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California law requires them to get half of their electricity from renewable sources like solar and wind by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wet weather in 2016 also provided a boost. Power from imported from out-of-state hydroelectric dams, which is considered carbon-free, rose by 39 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During dry years, California uses less hydropower and more natural gas or other fossil fuels. But Benjamin says he doesn’t think a dry year would jeopardize California’s milestone in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1927263 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-800x652.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-800x652.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-160x130.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-768x626.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1020x831.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1200x978.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1180x962.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-960x782.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-240x196.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-375x306.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-520x424.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy.jpg 1498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Air Resources Board\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t say that we’d necessarily be above 1990 levels and if we were, I don’t think we’d be significantly above,” he says. “What’s happened is this continued good news story about solar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, emissions rose from California’s largest source: cars and trucks. It increased by 2 percent in 2016, continuing a steady rise as the economy has recovered. Those emissions fell during the recession because Californians were driving less and less freight was being moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cars and trucks have gotten more efficient, today drivers are buying bigger vehicles. The state is trying to encourage drivers to buy electric cars in order to meet a goal of 1.5 million zero-emissions vehicles on the roads by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s overall emissions peaked in 2004 but have fallen by 13 percent since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state now is reaching for an even more ambitious goal: cutting emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To hit that, officials at the California Air Resources Board say the state will have to double the rate of emissions cuts. That would require a major shift in the kinds of cars Californians drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been the easy part,” Benjamin says. “The early reductions are the easiest and least expensive. But at the same time, I think in transportation we will start to see a tipping point as the relative cost of electric vehicles gets lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That long-term goal could also be hampered by the Trump Administration, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923382/the-science-behind-the-brown-trump-feud-whats-really-at-stake-in-the-emissions-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moved to limit\u003c/a> some of the air quality and climate programs California has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always the threat that the federal government’s actions will limit our progress,” Benjamin says. “Be we here in California are pushing back extremely hard. We know what we need to do to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During dry years, California uses less hydropower and more natural gas or other fossil fuels. But Benjamin says he doesn’t think a dry year would jeopardize California’s milestone in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1927263 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-800x652.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-800x652.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-160x130.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-768x626.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1020x831.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1200x978.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-1180x962.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-960x782.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-240x196.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-375x306.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy-520x424.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/ghg_inventory_sector-copy.jpg 1498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Air Resources Board\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t say that we’d necessarily be above 1990 levels and if we were, I don’t think we’d be significantly above,” he says. “What’s happened is this continued good news story about solar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, emissions rose from California’s largest source: cars and trucks. It increased by 2 percent in 2016, continuing a steady rise as the economy has recovered. Those emissions fell during the recession because Californians were driving less and less freight was being moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cars and trucks have gotten more efficient, today drivers are buying bigger vehicles. The state is trying to encourage drivers to buy electric cars in order to meet a goal of 1.5 million zero-emissions vehicles on the roads by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s overall emissions peaked in 2004 but have fallen by 13 percent since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state now is reaching for an even more ambitious goal: cutting emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To hit that, officials at the California Air Resources Board say the state will have to double the rate of emissions cuts. That would require a major shift in the kinds of cars Californians drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been the easy part,” Benjamin says. “The early reductions are the easiest and least expensive. But at the same time, I think in transportation we will start to see a tipping point as the relative cost of electric vehicles gets lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That long-term goal could also be hampered by the Trump Administration, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923382/the-science-behind-the-brown-trump-feud-whats-really-at-stake-in-the-emissions-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moved to limit\u003c/a> some of the air quality and climate programs California has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always the threat that the federal government’s actions will limit our progress,” Benjamin says. “Be we here in California are pushing back extremely hard. We know what we need to do to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric wants its customers to pay for the costs of the October 2017 wildfires that tore through northern California, destroying more than 8,000 buildings and killing 44 people. Under legislation now at the state capitol, PG&E customers would be charged an involuntary fee to help the utility company pay off settlements stemming from pending wildfire lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Why is it fair for someone in Santa Cruz to pay for what happened in Santa Rosa?’\u003ccite>John Franzman, Fountaingrove\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes just weeks after \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/newsreleases/2018/2017_WildfireSiege_Cause.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire investigators\u003c/a> concluded that PG&E power lines and poles were responsible for 12 of the October wildfires, prompting hundreds of lawsuits against the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB33\">AB33 \u003c/a>would allow PG&E to use state-issued bonds to pay for property damage, personal injury and fire-fighting costs resulting from multiple blazes last October. PG&E customers would pay off the bonds in the form of a “non-bypassable” charge on their bills. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/PG-E-customers-would-pay-some-Wine-Country-fire-13058808.php?src=hp_totn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From the Chronicle\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>‘That means even customers who generate most of their own electricity with a rooftop solar array or who buy their electricity from a community choice program such as CleanPowerSF would still pay the charge.’\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gs5eWJ4qUrNUB2HZuWbRg5SpPM0S9DGk”]PG&E could be liable for billions of dollars in damages in wildfires that destroyed 8,880 buildings and killed 45 people. The company \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/pg-e-expects-to-pay-%2425b-for-costs-related-to-north-bay-fires/3631775/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told shareholders in June\u003c/a> that it has set aside 2.5 billion dollars in expected liability. But that could be a fraction of the total cost. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB33\u003c/a> explains that the burden on PG&E would be too great:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>‘…the magnitude of potential damage claims undermines Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s ability to invest in the infrastructure necessary to meet the state’s aggressive wildfire mitigation and clean energy plans \u003ci>\u003c/i>and has the potential to create an unsustainable hardship for customers if passed on in the form of higher rates through the typical ratemaking processes.’\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>John Franzman, who lost his Fountaingrove home in the fires, blasted the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I read the legislation and scratched my head,” Franzman said. “Why is it fair for someone in Santa Cruz to pay for what happened in Santa Rosa? That means my 90-year-old father who lives 150 miles away is paying for this. I’m paying for my own recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Hd72jPIEp7KnzF9jIST6NjlJZICSaOkQ”]\u003cbr>\nErin Brockovich, an environmental activist and attorney, is suing PG&E on behalf of Bay Area residents who lost their homes in the fires. She attacked the bill on Monday and accused PG&E of shielding itself from wildfire lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“This company is a ginormous monopoly that has the privilege of working in this state,” she said Monday. “Yet you take no accountability and no responsibility for your actions that harm people and kill people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, first introduced in 2016, was originally aimed at promoting electric cars. 