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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People like you are helping to solve environmental and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/climate\">climate\u003c/a> problems across our state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1997190 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/ClimateStewardshipJacketArt-160x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/ClimateStewardshipJacketArt-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/ClimateStewardshipJacketArt-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/ClimateStewardshipJacketArt-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/ClimateStewardshipJacketArt-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/ClimateStewardshipJacketArt-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/ClimateStewardshipJacketArt-1366x2048.jpg 1366w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/ClimateStewardshipJacketArt.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1996634/help-choose-next-read-kqeds-climate-book-club\">KQED’s Climate Book Club\u003c/a> is reading about how that’s happening, from keeping forests green with good fire to protecting \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> abalone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/books/climate-stewardship/paper\"> \u003cem>Climate Stewardship: Taking Collective Action to Protect California\u003c/em>\u003c/a> by Adina Merenlender with Brendan Buhler is a collaboration with the UC California Naturalist Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re starting to read this week, aiming to be finished by July 17 for an in-person event with the author at KQED headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re interested in contributing to a conversation about the book between now and then, join us on\u003ca href=\"https://discord.com/invite/kqed\"> KQED’s Discord community\u003c/a> in the #book-club channel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "this-south-bay-observatory-has-been-watching-the-stars-for-over-a-century",
"title": "This South Bay Observatory Has Been Watching the Stars for Over a Century",
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"content": "\u003cp>Just an hour east of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">San José\u003c/a>, up a steep road with bursting wildflowers and crooked oak trees winding through the Diablo Range, sits one of California’s most remarkable scientific outposts. Perched 4,200 feet up Mount Hamilton, the Lick Observatory has been scanning the cosmos for nearly 150 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers working at Lick Observatory — a major site in the University of California Observatories’ multi-campus research unit — discovered \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/36-inch-lick-refractor/\">Jupiter’s moon Amalthea\u003c/a> in 1892, contributed to dark matter research with the Shane telescope, and have made other pivotal contributions to astronomy research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwin Hubble used the site’s instruments to study galaxies, and the clear skies around the observatory helped early astronomers like Sherburne Wellesley Burnham identify dozens of double stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, about 30 observatory staff live at the top of the mountain nearby, so their supportive hands are available to respond to any issues with the telescopes while the astronomers are conducting research even in the sparkling twilight hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Paul Lynam, one of the observatory’s resident astronomers, maintains telescope operations, troubleshoots technical issues around the clock, conducts research and participates in public outreach. He’s lived at the observatory for over 14 years now. “The story of how this observatory came to be is very compelling. And the more you read about it, the more it draws you in,” Lynam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The man behind (and under) the telescope\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>James Lick, a wealthy and eccentric 19th-century real estate mogul who gained his fortune during the Gold Rush, originally planned to build a \u003ca href=\"http://collections.ucolick.org/archives_on_line/James_Lick.html#:~:text=The%20scheme%20was%20replaced%20by%20an%20even,thoughts%20were%20turned%20from%20pyramids%20to%20telescopes.\">giant pyramid \u003c/a>in his honor on a block that he owned in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persuaded by scientists like George Madeira around 1870, Lick instead dedicated his fortune — $700,000, which would be equivalent to billions today — to build what was at the time the world’s most \u003ca href=\"https://www.asce.org/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/11/san-joses-lick-observatory-took-telescopes-to-new-heights\">“powerful telescope, superior to and more powerful than any telescope ever yet made,”\u003c/a> according to a trust document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An observatory that would also become his mausoleum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997182 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"838\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-800x268.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-1020x342.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-160x54.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-768x257.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-1536x515.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-2048x686.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-1920x644.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: A statue in honor of James Lick, founder of the Lick Observatory. Right: The Lick Observatory’s main building and visitor center in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997212 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Lick’s tomb lies under the Great Lick refractor, at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Lick died in 1876, years before his observatory was completed, he left specific instructions: He wanted his body to be eventually buried beneath the telescope he helped build — refusing to even be cremated, insisting he would \u003ca href=\"https://epdf.pub/revolutionaries-of-the-cosmos-the-astro-physicists.html\">“rot like a gentleman.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was buried in the Masonic Cemetery in San Francisco for 11 years while the observatory was being constructed,” Lynam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1887, eleven years after his death, Lick’s body was exhumed and transported from San Francisco up the steep road to Mount Hamilton by wagon. Today, his tomb lies directly beneath a large telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On special occasions, staff and visitors still leave flowers at the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“James Lick would be very happy with how we spent his legacy,” Lynam said. “Almost 150 years later, his name still stands here — and this institution is still going. He helped change the world of astronomy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A place built for stars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lick Observatory was completed in 1888 and quickly established itself as a leader in astronomical research. At its heart was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/36-inch-lick-refractor/\">36-inch Great Lick Refractor\u003c/a>, which was once the world’s largest \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/telescopes-101/#refracting\">refracting telescope\u003c/a> — a telescope that uses lenses to make faraway things look closer and clearer — which now supports public education and outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/research-telescopes/shane-telescope/\">Shane 120-inch reflecting telescope\u003c/a>, which was constructed between 1946 and 1965, was the second-largest reflector in the world for many years. It played a key role in the development of adaptive optics and was the first telescope to utilize a laser guide-star system for regular astronomical observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/research-telescopes/nickel-telescope/\">Nickel Telescope\u003c/a>, constructed from spare sewer pipes in the 1970s, is used by UC students today to study supernovae and measure cosmic distances. Its dome, the oldest on the mountain, was built in the 1880s and originally housed the \u003ca href=\"https://mthamilton.ucolick.org/public/tele_inst/1m/#:~:text=The%20dome%20that%20now%20houses,in%20use%20on%20Mount%20Hamilton.\">12-inch Clark refractor\u003c/a>, which survived the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997175 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 40-inch Nickel telescope at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The observatory also features cutting-edge instruments like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/research-telescopes/automated-planet-finder/\">Automated Planet Finder\u003c/a>, a robotic telescope that scans nearby stars nightly in search of planets that might support life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, students and aspiring astronomers continue to do research at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Modern science at the observatory\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>UC Riverside Ph.D. student \u003ca href=\"https://archanaarv.github.io/\">Archana Aravindan\u003c/a> is among the many researchers utilizing the Shane telescope to observe the night sky. More specifically, she’s looking for black holes that are actively feeding on their surrounding matter, what’s known as “\u003ca href=\"https://webbtelescope.org/contents/articles/what-are-active-galactic-nuclei\">active black holes\u003c/a>,” that exist in dwarf galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://esahubble.org/wordbank/dwarf-galaxy/#:~:text=Dwarf%20galaxies%20are%20small%20galaxies,Way%20or%20the%20Andromeda%20Galaxy.\">Dwarf galaxies\u003c/a> are typically home to just a few billion stars, compared to their larger counterparts, which can contain hundreds of billions of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997172 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resident astronomer Paul Lynam explains how the 120-inch Shane telescope operates, at the Lick Observatory, in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While active black holes are known to drive powerful outflows and winds in larger galaxies, the research is still in its infancy for smaller galaxies in the universe, Aravindan explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see if even in these smallest galaxies, can the black hole actually have any considerable effect?” Aravindan said. “If it does, it will have a lot of implications on how we understand galaxy evolution,” which will help researchers\u003ca href=\"https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/dwarf-galaxies-shed-light-on-black-hole-origins/\"> understand how black holes operate in larger galaxies\u003c/a>, like our Milky Way, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telescope technician Matthew Brooks maintains the observatory’s telescopes. This includes troubleshooting and repairing the equipment, which requires technical skills in complex electronic instrumentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997154 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 36-inch Great Lick Refractor at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997178\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"838\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-800x268.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-1020x342.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-160x54.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-768x257.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-1536x515.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-2048x686.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-1920x644.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Allan Meyer, Public Programs Telescope Operator, works in the 36-inch Great Lick Refractor room at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He helps set up the telescope that Aravindan is using for her research. “I point this thing at science targets,” Brooks said. “They take the data and figure out the universe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Lick, Brooks was on an aircraft carrier, fixing broken helicopters for the Marines. He’s been at the observatory for nearly a decade now, living on the mountaintop with his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time I saw Jupiter through a telescope was on a Navy ship, and I could see the dots moving throughout the night,” Brooks said. “The next time I saw it was through this [Shane] telescope with a 120-inch aperture, and I could see color and storms, I could tell that the moons were spheres, and it blew my mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Snakes and wildfire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While living on the summit of Mount Hamilton has its perks, living in an isolated location, with winding mountain roads and limited amenities, can be challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a staff member at the observatory discovered two rattlesnakes near the observatory’s main building, which had to be relocated. “There are people who are known to be the rattlesnake grabbers [living on the mountain] and some people I know are like: ‘I’m not going to touch it,’ right?” Lynam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997128 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, Sean Carter, building maintenance worker, Shawn Stone, telescope technician, and Paul Lynam, resident astronomer, converse at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. Due to working day and night shifts, observatory staff don’t always see each other often. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Extreme weather and wildfires are another big challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/lick-observatory-astronomy-archive-fire\">SCU Lightning Complex Fire raced through the Diablo Range\u003c/a>, surrounding Lick Observatory and threatening to destroy it. While Lynam and most of his colleagues evacuated smoothly, those who were living on the mountain, “were so dispersed at such short notice,” Lynam said, adding that one of his colleagues had to essentially camp out on someone’s driveway for six weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several structures were destroyed and others damaged. Miraculously, the fire did not destroy the telescopes and domes. “It [the fire] was almost like a crucible that drew a lot of the staff together in those circumstances. But the memories, positive and negative, will never leave the people who experienced it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dealing with light pollution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lick Observatory continues to conduct cutting-edge research, but light pollution from nearby cities poses a growing threat. In 2018, San José lifted a decades-long ban on LED billboards. “These produce a lot of blue light, which scatters more in the atmosphere and creates more skyglow,” Lynam said about LEDs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect of light pollution? Dimmer stars. Fainter galaxies. And more difficulty in capturing clean data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997153 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Views from the outside of the visitor center at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Local ordinances have aimed to control some of the worst offenders, such as upward-facing signage and digital billboards, but enforcement is inconsistent. Lynam said community engagement and policy action are crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every additional light fixture adds to this increasingly bright background,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Eyes on the heavens for more than a century\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Throughout the years, Lick Observatory has been threatened by \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucobservatories.org/category/wildfires/\">wildfires\u003c/a>, earthquakes and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10342438/venerable-lick-observatory-faces-funding-cut\">funding cuts,\u003c/a> like in 2013, although they were reversed a year later. The telescopes shifted from glass-lensed refractors to powerful mirror-based lenses. And through it all, scientists have kept their eyes on the heavens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1997113 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250423_MarineLab_GC-23_qed-1020x685.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a clear day, visitors can see across the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada — even Yosemite’s El Capitan is visible from the main building’s viewing scopes. At night, if the light pollution hasn’t crept too far, the sky still opens up wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an era of space telescopes and AI-assisted astronomy, Lick remains a place where real people point real instruments at distant galaxies — and still find themselves surprised by what they discover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a really kind of uncontrollable reaction when people look through a telescope and they see Saturn or the moon or something like that,” Lynam said. “And it just blows people away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Lick Observatory is open to the public daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Check \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/public-visitor-information/visitor-center/\">\u003cem>their website\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for free weekend tours and walking tours. Or attend a \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/event/5148\">\u003cem>Bay Curious Walking Tour at the Lick Observatory on June 22\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The telescopes at Lick may be vintage, but scientists at the observatory continue to discover new planets and examine exploding stars — and train the next generation of astronomers.",
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"title": "This South Bay Observatory Has Been Watching the Stars for Over a Century | KQED",
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"headline": "This South Bay Observatory Has Been Watching the Stars for Over a Century",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just an hour east of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">San José\u003c/a>, up a steep road with bursting wildflowers and crooked oak trees winding through the Diablo Range, sits one of California’s most remarkable scientific outposts. Perched 4,200 feet up Mount Hamilton, the Lick Observatory has been scanning the cosmos for nearly 150 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers working at Lick Observatory — a major site in the University of California Observatories’ multi-campus research unit — discovered \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/36-inch-lick-refractor/\">Jupiter’s moon Amalthea\u003c/a> in 1892, contributed to dark matter research with the Shane telescope, and have made other pivotal contributions to astronomy research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwin Hubble used the site’s instruments to study galaxies, and the clear skies around the observatory helped early astronomers like Sherburne Wellesley Burnham identify dozens of double stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, about 30 observatory staff live at the top of the mountain nearby, so their supportive hands are available to respond to any issues with the telescopes while the astronomers are conducting research even in the sparkling twilight hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Paul Lynam, one of the observatory’s resident astronomers, maintains telescope operations, troubleshoots technical issues around the clock, conducts research and participates in public outreach. He’s lived at the observatory for over 14 years now. “The story of how this observatory came to be is very compelling. And the more you read about it, the more it draws you in,” Lynam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The man behind (and under) the telescope\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>James Lick, a wealthy and eccentric 19th-century real estate mogul who gained his fortune during the Gold Rush, originally planned to build a \u003ca href=\"http://collections.ucolick.org/archives_on_line/James_Lick.html#:~:text=The%20scheme%20was%20replaced%20by%20an%20even,thoughts%20were%20turned%20from%20pyramids%20to%20telescopes.\">giant pyramid \u003c/a>in his honor on a block that he owned in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persuaded by scientists like George Madeira around 1870, Lick instead dedicated his fortune — $700,000, which would be equivalent to billions today — to build what was at the time the world’s most \u003ca href=\"https://www.asce.org/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/11/san-joses-lick-observatory-took-telescopes-to-new-heights\">“powerful telescope, superior to and more powerful than any telescope ever yet made,”\u003c/a> according to a trust document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An observatory that would also become his mausoleum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997182 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"838\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-800x268.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-1020x342.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-160x54.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-768x257.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-1536x515.