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"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiH3f6AKFbc]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey Bay — long considered an environmental success story–is now facing a new threat: tiny particles of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And scientists are finding that it’s far worse than they suspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay is a national marine sanctuary, a place where environmental protections and sustainable fishing have transformed what was once a stew of dumped waste products from local sardine canneries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long gone is the industrial filth that John Steinbeck described in his Depression-era novel Cannery Row. Now, the bay is cleaned up and home to seals, otters, and the occasional humpback whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not where you would expect to find tons of marine pollution,” said Kyle Van Houtan, who oversees research for the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s exactly what researchers found when they sent a robot trolling into the water. Van Houtan’s team found microplastics in quantities much higher than previously expected at nearly every level of the water column, according to a paper \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44117-2\">published\u003c/a> this week in \u003cem>Scientific Reports \u003c/em>from the publishers of \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that the deep sea, the Earth’s largest habitat, could be its “biggest repository of small plastic debris,” said Anela Choy, the report’s lead author, in a statement released with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At about a quarter-mile below the surface they found plastic particles at concentrations four times that near the surface or along the sea floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the samples were collected in Monterey Canyon, about 15 miles off the coast. The team took a smaller number of samples from Moss Landing Harbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies focused on plastic on the surface of the ocean, in places such as the much-publicized mid-ocean vortex known as the Great Pacific garbage patch, and on the sea floor. But Scientists have recently begun to focus on degraded motes of microplastics floating around in the water column.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To marine life, scientists say the plastic is indistinguishable from the organic material known as “marine snow,” commonly eaten by small crabs and filter feeders, which consume the plastic and introduce the pollution into the larger food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our study demonstrates a link between microplastics distributed across the water column and entry of this foreign material into marine food webs,” said Choy, a marine biologist with Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper is a joint study between Scripps, Monterey Bay Aquarium, and its sister organization, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic particles are not likely local, but the accreted debris from plastics that have been in the ocean for years, maybe decades. Much of it was probably once single-use plastic that has broken down over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are finding material that circulated throughout perhaps the entire North Pacific,” Van Houtan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using robots that filtered seawater to capture particles smaller than 5 millimeters in size, they collected repeated samples at a range of depths, from just below the surface to 3,000 feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943012\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-800x492.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-768x473.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both-1200x738.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/plastic-sampler-both.jpg 1755w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute engineers spent considerable time and effort developing a device to collect and filter microplastic deep below the surface of Monterey Bay. \u003ccite>(Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In order for us to access these areas, we rely on robotics to do that work,” said Kakani Katija, an engineer with MBARI. “We were able to find microplastics even in the deep sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the plastic from the ocean is a real challenge, Katija said, adding that a solution might be to prevent more of it from polluting the water in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering legislation to phase out the sale and distribution of some plastics. The companion bills, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">AB 1080, \u003c/a> target a wide range of single-use plastics, such as utensils, containers, and other items that can’t be recycled. The bills \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942666/which-environmental-bills-made-it-to-the-next-legislative-round\">moved forward\u003c/a> in the Legislature last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t think of a dive that I’ve been on that I haven’t seen some form of plastic, whether it be plastic bottles, or plastic bags,” said Amanda Kahn, who studies deep sea sponges in Monterey Bay as a postdoctoral fellow for MBARI. “One time we saw a plastic lawn chair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Fuhs Fellow Jazmine Mejia Munoz contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not where you would expect to find tons of marine pollution,” said Kyle Van Houtan, who oversees research for the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s exactly what researchers found when they sent a robot trolling into the water. Van Houtan’s team found microplastics in quantities much higher than previously expected at nearly every level of the water column, according to a paper \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44117-2\">published\u003c/a> this week in \u003cem>Scientific Reports \u003c/em>from the publishers of \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that the deep sea, the Earth’s largest habitat, could be its “biggest repository of small plastic debris,” said Anela Choy, the report’s lead author, in a statement released with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At about a quarter-mile below the surface they found plastic particles at concentrations four times that near the surface or along the sea floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the samples were collected in Monterey Canyon, about 15 miles off the coast. 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But Scientists have recently begun to focus on degraded motes of microplastics floating around in the water column.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To marine life, scientists say the plastic is indistinguishable from the organic material known as “marine snow,” commonly eaten by small crabs and filter feeders, which consume the plastic and introduce the pollution into the larger food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our study demonstrates a link between microplastics distributed across the water column and entry of this foreign material into marine food webs,” said Choy, a marine biologist with Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper is a joint study between Scripps, Monterey Bay Aquarium, and its sister organization, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic particles are not likely local, but the accreted debris from plastics that have been in the ocean for years, maybe decades. 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The companion bills, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">AB 1080, \u003c/a> target a wide range of single-use plastics, such as utensils, containers, and other items that can’t be recycled. 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"content": "\u003cp>College is where youth set out on their own, but UC Davis was not the right fit for this one Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before dawn, a male black bear, weighing about 100 pounds, was spotted on the southside of campus between the arboretum’s redwood grove and Old Davis Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got to the scene about half past seven, it was up a tree by the Hyatt hotel on campus,” said Andy Fell, a spokesperson for the university. Officials with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife responded, along with local police and fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When spooked, bears climb trees. Officials cleared a perimeter to give the bear space. That worked, and the bear climbed down. Then the wildlife team shot it with a tranquilizing dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the tranquilizer could take effect, it climbed up another tree, then passed out and fell down, Fell said. The wildlife team examined the bear and did not find any broken bones or major injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bear’s tenure as an Aggie was brief, as it was released to the “closest suitable habitat,” which you can see here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none; overflow: hidden;\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FCaliforniaDFW%2Fvideos%2F668661273604414%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why was the bear on campus? It was likely kicked out of its home by a mother who just had cubs, officials said. Fish and Wildlife Officer Kyle Glau said that while the bear is not a cub, it is a younger bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a younger bear looking for his own home territory,” Glau said. “He was looking to solve three simple needs: food, water and habitat. And he happened to run up on UC Davis Campus.”\u003cbr>\n“It’s rare, it’s unexpected, but it’s not impossible. It might happen again,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear sightings were also reported Monday in Vacaville and Dixon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>College is where youth set out on their own, but UC Davis was not the right fit for this one Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before dawn, a male black bear, weighing about 100 pounds, was spotted on the southside of campus between the arboretum’s redwood grove and Old Davis Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got to the scene about half past seven, it was up a tree by the Hyatt hotel on campus,” said Andy Fell, a spokesperson for the university. Officials with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife responded, along with local police and fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When spooked, bears climb trees. Officials cleared a perimeter to give the bear space. That worked, and the bear climbed down. Then the wildlife team shot it with a tranquilizing dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the tranquilizer could take effect, it climbed up another tree, then passed out and fell down, Fell said. The wildlife team examined the bear and did not find any broken bones or major injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bear’s tenure as an Aggie was brief, as it was released to the “closest suitable habitat,” which you can see here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none; overflow: hidden;\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FCaliforniaDFW%2Fvideos%2F668661273604414%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why was the bear on campus? It was likely kicked out of its home by a mother who just had cubs, officials said. Fish and Wildlife Officer Kyle Glau said that while the bear is not a cub, it is a younger bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a younger bear looking for his own home territory,” Glau said. “He was looking to solve three simple needs: food, water and habitat. And he happened to run up on UC Davis Campus.”\u003cbr>\n“It’s rare, it’s unexpected, but it’s not impossible. It might happen again,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear sightings were also reported Monday in Vacaville and Dixon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a courtroom packed with environmental activists, federal judges wrestled Tuesday over whether climate change violates the rights of young people who have sued the U.S. government over the use of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. Justice Department lawyer said the young people wrongly want the courts to direct energy policy, instead of government officials. Jeffrey Clark, an assistant attorney general, told three judges from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that the lawsuit is “a direct attack on the separation of powers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An attorney for the young people countered that government action that increases global warming puts “children in harm’s way” and urged the judges to let the lawsuit move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government devalues the lives of these young children when making energy policy,” said Julia Olson, chief legal counsel for Our Children’s Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit asks the courts to declare federal energy policies unconstitutional. The Obama and Trump administrations have tried to get it dismissed since it was filed in Oregon in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just really disappointing to see the lengths that they go to — to not only not let us get the remedy that we’re seeking, but not even let us have the chance to prove our facts or present our case at trial,” said Nathan Baring, a 19-year-old from Fairbanks, Alaska, who joined the lawsuit when he was 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the case drags on, sea ice that protects coastal Alaska communities from fierce storms is forming later in the year, leaving those villages vulnerable, he said. Earlier today, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced a bleak milestone. Carbon dioxide levels hit a record high in May, with average levels peaking at 414.7 parts per million, which surpassed the previous record of 411.2 ppm a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch Wednesday’s proceedings before the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Portland\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PGCSWm86OI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young people argue that government officials have known for more than 50 years that carbon pollution from fossil fuels causes climate change and that policies promoting oil and gas deprive them of their constitutional rights to life, liberty and property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for President Donald Trump’s administration say the young people didn’t find any “historical basis for a fundamental right to a stable climate system or any other constitutional right related to the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit says the young are more vulnerable to serious effects from climate change in the future. The American Academy of Pediatrics, 14 other health organizations and nearly 80 scientists and physicians agreed in a brief filed with the appeals court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They pointed out that the World Health Organization estimates that 88% of the global health burden of climate change falls on children younger than 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit wants the U.S. District Court in Eugene, where the lawsuit was filed, to declare that the U.S. government is violating the plaintiffs’ constitutional rights by substantially causing or contributing to a dangerous concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the 9th Circuit judges decide the lawsuit can move forward, it would go before the federal court in Eugene. The appeals court judges heard arguments Tuesday but were not expected to rule right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case has become a focal point for many youth activists, and the courtroom in Portland was packed. Baring said he and his co-plaintiffs have matured as the case has wound through the legal system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never anticipated how much I was going to grow up, or how much the group was going to grow up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a courtroom packed with environmental activists, federal judges wrestled Tuesday over whether climate change violates the rights of young people who have sued the U.S. government over the use of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. Justice Department lawyer said the young people wrongly want the courts to direct energy policy, instead of government officials. Jeffrey Clark, an assistant attorney general, told three judges from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that the lawsuit is “a direct attack on the separation of powers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An attorney for the young people countered that government action that increases global warming puts “children in harm’s way” and urged the judges to let the lawsuit move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government devalues the lives of these young children when making energy policy,” said Julia Olson, chief legal counsel for Our Children’s Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit asks the courts to declare federal energy policies unconstitutional. The Obama and Trump administrations have tried to get it dismissed since it was filed in Oregon in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just really disappointing to see the lengths that they go to — to not only not let us get the remedy that we’re seeking, but not even let us have the chance to prove our facts or present our case at trial,” said Nathan Baring, a 19-year-old from