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The damage resulted in about $10 billion in insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric wants its customers to pay for the costs of the October 2017 wildfires that tore through northern California, destroying more than 8,000 buildings and killing 44 people. Under legislation now at the state capitol, PG&E customers would be charged an involuntary fee to help the utility company pay off settlements stemming from pending wildfire lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Why is it fair for someone in Santa Cruz to pay for what happened in Santa Rosa?’\u003ccite>John Franzman, Fountaingrove\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes just weeks after \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/newsreleases/2018/2017_WildfireSiege_Cause.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire investigators\u003c/a> concluded that PG&E power lines and poles were responsible for 12 of the October wildfires, prompting hundreds of lawsuits against the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB33\">AB33 \u003c/a>would allow PG&E to use state-issued bonds to pay for property damage, personal injury and fire-fighting costs resulting from multiple blazes last October. PG&E customers would pay off the bonds in the form of a “non-bypassable” charge on their bills. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/PG-E-customers-would-pay-some-Wine-Country-fire-13058808.php?src=hp_totn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From the Chronicle\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>‘That means even customers who generate most of their own electricity with a rooftop solar array or who buy their electricity from a community choice program such as CleanPowerSF would still pay the charge.’\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>PG&E could be liable for billions of dollars in damages in wildfires that destroyed 8,880 buildings and killed 45 people. The company \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/pg-e-expects-to-pay-%2425b-for-costs-related-to-north-bay-fires/3631775/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told shareholders in June\u003c/a> that it has set aside 2.5 billion dollars in expected liability. But that could be a fraction of the total cost. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB33\u003c/a> explains that the burden on PG&E would be too great:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>‘…the magnitude of potential damage claims undermines Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s ability to invest in the infrastructure necessary to meet the state’s aggressive wildfire mitigation and clean energy plans \u003ci>\u003c/i>and has the potential to create an unsustainable hardship for customers if passed on in the form of higher rates through the typical ratemaking processes.’\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>John Franzman, who lost his Fountaingrove home in the fires, blasted the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I read the legislation and scratched my head,” Franzman said. “Why is it fair for someone in Santa Cruz to pay for what happened in Santa Rosa? That means my 90-year-old father who lives 150 miles away is paying for this. I’m paying for my own recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nErin Brockovich, an environmental activist and attorney, is suing PG&E on behalf of Bay Area residents who lost their homes in the fires. She attacked the bill on Monday and accused PG&E of shielding itself from wildfire lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“This company is a ginormous monopoly that has the privilege of working in this state,” she said Monday. “Yet you take no accountability and no responsibility for your actions that harm people and kill people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, first introduced in 2016, was originally aimed at promoting electric cars. It was gutted and amended last week, however, to address PG&E’s liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential liability from the 2017 northern California wildfires requires immediate legislative action,” the bill reads. “The number of persons affected by the wildfires, and the extent of their losses, highlight the need for timely and equitable resolution of their claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PG&E spokesperson called the bill a “common sense” approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The measure does not absolve PG&E from responsibility,” said spokeswoman Lynsey Paulo. “Instead, it takes a balanced, common-sense approach that will protect electric customers, the communities PG&E serves and our state’s clean energy future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October wildfires in Northern California wound up being the largest group of wildfires in recorded state history. The damage resulted in about $10 billion in insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "On the Yuba River, Climate Change Means It’s Time for a Dam Makeover",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Among the California rivers, \u003c/span>the Yuba is one of the most dramatic. Draining the Sierra Nevada just north of Lake Tahoe, it is steep and flashy – one of the most flood-prone rivers in the state.[contextly_sidebar id=”5W6DMWRFLlQdVnTSwRb7AsRbiAPhj5RN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Yuba River floods have killed people – notably in 1955, 1986 and 1997 – and climate change is making such floods more likely. As the atmosphere warms, more winter precipitation falls as rain rather than snow. This boosts the amount of runoff coursing downhill in any given storm.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ycwa.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Yuba County Water Agency\u003c/span>\u003c/a> has been working for years to strengthen levees along the river to handle additional runoff, together with the cities of Marysville and Yuba City downstream. Now the water agency plans something more ambitious: a major modification of New Bullards Bar Dam on the North Yuba River, its primary water storage reservoir, to handle bigger and wetter storms.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It plans to build a \u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ycwa.com/new/ss-design/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">second spillway\u003c/a>\u003c/span> at the dam to boost its water-release capacity, at an estimated cost of $160 million. The larger spillway will allow dam operators to release water sooner and faster to prepare for approaching storms.[contextly_sidebar id=”hb3pfTlPCWoT3gwTBUnvLuxoHxdF2wnt”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">State and federal agencies have undertaken such complex projects, notably at nearby Folsom Dam on the American River, a billion-dollar project recently completed by the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.S.\u003c/span> Army Corps of Engineers. But the New Bullards Bar project is a rare example of a local water agency undertaking costly dam modifications in response to changing hydrology.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“If you can evacuate water faster from the reservoir when there’s channel capacity, then you have more space in the reservoir for those peak flows,” said Curt Aikens, general manager of the Yuba County Water Agency. “Definitely, this will help to the extent climate change produces bigger storm events and bigger peak flows.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-133332 size-full\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180709140936/6513098583_d0d1bbb0bd_b2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"625\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curt Aikens, center, general manager of the Yuba County Water Agency, stands at the base of New Bullards Bar Dam on the North Yuba River during a tour in December 2011. He’s flanked by Col. Mike Wehr and Col. Bill Leady of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (Photo by Michael J. Nevins, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A new spillway would boost the reservoir’s flood-control capacity when warm, wet storms are predicted. Also, the additional operating flexibility it offers could boost water storage at certain times of year, a major benefit to the agency’s agricultural water customers and hydroelectric power generation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">New Bullards Bar Dam, completed in 1970, is one of the most spectacular impoundments in the state. A graceful concrete-arch dam, it soars 645ft high over the North Yuba River, providing a storage capacity of about 1 million acre-feet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The existing spillway at the dam has a relatively small release capacity of 19,000 cubic feet per second. Also, it is relatively high on the dam’s face – just 16ft below the typical full-reservoir water surface elevation. This means it can’t release water until the reservoir is nearly full, which limits options when responding to an approaching storm.[contextly_sidebar id=”U3zattDGIuNzrM3ORAOBp4mFJ3wUh65Q”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“With the current spillway, we can’t make big releases because we’re just waiting to fill up the reservoir to the point where you can release lots of water. That’s the point of this new spillway,” Aikens said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The project involves tunneling through the mountainside on the dam’s right abutment. The tunnel would be 38ft wide and 28ft high, with operable gates and a concrete chute directing water into the Yuba River below the dam.