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-2048x686.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-2-1-1920x644.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: A statue in honor of James Lick, founder of the Lick Observatory. Right: The Lick Observatory’s main building and visitor center in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997212 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-10_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Lick’s tomb lies under the Great Lick refractor, at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Lick died in 1876, years before his observatory was completed, he left specific instructions: He wanted his body to be eventually buried beneath the telescope he helped build — refusing to even be cremated, insisting he would \u003ca href=\"https://epdf.pub/revolutionaries-of-the-cosmos-the-astro-physicists.html\">“rot like a gentleman.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was buried in the Masonic Cemetery in San Francisco for 11 years while the observatory was being constructed,” Lynam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1887, eleven years after his death, Lick’s body was exhumed and transported from San Francisco up the steep road to Mount Hamilton by wagon. Today, his tomb lies directly beneath a large telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On special occasions, staff and visitors still leave flowers at the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“James Lick would be very happy with how we spent his legacy,” Lynam said. “Almost 150 years later, his name still stands here — and this institution is still going. He helped change the world of astronomy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A place built for stars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lick Observatory was completed in 1888 and quickly established itself as a leader in astronomical research. At its heart was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/36-inch-lick-refractor/\">36-inch Great Lick Refractor\u003c/a>, which was once the world’s largest \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/universe/telescopes-101/#refracting\">refracting telescope\u003c/a> — a telescope that uses lenses to make faraway things look closer and clearer — which now supports public education and outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/research-telescopes/shane-telescope/\">Shane 120-inch reflecting telescope\u003c/a>, which was constructed between 1946 and 1965, was the second-largest reflector in the world for many years. It played a key role in the development of adaptive optics and was the first telescope to utilize a laser guide-star system for regular astronomical observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/research-telescopes/nickel-telescope/\">Nickel Telescope\u003c/a>, constructed from spare sewer pipes in the 1970s, is used by UC students today to study supernovae and measure cosmic distances. Its dome, the oldest on the mountain, was built in the 1880s and originally housed the \u003ca href=\"https://mthamilton.ucolick.org/public/tele_inst/1m/#:~:text=The%20dome%20that%20now%20houses,in%20use%20on%20Mount%20Hamilton.\">12-inch Clark refractor\u003c/a>, which survived the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997175 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-15_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 40-inch Nickel telescope at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The observatory also features cutting-edge instruments like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/explore/research-telescopes/automated-planet-finder/\">Automated Planet Finder\u003c/a>, a robotic telescope that scans nearby stars nightly in search of planets that might support life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, students and aspiring astronomers continue to do research at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Modern science at the observatory\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>UC Riverside Ph.D. student \u003ca href=\"https://archanaarv.github.io/\">Archana Aravindan\u003c/a> is among the many researchers utilizing the Shane telescope to observe the night sky. More specifically, she’s looking for black holes that are actively feeding on their surrounding matter, what’s known as “\u003ca href=\"https://webbtelescope.org/contents/articles/what-are-active-galactic-nuclei\">active black holes\u003c/a>,” that exist in dwarf galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://esahubble.org/wordbank/dwarf-galaxy/#:~:text=Dwarf%20galaxies%20are%20small%20galaxies,Way%20or%20the%20Andromeda%20Galaxy.\">Dwarf galaxies\u003c/a> are typically home to just a few billion stars, compared to their larger counterparts, which can contain hundreds of billions of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997172 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-36-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resident astronomer Paul Lynam explains how the 120-inch Shane telescope operates, at the Lick Observatory, in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While active black holes are known to drive powerful outflows and winds in larger galaxies, the research is still in its infancy for smaller galaxies in the universe, Aravindan explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see if even in these smallest galaxies, can the black hole actually have any considerable effect?” Aravindan said. “If it does, it will have a lot of implications on how we understand galaxy evolution,” which will help researchers\u003ca href=\"https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/dwarf-galaxies-shed-light-on-black-hole-origins/\"> understand how black holes operate in larger galaxies\u003c/a>, like our Milky Way, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telescope technician Matthew Brooks maintains the observatory’s telescopes. This includes troubleshooting and repairing the equipment, which requires technical skills in complex electronic instrumentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997154 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-4_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 36-inch Great Lick Refractor at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997178\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"838\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-800x268.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-1020x342.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-160x54.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-768x257.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-1536x515.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-2048x686.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-DIPTYCH-1-1920x644.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Allan Meyer, Public Programs Telescope Operator, works in the 36-inch Great Lick Refractor room at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He helps set up the telescope that Aravindan is using for her research. “I point this thing at science targets,” Brooks said. “They take the data and figure out the universe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Lick, Brooks was on an aircraft carrier, fixing broken helicopters for the Marines. He’s been at the observatory for nearly a decade now, living on the mountaintop with his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time I saw Jupiter through a telescope was on a Navy ship, and I could see the dots moving throughout the night,” Brooks said. “The next time I saw it was through this [Shane] telescope with a 120-inch aperture, and I could see color and storms, I could tell that the moons were spheres, and it blew my mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Snakes and wildfire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While living on the summit of Mount Hamilton has its perks, living in an isolated location, with winding mountain roads and limited amenities, can be challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a staff member at the observatory discovered two rattlesnakes near the observatory’s main building, which had to be relocated. “There are people who are known to be the rattlesnake grabbers [living on the mountain] and some people I know are like: ‘I’m not going to touch it,’ right?” Lynam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997128 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SOUTHBAYOBSERVATORY_GC-22-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, Sean Carter, building maintenance worker, Shawn Stone, telescope technician, and Paul Lynam, resident astronomer, converse at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. Due to working day and night shifts, observatory staff don’t always see each other often. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Extreme weather and wildfires are another big challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/lick-observatory-astronomy-archive-fire\">SCU Lightning Complex Fire raced through the Diablo Range\u003c/a>, surrounding Lick Observatory and threatening to destroy it. While Lynam and most of his colleagues evacuated smoothly, those who were living on the mountain, “were so dispersed at such short notice,” Lynam said, adding that one of his colleagues had to essentially camp out on someone’s driveway for six weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several structures were destroyed and others damaged. Miraculously, the fire did not destroy the telescopes and domes. “It [the fire] was almost like a crucible that drew a lot of the staff together in those circumstances. But the memories, positive and negative, will never leave the people who experienced it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dealing with light pollution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lick Observatory continues to conduct cutting-edge research, but light pollution from nearby cities poses a growing threat. In 2018, San José lifted a decades-long ban on LED billboards. “These produce a lot of blue light, which scatters more in the atmosphere and creates more skyglow,” Lynam said about LEDs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect of light pollution? Dimmer stars. Fainter galaxies. And more difficulty in capturing clean data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997153 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/06/20250530_SouthBayObservatory_GC-45-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Views from the outside of the visitor center at the Lick Observatory in Mt. Hamilton on May 30, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Local ordinances have aimed to control some of the worst offenders, such as upward-facing signage and digital billboards, but enforcement is inconsistent. Lynam said community engagement and policy action are crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every additional light fixture adds to this increasingly bright background,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Eyes on the heavens for more than a century\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Throughout the years, Lick Observatory has been threatened by \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucobservatories.org/category/wildfires/\">wildfires\u003c/a>, earthquakes and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10342438/venerable-lick-observatory-faces-funding-cut\">funding cuts,\u003c/a> like in 2013, although they were reversed a year later. The telescopes shifted from glass-lensed refractors to powerful mirror-based lenses. And through it all, scientists have kept their eyes on the heavens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a clear day, visitors can see across the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada — even Yosemite’s El Capitan is visible from the main building’s viewing scopes. At night, if the light pollution hasn’t crept too far, the sky still opens up wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an era of space telescopes and AI-assisted astronomy, Lick remains a place where real people point real instruments at distant galaxies — and still find themselves surprised by what they discover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a really kind of uncontrollable reaction when people look through a telescope and they see Saturn or the moon or something like that,” Lynam said. “And it just blows people away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Lick Observatory is open to the public daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Check \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lickobservatory.org/public-visitor-information/visitor-center/\">\u003cem>their website\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for free weekend tours and walking tours. Or attend a \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/event/5148\">\u003cem>Bay Curious Walking Tour at the Lick Observatory on June 22\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The mosquito buzzing that you find annoying and disgusting is irresistible to a male mosquito. He follows the sound of a female mosquito’s beating wings to find a mate. It turns out, male mosquitoes are really good listeners.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>You’re settling in for a nap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as you drift off … That’s the sound of a female mosquito’s wings. Shoo!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s on her way to bite you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> females dig in, they can transmit dangerous diseases, like yellow fever and dengue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only females bite us. She needs your nutritious blood to make her eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Watch these other \u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em> videos about mosquitoes:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/728086/how-mosquitoes-use-six-needles-to-suck-your-blood\">How Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960549/this-dangerous-mosquito-lays-her-armored-eggs-in-your-house/\">This Dangerous Mosquito Lays Her Armored Eggs – in Your House\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, she also needs a date. An aerial romance. Scientists are studying how exactly mosquitoes hook up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound of a female’s wings flapping helps a male find her. It turns out, male mosquitoes are really good listeners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My, what hairy antennae you have!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His antennae give him exquisitely sensitive hearing. And for him, sound is the stuff of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he flies, he can beat his wings over 1,000 times per second. This churns out a whiny tone, with the loudest frequency around 600 hertz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A female beats her wings slower, with her loudest frequency around 400 hertz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check this out. If you blast a tone around 400 hertz out of your headphones, a male is drawn in like a magnet. Even this electronic sound does the trick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male hears the difference between his sound and hers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he’s gotta go where the ladies hang out. So, even though he doesn’t bite, he makes the rounds at one of their favorite lunch spots: your ankles. Our foot stink attracts them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she flies by, her wings move the air, which moves his antennae and all its hairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This triggers sensors inside these round pedicels at the base of his antennae: his ears … between his eyes. The sensors – 16,000 of them – send information to the brain. That’s as many sensory cells as we have in each ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He follows his ears to a female. But, buzzkill, she just kicks him away. Turns out, this happens a lot. In one experiment, researchers tethered females to strands of hair so they could film them flying in slow motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that males get rejected 85% of the time. Ouch!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a male doesn’t get the boot, he moves to face her and hangs on to her with his legs. Then he curves his abdomen towards her and uses these tiny claspers to attach to her body and mate in midair – for up to 30 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She only mates once. Then she finds a small pool of water and lays her eggs right above the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They become aquatic larvae … then, grow into pupae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, an adult pulls itself out. From air to water and back to the air again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Great, more mosquitoes in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By studying how mosquitoes listen carefully to find a mate, maybe scientists can mess with their buzz.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The mosquito buzzing that you find annoying and disgusting is irresistible to a male mosquito. He follows the sound of a female mosquito’s beating wings to find a mate. It turns out, male mosquitoes are really good listeners.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The mosquito buzzing that you find annoying and disgusting is irresistible to a male mosquito. He follows the sound of a female mosquito’s beating wings to find a mate. It turns out, male mosquitoes are really good listeners.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>You’re settling in for a nap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as you drift off … That’s the sound of a female mosquito’s wings. Shoo!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s on her way to bite you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> females dig in, they can transmit dangerous diseases, like yellow fever and dengue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only females bite us. She needs your nutritious blood to make her eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Watch these other \u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em> videos about mosquitoes:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/728086/how-mosquitoes-use-six-needles-to-suck-your-blood\">How Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960549/this-dangerous-mosquito-lays-her-armored-eggs-in-your-house/\">This Dangerous Mosquito Lays Her Armored Eggs – in Your House\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, she also needs a date. An aerial romance. Scientists are studying how exactly mosquitoes hook up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound of a female’s wings flapping helps a male find her. It turns out, male mosquitoes are really good listeners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My, what hairy antennae you have!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His antennae give him exquisitely sensitive hearing. And for him, sound is the stuff of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he flies, he can beat his wings over 1,000 times per second. This churns out a whiny tone, with the loudest frequency around 600 hertz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A female beats her wings slower, with her loudest frequency around 400 hertz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check this out. If you blast a tone around 400 hertz out of your headphones, a male is drawn in like a magnet. Even this electronic sound does the trick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male hears the difference between his sound and hers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he’s gotta go where the ladies hang out. So, even though he doesn’t bite, he makes the rounds at one of their favorite lunch spots: your ankles. Our foot stink attracts them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she flies by, her wings move the air, which moves his antennae and all its hairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This triggers sensors inside these round pedicels at the base of his antennae: his ears … between his eyes. The sensors – 16,000 of them – send information to the brain. That’s as many sensory cells as we have in each ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He follows his ears to a female. But, buzzkill, she just kicks him away. Turns out, this happens a lot. In one experiment, researchers tethered females to strands of hair so they could film them flying in slow motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that males get rejected 85% of the time. Ouch!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a male doesn’t get the boot, he moves to face her and hangs on to her with his legs. Then he curves his abdomen towards her and uses these tiny claspers to attach to her body and mate in midair – for up to 30 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She only mates once. Then she finds a small pool of water and lays her eggs right above the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They become aquatic larvae … then, grow into pupae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, an adult pulls itself out. From air to water and back to the air again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Great, more mosquitoes in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By studying how mosquitoes listen carefully to find a mate, maybe scientists can mess with their buzz.