Fairbanks, Alaska, who joined the lawsuit when he was 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the case drags on, sea ice that protects coastal Alaska communities from fierce storms is forming later in the year, leaving those villages vulnerable, he said. Earlier today, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced a bleak milestone. Carbon dioxide levels hit a record high in May, with average levels peaking at 414.7 parts per million, which surpassed the previous record of 411.2 ppm a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch Wednesday’s proceedings before the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Portland\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/6PGCSWm86OI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/6PGCSWm86OI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The young people argue that government officials have known for more than 50 years that carbon pollution from fossil fuels causes climate change and that policies promoting oil and gas deprive them of their constitutional rights to life, liberty and property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for President Donald Trump’s administration say the young people didn’t find any “historical basis for a fundamental right to a stable climate system or any other constitutional right related to the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit says the young are more vulnerable to serious effects from climate change in the future. The American Academy of Pediatrics, 14 other health organizations and nearly 80 scientists and physicians agreed in a brief filed with the appeals court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They pointed out that the World Health Organization estimates that 88% of the global health burden of climate change falls on children younger than 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit wants the U.S. District Court in Eugene, where the lawsuit was filed, to declare that the U.S. government is violating the plaintiffs’ constitutional rights by substantially causing or contributing to a dangerous concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the 9th Circuit judges decide the lawsuit can move forward, it would go before the federal court in Eugene. The appeals court judges heard arguments Tuesday but were not expected to rule right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case has become a focal point for many youth activists, and the courtroom in Portland was packed. Baring said he and his co-plaintiffs have matured as the case has wound through the legal system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never anticipated how much I was going to grow up, or how much the group was going to grow up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "These California Environmental Bills Made It to the Next Round",
"headTitle": "These California Environmental Bills Made It to the Next Round | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1941477,science_1941182,news_11739302]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California bills and their sponsors, Friday was pass-or-die time in the Legislature. It’s an annual rite of spring: If on a certain date proposed bills don’t pass out of their house of origin, be it the Assembly or the Senate, they die for the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the Legislature considered a slate of new environmental policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill that prohibits California from authorizing new oil and gas infrastructure on state public lands, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 342\u003c/a>, moved on to the Senate. A bill that would require smog checks for semitrucks, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 210\u003c/a>, moved on to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mandated buffer between new oil wells and homes and schools, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB345\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 345\u003c/a>, failed in the Appropriations Committee, but it will be considered in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathryn Phillips, director of Sierra Club California, the group’s legislative and regulatory lobbying arm in Sacramento, said she couldn’t remember a year that so many new environmental bills passed their house of origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many of them did, and they were good bills that protect wildlife, protect clean air, clean water, and help make sure Californians are getting the kind of environment they want,” Phillips said. “On balance, the first half of this year was very good\u003cem>.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Howard Penn, executive director of the Planning and Conservation League, a California environmental advocacy organization, saw the glass as half-empty when it comes to big environmental issues. He pointed to the Legislature’s failure, at least for this year, of increasing transit-oriented development to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a goal shared by many of the state’s leading environmentalists.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB50\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 50\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747809/controversial-state-housing-density-bill-blocked-in-legislature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial housing density bill\u003c/a> proposed by San Francisco State Senator Scott Wiener, sought to achieve this goal, but it was blocked in the Legislature. Penn’s group did not endorse or oppose the bill because it sought legislative changes that did not materialize.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From our perspective, we keep trying to push climate change, greenhouse gases, and better land-use policies for affordable housing forward,” Penn said. “It’s not moving at the sustenance level that we would want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of these environmental bills are good, don’t get me wrong, but they’re nibbling away at the edges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond bills concerning oil and gas, California is considering major changes in the recycling and manufacture of plastics, as well as legislation to counter President Trump’s agenda of general environmental deregulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 54\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1080 \u003c/a>moved forward last week. The companion bills seek to phase out the sale and distribution of plastics, passing despite industry opposition, though in slightly watered-down form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, the legislation targeted a wide range of plastics, such as utensils, containers and other single-use items that can’t be recycled. The original language called for a 75% reduction by 2030. After that, all plastic manufacturing would have needed to be recyclable or compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After amendments, the legislation now applies to only what California’s Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery identifies as the most commonly littered items based on surveys. Lawmakers also extended the timeline for implementation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments are “tolerable changes,” said Mark Murray, an executive director of Californians Against Waste, which supports the legislation.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>We’re excited about the passage of the bills in the very strong form that they got out of both houses of the Legislature,” he said. “We’re hopeful that the Legislature will embrace this and put it on the governor’s desk.”\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 792\u003c/a>, another plastics bill, proposed by Assemblyman Phil Ting, D-San Francisco, moved to the Senate on May 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ting’s bill establishes a minimum recycled content level in plastic bottles. It also compels the beverage industry to buy back used plastic as a way of driving a local plastics recycling market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, the bill required \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11739302/a-future-with-100-recycled-beverage-bottles-a-new-state-bill-would-require-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100% recycled beverage bottles\u003c/a> by the year 2035, but that requirement was stripped during a committee hearing last month. Now, the bill would require that plastic bottles be made with 75% recycled plastic by the year 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ting said that it’s important that plastic bottles are recycled in-state. “The bottles [should be] broken down in California and repurposed here, rather than shipping our waste oversees,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Long-term, we should absolutely have 100 percent recycled content in our beverage bottles,” Ting added. “In the interim, I think setting very aggressive goals will greatly change the marketplace here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Trump Administration continues to pursue a rollback of federal environmental regulation, such as the Obama administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloombergenvironment.com/environment-and-energy/clean-power-plan-only-first-target-for-foes-of-climate-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 1\u003c/a> would replace them with state rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. President Pro Tem Toni Atkins, D-San Diego, is the bill’s author. In an email, she called the proposed law “California’s insurance against reckless deregulation at the federal level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dozens of vital clean air, clean water, and endangered species standards have been weakened or eliminated,” Atkins wrote. “Further, worker protections have been eroded and workplace incidents and fatalities have increased. Whatever actions the new federal regime may take, California will continue to enforce the same environmental and public health protections that have been in effect for years, as a matter of state law.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California bills and their sponsors, Friday was pass-or-die time in the Legislature. It’s an annual rite of spring: If on a certain date proposed bills don’t pass out of their house of origin, be it the Assembly or the Senate, they die for the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the Legislature considered a slate of new environmental policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill that prohibits California from authorizing new oil and gas infrastructure on state public lands, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 342\u003c/a>, moved on to the Senate. A bill that would require smog checks for semitrucks, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 210\u003c/a>, moved on to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mandated buffer between new oil wells and homes and schools, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB345\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 345\u003c/a>, failed in the Appropriations Committee, but it will be considered in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathryn Phillips, director of Sierra Club California, the group’s legislative and regulatory lobbying arm in Sacramento, said she couldn’t remember a year that so many new environmental bills passed their house of origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many of them did, and they were good bills that protect wildlife, protect clean air, clean water, and help make sure Californians are getting the kind of environment they want,” Phillips said. “On balance, the first half of this year was very good\u003cem>.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Howard Penn, executive director of the Planning and Conservation League, a California environmental advocacy organization, saw the glass as half-empty when it comes to big environmental issues. He pointed to the Legislature’s failure, at least for this year, of increasing transit-oriented development to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a goal shared by many of the state’s leading environmentalists.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB50\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 50\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747809/controversial-state-housing-density-bill-blocked-in-legislature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial housing density bill\u003c/a> proposed by San Francisco State Senator Scott Wiener, sought to achieve this goal, but it was blocked in the Legislature. Penn’s group did not endorse or oppose the bill because it sought legislative changes that did not materialize.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From our perspective, we keep trying to push climate change, greenhouse gases, and better land-use policies for affordable housing forward,” Penn said. “It’s not moving at the sustenance level that we would want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of these environmental bills are good, don’t get me wrong, but they’re nibbling away at the edges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond bills concerning oil and gas, California is considering major changes in the recycling and manufacture of plastics, as well as legislation to counter President Trump’s agenda of general environmental deregulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 54\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1080 \u003c/a>moved forward last week. The companion bills seek to phase out the sale and distribution of plastics, passing despite industry opposition, though in slightly watered-down form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, the legislation targeted a wide range of plastics, such as utensils, containers and other single-use items that can’t be recycled. The original language called for a 75% reduction by 2030. After that, all plastic manufacturing would have needed to be recyclable or compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After amendments, the legislation now applies to only what California’s Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery identifies as the most commonly littered items based on surveys. Lawmakers also extended the timeline for implementation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments are “tolerable changes,” said Mark Murray, an executive director of Californians Against Waste, which supports the legislation.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>We’re excited about the passage of the bills in the very strong form that they got out of both houses of the Legislature,” he said. “We’re hopeful that the Legislature will embrace this and put it on the governor’s desk.”\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 792\u003c/a>, another plastics bill, proposed by Assemblyman Phil Ting, D-San Francisco, moved to the Senate on May 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ting’s bill establishes a minimum recycled content level in plastic bottles. It also compels the beverage industry to buy back used plastic as a way of driving a local plastics recycling market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, the bill required \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11739302/a-future-with-100-recycled-beverage-bottles-a-new-state-bill-would-require-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100% recycled beverage bottles\u003c/a> by the year 2035, but that requirement was stripped during a committee hearing last month. Now, the bill would require that plastic bottles be made with 75% recycled plastic by the year 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ting said that it’s important that plastic bottles are recycled in-state. “The bottles [should be] broken down in California and repurposed here, rather than shipping our waste oversees,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Long-term, we should absolutely have 100 percent recycled content in our beverage bottles,” Ting added. “In the interim, I think setting very aggressive goals will greatly change the marketplace here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Trump Administration continues to pursue a rollback of federal environmental regulation, such as the Obama administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloombergenvironment.com/environment-and-energy/clean-power-plan-only-first-target-for-foes-of-climate-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 1\u003c/a> would replace them with state rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. President Pro Tem Toni Atkins, D-San Diego, is the bill’s author. In an email, she called the proposed law “California’s insurance against reckless deregulation at the federal level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dozens of vital clean air, clean water, and endangered species standards have been weakened or eliminated,” Atkins wrote. “Further, worker protections have been eroded and workplace incidents and fatalities have increased. Whatever actions the new federal regime may take, California will continue to enforce the same environmental and public health protections that have been in effect for years, as a matter of state law.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">A\u003c/span>s California wildfires scar more lives and char more property year after year, residents must now grapple with the distinct possibility of opening their front door one day to the sight of a raging inferno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, fire has always been a part of life in the state, and it always will — many landscapes are actually unhealthy without periodic blazes. What’s new is the increasing scale of catastrophe and the corresponding toll on human life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires of 2017 were the worst on record, that is, until the fires of 2018. Of the \u003ca href=\"http://fire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/top20_destruction.