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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg\" alt=\"ACEEE summer camp\" title=\"social\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-43002\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) was formed in the 1980s to facilitate get-togethers of the nations energy efficiency experts—researchers, academics, and practitioners. It has grown into an organization that advocates for smart energy policy in the halls of Congress, and publishes its own research. And it still gets the energy geeks together to talk about energy efficiency in buildings, in industry, and in transportation. Lately the organization has focused more attention on human behavior and attitudes towards energy. All the technology in the world won’t save the planet unless people use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every two years the staff of the magazine I edit, \u003cem>Home Energy\u003c/em>, is invited down to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitasilomar.com/\">Asilomar Conference Grounds\u003c/a> in Pacific Grove, California, to publish a daily newsletter for the biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.aceee.org/conferences/2012/ssb\">ACEEE Summer Study of Energy Efficiency in Buildings\u003c/a>. The conference is unofficially called “Summer Camp,” and “Energy Boot Camp”. The most recent Summer Study finished up last Friday (August 17). I want to share with QUEST readers some of what the plenary speakers had to offer us this year. Follow the links if you want to know more about the speakers and their messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/299/nav/blog\">Sunday Plenary: Something of a Study in Contrasts\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jane Long, Chair of California’s Energy Future Project, spoke on “California’s Energy Future—The View to 2050 Summary Report.” The study, conducted by the California Council on Science and Technology, is a work in process. Long asked the question “Is it possible to meet California Governor Jerry Brown’s Executive Order to go 80% below 1990 green house gas (GHG) emissions by 2050?” The California legislature passed Assembly Bill (AB) 32 in 2006, requiring a drop in GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to meet the goal of Governor Brown’s Executive Order, every square foot of building space would need to be touched. The retrofit of existing buildings would be the major cost, surprisingly, while making new buildings more energy efficient is much less expensive, compared to business as usual. Long raised a question that was discussed at Summer Study. Is it better to demolish buildings rather than retrofit them? Along with retrofitting every building in the state, to achieve an 80% reduction in 1990 GHG emissions by 2050, automobile fuel efficiency would have to reach an average of 75 mpg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amory Lovins, Chairman and Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), which he cofounded in 1982, discussed his latest book, \u003cem>Reinventing Fire.\u003c/em> Lovins asked us to re-think our assumptions about energy. Can we conceive of fuel efficiency in cars in the range of 125-240 mile per gallon equivalent (mpge) (these are electric cars)? It’s possible with cars made from lightweight carbon fiber. Can we imagine buildings in cold climates that meet 90% of the heating energy needed during the coldest winter nights without fuel of any kind, but with smart, integrative design strategies instead? These are things happening right now behind the scenes. Lovins’ house in Snowmass, Colorado, is an example. He grows bananas and other tropical fruit there year round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/300/nav/blog\">Monday Plenary: A Night in the Life of the Summer Study\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monday night plenary speaker was Jon Wellinghoff, Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). His talked was called “A Night In the Life of the Grid”. Using a colorful map of the Midwestern United States, Wellinghoff described a grid in need of some more coordination, so that electricity load and production correlate more directly, therefore causing the electricity grid to operate more efficiently. A system in steady state is more efficient than one that is constantly ramping up and down—this is true of cars, HVAC systems, and the electricity grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wellinghoff’s example, the blue states are the ones with an overabundance of electric power, making it relatively cheap, and the red states, the ones where electricity is scarce and expensive. At 1 am the area around Terre Haute, Indiana, is desperate for electric power, while up north in Illinois, nuclear power is cheap and plentiful and westward in Iowa, wind generation is at a peak. Up by Fort Wayne they are burning kilowatts for next to nothing. Making the whole grid more efficient requires the participation of homeowners as well as factory bosses. On the residential end use side, Wellinghoff sees price signals offering individuals the greatest opportunity for control of their energy and the cost of that energy. Imagine utility customers becoming utility partners. Imagine providing power back to the grid from your car battery, and getting paid for it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/301/nav/blog\">\u003cstrong>Tuesday Plenary: Something Very Big is Happening in Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew DeWit, Professor in the School of Policy Studies at Rikkyo University, spoke on Tuesday night. DeWit described nothing less than a battle taking place upon the ruins of the Fukushima power plants, between sustainability and crushing debt; same-old same-old, and the new green economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeWit described the “Hashimoto Phenomenon”. Hashimoto is an Osaka-based politician “with more votes than Michael Bloomberg has money,” and is using his influence on the side of green energy, against the old guard that includes the former owners of Tokyo Electric Power (the utility has been nationalized) and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). What’s also new is what DeWit described as “Twitter-populism”. Average people have become enraged at the lies and lack of accountability shown by TEPCO in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 that nearly destroyed four nuclear power plants and spread radiation tens of miles into the interior of Japan. And they are demanding change, which is a new phenomenon in Japanese culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Japan will go green over the next two years will be determined later this summer and in the fall. Energy is a core issue in Japan politics and policy making and it is bringing about social and political changes at lightning speed. Stay tuned. Japan may be the first of many nations to make the hard choices to move to a sustainable green economy or sink under the weight of inertia and vested interests.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to meet the goal of Governor Brown’s Executive Order, every square foot of building space would need to be touched. The retrofit of existing buildings would be the major cost, surprisingly, while making new buildings more energy efficient is much less expensive, compared to business as usual. Long raised a question that was discussed at Summer Study. Is it better to demolish buildings rather than retrofit them? Along with retrofitting every building in the state, to achieve an 80% reduction in 1990 GHG emissions by 2050, automobile fuel efficiency would have to reach an average of 75 mpg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amory Lovins, Chairman and Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), which he cofounded in 1982, discussed his latest book, \u003cem>Reinventing Fire.\u003c/em> Lovins asked us to re-think our assumptions about energy. Can we conceive of fuel efficiency in cars in the range of 125-240 mile per gallon equivalent (mpge) (these are electric cars)? It’s possible with cars made from lightweight carbon fiber. Can we imagine buildings in cold climates that meet 90% of the heating energy needed during the coldest winter nights without fuel of any kind, but with smart, integrative design strategies instead? These are things happening right now behind the scenes. Lovins’ house in Snowmass, Colorado, is an example. He grows bananas and other tropical fruit there year round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/300/nav/blog\">Monday Plenary: A Night in the Life of the Summer Study\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monday night plenary speaker was Jon Wellinghoff, Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). His talked was called “A Night In the Life of the Grid”. Using a colorful map of the Midwestern United States, Wellinghoff described a grid in need of some more coordination, so that electricity load and production correlate more directly, therefore causing the electricity grid to operate more efficiently. A system in steady state is more efficient than one that is constantly ramping up and down—this is true of cars, HVAC systems, and the electricity grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wellinghoff’s example, the blue states are the ones with an overabundance of electric power, making it relatively cheap, and the red states, the ones where electricity is scarce and expensive. At 1 am the area around Terre Haute, Indiana, is desperate for electric power, while up north in Illinois, nuclear power is cheap and plentiful and westward in Iowa, wind generation is at a peak. Up by Fort Wayne they are burning kilowatts for next to nothing. Making the whole grid more efficient requires the participation of homeowners as well as factory bosses. On the residential end use side, Wellinghoff sees price signals offering individuals the greatest opportunity for control of their energy and the cost of that energy. Imagine utility customers becoming utility partners. Imagine providing power back to the grid from your car battery, and getting paid for it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/301/nav/blog\">\u003cstrong>Tuesday Plenary: Something Very Big is Happening in Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew DeWit, Professor in the School of Policy Studies at Rikkyo University, spoke on Tuesday night. DeWit described nothing less than a battle taking place upon the ruins of the Fukushima power plants, between sustainability and crushing debt; same-old same-old, and the new green economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeWit described the “Hashimoto Phenomenon”. Hashimoto is an Osaka-based politician “with more votes than Michael Bloomberg has money,” and is using his influence on the side of green energy, against the old guard that includes the former owners of Tokyo Electric Power (the utility has been nationalized) and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). What’s also new is what DeWit described as “Twitter-populism”. Average people have become enraged at the lies and lack of accountability shown by TEPCO in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 that nearly destroyed four nuclear power plants and spread radiation tens of miles into the interior of Japan. And they are demanding change, which is a new phenomenon in Japanese culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Japan will go green over the next two years will be determined later this summer and in the fall. Energy is a core issue in Japan politics and policy making and it is bringing about social and political changes at lightning speed. Stay tuned. Japan may be the first of many nations to make the hard choices to move to a sustainable green economy or sink under the weight of inertia and vested interests.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What is the Delta? Explaining California's Massive Watering Hole",
