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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Danielle Hairston grew up in a family that included many role models of what she refers to as Black excellence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had the example of a Black woman pediatrician, so it never occurred to me I couldn’t become a doctor,” said Hairston, who is now the psychiatry residency director at Howard University, where she herself now trains and mentors young Black doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, she says, she and her Black colleagues are routinely questioned in the hospitals and clinics where they work about their rightful place in the halls of medicine. They’re questioned entering the physicians’ lounge; in the elevator, one woman accosted Hairston: “Oh, my God, you’re a doctor? You? You?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of her white colleagues mistook her for a patient’s caregiver. “I don’t even necessarily think that he’s racist,” Hairston says. “It’s just that that’s the bias.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Americans make up\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219\"> more than 13% of the U.S. population\u003c/a>, yet \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/figure-18-percentage-all-active-physicians-race/ethnicity-2018\">only 5% of physicians are black\u003c/a>. That lack of representation isn’t just a problem within medicine, Hairston notes, but it perpetuates a sense that medical and mental health care is not of — or for — the Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As institutions everywhere confront the impacts of racism and inequity in their systems, medicine is not immune. Lack of access to health care isn’t just a problem for Black patients, who continue to face economic, social, and cultural barriers. The gaps are evident in the profession itself. Black physicians remain in a disproportionately small minority. And many African-American doctors say that’s because medical training itself alienates them, perpetuating those gaps which, in turn, affects the care patients receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re ignoring this part of their experience, if you’re not understanding the impact of being Black on them in this country and on their mental health, you’re doing a disservice to them,” says Hairston. “And I don’t know how you can treat them effectively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem — and the potential solution — lies in the pipeline of young talent coming through the U.S. system of medical training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/about-apa/meet-our-organization/board-of-trustees/altha-stewart\">Altha Stewart\u003c/a>, who became the first Black president of the American Psychiatric Association, says she considered herself lucky to have Black mentors during her residency training in the late 1970s. They not only helped shepherd her, she says, they taught her about the needs of the African-American community, and how the stress of racism affects both physical and mental health. But such peer support remains rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know residents who don’t have that even today, in 2020,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical training felt profoundly lonely and isolating for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cq__md\">Dr. Anthony Chin-Quee\u003c/a>, a Black ear, nose and throat surgeon who finished his training in Detroit four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of Black men in medicine is very, very small; the number of Black men in surgery is orders of magnitude smaller, and the number of Black men in specialized surgeries like ENT is tiny, tiny,” said Chin-Quee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin-Quee says mistreatment came shrouded in subtlety; in fact, for years, he didn’t even suspect racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wouldn’t say that ‘Tony’s lazy’ to my face; they would say, ‘Tony’s not efficient,” he said, in spite of the fact Chin-Quee’s work and hours matched his white counterparts. He responded by working harder. Already stressed and sleep-deprived, he showed up to shifts earlier, or stayed later. When the criticisms persisted, making Chin-Quee question his sanity, he fell into a major depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the danger of this whole profession, and being Black in this profession,” he said. Racism is hard to identify. “Because it’s so silent and because it’s so invisible, you just think you’re going crazy for thinking it, because you can’t prove it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chin-Quee’s struggles became an open secret. The only other Black physician turned a blind eye, Chin-Quee says, which made things worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped to bolster this idea that what was happening to me had nothing to do with race because I was thinking to myself, if it did, this Black doctor would reach out and let me know,” he says. “But he didn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin-Quee gritted out the training and his depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it was only last year, actually, that I sat down with my colleague — who went through residency alongside me and brought it up to me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over that dinner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/bio/s/matthew-smith\">Dr. Matt Smith\u003c/a> told Chin-Quee some of their non-Black supervisors had made repeated comments during their residency that Smith took to be racist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While nothing was overtly said as an inflammatory comment, I would say that there are those kind of biting remarks that lead to microaggressions and build up over time,” said Smith, who is white and now a pediatric ear, nose and throat surgeon in Cincinnati. The comments were undeserved, Smith says. “He is one of the smartest people I’ve ever met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During their residency, Smith says, he objected to the comments directly to the supervisors — but said nothing about that to Chin-Quee. “I thought, if he didn’t know those things were being said, then it wouldn’t affect him necessarily directly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Smith is an outspoken advocate for social justice with the medical students he supervises, as an assistant professor in pediatric otolaryngology at the University of Cincinnati. He’s also starting a mentor program for minority schoolchildren, hoping to get them into medicine. “Until there are changes made in the pipeline, all you’re going to get is what you put into the system,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His friend Chin-Quee agrees, and notes that increasing the number of Black doctors in every medical specialty is important for Black patients, as well as for the doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having someone who cares for your health, who understands and has lived through the struggles personally and culturally that you’ve experienced is super, super super important,” Chin-Quee says. It’s part of the systemic change needed, he says, to bridge some of the long-standing racial gaps in medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Be+Young%2C+A+Doctor+And+Black%3A+Overcoming+Racial+Barriers+In+Medical+Training&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Danielle Hairston grew up in a family that included many role models of what she refers to as Black excellence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had the example of a Black woman pediatrician, so it never occurred to me I couldn’t become a doctor,” said Hairston, who is now the psychiatry residency director at Howard University, where she herself now trains and mentors young Black doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, she says, she and her Black colleagues are routinely questioned in the hospitals and clinics where they work about their rightful place in the halls of medicine. They’re questioned entering the physicians’ lounge; in the elevator, one woman accosted Hairston: “Oh, my God, you’re a doctor? You? You?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of her white colleagues mistook her for a patient’s caregiver. “I don’t even necessarily think that he’s racist,” Hairston says. “It’s just that that’s the bias.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Americans make up\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219\"> more than 13% of the U.S. population\u003c/a>, yet \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/figure-18-percentage-all-active-physicians-race/ethnicity-2018\">only 5% of physicians are black\u003c/a>. That lack of representation isn’t just a problem within medicine, Hairston notes, but it perpetuates a sense that medical and mental health care is not of — or for — the Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As institutions everywhere confront the impacts of racism and inequity in their systems, medicine is not immune. Lack of access to health care isn’t just a problem for Black patients, who continue to face economic, social, and cultural barriers. The gaps are evident in the profession itself. Black physicians remain in a disproportionately small minority. And many African-American doctors say that’s because medical training itself alienates them, perpetuating those gaps which, in turn, affects the care patients receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re ignoring this part of their experience, if you’re not understanding the impact of being Black on them in this country and on their mental health, you’re doing a disservice to them,” says Hairston. “And I don’t know how you can treat them effectively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem — and the potential solution — lies in the pipeline of young talent coming through the U.S. system of medical training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/about-apa/meet-our-organization/board-of-trustees/altha-stewart\">Altha Stewart\u003c/a>, who became the first Black president of the American Psychiatric Association, says she considered herself lucky to have Black mentors during her residency training in the late 1970s. They not only helped shepherd her, she says, they taught her about the needs of the African-American community, and how the stress of racism affects both physical and mental health. But such peer support remains rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know residents who don’t have that even today, in 2020,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical training felt profoundly lonely and isolating for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cq__md\">Dr. Anthony Chin-Quee\u003c/a>, a Black ear, nose and throat surgeon who finished his training in Detroit four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of Black men in medicine is very, very small; the number of Black men in surgery is orders of magnitude smaller, and the number of Black men in specialized surgeries like ENT is tiny, tiny,” said Chin-Quee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin-Quee says mistreatment came shrouded in subtlety; in fact, for years, he didn’t even suspect racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wouldn’t say that ‘Tony’s lazy’ to my face; they would say, ‘Tony’s not efficient,” he said, in spite of the fact Chin-Quee’s work and hours matched his white counterparts. He responded by working harder. Already stressed and sleep-deprived, he showed up to shifts earlier, or stayed later. When the criticisms persisted, making Chin-Quee question his sanity, he fell into a major depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the danger of this whole profession, and being Black in this profession,” he said. Racism is hard to identify. “Because it’s so silent and because it’s so invisible, you just think you’re going crazy for thinking it, because you can’t prove it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chin-Quee’s struggles became an open secret. The only other Black physician turned a blind eye, Chin-Quee says, which made things worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped to bolster this idea that what was happening to me had nothing to do with race because I was thinking to myself, if it did, this Black doctor would reach out and let me know,” he says. “But he didn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin-Quee gritted out the training and his depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it was only last year, actually, that I sat down with my colleague — who went through residency alongside me and brought it up to me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over that dinner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/bio/s/matthew-smith\">Dr. Matt Smith\u003c/a> told Chin-Quee some of their non-Black supervisors had made repeated comments during their residency that Smith took to be racist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While nothing was overtly said as an inflammatory comment, I would say that there are those kind of biting remarks that lead to microaggressions and build up over time,” said Smith, who is white and now a pediatric ear, nose and throat surgeon in Cincinnati. The comments were undeserved, Smith says. “He is one of the smartest people I’ve ever met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During their residency, Smith says, he objected to the comments directly to the supervisors — but said nothing about that to Chin-Quee. “I thought, if he didn’t know those things were being said, then it wouldn’t affect him necessarily directly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Smith is an outspoken advocate for social justice with the medical students he supervises, as an assistant professor in pediatric otolaryngology at the University of Cincinnati. He’s also starting a mentor program for minority schoolchildren, hoping to get them into medicine. “Until there are changes made in the pipeline, all you’re going to get is what you put into the system,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His friend Chin-Quee agrees, and notes that increasing the number of Black doctors in every medical specialty is important for Black patients, as well as for the doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having someone who cares for your health, who understands and has lived through the struggles personally and culturally that you’ve experienced is super, super super important,” Chin-Quee says. It’s part of the systemic change needed, he says, to bridge some of the long-standing racial gaps in medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Be+Young%2C+A+Doctor+And+Black%3A+Overcoming+Racial+Barriers+In+Medical+Training&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "For HIV Survivors, Pandemic Is Sad Reminder of Early Days of AIDS",
"headTitle": "For HIV Survivors, Pandemic Is Sad Reminder of Early Days of AIDS | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">In January, two weeks after Rick Solomon joined the YMCA near his home, he fell ill. The 65-year-old Berkeley resident hoped to spend the month working out, instead he laid in bed wheezing, with crippling muscle aches. He missed several days of work at a small publishing house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">[pullquote size='medium' citation='Dr. Steven Deeks, UCSF']‘I am pretty sure that my patients, my older, primarily gay men who survived the ’80s and ’90s, were the first to effectively shelter in place because they know what a pandemic is.’[/pullquote]“I was sick for most of the month of February with a horrible cough like I’ve never had before,” said Solomon running his fingers through his thick salt and pepper hair. “It went into my chest. I used inhalers for the first time in my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He was never tested for COVID-19 because he hadn’t traveled overseas recently, which was one of the official requirements for testing at the time. And although he has since tested negative for the virus’ antibodies, Solomon still believes he may have caught the bug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The test the lab used was not FDA approved,” he said. “So who knows? It was just a different kind of cold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Solomon took the antibody test because he wanted to enroll in a study at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital looking at HIV-positive people infected with COVID-19. It’s a topic of special interest to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“COVID is going to have a major impact on the trajectory of the HIV epidemic,” said Dr. Steven Deeks, a UCSF professor of medicine and HIV researcher. “We just don’t know how.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 527px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1966721\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Steven Deeks is a recognized expert on HIV-associated immune dysfunction and its impact on HIV persistence (the “reservoir”) and health during antiretroviral therapy. \" width=\"527\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Steven Deeks is a recognized expert on HIV-associated immune dysfunction and its impact on HIV persistence (the “reservoir”) and health during antiretroviral therapy. \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Some answers may come to light this week at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aids2020.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">23rd International AIDS Conference.\u003c/span>\u003c/a> The event was scheduled to happen in San Francisco and Oakland until the coronavirus hit. Now scientists, policymakers, public health experts and patients from around the world will gather virtually. COVID-19 is a central topic on the agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Surprising Positive Trend\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Infectious disease doctors assumed people with HIV would be at higher risk for complications from the novel coronavirus due to a weakened immune system. Plus, the majority of HIV-positive people in the U.S. are older, and many struggle with underlying conditions like heart disease and diabetes, which make illness from COVID-19 infection more severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Early in the outbreak, four of Dr. Edward “Lalo” Cachay’s patients were hospitalized for complications with COVID-19. Cachay, a professor of medicine at UC San Diego, feared the worst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“You could potentially have a very dangerous combination of both biological and social determinants of health,” said Cachay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">HIV patients are not only immunocompromised, many also face psycho-social barriers like poor health insurance and mental illness. But not only did Cachay’s four patients experience good outcomes, this positive trend is playing out across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966724\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 438px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1966724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-800x833.jpg\" alt=\"Edward “Lalo” Cachay, a professor of medicine at UCSD., smiles in a university portrait. He has warm brown eyes behind brown glasses and a closely trimmed, salt-and-pepper beard and mustache.