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"content": "\u003cp>What looks like a jellyfish but is closely related to humans? The answer is an oceanic animal called a salp, and right now the waters off California are teeming with unprecedented numbers of these creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salps are essentially transparent jet-propelled tubes. Their life cycle alternates between solitary swimmers, each smaller than your hand, and aggregated colonies that can grow longer than a bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40370\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 374px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/03/ocean-overrun-with-gentle-gelatinous-salps/shimada-2012-pyrosoma-carinaria-and-salps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40370\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40370\" title=\"Shimada 2012 Pyrosoma, Carinaria, and salps\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Shimada-2012-Pyrosoma-Carinaria-and-salps-374x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shimada 2012 Pyrosoma, Carinaria, and salps\" width=\"374\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pink tubes in the upper left are pyrosomes, a close relative of salps that have also increased in abundance. To the right of the pyrosomes is a transparent sea snail that preys on salps--these sea snails were unusually large this year. The rest of the tray is full of Salpa fusiformis, the \"brown-eyed salp.\" Photo by {link url=http://student.uncw.edu/mab1828/Matthew_Birk/Home.html}Matthew Birk{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As individuals, salps are innocuous. They don't sting. They don't hunt. They're gentle plankton eaters. But as populous blooms, salps can wreak havoc. So far this year their sheer gelatinous mass has shut down one \u003ca title=\"News - Power Plant Knocked Offline By Salps\" href=\"http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/04/27/11432974-diablo-canyon-nuclear-plant-in-california-knocked-offline-by-jellyfish-like-creature-called-salp?lite\">nuclear power plant\u003c/a> and destroyed two fishing nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOAA \u003ca title=\"NOAA SWFSC\" href=\"http://swfsc.noaa.gov/\">Southwest Fisheries Science Center\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz has surveyed the central California coast every spring since 1983, gathering information on individual fished species and on the ecosystem in general. The 2012 survey took the ship \u003cem>Bell M. Shimada\u003c/em> from San Diego to Newport between May 6 and June 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had wild salp catches over the last few weeks,\" wrote research fishery biologist John Field in a message from the boat to colleagues back on shore. \"No one from the survey has ever seen anything like it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each time the scientists dragged a trawl net through the water, they caught an average of 30,000 salps. Prior to 2012, the maximum salp catch for a single trawl was 235 in 1999. This year, some hauls held over half a million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40369\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/03/ocean-overrun-with-gentle-gelatinous-salps/shimdada-2012-midwater-trawl-net-covered-in-salps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40369\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40369\" title=\"Shimada 2012 midwater trawl net covered in salps\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Shimdada-2012-midwater-trawl-net-covered-in-salps-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shimada 2012 midwater trawl net covered in salps\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trawl net covered in salps - photo by {link url=http://student.uncw.edu/mab1828/Matthew_Birk/Home.html}Matthew Birk{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was when they could even use the nets. \"For the first time in the history of the survey,\" wrote research fishery biologist Keith Sakuma, \"both the primary and backup midwater trawl nets were ripped apart due to the sheer number of salps in the water.\" Often they had to cancel the trawls because there were simply too many salps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does such a freak salp bloom mean? It's tempting to dredge up the \"\u003ca title=\"National Science Foundation - Jellyfish Gone Wild\" href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/jellyfish/intro.jsp\">jellyfish gone wild\u003c/a>\" hypothesis--the idea that \u003ca title=\"Smithsonian - Jellyfish\" href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/40th-anniversary/Jellyfish-The-Next-Kings-of-the-Sea.html\">gelatinous creatures are taking over the oceans\u003c/a> because they can adapt to human pollution. But as \u003ca title=\"MBARI\" href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">MBARI\u003c/a> scientist Steven Haddock has pointed out, historical data for most species isn't good enough to be certain of an increase in numbers or a significant tolerance for pollution. Furthermore, in the case of California salps, there's reason to believe shifts in abundance are driven by natural oceanwide changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of decades, the Pacific Ocean alternates between \"warm\" and \"cool\" phases. During a warm phase from 1977-1998, salps declined in abundance; the trend reversed after 1998 with a shift to a cool phase. Yet none of the years since 1998 have shown salp numbers even close to the banner year of 2012. Scientists will surely be seeking further explanations and waiting to see how long the bloom continues.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What looks like a jellyfish but is closely related to humans? The answer is an oceanic animal called a salp, and right now the waters off California are teeming with unprecedented numbers of these creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salps are essentially transparent jet-propelled tubes. Their life cycle alternates between solitary swimmers, each smaller than your hand, and aggregated colonies that can grow longer than a bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40370\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 374px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/03/ocean-overrun-with-gentle-gelatinous-salps/shimada-2012-pyrosoma-carinaria-and-salps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40370\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40370\" title=\"Shimada 2012 Pyrosoma, Carinaria, and salps\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Shimada-2012-Pyrosoma-Carinaria-and-salps-374x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shimada 2012 Pyrosoma, Carinaria, and salps\" width=\"374\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pink tubes in the upper left are pyrosomes, a close relative of salps that have also increased in abundance. To the right of the pyrosomes is a transparent sea snail that preys on salps--these sea snails were unusually large this year. The rest of the tray is full of Salpa fusiformis, the \"brown-eyed salp.\" Photo by {link url=http://student.uncw.edu/mab1828/Matthew_Birk/Home.html}Matthew Birk{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As individuals, salps are innocuous. They don't sting. They don't hunt. They're gentle plankton eaters. But as populous blooms, salps can wreak havoc. So far this year their sheer gelatinous mass has shut down one \u003ca title=\"News - Power Plant Knocked Offline By Salps\" href=\"http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/04/27/11432974-diablo-canyon-nuclear-plant-in-california-knocked-offline-by-jellyfish-like-creature-called-salp?lite\">nuclear power plant\u003c/a> and destroyed two fishing nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOAA \u003ca title=\"NOAA SWFSC\" href=\"http://swfsc.noaa.gov/\">Southwest Fisheries Science Center\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz has surveyed the central California coast every spring since 1983, gathering information on individual fished species and on the ecosystem in general. The 2012 survey took the ship \u003cem>Bell M. Shimada\u003c/em> from San Diego to Newport between May 6 and June 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had wild salp catches over the last few weeks,\" wrote research fishery biologist John Field in a message from the boat to colleagues back on shore. \"No one from the survey has ever seen anything like it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each time the scientists dragged a trawl net through the water, they caught an average of 30,000 salps. Prior to 2012, the maximum salp catch for a single trawl was 235 in 1999. This year, some hauls held over half a million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40369\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/03/ocean-overrun-with-gentle-gelatinous-salps/shimdada-2012-midwater-trawl-net-covered-in-salps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40369\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40369\" title=\"Shimada 2012 midwater trawl net covered in salps\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Shimdada-2012-midwater-trawl-net-covered-in-salps-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shimada 2012 midwater trawl net covered in salps\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trawl net covered in salps - photo by {link url=http://student.uncw.edu/mab1828/Matthew_Birk/Home.html}Matthew Birk{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was when they could even use the nets. \"For the first time in the history of the survey,\" wrote research fishery biologist Keith Sakuma, \"both the primary and backup midwater trawl nets were ripped apart due to the sheer number of salps in the water.\" Often they had to cancel the trawls because there were simply too many salps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does such a freak salp bloom mean? It's tempting to dredge up the \"\u003ca title=\"National Science Foundation - Jellyfish Gone Wild\" href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/jellyfish/intro.jsp\">jellyfish gone wild\u003c/a>\" hypothesis--the idea that \u003ca title=\"Smithsonian - Jellyfish\" href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/40th-anniversary/Jellyfish-The-Next-Kings-of-the-Sea.html\">gelatinous creatures are taking over the oceans\u003c/a> because they can adapt to human pollution. But as \u003ca title=\"MBARI\" href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">MBARI\u003c/a> scientist Steven Haddock has pointed out, historical data for most species isn't good enough to be certain of an increase in numbers or a significant tolerance for pollution. Furthermore, in the case of California salps, there's reason to believe shifts in abundance are driven by natural oceanwide changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of decades, the Pacific Ocean alternates between \"warm\" and \"cool\" phases. During a warm phase from 1977-1998, salps declined in abundance; the trend reversed after 1998 with a shift to a cool phase. Yet none of the years since 1998 have shown salp numbers even close to the banner year of 2012. Scientists will surely be seeking further explanations and waiting to see how long the bloom continues.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Help the Sea On Your Next Overseas Vacation ",
"title": "Help the Sea On Your Next Overseas Vacation ",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/02/help-the-sea-on-your-next-overseas-vacation/heading-out-for-night-dive_c/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39819\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-39819\" title=\"Heading out for night dive in the Philippines\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nIf the chance to travel abroad and participate in an ongoing ocean research project sounds more appealing to you than drinking Mai Tais poolside, here are seven sea-friendly ideas for your next vacation. Whether you call it \"voluntourism,\" \"travelanthropy\" or just meaningful travel, each is an opportunity to support ocean conservation and education efforts around the world with your own two hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.seeturtles.org/\">SEE Turtles \u003c/a>is a non-profit which will connect you for free with a sea turtle conservation volunteer project. Typical volunteer work includes nightly beach patrols, looking for nesting adult female turtles and helping researchers measure, tag, and move eggs to the hatcheries. Depending on timing, volunteers may also get to help release baby sea turtles. Six out of the world's seven sea turtles species are threatened or endangered and each project works with specific species, primarily leatherbacks, olive ridleys, and green turtles. Volunteering costs from $20/day to several thousand per week for food and lodging, depending upon the location (travel expenses additional). Most trips are 8-10 days long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEE Turtles is a pilot project of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seethewild.org/1975/types-of-tours.html\">SEEtheWILD\u003c/a>, an organization that connects travelers with eco-tours and volunteer expeditions around the globe that generate income for endangered species protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.gviusa.com/programs/whale-and-dolphin-research-italy-volunteer-project\">dolphin monitoring aboard a sailboat\u003c/a> off the coast of Italy with Global Vision International (GVI). Whales and dolphins are attracted to the nutrient-rich waters of the Ligurian Sea, but heavy vessel traffic and fishing activity pose a threat to the marine mammals. Volunteers will spend a week living aboard a sailboat and monitoring the animals' spatial distribution, habitat preferences, ecology and behavior in support of scientifically based management of the Pelagos Cetacean Sanctuary. The cost is $1360, plus travel expenses. GVI is a private organization which operates 100 ongoing volunteer programs around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthwatch.org/expedition/exppresearchoceans.html?research=Ocean+Health&show=0\">22 ocean-centric expeditions organized by the non-profit EarthWatch\u003c/a> and assist with data collection in the Seychelles, Belize, Thailand, and other coastal settings around the world. The non-profit's currently listed trips last 7-15 days and range from $1,200-2,700 with meals and accommodation included (airfare is additional).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.reefball.org/\">The Reef Ball Foundation\u003c/a> works at sites around the world to rehabilitate and protect reef systems by deploying \"reef balls\" (manmade concrete habitats for juvenile fish). On a project-by-project basis, they need help building reef balls (working with concrete), deploying them (scuba certification required) and propagating and planting corals and mangrove trees. Volunteers pay for transportation, room and board and the cost and duration vary with the type of project. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefball.com/reefballcoalition/volunteerprograms.htm\">Read descriptions of typical Reef Ball volunteer projects here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.coralcay.org/index.php\">Coral Cay Conservation\u003c/a> organizes conservation expeditions in Cambodia and the Philippines and soon Sri Lanka. Volunteers dive daily to help survey species on the reef. Program costs start at approximately $1280 for two weeks, plus travel expenses to and from the site. The longer your stay, the cheaper the per-week cost is. Expedition lengths range from 2-16 weeks, and PADI Open Water and Advanced Open Water training is included for those not yet certified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conduct underwater surveys, fishery surveys, and educational outreach in southwest Madagascar's coral reefs, sea grass beds and other marine habitats. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefdoctor.org/index.php/rd/join/introduction_to_joining/\">The Reef Doctor's Research Assistant Programs \u003c/a>last from 4-12 weeks and are limited to six participants at a time. Program costs begin around $2,000 for four weeks and other volunteer expenses (air flights and transportation, dive gear, and insurance) are additional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: These ideas are meant as a starting place for your own research. The rates, dates and details are controlled by each respective organization and subject to change. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/02/help-the-sea-on-your-next-overseas-vacation/heading-out-for-night-dive_c/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39819\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-39819\" title=\"Heading out for night dive in the Philippines\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nIf the chance to travel abroad and participate in an ongoing ocean research project sounds more appealing to you than drinking Mai Tais poolside, here are seven sea-friendly ideas for your next vacation. Whether you call it \"voluntourism,\" \"travelanthropy\" or just meaningful travel, each is an opportunity to support ocean conservation and education efforts around the world with your own two hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.seeturtles.org/\">SEE Turtles \u003c/a>is a non-profit which will connect you for free with a sea turtle conservation volunteer project. Typical volunteer work includes nightly beach patrols, looking for nesting adult female turtles and helping researchers measure, tag, and move eggs to the hatcheries. Depending on timing, volunteers may also get to help release baby sea turtles. Six out of the world's seven sea turtles species are threatened or endangered and each project works with specific species, primarily leatherbacks, olive ridleys, and green turtles. Volunteering costs from $20/day to several thousand per week for food and lodging, depending upon the location (travel expenses additional). Most trips are 8-10 days long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEE Turtles is a pilot project of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seethewild.org/1975/types-of-tours.html\">SEEtheWILD\u003c/a>, an organization that connects travelers with eco-tours and volunteer expeditions around the globe that generate income for endangered species protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.gviusa.com/programs/whale-and-dolphin-research-italy-volunteer-project\">dolphin monitoring aboard a sailboat\u003c/a> off the coast of Italy with Global Vision International (GVI). Whales and dolphins are attracted to the nutrient-rich waters of the Ligurian Sea, but heavy vessel traffic and fishing activity pose a threat to the marine mammals. Volunteers will spend a week living aboard a sailboat and monitoring the animals' spatial distribution, habitat preferences, ecology and behavior in support of scientifically based management of the Pelagos Cetacean Sanctuary. The cost is $1360, plus travel expenses. GVI is a private organization which operates 100 ongoing volunteer programs around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthwatch.org/expedition/exppresearchoceans.html?research=Ocean+Health&show=0\">22 ocean-centric expeditions organized by the non-profit EarthWatch\u003c/a> and assist with data collection in the Seychelles, Belize, Thailand, and other coastal settings around the world. The non-profit's currently listed trips last 7-15 days and range from $1,200-2,700 with meals and accommodation included (airfare is additional).