogdill. “We feel like that the governor has basically acknowledged that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While strides have been made inside, the landscaping requirements in the governor’s executive order are aimed at outdoor watering, which amounts to 44 percent of total urban water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers still have a lot of questions about what exactly the new rules will look like. Does “new construction” mean homes that are currently being built, or developments that have yet to break ground? What about common spaces in developments, like parks? Can you hand-water grass or use alternative grasses that are less thirsty than conventional turf? They’re hoping for some answers by mid-April when the State Water Resources Control Board is expected to release more details for public comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-sprawl crusaders say this may be a good wake-up call for developers to mind their water footprints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now is definitely the time for California to start thinking about \u003ca title=\"LAO - op ed\" href=\"http://www.laobserved.com/intell/2015/03/time_to_ratchet_down_on_water.php\">water-neutral growth\u003c/a>,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/about/staff/tracy-quinn\">Tracy Quinn\u003c/a>, a water policy analyst with the \u003ca href=\"nrdc.org\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a>. “A lot of our growth is projected to grow in the hotter, drier areas, so we need to do that in a way that doesn’t extend our limited resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of a learning moment for all of us,” says Kathryn Phillips, director of \u003ca href=\"https://california2.sierraclub.org/about/meetthestaff#.VSQUaDvF8bQ\">Sierra Club California\u003c/a>. “More and more people want to move away from having to spend weekends mowing lawns. I think this actually opens an opportunity for housing developers to shift away from the old ‘tried and true’ and move to things that are less water intensive, and less labor intensive, from the homeowners’ perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules are not likely to be the death knell for lawns entirely. Some emerging technologies allow you to water grass with drip irrigation, by burying the drip line underneath the sod.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now president of the \u003ca href=\"cbia.org\">California Building Industry Association\u003c/a>, which issued a \u003ca href=\"//www.mychf.org/go/linkservid/19A16F2E-C561-47B7-9EC0618A43897B42/showMeta/0/\">recent report \u003c/a>showing that new homes, with required low-flow showers and toilets, use about half the water compared to homes built before 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/soapbox/article2921148.html\"> really not the problem\u003c/a>, says Cogdill. “We feel like that the governor has basically acknowledged that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While strides have been made inside, the landscaping requirements in the governor’s executive order are aimed at outdoor watering, which amounts to 44 percent of total urban water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers still have a lot of questions about what exactly the new rules will look like. Does “new construction” mean homes that are currently being built, or developments that have yet to break ground? What about common spaces in developments, like parks? Can you hand-water grass or use alternative grasses that are less thirsty than conventional turf? They’re hoping for some answers by mid-April when the State Water Resources Control Board is expected to release more details for public comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-sprawl crusaders say this may be a good wake-up call for developers to mind their water footprints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now is definitely the time for California to start thinking about \u003ca title=\"LAO - op ed\" href=\"http://www.laobserved.com/intell/2015/03/time_to_ratchet_down_on_water.php\">water-neutral growth\u003c/a>,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/about/staff/tracy-quinn\">Tracy Quinn\u003c/a>, a water policy analyst with the \u003ca href=\"nrdc.org\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a>. “A lot of our growth is projected to grow in the hotter, drier areas, so we need to do that in a way that doesn’t extend our limited resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of a learning moment for all of us,” says Kathryn Phillips, director of \u003ca href=\"https://california2.sierraclub.org/about/meetthestaff#.VSQUaDvF8bQ\">Sierra Club California\u003c/a>. “More and more people want to move away from having to spend weekends mowing lawns. I think this actually opens an opportunity for housing developers to shift away from the old ‘tried and true’ and move to things that are less water intensive, and less labor intensive, from the homeowners’ perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules are not likely to be the death knell for lawns entirely. Some emerging technologies allow you to water grass with drip irrigation, by burying the drip line underneath the sod.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28950\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Seals-SophieWebb-1024x640.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-28950\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Seals-SophieWebb-1024x640.jpg\" alt=\"On the Farallones, the warm air and warm ocean this winter proved harsh for wildlife like these weaned elephant seal pups. (Sophie Webb/Point Blue)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On the Farallones, the warm air and warm ocean this winter proved harsh for wildlife like these weaned elephant seal pups. (Sophie Webb/Point Blue)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Warm ocean waters and the recent lack of cool weather coalesced into a rough winter for wildlife on the islands known as “\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-farallon-islands-californias-galapagos/\">California’s Galapagos.