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Lawmakers recently \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/25/brown-schwarzenegger-celebrate-extension-of-cap-and-trade/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extended the state’s cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> -- a market-based system to limit emissions -- and state utilities are moving toward generating 60 percent renewable energy by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Proterra’s New Factory\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the electric bus companies that hopes to win future contracts with the agency just got to work in Los Angeles' City of Industry. Proterra’s $20 million West Coast facility opened there officially with a big party on July 26, which Gov. Jerry Brown attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m really impressed with people who invent stuff, who make stuff, who use their hands,\" Brown said at the ceremony. \"In my business we only use our mouths -- that’s our big expertise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11604382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11604382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-800x643.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Mottram (L), plant manager, and T.J. Nass, customer program manager at Proterra's City of Industry facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-800x643.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-1020x820.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-1180x948.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-960x772.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-240x193.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-375x301.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-520x418.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Mottram (L), plant manager, and T.J. Nass, customer program manager, at Proterra's City of Industry facility. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Proterra has sold about 400 buses to transit agencies all over the country, including in the Central Valley. Their buses are already on the roads in Seattle, San Antonio, Stockton and Reno. And, they make up the entire fleet for nearby Foothill Transit in the San Gabriel Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m hoping to get to the point where Tesla is called the Proterra of carmakers, but we’re not quite there yet,” said Proterra CEO and president Ryan Popple. He previously served as the senior director of finance for Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proterra was founded in 2004 and began assembling their electric buses in Greenville, South Carolina. Their new facility in City of Industry is meant to serve West Coast transit agencies. The company’s headquarters in Burlingame is also the location of its battery testing facility.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "L.A. plans to convert its bus fleet to 100 percent electric by 2030. And it says it will spend around $100 million a year in contracts.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There's a highly charged competition going on in Los Angeles right now, and it’s between manufacturers of electric buses. Transit agencies around the country are going electric. San Francisco has been buying biodiesel hybrid buses and electric trolleys for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles wants to go electric, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A.'s transit agency, \u003ca href=\"https://www.metro.net/\">Metro\u003c/a>, has a goal of converting its bus fleet to 100 percent electric by 2030. The agency says it will spend around $100 million a year in contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are at least 10 companies in Southern California making and selling battery electric buses. The biggest is the Chinese company \u003ca href=\"http://www.byd.com/usa/bus/\">BYD\u003c/a>, which has a factory in Lancaster employing over 500 people, and \u003ca href=\"http://ebus.com/\">Ebus\u003c/a> in Downey. The Silicon Valley startup \u003ca href=\"https://www.proterra.com/\">Proterra\u003c/a>, with a new assembly plant in City of Industry, likens itself to the Tesla of electric buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is it possible the capital of car culture is advancing the art of the humble bus, even as Metro currently grapples with a fall in bus ridership?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re basically becoming the Detroit of electric transportation,” says Jeff Joyner, co-chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://laedc.org/our-services/initiatives/e4-mobility-alliance/\">E4 Mobility Alliance\u003c/a>, an industry council working to bring advanced transportation to the Southland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had the supply chain from the aerospace industry … so those same engineers and those same companies that were supplying motors and various capacitors and technologies related to batteries are now supplying this advanced transportation industry,” according to Joyner.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Metro Prepares to Go Electric\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To get an idea of what’s at stake here, consider a contract the Metro board approved on July 27. The agency agreed to spend more than $138 million for \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-metro-electric-buses-20170727-story.html\">95 buses\u003c/a> from the Canadian company \u003ca href=\"https://www.newflyer.com/\">New Flyer\u003c/a>, which has a service center in Ontario, California, and the Chinese-owned BYD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These buses will run on Metro’s Orange Line busway in the San Fernando Valley and in the Silver Line carpool lane along the Harbor and San Bernardino freeways. It’s the agency’s cautious first step toward its 2030 zero-emission bus goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, Metro fully replaced its diesel buses with compressed natural gas (CNG) buses that are nearly as clean as their electric counterparts. It is still buying CNG buses, even as it moves toward converting its entire fleet of 2,300 buses to all-electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metro’s goal of going all-electric by 2030 fits with the state’s clean energy goals. Lawmakers recently \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/25/brown-schwarzenegger-celebrate-extension-of-cap-and-trade/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extended the state’s cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> -- a market-based system to limit emissions -- and state utilities are moving toward generating 60 percent renewable energy by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Proterra’s New Factory\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the electric bus companies that hopes to win future contracts with the agency just got to work in Los Angeles' City of Industry. Proterra’s $20 million West Coast facility opened there officially with a big party on July 26, which Gov. Jerry Brown attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m really impressed with people who invent stuff, who make stuff, who use their hands,\" Brown said at the ceremony. \"In my business we only use our mouths -- that’s our big expertise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11604382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11604382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-800x643.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Mottram (L), plant manager, and T.J. Nass, customer program manager at Proterra's City of Industry facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-800x643.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-1020x820.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-1180x948.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-960x772.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-240x193.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-375x301.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ProterraGuys-520x418.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Mottram (L), plant manager, and T.J. Nass, customer program manager, at Proterra's City of Industry facility. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Proterra has sold about 400 buses to transit agencies all over the country, including in the Central Valley. Their buses are already on the roads in Seattle, San Antonio, Stockton and Reno. And, they make up the entire fleet for nearby Foothill Transit in the San Gabriel Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m hoping to get to the point where Tesla is called the Proterra of carmakers, but we’re not quite there yet,” said Proterra CEO and president Ryan Popple. He previously served as the senior director of finance for Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proterra was founded in 2004 and began assembling their electric buses in Greenville, South Carolina. Their new facility in City of Industry is meant to serve West Coast transit agencies. The company’s headquarters in Burlingame is also the location of its battery testing facility.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam?",
"title": "Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:35 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]F[/dropcap]rom Day 1 of the Oroville spillway crisis in February, the California Department of Water Resources has never wavered in its declarations that, despite the disintegration of the massive concrete flood control outlet and a near-disaster caused by uncontrolled emergency reservoir flows down a rapidly eroding hillside, the stability of the massive dam itself was not and has never been threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those oft-repeated assurances, public questions about the dam's integrity have persisted -- in internet forums, in community meetings and, most recently, in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/21/oroville-dam-spillway-report-alleges-dwr-ferc-negligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> released last week under the auspices of UC Berkeley's Center for Catastrophic Risk Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's in part a reflection of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Oroville-Dam-repair-is-huge-but-so-is-11227869.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public distrust of DWR\u003c/a> after the spillway incident and in part a recognition that anything that seriously compromises the 770-foot-tall dam could endanger tens of thousands of lives, cripple a key element of California's water-supply network and put the state's entire economy at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the questions have focused on an extensive area of moisture on the left side of the dam's downstream face that's known, even to the Department of Water Resources, as \"the green spot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spot, characterized by what state inspectors have termed \"lush\" vegetation during wet seasons that turns into dense thickets of dry weeds by late summer, is clearly visible on satellite images and measures about 700 feet long by 130 feet wide. That's roughly the size of two football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-160x97.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-240x146.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-375x227.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-520x315.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png 846w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image shows Oroville Dam's green spot on April 14, 2015. \u003ccite>(Google Earth)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week's \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3898834/Bea-and-Johnson-ROOT-CAUSES-REPORT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a>, led by internationally known civil engineer and risk management analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/bob-bea-the-master-of-disaster-20130225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Bea\u003c/a>, included several subreports asking whether the moisture at the green spot is a sign that water is leaking through the dam and weakening its inner structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly, DWR officials have tended to dismiss those concerns. In response to questions at community meetings in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_Oroville_20170502.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oroville\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_YubaCity_20170509.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yuba City\u003c/a> in May, for instance, the agency said the green area is due to rainfall, that it first appeared while the dam was under construction, and that it poses no risk to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]B[/dropcap]ut outside public view, documents KQED obtained under the California Public Records Act show the Department of Water Resources has puzzled for years over the source of the seepage feeding the \"green spot\" and has been slow to act on a 2014 recommendation from independent experts to investigate the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR's uncertainty is reflected in a series of dam inspections between February and July 2011 -- Northern California's last wet winter before the five-year drought -- that produced contradictory conclusions about the issue and whether it was a chronic condition or something that appeared only seasonally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 2, 2011, a DWR inspection party hiked to the green spot -- about 200 vertical feet below the top of the massive structure -- and found extensive moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cause of the seepage has yet to be determined,\" wrote Bill Pennington of DWR's Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-800x528.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-240x158.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-375x248.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-520x343.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An April 2014 inspection photograph of the Oroville Dam green spot. State officials say moisture has been observed in this area of the dam's downstream face since before Lake Oroville filled in the late 1960s, but they've never determined the source. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One possibility, he said, was rainwater may have collected -- or become \"perched,\" in engineering parlance -- within the dam's embankment. Another possible source: an area of seepage that had been noted in the dam's abutment during construction in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennington suggested that the area should be monitored and \"unexpected changes should be reported to DSOD.\" In a field notebook, Pennington wrote that Paul Dunlap of DWR's Dam Safety Branch was \"thinking of mapping the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a May 2011 inspection visit, Pennington wrote that \"the long-established wet area at mid-slope on the left end of the dam remains active\" and recommended continued monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2011, with the lake level unseasonably high -- less than 2 feet below the edge of the dam's emergency weir -- DWR's Paul Dunlap returned to check out the green spot. He found it had \"essentially dried up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The drying out of the green spot (especially under high reservoir conditions) provides further evidence that the green spot phenomena on the dam is associated with precipitation or abutment seasonal spring activity and not seepage through the dam,\" Dunlap wrote in a report on his findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598651\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-160x84.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-240x127.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-375x198.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-520x274.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from a 2013 Oroville Dam inspection report noting the effects of moisture from the dam's \"green spot.\" \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]hose periodic observations continued -- sometimes the green spot was wet, sometimes dry -- along with Pennington's repeated recommendation that dam managers figure out how to monitor the area \"so that year to year changes can be recorded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2014, an independent board met to perform the dam's five-year federal safety review. The board's recommendations, released in December, called on DWR officials to investigate the green spot and try to determine whether it posed a threat to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This issue has a high historical profile that needs to be conclusively addressed,\" the consultants commented in one section of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 2014 Part 12D report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said that while much of the dam's behavior was understood, \"one issue that seems to not have been addressed by previous stability analyses is that associated with the green spot on the downstream face of the dam.