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.reefball.org/\">The Reef Ball Foundation\u003c/a> works at sites around the world to rehabilitate and protect reef systems by deploying \"reef balls\" (manmade concrete habitats for juvenile fish). On a project-by-project basis, they need help building reef balls (working with concrete), deploying them (scuba certification required) and propagating and planting corals and mangrove trees. Volunteers pay for transportation, room and board and the cost and duration vary with the type of project. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefball.com/reefballcoalition/volunteerprograms.htm\">Read descriptions of typical Reef Ball volunteer projects here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.coralcay.org/index.php\">Coral Cay Conservation\u003c/a> organizes conservation expeditions in Cambodia and the Philippines and soon Sri Lanka. Volunteers dive daily to help survey species on the reef. Program costs start at approximately $1280 for two weeks, plus travel expenses to and from the site. The longer your stay, the cheaper the per-week cost is. Expedition lengths range from 2-16 weeks, and PADI Open Water and Advanced Open Water training is included for those not yet certified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conduct underwater surveys, fishery surveys, and educational outreach in southwest Madagascar's coral reefs, sea grass beds and other marine habitats. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefdoctor.org/index.php/rd/join/introduction_to_joining/\">The Reef Doctor's Research Assistant Programs \u003c/a>last from 4-12 weeks and are limited to six participants at a time. Program costs begin around $2,000 for four weeks and other volunteer expenses (air flights and transportation, dive gear, and insurance) are additional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: These ideas are meant as a starting place for your own research. The rates, dates and details are controlled by each respective organization and subject to change. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40076\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/willowcreeksnakecarousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40076\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/willowcreeksnakecarousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"willow creek snake \" title=\"willowcreeksnakecarousel\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40076\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A garter snake, native to Sonoma County, rests on a trail in the Willow Creek addition of Sonoma Coast State Park. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a steamy Saturday afternoon in June near Duncans Mills, about 35 people huddle under a stingy ring of shade at the edge of a clearing in the Freezeout Flat parking area. We’ve signed up for an orientation to secure a day use permit, our ticket to Willow Creek Park, a nearly 3,400-acre stretch of wetlands, rolling grasslands, and upland forests just a few miles beyond the mouth of the Russian River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're here for more than a day use permit. We’ve come to sign on as stewards of land that should be ours, and would be in fact, save for California’s devastating budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These orientations create an opportunity for anyone who’s interested to explore areas otherwise not open to the public,” says Meg Hamill, field programs assistant for \u003ca href=\"http://www.landpaths.org/\">LandPaths\u003c/a>, a Sonoma County nonprofit that works with California State Parks, \u003ca href=\"http://www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/\">Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods\u003c/a>, and a diverse range of individuals and organizations to maintain the park under its “community-powered” model of stewardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LandPaths relies on the dedication of local nature lovers to keep this sprawling open space, known as the Willow Creek addition, accessible to the public. Although Willow Creek is part of Sonoma Coast State Park on paper, it remains separate, and unequal. The state can’t afford to maintain the property or pay rangers to monitor wildlife and the spread of \u003ca href=\"http://cisr.ucr.edu/sudden_oak_death.html\">sudden oak death\u003c/a>, the pathogenic fungus that’s decimating California’s iconic oak trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40081\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/phytophtora_ramorum/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40081\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Phytophtora_ramorum-305x253.png\" alt=\"sudden oak death\" title=\"Phytophtora_ramorum\" width=\"305\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40081\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fungus Phytophtora ramorum causes sudden oak death, which attacks oak trees in coastal California counties from Monterey to Humboldt. Scientists think \u003cem>P. ramorum \u003c/em>settles on oak trunks from nearby bay leaves during rains, infects bark through natural openings, then kills cells by blocking water and nutrient transport vessels. (Photo: Nicholls H: Stopping the Rot. PLoS Biol 2/7/2004: e213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020213)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where the permit program comes in. Though the park would be open to everyone without restriction in a perfect world, Hamill says, the ideal of a public state park for this parcel crumbled under the reality of the state’s spiraling budget crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most other state-funded entities in California, the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/NzVjY7\">fate of the state parks \u003c/a>hinges on Gov. Jerry Brown’s struggles to solve the state’s unprecedented budget crisis. Five Sonoma state parks were originally slated for closure, though \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20120612/articles/120619889?p=1&tc=pg\">recent agreements gave three parks\u003c/a> – Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, Jack London State Historic Park and Petaluma Adobe State Historic Park-- a reprieve, at least temporarily. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willow Creek permit program started in 2005, after a public-spirited coalition of groups led by the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District and the Trust for Public Land paid Mendocino Redwood Company, a Ukiah-based logging outfit, $22 million to turn the privately held Willow Creek watershed into a public resource. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state park system agreed to a novel partnership to protect the Willow Creek area on the condition that people gained access to the land right way. The original idea was to incorporate Willow Creek into the adjacent Sonoma Coast State Park’s jurisdiction. But Sonoma Park officials knew they couldn’t manage more responsibilities at that point, so they decided to experiment with a new model, teaming with a nonprofit outfit to create this “people powered” solution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to a grant from the \u003ca href=\"http://scc.ca.gov/\">Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, LandPaths developed the permit program to get people out on the landscape, not just as hikers, bikers, and equestrians but as stewards and managers. Sign up for the hour-long permit orientation, which happens once or twice a month, depending on the availability of staff and volunteers, and you learn a bit about the history of the park, the challenges of maintaining the land on a shoestring budget, and why your time, energy, and donations are critical to its preservation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40084\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/trailinwillowcreek-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40084\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/trailinwillowcreek2-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"willow creek trail\" title=\"trailinwillowcreek\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40084\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willow Creek trails, including this old logging road, take hikers through redwood, Douglas fir, and oak forest as they climb from sea level to ridge tops at 1,300 feet with sweeping vistas of Sonoma County's expansive open spaces. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State park officials originally expected to take over management of the Willow Creek addition after four years, but that was before the global economic meltdown. Since then, permit holders can still access the land thanks almost entirely to their own generosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permit program ensures that anyone who’s motivated to attend an orientation can access the 15-mile network of trails and old logging roads anytime between sunrise and sunset. A permit buys you the code to the combination lock on the gate at the end of Freezeout Road just east of Duncans Mills and a pass for the Freezeout Flat parking area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the parking area, it’s a short walk to the so-called “Pressure Drop Trail,” a lung-busting climb (or exhilarating downhill on mountain bike) that winds through fern-covered forests with bays, oaks, old-growth redwoods, and Douglas fir and opens onto sloping ridge tops covered with tawny native grasses and sweeping views of nothing but nature. (Sure, we're part of nature but it's rejuvenating to gaze upon a landscape without power lines or houses as far as the eye can see.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Permits are free and good for the calendar year, though you can renew without another orientation. LandPaths asks only for donations, though Hamill encourages permit holders to leave a note at the Freezeout Flat access trailhead if you see any “blowdowns” (fallen trees on the trail), evidence of sudden oak death, damaged trail signs, or anything else that seems amiss. “We want permit holders to become the eyes and ears of the park,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if you fall in love with Willow Creek, consider donating funds to help keep the park open year-round. Or donate time and energy,” she urges. “We need all the help we can get.” \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Thanks to a novel partnership between California State Parks and the Sonoma County-based nonprofit LandPaths, nearly 3,400 acres of open space filled with old-growth redwood, Douglas fir and majestic oaks in the Willow Creek watershed of the Russian River are open to visitors for the price of an hour-long orientation. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40076\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/willowcreeksnakecarousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40076\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/willowcreeksnakecarousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"willow creek snake \" title=\"willowcreeksnakecarousel\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40076\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A garter snake, native to Sonoma County, rests on a trail in the Willow Creek addition of Sonoma Coast State Park. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a steamy Saturday afternoon in June near Duncans Mills, about 35 people huddle under a stingy ring of shade at the edge of a clearing in the Freezeout Flat parking area. We’ve signed up for an orientation to secure a day use permit, our ticket to Willow Creek Park, a nearly 3,400-acre stretch of wetlands, rolling grasslands, and upland forests just a few miles beyond the mouth of the Russian River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're here for more than a day use permit. We’ve come to sign on as stewards of land that should be ours, and would be in fact, save for California’s devastating budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These orientations create an opportunity for anyone who’s interested to explore areas otherwise not open to the public,” says Meg Hamill, field programs assistant for \u003ca href=\"http://www.landpaths.org/\">LandPaths\u003c/a>, a Sonoma County nonprofit that works with California State Parks, \u003ca href=\"http://www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/\">Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods\u003c/a>, and a diverse range of individuals and organizations to maintain the park under its “community-powered” model of stewardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LandPaths relies on the dedication of local nature lovers to keep this sprawling open space, known as the Willow Creek addition, accessible to the public. Although Willow Creek is part of Sonoma Coast State Park on paper, it remains separate, and unequal. The state can’t afford to maintain the property or pay rangers to monitor wildlife and the spread of \u003ca href=\"http://cisr.ucr.edu/sudden_oak_death.html\">sudden oak death\u003c/a>, the pathogenic fungus that’s decimating California’s iconic oak trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40081\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/phytophtora_ramorum/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40081\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Phytophtora_ramorum-305x253.png\" alt=\"sudden oak death\" title=\"Phytophtora_ramorum\" width=\"305\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40081\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fungus Phytophtora ramorum causes sudden oak death, which attacks oak trees in coastal California counties from Monterey to Humboldt. Scientists think \u003cem>P. ramorum \u003c/em>settles on oak trunks from nearby bay leaves during rains, infects bark through natural openings, then kills cells by blocking water and nutrient transport vessels. (Photo: Nicholls H: Stopping the Rot. PLoS Biol 2/7/2004: e213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020213)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where the permit program comes in. Though the park would be open to everyone without restriction in a perfect world, Hamill says, the ideal of a public state park for this parcel crumbled under the reality of the state’s spiraling budget crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most other state-funded entities in California, the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/NzVjY7\">fate of the state parks \u003c/a>hinges on Gov. Jerry Brown’s struggles to solve the state’s unprecedented budget crisis. Five Sonoma state parks were originally slated for closure, though \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20120612/articles/120619889?p=1&tc=pg\">recent agreements gave three parks\u003c/a> – Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, Jack London State Historic Park and Petaluma Adobe State Historic Park-- a reprieve, at least temporarily. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willow Creek permit program started in 2005, after a public-spirited coalition of groups led by the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District and the Trust for Public Land paid Mendocino Redwood Company, a Ukiah-based logging outfit, $22 million to turn the privately held Willow Creek watershed into a public resource. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state park system agreed to a novel partnership to protect the Willow Creek area on the condition that people gained access to the land right way. The original idea was to incorporate Willow Creek into the adjacent Sonoma Coast State Park’s jurisdiction. But Sonoma Park officials knew they couldn’t manage more responsibilities at that point, so they decided to experiment with a new model, teaming with a nonprofit outfit to create this “people powered” solution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to a grant from the \u003ca href=\"http://scc.ca.gov/\">Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, LandPaths developed the permit program to get people out on the landscape, not just as hikers, bikers, and equestrians but as stewards and managers. Sign up for the hour-long permit orientation, which happens once or twice a month, depending on the availability of staff and volunteers, and you learn a bit about the history of the park, the challenges of maintaining the land on a shoestring budget, and why your time, energy, and donations are critical to its preservation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40084\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/trailinwillowcreek-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40084\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/trailinwillowcreek2-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"willow creek trail\" title=\"trailinwillowcreek\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40084\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willow Creek trails, including this old logging road, take hikers through redwood, Douglas fir, and oak forest as they climb from sea level to ridge tops at 1,300 feet with sweeping vistas of Sonoma County's expansive open spaces. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State park officials originally expected to take over management of the Willow Creek addition after four years, but that was before the global economic meltdown. Since then, permit holders can still access the land thanks almost entirely to their own generosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permit program ensures that anyone who’s motivated to attend an orientation can access the 15-mile network of trails and old logging roads anytime between sunrise and sunset. A permit buys you the code to the combination lock on the gate at the end of Freezeout Road just east of Duncans Mills and a pass for the Freezeout Flat parking area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the parking area, it’s a short walk to the so-called “Pressure Drop Trail,” a lung-busting climb (or exhilarating downhill on mountain bike) that winds through fern-covered forests with bays, oaks, old-growth redwoods, and Douglas fir and opens onto sloping ridge tops covered with tawny native grasses and sweeping views of nothing but nature. (Sure, we're part of nature but it's rejuvenating to gaze upon a landscape without power lines or houses as far as the eye can see.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Permits are free and good for the calendar year, though you can renew without another orientation. LandPaths asks only for donations, though Hamill encourages permit holders to leave a note at the Freezeout Flat access trailhead if you see any “blowdowns” (fallen trees on the trail), evidence of sudden oak death, damaged trail signs, or anything else that seems amiss. “We want permit holders to become the eyes and ears of the park,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if you fall in love with Willow Creek, consider donating funds to help keep the park open year-round. Or donate time and energy,” she urges. “We need all the help we can get.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Plan an Ocean-Friendly Staycation",