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">top 20\u003c/a> most destructive California wildfires, 10 have occured since 2015. Of the top 10, seven have burned over the last four years. (See sidebar.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\"]Why Are Wildfires Getting Worse?\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-591627312.jpg\">\u003cbr>\nThe threat from wildfire comes partly from weak building codes, a lack of fire breaks, and poorly thought out evacuation routes, and partly from a history of logging big trees, which were replaced with those that are smaller and more flammable. More than a century of fire suppression has also resulted in the accumulation of scrub vegetation and other fuels that cover the forest floor and contribute to hotter, more destructive flames. And climate change has altered fire behavior, making it more unpredictable.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does It Have to Be This way?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the great question,” said Scott Stephens, a professor of fire science at UC Berkeley, before thinking for a moment. “No. In a lot of ways, it could be better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation can’t be fixed easily or quickly, not even in the next decade or two, Stephens says. “But you can change the trajectory of where we’re headed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians could have safer homes, healthier forests, cleaner air and a drastically reduced risk of catastrophic fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this future requires sweeping changes in fire management, state and local policy, and individual behavior, California has a history of making bold changes and coming out the better. Stephens thinks the state can do it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this became a priority for health, for our kids, our grandkids and everybody else, it would just happen. It’s not like something that’s impossible,” he said. “It’s going to take time, but we really need to think about this and move a little bit decisively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, in eight stories, we examine some of the issues Californians will need to grapple with if we’re going to adapt to the increasing wildfire threat. We’re calling the series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Living With Wildfire: California Reimagined\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can We Make Sure It Never Happens Again?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\"]10 Most Destructive Fires in California\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Camp Fire, Nov. 2018; 85 deaths; 18,804 structures destroyed; 153,336 acres burned in Butte County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tubbs, Oct. 2017; 22 deaths; 5,636 structures; 36,807 acres; Napa and Sonoma counties\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tunnel, Oct. 1991; 25 deaths; 2,900 structures; 1,600 acres; Alameda County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cedar, Oct. 2003; 15 deaths; 2,820 structures; 273,246 acres; San Diego County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Valley, Sept. 2015; 4 deaths; 1,955 structures; 76,067 acres; Lake, Napa and Sonoma counties\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Witch, Oct. 2007; 2 deaths; 1,650 structures; 197,990 acres; San Diego County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Woolsey, Nov. 2018; 3 deaths; 1,643 structures; 96,949 acres; Ventura County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Carr, July 2018; 8 deaths; 1,614 structures; 229,651 acres; Shasta, Trinity counties\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>CZU August Complex, Aug. 2020; 1 death; 1,490 structures; 85,467 acres; Santa Cruz County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>LNU Lightning Complex, Aug. 2020; 5 deaths; 1,457 structures; 375,209 acres; Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Yolo & Solano counties\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]The Camp Fire that ripped through the communities of Paradise and Concow last November was the deadliest blaze anywhere in the United States in 100 years. It killed 85 people, more than the Loma Prieta earthquake, and left a path of ash and ruin that stunned people across the state. The devastation was so severe, the obvious question is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can we prevent it from happening again?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many may think a California constantly aflame is the state’s inevitable future. But it seems worth remembering that transformations around public safety rarely come easily or unprompted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans were in a similar moment in 1912, after the sinking of the Titanic. It wasn’t the first time a ship had gone down, but the disaster was so high-profile, so shocking, that the public demanded immediate action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the moment the ship sank, it became clear that there hadn’t been provision to save everybody’s life on the ship,” said Steven Biel, a Harvard Historian and author of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1426951.Down_with_the_Old_Canoe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Down with the Old Canoe: A Cultural History of the Titanic Disaster\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941412\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941412 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Sto%CC%88wer_Titanic-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sinking of the Titanic prompted swift safety overhauls for the shipping industry. Untergang der Titanic (“Sinking of the Titanic”) by Willy Stöwer, 1912\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shipbuilders, from their perspective, took safety seriously. In fact, they’d installed more than the required number of lifeboats on board. But that number was based on a vessel’s tonnage, not on how many people it carried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so there was a huge outcry about this,” Biel said. “And that’s really what led to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within two years, new safety regulations were adopted worldwide, a common — and not unreasonable — reaction to catastrophes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things about the story of disasters is that we don’t want them to be meaningless,” said Biel. “We want some good to have come from this … so that supposedly this kind of thing, whatever the disaster is, will never happen again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Collective Safety Versus Personal Freedom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California is to do all it can to prevent disasters like the 2018 Camp Fire, it will mean working through some contentious issues. Are there some locations where we shouldn’t rebuild? Should we fine homeowners who don’t clear vegetation? Can we agree on how to manage forests?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grappling with these questions will call on Californians to evaluate competing priorities. In some cases, personal freedom and property rights may be pitted against collective safety and the common good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That debate also played out during the years the country came to grips with its cigarette problem. The first report of the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health in 1964 identified smoking as a cause of lung cancer. The first major studies demonstrating a link between second-hand smoke and lung cancer were published in 1981. Yet, smoking in public places such as restaurants persisted for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People simply took it for granted that the indoor spaces were going to be contaminated with tobacco smoke,” said James Repace, an anti-smoking advocate who helped pass some of the first nonsmoking bills in New England in the late 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1941870 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-1020x1294.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"440\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-1020x1294.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-160x203.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-800x1015.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-768x974.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-946x1200.jpg 946w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\">“At the time, the thought of telling people they couldn’t smoke wherever they liked was unthinkable,” Repace said. That started to shift when public information campaigns taught people about the dangers of breathing tobacco smoke. “You know, you might have the right to smoke, but you don’t have a right to let your smoke make other people sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassroots pressure and the political will to change led to prioritizing public health over individual desire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it did take a generation,” said Repace. “But with respect to climate issues, we don’t have a generation. Time is running out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://sd03.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Dodd\u003c/a>, whose district includes areas burned during the 2017 Wine Country fires, already sees an attitude change among his constituents. Dodd says the once unpalatable idea of fining homeowners who don’t maintain what fire officials call “\u003ca href=\"https://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/DefensibleSpaceFlyer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">defensible space\u003c/a>” around their homes is seeming more reasonable to those who lived through recent conflagrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of government intrusion in their life,” said Dodd, characterizing the public’s change of thinking, “this is something where we all have to work together to protect not only your land, but your neighbor’s land as well, because if you don’t, that puts your neighbor in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans have made great strides toward solving a host of problems. The air used to be dirtier, rivers more polluted, food-safety regulations nonexistent. Acid rain once fell from the sky and the ozone hole continually grew. These issues, if not totally behind us, are vastly improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is hope for our ecosystems to be more fire resilient, better adapted to climate change,” Scott Stephens said. “So there really is hope, a way to step forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">A\u003c/span>s California wildfires scar more lives and char more property year after year, residents must now grapple with the distinct possibility of opening their front door one day to the sight of a raging inferno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, fire has always been a part of life in the state, and it always will — many landscapes are actually unhealthy without periodic blazes. What’s new is the increasing scale of catastrophe and the corresponding toll on human life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires of 2017 were the worst on record, that is, until the fires of 2018. Of the \u003ca href=\"http://fire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/top20_destruction.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">top 20\u003c/a> most destructive California wildfires, 10 have occured since 2015. Of the top 10, seven have burned over the last four years. (See sidebar.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "Why Are Wildfires Getting Worse?\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/GettyImages-591627312.jpg\">\u003cbr>\nThe threat from wildfire comes partly from weak building codes, a lack of fire breaks, and poorly thought out evacuation routes, and partly from a history of logging big trees, which were replaced with those that are smaller and more flammable. More than a century of fire suppression has also resulted in the accumulation of scrub vegetation and other fuels that cover the forest floor and contribute to hotter, more destructive flames. And climate change has altered fire behavior, making it more unpredictable.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does It Have to Be This way?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the great question,” said Scott Stephens, a professor of fire science at UC Berkeley, before thinking for a moment. “No. In a lot of ways, it could be better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation can’t be fixed easily or quickly, not even in the next decade or two, Stephens says. “But you can change the trajectory of where we’re headed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians could have safer homes, healthier forests, cleaner air and a drastically reduced risk of catastrophic fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this future requires sweeping changes in fire management, state and local policy, and individual behavior, California has a history of making bold changes and coming out the better. Stephens thinks the state can do it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this became a priority for health, for our kids, our grandkids and everybody else, it would just happen. It’s not like something that’s impossible,” he said. “It’s going to take time, but we really need to think about this and move a little bit decisively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, in eight stories, we examine some of the issues Californians will need to grapple with if we’re going to adapt to the increasing wildfire threat. We’re calling the series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Living With Wildfire: California Reimagined\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can We Make Sure It Never Happens Again?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "10 Most Destructive Fires in California\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Camp Fire, Nov. 2018; 85 deaths; 18,804 structures destroyed; 153,336 acres burned in Butte County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tubbs, Oct. 2017; 22 deaths; 5,636 structures; 36,807 acres; Napa and Sonoma counties\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tunnel, Oct. 1991; 25 deaths; 2,900 structures; 1,600 acres; Alameda County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cedar, Oct. 2003; 15 deaths; 2,820 structures; 273,246 acres; San Diego County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Valley, Sept. 2015; 4 deaths; 1,955 structures; 76,067 acres; Lake, Napa and Sonoma counties\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Witch, Oct. 2007; 2 deaths; 1,650 structures; 197,990 acres; San Diego County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Woolsey, Nov. 2018; 3 deaths; 1,643 structures; 96,949 acres; Ventura County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Carr, July 2018; 8 deaths; 1,614 structures; 229,651 acres; Shasta, Trinity counties\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>CZU August Complex, Aug. 2020; 1 death; 1,490 structures; 85,467 acres; Santa Cruz County\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>LNU Lightning Complex, Aug. 2020; 5 deaths; 1,457 structures; 375,209 acres; Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Yolo & Solano counties\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Camp Fire that ripped through the communities of Paradise and Concow last November was the deadliest blaze anywhere in the United States in 100 years. It killed 85 people, more than the Loma Prieta earthquake, and left a path of ash and ruin that stunned people across the state. The devastation was so severe, the obvious question is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can we prevent it from happening again?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many may think a California constantly aflame is the state’s inevitable future. But it seems worth remembering that transformations around public safety rarely come easily or unprompted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans were in a similar moment in 1912, after the sinking of the Titanic. It wasn’t the first time a ship had gone down, but the disaster was so high-profile, so shocking, that the public demanded immediate action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the moment the ship sank, it became clear that there hadn’t been provision to save everybody’s life on the ship,” said Steven Biel, a Harvard Historian and author of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1426951.Down_with_the_Old_Canoe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Down with the Old Canoe: A Cultural History of the Titanic Disaster\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941412\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941412 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Sto%CC%88wer_Titanic-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/20120507201420Stöwer_Titanic.