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"content": "\u003cp>A powerful storm visible in satellite images has dramatically changed the state’s seasonal snowpack totals, according to today’s monthly survey — but it still leaves California’s water supplies well below normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Watch how you use water.’\u003ccite>Frank Gherke,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Department of Water Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada’s biggest storm of the year attracted (and threatened) skiiers and closed some roads; Squaw Valley and Alpine Meadows \u003ca href=\"http://squawalpine.com/explore/blog/over-7-feet-storm-totals-and-over-100-inches-9-days\">reported\u003c/a> 7 feet of snow this weekend. The storm also delayed state scientists’ monthly trek out to Phillips Station, just off highway 50 near Echo Summit. This is just one spot in the California Cooperative Snow Survey (CCSS) managed by the Department of Water Resources (DWR).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, survey chief, Frank Gehrke, found 41.5 inches of snow at the site, with a water content of just over nine inches. That’s more than triple what the site held a week earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=7700848e-20b6-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n“It’s an encouraging start to March, but we’ve got a long way to go,” Gehrke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements from the larger network of stations comprising the CCSS find the state’s snowpack \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\">at around 37% of normal\u003c/a> for this time of year. That’s a potential problem since the frozen reservoir of water in California’s snowpack has, in the past, provided around a third of the state’s supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would take two more of the sort of storms we just went through” to approach normal snowpack by April 1, Gehrke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials ended the state declaration of drought in 2017, buoyed by last year’s near-record winter rains. But paltry winter precipitation has returned nearly half the state to drought again, \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">according to the U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=38d377de-20b6-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much snow dumped in the last few days that the Sierra Avalanche Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/advisory%20of%20deep%20slab%20and%20wind-driven%20avalanches\">is warning\u003c/a> of considerable risk. And recent rainstorms \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/rescond.pdf\">have filled\u003c/a> reservoirs to capacity or close to it even in overdry Southern California. Those conditions have helped stave off a return to declared drought in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA climatologist Dan Swain points out that changing climatic conditions may force change in policy considerations, too. Historically, California has swung between lean water years and fat ones, between warm years and cold. However, he says, “we’re definitely drifting in a certain temperature right now, which is warmer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=01cbfb8a-20b6-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nWhat that means, Swain says, is that California is likely to see two conditions thought to be contradictory: more rain years as well as more severe and prolonged droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These systems that we have in place right now were designed for a particular climate that no longer exists,” Swain says, “and will be even further from the climate we’re likely to have just a couple of decades from now,.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR’s Gehrke says the survey offers a simpler and immediate lesson: “Watch how you use water.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would take two more of the sort of storms we just went through” to approach normal snowpack by April 1, Gehrke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials ended the state declaration of drought in 2017, buoyed by last year’s near-record winter rains. But paltry winter precipitation has returned nearly half the state to drought again, \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">according to the U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=38d377de-20b6-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much snow dumped in the last few days that the Sierra Avalanche Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/advisory%20of%20deep%20slab%20and%20wind-driven%20avalanches\">is warning\u003c/a> of considerable risk. And recent rainstorms \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/rescond.pdf\">have filled\u003c/a> reservoirs to capacity or close to it even in overdry Southern California. Those conditions have helped stave off a return to declared drought in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA climatologist Dan Swain points out that changing climatic conditions may force change in policy considerations, too. Historically, California has swung between lean water years and fat ones, between warm years and cold. However, he says, “we’re definitely drifting in a certain temperature right now, which is warmer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=01cbfb8a-20b6-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nWhat that means, Swain says, is that California is likely to see two conditions thought to be contradictory: more rain years as well as more severe and prolonged droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These systems that we have in place right now were designed for a particular climate that no longer exists,” Swain says, “and will be even further from the climate we’re likely to have just a couple of decades from now,.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR’s Gehrke says the survey offers a simpler and immediate lesson: “Watch how you use water.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: April 20, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A California Appellate Court affirmed that the main ingredient in the popular weed killer Round-up can be listed as a probable carcinogen under \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>. Last year the state determined consumers should be warned that glyphosate could cause cancer. 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It has big stakes for Monsanto and hundreds of farmers and others who have sued the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria will spend a week hearing from experts to help decide whether there is valid scientific evidence to support the lawsuits’ claim that exposure to Roundup can cause non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.[contextly_sidebar id=”HjEwa348Joj3qmYbjKbXSdj8hUL33ynu”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria is presiding over more than 300 lawsuits against Monsanto Co. by cancer victims and their families who say the company long knew about Roundup’s cancer risk but failed to warn them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs must first persuade Chhabria, however, that he should allow their epidemiologists and other doctors to testify to a jury that Roundup can cause cancer. Many regulators have rejected the link, and Monsanto vehemently denies it and says hundreds of studies have found glyphosate — Roundup’s active ingredient — is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria will not determine if the cancer connection exists, but whether the claim has been tested, reviewed and published and is widely accepted in the scientific community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s game over for the plaintiffs if they can’t get over this hurdle,” said David Levine, an expert in federal court procedure at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Herbicide Glyphosate On Trial\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMonsanto developed glyphosate in the 1970s, and the weed killer is now sold in more than 160 countries. Farmers in California use it on more than 200 types of crops. Homeowners use it to keep their lawns and gardens pristine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>St. Louis-based Monsanto also sells seeds genetically modified to produce crops that can tolerate being sprayed with glyphosate as the surrounding weeds die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920400\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1920400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer fills his agricultural sprayer with roundup, a glyphosate based herbicide made by agrochemical giant Monsanto, in Piace, northwestern France, on December 29, 2017. \u003ccite>(Jean-Francois Monier/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the herbicide came under increasing scrutiny after the International Agency for Research on Cancer, based in Lyon, France — part of the World Health Organization — classified it as a “probable human carcinogen” in 2015. A flurry of lawsuits against Monsanto in federal and states courts followed, and California added glyphosate to its list of chemicals known to cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christine Sheppard, among those suing Monsanto, said she sprayed Roundup for years to control weeds on her Hawaii coffee farm. In 2003, she was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and given six months to live. Now 68, she is in remission but experiences severe pain in her hands and legs from her cancer treatment and has a weak immune system. She believes Roundup is to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing that really gets to me right now is when I walk into Home Depot and places like that and see Roundup still for sale, still advertised as the best thing people can use,” said Sheppard, who now lives near San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto has attacked the international research agency’s opinion as an outlier. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says glyphosate is safe for humans when used in accordance with label directions. A draft report by the agency last year concluded the herbicide is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans. The report noted science reviews by numerous other countries as well as a 2017 National Institute of Health survey had reached the same conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are more than 800 published studies — scientific, medical and peer-reviewed — which demonstrate that glyphosate is safe and there is no association whatsoever with any form of cancer,” said Scott Partridge, vice president of strategy at Monsanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Warning Label Blocked\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA federal judge in Sacramento last week blocked California from requiring that Roundup carry a label stating that it is known to cause cancer, saying the warning is misleading because almost all regulators have concluded there is no evidence glyphosate is a carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timothy Litzenburg, an attorney for the plaintiffs, said the connection between glyphosate and cancer is not “junk science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just do a literature search and find many, many peer-reviewed, published articles concluding that glyphosate exposure increases the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In an unusual set of hearings scheduled this week, a federal judge will conduct his own Monsanto review.",
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"title": "State Wins Appeal Affirming Roundup Listing as Probable Carcinogen | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: April 20, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A California Appellate Court affirmed that the main ingredient in the popular weed killer Round-up can be listed as a probable carcinogen under \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>. Last year the state determined consumers should be warned that glyphosate could cause cancer. Monsanto challenged the ruling about their herbicide but lost the battle yesterday. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Proposition 65 requires notification and labeling of all chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, and prohibits their discharge into drinking waters of the state.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story, March 5, 2018:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Claims that the active ingredient in the widely used weed killer Roundup can cause cancer have been evaluated by international agencies, U.S. and foreign regulators and the product’s manufacturer — agribusiness giant Monsanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a federal judge in San Francisco will conduct his own review during an unusual set of court hearings scheduled to start Monday. It has big stakes for Monsanto and hundreds of farmers and others who have sued the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria will spend a week hearing from experts to help decide whether there is valid scientific evidence to support the lawsuits’ claim that exposure to Roundup can cause non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria is presiding over more than 300 lawsuits against Monsanto Co. by cancer victims and their families who say the company long knew about Roundup’s cancer risk but failed to warn them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs must first persuade Chhabria, however, that he should allow their epidemiologists and other doctors to testify to a jury that Roundup can cause cancer. Many regulators have rejected the link, and Monsanto vehemently denies it and says hundreds of studies have found glyphosate — Roundup’s active ingredient — is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria will not determine if the cancer connection exists, but whether the claim has been tested, reviewed and published and is widely accepted in the scientific community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s game over for the plaintiffs if they can’t get over this hurdle,” said David Levine, an expert in federal court procedure at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Herbicide Glyphosate On Trial\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMonsanto developed glyphosate in the 1970s, and the weed killer is now sold in more than 160 countries. Farmers in California use it on more than 200 types of crops. Homeowners use it to keep their lawns and gardens pristine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>St. Louis-based Monsanto also sells seeds genetically modified to produce crops that can tolerate being sprayed with glyphosate as the surrounding weeds die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920400\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1920400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/GettyImages-899547980-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer fills his agricultural sprayer with roundup, a glyphosate based herbicide made by agrochemical giant Monsanto, in Piace, northwestern France, on December 29, 2017. \u003ccite>(Jean-Francois Monier/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the herbicide came under increasing scrutiny after the International Agency for Research on Cancer, based in Lyon, France — part of the World Health Organization — classified it as a “probable human carcinogen” in 2015. A flurry of lawsuits against Monsanto in federal and states courts followed, and California added glyphosate to its list of chemicals known to cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christine Sheppard, among those suing Monsanto, said she sprayed Roundup for years to control weeds on her Hawaii coffee farm. In 2003, she was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and given six months to live. Now 68, she is in remission but experiences severe pain in her hands and legs from her cancer treatment and has a weak immune system. She believes Roundup is to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing that really gets to me right now is when I walk into Home Depot and places like that and see Roundup still for sale, still advertised as the best thing people can use,” said Sheppard, who now lives near San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto has attacked the international research agency’s opinion as an outlier. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says glyphosate is safe for humans when used in accordance with label directions. A draft report by the agency last year concluded the herbicide is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans. The report noted science reviews by numerous other countries as well as a 2017 National Institute of Health survey had reached the same conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are more than 800 published studies — scientific, medical and peer-reviewed — which demonstrate that glyphosate is safe and there is no association whatsoever with any form of cancer,” said Scott Partridge, vice president of strategy at Monsanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Warning Label Blocked\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA federal judge in Sacramento last week blocked California from requiring that Roundup carry a label stating that it is known to cause cancer, saying the warning is misleading because almost all regulators have concluded there is no evidence glyphosate is a carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timothy Litzenburg, an attorney for the plaintiffs, said the connection between glyphosate and cancer is not “junk science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just do a literature search and find many, many peer-reviewed, published articles concluding that glyphosate exposure increases the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-contentious-future-of-point-reyes-heres-what-you-need-to-know",