"title": "Plan an Ocean-Friendly Staycation",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg\" alt=\"Ocean Beach, photographed by Max Braun\" title=\"OceanBeach\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39590\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer is here, along with summer vacations. In the spirit of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a> last week, I decided to research vacation ideas that offer a chance to actually help out the ocean. There are plenty of eco-friendly hotels and resorts out there, and more power to them. But my goal was to seek out more personal ocean interactions that support conservation efforts either directly or at least financially. String a few of these Bay Area activities together, and you've got yourself an ocean-friendly staycation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take an hour-long \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/visiting-us/docent-led-tours.html#.T9EU8JjNnhw\">docent-led tour at the Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>. You'll learn about the dangers local marine mammals face, and how the MMC works to rehabilitate injured and sick animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit a local beach with your smartphone and document sightings of wildlife and pollution for \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectnoah.org/missions/4975015\">Project Noah's California Coastal Wildlife Watch\u003c/a> project using their free app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go whale watching with a non-profit organization that supports conservation efforts like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceanicsociety.org/farallon\">Oceanic Society\u003c/a>, which runs trips year-round. I took a trip with these guys a couple of years ago to the Farallon Islands, and it was unforgettable. Whales and white sharks proved elusive, but we saw enormous jellies, a school of rare dolphins, and hundreds of birds. In cooperation with Cascadia Research, the Oceanic Society sponsors long-term humpack whale research in the Gulf of the Farallones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend a morning cleaning up a local beach. Check \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfsurfrider.org/news/calendar.htm\">Surfrider Foundation's calendar of beach cleanup dates\u003c/a> this summer, typically organized on weekends. BYO gloves, trash grabbers, and buckets if you've got them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit an aquarium and learn about marine species from around the world. Live animals are captivating, and your tickets help support important conservation and research work. The aquarium exhibits at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/aquarium/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> cover a very wide geographical spectrum (from the Philippines to the Amazon and California Coast). The\u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/efc/kelp.aspx\"> Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/plan-a-visit/explore-the-aquarium\">Aquarium of the Bay\u003c/a> at Pier 39 are great places to dive deeper into local Northern California ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participate in one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbaymsi.org/baylines.html\">Marine Science Institute's weekend programs\u003c/a>, which include tidal explorations, canoe paddles, and a shark day this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dine at sustainable seafood restaurants in San Francisco like \u003ca href=\"http://credosf.com/\">Credo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgreenburgers.com/\">Greenburger's\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://fogharbor.com/\">Fog Harbor Fish House\u003c/a>. Here's a more complete list which covers \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/pages/detail/432\">restaurants throughout the Bay Area certified by the San Francisco Seafood Watch Alliance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Further afield\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSee the largest mainland breeding colony in the world for the northern elephant seal at Año Nuevo, just an hour south of San Francisco on Highway 1. Make sure to check online for \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">seasonal access guidelines at Año Nuevo\u003c/a>, and between mid-December and March, to reserve your guided seal walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Head to southern California for a volunteer vacation on Catalina Island. You'll gain access to parts of the Island that are rarely seen by most visitors and contribute directly to efforts to protect and restore Catalina's ecology. Options range from a-la-carte opportunities to assist at the native plant nursery or clean up local beaches, to packages which include accommodation, some meals and transportation. Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/index.php?s=join&p=for_individuals\">volunteering with the Catalina Island Conservancy here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming soon: a companion post about ocean-friendly international trips where you can contribute to conservation efforts with your own two hands.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In the spirit of World Oceans Day last week, I decided to research vacation ideas that offer a chance to actually help out the ocean. The goal was to seek out personal ocean interactions that support conservation efforts either directly or at least financially. String a few of these Bay Area activities together, and you've got yourself an ocean-friendly staycation. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg\" alt=\"Ocean Beach, photographed by Max Braun\" title=\"OceanBeach\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39590\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer is here, along with summer vacations. In the spirit of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a> last week, I decided to research vacation ideas that offer a chance to actually help out the ocean. There are plenty of eco-friendly hotels and resorts out there, and more power to them. But my goal was to seek out more personal ocean interactions that support conservation efforts either directly or at least financially. String a few of these Bay Area activities together, and you've got yourself an ocean-friendly staycation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take an hour-long \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/visiting-us/docent-led-tours.html#.T9EU8JjNnhw\">docent-led tour at the Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>. You'll learn about the dangers local marine mammals face, and how the MMC works to rehabilitate injured and sick animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit a local beach with your smartphone and document sightings of wildlife and pollution for \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectnoah.org/missions/4975015\">Project Noah's California Coastal Wildlife Watch\u003c/a> project using their free app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go whale watching with a non-profit organization that supports conservation efforts like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceanicsociety.org/farallon\">Oceanic Society\u003c/a>, which runs trips year-round. I took a trip with these guys a couple of years ago to the Farallon Islands, and it was unforgettable. Whales and white sharks proved elusive, but we saw enormous jellies, a school of rare dolphins, and hundreds of birds. In cooperation with Cascadia Research, the Oceanic Society sponsors long-term humpack whale research in the Gulf of the Farallones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend a morning cleaning up a local beach. Check \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfsurfrider.org/news/calendar.htm\">Surfrider Foundation's calendar of beach cleanup dates\u003c/a> this summer, typically organized on weekends. BYO gloves, trash grabbers, and buckets if you've got them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit an aquarium and learn about marine species from around the world. Live animals are captivating, and your tickets help support important conservation and research work. The aquarium exhibits at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/aquarium/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> cover a very wide geographical spectrum (from the Philippines to the Amazon and California Coast). The\u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/efc/kelp.aspx\"> Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/plan-a-visit/explore-the-aquarium\">Aquarium of the Bay\u003c/a> at Pier 39 are great places to dive deeper into local Northern California ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participate in one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbaymsi.org/baylines.html\">Marine Science Institute's weekend programs\u003c/a>, which include tidal explorations, canoe paddles, and a shark day this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dine at sustainable seafood restaurants in San Francisco like \u003ca href=\"http://credosf.com/\">Credo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgreenburgers.com/\">Greenburger's\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://fogharbor.com/\">Fog Harbor Fish House\u003c/a>. Here's a more complete list which covers \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/pages/detail/432\">restaurants throughout the Bay Area certified by the San Francisco Seafood Watch Alliance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Further afield\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSee the largest mainland breeding colony in the world for the northern elephant seal at Año Nuevo, just an hour south of San Francisco on Highway 1. Make sure to check online for \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">seasonal access guidelines at Año Nuevo\u003c/a>, and between mid-December and March, to reserve your guided seal walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Head to southern California for a volunteer vacation on Catalina Island. You'll gain access to parts of the Island that are rarely seen by most visitors and contribute directly to efforts to protect and restore Catalina's ecology. Options range from a-la-carte opportunities to assist at the native plant nursery or clean up local beaches, to packages which include accommodation, some meals and transportation. Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/index.php?s=join&p=for_individuals\">volunteering with the Catalina Island Conservancy here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming soon: a companion post about ocean-friendly international trips where you can contribute to conservation efforts with your own two hands.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Farmworkers Pay a Heavy Price for California's Bounty ",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39377\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/13/farmworkers-pay-a-heavy-price-for-californias-bounty/chandler_strawberries_carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39377\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39377\" title=\"Chandler strawberries \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Chandler_strawberries_carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"strawberries\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Next time you enjoy a bowl of fresh juicy strawberries, consider this: chances are, the farmworker who picked them for about $7.50 an hour comes home to toxic tap water tainted with chemicals used to grow them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I first came to California many years ago, it took me a long time to get used to the idea that I could buy fresh strawberries in the middle of winter. For this Pennsylvania girl, fresh strawberries meant late spring, time to hit the local farm stands with my mom, looking for the plumpest specimens for her light-as-air shortcake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well into adulthood, in fact, the taste of strawberries has--until recently--evoked that exhilarating moment when school let out, freedom beckoned, life seemed filled with possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, California has distinct growing seasons, too, but the mostly mild climate of the state’s agricultural regions allows farmers to harvest strawberries and corn in December; some crops, like oranges, broccoli, and avocados are grown year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's ability to raise fruits and vegetables all year helps feed the nation, and the state's nearly $40 billion agricultural industry has dominated America’s agricultural production for decades. To maintain this productivity, farmers use nitrogen fertilizers and waste manure from cows. Plants need nitrogen to grow, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.swhydro.arizona.edu/archive/V8_N4/feature2.pdf\">crops typically take up less than half\u003c/a> of all the nitrogen applied. The rest is released into the air, runs off into streams, or slowly percolates through the soil into the groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once in groundwater, nitrogen turns into compounds called nitrates. Studies link nitrates to thyroid dysfunction, various cancers, and miscarriage, though the evidence is inconclusive. But there’s little disagreement that nitrates pose a serious risk to infants, who can develop a potentially deadly disorder called “blue baby syndrome,” which starves tissues of oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nitrates turn toxic when bacteria in the gut and saliva turn them into nitrites. And because babies have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050177\">different community of microbes\u003c/a> in their guts than adults, including more nitrite-producing bacteria, they are far more vulnerable to nitrate exposures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials have long known that nitrates are one of the most widespread contaminants in the state’s groundwater. About 16 million people in California get their drinking water from groundwater sources. That’s why, in 2008, the Legislature required the state Water Resources Control Board to report on the causes of contamination and identify potential solutions. The water board contracted experts at UC Davis, who released their \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201203130850/a\">widely covered report\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://groundwaternitrate.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis researchers\u003c/a> looked at nitrate contamination in two of the prime agricultural regions in California, the Tulare Lake Basin and the Salinas Valley, where about 2.6 million people rely on groundwater. They found that agriculture accounts for 96% of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. More than a quarter of a million people in these regions may have nitrates in their drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39392\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/13/farmworkers-pay-a-heavy-price-for-californias-bounty/faucet/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39392\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39392\" title=\"Faucet\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Faucet-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"Faucet\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 250,000 people living in the Tulare Lake Basin and Salinas Valley can't drink their tap water because it's contaminated with nitrates. Most are low-income and Latino. (Photo: Benutzer:Alex Anlicker/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the poorest people in the state live in these agricultural areas. And many of those coping with tainted drinking water work in the fields that leach the nitrates, picking our produce, our strawberries, oranges and lemons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, I went to Tulare County for a \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-people-of-color-series-summary\">story for Environmental Health News\u003c/a> to speak with residents who've been struggling with nitrate contamination for years. Their taps dispense toxic water they can’t drink but they still have to pay for their monthly water bill. And then they have to buy bottled water from the grocery store or fill up five-gallon jugs from a water vending machine—something I’d wager most San Franciscans have never seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-and-people-of-color-nitrate-day-4\">One woman I spoke to\u003c/a>, a single mother of four named Bertha Dias, makes $7.50 an hour picking fruit. She pays nearly five times as much to have safe drinking water in her house than the average San Franciscan pays to drink water so pristine \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/03/26/MN279761.DTL\">Willie Brown famously bottled it\u003c/a> as Hetch Hetchy Mountain Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nitrate contamination problem has been covered before, including an \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/nitrate-contamination-spreading-california-communities\">in-depth investigation by California Watch\u003c/a> in 2010. Yet the problem hasn't gone away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-income people seeking safe drinking water throughout Tulare County are working with the Visalia-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\">Community Water Center\u003c/a> to find their own solutions. Potential solutions run from digging a new well to hooking up to a larger water system to installing filtration systems under the sink. But many measures are temporary fixes, until the state figures out how to deal with the problem over the long term--which the UC Davis study concluded would cost about $36 million a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, strawberries brought in more than three-quarters of a billion dollars for Salinas Valley farmers, resulting from a 10-year increase in consumer demand, Carolyn O'Donnell, communications director for the California Strawberry Commission, told a reporter for \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/article/20100623/BUSINESS/6230307/Strawberries-top-lettuce-Monterey-County-s-No-1-crop\">TheCalifornian.com\u003c/a>. She attributed the increased demand to better-tasting varieties that hold up better under shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Bay Area consumers can see Salinas Valley strawberries at their local grocery stores nearly anytime except winter, when shipments from Southern California pick up the slack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now when I think of strawberries, the romance is gone. I can't help but think of Bertha Dias and the other farmworkers like her, who spend long, hot days picking our fruit and vegetables out in the fields, only to come home to water they can't drink. They deserve better.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California farmworkers work long days for about $7.50 an hour to pick fruit in orchards doused with nitrogen fertilizers. A UC Davis study released in March found that nitrates from fertilizers and dairy waste have contaminated groundwater supplies. Because farmworkers live near the fields they work in, they're at high risk for nitrate-contaminated drinking water.",