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133327\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1002px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-133327 size-full\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180709135001/NBB-YCWA-Plan1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"556\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Yuba County Water Agency proposes to build a new, larger spillway at New Bullards Bar Dam on the North Yuba River. The new spillway would involve tunneling through the mountainside next to the existing spillway. (Photo credit: Image courtesy Yuba County Water Agency)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It will have a release capacity of 45,000 cubic feet per second – more than double the existing spillway. And it will be 31.5ft lower than the existing spillway gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, when a big storm is forecast, dam operators can release water a lot sooner to free up empty space in the reservoir. This means the potential impact of downstream flooding is reduced, because the peak flow can be spread out over a longer period of time. Aikens said the new spillway could reduce the flood peak on the Yuba River downstream at Marysville as much as 2ft, significantly reducing stress on the city’s levees.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The agency also looked at raising the dam 10ft as an alternative. But that was rejected because it would cost a lot more, cause more environmental impacts and would not improve operational flexibility. The new spillway’s estimated cost of $160 million is about 46 percent less than raising the dam.[contextly_sidebar id=”YkK7kjn0na5tyJzaMLxW5AZV7pgprb4e”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"https://yubariver.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">South Yuba River Citizens League\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an environmental group that has fought for decades to improve flows and habitat in the river, supports the concept of a new spillway, said Rachel Hutchinson, the group’s river science director.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">She said the project is especially welcome after the disaster at Oroville Dam in 2017. Both spillways at Oroville, operated by the California Department of Water Resources, were severely damaged during heavy storm runoff, forcing thousands of downstream residents to evacuate amid fears the dam itself might collapse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That disaster also churned up gobs of sediment and debris that clogged the riverbed and the Feather River salmon hatchery.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think having a little more safety surrounding our dams would help to protect the resources that we have in the river, instead of allowing them to be another victim in a potential dam crisis,” Hutchinson said. “The human population and safety of the dams, of course, is paramount. But when a dam fails, the environment also loses.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A larger spillway would also provide a new kind of drought protection.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Normal operations require dam operators to keep lots of empty space in reservoirs during winter to be ready for floodwaters. The greater release capacity of a new spillway could allow the agency to keep the reservoir full more often, providing an important hedge against dry winters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Recent storm patterns in California, for instance, have produced wet conditions in December sufficient to fill many reservoirs. But operators were required to release water to be sure there was room for floodwaters later in winter. But then January and February turned out dry, leaving reservoirs only partially filled by the time winter ended.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To take advantage of this winter flexibility, Yuba County Water Agency also plans to adopt a new strategy called forecast-informed reservoir operations. This would change flood-control rules at the dam, allowing the reservoir to be kept nearly full in winter if weather forecasts indicate no storms are approaching.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If forecasts show a storm is targeting the Yuba watershed, the agency could still create enough flood-control capacity by dumping water quickly with the new, larger spillway.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Being able to manage the flood pool at New Bullards Bar is going to be more complicated in the future,” Hutchinson said. “With more of our precipitation falling as rain rather than snow, it’s going to fill more early and they’re going to want to hold onto that water. This should give them more flexibility with how they store water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Aikens said the agency plans to develop the new operating rules while the second spillway is under construction, so both are completed at the same time. Construction is expected to start in 2022, with completion three years later.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/07/09/nasas-dawn-goes-in-for-a-closer-look-at-the-birth-of-the-solar-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/07/10/on-the-yuba-river-climate-change-means-its-time-for-a-dam-makeover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Climate change brings new flood risks and new challenges for water storage managers. In California, one local water agency is taking on the big task of modifying its primary storage reservoir to be ready for these changes.",
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"description": "Climate change brings new flood risks and new challenges for water storage managers. In California, one local water agency is taking on the big task of modifying its primary storage reservoir to be ready for these changes.",
"title": "On the Yuba River, Climate Change Means It’s Time for a Dam Makeover | KQED",
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"headline": "On the Yuba River, Climate Change Means It’s Time for a Dam Makeover",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Among the California rivers, \u003c/span>the Yuba is one of the most dramatic. Draining the Sierra Nevada just north of Lake Tahoe, it is steep and flashy – one of the most flood-prone rivers in the state.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Yuba River floods have killed people – notably in 1955, 1986 and 1997 – and climate change is making such floods more likely. As the atmosphere warms, more winter precipitation falls as rain rather than snow. This boosts the amount of runoff coursing downhill in any given storm.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ycwa.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Yuba County Water Agency\u003c/span>\u003c/a> has been working for years to strengthen levees along the river to handle additional runoff, together with the cities of Marysville and Yuba City downstream. Now the water agency plans something more ambitious: a major modification of New Bullards Bar Dam on the North Yuba River, its primary water storage reservoir, to handle bigger and wetter storms.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It plans to build a \u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.ycwa.com/new/ss-design/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">second spillway\u003c/a>\u003c/span> at the dam to boost its water-release capacity, at an estimated cost of $160 million. The larger spillway will allow dam operators to release water sooner and faster to prepare for approaching storms.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">State and federal agencies have undertaken such complex projects, notably at nearby Folsom Dam on the American River, a billion-dollar project recently completed by the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.S.\u003c/span> Army Corps of Engineers. But the New Bullards Bar project is a rare example of a local water agency undertaking costly dam modifications in response to changing hydrology.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“If you can evacuate water faster from the reservoir when there’s channel capacity, then you have more space in the reservoir for those peak flows,” said Curt Aikens, general manager of the Yuba County Water Agency. “Definitely, this will help to the extent climate change produces bigger storm events and bigger peak flows.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 680px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-133332 size-full\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180709140936/6513098583_d0d1bbb0bd_b2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"625\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curt Aikens, center, general manager of the Yuba County Water Agency, stands at the base of New Bullards Bar Dam on the North Yuba River during a tour in December 2011. He’s flanked by Col. Mike Wehr and Col. Bill Leady of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (Photo by Michael J. Nevins, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A new spillway would boost the reservoir’s flood-control capacity when warm, wet storms are predicted. Also, the additional operating flexibility it offers could boost water storage at certain times of year, a major benefit to the agency’s agricultural water customers and hydroelectric power generation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">New Bullards Bar Dam, completed in 1970, is one of the most spectacular impoundments in the state. A graceful concrete-arch dam, it soars 645ft high over the North Yuba River, providing a storage capacity of about 1 million acre-feet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The existing spillway at the dam has a relatively small release capacity of 19,000 cubic feet per second. Also, it is relatively high on the dam’s face – just 16ft below the typical full-reservoir water surface elevation. This means it can’t release water until the reservoir is nearly full, which limits options when responding to an approaching storm.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“With the current spillway, we can’t make big releases because we’re just waiting to fill up the reservoir to the point where you can release lots of water. That’s the point of this new spillway,” Aikens said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The project involves tunneling through the mountainside on the dam’s right abutment. The tunnel would be 38ft wide and 28ft high, with operable gates and a concrete chute directing water into the Yuba River below the dam.