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consultants' report noted that the final construction report for the dam, which went into service in 1968, indicated that the green spot area was observed even before Lake Oroville began rising behind the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The green spot is believed to be associated with pre-existing natural springs in the downstream left abutment area of the dam foundation,\" the Part 12D report says. The concentration of moisture, the document speculates, could be due to the composition of the rock and earth used to build the dam's downstream embankment. The fill, which may contain excessive volumes of very fine, dense material, \"may prevent free drainage of flows from those underlying springs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four consultants said that although there was no evidence of movement or instability in the green spot area, they recommended the Department of Water Resources investigate to see whether the persistent moisture could pose a risk to the dam, especially in the event an earthquake occurred during a period of particularly wet conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n response, the Department of Water Resources has told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission it intends to answer questions raised in the 2014 safety board report by September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department last year got approval to bore a hole as deep as 150 feet in the dam's left abutment, adjacent to the green spot area. The drilling was to pursue a separate issue raised by the safety board -- the seismic vulnerability of Oroville Dam and nearby facilities. As part of that work, DWR told FERC, it planned to install an instrument for \"monitoring groundwater levels in proximity (to) the historic 'green spot' within the dam embankment. Data collected may provide beneficial in understanding the origin of seepage within the left abutment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a wave of questions raised by the UC Berkeley Center for Catastrophic Risk Management report issued last week, DWR says it's preparing a preliminary report on the green spot as well as a longer-term study of the issue. The report is due out next week, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about DWR's response to the safety board recommendations or suggestions for monitoring made in the department's own inspection reports, Mellon said regular monitoring was ongoing and that \"to date, no issues of concern have been noted.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea, the leader of the UC Berkeley study, says that DWR has been complacent in its response to a host of issues related to the dam, including the green spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think these people are looking at these pieces of evidence and using their logic, 'Well, this dam's been here for 50 years. We've seen these wet spots before, and it's performed satisfactorily,' \" Bea said. \"What they're then concluding is that as you move forward into the future it will continue to perform satisfactorily. That conclusion is premised on a belief there won't be any changes as you move into the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea says that posture is similar to the one the department took to the dam's spillway. The imposing concrete structure had undergone several rounds of extensive repairs before it failed in February. Despite that history of recurring problems, there's no evidence that the department considered the possibility that the spillway might need to be rebuilt, and DWR inspections through last August consistently declared the structure fit for continued use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They kept thinking (that despite) these early warning signs -- 'Yeah, they're unusual, we've got to put concrete patches on those cracks. And yeah, there are voids under the concrete that we'll fill with concrete' -- it's going to remain stable,\" Bea said. \"That proved to be disastrously wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Documents show water officials have puzzled for years over seepage and have been slow to determine whether it poses a risk to dam's stability. ",
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"title": "Is 'Green Spot' a Sign of More Trouble for Oroville Dam? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:35 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>rom Day 1 of the Oroville spillway crisis in February, the California Department of Water Resources has never wavered in its declarations that, despite the disintegration of the massive concrete flood control outlet and a near-disaster caused by uncontrolled emergency reservoir flows down a rapidly eroding hillside, the stability of the massive dam itself was not and has never been threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those oft-repeated assurances, public questions about the dam's integrity have persisted -- in internet forums, in community meetings and, most recently, in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/21/oroville-dam-spillway-report-alleges-dwr-ferc-negligence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> released last week under the auspices of UC Berkeley's Center for Catastrophic Risk Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's in part a reflection of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Oroville-Dam-repair-is-huge-but-so-is-11227869.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public distrust of DWR\u003c/a> after the spillway incident and in part a recognition that anything that seriously compromises the 770-foot-tall dam could endanger tens of thousands of lives, cripple a key element of California's water-supply network and put the state's entire economy at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the questions have focused on an extensive area of moisture on the left side of the dam's downstream face that's known, even to the Department of Water Resources, as \"the green spot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spot, characterized by what state inspectors have termed \"lush\" vegetation during wet seasons that turns into dense thickets of dry weeds by late summer, is clearly visible on satellite images and measures about 700 feet long by 130 feet wide. That's roughly the size of two football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-800x485.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-160x97.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-240x146.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-375x227.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22-520x315.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-11.28.22.png 846w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A satellite image shows Oroville Dam's green spot on April 14, 2015. \u003ccite>(Google Earth)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week's \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3898834/Bea-and-Johnson-ROOT-CAUSES-REPORT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a>, led by internationally known civil engineer and risk management analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/bob-bea-the-master-of-disaster-20130225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Bea\u003c/a>, included several subreports asking whether the moisture at the green spot is a sign that water is leaking through the dam and weakening its inner structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly, DWR officials have tended to dismiss those concerns. In response to questions at community meetings in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_Oroville_20170502.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oroville\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/pdf/2017/summaries/Oro%20Community%20Mtg%20Sum_YubaCity_20170509.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yuba City\u003c/a> in May, for instance, the agency said the green area is due to rainfall, that it first appeared while the dam was under construction, and that it poses no risk to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">B\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ut outside public view, documents KQED obtained under the California Public Records Act show the Department of Water Resources has puzzled for years over the source of the seepage feeding the \"green spot\" and has been slow to act on a 2014 recommendation from independent experts to investigate the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR's uncertainty is reflected in a series of dam inspections between February and July 2011 -- Northern California's last wet winter before the five-year drought -- that produced contradictory conclusions about the issue and whether it was a chronic condition or something that appeared only seasonally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 2, 2011, a DWR inspection party hiked to the green spot -- about 200 vertical feet below the top of the massive structure -- and found extensive moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cause of the seepage has yet to be determined,\" wrote Bill Pennington of DWR's Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-800x528.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-240x158.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-375x248.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-10.13.55-520x343.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An April 2014 inspection photograph of the Oroville Dam green spot. State officials say moisture has been observed in this area of the dam's downstream face since before Lake Oroville filled in the late 1960s, but they've never determined the source. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One possibility, he said, was rainwater may have collected -- or become \"perched,\" in engineering parlance -- within the dam's embankment. Another possible source: an area of seepage that had been noted in the dam's abutment during construction in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennington suggested that the area should be monitored and \"unexpected changes should be reported to DSOD.\" In a field notebook, Pennington wrote that Paul Dunlap of DWR's Dam Safety Branch was \"thinking of mapping the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a May 2011 inspection visit, Pennington wrote that \"the long-established wet area at mid-slope on the left end of the dam remains active\" and recommended continued monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2011, with the lake level unseasonably high -- less than 2 feet below the edge of the dam's emergency weir -- DWR's Paul Dunlap returned to check out the green spot. He found it had \"essentially dried up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The drying out of the green spot (especially under high reservoir conditions) provides further evidence that the green spot phenomena on the dam is associated with precipitation or abutment seasonal spring activity and not seepage through the dam,\" Dunlap wrote in a report on his findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11598651\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11598651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-800x422.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-160x84.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-240x127.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-375x198.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30-520x274.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Screenshot-2017-07-28-09.58.30.png 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from a 2013 Oroville Dam inspection report noting the effects of moisture from the dam's \"green spot.\" \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hose periodic observations continued -- sometimes the green spot was wet, sometimes dry -- along with Pennington's repeated recommendation that dam managers figure out how to monitor the area \"so that year to year changes can be recorded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2014, an independent board met to perform the dam's five-year federal safety review. The board's recommendations, released in December, called on DWR officials to investigate the green spot and try to determine whether it posed a threat to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This issue has a high historical profile that needs to be conclusively addressed,\" the consultants commented in one section of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 2014 Part 12D report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said that while much of the dam's behavior was understood, \"one issue that seems to not have been addressed by previous stability analyses is that associated with the green spot on the downstream face of the dam.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consultants' report noted that the final construction report for the dam, which went into service in 1968, indicated that the green spot area was observed even before Lake Oroville began rising behind the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The green spot is believed to be associated with pre-existing natural springs in the downstream left abutment area of the dam foundation,\" the Part 12D report says. The concentration of moisture, the document speculates, could be due to the composition of the rock and earth used to build the dam's downstream embankment. The fill, which may contain excessive volumes of very fine, dense material, \"may prevent free drainage of flows from those underlying springs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four consultants said that although there was no evidence of movement or instability in the green spot area, they recommended the Department of Water Resources investigate to see whether the persistent moisture could pose a risk to the dam, especially in the event an earthquake occurred during a period of particularly wet conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n response, the Department of Water Resources has told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission it intends to answer questions raised in the 2014 safety board report by September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department last year got approval to bore a hole as deep as 150 feet in the dam's left abutment, adjacent to the green spot area. The drilling was to pursue a separate issue raised by the safety board -- the seismic vulnerability of Oroville Dam and nearby facilities. As part of that work, DWR told FERC, it planned to install an instrument for \"monitoring groundwater levels in proximity (to) the historic 'green spot' within the dam embankment. Data collected may provide beneficial in understanding the origin of seepage within the left abutment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a wave of questions raised by the UC Berkeley Center for Catastrophic Risk Management report issued last week, DWR says it's preparing a preliminary report on the green spot as well as a longer-term study of the issue. The report is due out next week, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about DWR's response to the safety board recommendations or suggestions for monitoring made in the department's own inspection reports, Mellon said regular monitoring was ongoing and that \"to date, no issues of concern have been noted.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea, the leader of the UC Berkeley study, says that DWR has been complacent in its response to a host of issues related to the dam, including the green spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think these people are looking at these pieces of evidence and using their logic, 'Well, this dam's been here for 50 years. We've seen these wet spots before, and it's performed satisfactorily,' \" Bea said. \"What they're then concluding is that as you move forward into the future it will continue to perform satisfactorily. That conclusion is premised on a belief there won't be any changes as you move into the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea says that posture is similar to the one the department took to the dam's spillway. The imposing concrete structure had undergone several rounds of extensive repairs before it failed in February. Despite that history of recurring problems, there's no evidence that the department considered the possibility that the spillway might need to be rebuilt, and DWR inspections through last August consistently declared the structure fit for continued use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Just 10 months after an oil spill that sickened dozens in Vallejo, Phillips 66 wants to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/27/phillips-66-seeks-big-increase-in-tanker-traffic-to-rodeo-refinery/\">more than double the number of oil tankers that travel the bay\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to raise the daily average of oil unloaded at their Rodeo refinery from about 51,000 barrels to 130,000 barrels. Air regulators are \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/ceqa/phillips-66-marine-terminal-scoping-meeting-notice-072717-pdf.pdf?la=en\">holding a public meeting \u003c/a>Thursday night in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just 10 months after an oil spill that sickened dozens in Vallejo, Phillips 66 wants to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/27/phillips-66-seeks-big-increase-in-tanker-traffic-to-rodeo-refinery/\">more than double the number of oil tankers that travel the bay\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to raise the daily average of oil unloaded at their Rodeo refinery from about 51,000 barrels to 130,000 barrels. Air regulators are \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/ceqa/phillips-66-marine-terminal-scoping-meeting-notice-072717-pdf.pdf?la=en\">holding a public meeting \u003c/a>Thursday night in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Tahoe ‘Secret Garden’ Opens After a Century",