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"description": "California farmworkers work long days for about $7.50 an hour to pick fruit in orchards doused with nitrogen fertilizers. A UC Davis study released in March found that nitrates from fertilizers and dairy waste have contaminated groundwater supplies. Because farmworkers live near the fields they work in, they're at high risk for nitrate-contaminated drinking water.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39377\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/13/farmworkers-pay-a-heavy-price-for-californias-bounty/chandler_strawberries_carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39377\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39377\" title=\"Chandler strawberries \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Chandler_strawberries_carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"strawberries\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Next time you enjoy a bowl of fresh juicy strawberries, consider this: chances are, the farmworker who picked them for about $7.50 an hour comes home to toxic tap water tainted with chemicals used to grow them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I first came to California many years ago, it took me a long time to get used to the idea that I could buy fresh strawberries in the middle of winter. For this Pennsylvania girl, fresh strawberries meant late spring, time to hit the local farm stands with my mom, looking for the plumpest specimens for her light-as-air shortcake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well into adulthood, in fact, the taste of strawberries has--until recently--evoked that exhilarating moment when school let out, freedom beckoned, life seemed filled with possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, California has distinct growing seasons, too, but the mostly mild climate of the state’s agricultural regions allows farmers to harvest strawberries and corn in December; some crops, like oranges, broccoli, and avocados are grown year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's ability to raise fruits and vegetables all year helps feed the nation, and the state's nearly $40 billion agricultural industry has dominated America’s agricultural production for decades. To maintain this productivity, farmers use nitrogen fertilizers and waste manure from cows. Plants need nitrogen to grow, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.swhydro.arizona.edu/archive/V8_N4/feature2.pdf\">crops typically take up less than half\u003c/a> of all the nitrogen applied. The rest is released into the air, runs off into streams, or slowly percolates through the soil into the groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once in groundwater, nitrogen turns into compounds called nitrates. Studies link nitrates to thyroid dysfunction, various cancers, and miscarriage, though the evidence is inconclusive. But there’s little disagreement that nitrates pose a serious risk to infants, who can develop a potentially deadly disorder called “blue baby syndrome,” which starves tissues of oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nitrates turn toxic when bacteria in the gut and saliva turn them into nitrites. And because babies have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050177\">different community of microbes\u003c/a> in their guts than adults, including more nitrite-producing bacteria, they are far more vulnerable to nitrate exposures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials have long known that nitrates are one of the most widespread contaminants in the state’s groundwater. About 16 million people in California get their drinking water from groundwater sources. That’s why, in 2008, the Legislature required the state Water Resources Control Board to report on the causes of contamination and identify potential solutions. The water board contracted experts at UC Davis, who released their \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201203130850/a\">widely covered report\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://groundwaternitrate.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis researchers\u003c/a> looked at nitrate contamination in two of the prime agricultural regions in California, the Tulare Lake Basin and the Salinas Valley, where about 2.6 million people rely on groundwater. They found that agriculture accounts for 96% of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. More than a quarter of a million people in these regions may have nitrates in their drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39392\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/13/farmworkers-pay-a-heavy-price-for-californias-bounty/faucet/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39392\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39392\" title=\"Faucet\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Faucet-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"Faucet\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 250,000 people living in the Tulare Lake Basin and Salinas Valley can't drink their tap water because it's contaminated with nitrates. Most are low-income and Latino. (Photo: Benutzer:Alex Anlicker/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the poorest people in the state live in these agricultural areas. And many of those coping with tainted drinking water work in the fields that leach the nitrates, picking our produce, our strawberries, oranges and lemons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, I went to Tulare County for a \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-people-of-color-series-summary\">story for Environmental Health News\u003c/a> to speak with residents who've been struggling with nitrate contamination for years. Their taps dispense toxic water they can’t drink but they still have to pay for their monthly water bill. And then they have to buy bottled water from the grocery store or fill up five-gallon jugs from a water vending machine—something I’d wager most San Franciscans have never seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-and-people-of-color-nitrate-day-4\">One woman I spoke to\u003c/a>, a single mother of four named Bertha Dias, makes $7.50 an hour picking fruit. She pays nearly five times as much to have safe drinking water in her house than the average San Franciscan pays to drink water so pristine \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/03/26/MN279761.DTL\">Willie Brown famously bottled it\u003c/a> as Hetch Hetchy Mountain Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nitrate contamination problem has been covered before, including an \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/nitrate-contamination-spreading-california-communities\">in-depth investigation by California Watch\u003c/a> in 2010. Yet the problem hasn't gone away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-income people seeking safe drinking water throughout Tulare County are working with the Visalia-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\">Community Water Center\u003c/a> to find their own solutions. Potential solutions run from digging a new well to hooking up to a larger water system to installing filtration systems under the sink. But many measures are temporary fixes, until the state figures out how to deal with the problem over the long term--which the UC Davis study concluded would cost about $36 million a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, strawberries brought in more than three-quarters of a billion dollars for Salinas Valley farmers, resulting from a 10-year increase in consumer demand, Carolyn O'Donnell, communications director for the California Strawberry Commission, told a reporter for \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/article/20100623/BUSINESS/6230307/Strawberries-top-lettuce-Monterey-County-s-No-1-crop\">TheCalifornian.com\u003c/a>. She attributed the increased demand to better-tasting varieties that hold up better under shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Bay Area consumers can see Salinas Valley strawberries at their local grocery stores nearly anytime except winter, when shipments from Southern California pick up the slack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now when I think of strawberries, the romance is gone. I can't help but think of Bertha Dias and the other farmworkers like her, who spend long, hot days picking our fruit and vegetables out in the fields, only to come home to water they can't drink. They deserve better.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Celebrate World Oceans Day Today",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/worldoceansday12/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39167\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39167\" title=\"WorldOceansDay12\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/WorldOceansDay12-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Oceans Day poster\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s your connection to our salty sea? We swim and surf its waves, live alongside its shores, gather fish, harness energy and harvest medicines from the ocean. Stretching back in time, the seas have created a habitable planet, sustained an amazing diversity of life, inspired us with their vast resources and fed us. It’s time to celebrate our briny deep and consider how we impact it and steps we can take to preserve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World Oceans Day is fairly new. It was celebrated for the first time on June 8\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, 2009 as designated by the \u003ca title=\"United Nations World Oceans Day\" href=\"http://www.un.org/en/events/oceansday/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations General Assembly\u003c/a>. It’s gaining traction as a world-wide celebration, and it’s kind of exciting -- like being in on the first Earth Day celebrations. World Oceans Day has the potential to draw worldwide attention to the oceans importance to our planet and how we can better care for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"World Oceans Day is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of oceans to humankind’s sustainable development. It is also a time to recognize the many severe challenges related to oceans.\"\u003c/strong> -- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on World Oceans Day, June 8, 2011\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s time we take a new look at what was once considered an unknowable place. The \u003ca href=\"http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/2010/gallery/global-water-volume.html\">United States Geologic Survey\u003c/a> (USGS) has produced a visually-powerful new graphic that shows how much water is on Earth -- which seems relatively small compared to the size of the planet. The large sphere of water represents Earth's total water volume, and according to USGS, \"includes all the water in the oceans, ice caps, lakes, and rivers, as well as groundwater, atmospheric water, and even the water in you, your dog, and your tomato plant.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second smaller sphere to the right represents \"liquid fresh water (groundwater, lakes, swamp water, and rivers).\" The tiny speck of water over Atlanta, Georgia represents \"fresh water in all the lakes and rivers on the planet, and most of the water people and life of earth need every day comes from these surface-water sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global water volume model by USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Global Water Volume \" width=\"640\" height=\"614\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39168\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-400x384.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s stunning to visualize our international, boundless seas contained in a sphere 35 miles high over the middle of our country. If the sphere were to “pop” and spread across the contiguous United States, each state would be covered in water 107 miles deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So take some time to find out your connections to the \u003ca href=\"http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/parks-and-nature-places/oceans/oceans-overview/\">oceans of the world\u003c/a>. From the \u003ca title=\"Surf Your Watershed interactive website, US EPA\" href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">watershed\u003c/a> you live in, to the \u003ca title=\"Seafood Watch Sustainable Seafood Choices, Monterey Bay Aquarium\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_whatsnew.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">fish on your dinner plate\u003c/a>, medicine in your cabinet and the very air you breathe, the ocean is part of our every day lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can celebrate our own inland sea, San Francisco Bay, this Saturday, June 9th with the annual \u003ca title=\"Sandcastle Contest website, City of Alameda, CA\" href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/Recreation/Sand-Castle\" target=\"_blank\">Sandcastle and Sculpture Contest\u003c/a> in Alameda. Or go to the \u003ca title=\"World Oceans Day official website\" href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">World Oceans Day website\u003c/a> to find out about other activities scheduled in our area. You can also find out how to help spread the word about this new day that commemorates the effort of creating a better ocean and world for the next generation. And be sure to get out for a walk on the beach and get some sand between your toes and the rumble of waves crashing in your ears. It’ll do you good!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Celebrate World Ocean Day today, a special day dedicated to the other 71% of our planet. Also, get a new view of our worldwide water resources with a volume model developed by the USGS. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/worldoceansday12/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39167\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39167\" title=\"WorldOceansDay12\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/WorldOceansDay12-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Oceans Day poster\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s your connection to our salty sea? We swim and surf its waves, live alongside its shores, gather fish, harness energy and harvest medicines from the ocean. Stretching back in time, the seas have created a habitable planet, sustained an amazing diversity of life, inspired us with their vast resources and fed us. It’s time to celebrate our briny deep and consider how we impact it and steps we can take to preserve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World Oceans Day is fairly new. It was celebrated for the first time on June 8\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, 2009 as designated by the \u003ca title=\"United Nations World Oceans Day\" href=\"http://www.un.org/en/events/oceansday/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations General Assembly\u003c/a>. It’s gaining traction as a world-wide celebration, and it’s kind of exciting -- like being in on the first Earth Day celebrations. World Oceans Day has the potential to draw worldwide attention to the oceans importance to our planet and how we can better care for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"World Oceans Day is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of oceans to humankind’s sustainable development. It is also a time to recognize the many severe challenges related to oceans.\"\u003c/strong> -- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on World Oceans Day, June 8, 2011\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s time we take a new look at what was once considered an unknowable place. The \u003ca href=\"http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/2010/gallery/global-water-volume.html\">United States Geologic Survey\u003c/a> (USGS) has produced a visually-powerful new graphic that shows how much water is on Earth -- which seems relatively small compared to the size of the planet. The large sphere of water represents Earth's total water volume, and according to USGS, \"includes all the water in the oceans, ice caps, lakes, and rivers, as well as groundwater, atmospheric water, and even the water in you, your dog, and your tomato plant.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second smaller sphere to the right represents \"liquid fresh water (groundwater, lakes, swamp water, and rivers).\" The tiny speck of water over Atlanta, Georgia represents \"fresh water in all the lakes and rivers on the planet, and most of the water people and life of earth need every day comes from these surface-water sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global water volume model by USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Global Water Volume \" width=\"640\" height=\"614\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39168\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-400x384.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s stunning to visualize our international, boundless seas contained in a sphere 35 miles high over the middle of our country. If the sphere were to “pop” and spread across the contiguous United States, each state would be covered in water 107 miles deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So take some time to find out your connections to the \u003ca href=\"http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/parks-and-nature-places/oceans/oceans-overview/\">oceans of the world\u003c/a>. From the \u003ca title=\"Surf Your Watershed interactive website, US EPA\" href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">watershed\u003c/a> you live in, to the \u003ca title=\"Seafood Watch Sustainable Seafood Choices, Monterey Bay Aquarium\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_whatsnew.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">fish on your dinner plate\u003c/a>, medicine in your cabinet and the very air you breathe, the ocean is part of our every day lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can celebrate our own inland sea, San Francisco Bay, this Saturday, June 9th with the annual \u003ca title=\"Sandcastle Contest website, City of Alameda, CA\" href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/Recreation/Sand-Castle\" target=\"_blank\">Sandcastle and Sculpture Contest\u003c/a> in Alameda. Or go to the \u003ca title=\"World Oceans Day official website\" href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">World Oceans Day website\u003c/a> to find out about other activities scheduled in our area. You can also find out how to help spread the word about this new day that commemorates the effort of creating a better ocean and world for the next generation. And be sure to get out for a walk on the beach and get some sand between your toes and the rumble of waves crashing in your ears. It’ll do you good!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions",