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About thirty miles out from the Golden Gate, the federally protected Farallones are breeding grounds visited by hundreds of thousands of seabirds – many of which use the islands as a winter way station — but not this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerry McChesney, manager of the site for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a>, says that’s a bad sign not just for the Farallon Islands but also for wildlife more broadly along California’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also hardship for breeding marine mammals. Dozens of pregnant sea lions proved too weak to carry their pups to term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”MfJmpy5dydzjjZP5TvjbfFNpvjkhihqw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s such a bizarre thing,” McChesney says. “We were seeing multiple aborted fetuses every day,” 94 in total – or nearly half the number of sea lions born there in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor was the warm winter kind to elephant seal pups. Russ Bradley, Farallon program manager for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue Conservation Science\u003c/a>, says elephant seal mothers, trying to cool off amid the unusual heat, led their pups up to a cliff that, while breezy, proved perilous – “and actually had a fair amount of pups fall into this sea channel, because they’re pups and they’re clumsy and they got too close to the edge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is pretty brutal for the biologists out here that had to watch it,” McChesney says. “It was pretty tough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the conspicuously absent birds was a type called Cassin’s Auklet, which feeds on krill. All along the Pacific coast, McChesney says, these birds have been suffering “a huge, unprecedented die-off like we’ve never seen” for want of food. That’s also bad news for other species that eat krill, he says, from salmon to blue whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the warm winter and warm water may have made the islands more inviting for other species, like brown boobies – a bird much more familiar to Central America and Mexico. Pointing to records from 1968 to 1999, “We had 11 observations of this species total in 30 years,” McChesney says. “A week ago, I saw 12 at the same time on the island.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor was the warm winter kind to elephant seal pups. Russ Bradley, Farallon program manager for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue Conservation Science\u003c/a>, says elephant seal mothers, trying to cool off amid the unusual heat, led their pups up to a cliff that, while breezy, proved perilous – “and actually had a fair amount of pups fall into this sea channel, because they’re pups and they’re clumsy and they got too close to the edge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is pretty brutal for the biologists out here that had to watch it,” McChesney says. “It was pretty tough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the conspicuously absent birds was a type called Cassin’s Auklet, which feeds on krill. All along the Pacific coast, McChesney says, these birds have been suffering “a huge, unprecedented die-off like we’ve never seen” for want of food. That’s also bad news for other species that eat krill, he says, from salmon to blue whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the warm winter and warm water may have made the islands more inviting for other species, like brown boobies – a bird much more familiar to Central America and Mexico. Pointing to records from 1968 to 1999, “We had 11 observations of this species total in 30 years,” McChesney says. “A week ago, I saw 12 at the same time on the island.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lunar Eclipse Visible in Bay Area Saturday Morning",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28956\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/lunar-eclipse-5-1024x731.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-28956\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/lunar-eclipse-5-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"Snapshot of a lunar eclipse from the Naval Air Station on Whidbey Island, Wash. in 2004. (Courtesy U.S. Navy) \" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snapshot of a lunar eclipse from the Naval Air Station on Whidbey Island, Wash. in 2004. (Courtesy U.S. Navy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents will have an orchestra-seat view of a rare astronomical event this Saturday: a total lunar eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth and sun align so that the Earth casts a shadow on the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can occur up to three times a year. But Saturday morning’s show will be a total eclipse, when the moon is full and the Earth’s shadow completely covers it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This happens twice annually at most, and can only be seen from whichever hemisphere is shrouded in darkness at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, it will be visible from Western North America, though the total part of the eclipse–when the moon is in the sun’s full shadow–will only be visible for a fleeting five minutes, between 4:58-5:03 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/What-is-a-Lunar-eclipse_graphic.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-large wp-image-28969\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/What-is-a-Lunar-eclipse_graphic-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"511\">\u003c/a>This happens because the only sunlight hitting the moon has been bent toward the red end of the spectrum by passing through the sun’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the shortest lunar eclipse of the 21st century, but for these few minutes, the moon will bathed in a reddish glow, called a “blood moon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the same phenomenon, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/492483/Rayleigh-scattering\">Rayleigh scattering\u003c/a>, that colors sunsets red and orange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the third of four lunar eclipses taking place over four years. The first was in April 2014, and the last and final of the series will be on September 28, 2015.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28956\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/lunar-eclipse-5-1024x731.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-28956\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/lunar-eclipse-5-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"Snapshot of a lunar eclipse from the Naval Air Station on Whidbey Island, Wash. in 2004. (Courtesy U.S. Navy) \" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snapshot of a lunar eclipse from the Naval Air Station on Whidbey Island, Wash. in 2004. (Courtesy U.S. Navy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents will have an orchestra-seat view of a rare astronomical event this Saturday: a total lunar eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth and sun align so that the Earth casts a shadow on the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can occur up to three times a year. But Saturday morning’s show will be a total eclipse, when the moon is full and the Earth’s shadow completely covers it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This happens twice annually at most, and can only be seen from whichever hemisphere is shrouded in darkness at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, it will be visible from Western North America, though the total part of the eclipse–when the moon is in the sun’s full shadow–will only be visible for a fleeting five minutes, between 4:58-5:03 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/What-is-a-Lunar-eclipse_graphic.