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sinking of the Titanic prompted swift safety overhauls for the shipping industry. Untergang der Titanic (“Sinking of the Titanic”) by Willy Stöwer, 1912\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shipbuilders, from their perspective, took safety seriously. In fact, they’d installed more than the required number of lifeboats on board. But that number was based on a vessel’s tonnage, not on how many people it carried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so there was a huge outcry about this,” Biel said. “And that’s really what led to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within two years, new safety regulations were adopted worldwide, a common — and not unreasonable — reaction to catastrophes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things about the story of disasters is that we don’t want them to be meaningless,” said Biel. “We want some good to have come from this … so that supposedly this kind of thing, whatever the disaster is, will never happen again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Collective Safety Versus Personal Freedom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California is to do all it can to prevent disasters like the 2018 Camp Fire, it will mean working through some contentious issues. Are there some locations where we shouldn’t rebuild? Should we fine homeowners who don’t clear vegetation? Can we agree on how to manage forests?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grappling with these questions will call on Californians to evaluate competing priorities. In some cases, personal freedom and property rights may be pitted against collective safety and the common good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That debate also played out during the years the country came to grips with its cigarette problem. The first report of the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health in 1964 identified smoking as a cause of lung cancer. The first major studies demonstrating a link between second-hand smoke and lung cancer were published in 1981. Yet, smoking in public places such as restaurants persisted for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People simply took it for granted that the indoor spaces were going to be contaminated with tobacco smoke,” said James Repace, an anti-smoking advocate who helped pass some of the first nonsmoking bills in New England in the late 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1941870 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-1020x1294.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"440\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-1020x1294.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-160x203.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-800x1015.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-768x974.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09-946x1200.jpg 946w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/05/babies_09.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\">“At the time, the thought of telling people they couldn’t smoke wherever they liked was unthinkable,” Repace said. That started to shift when public information campaigns taught people about the dangers of breathing tobacco smoke. “You know, you might have the right to smoke, but you don’t have a right to let your smoke make other people sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassroots pressure and the political will to change led to prioritizing public health over individual desire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it did take a generation,” said Repace. “But with respect to climate issues, we don’t have a generation. Time is running out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://sd03.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Dodd\u003c/a>, whose district includes areas burned during the 2017 Wine Country fires, already sees an attitude change among his constituents. Dodd says the once unpalatable idea of fining homeowners who don’t maintain what fire officials call “\u003ca href=\"https://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/DefensibleSpaceFlyer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">defensible space\u003c/a>” around their homes is seeming more reasonable to those who lived through recent conflagrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of government intrusion in their life,” said Dodd, characterizing the public’s change of thinking, “this is something where we all have to work together to protect not only your land, but your neighbor’s land as well, because if you don’t, that puts your neighbor in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans have made great strides toward solving a host of problems. The air used to be dirtier, rivers more polluted, food-safety regulations nonexistent. Acid rain once fell from the sky and the ozone hole continually grew. These issues, if not totally behind us, are vastly improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is hope for our ecosystems to be more fire resilient, better adapted to climate change,” Scott Stephens said. “So there really is hope, a way to step forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In recent drought years, some sunny January days felt like summer. But this year, the opposite was true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region was soaked with the most May rain it has received in 21 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The weather pattern literally looked like something straight out of January, but it’s May,” said Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UCLA. “This regression back towards winter like conditions is amazing. There was a significant amount of rain near the coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was San Francisco’s 12th wettest May on record, according to the National Weather Service. The agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mtr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">records\u003c/a> show 2 inches of rainfall collected at San Francisco International Airport in May, the most since 1998, when 2.37 inches fell there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of all the rain is an unusually strong jet stream located farther south than normal, Swain said. The rain is even stranger, Swain added, because the region’s long-term trend is towards drier springs. “This May really stands out as an outlier from that perspective,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a rainier-than-normal winter, there was an abrupt end to the rainfall in March and virtually no rain in April. That’s a major reason why this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941908/this-years-bay-area-pollen-season-is-really-bad-heres-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">year’s pollen season\u003c/a> has been so tough for people with allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said the pollen season will likely last even longer this year after all the rain. June’s forecast shows warmer than average days on the horizon as the beginning of summer approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allergy sufferers can find KQED’s pollen forecast \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1940604/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In recent drought years, some sunny January days felt like summer. But this year, the opposite was true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region was soaked with the most May rain it has received in 21 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The weather pattern literally looked like something straight out of January, but it’s May,” said Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UCLA. “This regression back towards winter like conditions is amazing. There was a significant amount of rain near the coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was San Francisco’s 12th wettest May on record, according to the National Weather Service. The agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mtr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">records\u003c/a> show 2 inches of rainfall collected at San Francisco International Airport in May, the most since 1998, when 2.37 inches fell there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of all the rain is an unusually strong jet stream located farther south than normal, Swain said. The rain is even stranger, Swain added, because the region’s long-term trend is towards drier springs. “This May really stands out as an outlier from that perspective,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a rainier-than-normal winter, there was an abrupt end to the rainfall in March and virtually no rain in April. That’s a major reason why this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941908/this-years-bay-area-pollen-season-is-really-bad-heres-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">year’s pollen season\u003c/a> has been so tough for people with allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said the pollen season will likely last even longer this year after all the rain. June’s forecast shows warmer than average days on the horizon as the beginning of summer approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allergy sufferers can find KQED’s pollen forecast \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1940604/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal agencies are not performing enough prescribed burns in California and other Western states to curb the risk of wildfire, even as the practice has been adopted more widely by land managers in other regions in the U.S. That’s according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/2019Wildfires_kolden_prescribed_fire_trends_embargoed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis \u003c/a>published Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Fire\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1927354,science_1134217,science_1917346']Prescribed fires are deliberately ignited by forest managers to burn away brush and vegetation that can act as fuel during an uncontrolled wildfire. These prescribed burns are widely considered to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927354/controlled-burns-can-help-solve-californias-fire-problem-so-why-arent-there-more-of-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effective tool\u003c/a> in reducing wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, published by fire researcher Crystal Kolden, found that between 1998 and 2018, the number of acres subjected to prescribed burns skyrocketed in the Southeast while basically remaining flat in both Northern and Southern California. Less than 3% of all controlled burns in the U.S. occurred in the state, while 70 percent occurred in the Southeast. Kolden used data from the National Interagency Fire Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/N9fC2/5/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maya Miller, a reporter who worked on a \u003ca href=\"https://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/May2019_Report_The_Burning_Solution.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research brief\u003c/a> on the study for \u003ca href=\"https://climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Central\u003c/a>, told KQED’s Brian Watt Wednesday that California is lagging in its use of prescribed burns as a wildfire mitigation tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Further analysis state by state shows that California has been burning at one of the lowest rates nationwide,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, federal agencies continue to spend considerably more on fire suppression than on prescribed burns, according to data analyzed by Climate Central.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lack of Acceptance in the West\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to helping prevent catastrophic wildfires, prescribed burns are good for overall forest health and can restore balance to ecological processes disrupted by years of fire suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study notes that prescribed burns produce smoke that can create bad air quality. In rare circumstances, prescribed fires have grown out of control. Kolden, in her paper, suggests that these factors contribute to “social barriers” that have disincentivized fire managers, particularly on the federal level, from utilizing prescribed burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke, however, contains three times as much pollution as smoke from prescribed fires, according to a groundbreaking 2017 study \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JD026315\">published\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller said prescribed fires that burn out of control are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a risk and a contributing factor as to why some agencies have been more skeptical to embrace the practice,” she said. “Having said that, when agencies do cultivate the skill set to be able to conduct a burn in a safe way, 99 percent of the time it’s a safe and productive tool to use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Cal Fire published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/downloads/45-Day%20Report-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> that found the state’s forests were being poorly managed by state, federal and private landowners. The report recommended California immediately start to reduce its fuel load. On March 22, Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/03/22/governor-newsom-proclaims-state-of-emergency-on-wildfires-to-protect-states-most-vulnerable-communities/\">state of emergency on wildfires\u003c/a> and approved a plan to speed up prescribed burn projects in some locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal agencies are not performing enough prescribed burns in California and other Western states to curb the risk of wildfire, even as the practice has been adopted more widely by land managers in other regions in the U.S. That’s according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/2019Wildfires_kolden_prescribed_fire_trends_embargoed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis \u003c/a>published Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Fire\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Prescribed fires are deliberately ignited by forest managers to burn away brush and vegetation that can act as fuel during an uncontrolled wildfire. These prescribed burns are widely considered to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927354/controlled-burns-can-help-solve-californias-fire-problem-so-why-arent-there-more-of-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effective tool\u003c/a> in reducing wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, published by fire researcher Crystal Kolden, found that between 1998 and 2018, the number of acres subjected to prescribed burns skyrocketed in the Southeast while basically remaining flat in both Northern and Southern California. Less than 3% of all controlled burns in the U.S. occurred in the state, while 70 percent occurred in the Southeast. Kolden used data from the National Interagency Fire Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/N9fC2/5/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maya Miller, a reporter who worked on a \u003ca href=\"https://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/May2019_Report_The_Burning_Solution.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research brief\u003c/a> on the study for \u003ca href=\"https://climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Central\u003c/a>, told KQED’s Brian Watt Wednesday that California is lagging in its use of prescribed burns as a wildfire mitigation tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Further analysis state by state shows that California has been burning at one of the lowest rates nationwide,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, federal agencies continue to spend considerably more on fire suppression than on prescribed burns, according to data analyzed by Climate Central.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lack of Acceptance in the West\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to helping prevent catastrophic wildfires, prescribed burns are good for overall forest health and can restore balance to ecological processes disrupted by years of fire suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study notes that prescribed burns produce smoke that can create bad air quality. In rare circumstances, prescribed fires have grown out of control. Kolden, in her paper, suggests that these factors contribute to “social barriers” that have disincentivized fire managers, particularly on the federal level, from utilizing prescribed burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke, however, contains three times as much pollution as smoke from prescribed fires, according to a groundbreaking 2017 study \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JD026315\">published\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller said prescribed fires that burn out of control are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a risk and a contributing factor as to why some agencies have been more skeptical to embrace the practice,” she said. “Having said that, when agencies do cultivate the skill set to be able to conduct a burn in a safe way, 99 percent of the time it’s a safe and productive tool to use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Cal Fire published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/downloads/45-Day%20Report-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> that found the state’s forests were being poorly managed by state, federal and private landowners. The report recommended California immediately start to reduce its fuel load. On March 22, Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/03/22/governor-newsom-proclaims-state-of-emergency-on-wildfires-to-protect-states-most-vulnerable-communities/\">state of emergency on wildfires\u003c/a> and approved a plan to speed up prescribed burn projects in some locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "PG&E Wants to Make a Massive Investment in Weather Stations. Here’s Why",