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"content": "\u003cp>TRUCKEE — Pink and yellow wildflowers burst from a lush bed of grass hidden from public view for more than a century. Towering trees and snow-capped mountains encircle the wild meadow, beckoning visitors to a largely untouched piece of California's Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups bought the land in Lower Carpenter Valley north of Lake Tahoe and are opening it for tours. It contains rare carnivorous plants and threatened birds, and serves as a migration corridor for other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird songs and the gurgle of a serpentine creek provide the soundtrack in the meadow, less than 8 miles from noisy Interstate 80. The ground suddenly turns spongy underfoot as visitors step onto a deep bog that has formed along parts of the valley floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It literally is a secret garden,\" said Kathy Englar, the \u003ca href=\"http://tdlandtrust.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Truckee Donner Land Trust's\u003c/a> development director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11597127\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11597127\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-800x400.jpg\" alt=\"Wildflowers bloom in the Lower Carpenter Valley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-800x400.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-160x80.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-1020x510.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-1180x590.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-960x480.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-240x120.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-375x188.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-520x260.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildflowers bloom in the Lower Carpenter Valley. \u003ccite>(Truckee Donner Land Trust)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Lake Tahoe region regularly draws tens of thousands of people to ski, hike and camp, but the piece of land along a creek near Truckee has been kept behind locked gates along a winding dirt road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trust and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>, with other partners, bought more than 2 square miles (5 square kilometers) from the longtime owners for $10.3 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The partnership bought 600 acres in mid-July, but that area is so sensitive it will initially be open only for guided visits. It includes about two-thirds of the vast meadow. It acquired about half the property last year, 637 acres known as Crabtree Canyon, that is now open to hiking and mountain biking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The partners have a contract to buy a final 80-acre parcel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensitive 600-acre site includes \"these incredibly verdant habitat areas with fens, they call them, these seeps and springs,\" said Elliott Wright, senior associate director of philanthropy for the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11597143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11597143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Sunset in Lower Carpenter Valley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunset in Lower Carpenter Valley. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Carmel/Truckee Donner Land Trust)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The delicate wetlands are home to rare native sundew, small carnivorous plants that attract insects to sticky residue on their leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Fork of Prosser Creek is fed by snow and lined by willows and once was home to native Lahontan cutthroat trout, a threatened species that could be reintroduced if no natural population has remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The willows provide habitat for 40 of the 270 known nesting pairs of willow flycatchers, a small insect-eating bird that was once common in the Sierra Nevada, Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasonal caretakers protect the valley's fragile environment and wildlife, while dogs, horses and motorized vehicles are banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11597163\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11597163\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of Lower Carpenter Valley (at right).\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-1020x664.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-1180x768.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-960x625.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-375x244.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-520x338.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of Lower Carpenter Valley (at right). \u003ccite>(Truckee Donner Land Trust)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The partners expect to allow daily public access by foot or mountain bike in 2019 after building a parking area, restroom, trails and viewpoints \"that will allow visitors to experience the meadow without tromping through it,\" Englar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley was initially settled by dairyman William Carpenter and his wife, Julia. The 600-acre parcel was purchased in the mid-20th century by a group of fishermen, including newspaper publisher James McClatchy, who used it as a private retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, said Englar, \"this was just kind of an area that was undiscovered.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>TRUCKEE — Pink and yellow wildflowers burst from a lush bed of grass hidden from public view for more than a century. Towering trees and snow-capped mountains encircle the wild meadow, beckoning visitors to a largely untouched piece of California's Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups bought the land in Lower Carpenter Valley north of Lake Tahoe and are opening it for tours. It contains rare carnivorous plants and threatened birds, and serves as a migration corridor for other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird songs and the gurgle of a serpentine creek provide the soundtrack in the meadow, less than 8 miles from noisy Interstate 80. The ground suddenly turns spongy underfoot as visitors step onto a deep bog that has formed along parts of the valley floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It literally is a secret garden,\" said Kathy Englar, the \u003ca href=\"http://tdlandtrust.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Truckee Donner Land Trust's\u003c/a> development director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11597127\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11597127\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-800x400.jpg\" alt=\"Wildflowers bloom in the Lower Carpenter Valley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-800x400.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-160x80.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-1020x510.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-1180x590.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-960x480.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-240x120.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-375x188.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpenter-520x260.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildflowers bloom in the Lower Carpenter Valley. \u003ccite>(Truckee Donner Land Trust)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Lake Tahoe region regularly draws tens of thousands of people to ski, hike and camp, but the piece of land along a creek near Truckee has been kept behind locked gates along a winding dirt road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trust and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>, with other partners, bought more than 2 square miles (5 square kilometers) from the longtime owners for $10.3 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The partnership bought 600 acres in mid-July, but that area is so sensitive it will initially be open only for guided visits. It includes about two-thirds of the vast meadow. It acquired about half the property last year, 637 acres known as Crabtree Canyon, that is now open to hiking and mountain biking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The partners have a contract to buy a final 80-acre parcel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensitive 600-acre site includes \"these incredibly verdant habitat areas with fens, they call them, these seeps and springs,\" said Elliott Wright, senior associate director of philanthropy for the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11597143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11597143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Sunset in Lower Carpenter Valley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SunsetLizCarmel-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunset in Lower Carpenter Valley. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Carmel/Truckee Donner Land Trust)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The delicate wetlands are home to rare native sundew, small carnivorous plants that attract insects to sticky residue on their leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Fork of Prosser Creek is fed by snow and lined by willows and once was home to native Lahontan cutthroat trout, a threatened species that could be reintroduced if no natural population has remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The willows provide habitat for 40 of the 270 known nesting pairs of willow flycatchers, a small insect-eating bird that was once common in the Sierra Nevada, Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasonal caretakers protect the valley's fragile environment and wildlife, while dogs, horses and motorized vehicles are banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11597163\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11597163\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of Lower Carpenter Valley (at right).\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-1020x664.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-1180x768.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-960x625.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-375x244.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/LowerCarpAerial-520x338.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of Lower Carpenter Valley (at right). \u003ccite>(Truckee Donner Land Trust)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The partners expect to allow daily public access by foot or mountain bike in 2019 after building a parking area, restroom, trails and viewpoints \"that will allow visitors to experience the meadow without tromping through it,\" Englar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley was initially settled by dairyman William Carpenter and his wife, Julia. The 600-acre parcel was purchased in the mid-20th century by a group of fishermen, including newspaper publisher James McClatchy, who used it as a private retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, said Englar, \"this was just kind of an area that was undiscovered.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lake Tahoe is Warming at 14 Times the Normal Rate",
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"content": "\u003cp>An annual report on Lake Tahoe says the United States’ largest alpine lake is still warming at 14 times the historic average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding is in Thursday’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/tahoe-state-lake-report-2016-released\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">yearly report\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Davis\u003c/a> on the condition of Lake Tahoe, which straddles the California and Nevada borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the giant lake is still warming by half of a degree Fahrenheit each year, continuing a four-year trend driven by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yearly report cites other signs of climate change at Lake Tahoe, including a first spring snow melt at the lake that started 19 days earlier in March than it did in 1961.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university researchers say climate change is contributing to the growth of algae in the lake in summer, reducing the lake’s famous clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An annual report on Lake Tahoe says the United States’ largest alpine lake is still warming at 14 times the historic average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding is in Thursday’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/tahoe-state-lake-report-2016-released\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">yearly report\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Davis\u003c/a> on the condition of Lake Tahoe, which straddles the California and Nevada borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the giant lake is still warming by half of a degree Fahrenheit each year, continuing a four-year trend driven by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yearly report cites other signs of climate change at Lake Tahoe, including a first spring snow melt at the lake that started 19 days earlier in March than it did in 1961.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university researchers say climate change is contributing to the growth of algae in the lake in summer, reducing the lake’s famous clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Know How to Protect Yourself From Lyme Disease on Bay Area Hikes",