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_133327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133327\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1002px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-133327 size-full\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180709135001/NBB-YCWA-Plan1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"556\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Yuba County Water Agency proposes to build a new, larger spillway at New Bullards Bar Dam on the North Yuba River. The new spillway would involve tunneling through the mountainside next to the existing spillway. (Photo credit: Image courtesy Yuba County Water Agency)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It will have a release capacity of 45,000 cubic feet per second – more than double the existing spillway. And it will be 31.5ft lower than the existing spillway gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, when a big storm is forecast, dam operators can release water a lot sooner to free up empty space in the reservoir. This means the potential impact of downstream flooding is reduced, because the peak flow can be spread out over a longer period of time. Aikens said the new spillway could reduce the flood peak on the Yuba River downstream at Marysville as much as 2ft, significantly reducing stress on the city’s levees.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The agency also looked at raising the dam 10ft as an alternative. But that was rejected because it would cost a lot more, cause more environmental impacts and would not improve operational flexibility. The new spillway’s estimated cost of $160 million is about 46 percent less than raising the dam.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"https://yubariver.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">South Yuba River Citizens League\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an environmental group that has fought for decades to improve flows and habitat in the river, supports the concept of a new spillway, said Rachel Hutchinson, the group’s river science director.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">She said the project is especially welcome after the disaster at Oroville Dam in 2017. Both spillways at Oroville, operated by the California Department of Water Resources, were severely damaged during heavy storm runoff, forcing thousands of downstream residents to evacuate amid fears the dam itself might collapse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That disaster also churned up gobs of sediment and debris that clogged the riverbed and the Feather River salmon hatchery.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think having a little more safety surrounding our dams would help to protect the resources that we have in the river, instead of allowing them to be another victim in a potential dam crisis,” Hutchinson said. “The human population and safety of the dams, of course, is paramount. But when a dam fails, the environment also loses.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A larger spillway would also provide a new kind of drought protection.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Normal operations require dam operators to keep lots of empty space in reservoirs during winter to be ready for floodwaters. The greater release capacity of a new spillway could allow the agency to keep the reservoir full more often, providing an important hedge against dry winters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Recent storm patterns in California, for instance, have produced wet conditions in December sufficient to fill many reservoirs. But operators were required to release water to be sure there was room for floodwaters later in winter. But then January and February turned out dry, leaving reservoirs only partially filled by the time winter ended.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To take advantage of this winter flexibility, Yuba County Water Agency also plans to adopt a new strategy called forecast-informed reservoir operations. This would change flood-control rules at the dam, allowing the reservoir to be kept nearly full in winter if weather forecasts indicate no storms are approaching.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If forecasts show a storm is targeting the Yuba watershed, the agency could still create enough flood-control capacity by dumping water quickly with the new, larger spillway.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Being able to manage the flood pool at New Bullards Bar is going to be more complicated in the future,” Hutchinson said. “With more of our precipitation falling as rain rather than snow, it’s going to fill more early and they’re going to want to hold onto that water. This should give them more flexibility with how they store water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Aikens said the agency plans to develop the new operating rules while the second spillway is under construction, so both are completed at the same time. Construction is expected to start in 2022, with completion three years later.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/07/09/nasas-dawn-goes-in-for-a-closer-look-at-the-birth-of-the-solar-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/07/10/on-the-yuba-river-climate-change-means-its-time-for-a-dam-makeover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Anyone Thinking About Planting Grasslands to Fight Climate Change? They Should",
"headTitle": "Anyone Thinking About Planting Grasslands to Fight Climate Change? They Should | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Over the past week, multiple large wildfires have broken out across California from San Diego County to the Oregon border, releasing tons of carbon dioxide into the air. As the vegetation grows back, the system should reabsorb carbon from the atmosphere, serving as carbon sinks — but that depends on how well those grasses and trees respond to a changing climate in the years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new study from researchers at UC Davis finds that grasslands are likely to be more resilient carbon sinks than forests as the climate changes. Grasses store more of their carbon underground, leading to fewer carbon losses from fire or drought. Currently, forests store much greater amounts of carbon than grasslands. California redwoods, for example, absorb more carbon per acre than any other system in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as a whole, California’s forests are faring poorly in the face of increasingly severe drought, fire, and beetle kill. The Forest Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/tree_mortality/california/index.shtml\">has estimated \u003c/a>that 129 million trees have died in California since 2010. Most of the carbon that these trees stored is above ground and will be released when the trees burn or decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead author Pawlok Dass, a postdoctoral researcher at Davis, who focuses on the global carbon cycle and climate change impacts on ecosystems, wondered whether the focus on forests in climate mitigation plans might be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We realized that a lot of money is being invested in the forests which are being impacted quite a bit by these wildfires,” he says, “which are literally burning the forests and causing all the money invested to go up in smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Dass notes, grasslands were getting very little attention, even though grasslands are an important native ecosystem in California — especially in the southern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forests and Grasses Under Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers used a forest simulation model to test how well forests and grasslands in California would fare in four different climate scenarios: 1) an optimistic scenario where emissions stop, 2) a “business-as-usual,” where emissions continue at the present rate, 3) cyclical drought, and 4) “megadrought” that persists for the next century. In all four scenarios, grasslands generally did better than forests. Grasslands expanded in the Sierra Nevada and southern parts of the state and contracted in the north. On the other hand, forest area shrank under most of the climate scenarios, only expanding in the most optimistic scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model does not account for any kind of direct human activity, such as logging or fire suppression. It also lumps plants into broad categories: a coast redwood tree counts the same as a lodgepole pine tree, even though a redwood can easily re-sprout after a fire, whereas a pine cannot. Similarly, non-native grasses are treated the same as native grasses, though non-native grasslands are pervasive in California and \u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044001/meta\">research suggests\u003c/a> non-native grasses store less carbon than native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Dass concedes that the simulation is an oversimplification, he says it’s a way to do experiments that would be impossible or unethical to do on a large scale in the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model predicts that in the absence of human intervention, California’s vegetation will lose more carbon than it can absorb under all but the most optimistic climate mitigation scenario. In order to compare the relative effects on grasses and trees, the researchers ran two experiments. First, how would carbon storage change if there were only grasses in California? They found that California remained a carbon sink in the long term. But when they asked the opposite question—what if there were only forests?