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"content": "\u003cp>About two-thirds of Californians drink, bathe, brush their teeth, and flush their toilets with water that comes from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. That's roughly 25 million people who get at least some portion of their hydration from one big triangular watering hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ask most folks what the Delta is, and you're guaranteed to get a lot of blank stares. According to one \u003ca href=\"http://www.socalwater.org/news/press-releases/116-californians-largely-unaware-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta\" target=\"_blank\">recent poll, \u003c/a> roughly four of five Californians are pretty clueless about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003c!--[if lt IE 9]>\u003cscript>document.createElement('video');\u003c/script>\u003c![endif]-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/mp4\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4?_=1\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4\">http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to take for granted that water magically pours out of the tap when you turn your faucet on. But chances are, that H20 has gone through a pretty serious journey to reach you - and it's probably worth knowing where it comes from, and how safe the supply is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's one of many things that's kind of funky about California: the majority of the population lives in the southern part of the state, but most of the available fresh water supply is in the northern half. So, to hydrate the millions of people living and farming in the state's drier regions, California has had to, ahem, tap the crap out of its available resources, pumping water hundreds of miles over large mountains to reach the populations that rely on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what is the Delta?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Just south of Sacramento on the western edge of the Central Valley is where California's two major rivers meet - the San Joaquin from the south and the Sacramento from the north. Between them, they drain almost half of California's freshwater supply, collecting and concentrating rainfall and snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada and funneling it towards the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is what makes the Delta: a 700-square-mile inland estuary at the confluence of these two rivers, where fresh water from the mountains mixes with salt water from the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it as California's big drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How it used to be ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2892\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/delta-past_bay-nature.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2892 \" title=\"delta past_bay nature\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/delta-past_bay-nature-300x138.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"138\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Bay Nature Magazine; artist: Laura Cunningham\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before we started messing with it, the Delta was a vast brackish marsh filled with wetland plants (tules) and winding tidal channels. Much of it was submerged; all the fresh water from mountain snowmelt mixed with salt water from the ocean. In fact, when Spanish explorers first viewed the Delta from the top of Mt. Diablo in the late 1700s, they thought they'd discovered an inland sea. The area teemed with birds and game animals, including elk, antelope, and grizzly bears. Its few human inhabitants – small settlements of Miwok Indians – fished and hunted there only during summer months on small areas of dry land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And how it is now ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2893 alignright\" title=\"the-delta1\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>As you may have guessed, things are a bit different today. Over the last 150 years, we've dramatically and irreversibly changed the environment and landscape of the Delta, an epic effort to meet the steep demands of California’s increasingly crowded, thirsty population. Today's Delta is dotted with more than 1,000 miles of earthen walls - called levees. Much of the area has been \"reclaimed\" for agricultural use - land that's been drained and cordoned off by the levees. Huge pumps now deliver millions of gallons of fresh water to cities in the East Bay, South Bay, and throughout the lower half of the state, as well as farms in the arid San Joaquin Valley to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>A fragile system\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2895\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 232px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/leveebreak2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2895 \" title=\"leveebreak2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/leveebreak2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2004, a breach in the Upper Jones Tract Levee flooded the surrounding farmlands and residential areas. The probable culprit: a rodent - possibly a beaver. (source: CA Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the transformation has greatly upset the fragile environmental balance of the region, threatening many of the native fish and plant species that can't survive without steady streams of fresh water. The debate over how much water should be diverted from the Delta has long been a hot button political issue, instigating ongoing battles between northern and southern cities. It's also pitted environmentalists and ocean salmon fisherman against heavy water users, like farmers, who demand large consistent deliveries of fresh water diverted from the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern development of the Delta has also created an equally fragile water delivery system that millions of Californians depend on. Most of the levees are old and crumbling. If hit by a big enough earthquake, many would likely be destroyed. And because much of the reclaimed land in the region is below sea level (because of ongoing land subsidence), the area would be flooded, along with the nearly 400,000 people who live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2896\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/6_7_04_image-jones-damage-41d.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2896 \" title=\"6_7_04_image-jones damage-41d\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/6_7_04_image-jones-damage-41d-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"211\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: CA Dept. of Water Resources\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perhaps even more catastrophic: because the levees separate fresh water from salt water, if they collapse, the two types of water mix, leaving much of the state high and dry without a major source of fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty serious business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders have been arguing for years about how to deal with this threat. A multibillion dollar water infrastructure ballot measure has repeatedly stalled, and now Governor Jerry Brown is floating the very costly prospect of building peripheral tunnels that would capture and divert fresh water before it even enters the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Learn and explore more about the Delta\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\" target=\"_blank\">Check out KQED QUEST's multimedia series on the Delta, including an extensive set of interactive historical maps.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.watereducation.org/watersources/\" target=\"_blank\">Find out where your drinking water comes from (from the Water Education Foundation). \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About two-thirds of Californians drink, bathe, brush their teeth, and flush their toilets with water that comes from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. That's roughly 25 million people who get at least some portion of their hydration from one big triangular watering hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ask most folks what the Delta is, and you're guaranteed to get a lot of blank stares. According to one \u003ca href=\"http://www.socalwater.org/news/press-releases/116-californians-largely-unaware-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta\" target=\"_blank\">recent poll, \u003c/a> roughly four of five Californians are pretty clueless about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003c!--[if lt IE 9]>\u003cscript>document.createElement('video');\u003c/script>\u003c![endif]-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/mp4\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4?_=1\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4\">http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to take for granted that water magically pours out of the tap when you turn your faucet on. But chances are, that H20 has gone through a pretty serious journey to reach you - and it's probably worth knowing where it comes from, and how safe the supply is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's one of many things that's kind of funky about California: the majority of the population lives in the southern part of the state, but most of the available fresh water supply is in the northern half. So, to hydrate the millions of people living and farming in the state's drier regions, California has had to, ahem, tap the crap out of its available resources, pumping water hundreds of miles over large mountains to reach the populations that rely on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what is the Delta?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Just south of Sacramento on the western edge of the Central Valley is where California's two major rivers meet - the San Joaquin from the south and the Sacramento from the north. Between them, they drain almost half of California's freshwater supply, collecting and concentrating rainfall and snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada and funneling it towards the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is what makes the Delta: a 700-square-mile inland estuary at the confluence of these two rivers, where fresh water from the mountains mixes with salt water from the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it as California's big drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How it used to be ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2892\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/delta-past_bay-nature.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2892 \" title=\"delta past_bay nature\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/delta-past_bay-nature-300x138.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"138\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Bay Nature Magazine; artist: Laura Cunningham\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before we started messing with it, the Delta was a vast brackish marsh filled with wetland plants (tules) and winding tidal channels. Much of it was submerged; all the fresh water from mountain snowmelt mixed with salt water from the ocean. In fact, when Spanish explorers first viewed the Delta from the top of Mt. Diablo in the late 1700s, they thought they'd discovered an inland sea. The area teemed with birds and game animals, including elk, antelope, and grizzly bears. Its few human inhabitants – small settlements of Miwok Indians – fished and hunted there only during summer months on small areas of dry land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And how it is now ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2893 alignright\" title=\"the-delta1\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>As you may have guessed, things are a bit different today. Over the last 150 years, we've dramatically and irreversibly changed the environment and landscape of the Delta, an epic effort to meet the steep demands of California’s increasingly crowded, thirsty population. Today's Delta is dotted with more than 1,000 miles of earthen walls - called levees. Much of the area has been \"reclaimed\" for agricultural use - land that's been drained and cordoned off by the levees. Huge pumps now deliver millions of gallons of fresh water to cities in the East Bay, South Bay, and throughout the lower half of the state, as well as farms in the arid San Joaquin Valley to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>A fragile system\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2895\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 232px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/leveebreak2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2895 \" title=\"leveebreak2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/leveebreak2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2004, a breach in the Upper Jones Tract Levee flooded the surrounding farmlands and residential areas. The probable culprit: a rodent - possibly a beaver. (source: CA Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the transformation has greatly upset the fragile environmental balance of the region, threatening many of the native fish and plant species that can't survive without steady streams of fresh water. The debate over how much water should be diverted from the Delta has long been a hot button political issue, instigating ongoing battles between northern and southern cities. It's also pitted environmentalists and ocean salmon fisherman against heavy water users, like farmers, who demand large consistent deliveries of fresh water diverted from the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern development of the Delta has also created an equally fragile water delivery system that millions of Californians depend on. Most of the levees are old and crumbling. If hit by a big enough earthquake, many would likely be destroyed. And because much of the reclaimed land in the region is below sea level (because of ongoing land subsidence), the area would be flooded, along with the nearly 400,000 people who live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2896\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/6_7_04_image-jones-damage-41d.