"headTitle": "PG&E Wants to Make a Massive Investment in Weather Stations. Here’s Why | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The fire that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ripped across the North Bay hills in 2017\u003c/a> was propelled by hurricane-force winds in some places, even as weather stations in the flat lands of Santa Rosa and Napa registered little more than a breeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same was true in the town of Paradise when it was consumed by the Camp Fire. The winds near Paradise were blowing hard and fast, propelling the fire forward, says Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA. However just a few miles away in the Sacramento Valley, the winds were nearly calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many cases, there haven’t been weather stations in close enough proximity to these fires to get a really good handle of what the conditions are actually like on the ground — we are essentially poking around in the dark,” says Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following years of deadly wildfires sparked by faulty electrical equipment, the California Legislature \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689873/california-legislature-passes-major-reforms-to-wildfire-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passed a law\u003c/a> last August requiring power utilities to come up with detailed proposals to reduce the risk of blazes. On May 30, the California Public Utilities Commission voted unanimously to approve PG&E’s proposal, which includes the construction of hundreds of new weather stations across its Northern California territory. The company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750455/what-you-need-to-know-about-pges-state-mandated-wildfire-mitigation-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire plan\u003c/a> could cost billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s rich landscape of rolling hills and steep canyons has potentially hundreds of thousands of microclimates, which makes fire prediction an incredible challenge. That’s why PG&E plans to build a dense network of weather stations, which they hope will illuminate the humidity, wind speed and temperature of Northern California’s varied landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Power Shutdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators also unanimously approved a related plan to shut off power to areas of the electrical grid when wildfire risk is extreme.\u003cb> \u003c/b>Turning off consumer’s electricity has provoked \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/Supervisor-Warns-SDGE-Be-Careful-with-Power-Shut-Offs-462920363.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outcry in the past\u003c/a>, but lawmakers and regulators agree that it is — for now — necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk associated with another fire like the North Bay fires or the Camp Fire makes power shut downs a viable alternative, sadly,” says State Sen. Bill Dodd, D-Napa. “We cannot have our utilities creating these massive wildfires and have the associated risk of ratepayers having to pay these costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the proceedings, CPUC President Michael Picker said that because of the increasing threat of wildfire, utilities are expanding on their “current strategies for weather tracking, and more precise and local predictive modeling for wildfires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing weather conditions in portions of the state that have never been observed before, are not in the meteorological record, and certainly aren’t as granular as we need to be able to provide very precise and local kinds of situational awareness, which then can help us focus and isolate areas of risk and only cut power in those very specific areas,” Picker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picker also announced that he will step down from his position as CPUC president later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s plan is, in part, inspired by changes that another utility, San Diego Gas & Electric, made after its power lines ignited wildfires in 2007 and the company\u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-fire-lawsuit-witch-creek-settled-electric-2014dec05-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shelled out billions in damages\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, SDG&E installed a weather station in every circuit of its territory that had a high risk of fire, and in 2011, they added more. Meteorologists say that information derived from the stations dramatically improved their understanding of local weather patterns and has aided in their predictions of wildfire behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 23\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>wildfire legislation proposed by Sen. Dodd \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750339/fire-weather-stations-could-get-expanded-under-state-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cleared the state Senate\u003c/a>; the two bills compel the state to coordinate with PG&E and other utilities on where weather stations are deployed. They also create a state wildfire warning center and a fire threat potential index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to be more proactive in the state of California and have a wildfire warning center where we’ve got data points all throughout the state of California,” Dodd says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s proposal includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Installing an estimated 1,300 new weather stations by 2022, one for about every 20 circuit-miles in its highest fire risk areas. Currently, the utility has just over 350 weather stations across its territory, according to its meteorologists. PG&E will power down the grid based on information from predictive weather models, and overtime, the stations will improve the models. Additionally, weather data will be publicly available.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fixing approximately 600 high-definition cameras across its territory. PG&E, Cal Fire, and other agencies will use them to confirm wildfires. You can think of a camera as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\">fire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\">look\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">out\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\">tower\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\"> 2.0\u003c/a>. The cameras can pan, zoom, and stream images right to fire agencies, and they have near infrared capabilities — so they work at night, too. Thirty cameras are working now, and a live stream is available\u003ca href=\"http://www.alertwildfire.org/northbay/index.html\"> here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fire detection capabilities provided by NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936435/new-satellite-can-provide-immediate-wildfire-warning-but-first-the-govt-shutdown-has-to-end\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GOES-R series\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936435/new-satellite-can-provide-immediate-wildfire-warning-but-first-the-govt-shutdown-has-to-end\">satellites\u003c/a>, which rotate in sync with the Earth and scan California once a minute, and from three polar orbiting satellites — NASA’s Aqua, Terra, and VIIRS — that pass over the state each day. The utility’s meteorologists will use the satellites to identify when a wildfire breaks out in near real-time. This is helpful, but not groundbreaking, as the cameras and lookout towers can do the same. But, in filings with the CPUC, PG&E says it will pilot a system that disseminates alerts through a web application and emails to its team. For now, those alerts will stay in-house, but PG&E’s meteorologists hope in the future to notify fire agencies and the public.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Following San Diego \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before SDG&E installed additional weather stations, meteorologists generally understood that the hot, dry Santa Ana winds sped up as they whipped through passes and canyons. They assumed the acceleration stemmed from the Venturi effect — when air or water speeds up as it’s forced through a constricted area, like a thumb on the end of a garden hose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But using information from the weather stations — which now number 177 across San Diego County and parts of Orange County — meteorologists discovered that strong winds reached speeds upward of 100 mph on the hill and mountain slopes, too. That led the utility to replace some wood poles with steel poles and install stronger wires, in places, to better withstand the extreme winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian D’Agostino, director of the fire science and climate adaptation program at SDG&E, says the utility learned a great deal about how the Santa Ana winds behave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew they were strong, but we didn’t realize we were having 100 miles-per-hour winds in our backcountry,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California doesn’t have Santa Ana winds, but the region has strong gusts, sometimes called Diablo or Mono winds, according to Scott Strenfel, supervisor of meteorology operations and analytics for PG&E. He says there’s a lot the utility can learn about these winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping that we’re going to start to tease out some similar learnings of where these events are the most impactful,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Power Downs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the traditional mark of success in the utility business is keeping the lights on, not shutting them off, but the state’s deadly wildfires have reached a crisis point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom addressed the power shutdowns while introducing his latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941438/millions-for-climate-environmental-priorities-in-newsoms-may-budget\">budget\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941438/millions-for-climate-environmental-priorities-in-newsoms-may-budget\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a>, which includes $75 million to study the shutoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m worried about it,” he says. “We are all worried about it for [the] elderly. People’s power could be shut off not for a day or two, but potentially a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders say the policy is temporary, but it’s still unknown how long it will be used. Extreme fire conditions happen multiple times a year in California, which means every year communities could be without power for days or even a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA’s Swain says officials will need to carefully decide when to power the grid down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be a balancing act between deciding when it will cause more harm than good to shut off the power to thousands of people, or in which cases it will prevent a potential wildfire catastrophe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California's rich landscape of rolling hills and steep canyons has potentially hundreds of thousands of microclimates, which makes fire prediction an incredible challenge. That’s why PG&E wants to build a dense network of weather stations, which they hope will illuminate where the winds blow the hardest in Northern California.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The fire that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ripped across the North Bay hills in 2017\u003c/a> was propelled by hurricane-force winds in some places, even as weather stations in the flat lands of Santa Rosa and Napa registered little more than a breeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same was true in the town of Paradise when it was consumed by the Camp Fire. The winds near Paradise were blowing hard and fast, propelling the fire forward, says Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA. However just a few miles away in the Sacramento Valley, the winds were nearly calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many cases, there haven’t been weather stations in close enough proximity to these fires to get a really good handle of what the conditions are actually like on the ground — we are essentially poking around in the dark,” says Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following years of deadly wildfires sparked by faulty electrical equipment, the California Legislature \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689873/california-legislature-passes-major-reforms-to-wildfire-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passed a law\u003c/a> last August requiring power utilities to come up with detailed proposals to reduce the risk of blazes. On May 30, the California Public Utilities Commission voted unanimously to approve PG&E’s proposal, which includes the construction of hundreds of new weather stations across its Northern California territory. The company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750455/what-you-need-to-know-about-pges-state-mandated-wildfire-mitigation-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire plan\u003c/a> could cost billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s rich landscape of rolling hills and steep canyons has potentially hundreds of thousands of microclimates, which makes fire prediction an incredible challenge. That’s why PG&E plans to build a dense network of weather stations, which they hope will illuminate the humidity, wind speed and temperature of Northern California’s varied landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Power Shutdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators also unanimously approved a related plan to shut off power to areas of the electrical grid when wildfire risk is extreme.\u003cb> \u003c/b>Turning off consumer’s electricity has provoked \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/Supervisor-Warns-SDGE-Be-Careful-with-Power-Shut-Offs-462920363.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outcry in the past\u003c/a>, but lawmakers and regulators agree that it is — for now — necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk associated with another fire like the North Bay fires or the Camp Fire makes power shut downs a viable alternative, sadly,” says State Sen. Bill Dodd, D-Napa. “We cannot have our utilities creating these massive wildfires and have the associated risk of ratepayers having to pay these costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the proceedings, CPUC President Michael Picker said that because of the increasing threat of wildfire, utilities are expanding on their “current strategies for weather tracking, and more precise and local predictive modeling for wildfires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing weather conditions in portions of the state that have never been observed before, are not in the meteorological record, and certainly aren’t as granular as we need to be able to provide very precise and local kinds of situational awareness, which then can help us focus and isolate areas of risk and only cut power in those very specific areas,” Picker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picker also announced that he will step down from his position as CPUC president later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s plan is, in part, inspired by changes that another utility, San Diego Gas & Electric, made after its power lines ignited wildfires in 2007 and the company\u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-fire-lawsuit-witch-creek-settled-electric-2014dec05-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shelled out billions in damages\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, SDG&E installed a weather station in every circuit of its territory that had a high risk of fire, and in 2011, they added more. Meteorologists say that information derived from the stations dramatically improved their understanding of local weather patterns and has aided in their predictions of wildfire behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 23\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>wildfire legislation proposed by Sen. Dodd \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750339/fire-weather-stations-could-get-expanded-under-state-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cleared the state Senate\u003c/a>; the two bills compel the state to coordinate with PG&E and other utilities on where weather stations are deployed. They also create a state wildfire warning center and a fire threat potential index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to be more proactive in the state of California and have a wildfire warning center where we’ve got data points all throughout the state of California,” Dodd says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s proposal includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Installing an estimated 1,300 new weather stations by 2022, one for about every 20 circuit-miles in its highest fire risk areas. Currently, the utility has just over 350 weather stations across its territory, according to its meteorologists. PG&E will power down the grid based on information from predictive weather models, and overtime, the stations will improve the models. Additionally, weather data will be publicly available.