—carbon storage quickly declined, because the forests couldn’t cope with fire and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the most ambitious climate mitigation scenario, forests remain the largest carbon sinks in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dass is not optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not see any sign of any mitigation,” he notes. “The current US administration has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement and a lot of other nations don’t seem to be giving much importance to climate change mitigation, so the probability of humanity doing something to prevent climate change seems to be less and less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A National Treasure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors are quick to emphasize that we should still protect forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The forests of California are a national treasure,” says Dass. “It would absolutely make no sense to remove forests or not to conserve forests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the researchers acknowledge that their study does not account for forest management activities, such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which can increase the resilience of forests in the face of climate change. Governor Jerry Brown’s final \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/06/27/governor-brown-signs-final-state-budget-with-record-rainy-day-fund-school-funding/\">budget plan\u003c/a> includes $210 million for forest improvement and wildfire prevention projects, supporting the California Forest Carbon Plan \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/10/governor-brown-issues-executive-order-to-protect-communities-from-wildfire-climate-impacts/\">announced in May\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Laird-Fire-Funding-Fix-statement.pdf\">“fire funding fix,”\u003c/a> passed by Congress as part of a federal spending package in March, which changes the way fire suppression is funded, is also designed to support forest resilience projects in the years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927106\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1927106\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2013 Rim Fire burned hundreds of thousands of acres in Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, much of it at high severity. The forests may store less carbon in a warmer future. \u003ccite>(Allie Weill)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, forest treatments need to be applied strategically and consistently; \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/110057\">some researchers argue \u003c/a>that forest treatments are unlikely to increase carbon stocks on a large scale. If you do a controlled burn on an area that never sees a wildfire come through, the net effect is carbon loss. Depending on forests and forest management activities for carbon storage can be risky. Based on the new study, grasslands are more reliable carbon sinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you invest Y amount of dollars in a grassland, the initial return will be definitely less than the investment of the forest, but the probability of that amount of dollars being lost in a wildfire is much less, compared to the amount invested in the forest,” says Dass. “It’s a low gain, long term investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rethinking the Strategy\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors argue that grassland conservation should be more seriously considered as carbon sinks for the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/capandtrade.htm\">Cap-and-Trade offset program\u003c/a>, which is regulated by the California Air Resources Board. Under the program, businesses can offset up to 8 percent of their carbon emissions by supporting approved carbon mitigation projects. Approved projects cover a wide range of activities but their carbon storage capacity must be verifiable over the long term. Many of the approved projects focus on forest conservation and management. And forest offset projects must already account for their own riskiness, says Dave Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board. There’s a buffer built in for wildfire or other unintended disturbances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, grasslands are not on the list of acceptable project types. Dass and the authors of the new study thinks that it’s time to add grasslands to the portfolio. Dass notes that “grasslands are more stable than forests, but they are by no means immune to the effects of climate change.” The authors cite the \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincarbonproject.org/\">Marin Carbon Project \u003c/a> as an example, which promotes carbon sequestration in rangeland, agricultural, and forest soils by encouraging practices like adding compost to grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern says the Air Resources Board is aware of these projects, but that they have not proven their case as a viable alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really want to see some more research,” says Clegern.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "New research suggests that policymakers have been missing a major opportunity to soak up carbon and slow down climate change.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the past week, multiple large wildfires have broken out across California from San Diego County to the Oregon border, releasing tons of carbon dioxide into the air. As the vegetation grows back, the system should reabsorb carbon from the atmosphere, serving as carbon sinks — but that depends on how well those grasses and trees respond to a changing climate in the years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new study from researchers at UC Davis finds that grasslands are likely to be more resilient carbon sinks than forests as the climate changes. Grasses store more of their carbon underground, leading to fewer carbon losses from fire or drought. Currently, forests store much greater amounts of carbon than grasslands. California redwoods, for example, absorb more carbon per acre than any other system in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as a whole, California’s forests are faring poorly in the face of increasingly severe drought, fire, and beetle kill. The Forest Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/tree_mortality/california/index.shtml\">has estimated \u003c/a>that 129 million trees have died in California since 2010. Most of the carbon that these trees stored is above ground and will be released when the trees burn or decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead author Pawlok Dass, a postdoctoral researcher at Davis, who focuses on the global carbon cycle and climate change impacts on ecosystems, wondered whether the focus on forests in climate mitigation plans might be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We realized that a lot of money is being invested in the forests which are being impacted quite a bit by these wildfires,” he says, “which are literally burning the forests and causing all the money invested to go up in smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Dass notes, grasslands were getting very little attention, even though grasslands are an important native ecosystem in California — especially in the southern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forests and Grasses Under Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers used a forest simulation model to test how well forests and grasslands in California would fare in four different climate scenarios: 1) an optimistic scenario where emissions stop, 2) a “business-as-usual,” where emissions continue at the present rate, 3) cyclical drought, and 4) “megadrought” that persists for the next century. In all four scenarios, grasslands generally did better than forests. Grasslands expanded in the Sierra Nevada and southern parts of the state and contracted in the north. On the other hand, forest area shrank under most of the climate scenarios, only expanding in the most optimistic scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model does not account for any kind of direct human activity, such as logging or fire suppression. It also lumps plants into broad categories: a coast redwood tree counts the same as a lodgepole pine tree, even though a redwood can easily re-sprout after a fire, whereas a pine cannot. Similarly, non-native grasses are treated the same as native grasses, though non-native grasslands are pervasive in California and \u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044001/meta\">research suggests\u003c/a> non-native grasses store less carbon than native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Dass concedes that the simulation is an oversimplification, he says it’s a way to do experiments that would be impossible or unethical to do on a large scale in the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model predicts that in the absence of human intervention, California’s vegetation will lose more carbon than it can absorb under all but the most optimistic climate mitigation scenario. In order to compare the relative effects on grasses and trees, the researchers ran two experiments. First, how would carbon storage change if there were only grasses in California? They found that California remained a carbon sink in the long term. But when they asked the opposite question—what if there were only forests?—carbon storage quickly declined, because the forests couldn’t cope with fire and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the most ambitious climate mitigation scenario, forests remain the largest carbon sinks in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dass is not optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not see any sign of any mitigation,” he notes. “The current US administration has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement and a lot of other nations don’t seem to be giving much importance to climate change mitigation, so the probability of humanity doing something to prevent climate change seems to be less and less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A National Treasure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors are quick to emphasize that we should still protect forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The forests of California are a national treasure,” says Dass. “It would absolutely make no sense to remove forests or not to conserve forests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the researchers acknowledge that their study does not account for forest management activities, such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which can increase the resilience of forests in the face of climate change. Governor Jerry Brown’s final \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/06/27/governor-brown-signs-final-state-budget-with-record-rainy-day-fund-school-funding/\">budget plan\u003c/a> includes $210 million for forest improvement and wildfire prevention projects, supporting the California Forest Carbon Plan \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/10/governor-brown-issues-executive-order-to-protect-communities-from-wildfire-climate-impacts/\">announced in May\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Laird-Fire-Funding-Fix-statement.pdf\">“fire funding fix,”\u003c/a> passed by Congress as part of a federal spending package in March, which changes the way fire suppression is funded, is also designed to support forest resilience projects in the years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927106\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1927106\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/IMG_8964.