\" width=\"438\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-800x833.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-1020x1062.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-160x167.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-768x800.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341.jpg 1281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edward “Lalo” Cachay, a professor of medicine at UCSD. \u003ccite>(UCSD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“People with HIV are radically underrepresented in the different cohorts coming from Europe and China with very advanced, severe forms of COVID-19,” Cachay said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Two small studies from \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(20)30164-8/fulltext\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Spain\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(20)30164-8/fulltext\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Italy\u003c/span>\u003c/a> show that HIV-positive people infected with COVID-19 did not fare worse than those without HIV. Scientists are not sure why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>More Questions Than Answers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The bottom line is we have no idea,” said Deeks. “We have lots of interesting questions, lots of important questions, and lots of anecdotes. But at the end of day, we don’t have much data at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Cachay hopes a study he is involved in will offer concrete answers. He’s partnering with scientists at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington to answer some key questions: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">What factors might predict which HIV patients are most at risk? Do HIV patients who contract COVID-19 suffer severe illness? And are mortality rates higher in HIV patients who contract the novel\u003c/span> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">coronavirus? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“I hope this study will help us disentangle the data more,” said Cachay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Some experts theorize daily HIV meds might offer some protection against the coronavirus. Others wonder if the immune system of people with HIV is altered in a way that offers some resilience. Or, perhaps, experience helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I am pretty sure that my patients, my older, primarily gay men who survived the ’80s and ’90s, were the first to effectively shelter in place because they know what a pandemic is,” said Deeks. “They know how a virus can ravage a community. They know how important social distancing is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Dr. Michael Gottlieb, the UCLA HIV physician who identified the first cluster of HIV cases in 1981, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“They’ve survived one virus,” he said. “They don’t want to be nabbed by this one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Lessons Learned From One Pandemic Help Save Lives in Another\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">John Schumacher, a 63-year-old soft spoken gay male, is a case in point. Over the years, the long-term HIV survivor and community volunteer has faced many perilous moments with his health.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I’ve learned to err on the side of caution,” Schumacher said. “You know, to wear a condom if someone else wants to, wear gloves, to do what is safer or what seems safe, even if I may not agree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When the coronavirus started spreading, he started washing his hands diligently and wore a mask before it was widely recommended. He always carries hand sanitizer, and he says the same is true for his 31 housemates who are also HIV-positive. The group shares a community house in San Francisco. Fortunately no one has tested positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We think we had the training to do better in this pandemic,” said Jesus Guillen, of San Francisco. “We have experience at many of these things. We know how to push past barriers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For example, even though Guillen loves to socialize, he didn’t balk when officials announced the stay-at-home directive because he understands all too well what’s at stake. Over the years, the tall flamboyant Latino has lost many close friends, including his first American lover whom he met soon after crossing the Mexican border in 1984.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 546px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1966713\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Jesus Guillen snaps a selfie at Ocean Beach in San Francisco.\" width=\"546\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jesus Guillen snaps a selfie at Ocean Beach in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Jesus Guillen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“I was with just one person,” he sighs. “And sadly, he died one year later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>‘We Got The Real Social Distancing’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Today, the 60-year-old with spiky platinum hair and a turquoise earring is a proud activist in San Francisco. But when he first found out he was HIV-positive, he was a shy immigrant who didn’t tell anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“In those times, they were not allowing people who were HIV-positive to stay in this country,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But it was more than just fear of \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol31_2004/fall2004/irr_hr_fall04_persecution/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">deportation\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that silenced Guillen. In 1985, a Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-19-mn-30337-story.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">poll\u003c/span>\u003c/a> revealed a majority of Americans favored quarantining people with AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We got the social distancing through discrimination, through a stigma, through homophobia, through all those things, We got the real social distancing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the beginning of the coronavirus outbreak, memories from the ’80s flooded back. The Grand Princess cruise ship carrying passengers with COVID-19 was docking at the Port of Oakland, when Guillen overheard a conversation on a bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was a normal average person saying, ‘Why do they allow them to be right there in Oakland? They should be taking these people to an island.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“That took me back so much to the early ’80s with HIV.” Guillen winced. “People wanted to put us in cages or places completely separate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Hauntingly Similar \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Four decades ago, no one could have imagined AIDS would kill more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/hivaids/fact-sheet/the-hivaids-epidemic-in-the-united-states-the-basics/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">700,000\u003c/span>\u003c/a> people in America, and more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">32 million\u003c/span>\u003c/a> worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966715\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 721px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1966715 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-626934506-1-e1593659360168.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Michael Gottlieb attends The Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation World AIDS Day Event co-hosted by SAG-AFTRA at the at James Cagney Boardroom on November 30, 2016 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"721\" height=\"844\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-626934506-1-e1593659360168.jpg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-626934506-1-e1593659360168-160x187.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Michael Gottlieb attends The Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation World AIDS Day event co-hosted by SAG-AFTRA at the at James Cagney Boardroom on Nov. 30, 2016, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Jesse Grant/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I thought that the very first case might just be a one-off phenomenon,” said Dr. Michael Gottlieb, of UCLA. “We didn’t even know that AIDS was caused by a virus. We didn’t know that for two full years after the description of the first patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Scientists like Gottlieb struggled to access funding to study HIV. It took a couple of years before researchers understood how AIDS was transmitted. Fear plagued gay neighborhoods like the Castro. People worried a cough or a toilet seat might be a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“You’d go out in the street at night and no one would be there,” said Rick Solomon, a 65-year-old Berkeley resident who is enrolled in a COVID-19 study at San Francisco General. “And the bars were almost empty. People didn’t go out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Throughout the ’80s, Solomon kept a little notebook of names of people who died. The list grew to more than 200 people. He was not surprised when he tested positive in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Even though HIV and the new coronavirus are not similar in genome, transmission or mortality; the experience of living through two plagues is hauntingly comparable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The apocalyptic scenes of New York City ICUs overwhelmed with people with COVID-19 pneumonia remind me of our early days where patients with AIDS presented very late with pneumocystis pneumonia and required ventilators,” said Gottlieb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Other elements are also familiar. Results from small studies are overblown. Officials change course abruptly. Public health is politicized. Lives become statistics. Headlines tout new cures. Vaccines are promised. And at the end of the day, individual actions save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Back in the early ’80s, the answer was condoms and fewer sexual partners,” said Gottlieb. “Today, the answer is masks and social distancing. Behavior change is essential in preventing the spread of both of these viruses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966726\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1966726 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-800x654.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-800x654.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-1020x834.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-1536x1256.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-1920x1569.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">ACT-UP protesters march through the streets surrounding the U.S. Capitol and shout “shame” outside the office of the Republican National Committee on May 20, 2004, in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(TIM SLOAN/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Piercing Differences\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But, for many long-term HIV survivors, the differences between the two pandemics shadow the similarities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For years, HIV advocates and patients protested to garner government attention and funding. “We were literally fighting for our lives,” said Solomon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Today, many medical researchers say it’s difficult to find funding for projects that \u003cem>aren’t\u003c/em> coronavirus. Scientists mapped the entire COVID-19 genome and understood transmission within months, not years, after initial infections broke out in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Now, a few months into the coronavirus outbreak, some people have hit the streets demanding officials do \u003ci>less\u003c/i> to protect society from the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“In many ways, there’s no comparison,” says Guillen, “because in those days the reality is society in general didn’t care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">This week at the AIDS 2020 Conference, scientists may reveal a physiological reason HIV patients are weathering the coronavirus better than predicted. But, Guillen believes coping skills are playing a key role. Long-term survivors have pushed up against disinterest, oppression and even disgust for decades, and yet, “We found ways to keep going,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">In January, two weeks after Rick Solomon joined the YMCA near his home, he fell ill. The 65-year-old Berkeley resident hoped to spend the month working out, instead he laid in bed wheezing, with crippling muscle aches. He missed several days of work at a small publishing house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I am pretty sure that my patients, my older, primarily gay men who survived the ’80s and ’90s, were the first to effectively shelter in place because they know what a pandemic is.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I was sick for most of the month of February with a horrible cough like I’ve never had before,” said Solomon running his fingers through his thick salt and pepper hair. “It went into my chest. I used inhalers for the first time in my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He was never tested for COVID-19 because he hadn’t traveled overseas recently, which was one of the official requirements for testing at the time. And although he has since tested negative for the virus’ antibodies, Solomon still believes he may have caught the bug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The test the lab used was not FDA approved,” he said. “So who knows? It was just a different kind of cold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Solomon took the antibody test because he wanted to enroll in a study at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital looking at HIV-positive people infected with COVID-19. It’s a topic of special interest to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“COVID is going to have a major impact on the trajectory of the HIV epidemic,” said Dr. Steven Deeks, a UCSF professor of medicine and HIV researcher. “We just don’t know how.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 527px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1966721\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Steven Deeks is a recognized expert on HIV-associated immune dysfunction and its impact on HIV persistence (the “reservoir”) and health during antiretroviral therapy. \" width=\"527\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/SD-ZSF-Photograph.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Steven Deeks is a recognized expert on HIV-associated immune dysfunction and its impact on HIV persistence (the “reservoir”) and health during antiretroviral therapy. \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Some answers may come to light this week at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aids2020.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">23rd International AIDS Conference.\u003c/span>\u003c/a> The event was scheduled to happen in San Francisco and Oakland until the coronavirus hit. Now scientists, policymakers, public health experts and patients from around the world will gather virtually. COVID-19 is a central topic on the agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Surprising Positive Trend\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Infectious disease doctors assumed people with HIV would be at higher risk for complications from the novel coronavirus due to a weakened immune system. Plus, the majority of HIV-positive people in the U.S. are older, and many struggle with underlying conditions like heart disease and diabetes, which make illness from COVID-19 infection more severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Early in the outbreak, four of Dr. Edward “Lalo” Cachay’s patients were hospitalized for complications with COVID-19. Cachay, a professor of medicine at UC San Diego, feared the worst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“You could potentially have a very dangerous combination of both biological and social determinants of health,” said Cachay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">HIV patients are not only immunocompromised, many also face psycho-social barriers like poor health insurance and mental illness. But not only did Cachay’s four patients experience good outcomes, this positive trend is playing out across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966724\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 438px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1966724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-800x833.jpg\" alt=\"Edward “Lalo” Cachay, a professor of medicine at UCSD., smiles in a university portrait. He has warm brown eyes behind brown glasses and a closely trimmed, salt-and-pepper beard and mustache.\" width=\"438\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-800x833.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-1020x1062.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-160x167.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341-768x800.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Cachay-Edward-_white-coat-2-e1593709402341.jpg 1281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edward “Lalo” Cachay, a professor of medicine at UCSD. \u003ccite>(UCSD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“People with HIV are radically underrepresented in the different cohorts coming from Europe and China with very advanced, severe forms of COVID-19,” Cachay said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Two small studies from \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(20)30164-8/fulltext\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Spain\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(20)30164-8/fulltext\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Italy\u003c/span>\u003c/a> show that HIV-positive people infected with COVID-19 did not fare worse than those without HIV. Scientists are not sure why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>More Questions Than Answers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The bottom line is we have no idea,” said Deeks. “We have lots of interesting questions, lots of important questions, and lots of anecdotes. But at the end of day, we don’t have much data at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Cachay hopes a study he is involved in will offer concrete answers. He’s partnering with scientists at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington to answer some key questions: \u003cspan class=\"s1\">What factors might predict which HIV patients are most at risk? Do HIV patients who contract COVID-19 suffer severe illness? And are mortality rates higher in HIV patients who contract the novel\u003c/span> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">coronavirus? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“I hope this study will help us disentangle the data more,” said Cachay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Some experts theorize daily HIV meds might offer some protection against the coronavirus. Others wonder if the immune system of people with HIV is altered in a way that offers some resilience. Or, perhaps, experience helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I am pretty sure that my patients, my older, primarily gay men who survived the ’80s and ’90s, were the first to effectively shelter in place because they know what a pandemic is,” said Deeks. “They know how a virus can ravage a community. They know how important social distancing is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Dr. Michael Gottlieb, the UCLA HIV physician who identified the first cluster of HIV cases in 1981, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“They’ve survived one virus,” he said. “They don’t want to be nabbed by this one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Lessons Learned From One Pandemic Help Save Lives in Another\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">John Schumacher, a 63-year-old soft spoken gay male, is a case in point. Over the years, the long-term HIV survivor and community volunteer has faced many perilous moments with his health.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I’ve learned to err on the side of caution,” Schumacher said. “You know, to wear a condom if someone else wants to, wear gloves, to do what is safer or what seems safe, even if I may not agree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When the coronavirus started spreading, he started washing his hands diligently and wore a mask before it was widely recommended. He always carries hand sanitizer, and he says the same is true for his 31 housemates who are also HIV-positive. The group shares a community house in San Francisco. Fortunately no one has tested positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We think we had the training to do better in this pandemic,” said Jesus Guillen, of San Francisco. “We have experience at many of these things. We know how to push past barriers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For example, even though Guillen loves to socialize, he didn’t balk when officials announced the stay-at-home directive because he understands all too well what’s at stake. Over the years, the tall flamboyant Latino has lost many close friends, including his first American lover whom he met soon after crossing the Mexican border in 1984.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 546px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1966713\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Jesus Guillen snaps a selfie at Ocean Beach in San Francisco.\" width=\"546\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/PICT0293-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jesus Guillen snaps a selfie at Ocean Beach in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Jesus Guillen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“I was with just one person,” he sighs. “And sadly, he died one year later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>‘We Got The Real Social Distancing’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Today, the 60-year-old with spiky platinum hair and a turquoise earring is a proud activist in San Francisco. But when he first found out he was HIV-positive, he was a shy immigrant who didn’t tell anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“In those times, they were not allowing people who were HIV-positive to stay in this country,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But it was more than just fear of \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol31_2004/fall2004/irr_hr_fall04_persecution/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">deportation\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that silenced Guillen. In 1985, a Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-19-mn-30337-story.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">poll\u003c/span>\u003c/a> revealed a majority of Americans favored quarantining people with AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We got the social distancing through discrimination, through a stigma, through homophobia, through all those things, We got the real social distancing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the beginning of the coronavirus outbreak, memories from the ’80s flooded back. The Grand Princess cruise ship carrying passengers with COVID-19 was docking at the Port of Oakland, when Guillen overheard a conversation on a bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was a normal average person saying, ‘Why do they allow them to be right there in Oakland? They should be taking these people to an island.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“That took me back so much to the early ’80s with HIV.” Guillen winced. “People wanted to put us in cages or places completely separate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Hauntingly Similar \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Four decades ago, no one could have imagined AIDS would kill more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/hivaids/fact-sheet/the-hivaids-epidemic-in-the-united-states-the-basics/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">700,000\u003c/span>\u003c/a> people in America, and more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">32 million\u003c/span>\u003c/a> worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966715\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 721px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1966715 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-626934506-1-e1593659360168.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Michael Gottlieb attends The Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation World AIDS Day Event co-hosted by SAG-AFTRA at the at James Cagney Boardroom on November 30, 2016 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"721\" height=\"844\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-626934506-1-e1593659360168.jpg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-626934506-1-e1593659360168-160x187.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Michael Gottlieb attends The Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation World AIDS Day event co-hosted by SAG-AFTRA at the at James Cagney Boardroom on Nov. 30, 2016, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Jesse Grant/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I thought that the very first case might just be a one-off phenomenon,” said Dr. Michael Gottlieb, of UCLA. “We didn’t even know that AIDS was caused by a virus. We didn’t know that for two full years after the description of the first patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Scientists like Gottlieb struggled to access funding to study HIV. It took a couple of years before researchers understood how AIDS was transmitted. Fear plagued gay neighborhoods like the Castro. People worried a cough or a toilet seat might be a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“You’d go out in the street at night and no one would be there,” said Rick Solomon, a 65-year-old Berkeley resident who is enrolled in a COVID-19 study at San Francisco General. “And the bars were almost empty. People didn’t go out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Throughout the ’80s, Solomon kept a little notebook of names of people who died. The list grew to more than 200 people. He was not surprised when he tested positive in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Even though HIV and the new coronavirus are not similar in genome, transmission or mortality; the experience of living through two plagues is hauntingly comparable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The apocalyptic scenes of New York City ICUs overwhelmed with people with COVID-19 pneumonia remind me of our early days where patients with AIDS presented very late with pneumocystis pneumonia and required ventilators,” said Gottlieb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Other elements are also familiar. Results from small studies are overblown. Officials change course abruptly. Public health is politicized. Lives become statistics. Headlines tout new cures. Vaccines are promised. And at the end of the day, individual actions save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Back in the early ’80s, the answer was condoms and fewer sexual partners,” said Gottlieb. “Today, the answer is masks and social distancing. Behavior change is essential in preventing the spread of both of these viruses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966726\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1966726 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-800x654.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-800x654.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-1020x834.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-1536x1256.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211-1920x1569.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/GettyImages-50861211.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">ACT-UP protesters march through the streets surrounding the U.S. Capitol and shout “shame” outside the office of the Republican National Committee on May 20, 2004, in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(TIM SLOAN/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Piercing Differences\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But, for many long-term HIV survivors, the differences between the two pandemics shadow the similarities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For years, HIV advocates and patients protested to garner government attention and funding. “We were literally fighting for our lives,” said Solomon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Today, many medical researchers say it’s difficult to find funding for projects that \u003cem>aren’t\u003c/em> coronavirus. Scientists mapped the entire COVID-19 genome and understood transmission within months, not years, after initial infections broke out in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Now, a few months into the coronavirus outbreak, some people have hit the streets demanding officials do \u003ci>less\u003c/i> to protect society from the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“In many ways, there’s no comparison,” says Guillen, “because in those days the reality is society in general didn’t care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">This week at the AIDS 2020 Conference, scientists may reveal a physiological reason HIV patients are weathering the coronavirus better than predicted. But, Guillen believes coping skills are playing a key role. Long-term survivors have pushed up against disinterest, oppression and even disgust for decades, and yet, “We found ways to keep going,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOWVhYWIyNDgtZDJlMy00NWE1LWJjN2EtYWM2MDhlNTNmNGJiIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How severe is the spread of COVID-19 in your community? If you’re confused, you’re not alone. Though state and local dashboards provide lots of numbers, from case counts to deaths, it’s often unclear how to interpret them — and hard to compare them to other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There hasn’t been a unified, national approach to communicating risk, says \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/danielleallen/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Allen\u003c/a>, a professor and director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University. “That’s made it harder for people,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen, along with researchers at the Harvard Global Health Institute, is leading a collaboration of top scientists at institutions around the country who have joined forces to create a unified set of metrics, including a shared definition of risk levels — and tools for communities to fight the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collaboration launched these tools this week, including a \u003ca href=\"https://globalepidemics.org/key-metrics-for-covid-suppression/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new, online risk-assessment map\u003c/a> (above) that allows people to check the state or the county where they live and see a COVID-19 risk rating of green, yellow, orange or red. The risk levels are based upon the number of new daily cases per 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A community that has fewer than one daily new case per 100,000 is green. One to 9 is yellow; between 10 and 24 is orange; and 25 and above puts you in the red. “When you get into that orange and red zone it means, in all likelihood, you’re seeing a lot of velocity, a kind of fast upward trend,” Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is by no means the only attempt to categorize risk levels across the United States. There are a number of frameworks out there using different measures. And that can lead to confusion, says Allen. “What we really need is a shared vocabulary and shared way of presenting data across jurisdictions,” she says. This effort represents the consensus of eight institutions and more than a dozen individual experts who have agreed on these metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other important metrics when it comes to tracking the spread and severity of COVID-19. Local public health leaders need to know how many people are dying and how many people are hospitalized. They need to know how many tests are coming back positive in an area. (The lower the positivity rate, the more likely a community is testing enough to accurately detect the spread of the virus.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the group settled on tying the alert level to numbers of new cases per 100,000, because that’s a good indicator to show the current picture of outbreaks and compare them in a consistent way. It’s a standard way to measure the risk against the total population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows you to compare a rural area in upstate New York compared to New York City and have an apples-to-apples comparison for relative impact and relative caseload,” says \u003ca href=\"http://talusanalytics.com/team/#:~:text=Ellie%20Graeden%20PhD,and%20response%2C%20and%20risk%20assessment.\">Ellie Graeden\u003c/a> of Talus Analytics and the Center for Global Health, Science and Security at Georgetown University, which is part of the convergence group that developed the metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, by sticking with a standard, core metric you can compare trends over time. “You want to know whether things are going up or down,” Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the public, this means you can now compare the case incidence where you live to that of, say, a nearby county where you’re considering going on an errand. Or the county where your parents live if you’re considering a visit. It gives you a way to assess your community’s risk level compared to others, at a glance, and modify your behavior accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For policymakers, the risk levels are meant to signal the intensity of the effort needed to control COVID-19 and to trigger specific interventions. The collaborative released guidance for how state and local leaders should manage their response, depending on their risk level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As this [pandemic] unfolded, a lot of us were waiting for the federal government to stand up and really produce … some practical guidance on how those at the state and local level should be responding,” said Graeden. But in the absence of that clear guidance, this collaboration aims to fill the void.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a jurisdiction is at the green level, it’s on track for containing the virus. At yellow, a community should implement measures such as mask-wearing and social distancing and have an active program of testing, contact tracing and isolation — including targeted testing of those in high-risk environments. Orange is considered “dangerous” and requires surging testing and contact tracing efforts — or if that’s not possible, it may call for stay-home orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the red level, “jurisdictions have reached a tipping point for uncontrolled spread,” according to the collaborative’s guidance. At this level, “you really need to be back at a stay-at-home [advisory]” Graeden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, two states — Arizona and Florida — are at the red level and 14 are orange. Only Hawaii is green. But there’s a great deal of variation county by county. In orange Texas, for instance, more than 20 counties are red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to take some of the guesswork out of the policy response at a local level, says Graeden, and offer a more standardized way to communicate the risk and the response options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve all modified our metrics to align more accurately across the different platforms,” she said. “We’re now communicating and all agreeing on the same basic thresholds for the types of actions that need to be taken. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shared metrics and guidance will be incorporated into a number of initiatives and sites focused on COVID-19 response, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.covidlocal.