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fixing approximately 600 high-definition cameras across its territory. PG&E, Cal Fire, and other agencies will use them to confirm wildfires. You can think of a camera as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\">fire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\">look\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">out\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\">tower\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/26/rekindling-fire-lookout-towers/\"> 2.0\u003c/a>. The cameras can pan, zoom, and stream images right to fire agencies, and they have near infrared capabilities — so they work at night, too. Thirty cameras are working now, and a live stream is available\u003ca href=\"http://www.alertwildfire.org/northbay/index.html\"> here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fire detection capabilities provided by NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936435/new-satellite-can-provide-immediate-wildfire-warning-but-first-the-govt-shutdown-has-to-end\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GOES-R series\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936435/new-satellite-can-provide-immediate-wildfire-warning-but-first-the-govt-shutdown-has-to-end\">satellites\u003c/a>, which rotate in sync with the Earth and scan California once a minute, and from three polar orbiting satellites — NASA’s Aqua, Terra, and VIIRS — that pass over the state each day. The utility’s meteorologists will use the satellites to identify when a wildfire breaks out in near real-time. This is helpful, but not groundbreaking, as the cameras and lookout towers can do the same. But, in filings with the CPUC, PG&E says it will pilot a system that disseminates alerts through a web application and emails to its team. For now, those alerts will stay in-house, but PG&E’s meteorologists hope in the future to notify fire agencies and the public.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Following San Diego \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before SDG&E installed additional weather stations, meteorologists generally understood that the hot, dry Santa Ana winds sped up as they whipped through passes and canyons. They assumed the acceleration stemmed from the Venturi effect — when air or water speeds up as it’s forced through a constricted area, like a thumb on the end of a garden hose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But using information from the weather stations — which now number 177 across San Diego County and parts of Orange County — meteorologists discovered that strong winds reached speeds upward of 100 mph on the hill and mountain slopes, too. That led the utility to replace some wood poles with steel poles and install stronger wires, in places, to better withstand the extreme winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian D’Agostino, director of the fire science and climate adaptation program at SDG&E, says the utility learned a great deal about how the Santa Ana winds behave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew they were strong, but we didn’t realize we were having 100 miles-per-hour winds in our backcountry,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern California doesn’t have Santa Ana winds, but the region has strong gusts, sometimes called Diablo or Mono winds, according to Scott Strenfel, supervisor of meteorology operations and analytics for PG&E. He says there’s a lot the utility can learn about these winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping that we’re going to start to tease out some similar learnings of where these events are the most impactful,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Power Downs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the traditional mark of success in the utility business is keeping the lights on, not shutting them off, but the state’s deadly wildfires have reached a crisis point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom addressed the power shutdowns while introducing his latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941438/millions-for-climate-environmental-priorities-in-newsoms-may-budget\">budget\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941438/millions-for-climate-environmental-priorities-in-newsoms-may-budget\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a>, which includes $75 million to study the shutoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m worried about it,” he says. “We are all worried about it for [the] elderly. People’s power could be shut off not for a day or two, but potentially a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders say the policy is temporary, but it’s still unknown how long it will be used. Extreme fire conditions happen multiple times a year in California, which means every year communities could be without power for days or even a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA’s Swain says officials will need to carefully decide when to power the grid down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be a balancing act between deciding when it will cause more harm than good to shut off the power to thousands of people, or in which cases it will prevent a potential wildfire catastrophe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L98vo3uoiAI&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, it looks like a branch of kelp, but then an eye moves among its leafy appendages, and ridges of tiny, translucent fins start to flutter, sending the creature gliding through the water like something from a fairy tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Southern California aquarium has built what is believed to be one of the world’s largest habitats for the surreal sea dragons, whose native populations off Australia are threatened by pollution, warming oceans and the illegal pet and alternative medicine trades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atjKv21RL3Q&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Birch Aquarium at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego hopes the exhibit, which opened this month, will lead to the leafy sea dragon, the lesser-known cousin of the seahorse, being bred for the first time in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It literally just looked like a piece of kelp,” said Steven Kowal, 25, who was visiting San Diego from Greensboro, North Carolina, and took time to see the exhibit. “It was crazy to me that it was, like, actually living and swimming around, so that’s cool. I’ve never seen anything like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a common reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like something out of this world,” said Leslee Matsushige, the aquarium’s associate curator, who noted the sea dragons’ amazing ability to camouflage themselves. “When people see them move, you hear them say, ‘What? That’s alive? Wow! That’s crazy.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists like Matsushige hope the creatures’ magnetic power will prompt people to read signs next to the tanks that outline ways to protect them and what can be done to make oceans healthier, such as picking up trash and stopping pollutants from going down the drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few aquariums have sea dragons. There are only two types of sea dragons, the leafy and the weedy, each representing its own genus. Both are found only in a small area of temperate waters off the southern and western coasts of Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAArcm32IJw&w=560&h=315]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little is known about them because their populations are so small and in remote areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, only the weedy sea dragon, a bony fish that resembles seaweed when floating, has been bred in captivity, and only a handful of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach was the first in the world to breed the weedy sea dragons in 2001. It also is trying to breed leafy sea dragons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TpQS8uAUE0&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Birch Aquarium’s 18-foot-long (5.5-meter-long) tank has three leafy sea dragons — two males and one female — and 11 weedy sea dragons. The 5,300-gallon (20,062-liter) tank is a vast space, especially for the smaller leafy sea dragon, which grows to only about 14 inches (36 centimeters) in length. The tank has grassy plants, a sandy bottom and rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists hope the large space will foster breeding. Sea dragons mirror each other in a courtship dance, spiraling upward before the female deposits her eggs onto a patch on the underside of the male’s tail. Like seahorses, the male carries the young and gives birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already seeing great courtship behaviors, and so we’re hopeful we can get some egg transfers really soon,” said Jenn Nero Moffatt, director of animal care at the Birch Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit is the latest effort by the aquarium that is a world leader in seahorse propagation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea dragons swim by spinning translucent fins while their tails act as rudders. They have no natural predators, in part because their slender bodies are covered by bony plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If both types of sea dragons can be bred, scientists believe that could reduce the number being taken illegally from the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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I’ve never seen anything like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a common reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like something out of this world,” said Leslee Matsushige, the aquarium’s associate curator, who noted the sea dragons’ amazing ability to camouflage themselves. “When people see them move, you hear them say, ‘What? That’s alive? Wow! That’s crazy.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists like Matsushige hope the creatures’ magnetic power will prompt people to read signs next to the tanks that outline ways to protect them and what can be done to make oceans healthier, such as picking up trash and stopping pollutants from going down the drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few aquariums have sea dragons. There are only two types of sea dragons, the leafy and the weedy, each representing its own genus. Both are found only in a small area of temperate waters off the southern and western coasts of Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XAArcm32IJw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XAArcm32IJw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little is known about them because their populations are so small and in remote areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, only the weedy sea dragon, a bony fish that resembles seaweed when floating, has been bred in captivity, and only a handful of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach was the first in the world to breed the weedy sea dragons in 2001. It also is trying to breed leafy sea dragons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1TpQS8uAUE0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1TpQS8uAUE0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Birch Aquarium’s 18-foot-long (5.5-meter-long) tank has three leafy sea dragons — two males and one female — and 11 weedy sea dragons. The 5,300-gallon (20,062-liter) tank is a vast space, especially for the smaller leafy sea dragon, which grows to only about 14 inches (36 centimeters) in length. The tank has grassy plants, a sandy bottom and rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists hope the large space will foster breeding. Sea dragons mirror each other in a courtship dance, spiraling upward before the female deposits her eggs onto a patch on the underside of the male’s tail. Like seahorses, the male carries the young and gives birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already seeing great courtship behaviors, and so we’re hopeful we can get some egg transfers really soon,” said Jenn Nero Moffatt, director of animal care at the Birch Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit is the latest effort by the aquarium that is a world leader in seahorse propagation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The Half Dome Lottery System Was Supposed to Make the Hike Safer. This Study Says It Hasn’t",
"headTitle": "The Half Dome Lottery System Was Supposed to Make the Hike Safer. This Study Says It Hasn’t | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Anyone attempting to summit Yosemite National Park’s iconic Half Dome rock formation during the 2000s would have likely found a bottleneck of hikers along the breathtaking final push up a steep incline of sheer granite.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Susanne Spano, UCSF']‘The permits were put in place for the right reasons — to make it safer for the people that are participating. It just so happens that there is no safety benefit.’[/pullquote]On a busy day, more than 1,000 people made the climb, and park officials worried that so many hikers using the cables put in place to assist their ascent made for dangerous conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This restriction is needed to provide for visitor safety,” the park service wrote at the time in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/upload/halfdomemanagement.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">policy paper\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. The number of daily visitors was subsequently lowered even more, to 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an \u003ca href=\"https://www.wemjournal.org/article/S1080-6032(18)30218-7/fulltext\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the park’s injury numbers, out this month in the journal \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">found that the number of accidents involving Half Dome hikers were statistically the same for the five years before and after the park began its permitting policy, despite the fact that up to 66% fewer hikers summited each day. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overcrowding does not seem to be the major factor influencing safety,” said Susanne Spano, the study’s lead author and director of the Wilderness Medicine fellowship program at UCSF Fresno. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The permits were put in place for the right reasons — to make it safer for the people that are participating. It just so happens that there is no safety benefit.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers found that from 2005 to 2009, before the lottery, Yosemite logged 85 search and rescue incidents, 134 accidents, and 38 major incidents. Between 2011 and 2015, the park saw 54 search and rescue incidents, 156 victims, and 35 major incidents. The park saw a decrease of three deaths, however, from seven to four. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long, Steep\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At between 14 to 16 miles round trip\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>including roughly 5,000 feet of elevation gain, the trek up Half Dome is one of the longest and steepest single-day hikes in the entire national park system, taking about 12 hours.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, the trailhead is easily accessible by car, which makes it a draw for more inexperienced hikers. Other hikes of similar difficulty, like the summit of nearby Mount Whitney (the tallest mountain in the Sierra), are less frequented, requiring more preparation and time in the backcountry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One stated reason for initiating the permitting system was the crowding on the incline up the summit. But the study in \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness & Environmental Medicine \u003c/span>\u003c/i>suggests that hikers are mostly getting hurt on the trail before that final leg, according to John Rose, professor of emergency medicine at the UC Davis Medical Center, who was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The research] supports the idea that the problem was probably not related to just having too many people on the cable.” Rose cautioned that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statsdirect.com/help/basics/prospective.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retrospective \u003c/a>study’s limitations include a small data set.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trailhead quotas are often used in national parks to limit the number of visitors and provide opportunities for solitude, but it’s less common for permit policies to be created in order to protect the health of hikers and backpackers. Spano’s research team is unaware of any other program like Yosemite’s.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Still, if people are getting hurt, it’s important to figure out why, and the park should consider additional safety measures, says Kathryn Van Waes, executive director of the American Hiking Society. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It needs to be looked into,” she said, suggesting Yosemite consult safety measures taken by parks with similarly perilous trails. “There are other places with these kinds of dangerous hikes in China, Switzerland and places in South America.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Van Waes suggested that an educational video explaining the dangers of Half Dome , shown as part of the permitting process, could help deter inexperienced hikers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A more extreme measure would be requiring guides to assist with the climb, she said, acknowledging such a measure would be unpopular with visitors and could create liability concerns. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941842\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941842 size-medium\" style=\"font-weight: bold; background-color: transparent; color: #767676;\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A warning sign posted on the trek up to Half Dome in Yosemite National Park. (Mike Wexler/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Tough Ticket\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spano said one thing possibly contributing to Half Dome injuries is “summit fever,” predicated on the difficulty that average hikers have acquiring permits. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The park issues them through a preseason lottery in March and daily lotteries during hiking season, normally May to October, when the guide cables are up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now that the opportunity to ascend Half Dome has been curtailed, Spano said, hikers may be pressing on even though they feel fatigued. “You might never have a chance to get back,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2017, the success rate for the preseason lottery was as low as 2% for weekend dates and 32% for weekdays, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco Chronicle columnist Tom Stienstra \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/travel/article/Yosemite-is-changing-Half-Dome-hiking-permits-13722202.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in March. Stienstra said that computer programmers “essentially have rigged the online-permit system.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2018, the average success rate improved to 47% on weekdays and 24% on weekends, according to the park’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/hdpermits.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lottery statistics\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>This year, the park tinkered with the system in order to curb the selling and transferring of permits, The Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/13/yosemite-half-dome-permits-available-for-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yosemite officials recommend that Half Dome hikers wear boots with traction, protect themselves from the sun, and drink at least a gallon of water. It’s not common for cell phones to work in the backcountry, even though there is some \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/internet.htm\">cell reception in the park\u003c/a>, mostly in Yosemite Valley. The park also suggests a hard-and-fast turnaround time — if you haven’t reached the top by midafternoon, you should reverse course so you aren’t hiking by headlamp in the dark. But bring a light just in case.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally incorrectly cited the study’s injury statistics as parkwide and not limited to the area above Little Yosemite Valley.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "The Half Dome Lottery System Was Supposed to Make the Hike Safer. This Study Says It Hasn’t",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Anyone attempting to summit Yosemite National Park’s iconic Half Dome rock formation during the 2000s would have likely found a bottleneck of hikers along the breathtaking final push up a steep incline of sheer granite.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The permits were put in place for the right reasons — to make it safer for the people that are participating. It just so happens that there is no safety benefit.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On a busy day, more than 1,000 people made the climb, and park officials worried that so many hikers using the cables put in place to assist their ascent made for dangerous conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This restriction is needed to provide for visitor safety,” the park service wrote at the time in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/upload/halfdomemanagement.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">policy paper\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. The number of daily visitors was subsequently lowered even more, to 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an \u003ca href=\"https://www.wemjournal.org/article/S1080-6032(18)30218-7/fulltext\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the park’s injury numbers, out this month in the journal \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">found that the number of accidents involving Half Dome hikers were statistically the same for the five years before and after the park began its permitting policy, despite the fact that up to 66% fewer hikers summited each day. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overcrowding does not seem to be the major factor influencing safety,” said Susanne Spano, the study’s lead author and director of the Wilderness Medicine fellowship program at UCSF Fresno. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The permits were put in place for the right reasons — to make it safer for the people that are participating. It just so happens that there is no safety benefit.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers found that from 2005 to 2009, before the lottery, Yosemite logged 85 search and rescue incidents, 134 accidents, and 38 major incidents. Between 2011 and 2015, the park saw 54 search and rescue incidents, 156 victims, and 35 major incidents. The park saw a decrease of three deaths, however, from seven to four. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long, Steep\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At between 14 to 16 miles round trip\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>including roughly 5,000 feet of elevation gain, the trek up Half Dome is one of the longest and steepest single-day hikes in the entire national park system, taking about 12 hours.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, the trailhead is easily accessible by car, which makes it a draw for more inexperienced hikers. Other hikes of similar difficulty, like the summit of nearby Mount Whitney (the tallest mountain in the Sierra), are less frequented, requiring more preparation and time in the backcountry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One stated reason for initiating the permitting system was the crowding on the incline up the summit. But the study in \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness & Environmental Medicine \u003c/span>\u003c/i>suggests that hikers are mostly getting hurt on the trail before that final leg, according to John Rose, professor of emergency medicine at the UC Davis Medical Center, who was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The research] supports the idea that the problem was probably not related to just having too many people on the cable.” Rose cautioned that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statsdirect.com/help/basics/prospective.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retrospective \u003c/a>study’s limitations include a small data set.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trailhead quotas are often used in national parks to limit the number of visitors and provide opportunities for solitude, but it’s less common for permit policies to be created in order to protect the health of hikers and backpackers. Spano’s research team is unaware of any other program like Yosemite’s.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Still, if people are getting hurt, it’s important to figure out why, and the park should consider additional safety measures, says Kathryn Van Waes, executive director of the American Hiking Society. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It needs to be looked into,” she said, suggesting Yosemite consult safety measures taken by parks with similarly perilous trails. “There are other places with these kinds of dangerous hikes in China, Switzerland and places in South America.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Van Waes suggested that an educational video explaining the dangers of Half Dome , shown as part of the permitting process, could help deter inexperienced hikers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A more extreme measure would be requiring guides to assist with the climb, she said, acknowledging such a measure would be unpopular with visitors and could create liability concerns. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941842\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941842 size-medium\" style=\"font-weight: bold; background-color: transparent; color: #767676;\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/3655503955_b3a3fc9015_o.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A warning sign posted on the trek up to Half Dome in Yosemite National Park. (Mike Wexler/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Tough Ticket\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spano said one thing possibly contributing to Half Dome injuries is “summit fever,” predicated on the difficulty that average hikers have acquiring permits. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The park issues them through a preseason lottery in March and daily lotteries during hiking season, normally May to October, when the guide cables are up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now that the opportunity to ascend Half Dome has been curtailed, Spano said, hikers may be pressing on even though they feel fatigued. “You might never have a chance to get back,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2017, the success rate for the preseason lottery was as low as 2% for weekend dates and 32% for weekdays, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco Chronicle columnist Tom Stienstra \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/travel/article/Yosemite-is-changing-Half-Dome-hiking-permits-13722202.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in March. Stienstra said that computer programmers “essentially have rigged the online-permit system.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2018, the average success rate improved to 47% on weekdays and 24% on weekends, according to the park’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/hdpermits.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lottery statistics\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>This year, the park tinkered with the system in order to curb the selling and transferring of permits, The Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/13/yosemite-half-dome-permits-available-for-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yosemite officials recommend that Half Dome hikers wear boots with traction, protect themselves from the sun, and drink at least a gallon of water. It’s not common for cell phones to work in the backcountry, even though there is some \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/internet.htm\">cell reception in the park\u003c/a>, mostly in Yosemite Valley. The park also suggests a hard-and-fast turnaround time — if you haven’t reached the top by midafternoon, you should reverse course so you aren’t hiking by headlamp in the dark. But bring a light just in case.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally incorrectly cited the study’s injury statistics as parkwide and not limited to the area above Little Yosemite Valley.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "This Year's Bay Area Pollen Season Is Really Bad. Here's Why",
"headTitle": "This Year’s Bay Area Pollen Season Is Really Bad. Here’s Why | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Bay Area has gotten well and truly soaked this year, with some cities near or already surpassing their average rainfall for the entire water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. Kari Nadeau, Stanford University']‘I’ve seen a lot more people come in with very severe symptoms. People calling me in the middle of the night just saying they can’t stop sneezing, and they can’t stop coughing and having mucus congestion. That is different than 10 years ago.’[/pullquote]But what’s good for our water supply can be a pain in the ear, nose and throat for allergy sufferers. All that rain means more plants growing, which also means more pollen, the fine powder produced by plants’ reproductive organs, called the stamen. Pollen is the cause of most seasonal allergies, and the pollen count indicates how much of it is floating around in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This pollen season was particularly bad because it rained so heavily and abruptly stopped, and everything pollinated,” said Dr. Michelle Huffaker, of the Allergy and Asthma Medical Group of the Bay Area. “We experienced an overlap between trees and grasses, with really high burdens of pollen each. That was particularly bad for folks’ symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaaai.org/about-aaaai/newsroom/allergy-statistics\">7.8% of U.S. adults\u003c/a> that suffer from hay fever, that means sneezing, congestion, watery eyes and general discomfort, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, not to mention legions of sneezing, congested, watery-eyed and generally discomforted sufferers.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=”science_1940604,science_1930023″ label=”Bay Area Pollen Forecast”[/aside]Daniel Mackey, 56, a resident of San Francisco, has struggled with pollen allergies for 20 years. “I’ve never suffered as badly as I did this year,” Mackey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ordinarily, he buys loads of antihistamine when his allergies act up, typically in April. That’s usually enough to keep his symptoms at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year has been far more difficult,” he said. “It just makes your life unmanageable. It does seem to be getting increasingly worse each year, but this year was particularly bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For children with difficult-to-control asthma or people that don’t have access to inhalers, medication and other treatment, a bad reaction could mean a trip to the intensive care unit. Although rare, the most dire allergy attacks can be life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is Global Warming Making Your Allergies Worse?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the long-term outlook: Pollen season is starting earlier and lasting longer. That alone could spell trouble for allergy sufferers. But in addition, plants are producing more pollen, so not only is the season lengthening, it’s also more severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for this unwelcome shift is that climate change is pushing temperatures higher, according to researcher Lewis Ziska, a plant physiologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s research service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bottom line, there is a clear effect of temperature increasing the length of the season but also increasing the intensity,” Ziska said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The negative trend in pollen would seem to extend well beyond the Bay Area, according to a recently published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30904111\">retrospective\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30904111\">study\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30904111\">in\u003c/a> \u003cem>Lancet Planet Health. \u003c/em>The study, on which Ziska was the lead author, analyzed at least 20 years of pollen data from 17 locations across the Northern Hemisphere. Twelve of the 17 areas experienced increases in annual pollen count, and 11 of 17 endured a longer season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, a 2014 study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111712\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS On\u003c/em>e suggested that elevated levels of carbon dioxide can increase the amount of pollen some plants produce, by as much as 50% per flower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers, from Harvard and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, estimated that grass pollen, the scourge of many Bay Area allergy suffers, will increase by up to 200%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are concerned about the future; if we consistently see temperature changes, that [is] going to mean enormous consequences in terms of allergy season and for people’s health,” Ziska said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That future may have already begun, according to Dr. Kari Nadeau, director of the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see both adults and kids,” Nadeau said. “I’ve seen a lot more people come in with very severe symptoms. People calling me in the middle of the night just saying they can’t stop sneezing, and they can’t stop coughing and having mucus congestion. That is different than 10 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Spikes Througout the Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area experiences three pollen spikes throughout the year, says Nadeau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juniper bushes and cypress, cedar and other trees release pollen beginning in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollen from annual grasses increases in April and into June, followed by a surge in summer weed pollen\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>While the ragweed pollen count jumps during the fall months on the East Coast, it’s not as much of a problem in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nadeau added that experts typically know the contours of allergy season, with some variation each year. But even that’s changing. “The problem is there’s more and more of these plants that are now secreting these pollen,” Nadeau said.