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A coalition of advocates and loyal supporters has staved off the closure of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12036970/unique-san-francisco-bay-marine-lab-faces-closure-has-days-raise-millions\">unique marine research center\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Bay — at least for another six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco State University first announced earlier this year that it could no longer afford the Estuary and Ocean Science Center on its 53-acre Romberg Tiburon Campus. Although scientists, conservationists and community members jumped into action and raised millions of dollars, their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038610/san-francisco-bays-only-marine-lab-on-verge-of-closing-threatening-decades-of-coastal-research\">fundraising effort appeared to fail\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early May, the university signaled that it would likely shutter the campus. But the university told KQED this week that it is exploring a new financial option to keep the bayside research center afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in conversation with [a] foundation,” said Amy Sueyoshi, SF State’s provost and vice president of academic affairs. “It looks hopeful that it could both cover ongoing expenses and maybe take on Romberg Tiburon in the future. And so we want to explore that relationship in the coming months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to dropping \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016316/sf-state-lecturers-rattled-by-looming-job-cuts-enrollment-slides\">enrollment \u003c/a>and new \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020389/newsom-projects-slight-budget-surplus-with-focus-on-saving-accountability\">reductions\u003c/a> to state university funding, SF State faces a budget shortfall of approximately $25 million. Without this new financial assistance, SF State would phase out operations at the marine research center — a regional science hub where researchers restore eelgrass, monitor water quality, rehabilitate endangered fish, implement sea-level rise adaptation projects and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12037365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12037365\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20250423_MARINELAB_GC-5-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oyster shells collected and bagged are used for a living shorelines project at San Francisco State’s Estuary and Ocean Science Center, in Tiburon on April 23, 2025.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The deal is far from locked down. The parties have not agreed yet on how much funding the foundation might contribute in the interim while SF State looks for a new owner for the campus, Sueyoshi explained. The university would not share the name of the foundation yet. SF State will decide the center’s ultimate future by January 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be a group of folks from the foundation as well as from the university meeting through the fall semester,” Sueyoshi said. “We’ve set a January deadline for us to come to a decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center has been an invaluable resource for SF State scientists and graduate students for years. The university began research at the bayside property, once a U.S. Navy base, in 1978.[aside postID=news_12038610 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250423_MarineLab_GC-16_qed-1020x680.jpg']The site also hosts the \u003ca href=\"https://coast.noaa.gov/nerrs/reserves/san-francisco-bay.html\">San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://serc.si.edu/\">Smithsonian Environmental Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person in particular refused to let the center fold. This spring, Katharyn Boyer, the center’s interim executive director, scrambled to convince donors to pledge money. By April 30 — an internal deadline from SF State — Boyer said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038610/san-francisco-bays-only-marine-lab-on-verge-of-closing-threatening-decades-of-coastal-research\">she had raised\u003c/a> about $3.2 million. But it was not enough to convince the university’s leadership to keep the doors open. They had hoped for $10 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyer, who would have had to move her research to SF State’s main campus if the Tiburon campus closed, declined to comment on negotiations with the foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many others have advocated for the center to stay open. Rebecca Schwartz Lesberg, the president of consulting firm Coastal Policy Solutions, organized a coalition of statewide stakeholders called \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendsofeosc.org/\">Friends of the Estuary and Ocean Science Center\u003c/a>. They reached out to their representatives and the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SF State appears to be working hard to explore this new alternative. The university plans to share more details about the potential donor at a fall budget meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Estuary and ocean science is valuable, and we need to be thinking seriously about the climate,” Sueyoshi said. “We’re just not set up in the kind of business model where we can continue to subsidize Romberg Tiburon as a second location.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in conversation with [a] foundation,” said Amy Sueyoshi, SF State’s provost and vice president of academic affairs. “It looks hopeful that it could both cover ongoing expenses and maybe take on Romberg Tiburon in the future. And so we want to explore that relationship in the coming months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to dropping \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016316/sf-state-lecturers-rattled-by-looming-job-cuts-enrollment-slides\">enrollment \u003c/a>and new \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020389/newsom-projects-slight-budget-surplus-with-focus-on-saving-accountability\">reductions\u003c/a> to state university funding, SF State faces a budget shortfall of approximately $25 million. Without this new financial assistance, SF State would phase out operations at the marine research center — a regional science hub where researchers restore eelgrass, monitor water quality, rehabilitate endangered fish, implement sea-level rise adaptation projects and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12037365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12037365\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/20250423_MARINELAB_GC-5-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oyster shells collected and bagged are used for a living shorelines project at San Francisco State’s Estuary and Ocean Science Center, in Tiburon on April 23, 2025.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The deal is far from locked down. The parties have not agreed yet on how much funding the foundation might contribute in the interim while SF State looks for a new owner for the campus, Sueyoshi explained. The university would not share the name of the foundation yet. SF State will decide the center’s ultimate future by January 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be a group of folks from the foundation as well as from the university meeting through the fall semester,” Sueyoshi said. “We’ve set a January deadline for us to come to a decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center has been an invaluable resource for SF State scientists and graduate students for years. The university began research at the bayside property, once a U.S. Navy base, in 1978.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The site also hosts the \u003ca href=\"https://coast.noaa.gov/nerrs/reserves/san-francisco-bay.html\">San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://serc.si.edu/\">Smithsonian Environmental Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person in particular refused to let the center fold. This spring, Katharyn Boyer, the center’s interim executive director, scrambled to convince donors to pledge money. By April 30 — an internal deadline from SF State — Boyer said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038610/san-francisco-bays-only-marine-lab-on-verge-of-closing-threatening-decades-of-coastal-research\">she had raised\u003c/a> about $3.2 million. But it was not enough to convince the university’s leadership to keep the doors open. They had hoped for $10 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyer, who would have had to move her research to SF State’s main campus if the Tiburon campus closed, declined to comment on negotiations with the foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many others have advocated for the center to stay open. Rebecca Schwartz Lesberg, the president of consulting firm Coastal Policy Solutions, organized a coalition of statewide stakeholders called \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendsofeosc.org/\">Friends of the Estuary and Ocean Science Center\u003c/a>. They reached out to their representatives and the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SF State appears to be working hard to explore this new alternative. The university plans to share more details about the potential donor at a fall budget meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Estuary and ocean science is valuable, and we need to be thinking seriously about the climate,” Sueyoshi said. “We’re just not set up in the kind of business model where we can continue to subsidize Romberg Tiburon as a second location.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Several members of the Bay Area’s congressional delegation are pressing the Trump administration to reverse \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029178/trumps-mass-layoffs-noaa-cut-into-bay-area-weather-service\">firings\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/national-weather-service\">National Weather Service\u003c/a> offices in Sacramento and Hanford that curtailed their 24-hour operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight Bay Area representatives were among 23 California Democrats who signed a \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/lofgren.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/california-delegation-letter-on-nws-cuts-5.30.25.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> criticizing the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101909033/trump-purge-hits-bay-area-federal-workers\">terminations, hiring freezes, and vacancies\u003c/a>” that led the weather service to reduce services at these forecast offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These service reductions represent the beginning of a public safety crisis with potentially catastrophic consequences if the NWS is unable to retain the staff necessary to maintain around-the-clock weather monitoring in California,” the letter said. “Across the state’s airports, highways, farms, and reservoirs, accurate, reliable, and timely weather forecasting is critical for every Californian.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers addressed the letter to Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and Laura Grimm, acting administrator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which is housed in the Commerce Department. The letter urged them to halt any service reductions, reinstate terminated workers and lift the federal hiring freeze for NWS.[aside postID=news_12042383 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/CanadaWildfireGetty-1020x680.jpg']During his confirmation hearing, Lutnick said he did not want to dismantle the weather service, but he thinks it can be more efficient and less expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both offices are hollowed out and operating at “half strength as we approach the peak of wildfire season,” the letter said, with seven of 16 meteorologist positions sitting vacant in Sacramento and eight out of 13 empty in Hanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slashing staffing in half at the offices responsible for predicting wildfires, atmospheric rivers, and natural disasters is unacceptable, puts thousands of lives at risk, and does nothing to increase government efficiency,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NWS’s Hanford office services the San Joaquin Valley, and the Sacramento office forecasts for a large region that includes 22 counties and 4 million residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter pointed to reports that as many as 500 employees have been terminated or retired early since President Donald Trump took office, which would represent a 12% reduction in staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several members of the Bay Area’s congressional delegation are pressing the Trump administration to reverse \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029178/trumps-mass-layoffs-noaa-cut-into-bay-area-weather-service\">firings\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/national-weather-service\">National Weather Service\u003c/a> offices in Sacramento and Hanford that curtailed their 24-hour operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight Bay Area representatives were among 23 California Democrats who signed a \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/lofgren.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/california-delegation-letter-on-nws-cuts-5.30.25.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> criticizing the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101909033/trump-purge-hits-bay-area-federal-workers\">terminations, hiring freezes, and vacancies\u003c/a>” that led the weather service to reduce services at these forecast offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These service reductions represent the beginning of a public safety crisis with potentially catastrophic consequences if the NWS is unable to retain the staff necessary to maintain around-the-clock weather monitoring in California,” the letter said. “Across the state’s airports, highways, farms, and reservoirs, accurate, reliable, and timely weather forecasting is critical for every Californian.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers addressed the letter to Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and Laura Grimm, acting administrator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which is housed in the Commerce Department. The letter urged them to halt any service reductions, reinstate terminated workers and lift the federal hiring freeze for NWS.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During his confirmation hearing, Lutnick said he did not want to dismantle the weather service, but he thinks it can be more efficient and less expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both offices are hollowed out and operating at “half strength as we approach the peak of wildfire season,” the letter said, with seven of 16 meteorologist positions sitting vacant in Sacramento and eight out of 13 empty in Hanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slashing staffing in half at the offices responsible for predicting wildfires, atmospheric rivers, and natural disasters is unacceptable, puts thousands of lives at risk, and does nothing to increase government efficiency,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NWS’s Hanford office services the San Joaquin Valley, and the Sacramento office forecasts for a large region that includes 22 counties and 4 million residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter pointed to reports that as many as 500 employees have been terminated or retired early since President Donald Trump took office, which would represent a 12% reduction in staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The assault pulled like a riptide on Dr. Dani Golomb’s life, spinning her in unexpected directions, but not quite \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991739/bay-area-medical-psychiatry-pushes-for-hospital-safety-after-violent-attack\">fully pulling her under\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb was working on a California Pacific Medical Center inpatient psychology unit on Sept. 5, 2020, when a patient attacked and dragged her, grabbing her metal clipboard out of her hand and smashing it against her head, knocking her unconscious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb suffered a concussion and a traumatic brain injury, and the headaches and other symptoms still linger. She took multiple leaves of absence from her job, including one that lasted a year, setting her back on her journey to becoming a psychiatrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack happened shortly after she finished medical school and moved from Salt Lake City to San Francisco for a residency at California Pacific Medical Center, Sutter Health’s flagship hospital. Golomb wanted to practice psychiatry in the Bay Area, hoping to one day open her own private practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why I went to medical school. Most people go in because they are passionate about medicine,” she said. “I went in because I was passionate about working with individuals in therapy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the attack, Golomb — with her life and career upended — dedicated herself to improving safety protections for her colleagues. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991739/bay-area-medical-psychiatry-pushes-for-hospital-safety-after-violent-attack\">She shared her story with KQED\u003c/a>, which triggered the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, or Cal/OSHA, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980953/california-regulators-investigate-sutter-health-over-unreported-assault-on-psychiatry-worker\">launch an investigation\u003c/a>, including an inspection of the psych unit where she was attacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997083\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sutter Health CPMC Davies Campus in San Francisco on Feb. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The details of the investigation, which concluded last fall, have not been discussed publicly until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put so much work into providing [investigators] with as much information as I could, sending them documents, connecting them with people, talking to nurses about the importance of reporting,” Golomb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She feels state regulators and her employer fell short of providing the safety protections the hospital needs. Her story exposes holes in California’s workplace violence regulations for healthcare workers — namely, a lack of reporting on the part of employers and enforcement on the part of Cal/OSHA and its understaffed offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA investigators identified numerous other colleagues who suffered attacks on California Pacific Medical Center’s inpatient psych unit. In one instance, a patient broke the nose and ribs of a nurse who “will never return again,” the Cal/OSHA inspection found.[aside postID=news_11980953 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240208-HospitalViolence-11-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg']In another case, a patient charged at an occupational therapist who was leading an exercise group and lifted them off the floor. “He carried me across the room by my neck,” the therapist reported, according to interview notes included in the Cal/OSHA report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He dragged me to a corner of the room and pulled a chair in front of us. He said if I don’t get to talk to the judge, ‘I am going to kill her,’” the therapist said, according to the notes. A security guard eventually defused the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, two years after Golomb’s assault, Sutter Health relocated the inpatient psych unit where she was attacked to its Davies Campus. The hospital said it spent about $40 million outfitting the unit with cameras, panic buttons, duress alarms and secured doors to enhance safety. Staff can reach security by phone and a voice-operated device. The floor also has security officers during daytime hours, which Golomb said has made staff feel safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cal/OSHA report alleged numerous hospital failures at the new unit on security training, staffing, informing staff of “incident investigations and any corrective actions,” and a lack of “physical barriers between patients and clinicians” in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A patient has jumped from the waist height counter onto a nurse from behind in the past, injuring his shoulders and neck,” the report said, noting blind corners, broken elevators and insufficient emergency exits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997087\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1997087\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-800x1036.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1036\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-800x1036.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-1020x1321.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door.jpg 1076w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photograph of an out-of-order elevator from the Cal/OSHA report on Sutter Health CPMC Davies Campus in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Screenshot from Cal/OSHA report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of the details in the inspection were validating, Golomb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the first sign it might not produce the meaningful change Golomb sought came when investigators told her that her case fell outside the statute of limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘Wait a second, this is off the table?’ That was the impetus for this investigation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of the inspection, which cited \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980953/california-regulators-investigate-sutter-health-over-unreported-assault-on-psychiatry-worker\">KQED’s reporting\u003c/a>, regulators issued two small citations to the hospital totaling $1,575: a fine of $525 for failing to maintain two failed separate exits and a $1,050 fine for failing to implement Sutter’s workplace violence prevention plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA must issue a citation no later than six months after the “occurrence of a violation,” according to the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB§ionNum=6317\">labor code\u003c/a>. But the “occurrence” continues until it is “corrected, or the division discovers the violation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA did not appear to become aware of Golomb’s 2020 assault until she came forward with her story years later. Garrett Brown, a former field inspector who worked for more than two decades at Cal/OSHA, said regulators could still have examined Golomb’s attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital was legally required to file a violent incident report to state regulators within 72 hours, but Cal/OSHA has no record of the incident. Sutter Health acknowledged that it did not initially report Golomb’s assault or injury but said it did record the assault in an injury log filed with the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statute of limitations should be six months after Cal/OSHA became aware of the assault rather than when it occurred, Brown said, adding that it’s “outrageous” and “pisses him off” that it didn’t look at Golomb’s case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutter Health said it has the appropriate safeguards in place, follows state guidelines and is \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=1738851.015\">contesting both citations.\u003c/a> Cal/OSHA declined to comment further because of that appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Sutter spokesperson told KQED in a statement that providing a safe place for employees to work and patients to receive care is the hospital’s top priority. “We continually reevaluate our procedures and facilities to ensure we are providing the safest possible environment,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The citations felt like a slap on the wrist for Sutter, Golomb said, and the hospital’s appeal was like a slap across her face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997089 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Dani Golomb poses for a portrait in San Francisco’s Mission Dolores Park on Monday, March 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Seeing this was just like, ‘Oh, right, nobody cares about enforcement,’” she said. “And I don’t mean nobody cares about me. I mean, nobody cares about the safety of workers and poor patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is what Brown calls an “outrageous understaffing” of Cal/OSHA inspectors, with only two individuals who are charged with overseeing all of San Francisco’s workplaces, according to a Cal/OSHA organization chart dated the first of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The district manager is under enormous pressure to open, close, open, close, open, close the inspections because there’s this stack that grows every day of complaints and accidents that report,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Lopez, Cal/OSHA’s communications deputy director, pushed back and said in a statement the number of available inspectors does not determine the pace of an investigation. “Timely enforcement is critical, as these cases often involve serious safety concerns that affect both employers and workers,” he said. “Cal/OSHA prioritizes inspection activities based on the greatest risk to employees, responding to imminent hazards, fatalities, serious injury and illnesses and serious complaints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez added that Cal/OSHA recently hired an associate safety engineer, noting that San Francisco is a particularly competitive market and the agency is “actively” recruiting to fill three remaining vacancies in its office. “The division’s vacancy rate is among the lowest it has been in several years,” he said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/DOSH-Recruitment-Hiring.html\">pointing to a fact sheet that pegged it at 13%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2014, California health care facilities have been subject to the nation’s strongest workplace violence regulations.[aside postID=science_1991739 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/240209-HOSPITALVIOLENCE-20-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']California Sen. Alex Padilla, when he was a state lawmaker, crafted the rules with SB 1299 “to help ensure safer working environments for the nurses and doctors who provide critical care for our communities, but it’s clear that more needs to be done to build on our efforts,” he told KQED in a statement. “Physicians on the frontlines of our mental health crisis deserve a safe workplace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Nurses Association, which sponsored the legislation, has since criticized the state’s enforcement and hospitals for underreporting violent incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb pushed for accountability another way, thrusting herself into an organizing effort with her coworkers and leading residents to push for stronger protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb and her resident colleagues joined the Committee of Interns and Residents, a local of the Service Employees International Union, and engaged in contentious bargaining with Sutter Health over demands for, among other things, 24-hour security in the inpatient psych unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco supervisors \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989597/assault-on-psych-doctor-spurs-call-for-california-health-system-to-boost-safety\">urged Sutter Health in a letter addressed to its leadership\u003c/a> to step up safety measures. “Health care workers who keep us safe and healthy deserve safety in their workplace, too,” then-Board of Supervisors President Aaron Peskin said last June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, the residents and Sutter agreed to a contract, which included increased salaries and housing stipends, as well as an education fund to cover conferences and other professional development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997093 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Dani Golomb, psychiatry resident at CPMC Sutter Davies Campus, holds a piece of pottery she made at her home in San Francisco on Feb. 9, 2024. Golomb makes art as a coping mechanism after experiencing workplace violence incidents where patients have attacked staff. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the union failed to secure one key demand: round-the-clock security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb said it is hard not to feel disappointed. “A big piece of it is in the institutions,” she said. “But a part of me wants to say to myself, ‘Did I not fight hard enough?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She cannot remember what she first envisioned residency to be like. She certainly did not imagine she would have endured such a horrific assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One that could have ended my career in medicine. Then to have a brain that has changed because of it,” she said. “I’ve come such a long way in my recovery, but I also feel that experience has made me even more clear about what my beliefs are in practicing medicine and the kind of doctor I want to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s counting the days until she graduates at the end of June. She’ll take time off before starting a private practice in San Francisco, not too far from California Pacific Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very exciting,” Golomb said. “But it’s very much like being a senior in high school and you’re just like, ‘Come on, let’s go.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The assault pulled like a riptide on Dr. Dani Golomb’s life, spinning her in unexpected directions, but not quite \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991739/bay-area-medical-psychiatry-pushes-for-hospital-safety-after-violent-attack\">fully pulling her under\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb was working on a California Pacific Medical Center inpatient psychology unit on Sept. 5, 2020, when a patient attacked and dragged her, grabbing her metal clipboard out of her hand and smashing it against her head, knocking her unconscious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb suffered a concussion and a traumatic brain injury, and the headaches and other symptoms still linger. She took multiple leaves of absence from her job, including one that lasted a year, setting her back on her journey to becoming a psychiatrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack happened shortly after she finished medical school and moved from Salt Lake City to San Francisco for a residency at California Pacific Medical Center, Sutter Health’s flagship hospital. Golomb wanted to practice psychiatry in the Bay Area, hoping to one day open her own private practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why I went to medical school. Most people go in because they are passionate about medicine,” she said. “I went in because I was passionate about working with individuals in therapy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the attack, Golomb — with her life and career upended — dedicated herself to improving safety protections for her colleagues. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991739/bay-area-medical-psychiatry-pushes-for-hospital-safety-after-violent-attack\">She shared her story with KQED\u003c/a>, which triggered the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, or Cal/OSHA, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980953/california-regulators-investigate-sutter-health-over-unreported-assault-on-psychiatry-worker\">launch an investigation\u003c/a>, including an inspection of the psych unit where she was attacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1997083\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240208-HospitalViolence-09-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sutter Health CPMC Davies Campus in San Francisco on Feb. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The details of the investigation, which concluded last fall, have not been discussed publicly until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put so much work into providing [investigators] with as much information as I could, sending them documents, connecting them with people, talking to nurses about the importance of reporting,” Golomb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She feels state regulators and her employer fell short of providing the safety protections the hospital needs. Her story exposes holes in California’s workplace violence regulations for healthcare workers — namely, a lack of reporting on the part of employers and enforcement on the part of Cal/OSHA and its understaffed offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA investigators identified numerous other colleagues who suffered attacks on California Pacific Medical Center’s inpatient psych unit. In one instance, a patient broke the nose and ribs of a nurse who “will never return again,” the Cal/OSHA inspection found.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In another case, a patient charged at an occupational therapist who was leading an exercise group and lifted them off the floor. “He carried me across the room by my neck,” the therapist reported, according to interview notes included in the Cal/OSHA report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He dragged me to a corner of the room and pulled a chair in front of us. He said if I don’t get to talk to the judge, ‘I am going to kill her,’” the therapist said, according to the notes. A security guard eventually defused the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, two years after Golomb’s assault, Sutter Health relocated the inpatient psych unit where she was attacked to its Davies Campus. The hospital said it spent about $40 million outfitting the unit with cameras, panic buttons, duress alarms and secured doors to enhance safety. Staff can reach security by phone and a voice-operated device. The floor also has security officers during daytime hours, which Golomb said has made staff feel safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cal/OSHA report alleged numerous hospital failures at the new unit on security training, staffing, informing staff of “incident investigations and any corrective actions,” and a lack of “physical barriers between patients and clinicians” in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A patient has jumped from the waist height counter onto a nurse from behind in the past, injuring his shoulders and neck,” the report said, noting blind corners, broken elevators and insufficient emergency exits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997087\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1997087\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-800x1036.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1036\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-800x1036.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-1020x1321.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/Elevator-Door.jpg 1076w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photograph of an out-of-order elevator from the Cal/OSHA report on Sutter Health CPMC Davies Campus in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Screenshot from Cal/OSHA report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of the details in the inspection were validating, Golomb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the first sign it might not produce the meaningful change Golomb sought came when investigators told her that her case fell outside the statute of limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘Wait a second, this is off the table?’ That was the impetus for this investigation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of the inspection, which cited \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980953/california-regulators-investigate-sutter-health-over-unreported-assault-on-psychiatry-worker\">KQED’s reporting\u003c/a>, regulators issued two small citations to the hospital totaling $1,575: a fine of $525 for failing to maintain two failed separate exits and a $1,050 fine for failing to implement Sutter’s workplace violence prevention plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA must issue a citation no later than six months after the “occurrence of a violation,” according to the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB§ionNum=6317\">labor code\u003c/a>. But the “occurrence” continues until it is “corrected, or the division discovers the violation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA did not appear to become aware of Golomb’s 2020 assault until she came forward with her story years later. Garrett Brown, a former field inspector who worked for more than two decades at Cal/OSHA, said regulators could still have examined Golomb’s attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital was legally required to file a violent incident report to state regulators within 72 hours, but Cal/OSHA has no record of the incident. Sutter Health acknowledged that it did not initially report Golomb’s assault or injury but said it did record the assault in an injury log filed with the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statute of limitations should be six months after Cal/OSHA became aware of the assault rather than when it occurred, Brown said, adding that it’s “outrageous” and “pisses him off” that it didn’t look at Golomb’s case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutter Health said it has the appropriate safeguards in place, follows state guidelines and is \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=1738851.015\">contesting both citations.\u003c/a> Cal/OSHA declined to comment further because of that appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Sutter spokesperson told KQED in a statement that providing a safe place for employees to work and patients to receive care is the hospital’s top priority. “We continually reevaluate our procedures and facilities to ensure we are providing the safest possible environment,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The citations felt like a slap on the wrist for Sutter, Golomb said, and the hospital’s appeal was like a slap across her face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997089 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250310_Dani-Golomb_DMB_00203_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Dani Golomb poses for a portrait in San Francisco’s Mission Dolores Park on Monday, March 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Seeing this was just like, ‘Oh, right, nobody cares about enforcement,’” she said. “And I don’t mean nobody cares about me. I mean, nobody cares about the safety of workers and poor patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is what Brown calls an “outrageous understaffing” of Cal/OSHA inspectors, with only two individuals who are charged with overseeing all of San Francisco’s workplaces, according to a Cal/OSHA organization chart dated the first of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The district manager is under enormous pressure to open, close, open, close, open, close the inspections because there’s this stack that grows every day of complaints and accidents that report,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Lopez, Cal/OSHA’s communications deputy director, pushed back and said in a statement the number of available inspectors does not determine the pace of an investigation. “Timely enforcement is critical, as these cases often involve serious safety concerns that affect both employers and workers,” he said. “Cal/OSHA prioritizes inspection activities based on the greatest risk to employees, responding to imminent hazards, fatalities, serious injury and illnesses and serious complaints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez added that Cal/OSHA recently hired an associate safety engineer, noting that San Francisco is a particularly competitive market and the agency is “actively” recruiting to fill three remaining vacancies in its office. “The division’s vacancy rate is among the lowest it has been in several years,” he said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/DOSH-Recruitment-Hiring.html\">pointing to a fact sheet that pegged it at 13%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2014, California health care facilities have been subject to the nation’s strongest workplace violence regulations.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>California Sen. Alex Padilla, when he was a state lawmaker, crafted the rules with SB 1299 “to help ensure safer working environments for the nurses and doctors who provide critical care for our communities, but it’s clear that more needs to be done to build on our efforts,” he told KQED in a statement. “Physicians on the frontlines of our mental health crisis deserve a safe workplace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Nurses Association, which sponsored the legislation, has since criticized the state’s enforcement and hospitals for underreporting violent incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb pushed for accountability another way, thrusting herself into an organizing effort with her coworkers and leading residents to push for stronger protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb and her resident colleagues joined the Committee of Interns and Residents, a local of the Service Employees International Union, and engaged in contentious bargaining with Sutter Health over demands for, among other things, 24-hour security in the inpatient psych unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco supervisors \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989597/assault-on-psych-doctor-spurs-call-for-california-health-system-to-boost-safety\">urged Sutter Health in a letter addressed to its leadership\u003c/a> to step up safety measures. “Health care workers who keep us safe and healthy deserve safety in their workplace, too,” then-Board of Supervisors President Aaron Peskin said last June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, the residents and Sutter agreed to a contract, which included increased salaries and housing stipends, as well as an education fund to cover conferences and other professional development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1997093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997093 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/240209-HospitalViolence-29-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Dani Golomb, psychiatry resident at CPMC Sutter Davies Campus, holds a piece of pottery she made at her home in San Francisco on Feb. 9, 2024. Golomb makes art as a coping mechanism after experiencing workplace violence incidents where patients have attacked staff. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the union failed to secure one key demand: round-the-clock security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golomb said it is hard not to feel disappointed. “A big piece of it is in the institutions,” she said. “But a part of me wants to say to myself, ‘Did I not fight hard enough?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She cannot remember what she first envisioned residency to be like. She certainly did not imagine she would have endured such a horrific assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One that could have ended my career in medicine. Then to have a brain that has changed because of it,” she said. “I’ve come such a long way in my recovery, but I also feel that experience has made me even more clear about what my beliefs are in practicing medicine and the kind of doctor I want to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s counting the days until she graduates at the end of June. She’ll take time off before starting a private practice in San Francisco, not too far from California Pacific Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very exciting,” Golomb said. “But it’s very much like being a senior in high school and you’re just like, ‘Come on, let’s go.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "sf-planned-to-improve-treasure-islands-transit-trump-took-back-the-funds",