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Covidlocal.org\u003c/a>, led by a group of disease outbreak experts and former public health officials, and \u003ca href=\"https://covidactnow.org/?s=58173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CovidActNow,\u003c/a> led by former technology executives and a group of academics. The convergence group hopes to see it adopted more widely and used by local and state governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Green%2C+Yellow%2C+Orange+Or+Red%3F+This+New+Tool+Shows+COVID-19+Risk+In+Your+County&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOWVhYWIyNDgtZDJlMy00NWE1LWJjN2EtYWM2MDhlNTNmNGJiIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How severe is the spread of COVID-19 in your community? If you’re confused, you’re not alone. Though state and local dashboards provide lots of numbers, from case counts to deaths, it’s often unclear how to interpret them — and hard to compare them to other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There hasn’t been a unified, national approach to communicating risk, says \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/danielleallen/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Allen\u003c/a>, a professor and director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University. “That’s made it harder for people,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen, along with researchers at the Harvard Global Health Institute, is leading a collaboration of top scientists at institutions around the country who have joined forces to create a unified set of metrics, including a shared definition of risk levels — and tools for communities to fight the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collaboration launched these tools this week, including a \u003ca href=\"https://globalepidemics.org/key-metrics-for-covid-suppression/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new, online risk-assessment map\u003c/a> (above) that allows people to check the state or the county where they live and see a COVID-19 risk rating of green, yellow, orange or red. The risk levels are based upon the number of new daily cases per 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A community that has fewer than one daily new case per 100,000 is green. One to 9 is yellow; between 10 and 24 is orange; and 25 and above puts you in the red. “When you get into that orange and red zone it means, in all likelihood, you’re seeing a lot of velocity, a kind of fast upward trend,” Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is by no means the only attempt to categorize risk levels across the United States. There are a number of frameworks out there using different measures. And that can lead to confusion, says Allen. “What we really need is a shared vocabulary and shared way of presenting data across jurisdictions,” she says. This effort represents the consensus of eight institutions and more than a dozen individual experts who have agreed on these metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other important metrics when it comes to tracking the spread and severity of COVID-19. 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It’s a standard way to measure the risk against the total population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows you to compare a rural area in upstate New York compared to New York City and have an apples-to-apples comparison for relative impact and relative caseload,” says \u003ca href=\"http://talusanalytics.com/team/#:~:text=Ellie%20Graeden%20PhD,and%20response%2C%20and%20risk%20assessment.\">Ellie Graeden\u003c/a> of Talus Analytics and the Center for Global Health, Science and Security at Georgetown University, which is part of the convergence group that developed the metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, by sticking with a standard, core metric you can compare trends over time. “You want to know whether things are going up or down,” Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the public, this means you can now compare the case incidence where you live to that of, say, a nearby county where you’re considering going on an errand. Or the county where your parents live if you’re considering a visit. 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In orange Texas, for instance, more than 20 counties are red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to take some of the guesswork out of the policy response at a local level, says Graeden, and offer a more standardized way to communicate the risk and the response options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve all modified our metrics to align more accurately across the different platforms,” she said. “We’re now communicating and all agreeing on the same basic thresholds for the types of actions that need to be taken. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shared metrics and guidance will be incorporated into a number of initiatives and sites focused on COVID-19 response, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.covidlocal.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Covidlocal.org\u003c/a>, led by a group of disease outbreak experts and former public health officials, and \u003ca href=\"https://covidactnow.org/?s=58173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CovidActNow,\u003c/a> led by former technology executives and a group of academics. 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"headTitle": "‘Everything Was Preventable.’ Prisons’ Failure to Contain COVID-19 Is Bad for Public Health | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story has been updated with comments from Gov. Gavin Newsom’s June 29 press conference.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Corcoran and Avenal state prisons in the arid Central Valley to historical San Quentin on the San Francisco Bay, California prisons have emerged as raging COVID-19 hot spots, even as the state annually spends more on inmate health care than other big states spend on their entire prison systems.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote align='right' citation='Marc Levine, Assembly member, Marin County']‘Everything was preventable. Everything.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new state budget taking effect July 1 authorizes $13.1 billion for California’s 34 prisons, housing 114,000 inmates, more than three times what any other state spends. That sum includes $3.6 billion for medical and dental services and mental health care — roughly \u003ca href=\"https://nicic.gov/state-statistics/2017/texas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">what Texas spends\u003c/a> to run its entire 140,000-inmate prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, yet, despite the extraordinary dedication of resources, California prison officials are struggling to contain the COVID-19 outbreaks, let alone prevent them. On March 25, there was just one confirmed COVID-19 case among California’s inmates. Three months later, more than 4,600 inmates have contracted the disease, an infection rate of about \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/population-status-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">40 per 1,000 inmates and rising\u003c/a> — more than seven times higher than the infection rate for the state’s population as a whole. Twenty-one inmates have died. More than 730 staffers have tested positive, and two have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison systems in several other states \u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2020/05/01/a-state-by-state-look-at-coronavirus-in-prisons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are seeing worse outbreaks\u003c/a>. In Ohio, at least 84 inmates have died. In Michigan prisons, 68 inmates have died. In Texas, at least 79. But given what it spends on prison health care, and its history, California might have seen the scourge coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prisoner rights attorneys in California for years have waged high-profile court challenges alleging inadequate health care delivery behind bars. As a result of their efforts, federal judges in San Francisco and Sacramento oversee the state’s prison health care system. A special office, known as the California Correctional Health Care Services, has a staff of 57 to monitor the delivery of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year, there is a major outbreak,” said San Francisco attorney Michael Bien, who for 30 years has wrangled with the state over conditions for inmates diagnosed with varying levels of mental illness. Hepatitis, HIV and \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/45/8/1047/344842\">other communicable diseases\u003c/a> are common in prisons. “Prisons are like nursing homes,” Bien said. “They’re very dangerous for infectious diseases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court concluded that California’s prisons were so crowded and the physical and mental health care so deficient that conditions amounted to cruel and unusual punishment. In response, California cut its prison population and now houses 114,000 inmates, down from a peak of 173,000 in 2006. Many health experts believe the prison system is still too crowded to keep the novel coronavirus from spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Institution for Men in Chino, in the suburbs east of Los Angeles, was the first California lockup struck. It reports more than 890 cases involving inmates and 16 deaths. In an effort to contain the virus at the Chino prison, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) on May 30 transferred 121 inmates considered especially vulnerable to infection 444 miles north to California’s oldest prison, San Quentin, just north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Marc Levine, a Democrat whose Marin County district includes San Quentin, said some Chino prisoners initially were housed on the upper tier of a San Quentin cellblock, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Coronavirus-outbreak-at-San-Quentin-State-Prison-15353583.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called the Badger Unit\u003c/a>. That allowed their droplets to descend on inmates below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything was preventable. Everything,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, CDCR spokesperson Dana Simas said inmates from Chino who had tested positive upon arrival at San Quentin “were not exposed to the general population” of the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the virus arrived, and more than 1,011 San Quentin inmates since have tested positive, said Gov. Gavin Newsom in a June 29 press conference. And, he added, 42% of the San Quentin inmate population is considered to be medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chino inmates also were transferred to Corcoran State Prison, south of Fresno. Now, 155 Corcoran prisoners have the virus. In Lassen County, officials are blaming the transfer of prisoners from San Quentin to the California Correctional Center in Susanville for an outbreak that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/coronavirus/article243822702.html?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">infected 211 inmates in the past two weeks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrections officials say they now routinely distribute cloth masks to inmates and workers throughout the prison system, providing hand sanitizer in common areas, and have increased attention to disinfecting surfaces. Prisons are screening and taking the temperatures of staffers who enter the prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have taken unprecedented steps to address the COVID-19 pandemic in all state prisons, including the cessation of visiting, volunteers, and group programs; developing comprehensive prevention and treatment protocols,” Simas \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/covid-19-response-efforts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s prisons were built to contain felons, not the coronavirus. Each of the state’s 34 prisons house 2,000 to 5,000 inmates. Many live in dorms, sleeping in double bunks and sharing showers and dining halls. Others live two to a 60- to 80-square-foot cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, to create more space, the state sped the release of 3,500 inmates who had less than six months to serve on their sentences. Newsom says the state has identified an additional cohort of more than 3,500 people being evaluated for early release, including assessing how medically vulnerable they are. Starting July 1, the state once more will start speeding the release of prisoners who have six months or less left on their sentences, with caveats: They cannot have been convicted of violent or serious felonies, domestic violence or sex crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also must have plans for housing. That’s important for officials grappling with California’s other epidemic: homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are actualizing plans to move people and we are doing it as responsibly as we humanly, possibly, can,” Newsom said. “I just want folks to know — advocates for urgency to know — your voices are being heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear whether COVID-related releases from state prisons have amplified the state’s homeless crisis. But El Dorado County District Attorney Vern Pierson, vice president of the California District Attorneys Association’s board of directors, predicts it’s a matter of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to exacerbate an already bad situation,” Pierson said. “The numbers that will become homeless will be high. The supervision will be less and less. The likelihood of reoffending will likely go up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento, Mayor Darrell Steinberg, co-chair of Newsom’s homelessness task force, said that since the start of the pandemic the capital city has moved 800 people from the streets into hotels, a hopeful sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that gain has been more than offset because fewer people are in county jails. To limit the spread of the coronavirus in county lockups, jailers statewide have reduced the number of total inmates from 72,000 to 51,000, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/JPS-ADP-Data-Snapshot-Draft-6.12.2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the California Board of State and Community Corrections reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part because of those releases, homeless encampments along the Sacramento River have “grown and grown in a very significant way,” Steinberg said. Similar spikes in homelessness are occurring across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing people, “if they do not present a real risk,” is not the problem, Steinberg said. “The problem is releasing them without any connection with housing and the support necessary for them to be successful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDCR’s response to the pandemic will come under scrutiny in a July 1 oversight hearing to be convened by state Sen. Nancy Skinner, a Berkeley Democrat who chairs the Senate Committee on Public Safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are the biggest congregate facilities in the state? Prisons,” Skinner said. “They are exactly the type of facility no one wants to be in a pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s efforts to stem the outbreaks matter beyond the prison gates, several experts noted. Prison workers go home at the end of their shifts. Inmates too sick to be cared for in prison infirmaries are sent to community hospitals. Ultimately, prison health and public health are inextricably intertwined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story has been updated with comments from Gov. Gavin Newsom’s June 29 press conference.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Corcoran and Avenal state prisons in the arid Central Valley to historical San Quentin on the San Francisco Bay, California prisons have emerged as raging COVID-19 hot spots, even as the state annually spends more on inmate health care than other big states spend on their entire prison systems.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new state budget taking effect July 1 authorizes $13.1 billion for California’s 34 prisons, housing 114,000 inmates, more than three times what any other state spends. That sum includes $3.6 billion for medical and dental services and mental health care — roughly \u003ca href=\"https://nicic.gov/state-statistics/2017/texas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">what Texas spends\u003c/a> to run its entire 140,000-inmate prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, yet, despite the extraordinary dedication of resources, California prison officials are struggling to contain the COVID-19 outbreaks, let alone prevent them. On March 25, there was just one confirmed COVID-19 case among California’s inmates. Three months later, more than 4,600 inmates have contracted the disease, an infection rate of about \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/population-status-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">40 per 1,000 inmates and rising\u003c/a> — more than seven times higher than the infection rate for the state’s population as a whole. Twenty-one inmates have died. More than 730 staffers have tested positive, and two have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison systems in several other states \u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2020/05/01/a-state-by-state-look-at-coronavirus-in-prisons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are seeing worse outbreaks\u003c/a>. In Ohio, at least 84 inmates have died. In Michigan prisons, 68 inmates have died. In Texas, at least 79. But given what it spends on prison health care, and its history, California might have seen the scourge coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prisoner rights attorneys in California for years have waged high-profile court challenges alleging inadequate health care delivery behind bars. As a result of their efforts, federal judges in San Francisco and Sacramento oversee the state’s prison health care system. A special office, known as the California Correctional Health Care Services, has a staff of 57 to monitor the delivery of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year, there is a major outbreak,” said San Francisco attorney Michael Bien, who for 30 years has wrangled with the state over conditions for inmates diagnosed with varying levels of mental illness. Hepatitis, HIV and \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/45/8/1047/344842\">other communicable diseases\u003c/a> are common in prisons. “Prisons are like nursing homes,” Bien said. “They’re very dangerous for infectious diseases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court concluded that California’s prisons were so crowded and the physical and mental health care so deficient that conditions amounted to cruel and unusual punishment. In response, California cut its prison population and now houses 114,000 inmates, down from a peak of 173,000 in 2006. Many health experts believe the prison system is still too crowded to keep the novel coronavirus from spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Institution for Men in Chino, in the suburbs east of Los Angeles, was the first California lockup struck. It reports more than 890 cases involving inmates and 16 deaths. In an effort to contain the virus at the Chino prison, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) on May 30 transferred 121 inmates considered especially vulnerable to infection 444 miles north to California’s oldest prison, San Quentin, just north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Marc Levine, a Democrat whose Marin County district includes San Quentin, said some Chino prisoners initially were housed on the upper tier of a San Quentin cellblock, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Coronavirus-outbreak-at-San-Quentin-State-Prison-15353583.