"title": "The Contentious Future of Point Reyes -- Here's What You Need to Know",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On a rocky peninsula with sweeping views of the Pacific Ocean, an hour north of San Francisco, cows, tule elk, and people have shared the land for several hundred years — but lately, with growing conflict. That’s why the National Park Service is rethinking how to manage the rangelands in the Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Everything is on the table.’\u003ccite>Melanie Gunn\u003cbr>\nPoint Reyes National Seashore\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>President John F. Kennedy established the national park at Point Reyes in 1962, but the government only owned some of the land. The rest had been cattle and dairy land for 100 years. So federal authorities paid out $50 million in the 1960s and 70s to buy the land from the cattle and dairy ranchers. Ranchers were able to stay under long-term leases, and some two million people visit annually, from all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After an effort to restore tule elk, the herds now roam over the park’s wildlands, as they did before human development nearly drove them to extinction. But they’ve also spread to the ranchlands, becoming a little too free-range for the liking of ranchers, who make their livelihood on public lands. And a bacteria common to dairy and cattle has sickened some of the elk. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These conditions brewed a sour fight among conservationists, the park service, and ranchers, culminating in litigation four years ago. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920695\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920695\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle belonging to Marin Sun Farms, Inc. graze the land on Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a result, the park service now is modifying its General Management Plan, a kind of road map to the next twenty years on rangelands at Point Reyes. In doing that, the park service must consider cutting ranching out of the national seashore altogether. Other ideas for the future include expanding farming and eliminating some of the elk.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The question we need to resolve through this planning process is whether or not we can have elk and cattle coexisting and what it takes to make it work,” says Dave Press, a National Park Service wildlife ecologist. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1336\" height=\"1075\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1920716\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302.jpg 1336w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-160x129.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-800x644.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-768x618.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-1020x821.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-1180x949.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-960x772.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-240x193.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-375x302.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-520x418.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1336px) 100vw, 1336px\">\u003c/a>Melanie Gunn, a spokeswoman for the seashore, says it’s a public process, “so everything is on the table.” Even the alternatives the public has seen so far aren’t set in stone. “We’re in listening mode,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The park service has now released thousands of comments about the park’s future, but the actual planning is only just beginning. Here’s what you need to know to make sense of, or participate in, the process.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Point Reyes is the only national park where tule elk are visible. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tule elk disappeared from the peninsula in the mid-nineteenth century; they didn’t move back until 1978, after the seashore was established. Today the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk_tomales_point_faq.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tomales Point Elk Preserve\u003c/a> holds around 450 of them, behind a tall fence on the north side of the seashore. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tule elk are native to California, and were reintroduced to Point Reyes National Seashore beginning 40 years ago. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elk have spread along the seashore. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fenced preserve was so successful, wildlife managers added a free-range herd in 1998. That second herd has split, with more than a hundred elk hanging out down by Drake’s Estero, and Limantour Road, and a smaller number further north, by Drake’s Beach. Our map shows the range for both free-range herds, based on NPS data. \u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cattle fences don’t work on elk.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Tule elk are the smallest elk species (of three) in California, but they’re still 600 pounds, and nimble. They can jump a cattle fence easily, to graze the organic grasses ranchers maintain for their grass-fed beef and organic cheese. Ranch fences keep cattle away from some sensitive waterways and wilderness at the seashore. But the only fencing at Point Reyes that controls elk is at the elk preserve, where a three-mile long, ten-foot high, wood-and-wire fence confines the original herd.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pasture of fresh grass belonging to Marin Sun Farms, Inc. is ready for grazing. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A wasting disease has struck elk and cattle out on the Point Reyes peninsula.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A bacteria found at Tomales Point decades ago, probably connected to a defunct ranching operation, has caused outbreaks of Johne’s Disease over the years – a contagious, chronic, common, and often fatal sickness in dairy operations. Its symptoms include weight loss and diarrhea for affected animals. \u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dtU0Yc0WDKONGgcKXeia50w0azAM1epd”]\u003cb>We haven’t fully sleuthed out the disease – in part because no testing is required for it. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The park service tests and quarantines elk from the free-range herd, but the last tests for elk in the fenced reserve were a decade ago. The park service says there’s no money for genetic tests for the bacterium that causes the disease, and the test itself can be hard to interpret. Finally, cattle and dairy operations may or may not test for Johne’s in their herds. All that means it’s hard to say with certainty which animals have passed the disease to each other, and when. \u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Everyone agrees the federal government paid fair market value for land bought from ranchers, but grazing fees may be a different story.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Between 1963-1978, the government paid ranching families nearly $50 million for their lands, then allowed them to run dairy and cattle operations on public land under successive 20- and 30-year leases. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920681\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Evans and his wife Claire Herminjard of Marin Sun Farms say they rotate their cattle and take care to protect habitats for endangered species. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranchers pay $7 a cow a month to graze on public land. That’s higher than other federal lands, and park management says those fees \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/100/94025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cover the cost\u003c/a> of administering the lands,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> still, conservationists point out that grazing costs are as much as double on other Marin lands. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Want to see row crops at Point Reyes? Ranchers do.\u003c/b> The word artichoke appears 92 times in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_amendment_initial_public_comments.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public comments file\u003c/a>, and for a reason: the Point Reyes Seashore Ranchers Association is pushing for something called “agricultural diversification.” It would permit pigs, sheep and row crops within park boundaries; interested West Marin residents have weighed in for and against the idea.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And ranchers argue cattle grazing can be beneficial to grassland. David Evans and Claire Herminjard, who manage Marin Sun Farms and Mindful Meats on park service land, say they control the timing and severity of grazing to manage the land. “Our central love and goal is to make sure that we are doing the best possible job we can, in taking care of the land, the pastures, and all of the layers of ecosystem that are out here, in tandem with our livestock,” Herminjard says, “and our livestock do the best job at being able to keep grasslands viable.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920703\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920703\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1245\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-768x498.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-960x623.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tule Elk graze on grass in a field at Point Reyes National Seashore Elk Preserve. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Environmental groups who sued the National Park Service in 2014 remain skeptical about federal rangeland management at Point Reyes.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “From impacts to endangered species, to water pollution, invasive species, soil erosion and conflicts with native wildlife – there’s enough negative impacts from grazing that the park service has to look at them,” says the Center for Biological Diversity’s Jeff Miller. Grazing is a privilege, not a right, say environmental advocates, and the government should take it away if ranching doesn’t meet high standards. “We feel that the general management plan should prioritize the protection of wildlife and habitat, and also it being a resource for visitors,” says Deb Moskowitz, with the Resource Renewal Institute of Mill Valley, “and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">then\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> see how ranching could possibly fit into that.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cb>Climate change may mean that the national seashore looks different in 20 years. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We know that we’re going to have sea level rise, average temperature changes, rainfall total changes, distribution of native and non native invasive species, are also going to change,” says Morgan Patton, a fourth-generation Marin resident who runs the Environmental Action Center of West Marin. “We would like to see some discussion about how climate change is going to impact the park’s resources.” NPS ecologist Dave Press says that discussion will happen. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Marin Sun Farms, Inc. calf chewing on foliage at Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Thirty national parks (out of 417) permit some sort of grazing — and at least one permits agriculture.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When the law was passed to create the national park service a hundred years ago, then-Interior Secretary Franklin K. Lane announced that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/cuva/learn/historyculture/farming-in-a-national-park.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grazing would be permitted\u003c/a> in park areas away from visitors, where it wouldn’t interfere with natural resources. During World War I and II, grazing expanded; in western states, operations remain particularly active. And in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, sustainable \u003ca href=\"http://www.cvcountryside.org/farm-farming-home.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">row-crop agriculture\u003c/a> is managed by a collective. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What happens in Point Reyes will help shape an evolving and communal understanding of what our national parkland is for.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Can farming and ranching coexist with wildlife in a national park? At Point Reyes National Seashore, the question is the center of a battle over the park's future.",
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"title": "The Contentious Future of Point Reyes -- Here's What You Need to Know | KQED",
"description": "Can farming and ranching coexist with wildlife in a national park? At Point Reyes National Seashore, the question is the center of a battle over the park's future.",
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"headline": "The Contentious Future of Point Reyes -- Here's What You Need to Know",