"title": "SF Planned to Improve Treasure Island’s Transit. Trump Took Back the Funds",
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"headTitle": "SF Planned to Improve Treasure Island’s Transit. Trump Took Back the Funds | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A plan to deepen transit ties between \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790693/magic-city-and-the-making-of-treasure-island\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Treasure Island\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> residents and mainland San Francisco is on hold after the Trump administration \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12039891/bay-area-environmental-justice-projects-in-limbo-after-federal-funding-is-canceled\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">terminated a nearly $20 million grant\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> meant to expand public transportation serving the neighborhood.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funds from the Biden-era Inflation Reduction Act would have transformed connectivity throughout the island and with the wider Bay Area. The transit improvement grant — the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcta.org/press-releases/treasure-island-mobility-management-agency-awarded-20-million-us-epa-community\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Treasure Island Connects\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> program — would have created a microtransit service pilot to transport island residents across the city, established a free on-demand island shuttle, enhanced the existing Muni 25 Treasure Island bus service, helped build an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993824/san-francisco-readies-launch-of-worlds-first-fully-hydrogen-powered-ferry\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">electric ferry charging terminal\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, set up the BayWheels bike share system in the neighborhood and shaped a transportation resource center providing jobs for residents. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The city planned to use program funds to reduce the “community’s exposure to harmful pollutants, while promoting” healthy and equitable transportation options, officials wrote in a release.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, with the Trump administration reclaiming the entire \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12031373/a-radically-reshaped-epa-takes-its-toll-on-bay-area-environmental-justice-efforts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">environmental and climate justice grant\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, San Francisco transportation officials, community groups and District 6 Supervisor Matt Dorsey are now unsure about the long-term viability of the projects. As the city scrambles to seek new funding, Dorsey said he believes the loss of the grant is an example of the federal government’s growing hostility toward American cities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have never seen anything quite like this, where there’s just a level of capriciousness about commitments that the federal government is making, and we’re just not sure if we’re gonna see those dollars,” Dorsey said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For Nella Goncalves, executive director of the nonprofit One Treasure Island, which helps lower-income residents and unhoused people, investing in transportation alternatives would have demonstrated to current and future residents that a car isn’t needed to live on the island.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s unfortunate because it would have been a game changer for residents being able to get around the island and off the island with ease,” Goncalves said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1996664 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/04/20250422_EARTHDAYRALLY_GC-12-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With the loss of the federal grant and the city’s desire to add \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sfplanning.org/project/treasure-island-yerba-buena-island\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">8,000 new homes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Treasure Island and Yerba Buena Island neighborhoods, Goncalves said San Francisco needs to aggressively pursue funding to demonstrate to primarily low-income island residents that they still matter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We are working diligently to be more acknowledged in the city as a San Francisco neighborhood that needs all of the amenities that all of the other neighborhoods enjoy,” Goncalves said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her nonprofit is in the process of applying for grants and has received some funding from a private foundation, which Goncalves called “a drop in the bucket” in the scope of need on the underdeveloped island. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suany Chough, assistant deputy director for planning with the San Francisco County Transportation Authority, said the administration paused the project in January and sent a termination letter in early May. Chough said the loss of the grant, which was meant to “prioritize the projects that the community wanted,” was devastating.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chough said her agency is on the lookout for other ways to pay for the transportation upgrades, and is working with the city attorney’s office to figure out if there are any legal options left on the table. But with plans for new development on the island, funding is needed if the city and developers are serious about thousands of new residents in the coming years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The community is undergoing a great transition,” she said. “There were something like 2,000 folks living there for a while, and now the development program is starting to take shape. Up to 1,000 new residences have been built in the last few years, and there’s a lot more activity taking place.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dorsey said the loss of funding doesn’t change his optimism for Treasure Island, which he said could have a future population of as many as 20,000. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The city is going to continue to build housing here, and we will have to find a way to pay for the infrastructure that we need and make sure that people can get around on the island,” he said. “We want this to be an attractive place for people to come to work and go to great restaurants there and a place for people to live.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dorsey said he’s tasked the city’s transportation authority with finding new funding, which could include federal dollars. But with the current administration, he is unsure if any future grants will include the term environmental justice. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Whether we call it environmental justice or not, this is ultimately about making sure that a major American city, with an expanding population and infrastructure needs, can be a thriving economic powerhouse,” he said. “We should be getting help from our federal partners to succeed. What happens in San Francisco is ultimately good for the economy of the United States of America.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Goncalves said weeding out the term environmental justice isn’t an option. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’m not going to change what we do,” she said. “We are focused on building a mixed-income, diverse, inclusive neighborhood on Treasure Island where everybody has a sense of belonging. We’ve been doing this for over 30 years. This is just a blip in our plan.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Trump administration scrapped a $20 million transit plan for Treasure Island. City leaders are now urgently seeking new funding to keep the island’s development equitable and accessible.",
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"title": "SF Planned to Improve Treasure Island’s Transit. Trump Took Back the Funds | KQED",
"description": "The Trump administration scrapped a $20 million transit plan for Treasure Island. City leaders are now urgently seeking new funding to keep the island’s development equitable and accessible.",
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"headline": "SF Planned to Improve Treasure Island’s Transit. Trump Took Back the Funds",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A plan to deepen transit ties between \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790693/magic-city-and-the-making-of-treasure-island\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Treasure Island\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> residents and mainland San Francisco is on hold after the Trump administration \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12039891/bay-area-environmental-justice-projects-in-limbo-after-federal-funding-is-canceled\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">terminated a nearly $20 million grant\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> meant to expand public transportation serving the neighborhood.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funds from the Biden-era Inflation Reduction Act would have transformed connectivity throughout the island and with the wider Bay Area. The transit improvement grant — the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcta.org/press-releases/treasure-island-mobility-management-agency-awarded-20-million-us-epa-community\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Treasure Island Connects\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> program — would have created a microtransit service pilot to transport island residents across the city, established a free on-demand island shuttle, enhanced the existing Muni 25 Treasure Island bus service, helped build an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993824/san-francisco-readies-launch-of-worlds-first-fully-hydrogen-powered-ferry\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">electric ferry charging terminal\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, set up the BayWheels bike share system in the neighborhood and shaped a transportation resource center providing jobs for residents. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The city planned to use program funds to reduce the “community’s exposure to harmful pollutants, while promoting” healthy and equitable transportation options, officials wrote in a release.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, with the Trump administration reclaiming the entire \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12031373/a-radically-reshaped-epa-takes-its-toll-on-bay-area-environmental-justice-efforts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">environmental and climate justice grant\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, San Francisco transportation officials, community groups and District 6 Supervisor Matt Dorsey are now unsure about the long-term viability of the projects. As the city scrambles to seek new funding, Dorsey said he believes the loss of the grant is an example of the federal government’s growing hostility toward American cities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have never seen anything quite like this, where there’s just a level of capriciousness about commitments that the federal government is making, and we’re just not sure if we’re gonna see those dollars,” Dorsey said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For Nella Goncalves, executive director of the nonprofit One Treasure Island, which helps lower-income residents and unhoused people, investing in transportation alternatives would have demonstrated to current and future residents that a car isn’t needed to live on the island.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s unfortunate because it would have been a game changer for residents being able to get around the island and off the island with ease,” Goncalves said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With the loss of the federal grant and the city’s desire to add \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sfplanning.org/project/treasure-island-yerba-buena-island\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">8,000 new homes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Treasure Island and Yerba Buena Island neighborhoods, Goncalves said San Francisco needs to aggressively pursue funding to demonstrate to primarily low-income island residents that they still matter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We are working diligently to be more acknowledged in the city as a San Francisco neighborhood that needs all of the amenities that all of the other neighborhoods enjoy,” Goncalves said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her nonprofit is in the process of applying for grants and has received some funding from a private foundation, which Goncalves called “a drop in the bucket” in the scope of need on the underdeveloped island. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suany Chough, assistant deputy director for planning with the San Francisco County Transportation Authority, said the administration paused the project in January and sent a termination letter in early May. Chough said the loss of the grant, which was meant to “prioritize the projects that the community wanted,” was devastating.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chough said her agency is on the lookout for other ways to pay for the transportation upgrades, and is working with the city attorney’s office to figure out if there are any legal options left on the table. But with plans for new development on the island, funding is needed if the city and developers are serious about thousands of new residents in the coming years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The community is undergoing a great transition,” she said. “There were something like 2,000 folks living there for a while, and now the development program is starting to take shape. Up to 1,000 new residences have been built in the last few years, and there’s a lot more activity taking place.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dorsey said the loss of funding doesn’t change his optimism for Treasure Island, which he said could have a future population of as many as 20,000. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The city is going to continue to build housing here, and we will have to find a way to pay for the infrastructure that we need and make sure that people can get around on the island,” he said. “We want this to be an attractive place for people to come to work and go to great restaurants there and a place for people to live.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dorsey said he’s tasked the city’s transportation authority with finding new funding, which could include federal dollars. But with the current administration, he is unsure if any future grants will include the term environmental justice. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Whether we call it environmental justice or not, this is ultimately about making sure that a major American city, with an expanding population and infrastructure needs, can be a thriving economic powerhouse,” he said. “We should be getting help from our federal partners to succeed. What happens in San Francisco is ultimately good for the economy of the United States of America.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Goncalves said weeding out the term environmental justice isn’t an option. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’m not going to change what we do,” she said. “We are focused on building a mixed-income, diverse, inclusive neighborhood on Treasure Island where everybody has a sense of belonging. We’ve been doing this for over 30 years. This is just a blip in our plan.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-marin-town-where-rfk-jr-s-message-took-root",
"title": "The Marin Town Where RFK Jr.’s Message Took Root",
"publishDate": 1748440850,
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"headTitle": "The Marin Town Where RFK Jr.’s Message Took Root | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every Wednesday, Fairfax’s farmers market unfolds beneath a canopy of redwoods in West \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/marin-county\">Marin County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids run barefoot through the grass while parents line up for heirloom tomatoes and jars of honey. Local bands often strum bluegrass music near the picnic tables. But last year, the presidential election interrupted the bucolic rhythm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of then-candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. set up shop at the entrance for months. They waved flags, gathered signatures and spread out rows of campaign merchandise — hats, shirts, flyers — stamped with Kennedy’s health reform slogan: “Make America Healthy Again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was all in this spirit of green libertarian politics,” said former Mayor Chance Cutrano, referring to the town’s mix of environmental values and anti-establishment sensibilities. “It’s not uncommon to see ‘Don’t Tread on Me’ stickers in town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other local leaders once dismissed Kennedy’s followers as fringe — a cluster of anti-vaccine activists on the margins — but in recent years, those voices began dominating Town Council meetings. Many locals still vote Democratic, but the tone of civic life has changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not realize the community’s degree of love and connection to RFK as this kind of cult figure,” he said. “There’s just an aggressive, adversarial, conspiratorial energy that has come, likely as an outcropping of the pandemic. It’s unrelenting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996847\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996847\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storefront displays a window filled with anti-Trump signs in downtown Fairfax, Marin County, on May 15, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That energy — rooted in a long-standing distrust of mainstream medicine — boiled over during the pandemic, expanding into a broader skepticism of science and a push for “medical freedom,” the belief that individuals should make their own health decisions without government interference. The movement was fueled by Kennedy and the organization he founded, Children’s Health Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As mayor, Cutrano pushed for renter protections and environmental reforms — priorities that once defined Fairfax politics. “It used to be about stewardship, equity, protecting our ridgelines and the charm of our downtown,” Cutrano said. “Now it’s about opposition. Anti-vax, anti-DEI, anti-climate policy and anti-tenant protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the summer of 2023, a group of politically active locals published a death threat calling for Cutrano’s public lynching and an end to ‘\u003ca href=\"https://marinlocalnews.com/the-fairfax-revolt-against-woke-authoritarianism/\">woke authoritarianism\u003c/a>.’ He was not reelected in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fairfax is the kind of town where residents in yoga pants sip golden milk and debate detox protocols on the patio at Good Earth, the beloved organic grocery store that doubles as its unofficial town square. Residents pride themselves on living just outside San Francisco’s gravitational pull.[aside postID=news_12039390 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/IMG_1018-1020x765.jpg']Many longtime locals still carry the ethos of the ’60s counterculture — Deadheads and old-school activists who never stopped questioning authority. They fought smart meters over concerns about electromagnetic radiation and continue to resist the rollout of 5G cellular networks, citing fears over constant exposure to higher frequency signals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, being “natural” isn’t just a health choice — it’s a worldview. The ground, presumably pesticide-free, was tilled and ready for Kennedy’s platform to take root.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regulars at public meetings accused us of knowingly harming people with vaccines,” said Matthew Willis, who served as Marin County’s public health officer throughout the pandemic. “They hung banners over Highway 101 calling for me to be locked up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, when supporters led a Kennedy float through the Fairfax Festival parade, Willis felt the need to hide his family as it passed by. “I wasn’t sure what would happen if they saw us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis retired at the end of the summer and is still grappling with how quickly the movement gained ground. “I didn’t see all the ways this group was tied to a much stronger national thread, or that the leader of that movement would be put in charge of our entire national health and science system,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996852\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996852\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Matt Willis, former Marin County Public Health Officer, poses for a portrait in San Anselmo on May 15, 2025. After serving as the county’s health official from 2013 to 2024, Willis retired in September 2024 and now focuses on climate health and public health communication initiatives. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As head of Health and Human Services, Kennedy has instilled his own ideology into federal policy. In his first months in office, he launched a controversial autism inquiry focused on environmental causes, cast doubt on bird flu vaccines, condemned the sale of ultra-processed food on Native American reservations as a form of genocide, proposed deep budget cuts to the Centers for Disease Control and National Institutes of Health and terminated thousands of federal health workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on Tuesday, Kennedy announced that the CDC would no longer recommend the COVID-19 vaccine for healthy children and pregnant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say his approach could weaken the institutions that prevent disease and respond to health emergencies. However, for supporters like Nathanial Lepp, a family physician and addiction specialist in Fairfax, Kennedy’s early actions are a long-overdue reckoning with the public health system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think he’s directionally correct,” Lepp, 40, said. “Even if he doesn’t always get the details right, he’s asking the question nobody else is asking: Why are we so sick?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lepp’s work experience shaped his worldview. During his residency at a safety-net hospital in Salinas, he had a front-row seat to the opioid crisis. He saw patients harmed not by a lack of care, but by the care itself — from overprescribed painkillers to long-term dependence on psychiatric medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One patient in his 60s arrived in the ER disoriented and unable to hold a conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996848\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996848\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small businesses, cafes, and independent shops line the streets of downtown Fairfax in Marin County on May 15, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone thought he had dementia,” Lepp said. When tests came back normal, doctors gradually weaned him off a benzodiazepine, a nervous system depressant commonly used to treat insomnia, anxiety and seizures. Over the next three months, the fog lifted. “His symptoms were gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lepp now works with patients to taper off medications that may be doing more harm than good. He said Kennedy is one of the few public figures willing to confront the uncomfortable possibility that medicine itself is part of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politically, Lepp long considered himself far-left — protesting the Iraq War and supporting progressive presidential candidates like Ralph Nader and Howard Dean. But over time, he grew disillusioned with a system he saw as more focused on preserving the status quo than delivering real reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Democrats consolidated around Joe Biden in 2020, sidelining Sen. Bernie Sanders, he felt his views confirmed. “They were terrible at governing and consistently blocked more populist voices,” Lepp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy, he claimed, is the first national figure in years who seems willing to question the system itself — not just “tinker around the edges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996849\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996849\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martin Kaufman sits at a parklet in downtown Fairfax, Marin County, on May 15, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Martin Kaufman, a 41-year-old cannabis entrepreneur in Fairfax, doesn’t trust much anymore — not public health agencies, not politicians, not the media. He once leaned left, drawn to causes like cannabis legalization and environmental protection. He said his faith in the government gave way to deep cynicism. “I just look at what politicians actually accomplish,” he said. “Most of them? Nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his second COVID-19 shot, Kaufman said he developed symptoms consistent with cerebral encephalitis — severe headaches, brain fog and cognitive issues that lingered for months. During his recovery, a friend gave him a copy of Kennedy’s 2021 book, \u003cem>The Real Anthony Fauci\u003c/em>, which public health officials have widely criticized for promoting conspiracy theories, including claims that vaccines are tools of population control and that the pandemic was engineered to benefit pharmaceutical companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He wants to study vaccines in a way that hasn’t been allowed for decades,” Kaufman said. “Maybe we find out they’re totally safe. Maybe not. Either way, at least we’ll know. That alone is a public service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists argue that Kennedy’s push to “study vaccines” misrepresents the state of existing research. Dozens of large-scale studies found vaccines to be overwhelmingly safe and effective. Still, for some voters, Kennedy’s outsider stance makes him compelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of this stuff even mattered to me until RFK started talking about it,” said Zadie Dressler, a 56-year-old nurse in Petaluma, one of several North Bay cities where Kennedy’s message has caught on. “He’s asking why so many kids have asthma, autism and obesity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996851\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1996851 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local artist sells jewelry in front of Good Earth Natural Foods in Fairfax, Marin County, on May 15, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dressler said she received the first two COVID shots despite feeling hesitant. Months later, she experienced chest pain, tachycardia and fatigue, symptoms she now attributes to the vaccine. Around that time, Kennedy’s videos showed up in her social media feeds. “Everything he said — it felt like the truth,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of Kennedy’s supporters said the same thing — that they didn’t hear his ideas from doctors or the news, but through posts shared online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s not just talking — he’s living it,” Dressler said. “He wants to get to the root of the problem, not just throw more drugs at everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dressler’s sentiment has rippled out across the north bay. For a while, it was just a folding table, a stack of flyers and a few diehard volunteers at the Fairfax farmers market. But the message — medical freedom, skepticism of government, distrust in public health — caught on. A town once positioned outside the mainstream now feels oddly in step with a national zeitgeist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Fairfax thinks it’s unique,” Cutrano said. “The same story is playing out all across the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every Wednesday, Fairfax’s farmers market unfolds beneath a canopy of redwoods in West \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/marin-county\">Marin County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids run barefoot through the grass while parents line up for heirloom tomatoes and jars of honey. Local bands often strum bluegrass music near the picnic tables. But last year, the presidential election interrupted the bucolic rhythm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of then-candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. set up shop at the entrance for months. They waved flags, gathered signatures and spread out rows of campaign merchandise — hats, shirts, flyers — stamped with Kennedy’s health reform slogan: “Make America Healthy Again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was all in this spirit of green libertarian politics,” said former Mayor Chance Cutrano, referring to the town’s mix of environmental values and anti-establishment sensibilities. “It’s not uncommon to see ‘Don’t Tread on Me’ stickers in town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other local leaders once dismissed Kennedy’s followers as fringe — a cluster of anti-vaccine activists on the margins — but in recent years, those voices began dominating Town Council meetings. Many locals still vote Democratic, but the tone of civic life has changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not realize the community’s degree of love and connection to RFK as this kind of cult figure,” he said. “There’s just an aggressive, adversarial, conspiratorial energy that has come, likely as an outcropping of the pandemic. It’s unrelenting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996847\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996847\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-01-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storefront displays a window filled with anti-Trump signs in downtown Fairfax, Marin County, on May 15, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That energy — rooted in a long-standing distrust of mainstream medicine — boiled over during the pandemic, expanding into a broader skepticism of science and a push for “medical freedom,” the belief that individuals should make their own health decisions without government interference. The movement was fueled by Kennedy and the organization he founded, Children’s Health Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As mayor, Cutrano pushed for renter protections and environmental reforms — priorities that once defined Fairfax politics. “It used to be about stewardship, equity, protecting our ridgelines and the charm of our downtown,” Cutrano said. “Now it’s about opposition. Anti-vax, anti-DEI, anti-climate policy and anti-tenant protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the summer of 2023, a group of politically active locals published a death threat calling for Cutrano’s public lynching and an end to ‘\u003ca href=\"https://marinlocalnews.com/the-fairfax-revolt-against-woke-authoritarianism/\">woke authoritarianism\u003c/a>.’ He was not reelected in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fairfax is the kind of town where residents in yoga pants sip golden milk and debate detox protocols on the patio at Good Earth, the beloved organic grocery store that doubles as its unofficial town square. Residents pride themselves on living just outside San Francisco’s gravitational pull.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Many longtime locals still carry the ethos of the ’60s counterculture — Deadheads and old-school activists who never stopped questioning authority. They fought smart meters over concerns about electromagnetic radiation and continue to resist the rollout of 5G cellular networks, citing fears over constant exposure to higher frequency signals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, being “natural” isn’t just a health choice — it’s a worldview. The ground, presumably pesticide-free, was tilled and ready for Kennedy’s platform to take root.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regulars at public meetings accused us of knowingly harming people with vaccines,” said Matthew Willis, who served as Marin County’s public health officer throughout the pandemic. “They hung banners over Highway 101 calling for me to be locked up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, when supporters led a Kennedy float through the Fairfax Festival parade, Willis felt the need to hide his family as it passed by. “I wasn’t sure what would happen if they saw us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis retired at the end of the summer and is still grappling with how quickly the movement gained ground. “I didn’t see all the ways this group was tied to a much stronger national thread, or that the leader of that movement would be put in charge of our entire national health and science system,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996852\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996852\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-15-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Matt Willis, former Marin County Public Health Officer, poses for a portrait in San Anselmo on May 15, 2025. After serving as the county’s health official from 2013 to 2024, Willis retired in September 2024 and now focuses on climate health and public health communication initiatives. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As head of Health and Human Services, Kennedy has instilled his own ideology into federal policy. In his first months in office, he launched a controversial autism inquiry focused on environmental causes, cast doubt on bird flu vaccines, condemned the sale of ultra-processed food on Native American reservations as a form of genocide, proposed deep budget cuts to the Centers for Disease Control and National Institutes of Health and terminated thousands of federal health workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on Tuesday, Kennedy announced that the CDC would no longer recommend the COVID-19 vaccine for healthy children and pregnant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say his approach could weaken the institutions that prevent disease and respond to health emergencies. However, for supporters like Nathanial Lepp, a family physician and addiction specialist in Fairfax, Kennedy’s early actions are a long-overdue reckoning with the public health system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think he’s directionally correct,” Lepp, 40, said. “Even if he doesn’t always get the details right, he’s asking the question nobody else is asking: Why are we so sick?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lepp’s work experience shaped his worldview. During his residency at a safety-net hospital in Salinas, he had a front-row seat to the opioid crisis. He saw patients harmed not by a lack of care, but by the care itself — from overprescribed painkillers to long-term dependence on psychiatric medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One patient in his 60s arrived in the ER disoriented and unable to hold a conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996848\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996848\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-03-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small businesses, cafes, and independent shops line the streets of downtown Fairfax in Marin County on May 15, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone thought he had dementia,” Lepp said. When tests came back normal, doctors gradually weaned him off a benzodiazepine, a nervous system depressant commonly used to treat insomnia, anxiety and seizures. Over the next three months, the fog lifted. “His symptoms were gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lepp now works with patients to taper off medications that may be doing more harm than good. He said Kennedy is one of the few public figures willing to confront the uncomfortable possibility that medicine itself is part of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politically, Lepp long considered himself far-left — protesting the Iraq War and supporting progressive presidential candidates like Ralph Nader and Howard Dean. But over time, he grew disillusioned with a system he saw as more focused on preserving the status quo than delivering real reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Democrats consolidated around Joe Biden in 2020, sidelining Sen. Bernie Sanders, he felt his views confirmed. “They were terrible at governing and consistently blocked more populist voices,” Lepp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy, he claimed, is the first national figure in years who seems willing to question the system itself — not just “tinker around the edges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996849\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1996849\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-08-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martin Kaufman sits at a parklet in downtown Fairfax, Marin County, on May 15, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Martin Kaufman, a 41-year-old cannabis entrepreneur in Fairfax, doesn’t trust much anymore — not public health agencies, not politicians, not the media. He once leaned left, drawn to causes like cannabis legalization and environmental protection. He said his faith in the government gave way to deep cynicism. “I just look at what politicians actually accomplish,” he said. “Most of them? Nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his second COVID-19 shot, Kaufman said he developed symptoms consistent with cerebral encephalitis — severe headaches, brain fog and cognitive issues that lingered for months. During his recovery, a friend gave him a copy of Kennedy’s 2021 book, \u003cem>The Real Anthony Fauci\u003c/em>, which public health officials have widely criticized for promoting conspiracy theories, including claims that vaccines are tools of population control and that the pandemic was engineered to benefit pharmaceutical companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He wants to study vaccines in a way that hasn’t been allowed for decades,” Kaufman said. “Maybe we find out they’re totally safe. Maybe not. Either way, at least we’ll know. That alone is a public service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists argue that Kennedy’s push to “study vaccines” misrepresents the state of existing research. Dozens of large-scale studies found vaccines to be overwhelmingly safe and effective. Still, for some voters, Kennedy’s outsider stance makes him compelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of this stuff even mattered to me until RFK started talking about it,” said Zadie Dressler, a 56-year-old nurse in Petaluma, one of several North Bay cities where Kennedy’s message has caught on. “He’s asking why so many kids have asthma, autism and obesity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996851\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1996851 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/250515-CRUNCHYTOALTRIGHT-12-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local artist sells jewelry in front of Good Earth Natural Foods in Fairfax, Marin County, on May 15, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dressler said she received the first two COVID shots despite feeling hesitant. Months later, she experienced chest pain, tachycardia and fatigue, symptoms she now attributes to the vaccine. Around that time, Kennedy’s videos showed up in her social media feeds. “Everything he said — it felt like the truth,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of Kennedy’s supporters said the same thing — that they didn’t hear his ideas from doctors or the news, but through posts shared online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s not just talking — he’s living it,” Dressler said. “He wants to get to the root of the problem, not just throw more drugs at everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dressler’s sentiment has rippled out across the north bay. For a while, it was just a folding table, a stack of flyers and a few diehard volunteers at the Fairfax farmers market. But the message — medical freedom, skepticism of government, distrust in public health — caught on. A town once positioned outside the mainstream now feels oddly in step with a national zeitgeist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Fairfax thinks it’s unique,” Cutrano said. “The same story is playing out all across the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "‘Hottest Event of the Year’: Bay Area Braces for Elevated Heat — and High Tides, Too",