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2013 Rim Fire burned hundreds of thousands of acres in Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, much of it at high severity. The forests may store less carbon in a warmer future. \u003ccite>(Allie Weill)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, forest treatments need to be applied strategically and consistently; \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/110057\">some researchers argue \u003c/a>that forest treatments are unlikely to increase carbon stocks on a large scale. If you do a controlled burn on an area that never sees a wildfire come through, the net effect is carbon loss. Depending on forests and forest management activities for carbon storage can be risky. Based on the new study, grasslands are more reliable carbon sinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you invest Y amount of dollars in a grassland, the initial return will be definitely less than the investment of the forest, but the probability of that amount of dollars being lost in a wildfire is much less, compared to the amount invested in the forest,” says Dass. “It’s a low gain, long term investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rethinking the Strategy\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors argue that grassland conservation should be more seriously considered as carbon sinks for the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/capandtrade.htm\">Cap-and-Trade offset program\u003c/a>, which is regulated by the California Air Resources Board. Under the program, businesses can offset up to 8 percent of their carbon emissions by supporting approved carbon mitigation projects. Approved projects cover a wide range of activities but their carbon storage capacity must be verifiable over the long term. Many of the approved projects focus on forest conservation and management. And forest offset projects must already account for their own riskiness, says Dave Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board. There’s a buffer built in for wildfire or other unintended disturbances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, grasslands are not on the list of acceptable project types. Dass and the authors of the new study thinks that it’s time to add grasslands to the portfolio. Dass notes that “grasslands are more stable than forests, but they are by no means immune to the effects of climate change.” The authors cite the \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincarbonproject.org/\">Marin Carbon Project \u003c/a> as an example, which promotes carbon sequestration in rangeland, agricultural, and forest soils by encouraging practices like adding compost to grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern says the Air Resources Board is aware of these projects, but that they have not proven their case as a viable alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really want to see some more research,” says Clegern.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Appeals Court Backs $10B Volkswagen Emissions Cheating Deal",
"headTitle": "Appeals Court Backs $10B Volkswagen Emissions Cheating Deal | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A U.S. appeals court on Monday approved a $10 billion settlement between Volkswagen and car owners caught up in the company’s emissions cheating scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal delivered “tangible, substantial benefits” and the federal judge who approved it did more than enough to ensure it was fair, a three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled unanimously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The German automaker agreed to spend up to $10 billion compensating owners of roughly 475,000 Volkswagens and Audi vehicles with 2-liter diesel engines — the bulk of the vehicles caught up in the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>Volkswagen acknowledged that the cars were programmed to cheat on emissions tests. Under the terms of the deal, the automaker agreed to either buy back the cars or fix them and to pay each owner thousands of dollars in additional compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer in San Francisco approved that deal in 2016 as part of a $15 billion settlement that also included $2.7 billion for unspecified environmental mitigation and an additional $2 billion to promote zero-emissions vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th Circuit ruling Monday considered several objections, including returning to Volkswagen any of the $10 billion that is not paid out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 90 percent of affected vehicles have already been removed from the road or modified, Elizabeth Cabraser, lead attorney for Volkswagen owners and leaseholders, said in a statement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased with the court’s decision, which acknowledges the widespread support this historic settlement has received from affected Volkswagen owners and lessees and the substantial benefits available to class members,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volkswagen has acknowledged that more than 550,000 vehicles in the U.S. were programmed to turn on emissions controls during government lab tests and turn them off while on the road. Investigators found that the cars emitted more than 40 times the legal limit of nitrogen oxide, which can cause respiratory problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_90071 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_90071\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_90071\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Volkswagen acknowledged that the cars were programmed to cheat on emissions tests. Under the terms of the deal, the automaker agreed to either buy back the cars or fix them. ",
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"title": "Appeals Court Backs $10B Volkswagen Emissions Cheating Deal | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A mini-submarine designed by SpaceX engineers arrived in Thailand on Monday to assist with the rescue of four boys and their soccer coach, according to a series of tweets by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk.[contextly_sidebar id=”YhrgKZg4zh0OSJXzrWDPVdSAKHnVSgIy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “kid size” submarine, named Wild Boar after the children’s soccer team, was designed in one day and is made of rocket parts. It is light enough to be carried by 2 divers and small enough to get through narrow gaps, Musk tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dive team has successfully rescued eight of the original 12 boys trapped in northern Thailand’s Tham Luang Nang Non cave. The only way to reach them was by navigating dark and tight passageways filled with muddy water and strong currents, as well as oxygen-depleted air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SpaceX submarine was tested over the weekend at Palisades Charter High School in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk tweeted out several videos of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Testing underwater in LA pool \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/CDO2mtjP2D\">pic.twitter.com/CDO2mtjP2D\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1016029967270928384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 8, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1015138953693880320&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F41098-elon-musk-spacex-engineers-thai-cave-rescue.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Musk announced\u003c/a> that he was sending engineers from his companies to aide with the rescue operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boys, ages 11-16, and their 25-year-old coach have been trapped in the cave for two weeks, when they went exploring in northern Thailand’s Tham Luang Nang Non cave after a practice game. Monsoon flooding cut off their escape and prevented rescuers from finding them for almost 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The path out is considered especially complicated because of twists and turns in narrow flooded passages.[contextly_sidebar id=”Jp4i2vlFYTl6crh9q2DmNu3aEcG0XSjR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mini-submarine, which uses a component from Spacex’s Falcon 9 rocket, could also be used one day for space rescue missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With some mods, this could also work as an escape pod in space,” Musk tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Starbucks \u003ca href=\"https://news.starbucks.com/press-releases/starbucks-to-eliminate-plastic-straws-globally-by-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced on Monday\u003c/a> it plans to eliminate plastic straws from its 28,000 stores worldwide by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company will broaden the manufacture and use of what some in social media have dubbed the “adult sippy cup.” It’s a plastic strawless lid that will come to replace single-use plastic straws that now inundate its coffee shops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says the move, when fully implemented, could mean a billion fewer plastic straws across its stores each year. And it’s a part of Starbucks’ $10 million investment in creating recyclable and compostable cups around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strawless lid has already been in use at many of the company’s stores for certain kinds of cold drinks like cold foam and “draft nitro,” the coffee drink that comes out of a keg, mixed with nitrogen. Unlike straws, the new lid can be recycled, \u003ca href=\"https://news.starbucks.com/news/starbucks-announces-environmental-milestone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the company said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For our partners and customers, this is a significant milestone to achieve our global aspiration of sustainable coffee, served to our customers in more sustainable ways,” Kevin Johnson, president and chief executive officer for Starbucks, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starbucks’ headquarters are in Seattle, where a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/30/624911805/seattle-bans-most-plastic-straws-in-restaurants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ban on plastic straws\u003c/a> just kicked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other chains are also experimenting with getting rid of straws. In June, McDonald’s announced it would \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/15/620367460/mcdonalds-says-its-ditching-plastic-straws-in-u-k-and-ireland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">start phasing out plastic straws\u003c/a> at about 1,300 restaurants in the United Kingdom and Ireland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Starbucks%3A+Goodbye%2C+Plastic+Straws&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oklahoma’s 4.0 earthquakes are up significantly this year, but the overall rate of earthquakes is declining.