"datePublished": "2018-03-05T07:30:28-08:00",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Molly Peterson\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On a rocky peninsula with sweeping views of the Pacific Ocean, an hour north of San Francisco, cows, tule elk, and people have shared the land for several hundred years — but lately, with growing conflict. That’s why the National Park Service is rethinking how to manage the rangelands in the Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Everything is on the table.’\u003ccite>Melanie Gunn\u003cbr>\nPoint Reyes National Seashore\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>President John F. Kennedy established the national park at Point Reyes in 1962, but the government only owned some of the land. The rest had been cattle and dairy land for 100 years. So federal authorities paid out $50 million in the 1960s and 70s to buy the land from the cattle and dairy ranchers. Ranchers were able to stay under long-term leases, and some two million people visit annually, from all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After an effort to restore tule elk, the herds now roam over the park’s wildlands, as they did before human development nearly drove them to extinction. But they’ve also spread to the ranchlands, becoming a little too free-range for the liking of ranchers, who make their livelihood on public lands. And a bacteria common to dairy and cattle has sickened some of the elk. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These conditions brewed a sour fight among conservationists, the park service, and ranchers, culminating in litigation four years ago. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920695\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920695\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29680_Point-Reyes_480-qut-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle belonging to Marin Sun Farms, Inc. graze the land on Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a result, the park service now is modifying its General Management Plan, a kind of road map to the next twenty years on rangelands at Point Reyes. In doing that, the park service must consider cutting ranching out of the national seashore altogether. Other ideas for the future include expanding farming and eliminating some of the elk.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The question we need to resolve through this planning process is whether or not we can have elk and cattle coexisting and what it takes to make it work,” says Dave Press, a National Park Service wildlife ecologist. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1336\" height=\"1075\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1920716\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302.jpg 1336w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-160x129.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-800x644.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-768x618.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-1020x821.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-1180x949.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-960x772.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-240x193.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-375x302.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/PtReyes_Desktop_Final_180302-520x418.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1336px) 100vw, 1336px\">\u003c/a>Melanie Gunn, a spokeswoman for the seashore, says it’s a public process, “so everything is on the table.” Even the alternatives the public has seen so far aren’t set in stone. “We’re in listening mode,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The park service has now released thousands of comments about the park’s future, but the actual planning is only just beginning. Here’s what you need to know to make sense of, or participate in, the process.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Point Reyes is the only national park where tule elk are visible. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tule elk disappeared from the peninsula in the mid-nineteenth century; they didn’t move back until 1978, after the seashore was established. Today the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk_tomales_point_faq.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tomales Point Elk Preserve\u003c/a> holds around 450 of them, behind a tall fence on the north side of the seashore. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29679_Point-Reyes_463-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tule elk are native to California, and were reintroduced to Point Reyes National Seashore beginning 40 years ago. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Elk have spread along the seashore. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fenced preserve was so successful, wildlife managers added a free-range herd in 1998. That second herd has split, with more than a hundred elk hanging out down by Drake’s Estero, and Limantour Road, and a smaller number further north, by Drake’s Beach. Our map shows the range for both free-range herds, based on NPS data. \u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cattle fences don’t work on elk.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Tule elk are the smallest elk species (of three) in California, but they’re still 600 pounds, and nimble. They can jump a cattle fence easily, to graze the organic grasses ranchers maintain for their grass-fed beef and organic cheese. Ranch fences keep cattle away from some sensitive waterways and wilderness at the seashore. But the only fencing at Point Reyes that controls elk is at the elk preserve, where a three-mile long, ten-foot high, wood-and-wire fence confines the original herd.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29693_Point-Reyes_727-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pasture of fresh grass belonging to Marin Sun Farms, Inc. is ready for grazing. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A wasting disease has struck elk and cattle out on the Point Reyes peninsula.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A bacteria found at Tomales Point decades ago, probably connected to a defunct ranching operation, has caused outbreaks of Johne’s Disease over the years – a contagious, chronic, common, and often fatal sickness in dairy operations. Its symptoms include weight loss and diarrhea for affected animals. \u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cb>We haven’t fully sleuthed out the disease – in part because no testing is required for it. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The park service tests and quarantines elk from the free-range herd, but the last tests for elk in the fenced reserve were a decade ago. The park service says there’s no money for genetic tests for the bacterium that causes the disease, and the test itself can be hard to interpret. Finally, cattle and dairy operations may or may not test for Johne’s in their herds. All that means it’s hard to say with certainty which animals have passed the disease to each other, and when. \u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Everyone agrees the federal government paid fair market value for land bought from ranchers, but grazing fees may be a different story.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Between 1963-1978, the government paid ranching families nearly $50 million for their lands, then allowed them to run dairy and cattle operations on public land under successive 20- and 30-year leases. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920681\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29684_Point-Reyes_502-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Evans and his wife Claire Herminjard of Marin Sun Farms say they rotate their cattle and take care to protect habitats for endangered species. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranchers pay $7 a cow a month to graze on public land. That’s higher than other federal lands, and park management says those fees \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/100/94025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cover the cost\u003c/a> of administering the lands,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> still, conservationists point out that grazing costs are as much as double on other Marin lands. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Want to see row crops at Point Reyes? Ranchers do.\u003c/b> The word artichoke appears 92 times in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_amendment_initial_public_comments.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public comments file\u003c/a>, and for a reason: the Point Reyes Seashore Ranchers Association is pushing for something called “agricultural diversification.” It would permit pigs, sheep and row crops within park boundaries; interested West Marin residents have weighed in for and against the idea.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And ranchers argue cattle grazing can be beneficial to grassland. David Evans and Claire Herminjard, who manage Marin Sun Farms and Mindful Meats on park service land, say they control the timing and severity of grazing to manage the land. “Our central love and goal is to make sure that we are doing the best possible job we can, in taking care of the land, the pastures, and all of the layers of ecosystem that are out here, in tandem with our livestock,” Herminjard says, “and our livestock do the best job at being able to keep grasslands viable.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920703\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920703\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1245\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-768x498.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-960x623.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS15482_GettyImages-470387040-qut-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tule Elk graze on grass in a field at Point Reyes National Seashore Elk Preserve. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Environmental groups who sued the National Park Service in 2014 remain skeptical about federal rangeland management at Point Reyes.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “From impacts to endangered species, to water pollution, invasive species, soil erosion and conflicts with native wildlife – there’s enough negative impacts from grazing that the park service has to look at them,” says the Center for Biological Diversity’s Jeff Miller. Grazing is a privilege, not a right, say environmental advocates, and the government should take it away if ranching doesn’t meet high standards. “We feel that the general management plan should prioritize the protection of wildlife and habitat, and also it being a resource for visitors,” says Deb Moskowitz, with the Resource Renewal Institute of Mill Valley, “and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">then\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> see how ranching could possibly fit into that.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cb>Climate change may mean that the national seashore looks different in 20 years. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We know that we’re going to have sea level rise, average temperature changes, rainfall total changes, distribution of native and non native invasive species, are also going to change,” says Morgan Patton, a fourth-generation Marin resident who runs the Environmental Action Center of West Marin. “We would like to see some discussion about how climate change is going to impact the park’s resources.” NPS ecologist Dave Press says that discussion will happen. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS29689_Point-Reyes_622-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Marin Sun Farms, Inc. calf chewing on foliage at Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Thirty national parks (out of 417) permit some sort of grazing — and at least one permits agriculture.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When the law was passed to create the national park service a hundred years ago, then-Interior Secretary Franklin K. Lane announced that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/cuva/learn/historyculture/farming-in-a-national-park.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grazing would be permitted\u003c/a> in park areas away from visitors, where it wouldn’t interfere with natural resources. During World War I and II, grazing expanded; in western states, operations remain particularly active. And in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, sustainable \u003ca href=\"http://www.cvcountryside.org/farm-farming-home.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">row-crop agriculture\u003c/a> is managed by a collective. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What happens in Point Reyes will help shape an evolving and communal understanding of what our national parkland is for.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Launches Environmental Justice Unit to Protect Vulnerable Neighborhoods",
"headTitle": "California Launches Environmental Justice Unit to Protect Vulnerable Neighborhoods | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is getting an Environmental Justice Bureau charged with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/20/bike-car-or-train-which-commute-has-the-worst-air-pollution-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking into polluters\u003c/a> who operate in low-income and minority neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Far too many families in California suffer from both poverty and pollution. In fact, they usually go hand in hand.’\u003ccite>Vien Truong, Green for All\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for state Attorney General Xavier Becerra says the new team will have four lawyers when it’s fully staffed, and is funded from the department’s existing budget. It’s unclear, however, where the funds are being apportioned from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The harsh reality is that some communities in California – particularly low-income communities and communities of color – continue to bear the brunt of pollution from industrial development, poor land use decisions, transportation, and trade corridors,” Becerra said in a statement. “Meeting the needs of these communities requires our focused attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pollution Follows Poverty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies\u003c/a> show that hazardous industrial facilities tend to be located in minority neighborhoods. One long-term \u003ca href=\"http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/23414-targeting-minority-low-income-neighborhoods-for-hazardous-waste-sites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> that reviewed 30 years of demographic data found a “consistent pattern” of placing hazardous waste sites where poor people and people of color live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Minorities and low-income communities are seen as the path of least resistance because they have fewer resources and political clout to oppose the siting of unwanted facilities,” said the 2016 report, published by the University of Michigan and University of Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ddd8eFNoCX4pnjsLz68jDKO0soOYCwDw”]Another long-term \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Toxic Waste and Race at Twenty\u003c/em>, found more than half of all people in the U.S. who live within 1.86 miles of a hazardous waste facility are minorities, exposing neighborhoods dominated by people of color to higher rates of air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new environmental justice unit will focus on cleaning up contaminated drinking water; reducing exposure to toxics in consumer products; and penalizing illegal discharges to air and water affecting low-income and minority neighborhoods. The office will continue to challenge federal decisions that could affect the health of vulnerable neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the issues the new unit is expected to look at includes a federal case concerning the storage of coal at the Port of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Gm3fR5HiYhpFWii7VSdOZw7MixnAyNjE”]A spokesman for Becerra’s office said the state joined the suit by filing an \u003cem>amicus\u003c/em> brief in support of Oakland’s coal ordinance in order to “send a strong message that the time for taking advantage of communities of color is no more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra’s new unit has injected optimism among local activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Far too many families in California suffer from both poverty and pollution — in fact, they usually go hand in hand,” said Vien Truong, director of Oakland-based nonprofit Green For All. “Families across the state will breathe a sigh of relief with the promise of justice and accountability for polluters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> introduced by Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia (D-Coachella) would establish an environmental justice fund for monies from penalties and court settlements, which can then be used for further investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California vs. Trump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has emerged as a prominent challenger to the Trump administration’s efforts to restructure U.S. environmental policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got the scientists, we’ve got the lawyers, and we’re ready to fight,” Governor Jerry Brown said during a speech to the American Geophysical Union last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Trump took office, Becerra has filed more than two dozen lawsuits against the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Energy, Department of Interior, and others. The lawsuits include challenges to federal decisions to repeal fracking regulations and suspend a 2015 rule that would have protected more California rivers under the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Justice Bureau is part of a broader effort by Becerra to clamp down on polluters in the state. According to his office, almost half of the 26\u003cb> \u003c/b>federal lawsuits he has filed so far have focused on children’s access to clean air and drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8epGbOrco4QRXafClKjAijgiwnLEsYSf”]The announcement of the unit comes just weeks after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eliminated a key Clinton-era measure that regulated air pollutants such as arsenic, mercury and lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is among the most dangerous actions that the Trump EPA has taken yet against public health,” John Walke, clean air director at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/media/2018/180125-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Becerra’s office says positions in the new unit will be filled soon.