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"content": "\u003cp>Northern California has many attractions, but the fact that it’s prime tick habitat isn’t one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the angst surrounding outdoor activities is that tick hotspots are unevenly distributed on a patchy landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Medicine has the tendency to want a vaccine or a clear antibiotic silver bullet, and I don’t think the Lyme system gives us that luxury.’\u003ccite>Nate Nieto, University of Northern Arizona\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One moment you’re strolling through redwood forests, the next through oak forests, and a couple of hours later you may come across scenic chaparral. While on this iconic hike, you probably don’t realize that you’ve moved through both high- and low-risk Lyme disease areas. The question is, do you know where you are most at risk?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is in the oak forest where layers of rich leaf litter are a kind of Club Med for ticks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s Always Tick Season\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tick season” exists year-round in northern California. The highest risk is in the spring and early summer due to an abundance of juvenile ticks, known as nymphs (the most virulent life-stage). However, peak diagnosis time extends into July, because it can take a few weeks to realize that you have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer is also particularly dangerous for Lyme disease because that’s when people spend the most time outside, and many of the most beautiful hiking areas tend to be tick-ridden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1870758\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1870758\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It’s always tick season in Northern California. Peak season is spring and early summer. \u003ccite>(Bay Area Lyme Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most people associate Lyme disease with the Northeastern U.S. and the upper Midwest, and for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/stats/maps.html\">good reason\u003c/a>; the vast majority of cases are reported there, due mostly to the fact that the landscape is blanketed with prime tick habitat. On the west coast, the risk is real, but it’s different.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>How to prevent a tick bite in the first place.\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Dress the part\u003c/strong>: Ticks tend to like to climb upwards, so wear full-length pants, tucked into your socks, and a full length shirt, tucked into your pants\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Pesticide options\u003c/strong>: Chemical tick-repellents or acaricides can be very effective at low dosages. Be sure to read manufacturer’s instructions carefully.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Clean your body and clothes\u003c/strong>: Take a shower once you get home from a hike and throw your clothes in a hot dryer for a 1-hour cycle.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Check your pets and yourself\u003c/strong>: Perform a thorough tick check when you get home. Ticks can travel into your house on dogs and cats.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“There are definitely patches in California where the risk is just as high as the East –it’s just not the same spatial extent,” says Dan Salkeld, research scientist at Colorado State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall abundance of Lyme ticks is relatively low on the West Coast; however, the risk is spread unevenly. Hikers can move from high-risk area to a low-risk area and never know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, “You can be in one valley and rates of Lyme can be as high as in upstate New York, Connecticut or Rhode Island,” says Nate Nieto, a microbiologist at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff. “Then you go over one ridge, the habitat changes completely –and there’s nothing,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of what puts Californians at risk is a lack of awareness — among the public and even among doctors. Much of the research and public health information is based on east coast ecology and may not apply to the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many Californian physicians, Lyme disease is just not on the radar, even though according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarealyme.org/\">Bay Area Lyme Foundation\u003c/a>, Lyme-infected ticks have been located in 42 of California’s 58 counties (highest incidence were in Trinity, Humbolt and Mendocino as of 2014). About 100 cases of Lyme disease are reported in California each year, but according to Supervising Public Health Biologist Kerry Padgett of the state Department of Public Health, the disease is likely more widespread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an under-diagnosis and under-reporting of Lyme disease in California,” says Padgett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Ticks Make Us Sick\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyme disease is caused by a microscopic spiral-shaped bacteria called \u003cem>borrelia burgdorferi\u003c/em>. On the west coast, these Lyme disease-causing bacteria live inside the guts of the western blacklegged tick and can travel into the blood streams of bitten animals.Ticks generally live for two or three years. They are born Lyme-free, and will contract or transmit Lyme during feeding, once during each of their three life stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1870913\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1870913\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-768x549.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-520x372.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up.jpg 898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue-bellied lizards are our friends. Their blood actually cures infected ticks of Lyme disease. The “grapes” in this lizard’s ear are all feeding ticks. \u003ccite>(Ervic Aquino)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a Lyme-infected tick bites, it typically takes 36-48 hours for the bacteria to make the journey from the tick’s gut to their mouth and into the blood of their host. The process can take as little as 24 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 15-20 percent of backlegged ticks contain Lyme disease during their nymph stage, and that number is much lower, 1-2 percent, in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Forest Full of Frenemies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine disease risk of a particular place, researchers look to some of the tick’s favorite foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common reservoir of Lyme disease — the species that initially infects ticks — is the western gray squirrel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So avoid gray squirrel habitat and you’re safe? Not so fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter the blue-bellied lizard (also known as the western fence lizard), which is naturally immune to Lyme disease, and has special proteins in its blood that will cleanse infected ticks of the pathogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>What to do if you find a tick on you:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1870759\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1870759 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-768x494.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-1020x656.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-1180x759.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-960x618.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-240x154.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-375x241.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-520x335.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adult (left) and nymph (right) western blacklegged ticks. \u003ccite>(Bay Area Lyme Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If you find a tick on your body, don’t panic! Remove the tick and keep track of what happens.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Is the tick feeding? That is, is the tick embedded in the skin?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If the tick is embedded, slowly and steadily, with even pressure, remove the entire tick by pulling it straight out with a pair of tweezers. Do not jerk or twist the tick. Remove any mouthparts that break off during removal. Then, if possible, save the tick in a jar or plastic bag. DO NOT try to kill the tick with oil or matches while it’s feeding. (If you do, it will release the contents of its gut into you.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clean the bite area with rubbing alcohol or soap and warm water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How long did it feed? If it’s less than 36 hours, there’s a high probability that you are safe.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pay attention to your symptoms. If in 6-to-12 days, you have any kind of fever, go and see a doctor.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A bulls-eye rash around the tick bite is a sure-fire way to know if you’ve contracted Lyme, but this symptom only shows up in 50-70 percent of cases. Other symptoms include headache, fatigue, and skin rash.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So, a tick could feed on a squirrel and contract Lyme, which could then be neutralized when it bites a lizard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go into dense black oak woodland, which is prime habitat for ticks and squirrels, we find a higher proportion of infected ticks,” explains Salkeld. “However, if you move into a broken clearing with more light, you’re going to find more lizards, and the prevalence of Lyme goes down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyme disease involves many different species and is ecologically complex, which makes it a notoriously difficult problem to solve for researchers and public health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medicine has the tendency to want a vaccine or a clear antibiotic silver bullet, and I don’t think the Lyme system gives us that luxury,” says Nieto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lyme disease is something that we call, in the science world, a complex system, meaning that there’s a bunch going on here,” he continues. “ there’s a bunch of hosts, there’s a bunch of vectors, and there’s a bunch of pathogens, and that makes things difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mapping a Pathogen\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s diverse landscape and the complex interplay among species makes predicting Lyme tricky. However, the greatest risk posed to Californians might be a lack of awareness. Doctors here are less likely to suspect Lyme when patients come in with characteristic symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have talked to physicians who say that they are not aware of Lyme disease in California,” says Salkeld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizations, such as the Bay Area Lyme Foundation, along with researchers like Nieto and Salkeld, are working to change the narrative and build the necessary evidence to make doctors aware of the scale of the problem. The foundation has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarealyme.org/blog/bay-area-lyme-foundation-offers-free-tick-testing-nationwide/\">program\u003c/a> offering free tick testing nationwide, which aims to map tick-borne diseases across the country by encouraging concerned citizens to send in samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re working on gathering real empirical data to show that Lyme is in the ecosystems of the West Coast,” says Nieto, “We’re getting clinical samples, ecological [tick] samples, and wildlife host samples…so we can change the educational paradigm within the medical schools and say, ‘It’s not just the Northeast and upper Midwest’—it’s in California too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Californians should be aware of ticks, and the risks of tick-borne diseases, but the fear of disease should not keep them from enjoying the great outdoors,” adds Padgett. “I really do feel it’s possible to stay tick-safe while recreating and spending time outside.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Northern California has many attractions, but the fact that it’s prime tick habitat isn’t one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the angst surrounding outdoor activities is that tick hotspots are unevenly distributed on a patchy landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Medicine has the tendency to want a vaccine or a clear antibiotic silver bullet, and I don’t think the Lyme system gives us that luxury.’\u003ccite>Nate Nieto, University of Northern Arizona\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One moment you’re strolling through redwood forests, the next through oak forests, and a couple of hours later you may come across scenic chaparral. While on this iconic hike, you probably don’t realize that you’ve moved through both high- and low-risk Lyme disease areas. The question is, do you know where you are most at risk?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is in the oak forest where layers of rich leaf litter are a kind of Club Med for ticks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s Always Tick Season\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tick season” exists year-round in northern California. The highest risk is in the spring and early summer due to an abundance of juvenile ticks, known as nymphs (the most virulent life-stage). However, peak diagnosis time extends into July, because it can take a few weeks to realize that you have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer is also particularly dangerous for Lyme disease because that’s when people spend the most time outside, and many of the most beautiful hiking areas tend to be tick-ridden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1870758\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1870758\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-on-Leaf_Shutterstock_99641744_-e1500680859219-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It’s always tick season in Northern California. Peak season is spring and early summer. \u003ccite>(Bay Area Lyme Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most people associate Lyme disease with the Northeastern U.S. and the upper Midwest, and for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/stats/maps.html\">good reason\u003c/a>; the vast majority of cases are reported there, due mostly to the fact that the landscape is blanketed with prime tick habitat. On the west coast, the risk is real, but it’s different.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>How to prevent a tick bite in the first place.\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Dress the part\u003c/strong>: Ticks tend to like to climb upwards, so wear full-length pants, tucked into your socks, and a full length shirt, tucked into your pants\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Pesticide options\u003c/strong>: Chemical tick-repellents or acaricides can be very effective at low dosages. Be sure to read manufacturer’s instructions carefully.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Clean your body and clothes\u003c/strong>: Take a shower once you get home from a hike and throw your clothes in a hot dryer for a 1-hour cycle.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Check your pets and yourself\u003c/strong>: Perform a thorough tick check when you get home. Ticks can travel into your house on dogs and cats.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“There are definitely patches in California where the risk is just as high as the East –it’s just not the same spatial extent,” says Dan Salkeld, research scientist at Colorado State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall abundance of Lyme ticks is relatively low on the West Coast; however, the risk is spread unevenly. Hikers can move from high-risk area to a low-risk area and never know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, “You can be in one valley and rates of Lyme can be as high as in upstate New York, Connecticut or Rhode Island,” says Nate Nieto, a microbiologist at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff. “Then you go over one ridge, the habitat changes completely –and there’s nothing,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of what puts Californians at risk is a lack of awareness — among the public and even among doctors. Much of the research and public health information is based on east coast ecology and may not apply to the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many Californian physicians, Lyme disease is just not on the radar, even though according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarealyme.org/\">Bay Area Lyme Foundation\u003c/a>, Lyme-infected ticks have been located in 42 of California’s 58 counties (highest incidence were in Trinity, Humbolt and Mendocino as of 2014). About 100 cases of Lyme disease are reported in California each year, but according to Supervising Public Health Biologist Kerry Padgett of the state Department of Public Health, the disease is likely more widespread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an under-diagnosis and under-reporting of Lyme disease in California,” says Padgett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Ticks Make Us Sick\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyme disease is caused by a microscopic spiral-shaped bacteria called \u003cem>borrelia burgdorferi\u003c/em>. On the west coast, these Lyme disease-causing bacteria live inside the guts of the western blacklegged tick and can travel into the blood streams of bitten animals.Ticks generally live for two or three years. They are born Lyme-free, and will contract or transmit Lyme during feeding, once during each of their three life stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1870913\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1870913\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-768x549.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up-520x372.