"title": "The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38857\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"senator john dunlap\" title=\"dunlap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) championed wildlife conservation with the first legislation in the U.S. to protect mountain lions from hunting. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forty-two years ago, California’s mountain lions got a break from an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowell Dunn, the president of Vallejo’s Rod and Gun Club, wrote Assemblyman John Dunlap that he thought the time had come to stop shooting mountain lions. The hunter’s plea sparked the beginning of the end of state-sanctioned persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some 30 years of hunting deer, Dunn had seen a lion just twice. He wanted the chance to see another one, he told Dunlap, but worried the species might perish before he had the chance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hoped that somehow there’d be a way to continue the existence of the lion,\" recalls Dunlap. The 89-year-old Napa resident left the political stage more than three decades ago, but admits to enjoying a good political fight in his day, especially for a good cause. The hunter couldn’t have chosen a better legislative target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap, who started an eight-year run in the Assembly in 1966 and then served four years in the Senate, had always believed in preserving wildlife, he says. He readily embraced the lion's cause. “I recognized that we were invading their habitat, that there was a conflict, and that we needed a more thoughtful approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described “strong Democrat” and Sierra Club member, Dunlap won the big cat its first reprieve from hunters’ crosshairs with a moratorium on sport hunting, signed by then Gov. Ronald Reagan in 1971. The moratorium went into effect when the scheduled lion hunting season ended in February 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap met stiff opposition from livestock ranchers when he first introduced his bill, in 1970. But the next year he encountered less resistance, which he credits to a burgeoning ecological awareness and support from his district. He recalls that Starr Baldwin, famed editor of the St. Helena Star, told grape-growers at a local meeting they should welcome lions because they feed on deer and raccoons, no friends to grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Dunlap sought the support of the state Fish and Game Commission but quickly realized he’d better look elsewhere: “They were pretty much hunter dominated.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38866\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-with-lions/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-with-lions-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"john dunlap with lions\" title=\"dunlap with lions\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38866\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman John Dunlap made headlines after posing with his lion ambassadors, Huntley and Brinkley, at a Capitol press conference announcing his lion hunting moratorium bill in 1971. Lion handler John Harris keeps a watchful eye on his charges. (Photo courtesy of UPI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dunlap turned to wildlife preservation and conservation groups instead, but credits the lions themselves with ensuring the bill’s passage. His legislative assistant, Mike Gage, met two tame mountain lions at a meeting to build public support for the measure. “He got the idea that if we introduced the bill and had a press conference with the lions, that would be a great sendoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was grandstanding, but recognized that it did have value,” he adds. “And I had enough ego that I liked to show off, so we did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap took questions at his Capitol press conference flanked by two rather imposing lions. He admits the cats made him nervous, though they were leashed, with their handler a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap and his lions made the front page of nearly 20 daily California papers, plus the London Daily Mail, “for whatever that was worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, California enacted the first measure in the country to protect lions. It remains the only state to outlaw trophy hunting of lions, after residents voted twice to uphold the ban. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap has no illusions that trophy hunters will ever accept the notion that lions should be protected. Even so, he has little patience for Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards, who recently won notoriety by traveling to another state \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_19991115\">to kill a mountain lion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards bagged his trophy in Idaho, where such kills are legal and so, his defenders insist, no big deal. Had he killed a lion in California, he could have been fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to a year in jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap is not among his defenders. \"I certainly sympathize with trying to do something to point with shame,” he says. “I can’t say he doesn’t have a right to do it, but I don’t think it’s very good judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Richards’ days as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/internal-affairs/ci_20720732/internal-affairs-fish-and-game-honcho-still-has\">commission president could be numbered.\u003c/a> Last Wednesday, commissioners voted 4 to 1 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/regulations/2012/660ntc.pdf\">elect officers rather than allow succession\u003c/a> of the senior member. Richards cast the dissenting vote.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he never had the inclination to hunt, adding with a sly smile, “I was born without any wisdom teeth, which maybe shows I haven’t developed the hunter quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suppose killing animals is the way we used to survive to protect ourselves and get food,” he muses. “Now it’s a sport, and I would hope as time goes on we would find other things to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he wanted to protect the mountain lion not just to preserve a single species but to send a wake-up call to governments to protect the environment before it’s too late. “My idea was, when in doubt, preserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecosystems are complicated, he says. “If we screwed up the wrong ones at the wrong time it could end up threatening our own way of life and happiness, let alone existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dunlap pitched his mountain lion bill on the Assembly floor in 1970, he pointed out that in the early 1900s just two passenger pigeons remained in the world. “They were both male,” he says. “We woke up too late on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More than 40 years ago, Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) made conservation history when his mountain lion hunting moratorium passed the California Legislature and became law in 1971. He recalls the fight to pass the bill and his guiding principle, \"when in doubt, preserve.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38857\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"senator john dunlap\" title=\"dunlap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) championed wildlife conservation with the first legislation in the U.S. to protect mountain lions from hunting. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forty-two years ago, California’s mountain lions got a break from an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowell Dunn, the president of Vallejo’s Rod and Gun Club, wrote Assemblyman John Dunlap that he thought the time had come to stop shooting mountain lions. The hunter’s plea sparked the beginning of the end of state-sanctioned persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some 30 years of hunting deer, Dunn had seen a lion just twice. He wanted the chance to see another one, he told Dunlap, but worried the species might perish before he had the chance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hoped that somehow there’d be a way to continue the existence of the lion,\" recalls Dunlap. The 89-year-old Napa resident left the political stage more than three decades ago, but admits to enjoying a good political fight in his day, especially for a good cause. The hunter couldn’t have chosen a better legislative target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap, who started an eight-year run in the Assembly in 1966 and then served four years in the Senate, had always believed in preserving wildlife, he says. He readily embraced the lion's cause. “I recognized that we were invading their habitat, that there was a conflict, and that we needed a more thoughtful approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described “strong Democrat” and Sierra Club member, Dunlap won the big cat its first reprieve from hunters’ crosshairs with a moratorium on sport hunting, signed by then Gov. Ronald Reagan in 1971. The moratorium went into effect when the scheduled lion hunting season ended in February 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap met stiff opposition from livestock ranchers when he first introduced his bill, in 1970. But the next year he encountered less resistance, which he credits to a burgeoning ecological awareness and support from his district. He recalls that Starr Baldwin, famed editor of the St. Helena Star, told grape-growers at a local meeting they should welcome lions because they feed on deer and raccoons, no friends to grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Dunlap sought the support of the state Fish and Game Commission but quickly realized he’d better look elsewhere: “They were pretty much hunter dominated.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38866\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-with-lions/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-with-lions-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"john dunlap with lions\" title=\"dunlap with lions\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38866\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman John Dunlap made headlines after posing with his lion ambassadors, Huntley and Brinkley, at a Capitol press conference announcing his lion hunting moratorium bill in 1971. Lion handler John Harris keeps a watchful eye on his charges. (Photo courtesy of UPI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dunlap turned to wildlife preservation and conservation groups instead, but credits the lions themselves with ensuring the bill’s passage. His legislative assistant, Mike Gage, met two tame mountain lions at a meeting to build public support for the measure. “He got the idea that if we introduced the bill and had a press conference with the lions, that would be a great sendoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was grandstanding, but recognized that it did have value,” he adds. “And I had enough ego that I liked to show off, so we did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap took questions at his Capitol press conference flanked by two rather imposing lions. He admits the cats made him nervous, though they were leashed, with their handler a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap and his lions made the front page of nearly 20 daily California papers, plus the London Daily Mail, “for whatever that was worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, California enacted the first measure in the country to protect lions. It remains the only state to outlaw trophy hunting of lions, after residents voted twice to uphold the ban. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap has no illusions that trophy hunters will ever accept the notion that lions should be protected. Even so, he has little patience for Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards, who recently won notoriety by traveling to another state \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_19991115\">to kill a mountain lion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards bagged his trophy in Idaho, where such kills are legal and so, his defenders insist, no big deal. Had he killed a lion in California, he could have been fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to a year in jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap is not among his defenders. \"I certainly sympathize with trying to do something to point with shame,” he says. “I can’t say he doesn’t have a right to do it, but I don’t think it’s very good judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Richards’ days as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/internal-affairs/ci_20720732/internal-affairs-fish-and-game-honcho-still-has\">commission president could be numbered.\u003c/a> Last Wednesday, commissioners voted 4 to 1 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/regulations/2012/660ntc.pdf\">elect officers rather than allow succession\u003c/a> of the senior member. Richards cast the dissenting vote.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he never had the inclination to hunt, adding with a sly smile, “I was born without any wisdom teeth, which maybe shows I haven’t developed the hunter quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suppose killing animals is the way we used to survive to protect ourselves and get food,” he muses. “Now it’s a sport, and I would hope as time goes on we would find other things to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he wanted to protect the mountain lion not just to preserve a single species but to send a wake-up call to governments to protect the environment before it’s too late. “My idea was, when in doubt, preserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecosystems are complicated, he says. “If we screwed up the wrong ones at the wrong time it could end up threatening our own way of life and happiness, let alone existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dunlap pitched his mountain lion bill on the Assembly floor in 1970, he pointed out that in the early 1900s just two passenger pigeons remained in the world. “They were both male,” he says. “We woke up too late on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-28-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27273\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27273\" title=\"windowstestfac\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The window testing facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (Photo: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Windows may not be as sexy as solar panels or electric cars, but they play a major role in energy efficiency. Buildings are responsible for 40% of the country’s energy use, which is why researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://btech.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> are trying to improve windows by making them smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Berkeley Lab engineer Howdy Goudey demonstrates in his lab, studying windows involves some pretty complex physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we use an infrared camera to study heat transfer in windows,” he says, pointing to a normal-looking video camera that senses heat instead of visible light. Goudey uses the camera to study how windows lose energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, windows simply aren’t good insulators. They leak heat in the winter when we want a warm house and they let heat in during the summer. Many homes still have single-pane windows, which were the name of the game in the 1940s and 50s when California was booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when energy prices sky-rocketed in the 1970s. Double-pane windows became common. And then came double-pane windows with invisible coatings, which are twice as efficient. Today, they make up more than half of windows sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Low-e Windows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goudey demonstrates how they work by turning on two heat lamps. “You’ve seen them in a diner keeping food warm,\" he says, putting them behind two identical-looking double-pane windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stand in front of one window, which feels like standing in the sun. “But if you hold your hand to other one, compared to this one, it’s very dramatic,” Goudey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27278\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27278\" title=\"clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl--18C-21C\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An infrared image of two windows during winter conditions, as seen from the inside of a room. The window on the right has a low-e coating while the window on the left doesn't. Warmer temperatures mean a better insulating window. (Image: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second window is cooler because it has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/lowe.cfm\">low-emissivity coating\u003c/a>, or low-e, as its known. It’s an invisible layer of metal on the glass that acts as an insulator. And it does one more thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When sunlight shines directly through a window, it provides both light and heat. Most of us want light coming in, but heat is the last thing we want on a hot summer day. So, the coating on the window blocks the heat from the sun (in the form of infrared light), while letting in the visible light. This is known as solar gain. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Check out this guide\u003c/a> for more on what to look for when buying windows.