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is getting an Environmental Justice Bureau charged with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/20/bike-car-or-train-which-commute-has-the-worst-air-pollution-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking into polluters\u003c/a> who operate in low-income and minority neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Far too many families in California suffer from both poverty and pollution. In fact, they usually go hand in hand.’\u003ccite>Vien Truong, Green for All\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for state Attorney General Xavier Becerra says the new team will have four lawyers when it’s fully staffed, and is funded from the department’s existing budget. It’s unclear, however, where the funds are being apportioned from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The harsh reality is that some communities in California – particularly low-income communities and communities of color – continue to bear the brunt of pollution from industrial development, poor land use decisions, transportation, and trade corridors,” Becerra said in a statement. “Meeting the needs of these communities requires our focused attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pollution Follows Poverty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies\u003c/a> show that hazardous industrial facilities tend to be located in minority neighborhoods. One long-term \u003ca href=\"http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/23414-targeting-minority-low-income-neighborhoods-for-hazardous-waste-sites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> that reviewed 30 years of demographic data found a “consistent pattern” of placing hazardous waste sites where poor people and people of color live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Minorities and low-income communities are seen as the path of least resistance because they have fewer resources and political clout to oppose the siting of unwanted facilities,” said the 2016 report, published by the University of Michigan and University of Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Another long-term \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Toxic Waste and Race at Twenty\u003c/em>, found more than half of all people in the U.S. who live within 1.86 miles of a hazardous waste facility are minorities, exposing neighborhoods dominated by people of color to higher rates of air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new environmental justice unit will focus on cleaning up contaminated drinking water; reducing exposure to toxics in consumer products; and penalizing illegal discharges to air and water affecting low-income and minority neighborhoods. The office will continue to challenge federal decisions that could affect the health of vulnerable neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the issues the new unit is expected to look at includes a federal case concerning the storage of coal at the Port of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A spokesman for Becerra’s office said the state joined the suit by filing an \u003cem>amicus\u003c/em> brief in support of Oakland’s coal ordinance in order to “send a strong message that the time for taking advantage of communities of color is no more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra’s new unit has injected optimism among local activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Far too many families in California suffer from both poverty and pollution — in fact, they usually go hand in hand,” said Vien Truong, director of Oakland-based nonprofit Green For All. “Families across the state will breathe a sigh of relief with the promise of justice and accountability for polluters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> introduced by Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia (D-Coachella) would establish an environmental justice fund for monies from penalties and court settlements, which can then be used for further investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California vs. Trump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has emerged as a prominent challenger to the Trump administration’s efforts to restructure U.S. environmental policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got the scientists, we’ve got the lawyers, and we’re ready to fight,” Governor Jerry Brown said during a speech to the American Geophysical Union last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Trump took office, Becerra has filed more than two dozen lawsuits against the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Energy, Department of Interior, and others. The lawsuits include challenges to federal decisions to repeal fracking regulations and suspend a 2015 rule that would have protected more California rivers under the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Justice Bureau is part of a broader effort by Becerra to clamp down on polluters in the state. According to his office, almost half of the 26\u003cb> \u003c/b>federal lawsuits he has filed so far have focused on children’s access to clean air and drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The announcement of the unit comes just weeks after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eliminated a key Clinton-era measure that regulated air pollutants such as arsenic, mercury and lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is among the most dangerous actions that the Trump EPA has taken yet against public health,” John Walke, clean air director at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/media/2018/180125-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Becerra’s office says positions in the new unit will be filled soon.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Scientists Say New Reservoirs Will Not Offset Dramatically Declining Snowpack",
"headTitle": "Scientists Say New Reservoirs Will Not Offset Dramatically Declining Snowpack | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have found dramatically declining snowpack across the American West over the past six decades that will likely cause water shortages in the region that cannot be managed by building new reservoirs, according to a study published Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study led by scientists from Oregon State University and the University of California, Los Angeles found drops in snow measurements at more than 90 percent of regional snow monitoring sites that have consistently tracked snow levels since 1955, said Philip Mote, director of the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute at Oregon State University.[contextly_sidebar id=”jcs4HmnmHGGYIdQil2jF8LYi0Zf0cc86″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study authors also used modeling to show the average snowpack in the region dropped between 15 and 30 percent in a little more than a century, he said, and that modeling paralleled the actual findings based on existing measurements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the region’s average snowpack has lost the equivalent volume of water that it would take to fill Lake Mead, the West’s largest man-made reservoir, Mote said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study appeared in NPJ Climate and Atmospheric Science and was a follow-up study to one completed in 2005. This analysis found the loss of snowpack has accelerated, Mote said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bigger decline than we expected,” he said. “In many lower-elevation sites, what used to fall as snow is now rain. Upper elevations have not been affected nearly as much, but most states don’t have that much area at 7,000-plus feet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of water stored in the region’s snowpack is roughly the same as all the water stored in the region’s reservoirs, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Infrastructure Lost Cause\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“The solution isn’t in infrastructure. New reservoirs could not be built fast enough to offset the loss of snow storage,” Mote said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found California had the most gains in snowpack since 1955, but recent droughts erased those gains and caused the snowpack to fall in many locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eastern Oregon and northern Nevada saw the worst decreases in snowpack over the span of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individual sites in California, Montana, Idaho, Washington and Arizona saw snowpack declines of more than 70 percent, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mote said it’s not snowing less, but that the snow is melting sooner in the season at higher elevations, leading to low levels in river and reservoir levels during the driest days of summer and early fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study focused on data from 1,766 snowpack monitoring sites across the western U.S., most of them tracked by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers looked at snow measurements taken April 1, which is typically at the height of the snowpack, but also looked at measurements taken in January, February, March and May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found declining trends in all months, states and climates,” Mote said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snowpack levels are below average in the western U.S. so far in 2018 as well, he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have found dramatically declining snowpack across the American West over the past six decades that will likely cause water shortages in the region that cannot be managed by building new reservoirs, according to a study published Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study led by scientists from Oregon State University and the University of California, Los Angeles found drops in snow measurements at more than 90 percent of regional snow monitoring sites that have consistently tracked snow levels since 1955, said Philip Mote, director of the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute at Oregon State University.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study authors also used modeling to show the average snowpack in the region dropped between 15 and 30 percent in a little more than a century, he said, and that modeling paralleled the actual findings based on existing measurements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the region’s average snowpack has lost the equivalent volume of water that it would take to fill Lake Mead, the West’s largest man-made reservoir, Mote said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study appeared in NPJ Climate and Atmospheric Science and was a follow-up study to one completed in 2005. This analysis found the loss of snowpack has accelerated, Mote said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bigger decline than we expected,” he said. “In many lower-elevation sites, what used to fall as snow is now rain. Upper elevations have not been affected nearly as much, but most states don’t have that much area at 7,000-plus feet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of water stored in the region’s snowpack is roughly the same as all the water stored in the region’s reservoirs, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Infrastructure Lost Cause\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“The solution isn’t in infrastructure. New reservoirs could not be built fast enough to offset the loss of snow storage,” Mote said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found California had the most gains in snowpack since 1955, but recent droughts erased those gains and caused the snowpack to fall in many locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eastern Oregon and northern Nevada saw the worst decreases in snowpack over the span of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individual sites in California, Montana, Idaho, Washington and Arizona saw snowpack declines of more than 70 percent, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mote said it’s not snowing less, but that the snow is melting sooner in the season at higher elevations, leading to low levels in river and reservoir levels during the driest days of summer and early fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study focused on data from 1,766 snowpack monitoring sites across the western U.S., most of them tracked by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers looked at snow measurements taken April 1, which is typically at the height of the snowpack, but also looked at measurements taken in January, February, March and May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found declining trends in all months, states and climates,” Mote said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snowpack levels are below average in the western U.S. so far in 2018 as well, he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Astronomers Glimpse Cosmic Dawn — When the Stars First Switched On",
"headTitle": "Astronomers Glimpse Cosmic Dawn — When the Stars First Switched On | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>After the Big Bang, it was cold and black. And then there was light. Now, for the first time, astronomers have glimpsed that dawn of the universe 13.6 billion years ago when the earliest stars were turning on the light in the cosmic darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if that’s not enough, they may have detected mysterious dark matter at work, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If confirmed, this discovery deserves two Nobel Prizes.’\u003ccite>Avi Loeb, Astronomer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The glimpse consisted of a faint radio signal from deep space, picked up by an antenna that is slightly bigger than a refrigerator and costs less than $5 million but in certain ways can go back much farther in time and distance than the celebrated, multibillion-dollar Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judd Bowman of Arizona State University, lead author of a study in Wednesday’s journal Nature, said the signal came from the very first objects in the universe as it was emerging out of darkness 180 million years after the Big Bang.[contextly_sidebar id=”jYUPSkU2tZwLi55vgQcexrim3lcYquVw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the universe just lighting up, even though it was only a faint signal, is even more important than the Big Bang because “we are made of star stuff, and so we are glimpsing at our origin,” said astronomer Richard Ellis, who was not involved in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal showed unexpectedly cold temperatures and an unusually pronounced wave. When astronomers tried to figure out why, the best explanation was that elusive dark matter may have been at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If verified, that would be the first confirmation of its kind of dark matter, which is a substantial part of the universe that scientists have been searching for over decades.[contextly_sidebar id=”PmBWerFeR4tVqYlsxbEMobhjwtBFs999″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If confirmed, this discovery deserves two Nobel Prizes” for both capturing the signal of the first stars and potential dark matter confirmation, said Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb, who wasn’t part of the research team. Cautioning that “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence,” he said independent tests are needed to verify the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The only thing we know from this signal is that something very weird is going on.’