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called the Badger Unit\u003c/a>. That allowed their droplets to descend on inmates below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything was preventable. Everything,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, CDCR spokesperson Dana Simas said inmates from Chino who had tested positive upon arrival at San Quentin “were not exposed to the general population” of the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the virus arrived, and more than 1,011 San Quentin inmates since have tested positive, said Gov. Gavin Newsom in a June 29 press conference. And, he added, 42% of the San Quentin inmate population is considered to be medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chino inmates also were transferred to Corcoran State Prison, south of Fresno. Now, 155 Corcoran prisoners have the virus. In Lassen County, officials are blaming the transfer of prisoners from San Quentin to the California Correctional Center in Susanville for an outbreak that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/coronavirus/article243822702.html?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">infected 211 inmates in the past two weeks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrections officials say they now routinely distribute cloth masks to inmates and workers throughout the prison system, providing hand sanitizer in common areas, and have increased attention to disinfecting surfaces. Prisons are screening and taking the temperatures of staffers who enter the prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have taken unprecedented steps to address the COVID-19 pandemic in all state prisons, including the cessation of visiting, volunteers, and group programs; developing comprehensive prevention and treatment protocols,” Simas \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/covid-19-response-efforts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s prisons were built to contain felons, not the coronavirus. Each of the state’s 34 prisons house 2,000 to 5,000 inmates. Many live in dorms, sleeping in double bunks and sharing showers and dining halls. Others live two to a 60- to 80-square-foot cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, to create more space, the state sped the release of 3,500 inmates who had less than six months to serve on their sentences. Newsom says the state has identified an additional cohort of more than 3,500 people being evaluated for early release, including assessing how medically vulnerable they are. Starting July 1, the state once more will start speeding the release of prisoners who have six months or less left on their sentences, with caveats: They cannot have been convicted of violent or serious felonies, domestic violence or sex crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also must have plans for housing. That’s important for officials grappling with California’s other epidemic: homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are actualizing plans to move people and we are doing it as responsibly as we humanly, possibly, can,” Newsom said. “I just want folks to know — advocates for urgency to know — your voices are being heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear whether COVID-related releases from state prisons have amplified the state’s homeless crisis. But El Dorado County District Attorney Vern Pierson, vice president of the California District Attorneys Association’s board of directors, predicts it’s a matter of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to exacerbate an already bad situation,” Pierson said. “The numbers that will become homeless will be high. The supervision will be less and less. The likelihood of reoffending will likely go up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento, Mayor Darrell Steinberg, co-chair of Newsom’s homelessness task force, said that since the start of the pandemic the capital city has moved 800 people from the streets into hotels, a hopeful sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that gain has been more than offset because fewer people are in county jails. To limit the spread of the coronavirus in county lockups, jailers statewide have reduced the number of total inmates from 72,000 to 51,000, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/JPS-ADP-Data-Snapshot-Draft-6.12.2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the California Board of State and Community Corrections reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part because of those releases, homeless encampments along the Sacramento River have “grown and grown in a very significant way,” Steinberg said. Similar spikes in homelessness are occurring across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing people, “if they do not present a real risk,” is not the problem, Steinberg said. “The problem is releasing them without any connection with housing and the support necessary for them to be successful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDCR’s response to the pandemic will come under scrutiny in a July 1 oversight hearing to be convened by state Sen. Nancy Skinner, a Berkeley Democrat who chairs the Senate Committee on Public Safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are the biggest congregate facilities in the state? Prisons,” Skinner said. “They are exactly the type of facility no one wants to be in a pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s efforts to stem the outbreaks matter beyond the prison gates, several experts noted. Prison workers go home at the end of their shifts. Inmates too sick to be cared for in prison infirmaries are sent to community hospitals. Ultimately, prison health and public health are inextricably intertwined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Confirmed U.S. Coronavirus Cases Jump to All-Time Daily High",
"headTitle": "Confirmed U.S. Coronavirus Cases Jump to All-Time Daily High | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Texas and Florida clamped down on bars again Friday in the biggest retreat yet amid a surge across the South and West that sent the number of confirmed new coronavirus infections per day in the U.S. to an all-time high of 40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]U.S. health officials said the true number of Americans infected is about 20 million, or almost 10 times higher than the official count.[/pullquote]Texas Gov. Greg Abbott ordered all bars closed, while Florida banned alcohol consumption at all such establishments. Together the two states joined the small but growing list of those that are either backtracking or putting any further reopenings of their economies on hold because of comeback by the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott had pursued up to now one of the most aggressive reopening schedules of any state and had not only resisted calls to order the wearing of masks, but had also refused until last week to let local governments take such measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is clear that the rise in cases is largely driven by certain types of activities, including Texans congregating in bars,” he said. “The actions in this executive order are essential to our mission to swiftly contain this virus and protect public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Florida agency that governs bars acted after the daily number of confirmed cases neared 9,000, a record that was almost double the previous mark set just two days earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas, meanwhile, reported more than 17,000 confirmed new cases in the past three days, with a record high of nearly 6,000 on Thursday. The day’s tally of over 4,700 hospitalizations was also a record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of the hardest-hit states, including Texas, Florida, Arizona and Arkansas, have Republican governors who have resisted mask-wearing requirements and echoed President Donald Trump’s desire to quickly reopen the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid the surge, the White House coronavirus task force, led by Vice President Mike Pence, was scheduled to hold its first briefing in nearly two months on Friday afternoon, signaling the administration’s recognition that it cannot ignore the alarming increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the number of confirmed new infections in the U.S. per day soared past the previous high of 36,400, set on April 24, during one of the deadliest stretches in the crisis so far, according to the count kept by Johns Hopkins University. The average number of new cases per day has risen about 60 percent over the past two weeks, according to an Associated Press analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the increase is believed to reflect, in part, greatly expanded testing, experts say there is ample evidence the virus is making a comeback, including rising deaths and hospitalizations in parts of the country, especially in the South and West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths from the coronavirus in the U.S. are down to around 600 per day, compared with about 2,200 in mid-April. Despite the rise in cases, some experts have expressed doubt that deaths will return to that level, because of advances in treatment and prevention and also because a large share of the new infections are in younger adults, who are more likely than older ones to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus is blamed for 124,000 deaths in the U.S. and 2.4 million confirmed infections nationwide, by Johns Hopkins’ count. But U.S. health officials said the true number of Americans infected is about 20 million, or almost 10 times higher. Worldwide, the virus has claimed close to a half-million lives, according to Johns Hopkins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to closing bars again, Abbott scaled back restaurant capacity and shut down rafting operations and said any outdoor gatherings of more than 100 people will need approval from the local government. The move came as the number of patients at Texas hospitals statewide more than doubled in two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Arizona put on hold any further efforts to reopen the economy, with Republican Gov. Doug Ducey saying the numbers “continue to go in the wrong direction.” Arizona reported over 3,000 additional infections Thursday, the fourth day in a week with an increase over that mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada’s governor ordered the wearing of face masks in public, Las Vegas casinos included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere around the world, China moved closer to containing a fresh outbreak in Beijing. Another record daily increase in India pushed the caseload in the world’s second most populous nation toward half a million. And other countries with big populations like Indonesia, Pakistan and Mexico grappled with large numbers of infections and strained health care systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Africa, which accounts for about half of the infections on the African continent with over 118,000, reported a record of nearly 6,600 new cases after loosening what had been one of the world’s strictest lockdowns earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Italy, one of the hardest-hit European nations, battled to control an outbreak among Bulgarian seasonal crop pickers near Naples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor of the southern Campania region insisted that the workers who live in an apartment complex with dozens of COVID-19 cases stay inside for just over two weeks, not even emerging for food — authorities will deliver groceries to them.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Texas Gov. Greg Abbott ordered all bars closed, while Florida banned alcohol consumption at all such establishments. Together the two states joined the small but growing list of those that are either backtracking or putting any further reopenings of their economies on hold because of comeback by the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott had pursued up to now one of the most aggressive reopening schedules of any state and had not only resisted calls to order the wearing of masks, but had also refused until last week to let local governments take such measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is clear that the rise in cases is largely driven by certain types of activities, including Texans congregating in bars,” he said. “The actions in this executive order are essential to our mission to swiftly contain this virus and protect public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Florida agency that governs bars acted after the daily number of confirmed cases neared 9,000, a record that was almost double the previous mark set just two days earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas, meanwhile, reported more than 17,000 confirmed new cases in the past three days, with a record high of nearly 6,000 on Thursday. The day’s tally of over 4,700 hospitalizations was also a record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of the hardest-hit states, including Texas, Florida, Arizona and Arkansas, have Republican governors who have resisted mask-wearing requirements and echoed President Donald Trump’s desire to quickly reopen the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid the surge, the White House coronavirus task force, led by Vice President Mike Pence, was scheduled to hold its first briefing in nearly two months on Friday afternoon, signaling the administration’s recognition that it cannot ignore the alarming increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the number of confirmed new infections in the U.S. per day soared past the previous high of 36,400, set on April 24, during one of the deadliest stretches in the crisis so far, according to the count kept by Johns Hopkins University. The average number of new cases per day has risen about 60 percent over the past two weeks, according to an Associated Press analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the increase is believed to reflect, in part, greatly expanded testing, experts say there is ample evidence the virus is making a comeback, including rising deaths and hospitalizations in parts of the country, especially in the South and West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths from the coronavirus in the U.S. are down to around 600 per day, compared with about 2,200 in mid-April. Despite the rise in cases, some experts have expressed doubt that deaths will return to that level, because of advances in treatment and prevention and also because a large share of the new infections are in younger adults, who are more likely than older ones to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus is blamed for 124,000 deaths in the U.S. and 2.4 million confirmed infections nationwide, by Johns Hopkins’ count. But U.S. health officials said the true number of Americans infected is about 20 million, or almost 10 times higher. Worldwide, the virus has claimed close to a half-million lives, according to Johns Hopkins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to closing bars again, Abbott scaled back restaurant capacity and shut down rafting operations and said any outdoor gatherings of more than 100 people will need approval from the local government. The move came as the number of patients at Texas hospitals statewide more than doubled in two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Arizona put on hold any further efforts to reopen the economy, with Republican Gov. Doug Ducey saying the numbers “continue to go in the wrong direction.” Arizona reported over 3,000 additional infections Thursday, the fourth day in a week with an increase over that mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada’s governor ordered the wearing of face masks in public, Las Vegas casinos included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere around the world, China moved closer to containing a fresh outbreak in Beijing. Another record daily increase in India pushed the caseload in the world’s second most populous nation toward half a million. And other countries with big populations like Indonesia, Pakistan and Mexico grappled with large numbers of infections and strained health care systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Africa, which accounts for about half of the infections on the African continent with over 118,000, reported a record of nearly 6,600 new cases after loosening what had been one of the world’s strictest lockdowns earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Italy, one of the hardest-hit European nations, battled to control an outbreak among Bulgarian seasonal crop pickers near Naples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor of the southern Campania region insisted that the workers who live in an apartment complex with dozens of COVID-19 cases stay inside for just over two weeks, not even emerging for food — authorities will deliver groceries to them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "No Coronavirus Spike From Black Lives Matter Protests in Bay Area, Experts Say",