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/lizard-with-ticks-closer-up.jpg 898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue-bellied lizards are our friends. Their blood actually cures infected ticks of Lyme disease. The “grapes” in this lizard’s ear are all feeding ticks. \u003ccite>(Ervic Aquino)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a Lyme-infected tick bites, it typically takes 36-48 hours for the bacteria to make the journey from the tick’s gut to their mouth and into the blood of their host. The process can take as little as 24 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 15-20 percent of backlegged ticks contain Lyme disease during their nymph stage, and that number is much lower, 1-2 percent, in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Forest Full of Frenemies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine disease risk of a particular place, researchers look to some of the tick’s favorite foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common reservoir of Lyme disease — the species that initially infects ticks — is the western gray squirrel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So avoid gray squirrel habitat and you’re safe? Not so fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter the blue-bellied lizard (also known as the western fence lizard), which is naturally immune to Lyme disease, and has special proteins in its blood that will cleanse infected ticks of the pathogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>What to do if you find a tick on you:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1870759\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1870759 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-768x494.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-1020x656.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-1180x759.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-960x618.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-240x154.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-375x241.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1-520x335.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Tick-sizes_Nate_larger-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adult (left) and nymph (right) western blacklegged ticks. \u003ccite>(Bay Area Lyme Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If you find a tick on your body, don’t panic! Remove the tick and keep track of what happens.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Is the tick feeding? That is, is the tick embedded in the skin?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If the tick is embedded, slowly and steadily, with even pressure, remove the entire tick by pulling it straight out with a pair of tweezers. Do not jerk or twist the tick. Remove any mouthparts that break off during removal. Then, if possible, save the tick in a jar or plastic bag. DO NOT try to kill the tick with oil or matches while it’s feeding. (If you do, it will release the contents of its gut into you.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clean the bite area with rubbing alcohol or soap and warm water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How long did it feed? If it’s less than 36 hours, there’s a high probability that you are safe.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pay attention to your symptoms. If in 6-to-12 days, you have any kind of fever, go and see a doctor.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A bulls-eye rash around the tick bite is a sure-fire way to know if you’ve contracted Lyme, but this symptom only shows up in 50-70 percent of cases. Other symptoms include headache, fatigue, and skin rash.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So, a tick could feed on a squirrel and contract Lyme, which could then be neutralized when it bites a lizard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go into dense black oak woodland, which is prime habitat for ticks and squirrels, we find a higher proportion of infected ticks,” explains Salkeld. “However, if you move into a broken clearing with more light, you’re going to find more lizards, and the prevalence of Lyme goes down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyme disease involves many different species and is ecologically complex, which makes it a notoriously difficult problem to solve for researchers and public health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medicine has the tendency to want a vaccine or a clear antibiotic silver bullet, and I don’t think the Lyme system gives us that luxury,” says Nieto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lyme disease is something that we call, in the science world, a complex system, meaning that there’s a bunch going on here,” he continues. “ there’s a bunch of hosts, there’s a bunch of vectors, and there’s a bunch of pathogens, and that makes things difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mapping a Pathogen\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s diverse landscape and the complex interplay among species makes predicting Lyme tricky. However, the greatest risk posed to Californians might be a lack of awareness. Doctors here are less likely to suspect Lyme when patients come in with characteristic symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have talked to physicians who say that they are not aware of Lyme disease in California,” says Salkeld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizations, such as the Bay Area Lyme Foundation, along with researchers like Nieto and Salkeld, are working to change the narrative and build the necessary evidence to make doctors aware of the scale of the problem. The foundation has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarealyme.org/blog/bay-area-lyme-foundation-offers-free-tick-testing-nationwide/\">program\u003c/a> offering free tick testing nationwide, which aims to map tick-borne diseases across the country by encouraging concerned citizens to send in samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re working on gathering real empirical data to show that Lyme is in the ecosystems of the West Coast,” says Nieto, “We’re getting clinical samples, ecological [tick] samples, and wildlife host samples…so we can change the educational paradigm within the medical schools and say, ‘It’s not just the Northeast and upper Midwest’—it’s in California too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Californians should be aware of ticks, and the risks of tick-borne diseases, but the fear of disease should not keep them from enjoying the great outdoors,” adds Padgett. “I really do feel it’s possible to stay tick-safe while recreating and spending time outside.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Phillips 66 Seeks Huge Increase in Tanker Traffic to Rodeo Refinery",
"title": "Phillips 66 Seeks Huge Increase in Tanker Traffic to Rodeo Refinery",
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"content": "\u003cp>Phillips 66 wants to more than double the number of oil tankers that travel through San Francisco Bay to unload crude at its refinery in Rodeo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 59 ships a year are allowed to make crude oil and gas oil deliveries to the refinery's marine terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips 66 wants to increase that limit to 135 and to raise the daily average of oil unloaded at the terminal from about 51,000 barrels to 130,000. The company says the extra tanker deliveries would replace crude oil currently delivered by pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips' preliminary proposal -- summarized in a presentation \u003ca href=\"#phillips66\">below\u003c/a> -- has angered environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It \"poses an incredible new risk of oil spills to San Francisco Bay,\" Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director for \u003ca href=\"https://baykeeper.org/blog/action-alert-help-protect-sf-bay-oil-spills\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baykeeper\u003c/a>, said in an interview. \"We're really concerned about the increase in the number of tankers that the refinery is proposing to bring in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents of Vallejo have expressed alarm about the move, coming just 10 months after an oil spill at the marine terminal that is believed to have been the source of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/16/refinery-tanker-firm-cited-for-fumes-that-sickened-scores-in-vallejo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">noxious fumes\u003c/a> that sickened dozens of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air regulators are holding a \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/ceqa/phillips-66-marine-terminal-scoping-meeting-notice-072717-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public meeting in Vallejo Thursday night\u003c/a> to address their concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have definitely heard from the community in Vallejo,\" Tom Flannigan, a Bay Area Air Quality Management District spokesman, said in an interview. \"Because Vallejo was impacted recently, there's just a lot of concern. That's why we decided to have a meeting there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo city officials also expressed concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joanna Altman, assistant city manager, said while the city does not have an official position on the refinery's proposal, it's still waiting for answers about the September 2016 incident from Phillips 66.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the delay in their response and leaving our residents without answers, it is likely that we would be very concerned about any expansion absent adequate testing equipment, an early warning system and other appropriate procedures in place,\" Altman said in an email, adding that the issue could be brought before the Vallejo City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the regional air district issued notices of violation to Phillips 66 and to the operator of the oil tanker, the Yamuna Spirit, in connection with the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both companies have disputed findings from the Coast Guard that blame the refinery and the ship for September's spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery's move toward an increase in shipping crude to its Rodeo facility and away from pipeline transfers comes after officials in San Luis Obispo County rejected the company's proposal to transport more oil by train to its refinery there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the Baykeeper's Choksi-Chugh, more oil by ship, pipeline and rail is not the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got an urgent need to move towards more of a clean energy future, and these refineries keep putting proposal after proposal to increase and expand their refining capacity,\" Choksi-Chugh said. \"It's moving us in the wrong direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she believes the added ships will be bringing heavy tar sands oil from Canada -- a material she and other environmentalists say poses an added level of danger to local waters. Past spills of tar sands crude, like one into \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/08/16/158025375/when-this-oil-spills-its-a-whole-new-monster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michigan's Kalamazoo River\u003c/a> in 2010, have proved extremely difficult to clean up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Adler, a Phillips 66 spokesman, confirmed in an email that the oil that would be brought by extra ships to the refinery would be different from the crude transported by pipeline from Central California. He declined to comment further on the proposal, adding that he would attend Thursday's air district public scoping meeting in Vallejo where residents could ask questions about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That meeting is one step in what's expected to be a long process before the company gets approval for more tankers. The public comment period for the project's scoping ends on Aug. 28. Air district officials plan to work on its environmental impact report over the next year, seeking input from the public and 40 government agencies. The district's board of directors would then vote on the issue.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"phillips66\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3901454-Phillips-66-Rodeo-Tanker-Proposal-Presentation\" notes=\"true\" text=\"true\" search=\"true\" sidebar=\"true\" pdf=\"true\" responsive=\"true\" page=\"1\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Phillips 66 wants to more than double the number of oil tankers that travel through San Francisco Bay to unload crude at its refinery in Rodeo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 59 ships a year are allowed to make crude oil and gas oil deliveries to the refinery's marine terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips 66 wants to increase that limit to 135 and to raise the daily average of oil unloaded at the terminal from about 51,000 barrels to 130,000. The company says the extra tanker deliveries would replace crude oil currently delivered by pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips' preliminary proposal -- summarized in a presentation \u003ca href=\"#phillips66\">below\u003c/a> -- has angered environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It \"poses an incredible new risk of oil spills to San Francisco Bay,\" Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director for \u003ca href=\"https://baykeeper.org/blog/action-alert-help-protect-sf-bay-oil-spills\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baykeeper\u003c/a>, said in an interview. \"We're really concerned about the increase in the number of tankers that the refinery is proposing to bring in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents of Vallejo have expressed alarm about the move, coming just 10 months after an oil spill at the marine terminal that is believed to have been the source of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/16/refinery-tanker-firm-cited-for-fumes-that-sickened-scores-in-vallejo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">noxious fumes\u003c/a> that sickened dozens of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air regulators are holding a \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/ceqa/phillips-66-marine-terminal-scoping-meeting-notice-072717-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public meeting in Vallejo Thursday night\u003c/a> to address their concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have definitely heard from the community in Vallejo,\" Tom Flannigan, a Bay Area Air Quality Management District spokesman, said in an interview. \"Because Vallejo was impacted recently, there's just a lot of concern. That's why we decided to have a meeting there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo city officials also expressed concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joanna Altman, assistant city manager, said while the city does not have an official position on the refinery's proposal, it's still waiting for answers about the September 2016 incident from Phillips 66.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the delay in their response and leaving our residents without answers, it is likely that we would be very concerned about any expansion absent adequate testing equipment, an early warning system and other appropriate procedures in place,\" Altman said in an email, adding that the issue could be brought before the Vallejo City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the regional air district issued notices of violation to Phillips 66 and to the operator of the oil tanker, the Yamuna Spirit, in connection with the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both companies have disputed findings from the Coast Guard that blame the refinery and the ship for September's spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery's move toward an increase in shipping crude to its Rodeo facility and away from pipeline transfers comes after officials in San Luis Obispo County rejected the company's proposal to transport more oil by train to its refinery there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the Baykeeper's Choksi-Chugh, more oil by ship, pipeline and rail is not the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got an urgent need to move towards more of a clean energy future, and these refineries keep putting proposal after proposal to increase and expand their refining capacity,\" Choksi-Chugh said. \"It's moving us in the wrong direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she believes the added ships will be bringing heavy tar sands oil from Canada -- a material she and other environmentalists say poses an added level of danger to local waters. Past spills of tar sands crude, like one into \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/08/16/158025375/when-this-oil-spills-its-a-whole-new-monster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michigan's Kalamazoo River\u003c/a> in 2010, have proved extremely difficult to clean up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Adler, a Phillips 66 spokesman, confirmed in an email that the oil that would be brought by extra ships to the refinery would be different from the crude transported by pipeline from Central California. He declined to comment further on the proposal, adding that he would attend Thursday's air district public scoping meeting in Vallejo where residents could ask questions about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That meeting is one step in what's expected to be a long process before the company gets approval for more tankers. The public comment period for the project's scoping ends on Aug. 28. Air district officials plan to work on its environmental impact report over the next year, seeking input from the public and 40 government agencies. The district's board of directors would then vote on the issue.