\u003ccite>Rennan Barkana, Astrophysicist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bowman agreed independent tests are needed even though his team spent two years double- and triple-checking their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a time of the universe we really don’t know anything about,” Bowman said. He said the discovery is “like the first sentence” in an early chapter of the history of the cosmos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is nothing that astronomers could actually see. In fact, it’s all indirect, based on changes in the wavelengths produced by radio signals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Cosmic Origin\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe early universe was dark and cold, filled with just hydrogen and helium. Once stars formed, they emitted ultraviolet light into the dark areas between them. That ultraviolet light changes the energy signature of hydrogen atoms, Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers looked at a specific wavelength. If there were stars and ultraviolet light, they would see one signature. If there were no stars, they would see another. They saw a clear but faint signal showing there were stars, probably many of them, Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding that trace signal wasn’t easy because the Milky Way galaxy alone booms with radio wave noise 10,000 times louder, said Peter Kurczynski, advanced program technology director for the National Science Foundation, which helped fund the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finding the impact of the first stars in that cacophony would be like trying to hear the flap of a hummingbird’s wing from inside a hurricane,” Kurczynski said in an NSF video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the high end of the frequency they were looking in is the same as FM radio, the astronomers had to go to the Australian desert to escape interference. That was where they installed their antennas.[contextly_sidebar id=”XxM9A254Z8TSh5SKWxJ62eObPNsddh6D”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then labored to confirm what they found, in part by testing it against dummy signals in the lab, and it all showed that what they spotted was the existence of the first stars, Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the scientists know little about these early stars. They were probably hotter and simpler than modern stars, Ellis and Bowman said. But now that astronomers know where and how to look, others will confirm this and learn more, Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research does not establish exactly when these stars turned on, except that at 180 million years after the Big Bang, they were on. Scientists had come up with many different time periods for when the first stars switched on, and 180 million years fits with current theory, said Ellis, a professor at University College London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When this signal was found and examined, it showed that the hydrogen between stars was “even colder than the coldest we thought possible,” said Rennan Barkana, a Tel Aviv University astrophysicist who wrote a companion study on the dark matter implications of the discovery. The researchers expected temperatures to be 10 degrees above absolute zero, but they were 5 degrees above absolute zero (minus 451 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus 268 degrees Celsius).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing we know from this signal is that something very weird is going on,” Barkana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter Dark Matter\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat seems likely is dark matter — which scientists have never seen interacting with anything — may be cooling that hydrogen, he said. Dark matter makes up about 27 percent of the universe, but scientists know little about it except that it’s not made of normal matter particles called baryons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have known dark matter exists, indirectly, through measurements based on gravity. If this interpretation of the data is correct, it would be the first confirmation of dark matter outside of gravity calculations, Barkana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also potentially reveals something new about the nature of dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the result is correct it constitutes an indirect detection of dark matter and, moreover suggests something of fundamental importance (its interaction with baryons),” Johns Hopkins University astrophysicist Marc Kamionkowski, who wasn’t part of the study, said in an email. “This therefore is about as important as you can get in cosmology.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the Big Bang, it was cold and black. And then there was light. Now, for the first time, astronomers have glimpsed that dawn of the universe 13.6 billion years ago when the earliest stars were turning on the light in the cosmic darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if that’s not enough, they may have detected mysterious dark matter at work, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If confirmed, this discovery deserves two Nobel Prizes.’\u003ccite>Avi Loeb, Astronomer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The glimpse consisted of a faint radio signal from deep space, picked up by an antenna that is slightly bigger than a refrigerator and costs less than $5 million but in certain ways can go back much farther in time and distance than the celebrated, multibillion-dollar Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judd Bowman of Arizona State University, lead author of a study in Wednesday’s journal Nature, said the signal came from the very first objects in the universe as it was emerging out of darkness 180 million years after the Big Bang.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the universe just lighting up, even though it was only a faint signal, is even more important than the Big Bang because “we are made of star stuff, and so we are glimpsing at our origin,” said astronomer Richard Ellis, who was not involved in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signal showed unexpectedly cold temperatures and an unusually pronounced wave. When astronomers tried to figure out why, the best explanation was that elusive dark matter may have been at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If verified, that would be the first confirmation of its kind of dark matter, which is a substantial part of the universe that scientists have been searching for over decades.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If confirmed, this discovery deserves two Nobel Prizes” for both capturing the signal of the first stars and potential dark matter confirmation, said Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb, who wasn’t part of the research team. Cautioning that “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence,” he said independent tests are needed to verify the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The only thing we know from this signal is that something very weird is going on.’\u003ccite>Rennan Barkana, Astrophysicist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bowman agreed independent tests are needed even though his team spent two years double- and triple-checking their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a time of the universe we really don’t know anything about,” Bowman said. He said the discovery is “like the first sentence” in an early chapter of the history of the cosmos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is nothing that astronomers could actually see. In fact, it’s all indirect, based on changes in the wavelengths produced by radio signals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Cosmic Origin\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe early universe was dark and cold, filled with just hydrogen and helium. Once stars formed, they emitted ultraviolet light into the dark areas between them. That ultraviolet light changes the energy signature of hydrogen atoms, Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers looked at a specific wavelength. If there were stars and ultraviolet light, they would see one signature. If there were no stars, they would see another. They saw a clear but faint signal showing there were stars, probably many of them, Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding that trace signal wasn’t easy because the Milky Way galaxy alone booms with radio wave noise 10,000 times louder, said Peter Kurczynski, advanced program technology director for the National Science Foundation, which helped fund the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finding the impact of the first stars in that cacophony would be like trying to hear the flap of a hummingbird’s wing from inside a hurricane,” Kurczynski said in an NSF video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the high end of the frequency they were looking in is the same as FM radio, the astronomers had to go to the Australian desert to escape interference. That was where they installed their antennas.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They then labored to confirm what they found, in part by testing it against dummy signals in the lab, and it all showed that what they spotted was the existence of the first stars, Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the scientists know little about these early stars. They were probably hotter and simpler than modern stars, Ellis and Bowman said. But now that astronomers know where and how to look, others will confirm this and learn more, Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research does not establish exactly when these stars turned on, except that at 180 million years after the Big Bang, they were on. Scientists had come up with many different time periods for when the first stars switched on, and 180 million years fits with current theory, said Ellis, a professor at University College London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When this signal was found and examined, it showed that the hydrogen between stars was “even colder than the coldest we thought possible,” said Rennan Barkana, a Tel Aviv University astrophysicist who wrote a companion study on the dark matter implications of the discovery. The researchers expected temperatures to be 10 degrees above absolute zero, but they were 5 degrees above absolute zero (minus 451 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus 268 degrees Celsius).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing we know from this signal is that something very weird is going on,” Barkana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter Dark Matter\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat seems likely is dark matter — which scientists have never seen interacting with anything — may be cooling that hydrogen, he said. Dark matter makes up about 27 percent of the universe, but scientists know little about it except that it’s not made of normal matter particles called baryons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have known dark matter exists, indirectly, through measurements based on gravity. If this interpretation of the data is correct, it would be the first confirmation of dark matter outside of gravity calculations, Barkana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also potentially reveals something new about the nature of dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the result is correct it constitutes an indirect detection of dark matter and, moreover suggests something of fundamental importance (its interaction with baryons),” Johns Hopkins University astrophysicist Marc Kamionkowski, who wasn’t part of the study, said in an email. “This therefore is about as important as you can get in cosmology.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The health of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://video.kqed.org/video/3009671402/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last male northern white rhino\u003c/a> has deteriorated, bringing the rhino subspecies a step closer to extinction caused by poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 45-year-old rhino named Sudan, listed as “The Most Eligible Bachelor in the World” on the Tinder dating app last year as a fundraiser, lives with the last two female northern white rhinos. Kenya’s Ol Pejeta Conservancy said Thursday that Sudan was struggling despite 24-hour care by veterinarians.[contextly_sidebar id=”ziL3lh5VAv8FPMAREXOHlJ9Hygfmq1N2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan appeared to recover well from an infection that developed on his back right leg at the end of 2017 but another, deeper infection was recently discovered in the same area, the conservancy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very concerned about him — he’s extremely old for a rhino and we do not want him to suffer unnecessarily,” the conservancy said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and the females Najin and Fatu, along with a second male from the same subspecies that since died, arrived at Ol Pejeta from a Czech zoo in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/06/05/deextinction-debate-should-extinct-species-be-revived/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hope to save\u003c/a> the northern white rhino from extinction by using southern white rhinos as surrogates to carry northern white rhino embryos and give birth. The in vitro process would be conducted using sperm from dead rhinos that is stored in Berlin and eggs extracted by surgery from the females at Ol Pejeta, according to the conservancy.[contextly_sidebar id=”0aU7KTrXFso00QmPYvFslFrKBeHabt2c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego’s zoo had some northern white rhinos, but the last one died in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern white rhinos once roamed parts of Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and Central African Republic, and there were more than 2,000 remaining as recently as 1960, according to Save the Rhino International, a London-based group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last northern white rhinos in the wild were observed more than a decade ago in Congo’s Garamba National Park, whose animals have often been targeted by armed groups amid conflict in the region. Efforts to safeguard the subspecies by moving a small number to Kenya collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 20,000 southern white rhinos in Africa after efforts to save them from extinction began in the 1950s. Their numbers had dwindled to fewer than 100 in the late 19th century because of uncontrolled hunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African rhinos remain under intense pressure from poachers who kill them to meet demand for their horns in illegal markets, primarily in Vietnam and China. There are about 5,000 critically endangered black rhinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Asia, the greater one-horned rhino species has been recovering and has a population of several thousand. The Sumatran and Javan rhinos are in extreme peril, with fewer than 100 of each species remaining.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The health of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://video.kqed.org/video/3009671402/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last male northern white rhino\u003c/a> has deteriorated, bringing the rhino subspecies a step closer to extinction caused by poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 45-year-old rhino named Sudan, listed as “The Most Eligible Bachelor in the World” on the Tinder dating app last year as a fundraiser, lives with the last two female northern white rhinos. Kenya’s Ol Pejeta Conservancy said Thursday that Sudan was struggling despite 24-hour care by veterinarians.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan appeared to recover well from an infection that developed on his back right leg at the end of 2017 but another, deeper infection was recently discovered in the same area, the conservancy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very concerned about him — he’s extremely old for a rhino and we do not want him to suffer unnecessarily,” the conservancy said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and the females Najin and Fatu, along with a second male from the same subspecies that since died, arrived at Ol Pejeta from a Czech zoo in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/06/05/deextinction-debate-should-extinct-species-be-revived/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hope to save\u003c/a> the northern white rhino from extinction by using southern white rhinos as surrogates to carry northern white rhino embryos and give birth. The in vitro process would be conducted using sperm from dead rhinos that is stored in Berlin and eggs extracted by surgery from the females at Ol Pejeta, according to the conservancy.