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-large wp-image-28969\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/What-is-a-Lunar-eclipse_graphic-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"511\">\u003c/a>This happens because the only sunlight hitting the moon has been bent toward the red end of the spectrum by passing through the sun’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the shortest lunar eclipse of the 21st century, but for these few minutes, the moon will bathed in a reddish glow, called a “blood moon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the same phenomenon, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/492483/Rayleigh-scattering\">Rayleigh scattering\u003c/a>, that colors sunsets red and orange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the third of four lunar eclipses taking place over four years. The first was in April 2014, and the last and final of the series will be on September 28, 2015.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Governor Orders Water Cuts Amid Record Low Snowpack",
"headTitle": "Governor Orders Water Cuts Amid Record Low Snowpack | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28843\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/DonnerLk_JEJ_20150226.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28843\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/DonnerLk_JEJ_20150226.jpeg\" alt=\"Barren mountainsides around Donner Lake in late February. (Joanne Elgart Jennings)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"854\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barren mountainsides around Donner Lake in late February. (Joanne Elgart Jennings)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We are officially in uncharted territory — in more ways than one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack, which typically supplies nearly a third of California’s water, is showing the \u003ca title=\"CDEC - snowpack\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">lowest water content on record\u003c/a>: 6 percent of the long-term average for April 1. That doesn’t just set a new record, it shatters the old low-water mark of 25 percent, which happens to have been last year’s reading (tied with 1977).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things are so bad that Governor Jerry Brown decided to slog into the field for the manual snow survey on Wednesday morning. He didn’t need snowshoes but he did bring along a first-ever executive order mandating statewide water reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a historic drought and that demands unprecedented action,” he told reporters who made it to the Sierra survey site off of Highway 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"Gov. Jerry Brown - EO\" href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/4.1.15_Executive_Order.pdf\">31-point program\u003c/a> is wide-ranging, though direct actions are focused on urban water consumption, aiming for a “mandatory” 25 percent reduction compared to 2013 levels. It will be up to the State Water Resources Control Board and more than 400 local water agencies to work out how to implement and enforce the mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative also includes new incentives for replacing lawns with drought-friendly landscaping, consumer rebates for water-saving appliances, and special assistance for residents whose wells have run dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> does monthly snow surveys during the winter season, the April 1 survey is the benchmark for assessing the season as a whole. That’s when snowfall is reckoned to have peaked and the runoff season gets underway. Six percent on April 1 is essentially saying there’s next-to-nothing to show for an entire winter’s snow accumulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Snow-Pack_UPDATED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-large wp-image-28981\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Snow-Pack_UPDATED-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"511\">\u003c/a>The snowpack has now seen four years of steady decline. 2013 was California’s driest year on record. 2014 was dry too, but also \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/01/16/its-official-2014-was-the-hottest-year-on-record-noaa-says/\">the warmest on record\u003c/a>, which combined for a one-two punch to California’s water supply. In March, for example, both Sacramento and Redding logged average temperatures more than 10 degrees above normal, according to consulting meteorologist Jan Null of Golden Gate Weather Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will be consequences,” says Mark Cowin, who heads DWR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 400,000 acres of farmland were fallowed last year because of scarce water. Credible sources have estimated that figure could double this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More impacts to farms where supplies will be shorted,” predicts Cowin, “more local communities where wells will run dry, and we’ll have to help assist them in some sort of emergency response, and more impacts to fish & wildlife, which is of course, very important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater resources will be stressed even more, as water-constrained farmers \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/02/drought-drives-drilling-frenzy-for-groundwater-in-california/\">turn up the pumps\u003c/a> to offset cuts in allocations from state and federal water projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Cowin hastens to add that “the vast majority of our citizens will not run out of water,” some already have, mostly in rural areas where wells have gone dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that this will continue to be a wake-up call for people that things are different,” says Lester Snow, a former DWR chief who now heads the non-partisan California Water Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And not only is it gonna be bad this year but let’s not pretend that next year’s gonna be a lot better,” he added. “This drought has revealed fundamental weaknesses in our drought management system, and we need to start addressing those weaknesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other impacts from the paltry snowpack will be more subtle, such as the \u003ca title=\"SacBee - post\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article16494344.html\">loss of hydroelectric power\u003c/a>. Less runoff coming down the hill, turning hydropower turbines means that utilities have to replace the electricity, which they usually do with natural gas-fired power plants. That wields a bigger carbon footprint and adds to Californians’ electric bills — $1.4 billion since 2012, by one estimate.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Governor Jerry Brown orders the state Water Resources Control Board to implement mandatory reductions to cut water use by 25 percent. ",