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"phillips66\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A key tool to help California reach ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goals will continue for decades to come, as Gov. Jerry Brown signed an extension of the state’s cap-and-trade program on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was joined by legislative leaders and his predecessor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, to sign Assembly Bill 398 on Treasure Island in San Francisco Bay. The legislation \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/10/heres-whats-in-the-deal-to-extend-californias-cap-and-trade-system/\">extends the system\u003c/a> through which the state limits greenhouse gases from companies by creating a marketplace for emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are a nation-state in a globalizing world and we’re having an impact,\" Brown said. \"You’re here witnessing one of the key milestones in turning around this carbonized world into a decarbonized sustainable future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XTlHgU2eAHtvwFWkycFbodAERAQXCgny\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade ago, Schwarzenegger stood in the same spot to sign Assembly Bill 32. That bill both set emission reduction goals for California and authorized the creation of the cap-and-trade program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Republican governor predicted that the law would \"begin a whole new era of environmental protection in California that will change the course of history,\" and that the federal government would follow the state's lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPDjZm2v5sg?ecver=1&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade later, Schwarzenegger acknowledged that California's emission reduction goals and cap-and-trade program stand as progressive outposts, rather than bellwethers, for federal climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The states and the cities in America, the private sector, the academic sector, the scientists, everyone is still in the Paris agreement, There is only one man that dropped out,\" he said, referring to President Trump. \"But America did not drop out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Brown and Schwarzenegger made note of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/17/california-lawmakers-approve-plan-to-extend-cap-and-trade-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bipartisan nature\u003c/a> of the extension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Schwarzenegger/status/889949509655994368\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight Republicans legislators voted for AB 398, a move that has caused \u003ca href=\"http://www.pe.com/2017/07/20/melissa-melendez-resigns-leadership-post-calls-out-chad-mayes/\">turmoil within the caucus\u003c/a> and state party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger said that California's economic growth should silence conservative critics who contend that the cap-and-trade program will hurt businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Don’t those conservative Republicans get the message?\" he asked. \"Stop lying to the people! Stop it!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown openly embraced the business community in his address, noting the many business lobbyists and representatives in attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people say, ‘Oh my god, we don’t like those people,' \" he said. \"Well let’s face it, this is California. Our industry, our wealth, our whole well-being is the product of all these individuals and companies and organizations and cultural organizations and nonprofits, the whole thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal to extend the program was a carefully balanced effort that also included provisions to address local air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has not yet signed that separate bill, Assembly Bill 617, which increases monitoring and penalties on local polluters.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A key tool to help California reach ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goals will continue for decades to come, as Gov. Jerry Brown signed an extension of the state’s cap-and-trade program on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was joined by legislative leaders and his predecessor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, to sign Assembly Bill 398 on Treasure Island in San Francisco Bay. The legislation \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/10/heres-whats-in-the-deal-to-extend-californias-cap-and-trade-system/\">extends the system\u003c/a> through which the state limits greenhouse gases from companies by creating a marketplace for emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are a nation-state in a globalizing world and we’re having an impact,\" Brown said. \"You’re here witnessing one of the key milestones in turning around this carbonized world into a decarbonized sustainable future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade ago, Schwarzenegger stood in the same spot to sign Assembly Bill 32. That bill both set emission reduction goals for California and authorized the creation of the cap-and-trade program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Republican governor predicted that the law would \"begin a whole new era of environmental protection in California that will change the course of history,\" and that the federal government would follow the state's lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aPDjZm2v5sg?ecver=1'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aPDjZm2v5sg?ecver=1'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade later, Schwarzenegger acknowledged that California's emission reduction goals and cap-and-trade program stand as progressive outposts, rather than bellwethers, for federal climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The states and the cities in America, the private sector, the academic sector, the scientists, everyone is still in the Paris agreement, There is only one man that dropped out,\" he said, referring to President Trump. \"But America did not drop out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Brown and Schwarzenegger made note of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/17/california-lawmakers-approve-plan-to-extend-cap-and-trade-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bipartisan nature\u003c/a> of the extension.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Eight Republicans legislators voted for AB 398, a move that has caused \u003ca href=\"http://www.pe.com/2017/07/20/melissa-melendez-resigns-leadership-post-calls-out-chad-mayes/\">turmoil within the caucus\u003c/a> and state party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger said that California's economic growth should silence conservative critics who contend that the cap-and-trade program will hurt businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Don’t those conservative Republicans get the message?\" he asked. \"Stop lying to the people! Stop it!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown openly embraced the business community in his address, noting the many business lobbyists and representatives in attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people say, ‘Oh my god, we don’t like those people,' \" he said. \"Well let’s face it, this is California. Our industry, our wealth, our whole well-being is the product of all these individuals and companies and organizations and cultural organizations and nonprofits, the whole thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal to extend the program was a carefully balanced effort that also included provisions to address local air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has not yet signed that separate bill, Assembly Bill 617, which increases monitoring and penalties on local polluters.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "new-quake-maps-could-shake-up-development-plans-in-santa-monica",
"title": "New Quake Maps Could Shake Up Development Plans in Santa Monica",
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"headTitle": "New Quake Maps Could Shake Up Development Plans in Santa Monica | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The 1971 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiabD0WBl7w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Fernando (Sylmar) earthquake\u003c/a> killed 64 people, buckled roadways and leveled scores of buildings. Soon after, California \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/rghm/ap/Pages/main.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">passed a law\u003c/a> that requires updated mapping of major earthquake fault zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But due to a lack of funding, the effort ground to a halt not long after it began and resumed only about four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/shzp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Geological Survey’s\u003c/a> newly released \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/rghm/ap/Pages/PreliminaryMaps.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mapping of the Santa Monica Fault\u003c/a> could, if approved after a 90-day public comment period, prohibit new construction on top of active sections of the fault and require extensive geological review for proposed development within 500 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Santa Monica and Hollywood faults historically have been fairly quiet since the area’s been settled, as far as we know,” says California Geological Survey senior engineer Timothy Dawson. “The major concern is that these faults cover some of the most densely populated areas in the L.A. basin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Monica Fault helped shape a roughly 30-mile stretch from Pasadena to the Pacific. It’s why properties along sections of Santa Monica Boulevard in West L.A. — like the immense \u003ca href=\"https://www.lds.org/church/temples/los-angeles-california?lang=eng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\u003c/a> — sit a little higher than those on the other side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11593578\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11593578\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"The Santa Monica Fault cleaves a path along portions of Santa Monica Boulevard creating steep slopes like the one that’s home to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-960x608.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Santa Monica Fault cleaves a path along portions of Santa Monica Boulevard, creating steep slopes like the one that’s home to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. \u003ccite>(Ken Lund/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What the fault has done mostly is create these things called fault scarps. The Mormon temple is actually on top of one of these fault scarps related to the Santa Monica Fault,” says Dawson. “Some geologists have referred to (it) as the most beautifully manicured fault scarp in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new fault map drafts confirm what officials in Santa Monica have known for some time and have been preparing for. Earlier this year, the city approved what’s widely seen as the most sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/Departments/PCD/Programs/Seismic-Retrofit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seismic retrofit program\u003c/a> in California. The state mapping could give even more muscle to the effort by imposing an additional layer of guidelines for new construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The draft map that CGS has released really affects new developments, redevelopment and reconstruction,” says Santa Monica city planner Jing Yeo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this (state) mapping is intended to do is really highlight potential surface rupture. And that is a different consideration then the seismic retrofit program that the city is in the process of implementing,” says Yeo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Monica’s program targets thousands of existing structures and is based more on building type vs. proximity to a fault. The effort’s been largely well received as a long overdue fix of vulnerable buildings in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has created a \u003ca href=\"http://smgov.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=05191306d93d4c04827773b8d2151cd7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">searchable map\u003c/a> of seismically vulnerable buildings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11593596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://smgov.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=05191306d93d4c04827773b8d2151cd7\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11593596\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"The City of Santa Monica has created a list and searchable map of seismically vulnerable buildings.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-960x649.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-240x162.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-375x254.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-520x352.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Monica has created a list and searchable map of seismically vulnerable buildings. \u003ccite>(City of Santa Monica)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What impact the state’s new seismic hazard mapping could ultimately have on the city’s seismic upgrade plan and on future development is still uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’ll bring greater awareness of the risks. I think that’s good for any person that lives or works in Santa Monica,” says Martha Cox-Nitikman, senior director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bomagla.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public policy for the Building Owners and Managers Association of Greater Los Angeles\u003c/a>. The association represents the interests of several large property owners in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city might want to go back sometime later and update some of the engineering standards,” says Cox-Nitikman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now I think building owners are just looking at the standards that are in the (city) ordinance that we are currently living with, and there are standards in embedded in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new California Geological Survey fault hazard maps and the law behind it can only do so much. Ultimately it depends on local leaders in the affected communities to decide how strictly they’ll enforce the building standards outlined by the state.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It will be up to local communities to implement tougher building standards based on new earthquake data.",