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a few windows in a room with direct sun on them, its equivalent to running a little space heater. So it’s significant energy,” says Goudey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, on a cold winter day, the extra heat from sun would be helpful. “You’d actually like that solar energy to come in and help heat the space,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why researchers are working to develop a “smart” or dynamic window that can change based on the weather or temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Nanotechnology to Make Windows Smarter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"http://foundry.lbl.gov/\">Molecular Foundry\u003c/a>, Delia Milliron grows tiny nanocrystals that will eventually become a window coating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nanocrystals are very small,” says Milliron. “Way smaller than you can see with your eyes. And so that’s why when we spread them out in a coating on the window, you don’t see anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milliron’s coating is dynamic. In one setting, it lets in both the light and heat from the sun. But, apply an electric charge of a couple volts and the window blocks the heat from the sun, while still letting light in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these windows would be controlled by your heating and cooling system, which could adjust them based on the weather. Milliron and her team are currently working on the coating itself. Their next step is to build a full-scale prototype. Other companies also have similar kinds of dynamic windows in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Windows as Energy Suppliers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This changes the conversation about windows, says Stephen Selkowitz, head of building technologies at Berkeley Lab. Before, windows were energy losers. Now, windows could actually make buildings more efficient. And that means big cost savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we add up all the energy and economic impact of windows in the US, it costs building owners about $40 billion a year. And I’d rather have the $40 billion in my pocket than sort of sending it out the window,” says Selkowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart windows could start appearing in larger projects like office buildings next year and should be more widely available to homeowners in three to five years. But they could be twice as expensive as today's windows. Selkowitz expects the cost coming down as manufacturing ramps up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest expense in replacing windows is often the labor of replacing the window. And if you already decided to put a new window in, the marginal cost of going to a much better window is almost always worth it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, while it may be only a few tech-geeks that spring for smart windows at first, Selkowitz says that leads the way for the rest of us – and for new buildings codes, where technology can have a much broader impact.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-28-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27273\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27273\" title=\"windowstestfac\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The window testing facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (Photo: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Windows may not be as sexy as solar panels or electric cars, but they play a major role in energy efficiency. Buildings are responsible for 40% of the country’s energy use, which is why researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://btech.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> are trying to improve windows by making them smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Berkeley Lab engineer Howdy Goudey demonstrates in his lab, studying windows involves some pretty complex physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we use an infrared camera to study heat transfer in windows,” he says, pointing to a normal-looking video camera that senses heat instead of visible light. Goudey uses the camera to study how windows lose energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, windows simply aren’t good insulators. They leak heat in the winter when we want a warm house and they let heat in during the summer. Many homes still have single-pane windows, which were the name of the game in the 1940s and 50s when California was booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when energy prices sky-rocketed in the 1970s. Double-pane windows became common. And then came double-pane windows with invisible coatings, which are twice as efficient. Today, they make up more than half of windows sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Low-e Windows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goudey demonstrates how they work by turning on two heat lamps. “You’ve seen them in a diner keeping food warm,\" he says, putting them behind two identical-looking double-pane windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stand in front of one window, which feels like standing in the sun. “But if you hold your hand to other one, compared to this one, it’s very dramatic,” Goudey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27278\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27278\" title=\"clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl--18C-21C\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An infrared image of two windows during winter conditions, as seen from the inside of a room. The window on the right has a low-e coating while the window on the left doesn't. Warmer temperatures mean a better insulating window. (Image: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second window is cooler because it has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/lowe.cfm\">low-emissivity coating\u003c/a>, or low-e, as its known. It’s an invisible layer of metal on the glass that acts as an insulator. And it does one more thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When sunlight shines directly through a window, it provides both light and heat. Most of us want light coming in, but heat is the last thing we want on a hot summer day. So, the coating on the window blocks the heat from the sun (in the form of infrared light), while letting in the visible light. This is known as solar gain. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Check out this guide\u003c/a> for more on what to look for when buying windows.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a few windows in a room with direct sun on them, its equivalent to running a little space heater. So it’s significant energy,” says Goudey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, on a cold winter day, the extra heat from sun would be helpful. “You’d actually like that solar energy to come in and help heat the space,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why researchers are working to develop a “smart” or dynamic window that can change based on the weather or temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Nanotechnology to Make Windows Smarter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"http://foundry.lbl.gov/\">Molecular Foundry\u003c/a>, Delia Milliron grows tiny nanocrystals that will eventually become a window coating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nanocrystals are very small,” says Milliron. “Way smaller than you can see with your eyes. And so that’s why when we spread them out in a coating on the window, you don’t see anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milliron’s coating is dynamic. In one setting, it lets in both the light and heat from the sun. But, apply an electric charge of a couple volts and the window blocks the heat from the sun, while still letting light in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these windows would be controlled by your heating and cooling system, which could adjust them based on the weather. Milliron and her team are currently working on the coating itself. Their next step is to build a full-scale prototype. Other companies also have similar kinds of dynamic windows in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Windows as Energy Suppliers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This changes the conversation about windows, says Stephen Selkowitz, head of building technologies at Berkeley Lab. Before, windows were energy losers. Now, windows could actually make buildings more efficient. And that means big cost savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we add up all the energy and economic impact of windows in the US, it costs building owners about $40 billion a year. And I’d rather have the $40 billion in my pocket than sort of sending it out the window,” says Selkowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart windows could start appearing in larger projects like office buildings next year and should be more widely available to homeowners in three to five years. But they could be twice as expensive as today's windows. Selkowitz expects the cost coming down as manufacturing ramps up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest expense in replacing windows is often the labor of replacing the window. And if you already decided to put a new window in, the marginal cost of going to a much better window is almost always worth it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, while it may be only a few tech-geeks that spring for smart windows at first, Selkowitz says that leads the way for the rest of us – and for new buildings codes, where technology can have a much broader impact.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Is Carbon Farming the Future?",
"title": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Is Carbon Farming the Future?",
"headTitle": "California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-21-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the third story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38425\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Farming-marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Farming-marquee-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Farming-marquee\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tules on Twitchell Island in the Delta. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With thousands of acres of rich farmland, the Delta has a long agricultural legacy. But farming there can be a risky business. Dozens of farms have been flooded over the past half century as aging levees have collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That became a reality for farmer Rudy Mussi on the morning of June 3, 2004. It was clear, sunny day. \"You never expect a flood in the summer months,\" says Mussi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mussi was growing corn and asparagus on lower Jones Tract, an island in the Delta, 10 miles west of Stockton. That morning, he got a phone call. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/06/04/MNG1G70S3A1.DTL&ao=all\">Water was flooding\u003c/a> onto his farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your heart stops for a second or two and then realism sets in. And you just start moving your equipment and get it to high ground,\" says Mussi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did a flood happen a on a sunny day? It's because of a basic rule of physics. Mussi farmed on an island below sea level, like a lot of the islands in the Delta. The Delta used to be a huge swath of wetlands, where two major rivers met San Francisco Bay. Today, earthen levees hold that water back – most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once a break occurs, you know, there's no way you're gonna stop that, not with 10 feet of water on the other side,\" Mussi says. Draining the island and repairing the levees around Jones Tract cost about $90 million. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38449\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 232px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingLevee.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingLevee-232x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarmingLevee\" width=\"232\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The levee break on Jones Tract in 2004. (Photo: CA Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn't an isolated incident. Over the last century, more than 150 levees have failed in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Delta Infrastructure at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is how we get ourselves in kind of an arms race between the water and the land,\" says Jeff Mount, professor with the Center for Watershed Sciences at the University of California-Davis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levee-building began in the 1850s, when settlers came to the Delta for the rich soil. More than a thousand miles of levees were built. \"This network of levees through time had to get bigger and bigger for a very basic reason: the land has been steadily lowering,\" says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As farmers exposed the rich peat soil, it started decomposing. The land level dropped; \"In some places they talked about four inches per year,\" says Mount. Today, it's less than an inch per year thanks to better farming practices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add up all those inches over the past century and some islands are now 30 feet below sea level. That puts a lot of stress on the levees. There are also other concerns: rising sea levels and extreme floods. \"And then the big 800-pound gorilla in the room – we're due for a very large earthquake on the San Andreas system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add up all these risks and Mount says there's a two-thirds \u003ca href=\"http://californiawaterblog.com/2011/03/09/sea-level-rise-and-delta-subsidence%E2%80%94the-demise-of-subsided-delta-islands/\">chance of a catastrophic levee failure\u003c/a> in the next 50 years. That, of course, affects farmers and communities in the Delta, but it could also impact California's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The raindrops that fall in Mount Shasta are consumed by people in San Diego. Water moves a great distance and this is one of the critical hubs in that system,\" says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fixing the Delta's levees is estimated to cost billions. But on some islands, scientists are experimenting with a new fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farming Carbon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38450\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 219px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingsoil.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingsoil-219x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarmingsoil\" width=\"219\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peat soil samples on Twitchell Island. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a windy day on Twitchell Island in the Delta, ecologist Lisa Windham-Myers of the US Geological Survey pushes her way through a wetland filled with a tall, reed-like plant known as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoenoplectus_acutus\">tule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plant grows... some of these are 16 feet tall. They're just huge,\" she says. That growth is changing the ground we're standing on. Windham-Myers pulls out a sample of the dark peat soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wetland \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/Carbon_Farm/RandD.html\">produces soil at a rapid rate\u003c/a> – four inches a year on average. That's huge, says USGS scientist Brian Bergamaschi, in a place where the land is sinking. \"These islands are like bowls and the way we see projects like this is you want to fill up the middle of that bowl and help level out the whole island.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting wetlands like this one could raise the land level and water table on the inside of levees, relieving some of the pressure. But why would farmers want to replace cash crops with tule? Windham-Myers points to the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is basically almost 100 percent carbon. These take up far more than a typical forest environment,\" she says. California is setting up a market for carbon, as part of the state's effort to cut global warming emissions. Early next year, companies that need to reduce their emissions could pay farmers to store carbon in wetlands like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarming2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarming2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarming2\" width=\"320\" height=\"199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38451\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USGS scientist Brian Bergamaschi talks with Delta farmer Al Medvitch. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, two farmers are here checking out the project: Steve Mello, a Delta farmer on Tyler Island and Al Medvitch, a farmer in the Montezuma Hills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The potential has been demonstrated well. You guys are standing in the middle of it. But in order to move from here to market, we need to develop a lot more techniques so people can come and verify that the carbon is stored,\" says Brian Bergamaschi, describing how wetland farming might work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both farmers seem open to the idea. But Mello says ultimately, it depends on the bottom line. \"It would absolutely need to cash flow. While it could dovetail with levee stability, it would still need to generate enough to amortize your property value.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Mello says assuming carbon prices are high enough, growing patches of wetlands could be a feasible way to improve the levees and to stay farming.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California’s Delta has a rich agricultural legacy, but farming there can be a risky business. Dozens of farms have been flooded over the past half century as aging levees have collapsed. Now, scientists are encouraging farmers to switch to a new crop. Instead of growing vegetables, they’d grow something that has all but disappeared in the Delta: wetlands. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-21-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the third story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38425\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Farming-marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Farming-marquee-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Farming-marquee\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tules on Twitchell Island in the Delta. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With thousands of acres of rich farmland, the Delta has a long agricultural legacy. But farming there can be a risky business. Dozens of farms have been flooded over the past half century as aging levees have collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That became a reality for farmer Rudy Mussi on the morning of June 3, 2004. It was clear, sunny day. \"You never expect a flood in the summer months,\" says Mussi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mussi was growing corn and asparagus on lower Jones Tract, an island in the Delta, 10 miles west of Stockton. That morning, he got a phone call. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/06/04/MNG1G70S3A1.DTL&ao=all\">Water was flooding\u003c/a> onto his farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your heart stops for a second or two and then realism sets in. And you just start moving your equipment and get it to high ground,\" says Mussi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did a flood happen a on a sunny day? It's because of a basic rule of physics. Mussi farmed on an island below sea level, like a lot of the islands in the Delta. The Delta used to be a huge swath of wetlands, where two major rivers met San Francisco Bay. Today, earthen levees hold that water back – most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once a break occurs, you know, there's no way you're gonna stop that, not with 10 feet of water on the other side,\" Mussi says. Draining the island and repairing the levees around Jones Tract cost about $90 million. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38449\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 232px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingLevee.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingLevee-232x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarmingLevee\" width=\"232\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The levee break on Jones Tract in 2004. (Photo: CA Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn't an isolated incident. Over the last century, more than 150 levees have failed in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Delta Infrastructure at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is how we get ourselves in kind of an arms race between the water and the land,\" says Jeff Mount, professor with the Center for Watershed Sciences at the University of California-Davis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levee-building began in the 1850s, when settlers came to the Delta for the rich soil. More than a thousand miles of levees were built. \"This network of levees through time had to get bigger and bigger for a very basic reason: the land has been steadily lowering,\" says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As farmers exposed the rich peat soil, it started decomposing. The land level dropped; \"In some places they talked about four inches per year,\" says Mount. Today, it's less than an inch per year thanks to better farming practices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add up all those inches over the past century and some islands are now 30 feet below sea level. That puts a lot of stress on the levees. There are also other concerns: rising sea levels and extreme floods. \"And then the big 800-pound gorilla in the room – we're due for a very large earthquake on the San Andreas system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add up all these risks and Mount says there's a two-thirds \u003ca href=\"http://californiawaterblog.com/2011/03/09/sea-level-rise-and-delta-subsidence%E2%80%94the-demise-of-subsided-delta-islands/\">chance of a catastrophic levee failure\u003c/a> in the next 50 years. That, of course, affects farmers and communities in the Delta, but it could also impact California's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The raindrops that fall in Mount Shasta are consumed by people in San Diego. Water moves a great distance and this is one of the critical hubs in that system,\" says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fixing the Delta's levees is estimated to cost billions. But on some islands, scientists are experimenting with a new fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farming Carbon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38450\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 219px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingsoil.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingsoil-219x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarmingsoil\" width=\"219\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peat soil samples on Twitchell Island. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a windy day on Twitchell Island in the Delta, ecologist Lisa Windham-Myers of the US Geological Survey pushes her way through a wetland filled with a tall, reed-like plant known as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoenoplectus_acutus\">tule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plant grows... some of these are 16 feet tall. They're just huge,\" she says. That growth is changing the ground we're standing on. Windham-Myers pulls out a sample of the dark peat soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wetland \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/Carbon_Farm/RandD.html\">produces soil at a rapid rate\u003c/a> – four inches a year on average. That's huge, says USGS scientist Brian Bergamaschi, in a place where the land is sinking. \"These islands are like bowls and the way we see projects like this is you want to fill up the middle of that bowl and help level out the whole island.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting wetlands like this one could raise the land level and water table on the inside of levees, relieving some of the pressure. But why would farmers want to replace cash crops with tule? Windham-Myers points to the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is basically almost 100 percent carbon. These take up far more than a typical forest environment,\" she says. California is setting up a market for carbon, as part of the state's effort to cut global warming emissions. Early next year, companies that need to reduce their emissions could pay farmers to store carbon in wetlands like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarming2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarming2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarming2\" width=\"320\" height=\"199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38451\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USGS scientist Brian Bergamaschi talks with Delta farmer Al Medvitch. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, two farmers are here checking out the project: Steve Mello, a Delta farmer on Tyler Island and Al Medvitch, a farmer in the Montezuma Hills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The potential has been demonstrated well. You guys are standing in the middle of it. But in order to move from here to market, we need to develop a lot more techniques so people can come and verify that the carbon is stored,\" says Brian Bergamaschi, describing how wetland farming might work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both farmers seem open to the idea. But Mello says ultimately, it depends on the bottom line. \"It would absolutely need to cash flow. While it could dovetail with levee stability, it would still need to generate enough to amortize your property value.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Mello says assuming carbon prices are high enough, growing patches of wetlands could be a feasible way to improve the levees and to stay farming.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Can We Bring Back What We've Lost?",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37673\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37673\" title=\"Deltamap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Delta created by the US Geological Survey in the 1910s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As detective stories go, this sunny, spring day in the Delta isn't a typical backdrop. In the distance, tractors move slowly through dry fields of row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once he got lost, they were wandering all over,\" says Alison Whipple of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/he\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>, a non-profit research group based in Richmond. Her colleague, Robin Grossinger, agrees. \"They were all over this place.\" The two are trying to piece together the path of William Wright, a man who got hopelessly lost somewhere nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should probably mention: it happened 160 years ago. Whipple and Grossinger are historical ecologists. They use sources like old photos, hand-drawn maps and early land surveys to sleuth out what this landscape looked like before it was dramatically remade by Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's landscape has been dramatically remade over the last 200 years. Today, it's a crucial part of the state's water system, supplying 25 million people and irrigating millions of acres of farm land. But with this re-engineering, the Delta's ecosystem has collapsed, harming the fishing industry and putting water supplies at risk. Little is known about what it once looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Map of Historical Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37955\" title=\"DeltaThumbnail6\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"110\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">See an interactive map\u003c/a> of the Delta, past and present, and the historical photos and maps used to create it.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost in a Delta Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a levee about 20 miles south of Sacramento, Whipple and Grossinger are discussing what they found a tattered, yellowing notebook uncovered in a state archive. It contains stories from William Wright, a duck hunter who spent a long, cold night lost in the Delta in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"On all sides stretched a vast wilderness of tules from ten to fifteen feet in height. The driving storm of sleet was bad, but the pitchy darkness was infinitely worse... Our situation was so miserable that no words can do justice to it.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the dramatic story they're interested in. It's passages this like one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"The lakes proved to be from one hundred to three hundred yards in width, as near as we could judge. The water was very cold and often waist‐deep.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Whipple and Grossinger read his account, they knew they’d found a Holy Grail source document. Its detail reveal a landscape that doesn't exist here today and hasn’t existed for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Delta is probably one of the most intensively transformed parts of California and it was also changed really early on because of such fertile land,\" says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's Gold Rush boomed, farmers came to the Delta for its rich soil. Land went for a dollar an acre and settlers turned the wetlands into dry, agricultural land. 97% of the historic marshes were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have here maybe one of the most important parts of the state's ecosystem and we don’t actually know how it used to work,\" Says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37590\" title=\"SFEI\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SFEI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alison Whipple and Robin Grossinger examine historic maps in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Whipple have layered together thousands of historical sources that reveal an ecosystem of incredible complexity. “We would be in trees right here with a couple winding channels that were dry in the summer but had flowing water in the wintertime,\" explains Whipple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yearly floods from the Sacramento River inundated Delta marshes creating habitat for birds and young salmon. Closer to San Francisco Bay, hundreds of miles of small tidal channels branched out like capillaries in the wetlands. Today, most of those channels have been filled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning the Delta to this pristine state just isn’t possible, says Whipple, and that’s not the goal of the project. But knowing how the ecosystem once worked could improve the habitat restoration efforts that are happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty Island is one place in the Delta that looks as it might have 200 years ago. Not long ago, it was a low-lying expanse of farmland, protected by tall levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levees broke and it wasn’t financially worth reclaiming,” Says Carl Wilcox of with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Game\u003c/a>. The landowners gave up when the island flooded 15 years ago. After that, nature took over. Tules and cattails started sprouting and wildlife followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37591\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/libertyisland/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37591\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37591\" title=\"LibertyIsland\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LibertyIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Returning vegetation at Liberty Island in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, “some of the endangered native fishes, Delta smelt, longfin smelt are using this area,” says Wilcox. They're finding endangered Chinook salmon as well. \"These are more productive areas for them, they’re more protected, they’re less prone to predators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Considers Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is using the Liberty Island project as a model for a proposal to restore 65,000 acres of Delta habitat. It's part of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan - a major overhaul of the Delta’s water infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo Winternitz of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> says bringing back habitat for declining wildlife could make the state’s water supply more reliable. Restrictions under the Endangered Species Act have limited how much water can be pumped from the Delta in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one big problem with restoration: most of the islands in the Delta are below sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just south of here, some of the islands, they're in the 17 to 25 below sea level range. So if their levees broke, what you’d have is a large open body of water. You can’t create tidal marshes in those areas,\" says Winternitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves only a few places where restoration is feasible. Winternitz says in those areas it’s crucial the state look to the past to create the same interconnected habitat that once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown's administration is set to unveil the sweeping plan to restore the Delta later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37673\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37673\" title=\"Deltamap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Delta created by the US Geological Survey in the 1910s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As detective stories go, this sunny, spring day in the Delta isn't a typical backdrop. In the distance, tractors move slowly through dry fields of row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once he got lost, they were wandering all over,\" says Alison Whipple of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/he\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>, a non-profit research group based in Richmond. Her colleague, Robin Grossinger, agrees. \"They were all over this place.\" The two are trying to piece together the path of William Wright, a man who got hopelessly lost somewhere nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should probably mention: it happened 160 years ago. Whipple and Grossinger are historical ecologists. They use sources like old photos, hand-drawn maps and early land surveys to sleuth out what this landscape looked like before it was dramatically remade by Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's landscape has been dramatically remade over the last 200 years. Today, it's a crucial part of the state's water system, supplying 25 million people and irrigating millions of acres of farm land. But with this re-engineering, the Delta's ecosystem has collapsed, harming the fishing industry and putting water supplies at risk. Little is known about what it once looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Map of Historical Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37955\" title=\"DeltaThumbnail6\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"110\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">See an interactive map\u003c/a> of the Delta, past and present, and the historical photos and maps used to create it.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost in a Delta Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a levee about 20 miles south of Sacramento, Whipple and Grossinger are discussing what they found a tattered, yellowing notebook uncovered in a state archive. It contains stories from William Wright, a duck hunter who spent a long, cold night lost in the Delta in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"On all sides stretched a vast wilderness of tules from ten to fifteen feet in height. The driving storm of sleet was bad, but the pitchy darkness was infinitely worse... Our situation was so miserable that no words can do justice to it.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the dramatic story they're interested in. It's passages this like one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"The lakes proved to be from one hundred to three hundred yards in width, as near as we could judge. The water was very cold and often waist‐deep.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Whipple and Grossinger read his account, they knew they’d found a Holy Grail source document. Its detail reveal a landscape that doesn't exist here today and hasn’t existed for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Delta is probably one of the most intensively transformed parts of California and it was also changed really early on because of such fertile land,\" says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's Gold Rush boomed, farmers came to the Delta for its rich soil. Land went for a dollar an acre and settlers turned the wetlands into dry, agricultural land. 97% of the historic marshes were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have here maybe one of the most important parts of the state's ecosystem and we don’t actually know how it used to work,\" Says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37590\" title=\"SFEI\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SFEI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alison Whipple and Robin Grossinger examine historic maps in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Whipple have layered together thousands of historical sources that reveal an ecosystem of incredible complexity. “We would be in trees right here with a couple winding channels that were dry in the summer but had flowing water in the wintertime,\" explains Whipple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yearly floods from the Sacramento River inundated Delta marshes creating habitat for birds and young salmon. Closer to San Francisco Bay, hundreds of miles of small tidal channels branched out like capillaries in the wetlands. Today, most of those channels have been filled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning the Delta to this pristine state just isn’t possible, says Whipple, and that’s not the goal of the project. But knowing how the ecosystem once worked could improve the habitat restoration efforts that are happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty Island is one place in the Delta that looks as it might have 200 years ago. Not long ago, it was a low-lying expanse of farmland, protected by tall levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levees broke and it wasn’t financially worth reclaiming,” Says Carl Wilcox of with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Game\u003c/a>. The landowners gave up when the island flooded 15 years ago. After that, nature took over. Tules and cattails started sprouting and wildlife followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37591\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/libertyisland/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37591\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37591\" title=\"LibertyIsland\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LibertyIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Returning vegetation at Liberty Island in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, “some of the endangered native fishes, Delta smelt, longfin smelt are using this area,” says Wilcox. They're finding endangered Chinook salmon as well. \"These are more productive areas for them, they’re more protected, they’re less prone to predators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Considers Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is using the Liberty Island project as a model for a proposal to restore 65,000 acres of Delta habitat. It's part of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan - a major overhaul of the Delta’s water infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo Winternitz of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> says bringing back habitat for declining wildlife could make the state’s water supply more reliable. Restrictions under the Endangered Species Act have limited how much water can be pumped from the Delta in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one big problem with restoration: most of the islands in the Delta are below sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just south of here, some of the islands, they're in the 17 to 25 below sea level range. So if their levees broke, what you’d have is a large open body of water. You can’t create tidal marshes in those areas,\" says Winternitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves only a few places where restoration is feasible. Winternitz says in those areas it’s crucial the state look to the past to create the same interconnected habitat that once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown's administration is set to unveil the sweeping plan to restore the Delta later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?",