[contextly_sidebar id=”VPdXhV17XHE5KQyFRFZgaXGQsWiJawet”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oklahoma has had six quakes of at least magnitude 4.0 halfway through this year, which is one more than all of last year. But the overall rate of earthquakes has declined, with 96 quakes of magnitude 3.0 or greater through June 30, compared with 144 at this point last year and 302 by the end of 2017, the Tulsa World reported. A magnitude 4.6 in April near Perry was the 12th largest in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are largely seeing earthquakes on unmapped faults that were activated in 2014 by wastewater injection, said state seismologist Jake Walter. Scientists are researching specific mechanisms by which the state’s ongoing seismicity is triggered, he said. Wastewater can trigger the initial earthquakes, but quakes themselves can lead to more quakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in some ways the wastewater injection has created a new paradigm that defies how we would categorize main shocks and aftershocks if this were a fault that had slipped in a more natural setting,” he said.[contextly_sidebar id=”lMwZC9PJi1VHjhPugowEzATSkbZvu2mZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walter said that Oklahoma’s seismic risk appears to be similar to the latest hazard forecast put out by the U.S. Geological Survey in March. The agency calculated Oklahoma’s short-term hazard levels to be similar to active regions in California. The chance of earthquake damage in high-hazard areas of Oklahoma this year ranges from 1 percent to 14 percent, “much higher” than most parts of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oklahoma’s 4.0 earthquakes are up significantly this year, but the overall rate of earthquakes is declining.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oklahoma has had six quakes of at least magnitude 4.0 halfway through this year, which is one more than all of last year. But the overall rate of earthquakes has declined, with 96 quakes of magnitude 3.0 or greater through June 30, compared with 144 at this point last year and 302 by the end of 2017, the Tulsa World reported. A magnitude 4.6 in April near Perry was the 12th largest in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are largely seeing earthquakes on unmapped faults that were activated in 2014 by wastewater injection, said state seismologist Jake Walter. Scientists are researching specific mechanisms by which the state’s ongoing seismicity is triggered, he said. Wastewater can trigger the initial earthquakes, but quakes themselves can lead to more quakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in some ways the wastewater injection has created a new paradigm that defies how we would categorize main shocks and aftershocks if this were a fault that had slipped in a more natural setting,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walter said that Oklahoma’s seismic risk appears to be similar to the latest hazard forecast put out by the U.S. Geological Survey in March. The agency calculated Oklahoma’s short-term hazard levels to be similar to active regions in California. The chance of earthquake damage in high-hazard areas of Oklahoma this year ranges from 1 percent to 14 percent, “much higher” than most parts of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It will most likely be weeks before the County Fire west of Sacramento is completely extinguished. By Friday it had consumed nearly 140 square miles — an area larger than Las Vegas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters say it was a vicious cycle of weather conditions, terrain and vegetation that made it one of the fastest-growing fires in recent memory. But there was something else at work: a relatively new challenge confronting fire crews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have noted that nighttime temperatures — overnight lows, in particular — are rising at a faster rate than daytime highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We know this has been going on and impacting firefighting operations.’\u003ccite>Tim Brown, Western Regional Climate Ctr.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It is a significant difference,” says Tim Brown, who directs the \u003ca href=\"https://wrcc.dri.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Regional Climate Center\u003c/a> in Reno. “Both temperatures are rising, but the minimum temperatures are rising even more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says the difference in rates first started showing up in the data around 1980, and that overnight lows are now running about 2 degrees F above the 1981-2010 period that climate scientists use as a benchmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can see both the trends in the daily high temperatures,” he notes, “but an even stronger trend in the daily night time temperature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927045\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927045\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm.png\" alt=\"Graph: N. Calif. overnight low temps since pre-20th C.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1180\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm.png 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-160x94.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-800x472.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-768x453.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-1020x602.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-1200x708.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-1920x1133.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-1180x696.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-960x566.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-240x142.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-375x221.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-520x307.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graph shows the recent spike in Northern California’s overnight low temperatures, compared to 1981-2010 period. \u003ccite>(Western Regional Climate Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And it’s not good news for firefighters, who have complained in recent years that wildfires have not been “laying down” at night as they had in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says the trend has been particularly apparent at this time of year, and in the part of the state where the season’s first two major fires erupted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This rise has been occurring all over the state,” says Brown. “But where the current fires are — the County Fire, the Pawnee Fire — yes, over the last six years, we can see from these observations that the nighttime temperatures have been particularly warmer than usual during the spring months and into summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could’ve been a contributing factor when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678850/firefighters-struggle-to-contain-massive-northern-california-blaze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the County Fire\u003c/a> started devouring landscape at the rate of 1,000 acres an hour, growing fourfold in size on its first night. The higher nighttime temperatures were just part of a witch’s brew of heat, low humidity, erratic winds, and terrain that made for a difficult fire fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know this has been going on and impacting firefighting operations,” says Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s fire season is off to an early start. By early July, Cal Fire had responded to about \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article214198989.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">260 more fires\u003c/a> than by the same time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says that since nights have warmed and humidity dropped, there isn’t as much moisture for “cured” or dead vegetation to absorb from the air. And, he says, if fire crews can’t make as much headway at night as they used to, it means there is also more smoke to contend with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a substantial increase in the potential for public health impacts that we can link to this increase in nighttime temperature,” says Brown.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It will most likely be weeks before the County Fire west of Sacramento is completely extinguished. By Friday it had consumed nearly 140 square miles — an area larger than Las Vegas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters say it was a vicious cycle of weather conditions, terrain and vegetation that made it one of the fastest-growing fires in recent memory. But there was something else at work: a relatively new challenge confronting fire crews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have noted that nighttime temperatures — overnight lows, in particular — are rising at a faster rate than daytime highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We know this has been going on and impacting firefighting operations.’\u003ccite>Tim Brown, Western Regional Climate Ctr.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It is a significant difference,” says Tim Brown, who directs the \u003ca href=\"https://wrcc.dri.