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2896 \" title=\"6_7_04_image-jones damage-41d\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/6_7_04_image-jones-damage-41d-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"211\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: CA Dept. of Water Resources\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perhaps even more catastrophic: because the levees separate fresh water from salt water, if they collapse, the two types of water mix, leaving much of the state high and dry without a major source of fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty serious business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders have been arguing for years about how to deal with this threat. A multibillion dollar water infrastructure ballot measure has repeatedly stalled, and now Governor Jerry Brown is floating the very costly prospect of building peripheral tunnels that would capture and divert fresh water before it even enters the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Learn and explore more about the Delta\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\" target=\"_blank\">Check out KQED QUEST's multimedia series on the Delta, including an extensive set of interactive historical maps.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.watereducation.org/watersources/\" target=\"_blank\">Find out where your drinking water comes from (from the Water Education Foundation). \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California’s Delta Blues: A Parched History",
"headTitle": "California’s Delta Blues: A Parched History | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-style:italic;font-size:16px\">By \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Green\u003c/a>\u003c/span> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ftpimagefix\" style=\"float:left\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2893\" title=\"the-delta1\" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/files/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"dropcap\">M\u003c/span>ark Twain is credited with the famous remark: “Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is pretty much no better example than the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which over the last 150 years has undergone epic transformation and been the epicenter of equally epic political battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the timeline to get a sense of the modern evolution (or de-evolution, depending on how you look at it) of California’s largest water source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(It may be easier to view in fullscreen mode: to do so, click on button at the bottom right-hand corner of the timeline)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\"><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \u003cbr>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Mark Twain is credited with the famous remark: “Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about.” And there is pretty much no better example than the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which over the last 150 years has undergone epic transformation and been the epicenter of equally epic political battles.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-style:italic;font-size:16px\">By \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Green\u003c/a>\u003c/span> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ftpimagefix\" style=\"float:left\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2893\" title=\"the-delta1\" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/files/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"dropcap\">M\u003c/span>ark Twain is credited with the famous remark: “Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is pretty much no better example than the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which over the last 150 years has undergone epic transformation and been the epicenter of equally epic political battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the timeline to get a sense of the modern evolution (or de-evolution, depending on how you look at it) of California’s largest water source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(It may be easier to view in fullscreen mode: to do so, click on button at the bottom right-hand corner of the timeline)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40683\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/bobcat-catscapes-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40683\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/bobcat-catscapes.carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"bobcat in marin\" title=\"bobcat catscapes.carousel\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This bobcat was captured by a motion-sensitive camera in Marin County. (Photo: Felidae Conservation Fund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine you’re a bobcat resting on a warm rock when suddenly you hear voices, then spy a horde of humans heading your way. You might bolt toward a steep, rocky ledge to monitor the intruders from a safe distance, or slink into the nearest thicket to hide from prying eyes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the world through the eyes of a wild carnivore, the province of expert trackers, takes training and patience. Reading the landscape for evidence of animals once helped our ancestors survive by distinguishing signs that could lead to a meal from those that could prove fatal. Now, the skill is increasingly enlisted to help wildlife survive in human-dominated landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trackers infer the presence, behavior and interactions of animals by piecing together clues in the form of footprints, trails, beds, scrapes, hair, scat and other visible traces known as spoor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent Saturday morning, I rose early to take a crash course on spoor detection from local trackers John Brossard and Scott Davidson. We met along a ridge in Marin County overlooking Stinson Beach, along with 13 other mostly local hardy souls willing to brave the swirling, dense morning fog that stubbornly shrouds the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since March, Brossard and Davidson have led similar outings for \u003ca href=\"http://catscapes.com/\">Catscapes\u003c/a>, sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.felidaefund.org/\">Felidae Conservation Fund. \u003c/a>“The focus of the classes is to increase awareness of the cats’ ecology and presence, and to cultivate empathy for them,” Brossard tells us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He invites us to use all our senses to assess the living landscape, listen for avian alarm calls, watch for signs of prey activity, and note where vegetation might provide cover for prey or predator. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bobcats, like mountain lions, are opportunistic ambush predators. They take cover, waiting patiently for their favorite food to appear—deer, in the case of lions, rabbits and rodents for bobcats (though they’ll settle for raccoons, turkeys, really anything within reason).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scanning the steep hillside just east of the trail where our group stops for instructions, I notice triangular tufts of grass emerging from the hillside. Could be rodent residences. Just to the left of the tufts, a long run stretches from the base of the hill to its crest. If I were a bobcat, that’s where I’d settle in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40682\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_bobcattracks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40682\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_BobcatTracks-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"bobcat tracks \" title=\"Elbroch_BobcatTracks\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two front paws of a bobcat. Bobcats, like lions, tend to move slowly and stealthily, often pausing to look for prey, taking care not to betray their presence. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen lots and lots of signs of bobcats,” Davidson says. “They didn’t disappear. They’re resting in bushes somewhere with good cover. Listen to the birds. They might have something to say about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the birds are telling me something, I don’t know what it is. I start scaling the steep hillside, slipping on the parched golden grasses to reach the tufted rises. Sure enough, the tufts cover little dugouts, carved out of the dirt. Could be burrows for voles, pocket gophers or ground squirrels. I head toward the run skirting Rodent Central, looking for footprints and scat, but see nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearing the crest of the hill, I spot a well-worn run ringing a dense stand of firs and large boulders, which cats big and small use for cover. At the top of the hill, I see a rather large scat on top of a rock. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, though scat is easy to spot, it’s notoriously difficult to tell who left it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evidence-Based Tracking\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEcologist and master tracker Mark Elbroch says \"there's nothing esoteric\" about what he does. \"It's really just looking for signs that betray the passage of an animal. And knowing where to look.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's looked at scat “for years and years and years,” and still comes across specimens he just can’t identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/4/516/#sec8\">2011 population survey\u003c/a> of snow leopards in Nepal, genetic analysis showed that 52 of 71 scats identified as snow leopard in the field came from another carnivore (probably fox, dog, wolf, or lynx), even though the highly trained field team followed an exacting protocol. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly every project that relies on scat to study the diet of felids ends up mixing felid and canid scat, says Elbroch, who’s studied lions in California, Colorado, Patagonia, and now, as leader of the Teton Cougar Project, in Wyoming. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some general rules apply, he says. Bobcats and coyotes both mark trails, so you’ll likely encounter them on a hiking trail, deer run, or along a ridge path. But mountain lions almost always hide their scat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After killing a deer, mountain lions drag it into cover, if they can, and usually cache it or cover it with debris, Elbroch explains. And they’ll form a latrine close by, from 15 feet to a quarter mile away, where they’ll defecate time and again over the course of feeding on the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40689\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_lionscrape/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40689\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_LionScrape-273x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lion scrape in Patagonia\" title=\"Elbroch_LionScrape\" width=\"273\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-40689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lions leave deep impressions in dirt made with their hind feet to mark their territory or signal their presence to females and other males. Multiple lions may use the scrape site like a community bulletin board. Juan Carlos Bravo sits next to a scrape in Patagonia. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Elbroch looks for lions, he relies more on footprints and scrapes, depressions made with the hind feet, than on scat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions use scrapes as community bulletin boards, Elbroch says, a behavior documented on video cameras. “You’ll see females coming in to check the males. They smell the site and start yowling, going into heat.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chris Wilmers has great footage of a male coming in and scraping, another male coming in, smelling the scrape, then walking through, then a female coming in and smelling the scrape.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since all the lions are collared, Wilmers, a UC Santa Cruz biologist who leads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bapp.org/\">Bay Area Puma Project\u003c/a>, could tell that the female and male in the footage spent three days together—typical for a romantic interlude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Spoils\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThanks to video cameras and advances in GPS technology, the hidden life of mountain lions is slowly emerging. In a recent study from his work in Patagonia, at the southern tip of South America, \u003ca href=\"http://www.switzernetwork.org/news/featured-fellows/mark-elbroch-teton-cougar-project-ecological-role-pumas\">Elbroch used GPS collars to show that lions help feed their neighbors\u003c/a>. Often, the big cats lose their hard-earned meals to other hungry animals. In California, a black bear may scare a cat off a carcass. In Patagonia, Elbroch found, lions supplied more than 500 pounds of meat per 38 square miles to a diverse community of scavengers, including the increasingly rare Andean condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cougar kills something in the open then retreats to cover, because it doesn’t want to sit in the middle of a big grassland all day,” he explains. “But it doesn’t go back, because it knows it’s already gone.” The Andean condor, cousin to the California condor, makes fast work of the remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means lions have to kill more prey to avoid starvation. It also means lions function as a wilderness grocer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elbroch's videos show everything from weasels and martins to foxes, coyotes, and wolves to grizzlies and black bears feeding on a kill. “And the insect life on top of carcasses is crazy. That draws in the birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, he adds, “we got this amazing footage of a flycatcher sitting above the kill and just zipping down in little dives right over the carcass, just cleaning up on all the flies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Humans Aren’t on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSpecialist hunters, lions focus on large ungulates like deer and elk, which provide enough meat to offset the energy spent hunting, even with all the food lost to scavengers. Lions, as every expert will tell you, prefer to avoid humans. So how to explain the recent attack on a 63-year-old Marin County man camping near Nevada City?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well it’s total speculation,” Elbroch says. “It happens so rarely, the sample size is so low, it’s hard even to guess.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the first thing Elbroch wondered was whether the lion was attracted by a wheezing snore, which can sound like a dying animal. “Cats don’t just walk up to people and bite them. But if they were to walk by and hear rustling movement and this weird snoring wheeze, you bet they’re going to come up and check it out. They are \u003cem>incredibly\u003c/em> curious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Elbroch uses tapes of whining foxes or rabbits—whines being universal signs of distress—to attract lions to pit snares, so he can outfit them with a GPS collar or check on them during a study. “It's the easiest way to pull in a lion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two lion attacks in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park near San Diego in the 1990s, researchers got funding to study the behavior of 10 collared lions who used the park. Even as the number of people using the park increased, with close to 600,000 visitors in 2002, cats and humans rarely had occasion to meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40686\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 239px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_cougartrack_mytrack/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40686\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_Cougartrack_mytrack-239x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cougar track\" title=\"Elbroch_Cougartrack_mytrack\" width=\"239\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-40686\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tracks of an adult female lion, taken in Los Padres National Forest, California, next to Mark Elbroch's footprint. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They're sleeping right next to the trail, and using the trail all the time, but generally at night,” Elbroch says. “The lights go out, the lions start using the trail. The lights come on in the morning, the lions just walk 50 to 100 feet off the trail and lie down for the day. Horses and people go by them all day, every day. And there’s never an encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lions, like wolves, play beneficial, essential roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems, Elbroch says. “We shouldn’t just consider them vermin or competition or threats to our children and livestock, which is how we looked at wolves forever. Now people are starting to talk about the ecological benefits of wolves. It would be great to get there for mountain lions, too.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help Bay Area residents appreciate these benefits, the Felidae Conservation Fund has outfitted the hills we’re exploring with motion-sensitive cameras. The “camera traps” don’t just produce compelling images of wildlife, they collect data, preparing for the day when the Bay Area Puma Project reaches Marin. (The \u003ca href=\"http://catscapes.com/\">next Catscapes outing\u003c/a> is Saturday, July 21.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before heading back down the hill to rejoin the group, I take a quick detour to see what lies beyond a nearby ridge. When cats hunt, they often travel just below the ridgeline, out of sight, but close enough to pop up and peer over into the next drainage, looking for deer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when I pop up over the ridge, I see houses about a mile or so below. Just a few minutes before, I imagined every snapping twig, every moaning breeze to be a lion in the brush. Now, looking down on the populated shore, I realize how little space we’ve left these wide-ranging cats—and wonder how they’ve managed to survive.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Learning to see the landscape through the eyes of a wild carnivore helps Bay Area residents appreciate the essential ecological roles bobcats, mountain lions, and other predators play in ecosystems. New research shows that lion leftovers feed a surprising diversity of other species.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40683\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/bobcat-catscapes-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40683\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/bobcat-catscapes.carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"bobcat in marin\" title=\"bobcat catscapes.carousel\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This bobcat was captured by a motion-sensitive camera in Marin County. (Photo: Felidae Conservation Fund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine you’re a bobcat resting on a warm rock when suddenly you hear voices, then spy a horde of humans heading your way. You might bolt toward a steep, rocky ledge to monitor the intruders from a safe distance, or slink into the nearest thicket to hide from prying eyes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the world through the eyes of a wild carnivore, the province of expert trackers, takes training and patience. Reading the landscape for evidence of animals once helped our ancestors survive by distinguishing signs that could lead to a meal from those that could prove fatal. Now, the skill is increasingly enlisted to help wildlife survive in human-dominated landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trackers infer the presence, behavior and interactions of animals by piecing together clues in the form of footprints, trails, beds, scrapes, hair, scat and other visible traces known as spoor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent Saturday morning, I rose early to take a crash course on spoor detection from local trackers John Brossard and Scott Davidson. We met along a ridge in Marin County overlooking Stinson Beach, along with 13 other mostly local hardy souls willing to brave the swirling, dense morning fog that stubbornly shrouds the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since March, Brossard and Davidson have led similar outings for \u003ca href=\"http://catscapes.com/\">Catscapes\u003c/a>, sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.felidaefund.org/\">Felidae Conservation Fund. \u003c/a>“The focus of the classes is to increase awareness of the cats’ ecology and presence, and to cultivate empathy for them,” Brossard tells us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He invites us to use all our senses to assess the living landscape, listen for avian alarm calls, watch for signs of prey activity, and note where vegetation might provide cover for prey or predator. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bobcats, like mountain lions, are opportunistic ambush predators. They take cover, waiting patiently for their favorite food to appear—deer, in the case of lions, rabbits and rodents for bobcats (though they’ll settle for raccoons, turkeys, really anything within reason).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scanning the steep hillside just east of the trail where our group stops for instructions, I notice triangular tufts of grass emerging from the hillside. Could be rodent residences. Just to the left of the tufts, a long run stretches from the base of the hill to its crest. If I were a bobcat, that’s where I’d settle in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40682\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_bobcattracks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40682\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_BobcatTracks-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"bobcat tracks \" title=\"Elbroch_BobcatTracks\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two front paws of a bobcat. Bobcats, like lions, tend to move slowly and stealthily, often pausing to look for prey, taking care not to betray their presence. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen lots and lots of signs of bobcats,” Davidson says. “They didn’t disappear. They’re resting in bushes somewhere with good cover. Listen to the birds. They might have something to say about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the birds are telling me something, I don’t know what it is. I start scaling the steep hillside, slipping on the parched golden grasses to reach the tufted rises. Sure enough, the tufts cover little dugouts, carved out of the dirt. Could be burrows for voles, pocket gophers or ground squirrels. I head toward the run skirting Rodent Central, looking for footprints and scat, but see nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearing the crest of the hill, I spot a well-worn run ringing a dense stand of firs and large boulders, which cats big and small use for cover. At the top of the hill, I see a rather large scat on top of a rock. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, though scat is easy to spot, it’s notoriously difficult to tell who left it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evidence-Based Tracking\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEcologist and master tracker Mark Elbroch says \"there's nothing esoteric\" about what he does. \"It's really just looking for signs that betray the passage of an animal. And knowing where to look.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's looked at scat “for years and years and years,” and still comes across specimens he just can’t identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/4/516/#sec8\">2011 population survey\u003c/a> of snow leopards in Nepal, genetic analysis showed that 52 of 71 scats identified as snow leopard in the field came from another carnivore (probably fox, dog, wolf, or lynx), even though the highly trained field team followed an exacting protocol. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly every project that relies on scat to study the diet of felids ends up mixing felid and canid scat, says Elbroch, who’s studied lions in California, Colorado, Patagonia, and now, as leader of the Teton Cougar Project, in Wyoming. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some general rules apply, he says. Bobcats and coyotes both mark trails, so you’ll likely encounter them on a hiking trail, deer run, or along a ridge path. But mountain lions almost always hide their scat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After killing a deer, mountain lions drag it into cover, if they can, and usually cache it or cover it with debris, Elbroch explains. And they’ll form a latrine close by, from 15 feet to a quarter mile away, where they’ll defecate time and again over the course of feeding on the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40689\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_lionscrape/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40689\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_LionScrape-273x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lion scrape in Patagonia\" title=\"Elbroch_LionScrape\" width=\"273\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-40689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lions leave deep impressions in dirt made with their hind feet to mark their territory or signal their presence to females and other males. Multiple lions may use the scrape site like a community bulletin board. Juan Carlos Bravo sits next to a scrape in Patagonia. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Elbroch looks for lions, he relies more on footprints and scrapes, depressions made with the hind feet, than on scat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions use scrapes as community bulletin boards, Elbroch says, a behavior documented on video cameras. “You’ll see females coming in to check the males. They smell the site and start yowling, going into heat.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chris Wilmers has great footage of a male coming in and scraping, another male coming in, smelling the scrape, then walking through, then a female coming in and smelling the scrape.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since all the lions are collared, Wilmers, a UC Santa Cruz biologist who leads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bapp.org/\">Bay Area Puma Project\u003c/a>, could tell that the female and male in the footage spent three days together—typical for a romantic interlude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Spoils\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThanks to video cameras and advances in GPS technology, the hidden life of mountain lions is slowly emerging. In a recent study from his work in Patagonia, at the southern tip of South America, \u003ca href=\"http://www.switzernetwork.org/news/featured-fellows/mark-elbroch-teton-cougar-project-ecological-role-pumas\">Elbroch used GPS collars to show that lions help feed their neighbors\u003c/a>. Often, the big cats lose their hard-earned meals to other hungry animals. In California, a black bear may scare a cat off a carcass. In Patagonia, Elbroch found, lions supplied more than 500 pounds of meat per 38 square miles to a diverse community of scavengers, including the increasingly rare Andean condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cougar kills something in the open then retreats to cover, because it doesn’t want to sit in the middle of a big grassland all day,” he explains. “But it doesn’t go back, because it knows it’s already gone.” The Andean condor, cousin to the California condor, makes fast work of the remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means lions have to kill more prey to avoid starvation. It also means lions function as a wilderness grocer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elbroch's videos show everything from weasels and martins to foxes, coyotes, and wolves to grizzlies and black bears feeding on a kill. “And the insect life on top of carcasses is crazy. That draws in the birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, he adds, “we got this amazing footage of a flycatcher sitting above the kill and just zipping down in little dives right over the carcass, just cleaning up on all the flies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Humans Aren’t on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSpecialist hunters, lions focus on large ungulates like deer and elk, which provide enough meat to offset the energy spent hunting, even with all the food lost to scavengers. Lions, as every expert will tell you, prefer to avoid humans. So how to explain the recent attack on a 63-year-old Marin County man camping near Nevada City?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well it’s total speculation,” Elbroch says. “It happens so rarely, the sample size is so low, it’s hard even to guess.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the first thing Elbroch wondered was whether the lion was attracted by a wheezing snore, which can sound like a dying animal. “Cats don’t just walk up to people and bite them. But if they were to walk by and hear rustling movement and this weird snoring wheeze, you bet they’re going to come up and check it out. They are \u003cem>incredibly\u003c/em> curious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Elbroch uses tapes of whining foxes or rabbits—whines being universal signs of distress—to attract lions to pit snares, so he can outfit them with a GPS collar or check on them during a study. “It's the easiest way to pull in a lion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two lion attacks in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park near San Diego in the 1990s, researchers got funding to study the behavior of 10 collared lions who used the park. Even as the number of people using the park increased, with close to 600,000 visitors in 2002, cats and humans rarely had occasion to meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40686\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 239px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_cougartrack_mytrack/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40686\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_Cougartrack_mytrack-239x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cougar track\" title=\"Elbroch_Cougartrack_mytrack\" width=\"239\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-40686\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tracks of an adult female lion, taken in Los Padres National Forest, California, next to Mark Elbroch's footprint. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They're sleeping right next to the trail, and using the trail all the time, but generally at night,” Elbroch says. “The lights go out, the lions start using the trail. The lights come on in the morning, the lions just walk 50 to 100 feet off the trail and lie down for the day. Horses and people go by them all day, every day. And there’s never an encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lions, like wolves, play beneficial, essential roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems, Elbroch says. “We shouldn’t just consider them vermin or competition or threats to our children and livestock, which is how we looked at wolves forever. Now people are starting to talk about the ecological benefits of wolves. It would be great to get there for mountain lions, too.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help Bay Area residents appreciate these benefits, the Felidae Conservation Fund has outfitted the hills we’re exploring with motion-sensitive cameras. The “camera traps” don’t just produce compelling images of wildlife, they collect data, preparing for the day when the Bay Area Puma Project reaches Marin. (The \u003ca href=\"http://catscapes.com/\">next Catscapes outing\u003c/a> is Saturday, July 21.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before heading back down the hill to rejoin the group, I take a quick detour to see what lies beyond a nearby ridge. When cats hunt, they often travel just below the ridgeline, out of sight, but close enough to pop up and peer over into the next drainage, looking for deer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when I pop up over the ridge, I see houses about a mile or so below. Just a few minutes before, I imagined every snapping twig, every moaning breeze to be a lion in the brush. Now, looking down on the populated shore, I realize how little space we’ve left these wide-ranging cats—and wonder how they’ve managed to survive.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Ocean Overrun With Gentle Gelatinous Salps",
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"content": "\u003cp>What looks like a jellyfish but is closely related to humans? The answer is an oceanic animal called a salp, and right now the waters off California are teeming with unprecedented numbers of these creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salps are essentially transparent jet-propelled tubes. Their life cycle alternates between solitary swimmers, each smaller than your hand, and aggregated colonies that can grow longer than a bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40370\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 374px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/03/ocean-overrun-with-gentle-gelatinous-salps/shimada-2012-pyrosoma-carinaria-and-salps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40370\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40370\" title=\"Shimada 2012 Pyrosoma, Carinaria, and salps\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Shimada-2012-Pyrosoma-Carinaria-and-salps-374x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shimada 2012 Pyrosoma, Carinaria, and salps\" width=\"374\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pink tubes in the upper left are pyrosomes, a close relative of salps that have also increased in abundance. To the right of the pyrosomes is a transparent sea snail that preys on salps--these sea snails were unusually large this year. The rest of the tray is full of Salpa fusiformis, the \"brown-eyed salp.