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"title": "New Quake Maps Could Shake Up Development Plans in Santa Monica | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The 1971 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiabD0WBl7w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Fernando (Sylmar) earthquake\u003c/a> killed 64 people, buckled roadways and leveled scores of buildings. Soon after, California \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/rghm/ap/Pages/main.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">passed a law\u003c/a> that requires updated mapping of major earthquake fault zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But due to a lack of funding, the effort ground to a halt not long after it began and resumed only about four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/shzp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Geological Survey’s\u003c/a> newly released \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/rghm/ap/Pages/PreliminaryMaps.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mapping of the Santa Monica Fault\u003c/a> could, if approved after a 90-day public comment period, prohibit new construction on top of active sections of the fault and require extensive geological review for proposed development within 500 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Santa Monica and Hollywood faults historically have been fairly quiet since the area’s been settled, as far as we know,” says California Geological Survey senior engineer Timothy Dawson. “The major concern is that these faults cover some of the most densely populated areas in the L.A. basin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Monica Fault helped shape a roughly 30-mile stretch from Pasadena to the Pacific. It’s why properties along sections of Santa Monica Boulevard in West L.A. — like the immense \u003ca href=\"https://www.lds.org/church/temples/los-angeles-california?lang=eng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\u003c/a> — sit a little higher than those on the other side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11593578\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11593578\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"The Santa Monica Fault cleaves a path along portions of Santa Monica Boulevard creating steep slopes like the one that’s home to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-960x608.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/JCLSHill-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Santa Monica Fault cleaves a path along portions of Santa Monica Boulevard, creating steep slopes like the one that’s home to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. \u003ccite>(Ken Lund/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What the fault has done mostly is create these things called fault scarps. The Mormon temple is actually on top of one of these fault scarps related to the Santa Monica Fault,” says Dawson. “Some geologists have referred to (it) as the most beautifully manicured fault scarp in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new fault map drafts confirm what officials in Santa Monica have known for some time and have been preparing for. Earlier this year, the city approved what’s widely seen as the most sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/Departments/PCD/Programs/Seismic-Retrofit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seismic retrofit program\u003c/a> in California. The state mapping could give even more muscle to the effort by imposing an additional layer of guidelines for new construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The draft map that CGS has released really affects new developments, redevelopment and reconstruction,” says Santa Monica city planner Jing Yeo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this (state) mapping is intended to do is really highlight potential surface rupture. And that is a different consideration then the seismic retrofit program that the city is in the process of implementing,” says Yeo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Monica’s program targets thousands of existing structures and is based more on building type vs. proximity to a fault. The effort’s been largely well received as a long overdue fix of vulnerable buildings in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has created a \u003ca href=\"http://smgov.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=05191306d93d4c04827773b8d2151cd7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">searchable map\u003c/a> of seismically vulnerable buildings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11593596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://smgov.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=05191306d93d4c04827773b8d2151cd7\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11593596\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"The City of Santa Monica has created a list and searchable map of seismically vulnerable buildings.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-960x649.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-240x162.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-375x254.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SantaMonicaMapCap-520x352.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Monica has created a list and searchable map of seismically vulnerable buildings. \u003ccite>(City of Santa Monica)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What impact the state’s new seismic hazard mapping could ultimately have on the city’s seismic upgrade plan and on future development is still uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’ll bring greater awareness of the risks. I think that’s good for any person that lives or works in Santa Monica,” says Martha Cox-Nitikman, senior director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bomagla.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public policy for the Building Owners and Managers Association of Greater Los Angeles\u003c/a>. The association represents the interests of several large property owners in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city might want to go back sometime later and update some of the engineering standards,” says Cox-Nitikman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now I think building owners are just looking at the standards that are in the (city) ordinance that we are currently living with, and there are standards in embedded in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new California Geological Survey fault hazard maps and the law behind it can only do so much. Ultimately it depends on local leaders in the affected communities to decide how strictly they’ll enforce the building standards outlined by the state.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Al Gore Lauds State's Climate Policies During S.F. Visit",
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"content": "\u003cp>The former vice president and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/\">Nobel Peace Prize recipient\u003c/a> Al Gore greeted a boisterous San Francisco audience around midday today at the Commonwealth Club. Gore is in town to promote his new documentary “\u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6322922/\">An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film highlights what he calls, the real energy revolution. He’s optimistic sustainable trends can help fend off the dark warnings he made a decade ago in his first film “\u003ca href=\"https://www.algore.com/library/an-inconvenient-truth-dvd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Inconvenient Truth\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the lights dimmed on a packed crowd, the new films’ trailer opened with Gore thundering, “It is right to save humanity! It is wrong to pollute planet Earth. It is right to give hope to future generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘California has shown that when you show leadership on climate, it helps the economy.’\u003ccite>Former Vice President Al Gore\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The film follows Gore around the globe while he reports on the calamities of climate change but also illustrates places where renewable energy is taking hold. A key moment illustrates his role in convincing India to sign onto the \u003ca href=\"http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2016 Paris Climate Agreement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is interspersed with clips from President Donald Trump actively questioning the existence of global warming. There’s a cut of Trump on the campaign trail bellowing, “Our plan will end the EPA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sold out crowd was delighted when Commonwealth Club emcee \u003ca href=\"https://climateone.org/people/greg-dalton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Greg Dalton\u003c/a> stumbled over Trump’s name, Gore joked, “you almost choked on that”. The room filled with snickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dalton asked Gore about Trump pulling out of the Paris agreement, the former vice president lowered his eyes, “I was very worried,” Gore said. “I thought there was a chance he would come to his senses, but I was wrong. When he made his speech I was deeply concerned that other countries might use it as an excuse to pull out of the agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore said he was surprised and relieved that wasn’t the case. “It’s almost as if they [other countries] were saying ‘We’ll show you Donald Trump.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore praised California’s environmental efforts both at the event and this morning while speaking on KQED’s morning talk show “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/07/21/al-gore-spotlights-new-climate-challenges-with-an-inconvenient-sequel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Forum\u003c/a>.” He commended California’s ‘political defiance’ under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has shown that when you show leadership on climate, it helps the economy,” adding, “we’re going to win this in spite of Donald Trump.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He highlighted several local examples like Jerry Brown’s extension last week on the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/capandtrade.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cap-and-Trade Program\u003c/a>, and the commitment from both Apple and Google to honor the tenets of the Paris climate agreement regardless of what’s happening at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All over the world we are seeing that the sustainability revolution and the renewable energy and efficiency actually represents the brightest potential for creating tens of millions of new jobs and restoring some dynamism for sustainable growth,” said Gore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former vice president ended on a note of optimism. “We’re gonna win this,” Gore said about fighting climate change. “The question is whether we win this in time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crowd stood and cheered as they clutched copies of the film’s companion book ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Inconvenient-Sequel-Truth-Power/dp/1635651085/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1500929325&sr=8-1&keywords=truth+to+power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Truth to Power\u003c/a>‘ as Gore waved and walked off stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“An Inconvenient Sequel” is showing at \u003ca href=\"https://sfjff.org/films/film-guide/an-inconvenient-sequel-truth-to-power\">7:30 tonight at the Castro theater\u003c/a> as part of the Jewish Film Festival.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Al Gore greeted a packed house at San Francisco's Commonwealth Club Monday to promote his new documentary “An Inconvenient Sequel,” about the threats climate change poses to humanity.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The former vice president and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/\">Nobel Peace Prize recipient\u003c/a> Al Gore greeted a boisterous San Francisco audience around midday today at the Commonwealth Club. Gore is in town to promote his new documentary “\u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6322922/\">An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film highlights what he calls, the real energy revolution. He’s optimistic sustainable trends can help fend off the dark warnings he made a decade ago in his first film “\u003ca href=\"https://www.algore.com/library/an-inconvenient-truth-dvd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Inconvenient Truth\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the lights dimmed on a packed crowd, the new films’ trailer opened with Gore thundering, “It is right to save humanity! It is wrong to pollute planet Earth. It is right to give hope to future generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘California has shown that when you show leadership on climate, it helps the economy.’\u003ccite>Former Vice President Al Gore\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The film follows Gore around the globe while he reports on the calamities of climate change but also illustrates places where renewable energy is taking hold. A key moment illustrates his role in convincing India to sign onto the \u003ca href=\"http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2016 Paris Climate Agreement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is interspersed with clips from President Donald Trump actively questioning the existence of global warming. There’s a cut of Trump on the campaign trail bellowing, “Our plan will end the EPA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sold out crowd was delighted when Commonwealth Club emcee \u003ca href=\"https://climateone.org/people/greg-dalton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Greg Dalton\u003c/a> stumbled over Trump’s name, Gore joked, “you almost choked on that”. The room filled with snickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dalton asked Gore about Trump pulling out of the Paris agreement, the former vice president lowered his eyes, “I was very worried,” Gore said. “I thought there was a chance he would come to his senses, but I was wrong. When he made his speech I was deeply concerned that other countries might use it as an excuse to pull out of the agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore said he was surprised and relieved that wasn’t the case. “It’s almost as if they [other countries] were saying ‘We’ll show you Donald Trump.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore praised California’s environmental efforts both at the event and this morning while speaking on KQED’s morning talk show “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/07/21/al-gore-spotlights-new-climate-challenges-with-an-inconvenient-sequel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Forum\u003c/a>.” He commended California’s ‘political defiance’ under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has shown that when you show leadership on climate, it helps the economy,” adding, “we’re going to win this in spite of Donald Trump.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He highlighted several local examples like Jerry Brown’s extension last week on the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/capandtrade.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cap-and-Trade Program\u003c/a>, and the commitment from both Apple and Google to honor the tenets of the Paris climate agreement regardless of what’s happening at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All over the world we are seeing that the sustainability revolution and the renewable energy and efficiency actually represents the brightest potential for creating tens of millions of new jobs and restoring some dynamism for sustainable growth,” said Gore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former vice president ended on a note of optimism. “We’re gonna win this,” Gore said about fighting climate change. “The question is whether we win this in time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crowd stood and cheered as they clutched copies of the film’s companion book ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Inconvenient-Sequel-Truth-Power/dp/1635651085/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1500929325&sr=8-1&keywords=truth+to+power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Truth to Power\u003c/a>‘ as Gore waved and walked off stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“An Inconvenient Sequel” is showing at \u003ca href=\"https://sfjff.org/films/film-guide/an-inconvenient-sequel-truth-to-power\">7:30 tonight at the Castro theater\u003c/a> as part of the Jewish Film Festival.