"title": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?",
"headTitle": "California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36945\" title=\"DeltaOverview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the Delta, heading to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not familiar with where the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is or why it's so important to the state, you're not alone. Polls show most Californians have never heard of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This relatively small part of California plays a crucial role in the state's water supply. And, as might be expected, it's become ground zero for a decades-long water war involving cities, farmers and fish. This year, the state is taking on an ambitious planning effort to break that deadlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Re-plumbing California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason the Delta has this starring role is thanks to a basic geography problem. Almost all of the state's water is found in the top third of the state. Most of the population lives in the bottom two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue was painfully obvious to state planners a century ago. The Central Valley promised rich soil for farmers, but had little rainfall. They knew for California to grow, they had to move water to drier parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is where California's two largest rivers come together, carrying runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To water planners, it looked like the perfect place to tap into. California began building water infrastructure at a massive scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is exported out of the Delta primarily through two large pumping plants near Tracy, about 60 miles east of San Francisco. Each moves millions of gallons of water a minute. From there, the water rushes into concrete canals that reach Los Angeles, Silicon Valley and millions of acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 700-mile system has made California the state it is today. But it's come with a cost…\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>[youtube=http://accounts.icharts.net/icharts/embed/M3vTyChC]\n\u003cdiv id=\"chartdetails111327\" class=\"chartdetails\">\u003cspan>Chart: How We Use Delta Water\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Description: Water that flows through Delta is pumped hundreds of miles across California. The Central Valley Project sends water to farms, while the State Water Project reaches Los Angeles and Silicon Valley, as well as Central Valley farmland. The Bay Area also receives water from the North Bay Aqueduct and the Contra Costa Canal. In some years, as much as 50 percent of the water that flows through the Delta is exported.\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Tags: water, delta, diversions, san francisco bay delta, fishing, salmon, smelt, exports, CCWD, kqed, quest, Delta-Mendota Canal. BDCP, farming\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Author: \u003c/span>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.icharts.net\">charts powered by iCharts\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>An Ecosystem in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a boat in the western Delta, environmental scientist Julio Adib-Samii and team from California's Department of Fish and Game pull in a long fishing net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 234px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36947\" title=\"Deltasmelt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt-234x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we have an adult Delta smelt,\" he says, holding a small, silver endangered fish that smells distinctly like a cucumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game scientists have done these \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/delta/data/\">monthly fish surveys\u003c/a> for decades. But starting in 2002, they noticed something strange. Where they once caught a lot of Delta smelt, now, they weren't catching any. The population had crashed, as well as populations of striped bass, threadfin shad, longfin smelt and Chinook salmon. In 2008, the commercial salmon fishery shut down completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their decline is an indication of a changing environment and place they didn't evolve to be in,\" says Adib-Samii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a massive tidal marsh, full of winding channels that spread out like capillaries. After the Gold Rush, settlers put up levees to create low-lying islands for farming. Ninety-seven percent of the historic wetlands were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Multiple Stressors, One Big Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland and we need to return some of that to habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. The ecosystem has also been hit by pollution, invasive species – and by the pumping plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More in our Series\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Timeline of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/whiskey%E2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%E2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/\">Delta history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Q&A's with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Jason Peltier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Video explainer\u003c/a> on \"What is the Delta?\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow. It's very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps,\" says Nelson. A few years ago, federal wildlife agencies issued decisions requiring the pumping to slow down during certain times of year to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the central debate in the Delta: how much water should be pumped out and how much should be left for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limit to the amount of water you can pump from the Delta ecosystem and in the last decade it's become incredibly clear that we've exceeded that, and we've exceeded it by a lot,\" says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees. \"There is, you know, always going to be shortages. But there's also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there,\" says Jason Peltier with \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley that depends on Delta water. He says limits on pumping have hurt the district's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don't have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers,\" says Peltier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over the environmental rules went to the courts. \"There was lawsuit after lawsuit,\" says John Laird, California's Secretary for Natural Resources. \"It got to the point that it made much more sense to look at the entire Delta as a whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Attempt at Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird's agency is trying to reach a compromise with the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The 10,000-page plan calls for a new way to pump water out of the Delta, through what's commonly known as the peripheral canal. Huge tunnels would take water from further upstream, bypassing the Delta, which supporters say would make the water supply more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a new idea. In 1982, California voters defeated a similar plan. \"The real debate is not the tunnel itself. It's how much water and when can it flow through the tunnel,\" says Laird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive project could harm the Delta's endangered species, but Laird says they'll restore thousands of acres of wetlands to compensate. California voters would be on the hook for that cost, while the $12 billion tunnel would be paid for by water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tough sell but, according to Laird, a necessary one since climate change will make the state's water supply more unpredictable. The agency will release a full draft of the plan in July.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been the subject of a decades-long water war, but most Californians have never heard of it. Why is it so important? And can the state ever break the water deadlock? ",
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"description": "The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been the subject of a decades-long water war, but most Californians have never heard of it. Why is it so important? And can the state ever break the water deadlock? ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36945\" title=\"DeltaOverview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the Delta, heading to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not familiar with where the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is or why it's so important to the state, you're not alone. Polls show most Californians have never heard of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This relatively small part of California plays a crucial role in the state's water supply. And, as might be expected, it's become ground zero for a decades-long water war involving cities, farmers and fish. This year, the state is taking on an ambitious planning effort to break that deadlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Re-plumbing California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason the Delta has this starring role is thanks to a basic geography problem. Almost all of the state's water is found in the top third of the state. Most of the population lives in the bottom two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue was painfully obvious to state planners a century ago. The Central Valley promised rich soil for farmers, but had little rainfall. They knew for California to grow, they had to move water to drier parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is where California's two largest rivers come together, carrying runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To water planners, it looked like the perfect place to tap into. California began building water infrastructure at a massive scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is exported out of the Delta primarily through two large pumping plants near Tracy, about 60 miles east of San Francisco. Each moves millions of gallons of water a minute. From there, the water rushes into concrete canals that reach Los Angeles, Silicon Valley and millions of acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 700-mile system has made California the state it is today. But it's come with a cost…\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003cdiv id=\"chartdetails111327\" class=\"chartdetails\">\u003cspan>Chart: How We Use Delta Water\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Description: Water that flows through Delta is pumped hundreds of miles across California. The Central Valley Project sends water to farms, while the State Water Project reaches Los Angeles and Silicon Valley, as well as Central Valley farmland. The Bay Area also receives water from the North Bay Aqueduct and the Contra Costa Canal. In some years, as much as 50 percent of the water that flows through the Delta is exported.\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Tags: water, delta, diversions, san francisco bay delta, fishing, salmon, smelt, exports, CCWD, kqed, quest, Delta-Mendota Canal. BDCP, farming\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Author: \u003c/span>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.icharts.net\">charts powered by iCharts\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>An Ecosystem in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a boat in the western Delta, environmental scientist Julio Adib-Samii and team from California's Department of Fish and Game pull in a long fishing net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 234px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36947\" title=\"Deltasmelt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt-234x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we have an adult Delta smelt,\" he says, holding a small, silver endangered fish that smells distinctly like a cucumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game scientists have done these \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/delta/data/\">monthly fish surveys\u003c/a> for decades. But starting in 2002, they noticed something strange. Where they once caught a lot of Delta smelt, now, they weren't catching any. The population had crashed, as well as populations of striped bass, threadfin shad, longfin smelt and Chinook salmon. In 2008, the commercial salmon fishery shut down completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their decline is an indication of a changing environment and place they didn't evolve to be in,\" says Adib-Samii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a massive tidal marsh, full of winding channels that spread out like capillaries. After the Gold Rush, settlers put up levees to create low-lying islands for farming. Ninety-seven percent of the historic wetlands were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Multiple Stressors, One Big Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland and we need to return some of that to habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. The ecosystem has also been hit by pollution, invasive species – and by the pumping plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More in our Series\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Timeline of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/whiskey%E2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%E2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/\">Delta history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Q&A's with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Jason Peltier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Video explainer\u003c/a> on \"What is the Delta?\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow. It's very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps,\" says Nelson. A few years ago, federal wildlife agencies issued decisions requiring the pumping to slow down during certain times of year to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the central debate in the Delta: how much water should be pumped out and how much should be left for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limit to the amount of water you can pump from the Delta ecosystem and in the last decade it's become incredibly clear that we've exceeded that, and we've exceeded it by a lot,\" says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees. \"There is, you know, always going to be shortages. But there's also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there,\" says Jason Peltier with \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley that depends on Delta water. He says limits on pumping have hurt the district's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don't have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers,\" says Peltier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over the environmental rules went to the courts. \"There was lawsuit after lawsuit,\" says John Laird, California's Secretary for Natural Resources. \"It got to the point that it made much more sense to look at the entire Delta as a whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Attempt at Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird's agency is trying to reach a compromise with the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The 10,000-page plan calls for a new way to pump water out of the Delta, through what's commonly known as the peripheral canal. Huge tunnels would take water from further upstream, bypassing the Delta, which supporters say would make the water supply more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a new idea. In 1982, California voters defeated a similar plan. \"The real debate is not the tunnel itself. It's how much water and when can it flow through the tunnel,\" says Laird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive project could harm the Delta's endangered species, but Laird says they'll restore thousands of acres of wetlands to compensate. California voters would be on the hook for that cost, while the $12 billion tunnel would be paid for by water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tough sell but, according to Laird, a necessary one since climate change will make the state's water supply more unpredictable. The agency will release a full draft of the plan in July.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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