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Regional Climate Center\u003c/a> in Reno. “Both temperatures are rising, but the minimum temperatures are rising even more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says the difference in rates first started showing up in the data around 1980, and that overnight lows are now running about 2 degrees F above the 1981-2010 period that climate scientists use as a benchmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can see both the trends in the daily high temperatures,” he notes, “but an even stronger trend in the daily night time temperature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927045\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927045\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm.png\" alt=\"Graph: N. Calif. overnight low temps since pre-20th C.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1180\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm.png 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-160x94.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-800x472.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-768x453.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-1020x602.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-1200x708.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-1920x1133.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-1180x696.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-960x566.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-240x142.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-375x221.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/NorCalTmins_20186timeseries_sm-520x307.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graph shows the recent spike in Northern California’s overnight low temperatures, compared to 1981-2010 period. \u003ccite>(Western Regional Climate Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And it’s not good news for firefighters, who have complained in recent years that wildfires have not been “laying down” at night as they had in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says the trend has been particularly apparent at this time of year, and in the part of the state where the season’s first two major fires erupted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This rise has been occurring all over the state,” says Brown. “But where the current fires are — the County Fire, the Pawnee Fire — yes, over the last six years, we can see from these observations that the nighttime temperatures have been particularly warmer than usual during the spring months and into summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could’ve been a contributing factor when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678850/firefighters-struggle-to-contain-massive-northern-california-blaze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the County Fire\u003c/a> started devouring landscape at the rate of 1,000 acres an hour, growing fourfold in size on its first night. The higher nighttime temperatures were just part of a witch’s brew of heat, low humidity, erratic winds, and terrain that made for a difficult fire fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know this has been going on and impacting firefighting operations,” says Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s fire season is off to an early start. By early July, Cal Fire had responded to about \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article214198989.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">260 more fires\u003c/a> than by the same time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says that since nights have warmed and humidity dropped, there isn’t as much moisture for “cured” or dead vegetation to absorb from the air. And, he says, if fire crews can’t make as much headway at night as they used to, it means there is also more smoke to contend with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a substantial increase in the potential for public health impacts that we can link to this increase in nighttime temperature,” says Brown.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In preparation for its highly anticipated ride-hailing app, General Motors has built one of the largest charging stations in the U.S. in a parking garage near Embarcadero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Vu8GFtVt22DVw7BjPdAtbj8MZEJcUaRC”]The location is a popular spot for ride-hailing services and the charging site will consist of 18 charging stations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-03/gm-said-to-put-pieces-in-place-for-robo-taxis-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports Bloomberg\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fleet of self-driving taxis, comprised of heavily modified Chevrolet Bolt electric vehicles, are slated to hit the road in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Self-driving car company Cruise, which is owned by GM, has been quietly testing its driverless fleet \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2017/08/08/cruise-ride-hailing-app-self-driving-uber-lyft-gm.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">among its own employees\u003c/a> for the past year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2018/07/05/gm-robo-taxis-uber-lyft-sf.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the San Francisco Business Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has been expanding on its home turf, having recently leased three buildings in San Francisco, and is currently recruiting heavily for talent. A decision on the exact date of a launch has not been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s an indication that Cruise is getting ready to commercialize autonomous ride-hailing services for the public and it will be in San Francisco,” Grayson Brulte, co-founder of consulting firm Brulte & Co., told Bloomberg. “I imagine they would want to own and operate the service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A GM spokesman said only that the automaker is still working toward commercializing its self-driving car service and that the company hasn’t decided whether to own the business or find partners. He declined to comment on the location.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"content__segment combx\">“For us the gating metric that determines when we take the driver out of the car is safety,” Cruise CEO Kyle Vogt \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2018/06/01/gm-cruise-ceo-softbank-investment-self-driving.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the Business Times\u003c/a> in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruise is \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/vr/autonomous/testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of 56 companies with a permit\u003c/a> to test autonomous cars on public roads in California. The California Public Utilities Commission voted in late May to \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M212/K643/212643106.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">create two pilot programs\u003c/a> for companies to provide limited rides to the public free of charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first pilot program permits companies to provide service with a \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M215/K467/215467801.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trained driver in the vehicle\u003c/a>. The second pilot program does not require a driver but cars must meet strict requirements set out by the Department of Motor Vehicles, including requirements to remotely monitor the operation of the vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM’s first pilot program for its driverless fleet will start late next year, reports Bloomberg.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "General Motors has built one of the largest charging stations in the U.S. in a parking garage near Embarcadero. And is ramping up its fleet of driverless electric cars.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In preparation for its highly anticipated ride-hailing app, General Motors has built one of the largest charging stations in the U.S. in a parking garage near Embarcadero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The location is a popular spot for ride-hailing services and the charging site will consist of 18 charging stations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-03/gm-said-to-put-pieces-in-place-for-robo-taxis-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports Bloomberg\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fleet of self-driving taxis, comprised of heavily modified Chevrolet Bolt electric vehicles, are slated to hit the road in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Self-driving car company Cruise, which is owned by GM, has been quietly testing its driverless fleet \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2017/08/08/cruise-ride-hailing-app-self-driving-uber-lyft-gm.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">among its own employees\u003c/a> for the past year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2018/07/05/gm-robo-taxis-uber-lyft-sf.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the San Francisco Business Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has been expanding on its home turf, having recently leased three buildings in San Francisco, and is currently recruiting heavily for talent. A decision on the exact date of a launch has not been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s an indication that Cruise is getting ready to commercialize autonomous ride-hailing services for the public and it will be in San Francisco,” Grayson Brulte, co-founder of consulting firm Brulte & Co., told Bloomberg. “I imagine they would want to own and operate the service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A GM spokesman said only that the automaker is still working toward commercializing its self-driving car service and that the company hasn’t decided whether to own the business or find partners. He declined to comment on the location.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"content__segment combx\">“For us the gating metric that determines when we take the driver out of the car is safety,” Cruise CEO Kyle Vogt \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2018/06/01/gm-cruise-ceo-softbank-investment-self-driving.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the Business Times\u003c/a> in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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