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego’s zoo had some northern white rhinos, but the last one died in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern white rhinos once roamed parts of Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and Central African Republic, and there were more than 2,000 remaining as recently as 1960, according to Save the Rhino International, a London-based group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last northern white rhinos in the wild were observed more than a decade ago in Congo’s Garamba National Park, whose animals have often been targeted by armed groups amid conflict in the region. Efforts to safeguard the subspecies by moving a small number to Kenya collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 20,000 southern white rhinos in Africa after efforts to save them from extinction began in the 1950s. Their numbers had dwindled to fewer than 100 in the late 19th century because of uncontrolled hunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African rhinos remain under intense pressure from poachers who kill them to meet demand for their horns in illegal markets, primarily in Vietnam and China. There are about 5,000 critically endangered black rhinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Asia, the greater one-horned rhino species has been recovering and has a population of several thousand. The Sumatran and Javan rhinos are in extreme peril, with fewer than 100 of each species remaining.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Protesters, Policymakers and a Polar Bear Try to Protect Clean Power Plan",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s top energy and environment officials today protested the federal rollback of the Clean Power Plan — an ambitious effort to slash carbon pollution from power plants nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt \u003ca href=\"http://ago.wv.gov/publicresources/epa/Documents/Opening%20Core%20Brief%20-%20file-stamped%20(M0119247xCECC6).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led a charge against\u003c/a> the Clean Power Plan when it was proposed by the Obama Administration in 2015, claiming it was an overreach of the government’s regulatory authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”cfVQJvVrvXF3bMZ9NTEWTqsVZNPAmsmx”]Since appointed by President Trump to lead the EPA, Pruitt \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/electric-utility-generating-units-repealing-clean-power-plan-0\">has sought to scrap\u003c/a> the plan. Now the agency is seeking comment about whether and how to do that, at a series of public meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1920484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Environmental Protection Agency listens to community comment and concern regarding the Clean Power Plan at the San Francisco Public Library in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protesters, Oregon state leaders, and members of the public also showed up to the event, which was billed as a “listening session.” Air Resources Board chairwoman \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/about/leadership/mary-d-nichols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Nichols\u003c/a> pointedly asked federal officials who they were listening to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it the voices, the outdated technologies of the past? Or the ever-growing numbers of people across this country who are demanding clean energy?” Nichols said. “We in California have already made our choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1920485 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1180x1768.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-960x1438.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-375x562.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-520x779.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters, ranging from students to religious proponents to mothers hold signs at a rally outside of City Hall, calling for the Environmental Protection Agency to protect the Clean Power Plan, in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s choices mean the state already exceeds the Clean Power Plan’s intended goals, and then some — a point Nichols and other officials made repeatedly. But they also argued that climate change remains a major threat to infrastructure, health and other assets in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fBjGGD3gEI7TFwFF1xOhm8jDpQpH3wjR”]The California Energy Commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/commission/executive/smith.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Courtney Smith\u003c/a> said that the reducing greenhouse gas emissions is “critical to the resilience of [the] power sector, as the impacts of climate are threatening critical infrastructure and making it more difficult for us to ensure reliability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also pointed to climate-driven catastrophes like wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise as risk factors that the Clean Power Plan could help mitigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the ability to plan for this unpredictable loss, near-term needs must be met with natural gas, which increases greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/clean-power-plan-proposed-repeal-how-comment\">is accepting comments\u003c/a> on the Clean Power Plan through April 26th.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s top energy and environment officials today protested the federal rollback of the Clean Power Plan — an ambitious effort to slash carbon pollution from power plants nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt \u003ca href=\"http://ago.wv.gov/publicresources/epa/Documents/Opening%20Core%20Brief%20-%20file-stamped%20(M0119247xCECC6).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">led a charge against\u003c/a> the Clean Power Plan when it was proposed by the Obama Administration in 2015, claiming it was an overreach of the government’s regulatory authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Since appointed by President Trump to lead the EPA, Pruitt \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/electric-utility-generating-units-repealing-clean-power-plan-0\">has sought to scrap\u003c/a> the plan. Now the agency is seeking comment about whether and how to do that, at a series of public meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1920484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29632_CPP_002-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Environmental Protection Agency listens to community comment and concern regarding the Clean Power Plan at the San Francisco Public Library in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protesters, Oregon state leaders, and members of the public also showed up to the event, which was billed as a “listening session.” Air Resources Board chairwoman \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/about/leadership/mary-d-nichols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Nichols\u003c/a> pointedly asked federal officials who they were listening to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it the voices, the outdated technologies of the past? Or the ever-growing numbers of people across this country who are demanding clean energy?” Nichols said. “We in California have already made our choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1920485 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-1180x1768.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-960x1438.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-375x562.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/RS29634_CPP_007-qut-520x779.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters, ranging from students to religious proponents to mothers hold signs at a rally outside of City Hall, calling for the Environmental Protection Agency to protect the Clean Power Plan, in San Francisco, Calif., on Wednesday, February 28, 2017. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s choices mean the state already exceeds the Clean Power Plan’s intended goals, and then some — a point Nichols and other officials made repeatedly. But they also argued that climate change remains a major threat to infrastructure, health and other assets in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The California Energy Commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/commission/executive/smith.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Courtney Smith\u003c/a> said that the reducing greenhouse gas emissions is “critical to the resilience of [the] power sector, as the impacts of climate are threatening critical infrastructure and making it more difficult for us to ensure reliability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also pointed to climate-driven catastrophes like wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise as risk factors that the Clean Power Plan could help mitigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the ability to plan for this unpredictable loss, near-term needs must be met with natural gas, which increases greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/clean-power-plan-proposed-repeal-how-comment\">is accepting comments\u003c/a> on the Clean Power Plan through April 26th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal fisheries officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/27/2018-03906/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-90-day-finding-on-a-petition-to-list-chinook-salmon-in-the-upper\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said Tuesday\u003c/a> they will consider putting the Klamath River’s once-flourishing wild spring-run chinook salmon on the list of threatened or endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Marine Fisheries Services plans a 12-month review on whether to give protected status to the salmon in and around the Klamath River.[contextly_sidebar id=”hQb3A0HClDHH9kLMGEy9KLUxOliK5SMp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring chinook, historically the first chinook salmon to return from the ocean each winter, were once one of the most abundant salmon in the region, important to tribes, fishermen and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California’s Karuk tribe, which joined the \u003ca href=\"http://srrc.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Salmon River Restoration Council\u003c/a> environmental group in petitioning for more protections for the fish, says the run is nearly extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservationists have pointed to Klamath River dams, which stop chinook from reaching historic spawning grounds, as a major factor in the decline of the spring run. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is expected to decide in 2019 whether to approve a deal among tribes, dam owner PacifiCorp utilities company, and others to remove the dams and reopen hundreds of miles of river to the migrating salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal fisheries’ move comes after a UC Davis study showed the spring chinook are more of an evolutionary rarity than realized when compared to runs that return to spawn later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal fisheries officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/27/2018-03906/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-90-day-finding-on-a-petition-to-list-chinook-salmon-in-the-upper\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said Tuesday\u003c/a> they will consider putting the Klamath River’s once-flourishing wild spring-run chinook salmon on the list of threatened or endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Marine Fisheries Services plans a 12-month review on whether to give protected status to the salmon in and around the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring chinook, historically the first chinook salmon to return from the ocean each winter, were once one of the most abundant salmon in the region, important to tribes, fishermen and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California’s Karuk tribe, which joined the \u003ca href=\"http://srrc.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Salmon River Restoration Council\u003c/a> environmental group in petitioning for more protections for the fish, says the run is nearly extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservationists have pointed to Klamath River dams, which stop chinook from reaching historic spawning grounds, as a major factor in the decline of the spring run. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Californians Are Struggling to Pay for Rising Water Rates",
"headTitle": "Californians Are Struggling to Pay for Rising Water Rates | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Water rates are rising in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/27/californias-water-system-built-for-a-climate-we-no-longer-have/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many California communities\u003c/a> faster than some residents can keep up. While the state works to come up with a plan to tackle affordability issues, one bill seeks to protect against water shutoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has been blessed with the distinction of being home to some of the richest and the poorest income-earning Americans, according to a 2015 report by the Social Science Research Council. This stark division of wealth between the extravagantly rich and the destitute is displayed vividly in how the state’s residents consume water. On the one hand, some estate owners have been publicly shamed for watering their lawns during extreme drought with thousands of gallons per day – sometimes five or 10 times the average household rate. While other Californians live in communities where there isn’t enough water or the water isn’t safe to drink.[contextly_sidebar id=”tM2uhXoAkq4PMP3wJWvN4oZCRFjH79TS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just access to water that’s a problem, it’s\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/25/why-this-california-towns-water-costs-3-times-the-national-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> also the cost\u003c/a>. Many California residents, in both small towns and big cities, are struggling to keep up with the rising price of water. The State Water Resources Control Board has been tasked with coming up with a plan to tackle affordability, but it’s been slow going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max Gomberg, the State Water Resources Control Board’s climate and conservation manager, says the price of water has increased at six times the rate of inflation across the state. Gomberg’s agency is currently drafting a set of recommendations that will help the state legislature develop a financial assistance program for residents with soaring water rates. The water board, which already missed a February 1 deadline on the task, aims to submit the guidelines this year, though Gomberg says the legislature is not required to follow them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Costs of Climate Change \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water prices are rising in California for a variety of reasons. For one thing, much of the state is either a desert or is dominated by an arid Mediterranean climate, so \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/20/is-californias-water-system-really-broken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water is naturally scarce\u003c/a>. Because water must often be obtained from distant sources, large infrastructure projects are necessary – and much of this infrastructure is aging. Gomberg says many water agencies are catching up on deferred maintenance of pipes, pumps and wells and passing associated costs on to their customers. In some districts, water has become contaminated and must be treated – another cost that gets distributed through residential water bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Between 2010 and 2017 water rates in Los Angeles jumped 71 percent.