"headTitle": "No Coronavirus Spike From Black Lives Matter Protests in Bay Area, Experts Say | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Friday, June 26, 2020\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Bay Area, as the region battles the coronavirus pandemic, tens of thousands have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822277/bay-area-george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfews\">taken\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822277/bay-area-george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfews\">to\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822277/bay-area-george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfews\">the\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822277/bay-area-george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfews\">streets\u003c/a> in cities like Oakland, San Francisco and San Rafael to protest the killing of George Floyd and to demand systemic changes in policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"National Bureau of Economic Research working paper\"]‘We find no evidence that net COVID-19 case growth differentially rose following the onset of Black Lives Matter protests, and even modest evidence of a small longer-run case growth decline.’[/pullquote]Many Bay Area cities announced support for the right to protest injustice and encouraged people to stay safe by wearing masks and washing hands. But maintaining physical distance at some of the protests was virtually impossible, and health officials worried that marching crowds, protesters huddled together to listen to speeches, and throngs of demonstrators pressed up against police lines would lead to a surge in coronavirus transmissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bay Area health officials and experts say that while COVID-19 cases are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1964968/charts-the-bay-area-is-opening-up-again-heres-tracking-data-for-each-county-to-see-how-its-going\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rising —\u003c/a> some counties have seen troubling spikes recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1964968/charts-the-bay-area-is-opening-up-again-heres-tracking-data-for-each-county-to-see-how-its-going\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">—\u003c/a> they see little indication so far that the protests are the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Alameda County, evidence has yet to emerge weeks after the peak of the demonstrations that they have significantly contributed to a spike in case counts, says Dr. Nick Moss, acting director of the Division of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention at the county health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We investigate every reported COVID-19 case and try to elicit where they may have been exposed,” Moss said. “This includes a specific question related to mass gatherings, including protests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attending protests, Moss said, is “not emerging as a risk for the most recent cases that we’re seeing in the county.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford epidemiologist Yvonne Maldonado has come to the same conclusion. “I was worried that the protests could be super-spreader events,” she said. “It turns out, the bottom line is it doesn’t look like that happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirsten Bibbons-Domingo, chair of the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department at UCSF, says the rise in coronavirus cases and hospitalizations in California “has as much to do with just reopening the economy as it does with any discrete events like the protests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upticks in cases do not coincide with the timing or locations where the protests took place, she said, though making a final determination on that is difficult without more testing and enough contact tracers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco does not have data related to protesters who have tested positive because the testing sites are not asking people if they have recently participated in demonstrations, city spokesperson Cristina Padilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is still analyzing whether the protests contributed to the growing number of infections, Gov. Gavin Newsom said Wednesday, by reviewing COVID-19 case and hospitalization data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total number of cases and hospitalizations in the state has surged. Newsom on Monday said more than 35% of the state’s caseload emerged in the previous two weeks, spurring him to issue an order that residents throughout California wear face masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor discouraged people from assuming, based on early reports, that the virus doesn’t spread at protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Use common sense,” Newsom said. “Just because someone else did something that is not good for their public health doesn’t mean that you should do something that’s not good for your public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Sonia Angell, director of the California Department of Public Health, said she thinks the protests could be “a contributor” to the state’s rising cases, but she said it “is difficult to tease out exactly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time the people were going out to protest, we also had increased movement for other reasons in our community because our economy is also opening up and people are going out,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angell encouraged Californians to practice physical distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County officials are encouraging people who attended demonstrations to get tested at \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/2019-ncov/testing.aspx\">sites\u003c/a> in Oakland, Berkeley or other areas throughout the county. People do not need insurance, and they will not be asked about their immigration status, according to the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials say they are also offering \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-how-get-tested-coronavirus\">free\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-how-get-tested-coronavirus\">COVID\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-how-get-tested-coronavirus\">-19 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-how-get-tested-coronavirus\">testing\u003c/a> for people who have attended a recent protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So What Happened?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts say the lack of a protest-related surge might be attributed to several factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outdoors settings, where the virus doesn’t spread as well, and the wearing of masks likely lowered the rates of transmission, says Bibbins-Domingo. “What I saw on television — many people, most people were wearing masks,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters may also be younger and therefore have mild symptoms or be asymptomatic, she added, and those infections would not have registered in case totals because there is less incentive for people to get tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She urged those who took part in the large gatherings to get a test, because they could still be spreading the virus unwittingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did the Protests Actually \u003cem>Lower\u003c/em> Transmission?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One counterintuitive finding about the protests and the coronavirus comes in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w27408.pdf\">working\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w27408.pdf\">paper\u003c/a> released by the National Bureau of Economic Research. The researchers analyzed federal coronavirus data and matched it up with cellphone records to come to the conclusion that while many people took to the streets to protest, the images of unrest, police violence and vandalism may have spurred many more to stay home. Therefore, the protests could have had the net effect of limiting movement, which would have curtailed the spread of the virus in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find no evidence that net COVID-19 case growth differentially rose following the onset of Black Lives Matter protests, and even modest evidence of a small longer-run case growth decline,” the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bibbins-Domingo says mass participation in protests shows that there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/internal-medicine/police-tactics-covid-public-health#.Xtgatp56q7E.twitter\">ways\u003c/a> to lower the risks posed by the coronavirus through precautions like face coverings, testing, and potentially post-event quarantines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she emphasizes proceeding cautiously. “I wouldn’t take as proof that you didn’t have a big uptick after one protest or a few protests … that the virus is no longer a threat,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Friday, June 26, 2020\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Bay Area, as the region battles the coronavirus pandemic, tens of thousands have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822277/bay-area-george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfews\">taken\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822277/bay-area-george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfews\">to\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822277/bay-area-george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfews\">the\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822277/bay-area-george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfews\">streets\u003c/a> in cities like Oakland, San Francisco and San Rafael to protest the killing of George Floyd and to demand systemic changes in policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Many Bay Area cities announced support for the right to protest injustice and encouraged people to stay safe by wearing masks and washing hands. But maintaining physical distance at some of the protests was virtually impossible, and health officials worried that marching crowds, protesters huddled together to listen to speeches, and throngs of demonstrators pressed up against police lines would lead to a surge in coronavirus transmissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bay Area health officials and experts say that while COVID-19 cases are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1964968/charts-the-bay-area-is-opening-up-again-heres-tracking-data-for-each-county-to-see-how-its-going\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rising —\u003c/a> some counties have seen troubling spikes recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1964968/charts-the-bay-area-is-opening-up-again-heres-tracking-data-for-each-county-to-see-how-its-going\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">—\u003c/a> they see little indication so far that the protests are the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Alameda County, evidence has yet to emerge weeks after the peak of the demonstrations that they have significantly contributed to a spike in case counts, says Dr. Nick Moss, acting director of the Division of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention at the county health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We investigate every reported COVID-19 case and try to elicit where they may have been exposed,” Moss said. “This includes a specific question related to mass gatherings, including protests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attending protests, Moss said, is “not emerging as a risk for the most recent cases that we’re seeing in the county.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford epidemiologist Yvonne Maldonado has come to the same conclusion. “I was worried that the protests could be super-spreader events,” she said. “It turns out, the bottom line is it doesn’t look like that happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirsten Bibbons-Domingo, chair of the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department at UCSF, says the rise in coronavirus cases and hospitalizations in California “has as much to do with just reopening the economy as it does with any discrete events like the protests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upticks in cases do not coincide with the timing or locations where the protests took place, she said, though making a final determination on that is difficult without more testing and enough contact tracers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco does not have data related to protesters who have tested positive because the testing sites are not asking people if they have recently participated in demonstrations, city spokesperson Cristina Padilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is still analyzing whether the protests contributed to the growing number of infections, Gov. Gavin Newsom said Wednesday, by reviewing COVID-19 case and hospitalization data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total number of cases and hospitalizations in the state has surged. Newsom on Monday said more than 35% of the state’s caseload emerged in the previous two weeks, spurring him to issue an order that residents throughout California wear face masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor discouraged people from assuming, based on early reports, that the virus doesn’t spread at protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Use common sense,” Newsom said. “Just because someone else did something that is not good for their public health doesn’t mean that you should do something that’s not good for your public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Sonia Angell, director of the California Department of Public Health, said she thinks the protests could be “a contributor” to the state’s rising cases, but she said it “is difficult to tease out exactly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time the people were going out to protest, we also had increased movement for other reasons in our community because our economy is also opening up and people are going out,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angell encouraged Californians to practice physical distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County officials are encouraging people who attended demonstrations to get tested at \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/2019-ncov/testing.aspx\">sites\u003c/a> in Oakland, Berkeley or other areas throughout the county. People do not need insurance, and they will not be asked about their immigration status, according to the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials say they are also offering \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-how-get-tested-coronavirus\">free\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-how-get-tested-coronavirus\">COVID\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-how-get-tested-coronavirus\">-19 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/find-out-how-get-tested-coronavirus\">testing\u003c/a> for people who have attended a recent protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So What Happened?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts say the lack of a protest-related surge might be attributed to several factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outdoors settings, where the virus doesn’t spread as well, and the wearing of masks likely lowered the rates of transmission, says Bibbins-Domingo. “What I saw on television — many people, most people were wearing masks,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters may also be younger and therefore have mild symptoms or be asymptomatic, she added, and those infections would not have registered in case totals because there is less incentive for people to get tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She urged those who took part in the large gatherings to get a test, because they could still be spreading the virus unwittingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did the Protests Actually \u003cem>Lower\u003c/em> Transmission?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One counterintuitive finding about the protests and the coronavirus comes in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w27408.pdf\">working\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w27408.pdf\">paper\u003c/a> released by the National Bureau of Economic Research. The researchers analyzed federal coronavirus data and matched it up with cellphone records to come to the conclusion that while many people took to the streets to protest, the images of unrest, police violence and vandalism may have spurred many more to stay home. Therefore, the protests could have had the net effect of limiting movement, which would have curtailed the spread of the virus in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find no evidence that net COVID-19 case growth differentially rose following the onset of Black Lives Matter protests, and even modest evidence of a small longer-run case growth decline,” the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bibbins-Domingo says mass participation in protests shows that there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/internal-medicine/police-tactics-covid-public-health#.Xtgatp56q7E.twitter\">ways\u003c/a> to lower the risks posed by the coronavirus through precautions like face coverings, testing, and potentially post-event quarantines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she emphasizes proceeding cautiously. “I wouldn’t take as proof that you didn’t have a big uptick after one protest or a few protests … that the virus is no longer a threat,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bayer Will Pay Up to $10.9 Billion to Settle Monsanto Roundup Claims, Company Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bayer will pay up to $10.9 billion to settle litigation over the subsidiary Monsanto’s weed killer Roundup, which has faced thousands of lawsuits over claims it causes cancer, the German-based company said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer said it was also paying up to $1.22 billion to settle two additional areas of intense litigation, one involving PCB in water, and one involving dicamba, another weed killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said the Roundup settlement involves about 125,000 filed and unfiled claims. Under the agreement, Bayer will make a payment of $8.8 billion to $9.6 billion to resolve current litigation, and $1.25 billion to address potential future litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any future settlements are subject to approval by Judge Vince Chhabria of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First and foremost, the Roundup settlement is the right action at the right time for Bayer to bring a long period of uncertainty to an end,” Bayer CEO Werner Baumann said in a statement. “It resolves most current claims and puts in place a clear mechanism to manage risks of potential future litigation. It is financially reasonable when viewed against the significant financial risks of continued, multi-year litigation and the related impacts to our reputation and to our business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto developed glyphosate — a key ingredient in Roundup — in the 1970s. The weed killer has been sold in more than 160 countries and widely used in the U.S. The company has long maintained that it is safe. Bayer said last year that all government regulators that have looked at the issue have rejected a link between cancer and glyphosate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the herbicide came under increasing scrutiny after the France-based International Agency for Research on Cancer, which is part of the World Health Organization, classified it as a “probable human carcinogen” in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawsuits against Monsanto followed. Monsanto has attacked the international research agency’s opinion as an outlier. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says glyphosate is safe for people when used in accordance with label directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer purchased St. Louis-based Monsanto in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, a California jury ordered Monsanto to pay a combined $2.055 billion to a couple claiming that Roundup Ready caused their cancers. It was the third such courtroom loss for Monsanto in California since August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer said Wednesday that the appeals process will continue for those three cases, which are not covered by the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer said it would also pay up to $400 million to settle cases claiming that the weed killer dicamba drifted onto plants that weren’t bred to resist it, killing them. Claimants will be required to provide proof of damage to crop yields and evidence that it was due to dicamba, Bayer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it expects contributions from co-defendant BASF toward the dicamba settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A further payment of up to $820 million will be made to settle “most” claims for exposure to PCB, a highly carcinogenic chemical that Monsanto produced until 1977 and that has been found in U.S. waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer said it would start making payments this year and these would be financed from existing liquidity, future income, proceeds from the sale of its animal health business and the issuance of additional bonds.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bayer will pay up to $10.9 billion to settle litigation over the subsidiary Monsanto’s weed killer Roundup, which has faced thousands of lawsuits over claims it causes cancer, the German-based company said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer said it was also paying up to $1.22 billion to settle two additional areas of intense litigation, one involving PCB in water, and one involving dicamba, another weed killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said the Roundup settlement involves about 125,000 filed and unfiled claims. Under the agreement, Bayer will make a payment of $8.8 billion to $9.6 billion to resolve current litigation, and $1.25 billion to address potential future litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any future settlements are subject to approval by Judge Vince Chhabria of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First and foremost, the Roundup settlement is the right action at the right time for Bayer to bring a long period of uncertainty to an end,” Bayer CEO Werner Baumann said in a statement. “It resolves most current claims and puts in place a clear mechanism to manage risks of potential future litigation. It is financially reasonable when viewed against the significant financial risks of continued, multi-year litigation and the related impacts to our reputation and to our business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto developed glyphosate — a key ingredient in Roundup — in the 1970s. The weed killer has been sold in more than 160 countries and widely used in the U.S. The company has long maintained that it is safe. Bayer said last year that all government regulators that have looked at the issue have rejected a link between cancer and glyphosate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the herbicide came under increasing scrutiny after the France-based International Agency for Research on Cancer, which is part of the World Health Organization, classified it as a “probable human carcinogen” in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawsuits against Monsanto followed. Monsanto has attacked the international research agency’s opinion as an outlier. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says glyphosate is safe for people when used in accordance with label directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer purchased St. Louis-based Monsanto in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, a California jury ordered Monsanto to pay a combined $2.055 billion to a couple claiming that Roundup Ready caused their cancers. It was the third such courtroom loss for Monsanto in California since August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer said Wednesday that the appeals process will continue for those three cases, which are not covered by the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer said it would also pay up to $400 million to settle cases claiming that the weed killer dicamba drifted onto plants that weren’t bred to resist it, killing them. Claimants will be required to provide proof of damage to crop yields and evidence that it was due to dicamba, Bayer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it expects contributions from co-defendant BASF toward the dicamba settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A further payment of up to $820 million will be made to settle “most” claims for exposure to PCB, a highly carcinogenic chemical that Monsanto produced until 1977 and that has been found in U.S. waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer said it would start making payments this year and these would be financed from existing liquidity, future income, proceeds from the sale of its animal health business and the issuance of additional bonds.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the beginning of the coronavirus crisis, Margo Henderson ordered a lot of takeout pizza and quesadillas. But she worried that the greasy comfort foods she indulged in at the pandemic’s outset had nudged her down a slippery slope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]‘I grew up pretty much on an all-beige diet,” says Margo Henderson. “I [had] the palate of a 4-year-old until I was 25.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For most of her 29 years, Henderson has grappled with an eating disorder that caused a deep aversion, even disgust, for most foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I grew up pretty much on an all-beige diet,” she said, perched on the edge of her weathered leather couch in a sparsely furnished San Francisco apartment. “Absolutely nothing green. No fruits or vegetables. I pretty much had the palate of a 4-year-old until I was 25.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When she was a child, her mother tried bribing her with treats. Sometimes her mom refused to let her leave the table if she didn’t eat something other than bread and pasta. When those tactics failed, her mother dragged her to pediatricians, dieticians and even a hypnotist. The specialists shrugged off her intolerant palate as age-related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But fussy eating was more than a phase. Even into adulthood, Henderson preferred the kids menu. She cringed at the sight and smell of certain foods, especially cold and crunchy items like salads or pickles. Her stomach lurched when she neared the produce section of a grocery story. While a lot of people will opt for the fries instead of the salad, just the sight of lettuce next to a burger nauseated Henderson. Her worst nightmare was a boxed lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Like, God forbid someone gave me a turkey sandwich with soggy lettuce and tomato that’s been all touching,” said Henderson. \u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>\u003c/span>Even if you were sitting next to me eating a carrot stick or a celery stick, I’d gag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the years passed, her limited diet led to greater isolation. She always had a menu of excuses at the ready in case of invitations: Let’s just do drinks. I’m not hungry. I don’t want dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Food was such an anxious thing in my life,” she said. “I definitely tried to steer away from it. I had such a strong physical reaction to being around food, let alone eating it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Though Henderson was never diagnosed with any medical complications stemming from her restricted eating habits, she frequently felt sluggish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It definitely affected my energy level,” she said. “My skin was really gray-looking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She knew something was wrong, but what? She didn’t have a name for it, let alone a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>A New Diagnosis\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Then one night while surfing the web, Henderson stumbled across a link on \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725687/pdf/ndt-12-213.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, or ARFID. She was stunned. For the first time in her life, she read about other people who were repulsed by certain flavors, aromas and textures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Doctors are still studying what causes the illness. Unlike other eating disorders, it’s not related to body image. Early research suggests that people who have ARFID are not just extreme versions of a choosy young eater, but potentially “supertasters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Meaning that their palates are much more sensitive and they taste things in a really intense way,” said Erin Accurso, clinical director of the UCSF Eating Disorders Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A traumatic event like a choking incident or a bad case of food poisoning can trigger the disorder, Accurso says. Over time, someone’s initially small roster of disliked foods tends to lengthen, until their eating selection has become uncommonly narrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Common \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24343807/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">behaviors\u003c/span>\u003c/a> include food avoidance, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and fear of vomiting. Eventually, ARFID can lead to nutritional deficiencies, weight loss and depression. One British \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/L19-0361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">teenager\u003c/a> who ate only chips, sausages, processed ham and white bread lost his sight permanently after malnutrition led to optic nerve damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Henderson and her doctors speculate her sensitivities stemmed from a childhood illness called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2018/06/410786/unbearable-sensation-being-living-sensory-processing-disorder\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">sensory processing disorder\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“I think my brain incorrectly processed sensory information like the textures and smells of foods,” said Henderson. “Instead of recognizing some foods as healthy, my brain would try to protect me. That’s how I developed a gag reflex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Doctors Treating More Cases\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">ARFID is a recent addition to the psychiatric bible, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, or DSM-5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Accurso says preliminary studies suggest about \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725687/pdf/ndt-12-213.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">1 in 20\u003c/span>\u003c/a> kids may have the illness. Nancy Zucker, director of the Duke Center for Eating Disorders, says about 30% of calls to the center were related to ARFID between November and January last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an illness that we are really hearing more about in our field,” said Claire Mysko, the chief executive officer of the National Eating Disorders Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6534269/pdf/nihms-995861.pdf\">Research\u003c/a>\u003c/span> suggests the disorder can occur in individuals of all ages, although it usually presents before age 12 and is more common in males. Experts theorize that doctors routinely misdiagnose ARFID for anorexia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Clinicians are experimenting with treatments. Henderson’s doctors helped her dissect her reflexive aversions to foods like kale and cucumber juice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Oh, it’s green, and the thought is like, green is bad, vegetables are bad,” Henderson said. “And it’s kind of funny when you really sit there to break down your thoughts, you’re like, these are kind of ridiculous statements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Over time, counselors encouraged her to try foods she despised. Then they would role-play social eating situations to help relieve anxiety around meals. Just as the coronavirus was starting to spread, Henderson was enjoying eating out with friends for the first time in her life. Now, she is using the forced time at home to sharpen her cooking skills; she eats healthier when she’s the chef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think it has something to do with control,” she said, smiling.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the beginning of the coronavirus crisis, Margo Henderson ordered a lot of takeout pizza and quesadillas. But she worried that the greasy comfort foods she indulged in at the pandemic’s outset had nudged her down a slippery slope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For most of her 29 years, Henderson has grappled with an eating disorder that caused a deep aversion, even disgust, for most foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I grew up pretty much on an all-beige diet,” she said, perched on the edge of her weathered leather couch in a sparsely furnished San Francisco apartment. “Absolutely nothing green. No fruits or vegetables. I pretty much had the palate of a 4-year-old until I was 25.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When she was a child, her mother tried bribing her with treats. Sometimes her mom refused to let her leave the table if she didn’t eat something other than bread and pasta. When those tactics failed, her mother dragged her to pediatricians, dieticians and even a hypnotist. The specialists shrugged off her intolerant palate as age-related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But fussy eating was more than a phase. Even into adulthood, Henderson preferred the kids menu. She cringed at the sight and smell of certain foods, especially cold and crunchy items like salads or pickles. Her stomach lurched when she neared the produce section of a grocery story. While a lot of people will opt for the fries instead of the salad, just the sight of lettuce next to a burger nauseated Henderson. Her worst nightmare was a boxed lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Like, God forbid someone gave me a turkey sandwich with soggy lettuce and tomato that’s been all touching,” said Henderson. \u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>\u003c/span>Even if you were sitting next to me eating a carrot stick or a celery stick, I’d gag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the years passed, her limited diet led to greater isolation. She always had a menu of excuses at the ready in case of invitations: Let’s just do drinks. I’m not hungry. I don’t want dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Food was such an anxious thing in my life,” she said. “I definitely tried to steer away from it. I had such a strong physical reaction to being around food, let alone eating it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Though Henderson was never diagnosed with any medical complications stemming from her restricted eating habits, she frequently felt sluggish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It definitely affected my energy level,” she said. “My skin was really gray-looking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She knew something was wrong, but what? She didn’t have a name for it, let alone a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>A New Diagnosis\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Then one night while surfing the web, Henderson stumbled across a link on \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725687/pdf/ndt-12-213.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, or ARFID. She was stunned. For the first time in her life, she read about other people who were repulsed by certain flavors, aromas and textures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Doctors are still studying what causes the illness. Unlike other eating disorders, it’s not related to body image. Early research suggests that people who have ARFID are not just extreme versions of a choosy young eater, but potentially “supertasters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Meaning that their palates are much more sensitive and they taste things in a really intense way,” said Erin Accurso, clinical director of the UCSF Eating Disorders Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A traumatic event like a choking incident or a bad case of food poisoning can trigger the disorder, Accurso says. Over time, someone’s initially small roster of disliked foods tends to lengthen, until their eating selection has become uncommonly narrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Common \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24343807/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">behaviors\u003c/span>\u003c/a> include food avoidance, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and fear of vomiting. Eventually, ARFID can lead to nutritional deficiencies, weight loss and depression. One British \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/L19-0361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">teenager\u003c/a> who ate only chips, sausages, processed ham and white bread lost his sight permanently after malnutrition led to optic nerve damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Henderson and her doctors speculate her sensitivities stemmed from a childhood illness called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2018/06/410786/unbearable-sensation-being-living-sensory-processing-disorder\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">sensory processing disorder\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“I think my brain incorrectly processed sensory information like the textures and smells of foods,” said Henderson. “Instead of recognizing some foods as healthy, my brain would try to protect me. That’s how I developed a gag reflex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Doctors Treating More Cases\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">ARFID is a recent addition to the psychiatric bible, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, or DSM-5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Accurso says preliminary studies suggest about \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725687/pdf/ndt-12-213.