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"content": "\u003cp>After milder weather over \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12041463/memorial-day-weekend-weather-wont-feel-summer-much-bay-area\">Memorial Day weekend\u003c/a>, the Bay Area is forecast to see its hottest temperatures of the year later this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With highs pushing triple digits in the warmest parts of the region on Friday, National Weather Service meteorologists are encouraging residents to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1996980/californias-snowpack-shrinks-igniting-concerns-of-early-wildfires\">prepare for wildfire risk\u003c/a> and moderate to major heat risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters also warned of minor flooding risks along the bay shoreline on Tuesday night, due to high tides expected to peak at 6.88 feet around midnight. The flooding isn’t supposed to be as impactful as a king tide. Still, the perigean spring tides — due to the moon being in the new phase and closest to Earth — will bring “nuisance flooding with impacts mainly for the lowest lying locations,” according to the weather service’s \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?format=CI&glossary=1&issuedby=MTR&product=AFD&site=MTR&version=1\">daily forecast discussion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s “Embarcadero may experience a little bit of flooding and places in the North Bay along the San Pablo Bay,” said Roger Gass, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As temperatures begin to rise, the interior parts of the Bay Area will see moderate heat risk and localized areas across portions of the North Bay, the interior mountains, the East Bay hills and the interior Central Coast could see major heat risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994662\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994662\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1290\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-1536x991.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-1920x1238.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two women play in the water at Shadow Cliffs Regional Recreation Area in Pleasanton, California, on Aug. 17, 2015. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forecasters expect temperatures to peak on Friday, with interior valleys reaching the mid-90s to 106 degrees. It’s expected to reach 99 degrees in Concord and Livermore, and places like Cloverdale and Healdsburg could experience triple-digit heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re forecasting it to be the hottest event of the year currently, but if anything, we’ll likely be issuing advisories for the interior areas either later today or during the overnight shift,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will remain hot on Saturday with highs in the middle to upper 90s. Gass said the warm temperatures will also bring elevated fire weather concerns on Friday into Saturday, as daytime relative humidity will be in the low teens and only slightly rise overnight above 2,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Across the warmest areas, we urge people to take breaks during the hottest time of the day, make sure you have access to shady locations, and never leave pets or children in a car unattended,” Gass said.[aside postID=science_1996948 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/20250519_SICKPELICANS_GC-38-KQED-1020x680.jpg']If the marine layer compresses enough, Gass said San Francisco could also warm up. The service’s forecast discussion suggests that “a lack of stronger offshore flow will keep coastal areas in check. However, they`ll still be warm, but not in an impactful way with max temps in the upper 60s to mid-80s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the marine layer doesn’t keep us cool, we could see moderate risk extend into the city, but we’re still evaluating that,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources and UCLA, said the warm-up might be a preview of what could be a very hot summer statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last couple of days in May and the first couple of days in June look particularly hot, including in Northern California and the Bay Area, than they have so far this season,” Swain said during his semi-regular \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIZeJxLF36U\">YouTube office hours\u003c/a> on Friday. “The rest of California and the West and Southwest will be quite toasty as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said a hot summer, if it materializes, would exacerbate drought conditions across much of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The West is mostly in drought,” he said.”Most of these droughts are going to get worse before they get better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters are also paying attention to late next week when a low-pressure system, if it sets up, could bring isolated showers to the Sierra Nevada and Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of scenario could produce some lightning or even the potential for an isolated dry or thunderstorm or two if it were to come to fruition,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s “Embarcadero may experience a little bit of flooding and places in the North Bay along the San Pablo Bay,” said Roger Gass, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As temperatures begin to rise, the interior parts of the Bay Area will see moderate heat risk and localized areas across portions of the North Bay, the interior mountains, the East Bay hills and the interior Central Coast could see major heat risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994662\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994662\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1290\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-1536x991.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/CaliforniaHeatWaveAP-1920x1238.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two women play in the water at Shadow Cliffs Regional Recreation Area in Pleasanton, California, on Aug. 17, 2015. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forecasters expect temperatures to peak on Friday, with interior valleys reaching the mid-90s to 106 degrees. It’s expected to reach 99 degrees in Concord and Livermore, and places like Cloverdale and Healdsburg could experience triple-digit heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re forecasting it to be the hottest event of the year currently, but if anything, we’ll likely be issuing advisories for the interior areas either later today or during the overnight shift,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will remain hot on Saturday with highs in the middle to upper 90s. Gass said the warm temperatures will also bring elevated fire weather concerns on Friday into Saturday, as daytime relative humidity will be in the low teens and only slightly rise overnight above 2,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Across the warmest areas, we urge people to take breaks during the hottest time of the day, make sure you have access to shady locations, and never leave pets or children in a car unattended,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If the marine layer compresses enough, Gass said San Francisco could also warm up. The service’s forecast discussion suggests that “a lack of stronger offshore flow will keep coastal areas in check. However, they`ll still be warm, but not in an impactful way with max temps in the upper 60s to mid-80s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the marine layer doesn’t keep us cool, we could see moderate risk extend into the city, but we’re still evaluating that,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources and UCLA, said the warm-up might be a preview of what could be a very hot summer statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last couple of days in May and the first couple of days in June look particularly hot, including in Northern California and the Bay Area, than they have so far this season,” Swain said during his semi-regular \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIZeJxLF36U\">YouTube office hours\u003c/a> on Friday. “The rest of California and the West and Southwest will be quite toasty as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said a hot summer, if it materializes, would exacerbate drought conditions across much of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The West is mostly in drought,” he said.”Most of these droughts are going to get worse before they get better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters are also paying attention to late next week when a low-pressure system, if it sets up, could bring isolated showers to the Sierra Nevada and Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of scenario could produce some lightning or even the potential for an isolated dry or thunderstorm or two if it were to come to fruition,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 3:15 p.m. Thursday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gov. Gavin Newsom and Attorney General Rob Bonta said they will sue the federal government after Congress moved to revoke its electric vehicle mandate and two other clean air act rules Thursday. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The move, led by Senate Republicans, attempted to block California from regulating the pollution that comes from cars, trucks and buses, and roll back the state’s long-standing authority to set higher air quality standards than the nation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Our lawsuit will be about ensuring California can enforce its state laws,” said Bonta at a press event, adding that through the years, the allowances granted by the Environmental Protection Agency, called waivers, have lowered harmful emissions and improved public health. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s better for our people, it’s better for our planet. This attack on these waivers will put more Californians’ lives at risk, undermine the clean vehicle industry, and stifle innovation and job creation, including in the electric vehicle sector,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s rules would \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12039494/senate-weighs-repeal-of-california-clean-air-rules-raising-stakes-for-ev-market-and-public-health\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ban the sale of new gas cars in the state\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> starting in 2035, reduce pollution from heavy duty trucks and buses and require truck makers to start selling more electric vehicles. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Newsom said the decision to overturn the state’s waivers will benefit other countries who are pursuing a clean energy economy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“China is celebrating. This was a day that marks a moment of acceleration and their capacity to dominate in the next big global industry,” he said, referring to the electric vehicle market. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have real-world evidence that these rules are improving public health,” said Dr. John Balmes, a longtime member of the California Air Resources Board. Balmes pointed to studies showing reductions in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://today.usc.edu/electric-vehicles-already-improving-health-and-air-quality-study-shows/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">asthma-related emergency room visits\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in zip codes with higher infiltration of electric vehicles, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/electric-vehicles-improve-air-quality-less-impact-polluted-areas\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reductions in pollutants\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as use of zero-emission vehicles rose. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“These studies and others show that our clean car and truck rules bring necessary co-benefits, reduced asthma attacks in children and younger adults, and reduced deaths in older adults, as well as reduced greenhouse gas emissions,” Balmes said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The majority of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/ghg-inventory-graphs\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> planet-warming emissions come from transportation, and the same is true \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">nationwide\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12040286 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250203_MartinezRefineryFolo_GC-26_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California has regulated its own vehicle pollution since the 1960s, before the Clean Air Act was signed into law in 1970. Due to the state’s historically horrendous air pollution, the federal government granted California the authority to set its own emissions standards, as long as they were stricter than federal rules. Those rules would then require approval from the EPA through waivers for final approval.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Republicans sidestepped the filibuster by using a little-known tool called the Congressional Review Act to revoke the waivers. Both the Senate parliamentarian, essentially the chamber’s referee, and the Government Accountability Office, an independent agency overseeing the government, said using this procedure to rule on California’s rules was not allowed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Democrats like California’s Sen. Adam Schiff objected, calling the move a “nuclear option,” and saying that going down this road was a slippery slope.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Because what we have at stake is also a state’s ability, it’s right to make its own laws,” Schiff said. “And to protect its own citizens without having this body overturn that right.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmentalists and scientists were defiant upon hearing the news, which some said did not come as a surprise. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“While this is a big setback, we’re not out for the count,” said Adrian Martinez, an attorney with EarthJustice. “We still have many options to clean up this pollution and we need to pursue them immediately at the state and local level.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Martinez said the state could use its authority under the California Air Resources Board to write new rules for cars and trucks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brian Maas of the California New Car Dealers Association, which represents franchise dealerships of new cars and trucks across the state, welcomed the opportunity to “recalibrate the state’s approach.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“California needs a durable, market-aligned electric vehicle policy that reflects consumer demand, infrastructure availability, and affordability,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Gov. Gavin Newsom and Attorney General Rob Bonta said they would sue after Republicans in the U.S. Senate voted to revoke California’s authority to regulate pollution from cars, trucks and buses.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 3:15 p.m. Thursday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gov. Gavin Newsom and Attorney General Rob Bonta said they will sue the federal government after Congress moved to revoke its electric vehicle mandate and two other clean air act rules Thursday. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The move, led by Senate Republicans, attempted to block California from regulating the pollution that comes from cars, trucks and buses, and roll back the state’s long-standing authority to set higher air quality standards than the nation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Our lawsuit will be about ensuring California can enforce its state laws,” said Bonta at a press event, adding that through the years, the allowances granted by the Environmental Protection Agency, called waivers, have lowered harmful emissions and improved public health. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s better for our people, it’s better for our planet. This attack on these waivers will put more Californians’ lives at risk, undermine the clean vehicle industry, and stifle innovation and job creation, including in the electric vehicle sector,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s rules would \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12039494/senate-weighs-repeal-of-california-clean-air-rules-raising-stakes-for-ev-market-and-public-health\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ban the sale of new gas cars in the state\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> starting in 2035, reduce pollution from heavy duty trucks and buses and require truck makers to start selling more electric vehicles. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Newsom said the decision to overturn the state’s waivers will benefit other countries who are pursuing a clean energy economy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“China is celebrating. This was a day that marks a moment of acceleration and their capacity to dominate in the next big global industry,” he said, referring to the electric vehicle market. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have real-world evidence that these rules are improving public health,” said Dr. John Balmes, a longtime member of the California Air Resources Board. Balmes pointed to studies showing reductions in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://today.usc.edu/electric-vehicles-already-improving-health-and-air-quality-study-shows/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">asthma-related emergency room visits\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in zip codes with higher infiltration of electric vehicles, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/electric-vehicles-improve-air-quality-less-impact-polluted-areas\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reductions in pollutants\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as use of zero-emission vehicles rose. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“These studies and others show that our clean car and truck rules bring necessary co-benefits, reduced asthma attacks in children and younger adults, and reduced deaths in older adults, as well as reduced greenhouse gas emissions,” Balmes said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The majority of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/ghg-inventory-graphs\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> planet-warming emissions come from transportation, and the same is true \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">nationwide\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California has regulated its own vehicle pollution since the 1960s, before the Clean Air Act was signed into law in 1970. Due to the state’s historically horrendous air pollution, the federal government granted California the authority to set its own emissions standards, as long as they were stricter than federal rules. Those rules would then require approval from the EPA through waivers for final approval.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Republicans sidestepped the filibuster by using a little-known tool called the Congressional Review Act to revoke the waivers. Both the Senate parliamentarian, essentially the chamber’s referee, and the Government Accountability Office, an independent agency overseeing the government, said using this procedure to rule on California’s rules was not allowed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Democrats like California’s Sen. Adam Schiff objected, calling the move a “nuclear option,” and saying that going down this road was a slippery slope.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Because what we have at stake is also a state’s ability, it’s right to make its own laws,” Schiff said. “And to protect its own citizens without having this body overturn that right.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmentalists and scientists were defiant upon hearing the news, which some said did not come as a surprise. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“While this is a big setback, we’re not out for the count,” said Adrian Martinez, an attorney with EarthJustice. “We still have many options to clean up this pollution and we need to pursue them immediately at the state and local level.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Martinez said the state could use its authority under the California Air Resources Board to write new rules for cars and trucks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brian Maas of the California New Car Dealers Association, which represents franchise dealerships of new cars and trucks across the state, welcomed the opportunity to “recalibrate the state’s approach.