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“But one of the big drivers is climate change,” Gomberg says. “Climate change is making hydrology more variable. We’re having longer droughts and warmer hot spells. Water districts that could once rely on rain and reliable groundwater reserves no longer can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the small San Joaquin Valley communities of Cantua Creek and El Porvenir, hundreds of residents are paying above-average rates for water that they cannot even safely drink. It’s a situation that Erica Fernandez Zamora, a policy advocate with the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, says violates the California Human Right to Water law of 2012, which states that, “every human being has the right to safe, clean, affordable and accessible water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantua Creek and El Porvenir both receive water from Fresno County via Westlands Water District, a wealthy agricultural region that obtains water from the federal Central Valley Project run by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The 2012–16 drought affected supplies, forcing Westlands to pay more. In turn, the 600 residents of Cantua Creek and El Porvenir were faced with rate increases, which the communities of mostly low-income farm workers didn’t believe they could pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates were $110 a month in El Porvenir and $72 a month in Cantua Creek for water that the state deemed unsafe. Facing water shutoffs, the state stepped in with emergency funds to reduce costs and provide bottled water, but the grants expire this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1008622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 371px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1008622\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"371\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water flows out of a pipe in California. \u003ccite>(John Chacon/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to find permanent solutions for these people,” Zamora says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the San Joaquin Valley isn’t the only area where water affordability is a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the water news agency Circle of Blue, between 2010 and 2017 water rates in Los Angeles jumped 71 percent. The biggest increase was for households of four that used 100 gallons per capita a day, which saw monthly water bills increase from $58.49 to $100.14. In San Francisco water rates increased 119–127 percent (depending on usage) during the same period. Bills increased from $86.31 to $195.86 a month for a household of four using 150 gallons per person a day. For those using only 50 gallons per person a day, rates jumped $30.63 to $67.07. Both cities have undertaken costly infrastructure upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in relatively affluent smaller communities, the cost of water has escalated, too. The wine country town of St. Helena in the Napa Valley, which is grappling with infrastructure upgrades, is one example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rates are now two-and-a-half times those in the city of Napa,” says Geoff Ellsworth, a member of the St. Helena City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State senator Bill Dodd, a Democrat from Napa, recently introduced legislation that would make it more difficult for utilities to abruptly discontinue service for customers unable to pay their water bills. Currently, he says, cell-phone companies face tighter restrictions in cutting off services than do water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Many of the poorest Californians are paying as much as a fifth of their incomes for water.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The water board reports that the state spends more than $2.5 billion per year to aid low-income residents with gas, electric and telecommunication services, but more than half the state’s residents have a water provider that doesn’t offer rate assistance for low-income customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd’s proposed law, Senate Bill 998, seeks to model California’s water deliveries more like electricity and phone services, where failure to pay bills may result in soft enforcement – first warnings, followed by opportunities to appeal and probably fines. Only as a last resort, he explains, do phone and electricity providers terminate service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dodd says that with water service, missing a due date on a payment can mean dry taps in just days. His proposed law would prohibit service cuts for at least 60 days if a customer fails to pay a bill. It would require advanced written warning that service might be discontinued and would prohibit cutting \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/01/its-raining-will-californians-still-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of water supplies\u003c/a> for the ill or elderly if a local health agency determines doing so would seriously threaten their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, which is currently pending in the Senate, would also provide clear instructions to help people in restoring discontinued service and would waive reconnection fees for low-income households.[contextly_sidebar id=”JFag6y5us97AkoNlVVjhBEN5KOKi8DgP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd says many of the poorest Californians are paying as much as a fifth of their incomes for water. In the East Bay Municipal Utility District alone, which provides drinking water for 1.4 million people, household water deliveries were interrupted for more than 8,000 residences in 2015 due to unpaid bills, according to a press release from his office. In July 2017, the utility’s board voted to increase rates 19 percent over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is served by more than 400 large public water agencies. Additionally, many people receive water from private wells or small water systems. This decentralized system makes providing water for all in an equitable way a difficult task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the state’s Right to Water law, “It’s great to have this right written on paper, but it’s more important to have that right realized,” says Dodd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/02/27/californians-are-struggling-to-pay-for-rising-water-rates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Water rates are rising in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/27/californias-water-system-built-for-a-climate-we-no-longer-have/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many California communities\u003c/a> faster than some residents can keep up. While the state works to come up with a plan to tackle affordability issues, one bill seeks to protect against water shutoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has been blessed with the distinction of being home to some of the richest and the poorest income-earning Americans, according to a 2015 report by the Social Science Research Council. This stark division of wealth between the extravagantly rich and the destitute is displayed vividly in how the state’s residents consume water. On the one hand, some estate owners have been publicly shamed for watering their lawns during extreme drought with thousands of gallons per day – sometimes five or 10 times the average household rate. While other Californians live in communities where there isn’t enough water or the water isn’t safe to drink.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just access to water that’s a problem, it’s\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/25/why-this-california-towns-water-costs-3-times-the-national-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> also the cost\u003c/a>. Many California residents, in both small towns and big cities, are struggling to keep up with the rising price of water. The State Water Resources Control Board has been tasked with coming up with a plan to tackle affordability, but it’s been slow going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max Gomberg, the State Water Resources Control Board’s climate and conservation manager, says the price of water has increased at six times the rate of inflation across the state. Gomberg’s agency is currently drafting a set of recommendations that will help the state legislature develop a financial assistance program for residents with soaring water rates. The water board, which already missed a February 1 deadline on the task, aims to submit the guidelines this year, though Gomberg says the legislature is not required to follow them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Costs of Climate Change \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water prices are rising in California for a variety of reasons. For one thing, much of the state is either a desert or is dominated by an arid Mediterranean climate, so \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/20/is-californias-water-system-really-broken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water is naturally scarce\u003c/a>. Because water must often be obtained from distant sources, large infrastructure projects are necessary – and much of this infrastructure is aging. Gomberg says many water agencies are catching up on deferred maintenance of pipes, pumps and wells and passing associated costs on to their customers. In some districts, water has become contaminated and must be treated – another cost that gets distributed through residential water bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Between 2010 and 2017 water rates in Los Angeles jumped 71 percent.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“But one of the big drivers is climate change,” Gomberg says. “Climate change is making hydrology more variable. We’re having longer droughts and warmer hot spells. Water districts that could once rely on rain and reliable groundwater reserves no longer can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the small San Joaquin Valley communities of Cantua Creek and El Porvenir, hundreds of residents are paying above-average rates for water that they cannot even safely drink. It’s a situation that Erica Fernandez Zamora, a policy advocate with the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, says violates the California Human Right to Water law of 2012, which states that, “every human being has the right to safe, clean, affordable and accessible water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cantua Creek and El Porvenir both receive water from Fresno County via Westlands Water District, a wealthy agricultural region that obtains water from the federal Central Valley Project run by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The 2012–16 drought affected supplies, forcing Westlands to pay more. In turn, the 600 residents of Cantua Creek and El Porvenir were faced with rate increases, which the communities of mostly low-income farm workers didn’t believe they could pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates were $110 a month in El Porvenir and $72 a month in Cantua Creek for water that the state deemed unsafe. Facing water shutoffs, the state stepped in with emergency funds to reduce costs and provide bottled water, but the grants expire this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1008622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 371px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1008622\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"371\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/jrc_water_edited-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water flows out of a pipe in California. \u003ccite>(John Chacon/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to find permanent solutions for these people,” Zamora says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the San Joaquin Valley isn’t the only area where water affordability is a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the water news agency Circle of Blue, between 2010 and 2017 water rates in Los Angeles jumped 71 percent. The biggest increase was for households of four that used 100 gallons per capita a day, which saw monthly water bills increase from $58.49 to $100.14. In San Francisco water rates increased 119–127 percent (depending on usage) during the same period. Bills increased from $86.31 to $195.86 a month for a household of four using 150 gallons per person a day. For those using only 50 gallons per person a day, rates jumped $30.63 to $67.07. Both cities have undertaken costly infrastructure upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in relatively affluent smaller communities, the cost of water has escalated, too. The wine country town of St. Helena in the Napa Valley, which is grappling with infrastructure upgrades, is one example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rates are now two-and-a-half times those in the city of Napa,” says Geoff Ellsworth, a member of the St. Helena City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State senator Bill Dodd, a Democrat from Napa, recently introduced legislation that would make it more difficult for utilities to abruptly discontinue service for customers unable to pay their water bills. Currently, he says, cell-phone companies face tighter restrictions in cutting off services than do water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Many of the poorest Californians are paying as much as a fifth of their incomes for water.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The water board reports that the state spends more than $2.5 billion per year to aid low-income residents with gas, electric and telecommunication services, but more than half the state’s residents have a water provider that doesn’t offer rate assistance for low-income customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd’s proposed law, Senate Bill 998, seeks to model California’s water deliveries more like electricity and phone services, where failure to pay bills may result in soft enforcement – first warnings, followed by opportunities to appeal and probably fines. Only as a last resort, he explains, do phone and electricity providers terminate service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dodd says that with water service, missing a due date on a payment can mean dry taps in just days. His proposed law would prohibit service cuts for at least 60 days if a customer fails to pay a bill. It would require advanced written warning that service might be discontinued and would prohibit cutting \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/01/its-raining-will-californians-still-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of water supplies\u003c/a> for the ill or elderly if a local health agency determines doing so would seriously threaten their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, which is currently pending in the Senate, would also provide clear instructions to help people in restoring discontinued service and would waive reconnection fees for low-income households.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodd says many of the poorest Californians are paying as much as a fifth of their incomes for water. In the East Bay Municipal Utility District alone, which provides drinking water for 1.4 million people, household water deliveries were interrupted for more than 8,000 residences in 2015 due to unpaid bills, according to a press release from his office. In July 2017, the utility’s board voted to increase rates 19 percent over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is served by more than 400 large public water agencies. Additionally, many people receive water from private wells or small water systems. This decentralized system makes providing water for all in an equitable way a difficult task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the state’s Right to Water law, “It’s great to have this right written on paper, but it’s more important to have that right realized,” says Dodd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/02/27/californians-are-struggling-to-pay-for-rising-water-rates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Study: Climate Change Threatens Major Crops in California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California currently provides two-thirds of the country’s fruits and nuts, but according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/3/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> published \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">Tuesday\u003c/span>\u003c/span>, by the end of the century California’s climate will no longer be able to support the state’s major crops, including orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, published in\u003ca href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/aj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “Agronomy,”\u003c/a> warns that the increased rate and scale of climate change is “beyond the realm of experience” for the agricultural community, and unless farmers take urgent measures, the consequences could threaten national food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For California, as an agricultural leader for various commodities, impacts on agricultural production due to climate change would not only translate into national food security issues but also economic impacts that could disrupt state and national commodity systems,” the report warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, led by researchers from the University of California, \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Merced\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://lawr.