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This summer, scientists in California are releasing 20 million mosquitoes in an effort to shrink the population of mosquitoes that can carry diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds counterintuitive. But the plan is to release millions of sterile male mosquitoes, which will then mate with wild female mosquitoes. The eggs the females lay won’t hatch, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is called \u003ca href=\"https://blog.verily.com/2017/07/debug-fresno-our-first-us-field-study.html\">Debug Fresno\u003c/a> and it’s being undertaken by Verily, a subsidiary of Alphabet, Google’s holding company. It’s the company’s first field study involving sterile mosquitoes in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the goal is to cut the population of \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes — the species responsible for spreading Zika, dengue and chikungunya. \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> have been present in California’s Central Valley since 2013 and have been a problem in Fresno County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a terrible nuisance, a terrible biting nuisance. It’s changed the way people can enjoy their backyard and it’s a threat for disease transmission,” Steve Mulligan of Fresno County’s Consolidated Mosquito Abatement District told \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/07/19/scientists-plan-to-trick-zika-carrying-mosquitoes-into-breeding-themselves-out-of-existence/?utm_term=.488aede6eedb\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each week for 20 weeks, the company plans to release 1 million of the sterile, non-biting male mosquitoes in two neighborhoods in Fresno County. The male mosquitoes are bred and infected with \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em>, a bacterium that is “naturally found in at least 40 percent of all insect species,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/46021/title/Bacterium-Blocks-Zika-s-Spread/\">The Scientist magazine\u003c/a>, though it’s normally not found in \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over time, we hope to see a steep decline in the presence of \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> in these communities,” Verily says in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a phenomenon called cytoplasmic incompatibility, “matings between \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em>-infected males and uninfected females results in embryo lethality or low hatch rates,” William Sullivan and Scott L. O’Neill \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v543/n7644/fig_tab/nature21509_F1.html\">write in the journal Nature\u003c/a>. “Because the effect of \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em> infection on insect reproduction favours the survival of \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em>-infected females over uninfected females, \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em> can rapidly spread through an insect population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em> also helps mosquitoes to avoid carrying diseases like Zika in the first place. \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> “carrying \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em> bacteria were highly resistant to Zika virus infection, and were unable to transmit the virus via their saliva,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/46021/title/Bacterium-Blocks-Zika-s-Spread/\">The Scientist writes\u003c/a>, citing a 2016 study in Brazil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The magazine says the bacterium “is not known” to infect humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verily is partnering in the project with the Kentucky-based company MosquitoMate and the Consolidated Mosquito Abatement District of Fresno County. They plan to study the \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> population density and number of eggs hatching in the experimental areas and compare to control neighborhoods to measure the experiment’s effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time the bacteria-carrying mosquitoes have been released into the wild in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MosquitoMate and the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District \u003ca href=\"http://fkmcd.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=d8c2b636e93b40b4b940e6042ef286c6\">released 75,000\u003c/a> \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em>-carrying mosquitoes each week for several weeks this spring in the Florida Keys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year in Fresno, MosquitoMate and county officials released \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/14/15972950/mosquitoes-google-alphabet-verily-debug-wolbachia-bacteria-fresno-california\">about 800,000\u003c/a> of the mosquitoes. This experiment is a 25-fold increase on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verily says it developed “automated mass rearing and sex-sorting processes,” which enable it to breed and release so many of the mosquitoes in such a short time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> is an invasive species to Fresno County, and officials told the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> they don’t predict an impact on the local ecosystem from reducing or eliminating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method Verily is using to cut the mosquito population differs from the experiment the British company Oxitec proposed last year in the Florida Keys. In contrast to the mosquitoes being infected by bacteria, Oxitec has released males that are genetically modified with “a gene that causes the mosquito’s offspring to die in the first two to three days of life,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.dallasnews.com/news/zika-virus/2017/07/14/genetically-engineered-mosquitoes-wipe-zika-dallas-county-oppose-local-trials\">The Dallas Morning News\u003c/a>. Many Florida Keys residents \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/20/502717253/florida-keys-approves-trial-of-genetically-modified-mosquitoes-to-fight-zika\">bitterly opposed\u003c/a> the proposed experiment last year; some Texas residents are reacting similarly to a proposed trial there, the \u003cem>Morning News\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the spring to the fall of 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/s0620-virus-carrying-mosquitoes.html\">38 additional counties\u003c/a> in the U.S. reported evidence of the \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> mosquito, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Since the beginning of 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/reporting/case-counts.html\">more than 5,300\u003c/a> symptomatic cases of Zika were reported to the CDC in the U.S., though the vast majority stemmed from people traveling to affected areas. As of Wednesday, the agency said there were \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/reporting/2017-case-counts.html\">no reported cases\u003c/a> of people getting Zika in the U.S. this year “through presumed local mosquito-borne transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This summer, scientists in California are releasing 20 million mosquitoes in an effort to shrink the population of mosquitoes that can carry diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds counterintuitive. But the plan is to release millions of sterile male mosquitoes, which will then mate with wild female mosquitoes. The eggs the females lay won’t hatch, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is called \u003ca href=\"https://blog.verily.com/2017/07/debug-fresno-our-first-us-field-study.html\">Debug Fresno\u003c/a> and it’s being undertaken by Verily, a subsidiary of Alphabet, Google’s holding company. It’s the company’s first field study involving sterile mosquitoes in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the goal is to cut the population of \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes — the species responsible for spreading Zika, dengue and chikungunya. \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> have been present in California’s Central Valley since 2013 and have been a problem in Fresno County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a terrible nuisance, a terrible biting nuisance. It’s changed the way people can enjoy their backyard and it’s a threat for disease transmission,” Steve Mulligan of Fresno County’s Consolidated Mosquito Abatement District told \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/07/19/scientists-plan-to-trick-zika-carrying-mosquitoes-into-breeding-themselves-out-of-existence/?utm_term=.488aede6eedb\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each week for 20 weeks, the company plans to release 1 million of the sterile, non-biting male mosquitoes in two neighborhoods in Fresno County. The male mosquitoes are bred and infected with \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em>, a bacterium that is “naturally found in at least 40 percent of all insect species,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/46021/title/Bacterium-Blocks-Zika-s-Spread/\">The Scientist magazine\u003c/a>, though it’s normally not found in \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over time, we hope to see a steep decline in the presence of \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> in these communities,” Verily says in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a phenomenon called cytoplasmic incompatibility, “matings between \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em>-infected males and uninfected females results in embryo lethality or low hatch rates,” William Sullivan and Scott L. O’Neill \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v543/n7644/fig_tab/nature21509_F1.html\">write in the journal Nature\u003c/a>. “Because the effect of \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em> infection on insect reproduction favours the survival of \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em>-infected females over uninfected females, \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em> can rapidly spread through an insect population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em> also helps mosquitoes to avoid carrying diseases like Zika in the first place. \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> “carrying \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em> bacteria were highly resistant to Zika virus infection, and were unable to transmit the virus via their saliva,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/46021/title/Bacterium-Blocks-Zika-s-Spread/\">The Scientist writes\u003c/a>, citing a 2016 study in Brazil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The magazine says the bacterium “is not known” to infect humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verily is partnering in the project with the Kentucky-based company MosquitoMate and the Consolidated Mosquito Abatement District of Fresno County. They plan to study the \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> population density and number of eggs hatching in the experimental areas and compare to control neighborhoods to measure the experiment’s effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time the bacteria-carrying mosquitoes have been released into the wild in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MosquitoMate and the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District \u003ca href=\"http://fkmcd.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=d8c2b636e93b40b4b940e6042ef286c6\">released 75,000\u003c/a> \u003cem>Wolbachia\u003c/em>-carrying mosquitoes each week for several weeks this spring in the Florida Keys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year in Fresno, MosquitoMate and county officials released \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/14/15972950/mosquitoes-google-alphabet-verily-debug-wolbachia-bacteria-fresno-california\">about 800,000\u003c/a> of the mosquitoes. This experiment is a 25-fold increase on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verily says it developed “automated mass rearing and sex-sorting processes,” which enable it to breed and release so many of the mosquitoes in such a short time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> is an invasive species to Fresno County, and officials told the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> they don’t predict an impact on the local ecosystem from reducing or eliminating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method Verily is using to cut the mosquito population differs from the experiment the British company Oxitec proposed last year in the Florida Keys. In contrast to the mosquitoes being infected by bacteria, Oxitec has released males that are genetically modified with “a gene that causes the mosquito’s offspring to die in the first two to three days of life,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.dallasnews.com/news/zika-virus/2017/07/14/genetically-engineered-mosquitoes-wipe-zika-dallas-county-oppose-local-trials\">The Dallas Morning News\u003c/a>. Many Florida Keys residents \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/20/502717253/florida-keys-approves-trial-of-genetically-modified-mosquitoes-to-fight-zika\">bitterly opposed\u003c/a> the proposed experiment last year; some Texas residents are reacting similarly to a proposed trial there, the \u003cem>Morning News\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the spring to the fall of 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/s0620-virus-carrying-mosquitoes.html\">38 additional counties\u003c/a> in the U.S. reported evidence of the \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> mosquito, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Since the beginning of 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/reporting/case-counts.html\">more than 5,300\u003c/a> symptomatic cases of Zika were reported to the CDC in the U.S., though the vast majority stemmed from people traveling to affected areas. 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"title": "This Mariposa Family Stayed While the Detwiler Fire Burned. Here's What It Was Like.",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 5,000 people were evacuated from Mariposa County this week after a massive wildfire swept through the area. But Jason Hawley, a resident of the historic mining town of Mariposa, wasn’t one of them: He rejected the evacuation order, saying he wanted to stay in an effort to save his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawley used his 3,000-gallon water tank to wet his house and a tractor to cut a line around it. “And we literally saved it by inches,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried to save his neighbor’s house, too. A lifelong Mariposa resident, Hawley went to high school with the people who used to live there and the families are still close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, this is so sad. This is everything — I mean literally this is all of his work stuff, his home. This is everything he had,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While trying to save his neighbor’s property, Hawley filmed his efforts. In the video, which he shared with KQED, Hawley can be heard saying: “People leave and they don’t realize they can fight fire. People just let their house burn down. They can save their houses. Now I have to!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawley, who barely saved his own house, said it fell to him to let his friends know everything was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to officials, 58 homes and 60 other buildings were destroyed by the wildfire that burned 115 square miles and threatened 1.500 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Friday morning, firefighters have lifted the evacuation orders for Mariposa County. The cause of the fire remains under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.facebook.com/KQEDnews/videos/1538313679576357/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Vanessa Rancano contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Officials say 58 homes and 60 other buildings were destroyed by the wildfire that burned 115 square miles.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 5,000 people were evacuated from Mariposa County this week after a massive wildfire swept through the area. But Jason Hawley, a resident of the historic mining town of Mariposa, wasn’t one of them: He rejected the evacuation order, saying he wanted to stay in an effort to save his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawley used his 3,000-gallon water tank to wet his house and a tractor to cut a line around it. “And we literally saved it by inches,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried to save his neighbor’s house, too. A lifelong Mariposa resident, Hawley went to high school with the people who used to live there and the families are still close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, this is so sad. This is everything — I mean literally this is all of his work stuff, his home. This is everything he had,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While trying to save his neighbor’s property, Hawley filmed his efforts. In the video, which he shared with KQED, Hawley can be heard saying: “People leave and they don’t realize they can fight fire. People just let their house burn down. They can save their houses. Now I have to!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawley, who barely saved his own house, said it fell to him to let his friends know everything was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to officials, 58 homes and 60 other buildings were destroyed by the wildfire that burned 115 square miles and threatened 1.500 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Friday morning, firefighters have lifted the evacuation orders for Mariposa County. The cause of the fire remains under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.facebook.com/KQEDnews/videos/1538313679576357/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Vanessa Rancano contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
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