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"title": "Governor Orders Water Cuts Amid Record Low Snowpack | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28843\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/DonnerLk_JEJ_20150226.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28843\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/DonnerLk_JEJ_20150226.jpeg\" alt=\"Barren mountainsides around Donner Lake in late February. (Joanne Elgart Jennings)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"854\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barren mountainsides around Donner Lake in late February. (Joanne Elgart Jennings)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We are officially in uncharted territory — in more ways than one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack, which typically supplies nearly a third of California’s water, is showing the \u003ca title=\"CDEC - snowpack\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">lowest water content on record\u003c/a>: 6 percent of the long-term average for April 1. That doesn’t just set a new record, it shatters the old low-water mark of 25 percent, which happens to have been last year’s reading (tied with 1977).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things are so bad that Governor Jerry Brown decided to slog into the field for the manual snow survey on Wednesday morning. He didn’t need snowshoes but he did bring along a first-ever executive order mandating statewide water reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a historic drought and that demands unprecedented action,” he told reporters who made it to the Sierra survey site off of Highway 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"Gov. Jerry Brown - EO\" href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/4.1.15_Executive_Order.pdf\">31-point program\u003c/a> is wide-ranging, though direct actions are focused on urban water consumption, aiming for a “mandatory” 25 percent reduction compared to 2013 levels. It will be up to the State Water Resources Control Board and more than 400 local water agencies to work out how to implement and enforce the mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative also includes new incentives for replacing lawns with drought-friendly landscaping, consumer rebates for water-saving appliances, and special assistance for residents whose wells have run dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> does monthly snow surveys during the winter season, the April 1 survey is the benchmark for assessing the season as a whole. That’s when snowfall is reckoned to have peaked and the runoff season gets underway. Six percent on April 1 is essentially saying there’s next-to-nothing to show for an entire winter’s snow accumulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Snow-Pack_UPDATED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-large wp-image-28981\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Snow-Pack_UPDATED-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"1024\" height=\"511\">\u003c/a>The snowpack has now seen four years of steady decline. 2013 was California’s driest year on record. 2014 was dry too, but also \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/01/16/its-official-2014-was-the-hottest-year-on-record-noaa-says/\">the warmest on record\u003c/a>, which combined for a one-two punch to California’s water supply. In March, for example, both Sacramento and Redding logged average temperatures more than 10 degrees above normal, according to consulting meteorologist Jan Null of Golden Gate Weather Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will be consequences,” says Mark Cowin, who heads DWR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 400,000 acres of farmland were fallowed last year because of scarce water. Credible sources have estimated that figure could double this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More impacts to farms where supplies will be shorted,” predicts Cowin, “more local communities where wells will run dry, and we’ll have to help assist them in some sort of emergency response, and more impacts to fish & wildlife, which is of course, very important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater resources will be stressed even more, as water-constrained farmers \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/02/drought-drives-drilling-frenzy-for-groundwater-in-california/\">turn up the pumps\u003c/a> to offset cuts in allocations from state and federal water projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Cowin hastens to add that “the vast majority of our citizens will not run out of water,” some already have, mostly in rural areas where wells have gone dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that this will continue to be a wake-up call for people that things are different,” says Lester Snow, a former DWR chief who now heads the non-partisan California Water Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And not only is it gonna be bad this year but let’s not pretend that next year’s gonna be a lot better,” he added. “This drought has revealed fundamental weaknesses in our drought management system, and we need to start addressing those weaknesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other impacts from the paltry snowpack will be more subtle, such as the \u003ca title=\"SacBee - post\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article16494344.html\">loss of hydroelectric power\u003c/a>. Less runoff coming down the hill, turning hydropower turbines means that utilities have to replace the electricity, which they usually do with natural gas-fired power plants. That wields a bigger carbon footprint and adds to Californians’ electric bills — $1.4 billion since 2012, by one estimate.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
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