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davis\u003c/a> campuses, looked at past and current trends in California’s climate and examined what impact\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> record low levels of snowpack\u003c/a>, and extreme events such as drought will have on crop yields over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientist and author Peter Gleick called it the most important report he’s seen on the impact of climate change on California agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">This may be the most important article on this subject I’ve ever seen. And I’ve seen them all. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Climate\u003c/a> and California agriculture. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/9ZV4txgON4\">https://t.co/9ZV4txgON4\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Peter Gleick (@PeterGleick) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PeterGleick/status/968378900488376320?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>California produces more than a third of the nation’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts. Irrigated crops account for nearly 90 percent of the harvested crops in the state. The total value of the state’s fruits and nuts in 2015 was $18.1 billion, nearly 67 percent of the country’s total value, according to a report issued by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/2016Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Food and Agriculure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same report notes that California produces between 80 and 95 percent of country’s apricots, grapes, lemons, mandarins, nectarines, plums, and strawberries. It also supplies more than half of the country’s avocados and raspberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Unless farmers take urgent measures, the consequences could threaten national food security.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Historically low precipitation rates and diminishing snowpack levels could severely disrupt those industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a>, a primary source of the state’s water supply, could see a 65 percent loss by the end of the century because of warmer temperatures, according to the report.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=”zJpOOClu2URQFYBoi5xIZqlCt9alxPwS”]Global crop production will also have to double by 2050 to meet the demand of the world’s growing population, according to an estimate from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/press/en/2009/gaef3242.doc.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations\u003c/a>. But climate change could threaten eight out of the 20 major crops grown in California — almonds, wine grapes, table grapes, strawberries, hay, walnuts, freestone peaches, and cherries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the report say they hope their findings will provide researchers and policymakers guidance on how to prepare for upcoming weather changes.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California currently provides two-thirds of the country’s fruits and nuts, but according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/3/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> published \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">Tuesday\u003c/span>\u003c/span>, by the end of the century California’s climate will no longer be able to support the state’s major crops, including orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, published in\u003ca href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/aj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “Agronomy,”\u003c/a> warns that the increased rate and scale of climate change is “beyond the realm of experience” for the agricultural community, and unless farmers take urgent measures, the consequences could threaten national food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For California, as an agricultural leader for various commodities, impacts on agricultural production due to climate change would not only translate into national food security issues but also economic impacts that could disrupt state and national commodity systems,” the report warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, led by researchers from the University of California, \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Merced\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://lawr.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davis\u003c/a> campuses, looked at past and current trends in California’s climate and examined what impact\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> record low levels of snowpack\u003c/a>, and extreme events such as drought will have on crop yields over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientist and author Peter Gleick called it the most important report he’s seen on the impact of climate change on California agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">This may be the most important article on this subject I’ve ever seen. And I’ve seen them all. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Climate\u003c/a> and California agriculture. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/9ZV4txgON4\">https://t.co/9ZV4txgON4\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Peter Gleick (@PeterGleick) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PeterGleick/status/968378900488376320?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>California produces more than a third of the nation’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts. Irrigated crops account for nearly 90 percent of the harvested crops in the state. The total value of the state’s fruits and nuts in 2015 was $18.1 billion, nearly 67 percent of the country’s total value, according to a report issued by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/2016Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Food and Agriculure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same report notes that California produces between 80 and 95 percent of country’s apricots, grapes, lemons, mandarins, nectarines, plums, and strawberries. It also supplies more than half of the country’s avocados and raspberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Unless farmers take urgent measures, the consequences could threaten national food security.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Historically low precipitation rates and diminishing snowpack levels could severely disrupt those industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/02/15/snowpack-far-below-normal-is-a-wakeup-call/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a>, a primary source of the state’s water supply, could see a 65 percent loss by the end of the century because of warmer temperatures, according to the report.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Global crop production will also have to double by 2050 to meet the demand of the world’s growing population, according to an estimate from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/press/en/2009/gaef3242.doc.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations\u003c/a>. But climate change could threaten eight out of the 20 major crops grown in California — almonds, wine grapes, table grapes, strawberries, hay, walnuts, freestone peaches, and cherries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the report say they hope their findings will provide researchers and policymakers guidance on how to prepare for upcoming weather changes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "US Judge Blocks Weed-Killer Warning Label in California",
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"content": "\u003cp>A U.S. judge blocked California from requiring that the popular weed-killer Roundup \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/11/08/california-cracks-down-on-weed-killer-as-lawsuits-abound/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carry a label stating\u003c/a> that it is known to cause cancer, saying the warning is misleading because almost all regulators have concluded there is no evidence that the product’s main ingredient is a carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge William Shubb in Sacramento issued a preliminary injunction on Monday in a lawsuit challenging the state’s decision last year to list glyphosate as a chemical known to cause cancer.[contextly_sidebar id=”kY5lSMHhL8AzkhMONHQweUiZtG5rHRJs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The listing triggered the warning label requirement for Roundup that was set to go into effect in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glyphosate is\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/09/18/epa-weighs-in-on-glyphosate-says-it-doesnt-cause-cancer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> not restricted by\u003c/a> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and has been widely used since 1974 to kill weeds while leaving crops and other plants alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Agency for Research on Cancer, based in Lyon, France, has classified the chemical as a “probable human carcinogen.” That prompted the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment to add glyphosate to its cancer list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shubb said a “reasonable consumer would not understand that a substance is ‘known to cause cancer’ where only one health organization had found that the substance in question causes cancer.”[contextly_sidebar id=”5DGlYE7SZR8ceGlmvVYboRpv0zEapZjj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the evidence before the court, the required warning for glyphosate does not appear to be factually accurate and uncontroversial because it conveys the message that glyphosate’s carcinogenicity is an undisputed fact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Cancer List\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Delson, a spokesman for the state’s office of environmental health hazard assessment, noted that the judge did not block the state from putting glyphosate on\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/07/28/california-adds-atrazine-to-list-of-toxic-chemicals-but-no-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> its cancer list\u003c/a>, but only from requiring the warning label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased that the listing of glyphosate remains in effect, and we believe our actions were lawful,” he said.[contextly_sidebar id=”7kFwYwEkgyKQBVknvLn0Y67iPxWjdr61″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the office had not decided yet whether to appeal the ruling on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling came in a lawsuit filed by the national wheat and corn growers associations, state agriculture and business organizations in Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota and South Dakota, and a regional group representing herbicide sellers in California, Arizona and Hawaii. The plaintiffs also include \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/tag/monsanto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St. Louis-based Monsanto Co.\u003c/a>, which makes Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every regulatory body in the world that has reviewed glyphosate has found it safe for use, and no available product matches glyphosate with a comparable health and environmental safety profile,” Chandler Goule, CEO of the National Association of Wheat Growers, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit will continue with Shubb’s injunction in place.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A U.S. judge blocked California from requiring that the popular weed-killer Roundup \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/11/08/california-cracks-down-on-weed-killer-as-lawsuits-abound/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carry a label stating\u003c/a> that it is known to cause cancer, saying the warning is misleading because almost all regulators have concluded there is no evidence that the product’s main ingredient is a carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge William Shubb in Sacramento issued a preliminary injunction on Monday in a lawsuit challenging the state’s decision last year to list glyphosate as a chemical known to cause cancer.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The listing triggered the warning label requirement for Roundup that was set to go into effect in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glyphosate is\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/09/18/epa-weighs-in-on-glyphosate-says-it-doesnt-cause-cancer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> not restricted by\u003c/a> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and has been widely used since 1974 to kill weeds while leaving crops and other plants alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Agency for Research on Cancer, based in Lyon, France, has classified the chemical as a “probable human carcinogen.” That prompted the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment to add glyphosate to its cancer list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shubb said a “reasonable consumer would not understand that a substance is ‘known to cause cancer’ where only one health organization had found that the substance in question causes cancer.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the evidence before the court, the required warning for glyphosate does not appear to be factually accurate and uncontroversial because it conveys the message that glyphosate’s carcinogenicity is an undisputed fact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Cancer List\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Delson, a spokesman for the state’s office of environmental health hazard assessment, noted that the judge did not block the state from putting glyphosate on\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/07/28/california-adds-atrazine-to-list-of-toxic-chemicals-but-no-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> its cancer list\u003c/a>, but only from requiring the warning label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased that the listing of glyphosate remains in effect, and we believe our actions were lawful,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the office had not decided yet whether to appeal the ruling on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling came in a lawsuit filed by the national wheat and corn growers associations, state agriculture and business organizations in Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota and South Dakota, and a regional group representing herbicide sellers in California, Arizona and Hawaii. The plaintiffs also include \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/tag/monsanto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St. Louis-based Monsanto Co.\u003c/a>, which makes Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every regulatory body in the world that has reviewed glyphosate has found it safe for use, and no available product matches glyphosate with a comparable health and environmental safety profile,” Chandler Goule, CEO of the National Association of Wheat Growers, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit will continue with Shubb’s injunction in place.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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