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“California needs a durable, market-aligned electric vehicle policy that reflects consumer demand, infrastructure availability, and affordability,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:40 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time in over 50 years, emergency room doctors will have a new framework to assess people with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/445528/ucsf-study-probes-long-term-effects-of-head-trauma-and-not-just-in-football\">head injuries\u003c/a> from car or bike crashes, falls and assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Existing assessment protocols for traumatic brain injury rely on broad, vague measures that filter patients into three categories based on their symptoms: mild, moderate and severe. Doctors hope the new classification system, published Tuesday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(25)00154-1/fulltext\">The Lancet Neurology\u003c/a>, will bring more detail to diagnosis and more nuance to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patients labeled as ‘mild’ TBI were told they could go back to work in a couple days. Six weeks later, they’ve got pounding headaches, problems with their visual system, they’re not sleeping well. There’s nothing mild about that,” said Dr. Geoff Manley, professor of neurosurgery at UCSF and lead author of the new framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the other hand, there are patients that were diagnosed with ‘severe’ TBI leading full lives, whose families had to consider removing life-sustaining treatment,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people have a 50% chance of experiencing a traumatic brain injury in their lifetime, Manley said. About 40% of those diagnosed with mild injury, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/437552/just-because-you-have-a-mild-concussion-doesnt-mean-youre-ok\">concussion\u003c/a>, never see a doctor, and about half diagnosed with severe injury are withdrawn from ventilators and allowed to die — a decision made, on average, after three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same day Scott Hamilton crashed his Vespa on Market Street in San Francisco and slid 60 feet into the curb, doctors at San Francisco General Hospital recommended disconnecting his life support machines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told my wife: ‘He’s got a 1 in 10 chance of ever coming out of his coma, and if he does, he’s got a 1 in 20 chance of your thinking that was a good idea. He’s unlikely to live the night and I think you will consider that a blessing,’” Hamilton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1996936 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new classification system, developed by a coalition of 94 experts and patients across 14 countries, aims to improve brain injury assessment through a four-part framework: clinical evaluations, advanced imaging, blood tests and consideration of key demographic factors. \u003ccite>(Tom Werner/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Manley saw it differently and insisted his bosses give Hamilton more time. He made a full recovery. Twenty years later he’s married, working full time, and raising two teenage daughters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I lose a lot of sleep at night wondering if I’m doing the right thing,” Manley said. “We certainly don’t want to create someone with profound disability long-term, but we have to give people time to recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new classification system, developed by a coalition of 94 experts and patients across 14 countries, is intended to make those decisions easier by making assessments more objective, detailed and precise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new framework is made up of four pillars: an expanded clinical evaluation; new blood tests; CT and MRI scans; and a review of demographic factors known to affect recovery times, like age, sex, family support, and a history of previous head injuries or mental health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical assessments under the new system require doctors to be more exacting when scoring eye, verbal and motor function and to use new tools to measure pupil function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New biomarker blood tests, developed by the military, help identify tissue damage and determine which patients need imaging and which can be spared the cost and radiation exposure of an unnecessary scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where indicated, CT and MRI scans can reveal bleeding, blood clots or fractures that require surgery. Or they could show that a patient is doing better than their clinical presentation alone would indicate, as was the case for Hamilton. [aside postID=science_1996818 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/03/250325-AIVOICEBANK-09-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']The final pillar requires taking an extensive medical and social history of the patient to look for factors likely to affect recovery time. People who are older, women and those with a history of concussions, headaches or mental health problems usually take longer to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t ask about these elements, you may miss an opportunity to offer a more realistic prognosis to the patient,” said Dr. Cathra Halabi, director of UCSF’s Neurorecovery Clinic, which includes a program focused on people in the first six months after a traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new TBI assessment framework is geared primarily toward physicians treating people in acute settings within the first 24 hours of an injury, Halabi said it extends naturally to clinicians like her who see people longer term in an outpatient setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More detailed assessments will help doctors better determine who needs urgent care and who doesn’t, who needs follow-up care and who doesn’t. They also have the potential to improve clinical trials, bringing more precision to patient selection and a better likelihood of discovering new effective treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current system, Halabi frequently receives patient charts from the ER that say, “Bicycle accident, mild TBI.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She expects the new classification will yield a thorough diagnostic description along the lines of: “Thirty-year-old woman, helmeted bicycle accident, blunt head injury, brief loss of consciousness, peritraumatic amnesia. CT scan negative for bleeding. Experiencing double vision, emotional dysregulation. History of migraines and depression.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The additional data will inform Halabi on how to properly care for this patient from the moment she comes into her clinic, and to be on the lookout for lingering and emerging symptoms like sleep impairments or endocrine dysfunction that could complicate healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen all sorts of bicycle accidents with mild TBI, and every single person is different,” she said. “Unless you really ask and probe a bit more deeply on the other side of the acute phase, you may miss an opportunity to find an element of the case that’s going to help make that person recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:40 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time in over 50 years, emergency room doctors will have a new framework to assess people with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/445528/ucsf-study-probes-long-term-effects-of-head-trauma-and-not-just-in-football\">head injuries\u003c/a> from car or bike crashes, falls and assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Existing assessment protocols for traumatic brain injury rely on broad, vague measures that filter patients into three categories based on their symptoms: mild, moderate and severe. Doctors hope the new classification system, published Tuesday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(25)00154-1/fulltext\">The Lancet Neurology\u003c/a>, will bring more detail to diagnosis and more nuance to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patients labeled as ‘mild’ TBI were told they could go back to work in a couple days. Six weeks later, they’ve got pounding headaches, problems with their visual system, they’re not sleeping well. There’s nothing mild about that,” said Dr. Geoff Manley, professor of neurosurgery at UCSF and lead author of the new framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the other hand, there are patients that were diagnosed with ‘severe’ TBI leading full lives, whose families had to consider removing life-sustaining treatment,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people have a 50% chance of experiencing a traumatic brain injury in their lifetime, Manley said. About 40% of those diagnosed with mild injury, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/437552/just-because-you-have-a-mild-concussion-doesnt-mean-youre-ok\">concussion\u003c/a>, never see a doctor, and about half diagnosed with severe injury are withdrawn from ventilators and allowed to die — a decision made, on average, after three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same day Scott Hamilton crashed his Vespa on Market Street in San Francisco and slid 60 feet into the curb, doctors at San Francisco General Hospital recommended disconnecting his life support machines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told my wife: ‘He’s got a 1 in 10 chance of ever coming out of his coma, and if he does, he’s got a 1 in 20 chance of your thinking that was a good idea. He’s unlikely to live the night and I think you will consider that a blessing,’” Hamilton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1996936 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/BrainMRIGetty2-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new classification system, developed by a coalition of 94 experts and patients across 14 countries, aims to improve brain injury assessment through a four-part framework: clinical evaluations, advanced imaging, blood tests and consideration of key demographic factors. \u003ccite>(Tom Werner/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Manley saw it differently and insisted his bosses give Hamilton more time. He made a full recovery. Twenty years later he’s married, working full time, and raising two teenage daughters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I lose a lot of sleep at night wondering if I’m doing the right thing,” Manley said. “We certainly don’t want to create someone with profound disability long-term, but we have to give people time to recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new classification system, developed by a coalition of 94 experts and patients across 14 countries, is intended to make those decisions easier by making assessments more objective, detailed and precise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new framework is made up of four pillars: an expanded clinical evaluation; new blood tests; CT and MRI scans; and a review of demographic factors known to affect recovery times, like age, sex, family support, and a history of previous head injuries or mental health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical assessments under the new system require doctors to be more exacting when scoring eye, verbal and motor function and to use new tools to measure pupil function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New biomarker blood tests, developed by the military, help identify tissue damage and determine which patients need imaging and which can be spared the cost and radiation exposure of an unnecessary scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where indicated, CT and MRI scans can reveal bleeding, blood clots or fractures that require surgery. Or they could show that a patient is doing better than their clinical presentation alone would indicate, as was the case for Hamilton. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The final pillar requires taking an extensive medical and social history of the patient to look for factors likely to affect recovery time. People who are older, women and those with a history of concussions, headaches or mental health problems usually take longer to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t ask about these elements, you may miss an opportunity to offer a more realistic prognosis to the patient,” said Dr. Cathra Halabi, director of UCSF’s Neurorecovery Clinic, which includes a program focused on people in the first six months after a traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new TBI assessment framework is geared primarily toward physicians treating people in acute settings within the first 24 hours of an injury, Halabi said it extends naturally to clinicians like her who see people longer term in an outpatient setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More detailed assessments will help doctors better determine who needs urgent care and who doesn’t, who needs follow-up care and who doesn’t. They also have the potential to improve clinical trials, bringing more precision to patient selection and a better likelihood of discovering new effective treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current system, Halabi frequently receives patient charts from the ER that say, “Bicycle accident, mild TBI.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She expects the new classification will yield a thorough diagnostic description along the lines of: “Thirty-year-old woman, helmeted bicycle accident, blunt head injury, brief loss of consciousness, peritraumatic amnesia. CT scan negative for bleeding. Experiencing double vision, emotional dysregulation. History of migraines and depression.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The additional data will inform Halabi on how to properly care for this patient from the moment she comes into her clinic, and to be on the lookout for lingering and emerging symptoms like sleep impairments or endocrine dysfunction that could complicate healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen all sorts of bicycle accidents with mild TBI, and every single person is different,” she said. “Unless you really ask and probe a bit more deeply on the other side of the acute phase, you may miss an opportunity to find an element of the case that’s going to help make that person recover.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "californias-snowpack-shrinks-igniting-concerns-of-early-wildfires",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033983/late-storms-boost-californias-snowpack-hitting-a-3-year-streak-not-seen-in-decades\">snowpack is dwindling\u003c/a>, and climate scientists believe another record-breaking hot summer could be in the cards, ramping up the possibility of an early fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s snowpack is at \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">14% of average\u003c/a> peak snowpack, down from 96% on April 1 — the date snow scientists consider the height of the snowpack, according to the state. The snowpack is melting a little faster than usual, but state scientists said the rate of snowmelt isn’t entirely abnormal. However, climate scientists believe early snowmelt this year could be partly due to human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andy Reising, manager of the California Department of Water Resources’ snow surveys and water supply forecasting unit, said it’s important to understand that snow is not melting uniformly across all watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With three years of around average snowfall, Reising isn’t worried about water supplies with state reservoirs at \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">116% of normal\u003c/a> for this time of year. River forecasts in the north end of the Sierra Nevada are about 100% of normal, although that story changes further south along the range and into the mountains of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what he’s concerned about is that the faster rates of snowmelt — especially in the south — could exacerbate wildfire danger in this region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The south had a really lousy year, and the mountains are super dry,” Reising said. “That’s why we had the fires back in January. The southern part of the state, where we don’t have snow, is a really, really high-risk area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996985\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2005px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1996985 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2005\" height=\"1159\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025.jpg 2005w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-1536x888.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-1920x1110.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2005px) 100vw, 2005px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s snowpack has plummeted to just 14% of its average peak, down from 96% on April 1. Scientists say the faster-than-usual melt may be linked to human-caused climate change — raising concerns of an early fire season amid predictions of another record-hot summer. \u003ccite>(NASA satellite image)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roger Bales, a hydrology and water resources engineering professor at UC Merced and UC Berkeley, said snow melting between April and June is normal. Still, when looking at the snow cover from an aerial view, he said it’s clear that the snowpack is getting thinner. He sees faster rates melt across all parts of the Sierra Nevada, but they are more pronounced in the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When looking at state historical data, Bales said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada this year is visually and strikingly low compared to the 30-year average.[aside postID=news_12040286 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250203_MartinezRefineryFolo_GC-26_qed-1020x680.jpg']“You can see the difference in the data,” Bales said. “As you warm the climate by each degree Fahrenheit, the snowline goes up about 250 feet in average long-term warming. But that doesn’t mean we won’t have snow at high elevations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, despite year-to-year variability, Bales said he sees California struggling to maintain a healthy snowpack as the snowline moves higher and the snowpack eventually gets smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means droughts and wildfire risk could increase over time as the world continues to burn fossil fuels, causing human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Faster melt rates are caused by a warmer climate,” Bales said. “It’s not good for wildfire risk, and soils are going to dry out faster about a month after the snow melts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, over the next few months, the more harmful issue isn’t just about faster snowmelt. UC Merced climatology professor John Abatzoglou worries that a hotter-than-normal summer will follow the speedier snowmelt rate. Last summer was the world’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994538/3-bay-area-cities-had-hottest-summer-in-history-as-climate-change-pushes-temps-up\">hottest on record\u003c/a>. The same goes for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The combination of a little earlier-than-normal melt out of our snowpack, along with what is likely going to be another warm summer, is sort of shifting the odds for elevated fire potential across the state,” Abatzoglou said. “Over the past 50 years, summer has taken the medal in terms of the fastest warming season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033983/late-storms-boost-californias-snowpack-hitting-a-3-year-streak-not-seen-in-decades\">snowpack is dwindling\u003c/a>, and climate scientists believe another record-breaking hot summer could be in the cards, ramping up the possibility of an early fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s snowpack is at \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">14% of average\u003c/a> peak snowpack, down from 96% on April 1 — the date snow scientists consider the height of the snowpack, according to the state. The snowpack is melting a little faster than usual, but state scientists said the rate of snowmelt isn’t entirely abnormal. However, climate scientists believe early snowmelt this year could be partly due to human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andy Reising, manager of the California Department of Water Resources’ snow surveys and water supply forecasting unit, said it’s important to understand that snow is not melting uniformly across all watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With three years of around average snowfall, Reising isn’t worried about water supplies with state reservoirs at \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">116% of normal\u003c/a> for this time of year. River forecasts in the north end of the Sierra Nevada are about 100% of normal, although that story changes further south along the range and into the mountains of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what he’s concerned about is that the faster rates of snowmelt — especially in the south — could exacerbate wildfire danger in this region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The south had a really lousy year, and the mountains are super dry,” Reising said. “That’s why we had the fires back in January. The southern part of the state, where we don’t have snow, is a really, really high-risk area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1996985\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2005px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1996985 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2005\" height=\"1159\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025.jpg 2005w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-1536x888.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/05/SnowpackMay2025-1920x1110.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2005px) 100vw, 2005px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s snowpack has plummeted to just 14% of its average peak, down from 96% on April 1. Scientists say the faster-than-usual melt may be linked to human-caused climate change — raising concerns of an early fire season amid predictions of another record-hot summer. \u003ccite>(NASA satellite image)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roger Bales, a hydrology and water resources engineering professor at UC Merced and UC Berkeley, said snow melting between April and June is normal. Still, when looking at the snow cover from an aerial view, he said it’s clear that the snowpack is getting thinner. He sees faster rates melt across all parts of the Sierra Nevada, but they are more pronounced in the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When looking at state historical data, Bales said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada this year is visually and strikingly low compared to the 30-year average.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You can see the difference in the data,” Bales said. “As you warm the climate by each degree Fahrenheit, the snowline goes up about 250 feet in average long-term warming. But that doesn’t mean we won’t have snow at high elevations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, despite year-to-year variability, Bales said he sees California struggling to maintain a healthy snowpack as the snowline moves higher and the snowpack eventually gets smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means droughts and wildfire risk could increase over time as the world continues to burn fossil fuels, causing human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Faster melt rates are caused by a warmer climate,” Bales said. “It’s not good for wildfire risk, and soils are going to dry out faster about a month after the snow melts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, over the next few months, the more harmful issue isn’t just about faster snowmelt. UC Merced climatology professor John Abatzoglou worries that a hotter-than-normal summer will follow the speedier snowmelt rate. Last summer was the world’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994538/3-bay-area-cities-had-hottest-summer-in-history-as-climate-change-pushes-temps-up\">hottest on record\u003c/a>. The same goes for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The combination of a little earlier-than-normal melt out of our snowpack, along with what is likely going to be another warm summer, is sort of shifting the odds for elevated fire potential across the state,” Abatzoglou said. “Over the past 50 years, summer has taken the medal in terms of the fastest warming season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
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