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">1 in 20\u003c/span>\u003c/a> kids may have the illness. Nancy Zucker, director of the Duke Center for Eating Disorders, says about 30% of calls to the center were related to ARFID between November and January last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an illness that we are really hearing more about in our field,” said Claire Mysko, the chief executive officer of the National Eating Disorders Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6534269/pdf/nihms-995861.pdf\">Research\u003c/a>\u003c/span> suggests the disorder can occur in individuals of all ages, although it usually presents before age 12 and is more common in males. Experts theorize that doctors routinely misdiagnose ARFID for anorexia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Clinicians are experimenting with treatments. Henderson’s doctors helped her dissect her reflexive aversions to foods like kale and cucumber juice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Oh, it’s green, and the thought is like, green is bad, vegetables are bad,” Henderson said. “And it’s kind of funny when you really sit there to break down your thoughts, you’re like, these are kind of ridiculous statements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Over time, counselors encouraged her to try foods she despised. Then they would role-play social eating situations to help relieve anxiety around meals. Just as the coronavirus was starting to spread, Henderson was enjoying eating out with friends for the first time in her life. Now, she is using the forced time at home to sharpen her cooking skills; she eats healthier when she’s the chef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think it has something to do with control,” she said, smiling.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">Weathering a pandemic offers the perfect recipe for exacerbating an eating disorder: stress, anxiety and solitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]‘You’re not skinny enough to warrant care. There were literally times … where I was losing weight so I could get treatment.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">This spring, the National Eating Disorders Association saw a 78% increase over last year in people sending messages to its helpline. Crisis Text Line, another nonprofit, is receiving 50% more texts about eating disorders now than before the coronavirus outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that eating disorders thrive in isolation, and people with eating disorders are very good at keeping their behavior secret,” said Claire Mysko, the chief executive officer of the National Eating Disorders Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The vast majority of helpline requests come from young women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Annie, a 27-year-old San Francisco resident, is surviving the coronavirus crisis, but it hasn’t been easy. (At her request, we’re using only Annie’s first name to protect her privacy.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maintaining recovery now is harder than before the pandemic,” she said. “I have so much more time with my thoughts right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Restricting food is one way to take control when the outside world feels chaotic. The illness Annie grapples with is called atypical anorexia nervosa, also known as higher weight anorexia. The disease has led her to experience all the classic anorexic symptoms but one: While in the past she has obsessively dieted, overexercised, and suffered from a distorted body image, she did not become emaciated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are people who are starving themselves but don’t look the part,” said Mysko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>Same Illness, Bigger Body\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“This idea that one could have anorexia nervosa at a higher weight or a seemingly normal weight is a very new concept,” said Andrea Garber, the chief nutritionist at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/clinics/eating_disorders_program/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">UCSF Eating Disorders Program\u003c/span>.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A recent UCSF\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/144/6/e20192339?sso=1&sso_redirect_count=1&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003ci>Pediatrics\u003c/i> found that atypical anorexia patients are just as likely as their underweight counterparts to have a slow heart rate, menstrual dysfunction and electrolyte imbalance. They may also experience an orthostatic heart rate increase, which normally occurs when someone lying down stands up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re not eating enough calories to sustain your body’s basic metabolic needs, it is bad for your health no matter what your starting weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“If they lose the same amount of weight, over the same period of time, they will be just as malnourished and just as medically unstable as a so-called skinny kid,” said Garber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For all types of anorexia, these medical complications can result from behaviors like binging, purging, starving and overexercising. Anorexia affects\u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/eating-disorders.shtml\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> less than 1% \u003c/span>\u003c/a>of Americans, but its 5% mortality rate is higher than for any other psychiatric illness, and similar to the rates for childhood cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In Annie’s case, she used food to regulate the emotions she experienced after a series of childhood traumas. She was sexually abused by someone outside her family. Her father had cancer. Her parents divorced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think I just became super-overwhelmed with a lot of things, and I just stopped eating,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When she was 8, she refused solid foods, surviving mostly on liquids. “All those sort of negative emotions like sadness and grief disappeared because I didn’t have the energy to feel them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Eventually, things settled down at home. She started eating again in the fourth grade, but relapsed in high school when her body suddenly felt too big. Her hips spread, and within a year she grew 7 inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I didn’t feel at home in my body,” she said. “If I could restrict my food and get my body to the way that felt safe, then I felt safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She wouldn’t allow herself to eat more than 500 calories a day. After school at cross-country practice, she ran until collapse. When she stepped on her scale, the numbers started to go way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“My doctor saw my weight,” said Annie. “He was like, ‘Do you eat?’ And I said, ‘Well, yeah. I eat.’ And he was like, ‘OK.’ And that was it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Because Annie’s doctor knew she was a long-distance runner, he did not question the weight loss. Yet she was also anemic, stopped menstruating, passed out after races and sustained stress fractures, likely due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/eating-disorder/osteoporosis-bone-density-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">low bone-mineral density\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She judged herself harshly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It was just this overwhelming self-hatred,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Even though she dreamed of elaborate meals at night, she resisted any urge to indulge. The less she ate, the better she felt emotionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>I felt like it was this thing that I was just so good at,” said Annie. “I felt like even if everything else was going wrong, at least I was losing weight, because that meant I was doing well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the years passed, Annie landed in the hospital more and more. In her early 20s, she was hospitalized 10 times in less than two years. During one episode, her heart slowed to a dangerously low 20 beats per minute, three times below normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>Too Heavy to Treat\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Despite her medical problems, Annie didn’t qualify under her insurance plan for in-patient treatment, where she could have received counseling and assistance with meals. She wasn’t covered because her body mass index, which measures body fat relative to height and weight, was slightly too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I was denied treatment for the psychological aspect of my care, which is a very hard thing to hear as an eating disorder patient,” she said. “You’re not skinny enough to warrant care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She said a few years ago, “There were literally times … where I was losing weight so I could get treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Finally, doctors at UCSF helped Annie petition her insurance carrier to cover residential treatment based on the diagnosis of atypical anorexia nervosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>Recovery\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">After two rounds of residential treatment, Annie feels healthy, though, “I wouldn’t call myself recovered,” she said. “If I do get sick or miss a couple meals just out of circumstances, the thoughts start to come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">These days, those thoughts do circle around in her head more than usual. During the early days of the pandemic, she became triggered when witnessing people swarming the grocery store aisles and overloading their carts with food. Her stress level spiked even more when she lost her job. Social media was a landmine, because it’s filled with jokes about gaining the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-8128075/People-share-hilarious-tweets-gaining-weight-quarantine.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">COVID 19\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,” a play on the notorious “freshman 15” pounds that some people put on during their first year of college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But her weekly video therapy sessions offer a crucial anchor in these otherwise unstructured days. This fall she starts medical school on a full scholarship to study pediatrics, and she is looking forward to the regular schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Someday she hopes to help young people with eating disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">This spring, the National Eating Disorders Association saw a 78% increase over last year in people sending messages to its helpline. Crisis Text Line, another nonprofit, is receiving 50% more texts about eating disorders now than before the coronavirus outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that eating disorders thrive in isolation, and people with eating disorders are very good at keeping their behavior secret,” said Claire Mysko, the chief executive officer of the National Eating Disorders Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The vast majority of helpline requests come from young women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Annie, a 27-year-old San Francisco resident, is surviving the coronavirus crisis, but it hasn’t been easy. (At her request, we’re using only Annie’s first name to protect her privacy.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maintaining recovery now is harder than before the pandemic,” she said. “I have so much more time with my thoughts right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Restricting food is one way to take control when the outside world feels chaotic. The illness Annie grapples with is called atypical anorexia nervosa, also known as higher weight anorexia. The disease has led her to experience all the classic anorexic symptoms but one: While in the past she has obsessively dieted, overexercised, and suffered from a distorted body image, she did not become emaciated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are people who are starving themselves but don’t look the part,” said Mysko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>Same Illness, Bigger Body\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“This idea that one could have anorexia nervosa at a higher weight or a seemingly normal weight is a very new concept,” said Andrea Garber, the chief nutritionist at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/clinics/eating_disorders_program/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">UCSF Eating Disorders Program\u003c/span>.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A recent UCSF\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/144/6/e20192339?sso=1&sso_redirect_count=1&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003ci>Pediatrics\u003c/i> found that atypical anorexia patients are just as likely as their underweight counterparts to have a slow heart rate, menstrual dysfunction and electrolyte imbalance. They may also experience an orthostatic heart rate increase, which normally occurs when someone lying down stands up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re not eating enough calories to sustain your body’s basic metabolic needs, it is bad for your health no matter what your starting weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“If they lose the same amount of weight, over the same period of time, they will be just as malnourished and just as medically unstable as a so-called skinny kid,” said Garber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For all types of anorexia, these medical complications can result from behaviors like binging, purging, starving and overexercising. Anorexia affects\u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/eating-disorders.shtml\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> less than 1% \u003c/span>\u003c/a>of Americans, but its 5% mortality rate is higher than for any other psychiatric illness, and similar to the rates for childhood cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In Annie’s case, she used food to regulate the emotions she experienced after a series of childhood traumas. She was sexually abused by someone outside her family. Her father had cancer. Her parents divorced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think I just became super-overwhelmed with a lot of things, and I just stopped eating,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When she was 8, she refused solid foods, surviving mostly on liquids. “All those sort of negative emotions like sadness and grief disappeared because I didn’t have the energy to feel them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Eventually, things settled down at home. She started eating again in the fourth grade, but relapsed in high school when her body suddenly felt too big. Her hips spread, and within a year she grew 7 inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I didn’t feel at home in my body,” she said. “If I could restrict my food and get my body to the way that felt safe, then I felt safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She wouldn’t allow herself to eat more than 500 calories a day. After school at cross-country practice, she ran until collapse. When she stepped on her scale, the numbers started to go way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“My doctor saw my weight,” said Annie. “He was like, ‘Do you eat?’ And I said, ‘Well, yeah. I eat.’ And he was like, ‘OK.’ And that was it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Because Annie’s doctor knew she was a long-distance runner, he did not question the weight loss. Yet she was also anemic, stopped menstruating, passed out after races and sustained stress fractures, likely due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/eating-disorder/osteoporosis-bone-density-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">low bone-mineral density\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She judged herself harshly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It was just this overwhelming self-hatred,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Even though she dreamed of elaborate meals at night, she resisted any urge to indulge. The less she ate, the better she felt emotionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>I felt like it was this thing that I was just so good at,” said Annie. “I felt like even if everything else was going wrong, at least I was losing weight, because that meant I was doing well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the years passed, Annie landed in the hospital more and more. In her early 20s, she was hospitalized 10 times in less than two years. During one episode, her heart slowed to a dangerously low 20 beats per minute, three times below normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>Too Heavy to Treat\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Despite her medical problems, Annie didn’t qualify under her insurance plan for in-patient treatment, where she could have received counseling and assistance with meals. She wasn’t covered because her body mass index, which measures body fat relative to height and weight, was slightly too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I was denied treatment for the psychological aspect of my care, which is a very hard thing to hear as an eating disorder patient,” she said. “You’re not skinny enough to warrant care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She said a few years ago, “There were literally times … where I was losing weight so I could get treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Finally, doctors at UCSF helped Annie petition her insurance carrier to cover residential treatment based on the diagnosis of atypical anorexia nervosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>Recovery\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">After two rounds of residential treatment, Annie feels healthy, though, “I wouldn’t call myself recovered,” she said. “If I do get sick or miss a couple meals just out of circumstances, the thoughts start to come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">These days, those thoughts do circle around in her head more than usual. During the early days of the pandemic, she became triggered when witnessing people swarming the grocery store aisles and overloading their carts with food. Her stress level spiked even more when she lost her job. Social media was a landmine, because it’s filled with jokes about gaining the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-8128075/People-share-hilarious-tweets-gaining-weight-quarantine.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">COVID 19\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,” a play on the notorious “freshman 15” pounds that some people put on during their first year of college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But her weekly video therapy sessions offer a crucial anchor in these otherwise unstructured days. This fall she starts medical school on a full scholarship to study pediatrics, and she is looking forward to the regular schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Someday she hopes to help young people with eating disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
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