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco resident Mackey said his allergies have put a crimp in what is normally an upbeat time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the advent of spring, normally people are happy,” he said. “For me, it’s a trial for a few weeks. It’s one of those things that you have to experience to know how debilitating it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can find resources for dealing with hay fever and information about allergies at the \u003c/em>\u003cem>American\u003c/em> \u003cem>Academy\u003c/em> \u003cem>of\u003c/em> \u003cem>Allergy\u003c/em>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003cem>Asthma\u003c/em> \u003cem>and\u003c/em> \u003cem>Immunology’s\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/Virtual-Allergist\">virtual allergist\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://acaai.org/allergies/types/hay-fever-rhinitis\">web site\u003c/a> of the \u003c/em>\u003cem>American\u003c/em> \u003cem>College\u003c/em> \u003cem>of\u003c/em> \u003cem>Allergy,\u003c/em> \u003cem>Asthma,\u003c/em> \u003cem>and\u003c/em> \u003cem>Immunology\u003c/em>\u003cem>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Abundant rain is good for our chronically challenged water supply, but it can be a pain in the ear, nose and throat for allergy sufferers, as more plants means more pollen. And climate change is only making it worse.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But what’s good for our water supply can be a pain in the ear, nose and throat for allergy sufferers. All that rain means more plants growing, which also means more pollen, the fine powder produced by plants’ reproductive organs, called the stamen. Pollen is the cause of most seasonal allergies, and the pollen count indicates how much of it is floating around in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This pollen season was particularly bad because it rained so heavily and abruptly stopped, and everything pollinated,” said Dr. Michelle Huffaker, of the Allergy and Asthma Medical Group of the Bay Area. “We experienced an overlap between trees and grasses, with really high burdens of pollen each. That was particularly bad for folks’ symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaaai.org/about-aaaai/newsroom/allergy-statistics\">7.8% of U.S. adults\u003c/a> that suffer from hay fever, that means sneezing, congestion, watery eyes and general discomfort, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, not to mention legions of sneezing, congested, watery-eyed and generally discomforted sufferers.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Daniel Mackey, 56, a resident of San Francisco, has struggled with pollen allergies for 20 years. “I’ve never suffered as badly as I did this year,” Mackey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ordinarily, he buys loads of antihistamine when his allergies act up, typically in April. That’s usually enough to keep his symptoms at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year has been far more difficult,” he said. “It just makes your life unmanageable. It does seem to be getting increasingly worse each year, but this year was particularly bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For children with difficult-to-control asthma or people that don’t have access to inhalers, medication and other treatment, a bad reaction could mean a trip to the intensive care unit. Although rare, the most dire allergy attacks can be life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is Global Warming Making Your Allergies Worse?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the long-term outlook: Pollen season is starting earlier and lasting longer. That alone could spell trouble for allergy sufferers. But in addition, plants are producing more pollen, so not only is the season lengthening, it’s also more severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for this unwelcome shift is that climate change is pushing temperatures higher, according to researcher Lewis Ziska, a plant physiologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s research service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bottom line, there is a clear effect of temperature increasing the length of the season but also increasing the intensity,” Ziska said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The negative trend in pollen would seem to extend well beyond the Bay Area, according to a recently published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30904111\">retrospective\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30904111\">study\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30904111\">in\u003c/a> \u003cem>Lancet Planet Health. \u003c/em>The study, on which Ziska was the lead author, analyzed at least 20 years of pollen data from 17 locations across the Northern Hemisphere. Twelve of the 17 areas experienced increases in annual pollen count, and 11 of 17 endured a longer season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, a 2014 study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111712\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS On\u003c/em>e suggested that elevated levels of carbon dioxide can increase the amount of pollen some plants produce, by as much as 50% per flower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers, from Harvard and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, estimated that grass pollen, the scourge of many Bay Area allergy suffers, will increase by up to 200%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are concerned about the future; if we consistently see temperature changes, that [is] going to mean enormous consequences in terms of allergy season and for people’s health,” Ziska said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That future may have already begun, according to Dr. Kari Nadeau, director of the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see both adults and kids,” Nadeau said. “I’ve seen a lot more people come in with very severe symptoms. People calling me in the middle of the night just saying they can’t stop sneezing, and they can’t stop coughing and having mucus congestion. That is different than 10 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Spikes Througout the Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area experiences three pollen spikes throughout the year, says Nadeau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juniper bushes and cypress, cedar and other trees release pollen beginning in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollen from annual grasses increases in April and into June, followed by a surge in summer weed pollen\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>While the ragweed pollen count jumps during the fall months on the East Coast, it’s not as much of a problem in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nadeau added that experts typically know the contours of allergy season, with some variation each year. But even that’s changing. “The problem is there’s more and more of these plants that are now secreting these pollen,” Nadeau said.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco resident Mackey said his allergies have put a crimp in what is normally an upbeat time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the advent of spring, normally people are happy,” he said. “For me, it’s a trial for a few weeks. It’s one of those things that you have to experience to know how debilitating it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can find resources for dealing with hay fever and information about allergies at the \u003c/em>\u003cem>American\u003c/em> \u003cem>Academy\u003c/em> \u003cem>of\u003c/em> \u003cem>Allergy\u003c/em>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003cem>Asthma\u003c/em> \u003cem>and\u003c/em> \u003cem>Immunology’s\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/Virtual-Allergist\">virtual allergist\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://acaai.org/allergies/types/hay-fever-rhinitis\">web site\u003c/a> of the \u003c/em>\u003cem>American\u003c/em> \u003cem>College\u003c/em> \u003cem>of\u003c/em> \u003cem>Allergy,\u003c/em> \u003cem>Asthma,\u003c/em> \u003cem>and\u003c/em> \u003cem>Immunology\u003c/em>\u003cem>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Shasta Dam Expansion: California, Conservation Groups Sue Water District Over Plan",
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"content": "\u003cp>The battle over Shasta Dam is escalating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California’s attorney general and several fishing and conservation groups filed separate lawsuits to stop a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937108/shasta-dam-project-sets-up-another-trump-california-showdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial project\u003c/a> to elevate the dam and expand the state’s largest reservoir, near Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project is unlawful,” wrote Attorney General Xavier Becerra in a statement announcing the state’s lawsuit. “It would create significant environmental and cultural impacts for the communities and habitats surrounding the Shasta Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cp>But the plaintiffs’ primary leverage point might be the McCloud River, the most \u003ca href=\"https://activenorcal.com/fishing-the-mccloud-river-famous-fish-in-a-special-setting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legendary trout stream\u003c/a> in California, and protected under \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/california-wild-and-scenic-rivers-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Wild & Scenic Rivers Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of several rivers feeding Shasta Lake, the shoreline of which would expand if the federal Bureau of Reclamation proceeds with its \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/shasta-enlargement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to add 18 feet\u003c/a> to the top of Shasta Dam. The Bureau estimates the expansion would add 630,000 acre-feet of water to the capacity of the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companion suit to the state’s was filed by a coalition of Friends of the River, Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, Institute for Fisheries Resources, Natural Resources Defense Council, Defenders of Wildlife, the Sierra Club and the Golden Gate Salmon Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Westlands Targeted\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike multiple \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-california-trump-environmental-lawsuits-20190507-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental lawsuits\u003c/a> filed by California since Donald Trump took office, this one doesn’t target the administration. Instead, both suits are aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a Fresno-based irrigation district and a major player in Central Valley water politics. Westlands wants the additional water that a bigger Shasta Lake might provide, and it’s willing to put up tens of millions in project funding to get it. But the state and other plaintiffs argue that the whole project is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been illegal for 30 years,” says Ron Stork, with the conservation group Friends of the River, in Sacramento. ” ‘It’ being raising Shasta Dam and Westlands cooperating with the federal goverment to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork says state law prohibits any expansion of Shasta, because it would flood a stretch of the lower McCloud, disrupting the river’s natural flow. It would also inundate most remaining sacred sites of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.winnememwintu.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some kind of sacred trusts that we’ve made as California citizens that we’re going to protect some of our rivers,” adds Stork, “and Westlands’ actions and Reclamation’s expected actions really can’t stand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra agrees that as a state-sanctioned agency, Westlands is barred from any participation in the project, financial or otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday evening, Westlands issued a statement saying it’s merely exploring its options with Shasta and not violating any law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Contrary to the allegations by the Attorney General, the District is not violating the law,” Westlands said. The district asserted it was “merely conducting environmental review” to determine whether it can move forward as a federal cost-sharing partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been widely anticipated that Westlands would provide critical funding for the expansion. The district has even bought up property surrounding Shasta Lake, presumably in anticipation of its enlargement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork says no hearing date has been set for his group’s case, but the battle is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation falls under the U.S. Department of the Interior, now headed by David Bernhardt, a former lobbyist for Westlands Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Normally dams are built to block rivers, but a legendary trout stream in Shasta County could be the river that blocked a dam.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The battle over Shasta Dam is escalating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California’s attorney general and several fishing and conservation groups filed separate lawsuits to stop a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937108/shasta-dam-project-sets-up-another-trump-california-showdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial project\u003c/a> to elevate the dam and expand the state’s largest reservoir, near Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project is unlawful,” wrote Attorney General Xavier Becerra in a statement announcing the state’s lawsuit. “It would create significant environmental and cultural impacts for the communities and habitats surrounding the Shasta Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cp>But the plaintiffs’ primary leverage point might be the McCloud River, the most \u003ca href=\"https://activenorcal.com/fishing-the-mccloud-river-famous-fish-in-a-special-setting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legendary trout stream\u003c/a> in California, and protected under \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/california-wild-and-scenic-rivers-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Wild & Scenic Rivers Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of several rivers feeding Shasta Lake, the shoreline of which would expand if the federal Bureau of Reclamation proceeds with its \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/shasta-enlargement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to add 18 feet\u003c/a> to the top of Shasta Dam. The Bureau estimates the expansion would add 630,000 acre-feet of water to the capacity of the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companion suit to the state’s was filed by a coalition of Friends of the River, Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, Institute for Fisheries Resources, Natural Resources Defense Council, Defenders of Wildlife, the Sierra Club and the Golden Gate Salmon Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Westlands Targeted\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike multiple \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-california-trump-environmental-lawsuits-20190507-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental lawsuits\u003c/a> filed by California since Donald Trump took office, this one doesn’t target the administration. Instead, both suits are aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a Fresno-based irrigation district and a major player in Central Valley water politics. Westlands wants the additional water that a bigger Shasta Lake might provide, and it’s willing to put up tens of millions in project funding to get it. But the state and other plaintiffs argue that the whole project is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been illegal for 30 years,” says Ron Stork, with the conservation group Friends of the River, in Sacramento. ” ‘It’ being raising Shasta Dam and Westlands cooperating with the federal goverment to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork says state law prohibits any expansion of Shasta, because it would flood a stretch of the lower McCloud, disrupting the river’s natural flow. It would also inundate most remaining sacred sites of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.winnememwintu.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some kind of sacred trusts that we’ve made as California citizens that we’re going to protect some of our rivers,” adds Stork, “and Westlands’ actions and Reclamation’s expected actions really can’t stand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra agrees that as a state-sanctioned agency, Westlands is barred from any participation in the project, financial or otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday evening, Westlands issued a statement saying it’s merely exploring its options with Shasta and not violating any law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Contrary to the allegations by the Attorney General, the District is not violating the law,” Westlands said. The district asserted it was “merely conducting environmental review” to determine whether it can move forward as a federal cost-sharing partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been widely anticipated that Westlands would provide critical funding for the expansion. The district has even bought up property surrounding Shasta Lake, presumably in anticipation of its enlargement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork says no hearing date has been set for his group’s case, but the battle is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation falls under the U.S. Department of the Interior, now headed by David Bernhardt, a former lobbyist for Westlands Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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