\" Photo by {link url=http://student.uncw.edu/mab1828/Matthew_Birk/Home.html}Matthew Birk{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As individuals, salps are innocuous. They don't sting. They don't hunt. They're gentle plankton eaters. But as populous blooms, salps can wreak havoc. So far this year their sheer gelatinous mass has shut down one \u003ca title=\"News - Power Plant Knocked Offline By Salps\" href=\"http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/04/27/11432974-diablo-canyon-nuclear-plant-in-california-knocked-offline-by-jellyfish-like-creature-called-salp?lite\">nuclear power plant\u003c/a> and destroyed two fishing nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOAA \u003ca title=\"NOAA SWFSC\" href=\"http://swfsc.noaa.gov/\">Southwest Fisheries Science Center\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz has surveyed the central California coast every spring since 1983, gathering information on individual fished species and on the ecosystem in general. The 2012 survey took the ship \u003cem>Bell M. Shimada\u003c/em> from San Diego to Newport between May 6 and June 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had wild salp catches over the last few weeks,\" wrote research fishery biologist John Field in a message from the boat to colleagues back on shore. \"No one from the survey has ever seen anything like it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each time the scientists dragged a trawl net through the water, they caught an average of 30,000 salps. Prior to 2012, the maximum salp catch for a single trawl was 235 in 1999. This year, some hauls held over half a million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40369\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/03/ocean-overrun-with-gentle-gelatinous-salps/shimdada-2012-midwater-trawl-net-covered-in-salps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40369\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40369\" title=\"Shimada 2012 midwater trawl net covered in salps\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Shimdada-2012-midwater-trawl-net-covered-in-salps-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shimada 2012 midwater trawl net covered in salps\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trawl net covered in salps - photo by {link url=http://student.uncw.edu/mab1828/Matthew_Birk/Home.html}Matthew Birk{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was when they could even use the nets. \"For the first time in the history of the survey,\" wrote research fishery biologist Keith Sakuma, \"both the primary and backup midwater trawl nets were ripped apart due to the sheer number of salps in the water.\" Often they had to cancel the trawls because there were simply too many salps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does such a freak salp bloom mean? It's tempting to dredge up the \"\u003ca title=\"National Science Foundation - Jellyfish Gone Wild\" href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/jellyfish/intro.jsp\">jellyfish gone wild\u003c/a>\" hypothesis--the idea that \u003ca title=\"Smithsonian - Jellyfish\" href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/40th-anniversary/Jellyfish-The-Next-Kings-of-the-Sea.html\">gelatinous creatures are taking over the oceans\u003c/a> because they can adapt to human pollution. But as \u003ca title=\"MBARI\" href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">MBARI\u003c/a> scientist Steven Haddock has pointed out, historical data for most species isn't good enough to be certain of an increase in numbers or a significant tolerance for pollution. Furthermore, in the case of California salps, there's reason to believe shifts in abundance are driven by natural oceanwide changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of decades, the Pacific Ocean alternates between \"warm\" and \"cool\" phases. During a warm phase from 1977-1998, salps declined in abundance; the trend reversed after 1998 with a shift to a cool phase. Yet none of the years since 1998 have shown salp numbers even close to the banner year of 2012. Scientists will surely be seeking further explanations and waiting to see how long the bloom continues.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What looks like a jellyfish but is closely related to humans? The answer is an oceanic animal called a salp, and right now the waters off California are teeming with unprecedented numbers of these creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salps are essentially transparent jet-propelled tubes. Their life cycle alternates between solitary swimmers, each smaller than your hand, and aggregated colonies that can grow longer than a bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40370\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 374px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/03/ocean-overrun-with-gentle-gelatinous-salps/shimada-2012-pyrosoma-carinaria-and-salps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40370\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40370\" title=\"Shimada 2012 Pyrosoma, Carinaria, and salps\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Shimada-2012-Pyrosoma-Carinaria-and-salps-374x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shimada 2012 Pyrosoma, Carinaria, and salps\" width=\"374\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pink tubes in the upper left are pyrosomes, a close relative of salps that have also increased in abundance. To the right of the pyrosomes is a transparent sea snail that preys on salps--these sea snails were unusually large this year. The rest of the tray is full of Salpa fusiformis, the \"brown-eyed salp.\" Photo by {link url=http://student.uncw.edu/mab1828/Matthew_Birk/Home.html}Matthew Birk{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As individuals, salps are innocuous. They don't sting. They don't hunt. They're gentle plankton eaters. But as populous blooms, salps can wreak havoc. So far this year their sheer gelatinous mass has shut down one \u003ca title=\"News - Power Plant Knocked Offline By Salps\" href=\"http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/04/27/11432974-diablo-canyon-nuclear-plant-in-california-knocked-offline-by-jellyfish-like-creature-called-salp?lite\">nuclear power plant\u003c/a> and destroyed two fishing nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NOAA \u003ca title=\"NOAA SWFSC\" href=\"http://swfsc.noaa.gov/\">Southwest Fisheries Science Center\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz has surveyed the central California coast every spring since 1983, gathering information on individual fished species and on the ecosystem in general. The 2012 survey took the ship \u003cem>Bell M. Shimada\u003c/em> from San Diego to Newport between May 6 and June 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had wild salp catches over the last few weeks,\" wrote research fishery biologist John Field in a message from the boat to colleagues back on shore. \"No one from the survey has ever seen anything like it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each time the scientists dragged a trawl net through the water, they caught an average of 30,000 salps. Prior to 2012, the maximum salp catch for a single trawl was 235 in 1999. This year, some hauls held over half a million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40369\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/03/ocean-overrun-with-gentle-gelatinous-salps/shimdada-2012-midwater-trawl-net-covered-in-salps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40369\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40369\" title=\"Shimada 2012 midwater trawl net covered in salps\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Shimdada-2012-midwater-trawl-net-covered-in-salps-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shimada 2012 midwater trawl net covered in salps\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trawl net covered in salps - photo by {link url=http://student.uncw.edu/mab1828/Matthew_Birk/Home.html}Matthew Birk{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was when they could even use the nets. \"For the first time in the history of the survey,\" wrote research fishery biologist Keith Sakuma, \"both the primary and backup midwater trawl nets were ripped apart due to the sheer number of salps in the water.\" Often they had to cancel the trawls because there were simply too many salps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does such a freak salp bloom mean? It's tempting to dredge up the \"\u003ca title=\"National Science Foundation - Jellyfish Gone Wild\" href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/jellyfish/intro.jsp\">jellyfish gone wild\u003c/a>\" hypothesis--the idea that \u003ca title=\"Smithsonian - Jellyfish\" href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/40th-anniversary/Jellyfish-The-Next-Kings-of-the-Sea.html\">gelatinous creatures are taking over the oceans\u003c/a> because they can adapt to human pollution. But as \u003ca title=\"MBARI\" href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">MBARI\u003c/a> scientist Steven Haddock has pointed out, historical data for most species isn't good enough to be certain of an increase in numbers or a significant tolerance for pollution. Furthermore, in the case of California salps, there's reason to believe shifts in abundance are driven by natural oceanwide changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of decades, the Pacific Ocean alternates between \"warm\" and \"cool\" phases. During a warm phase from 1977-1998, salps declined in abundance; the trend reversed after 1998 with a shift to a cool phase. Yet none of the years since 1998 have shown salp numbers even close to the banner year of 2012. Scientists will surely be seeking further explanations and waiting to see how long the bloom continues.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Help the Sea On Your Next Overseas Vacation ",
"title": "Help the Sea On Your Next Overseas Vacation ",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/02/help-the-sea-on-your-next-overseas-vacation/heading-out-for-night-dive_c/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39819\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-39819\" title=\"Heading out for night dive in the Philippines\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nIf the chance to travel abroad and participate in an ongoing ocean research project sounds more appealing to you than drinking Mai Tais poolside, here are seven sea-friendly ideas for your next vacation. Whether you call it \"voluntourism,\" \"travelanthropy\" or just meaningful travel, each is an opportunity to support ocean conservation and education efforts around the world with your own two hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.seeturtles.org/\">SEE Turtles \u003c/a>is a non-profit which will connect you for free with a sea turtle conservation volunteer project. Typical volunteer work includes nightly beach patrols, looking for nesting adult female turtles and helping researchers measure, tag, and move eggs to the hatcheries. Depending on timing, volunteers may also get to help release baby sea turtles. Six out of the world's seven sea turtles species are threatened or endangered and each project works with specific species, primarily leatherbacks, olive ridleys, and green turtles. Volunteering costs from $20/day to several thousand per week for food and lodging, depending upon the location (travel expenses additional). Most trips are 8-10 days long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEE Turtles is a pilot project of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seethewild.org/1975/types-of-tours.html\">SEEtheWILD\u003c/a>, an organization that connects travelers with eco-tours and volunteer expeditions around the globe that generate income for endangered species protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.gviusa.com/programs/whale-and-dolphin-research-italy-volunteer-project\">dolphin monitoring aboard a sailboat\u003c/a> off the coast of Italy with Global Vision International (GVI). Whales and dolphins are attracted to the nutrient-rich waters of the Ligurian Sea, but heavy vessel traffic and fishing activity pose a threat to the marine mammals. Volunteers will spend a week living aboard a sailboat and monitoring the animals' spatial distribution, habitat preferences, ecology and behavior in support of scientifically based management of the Pelagos Cetacean Sanctuary. The cost is $1360, plus travel expenses. GVI is a private organization which operates 100 ongoing volunteer programs around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthwatch.org/expedition/exppresearchoceans.html?research=Ocean+Health&show=0\">22 ocean-centric expeditions organized by the non-profit EarthWatch\u003c/a> and assist with data collection in the Seychelles, Belize, Thailand, and other coastal settings around the world. The non-profit's currently listed trips last 7-15 days and range from $1,200-2,700 with meals and accommodation included (airfare is additional).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.reefball.org/\">The Reef Ball Foundation\u003c/a> works at sites around the world to rehabilitate and protect reef systems by deploying \"reef balls\" (manmade concrete habitats for juvenile fish). On a project-by-project basis, they need help building reef balls (working with concrete), deploying them (scuba certification required) and propagating and planting corals and mangrove trees. Volunteers pay for transportation, room and board and the cost and duration vary with the type of project. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefball.com/reefballcoalition/volunteerprograms.htm\">Read descriptions of typical Reef Ball volunteer projects here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.coralcay.org/index.php\">Coral Cay Conservation\u003c/a> organizes conservation expeditions in Cambodia and the Philippines and soon Sri Lanka. Volunteers dive daily to help survey species on the reef. Program costs start at approximately $1280 for two weeks, plus travel expenses to and from the site. The longer your stay, the cheaper the per-week cost is. Expedition lengths range from 2-16 weeks, and PADI Open Water and Advanced Open Water training is included for those not yet certified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conduct underwater surveys, fishery surveys, and educational outreach in southwest Madagascar's coral reefs, sea grass beds and other marine habitats. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefdoctor.org/index.php/rd/join/introduction_to_joining/\">The Reef Doctor's Research Assistant Programs \u003c/a>last from 4-12 weeks and are limited to six participants at a time. Program costs begin around $2,000 for four weeks and other volunteer expenses (air flights and transportation, dive gear, and insurance) are additional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: These ideas are meant as a starting place for your own research. The rates, dates and details are controlled by each respective organization and subject to change. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If the chance to travel abroad and participate in an ongoing ocean research project sounds more appealing to you than poolside Mai Tais, here are seven sea-friendly ideas for your next vacation.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/02/help-the-sea-on-your-next-overseas-vacation/heading-out-for-night-dive_c/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39819\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-39819\" title=\"Heading out for night dive in the Philippines\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Heading-out-for-night-dive_c-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nIf the chance to travel abroad and participate in an ongoing ocean research project sounds more appealing to you than drinking Mai Tais poolside, here are seven sea-friendly ideas for your next vacation. Whether you call it \"voluntourism,\" \"travelanthropy\" or just meaningful travel, each is an opportunity to support ocean conservation and education efforts around the world with your own two hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.seeturtles.org/\">SEE Turtles \u003c/a>is a non-profit which will connect you for free with a sea turtle conservation volunteer project. Typical volunteer work includes nightly beach patrols, looking for nesting adult female turtles and helping researchers measure, tag, and move eggs to the hatcheries. Depending on timing, volunteers may also get to help release baby sea turtles. Six out of the world's seven sea turtles species are threatened or endangered and each project works with specific species, primarily leatherbacks, olive ridleys, and green turtles. Volunteering costs from $20/day to several thousand per week for food and lodging, depending upon the location (travel expenses additional). Most trips are 8-10 days long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEE Turtles is a pilot project of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seethewild.org/1975/types-of-tours.html\">SEEtheWILD\u003c/a>, an organization that connects travelers with eco-tours and volunteer expeditions around the globe that generate income for endangered species protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.gviusa.com/programs/whale-and-dolphin-research-italy-volunteer-project\">dolphin monitoring aboard a sailboat\u003c/a> off the coast of Italy with Global Vision International (GVI). Whales and dolphins are attracted to the nutrient-rich waters of the Ligurian Sea, but heavy vessel traffic and fishing activity pose a threat to the marine mammals. Volunteers will spend a week living aboard a sailboat and monitoring the animals' spatial distribution, habitat preferences, ecology and behavior in support of scientifically based management of the Pelagos Cetacean Sanctuary. The cost is $1360, plus travel expenses. GVI is a private organization which operates 100 ongoing volunteer programs around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthwatch.org/expedition/exppresearchoceans.html?research=Ocean+Health&show=0\">22 ocean-centric expeditions organized by the non-profit EarthWatch\u003c/a> and assist with data collection in the Seychelles, Belize, Thailand, and other coastal settings around the world. The non-profit's currently listed trips last 7-15 days and range from $1,200-2,700 with meals and accommodation included (airfare is additional).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.reefball.org/\">The Reef Ball Foundation\u003c/a> works at sites around the world to rehabilitate and protect reef systems by deploying \"reef balls\" (manmade concrete habitats for juvenile fish). On a project-by-project basis, they need help building reef balls (working with concrete), deploying them (scuba certification required) and propagating and planting corals and mangrove trees. Volunteers pay for transportation, room and board and the cost and duration vary with the type of project. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefball.com/reefballcoalition/volunteerprograms.htm\">Read descriptions of typical Reef Ball volunteer projects here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.coralcay.org/index.php\">Coral Cay Conservation\u003c/a> organizes conservation expeditions in Cambodia and the Philippines and soon Sri Lanka. Volunteers dive daily to help survey species on the reef. Program costs start at approximately $1280 for two weeks, plus travel expenses to and from the site. The longer your stay, the cheaper the per-week cost is. Expedition lengths range from 2-16 weeks, and PADI Open Water and Advanced Open Water training is included for those not yet certified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conduct underwater surveys, fishery surveys, and educational outreach in southwest Madagascar's coral reefs, sea grass beds and other marine habitats. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefdoctor.org/index.php/rd/join/introduction_to_joining/\">The Reef Doctor's Research Assistant Programs \u003c/a>last from 4-12 weeks and are limited to six participants at a time. Program costs begin around $2,000 for four weeks and other volunteer expenses (air flights and transportation, dive gear, and insurance) are additional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: These ideas are meant as a starting place for your own research. The rates, dates and details are controlled by each respective organization and subject to change. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "People's Parks: Protecting Open Spaces for Everyone",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40076\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/willowcreeksnakecarousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40076\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/willowcreeksnakecarousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"willow creek snake \" title=\"willowcreeksnakecarousel\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40076\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A garter snake, native to Sonoma County, rests on a trail in the Willow Creek addition of Sonoma Coast State Park. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a steamy Saturday afternoon in June near Duncans Mills, about 35 people huddle under a stingy ring of shade at the edge of a clearing in the Freezeout Flat parking area. We’ve signed up for an orientation to secure a day use permit, our ticket to Willow Creek Park, a nearly 3,400-acre stretch of wetlands, rolling grasslands, and upland forests just a few miles beyond the mouth of the Russian River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're here for more than a day use permit. We’ve come to sign on as stewards of land that should be ours, and would be in fact, save for California’s devastating budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These orientations create an opportunity for anyone who’s interested to explore areas otherwise not open to the public,” says Meg Hamill, field programs assistant for \u003ca href=\"http://www.landpaths.org/\">LandPaths\u003c/a>, a Sonoma County nonprofit that works with California State Parks, \u003ca href=\"http://www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/\">Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods\u003c/a>, and a diverse range of individuals and organizations to maintain the park under its “community-powered” model of stewardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LandPaths relies on the dedication of local nature lovers to keep this sprawling open space, known as the Willow Creek addition, accessible to the public. Although Willow Creek is part of Sonoma Coast State Park on paper, it remains separate, and unequal. The state can’t afford to maintain the property or pay rangers to monitor wildlife and the spread of \u003ca href=\"http://cisr.ucr.edu/sudden_oak_death.html\">sudden oak death\u003c/a>, the pathogenic fungus that’s decimating California’s iconic oak trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40081\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/phytophtora_ramorum/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40081\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Phytophtora_ramorum-305x253.png\" alt=\"sudden oak death\" title=\"Phytophtora_ramorum\" width=\"305\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40081\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fungus Phytophtora ramorum causes sudden oak death, which attacks oak trees in coastal California counties from Monterey to Humboldt. Scientists think \u003cem>P. ramorum \u003c/em>settles on oak trunks from nearby bay leaves during rains, infects bark through natural openings, then kills cells by blocking water and nutrient transport vessels. (Photo: Nicholls H: Stopping the Rot. PLoS Biol 2/7/2004: e213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020213)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where the permit program comes in. Though the park would be open to everyone without restriction in a perfect world, Hamill says, the ideal of a public state park for this parcel crumbled under the reality of the state’s spiraling budget crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most other state-funded entities in California, the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/NzVjY7\">fate of the state parks \u003c/a>hinges on Gov. Jerry Brown’s struggles to solve the state’s unprecedented budget crisis. Five Sonoma state parks were originally slated for closure, though \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20120612/articles/120619889?p=1&tc=pg\">recent agreements gave three parks\u003c/a> – Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, Jack London State Historic Park and Petaluma Adobe State Historic Park-- a reprieve, at least temporarily. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willow Creek permit program started in 2005, after a public-spirited coalition of groups led by the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District and the Trust for Public Land paid Mendocino Redwood Company, a Ukiah-based logging outfit, $22 million to turn the privately held Willow Creek watershed into a public resource. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state park system agreed to a novel partnership to protect the Willow Creek area on the condition that people gained access to the land right way. The original idea was to incorporate Willow Creek into the adjacent Sonoma Coast State Park’s jurisdiction. But Sonoma Park officials knew they couldn’t manage more responsibilities at that point, so they decided to experiment with a new model, teaming with a nonprofit outfit to create this “people powered” solution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to a grant from the \u003ca href=\"http://scc.ca.gov/\">Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, LandPaths developed the permit program to get people out on the landscape, not just as hikers, bikers, and equestrians but as stewards and managers. Sign up for the hour-long permit orientation, which happens once or twice a month, depending on the availability of staff and volunteers, and you learn a bit about the history of the park, the challenges of maintaining the land on a shoestring budget, and why your time, energy, and donations are critical to its preservation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40084\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/trailinwillowcreek-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40084\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/trailinwillowcreek2-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"willow creek trail\" title=\"trailinwillowcreek\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40084\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willow Creek trails, including this old logging road, take hikers through redwood, Douglas fir, and oak forest as they climb from sea level to ridge tops at 1,300 feet with sweeping vistas of Sonoma County's expansive open spaces. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State park officials originally expected to take over management of the Willow Creek addition after four years, but that was before the global economic meltdown. Since then, permit holders can still access the land thanks almost entirely to their own generosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permit program ensures that anyone who’s motivated to attend an orientation can access the 15-mile network of trails and old logging roads anytime between sunrise and sunset. A permit buys you the code to the combination lock on the gate at the end of Freezeout Road just east of Duncans Mills and a pass for the Freezeout Flat parking area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the parking area, it’s a short walk to the so-called “Pressure Drop Trail,” a lung-busting climb (or exhilarating downhill on mountain bike) that winds through fern-covered forests with bays, oaks, old-growth redwoods, and Douglas fir and opens onto sloping ridge tops covered with tawny native grasses and sweeping views of nothing but nature. (Sure, we're part of nature but it's rejuvenating to gaze upon a landscape without power lines or houses as far as the eye can see.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Permits are free and good for the calendar year, though you can renew without another orientation. LandPaths asks only for donations, though Hamill encourages permit holders to leave a note at the Freezeout Flat access trailhead if you see any “blowdowns” (fallen trees on the trail), evidence of sudden oak death, damaged trail signs, or anything else that seems amiss. “We want permit holders to become the eyes and ears of the park,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if you fall in love with Willow Creek, consider donating funds to help keep the park open year-round. Or donate time and energy,” she urges. “We need all the help we can get.” \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Thanks to a novel partnership between California State Parks and the Sonoma County-based nonprofit LandPaths, nearly 3,400 acres of open space filled with old-growth redwood, Douglas fir and majestic oaks in the Willow Creek watershed of the Russian River are open to visitors for the price of an hour-long orientation. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40076\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/willowcreeksnakecarousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40076\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/willowcreeksnakecarousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"willow creek snake \" title=\"willowcreeksnakecarousel\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40076\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A garter snake, native to Sonoma County, rests on a trail in the Willow Creek addition of Sonoma Coast State Park. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a steamy Saturday afternoon in June near Duncans Mills, about 35 people huddle under a stingy ring of shade at the edge of a clearing in the Freezeout Flat parking area. We’ve signed up for an orientation to secure a day use permit, our ticket to Willow Creek Park, a nearly 3,400-acre stretch of wetlands, rolling grasslands, and upland forests just a few miles beyond the mouth of the Russian River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're here for more than a day use permit. We’ve come to sign on as stewards of land that should be ours, and would be in fact, save for California’s devastating budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These orientations create an opportunity for anyone who’s interested to explore areas otherwise not open to the public,” says Meg Hamill, field programs assistant for \u003ca href=\"http://www.landpaths.org/\">LandPaths\u003c/a>, a Sonoma County nonprofit that works with California State Parks, \u003ca href=\"http://www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/\">Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods\u003c/a>, and a diverse range of individuals and organizations to maintain the park under its “community-powered” model of stewardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LandPaths relies on the dedication of local nature lovers to keep this sprawling open space, known as the Willow Creek addition, accessible to the public. Although Willow Creek is part of Sonoma Coast State Park on paper, it remains separate, and unequal. The state can’t afford to maintain the property or pay rangers to monitor wildlife and the spread of \u003ca href=\"http://cisr.ucr.edu/sudden_oak_death.html\">sudden oak death\u003c/a>, the pathogenic fungus that’s decimating California’s iconic oak trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40081\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/phytophtora_ramorum/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40081\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Phytophtora_ramorum-305x253.png\" alt=\"sudden oak death\" title=\"Phytophtora_ramorum\" width=\"305\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40081\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fungus Phytophtora ramorum causes sudden oak death, which attacks oak trees in coastal California counties from Monterey to Humboldt. Scientists think \u003cem>P. ramorum \u003c/em>settles on oak trunks from nearby bay leaves during rains, infects bark through natural openings, then kills cells by blocking water and nutrient transport vessels. (Photo: Nicholls H: Stopping the Rot. PLoS Biol 2/7/2004: e213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020213)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where the permit program comes in. Though the park would be open to everyone without restriction in a perfect world, Hamill says, the ideal of a public state park for this parcel crumbled under the reality of the state’s spiraling budget crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most other state-funded entities in California, the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/NzVjY7\">fate of the state parks \u003c/a>hinges on Gov. Jerry Brown’s struggles to solve the state’s unprecedented budget crisis. Five Sonoma state parks were originally slated for closure, though \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20120612/articles/120619889?p=1&tc=pg\">recent agreements gave three parks\u003c/a> – Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, Jack London State Historic Park and Petaluma Adobe State Historic Park-- a reprieve, at least temporarily. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willow Creek permit program started in 2005, after a public-spirited coalition of groups led by the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District and the Trust for Public Land paid Mendocino Redwood Company, a Ukiah-based logging outfit, $22 million to turn the privately held Willow Creek watershed into a public resource. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state park system agreed to a novel partnership to protect the Willow Creek area on the condition that people gained access to the land right way. The original idea was to incorporate Willow Creek into the adjacent Sonoma Coast State Park’s jurisdiction. But Sonoma Park officials knew they couldn’t manage more responsibilities at that point, so they decided to experiment with a new model, teaming with a nonprofit outfit to create this “people powered” solution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to a grant from the \u003ca href=\"http://scc.ca.gov/\">Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, LandPaths developed the permit program to get people out on the landscape, not just as hikers, bikers, and equestrians but as stewards and managers. Sign up for the hour-long permit orientation, which happens once or twice a month, depending on the availability of staff and volunteers, and you learn a bit about the history of the park, the challenges of maintaining the land on a shoestring budget, and why your time, energy, and donations are critical to its preservation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40084\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/27/peoples-parks-protecting-open-spaces-for-everyone/trailinwillowcreek-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40084\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/trailinwillowcreek2-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"willow creek trail\" title=\"trailinwillowcreek\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40084\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willow Creek trails, including this old logging road, take hikers through redwood, Douglas fir, and oak forest as they climb from sea level to ridge tops at 1,300 feet with sweeping vistas of Sonoma County's expansive open spaces. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State park officials originally expected to take over management of the Willow Creek addition after four years, but that was before the global economic meltdown. Since then, permit holders can still access the land thanks almost entirely to their own generosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permit program ensures that anyone who’s motivated to attend an orientation can access the 15-mile network of trails and old logging roads anytime between sunrise and sunset. A permit buys you the code to the combination lock on the gate at the end of Freezeout Road just east of Duncans Mills and a pass for the Freezeout Flat parking area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the parking area, it’s a short walk to the so-called “Pressure Drop Trail,” a lung-busting climb (or exhilarating downhill on mountain bike) that winds through fern-covered forests with bays, oaks, old-growth redwoods, and Douglas fir and opens onto sloping ridge tops covered with tawny native grasses and sweeping views of nothing but nature. (Sure, we're part of nature but it's rejuvenating to gaze upon a landscape without power lines or houses as far as the eye can see.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Permits are free and good for the calendar year, though you can renew without another orientation. LandPaths asks only for donations, though Hamill encourages permit holders to leave a note at the Freezeout Flat access trailhead if you see any “blowdowns” (fallen trees on the trail), evidence of sudden oak death, damaged trail signs, or anything else that seems amiss. “We want permit holders to become the eyes and ears of the park,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if you fall in love with Willow Creek, consider donating funds to help keep the park open year-round. Or donate time and energy,” she urges. “We need all the help we can get.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Plan an Ocean-Friendly Staycation",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg\" alt=\"Ocean Beach, photographed by Max Braun\" title=\"OceanBeach\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39590\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer is here, along with summer vacations. In the spirit of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a> last week, I decided to research vacation ideas that offer a chance to actually help out the ocean. There are plenty of eco-friendly hotels and resorts out there, and more power to them. But my goal was to seek out more personal ocean interactions that support conservation efforts either directly or at least financially. String a few of these Bay Area activities together, and you've got yourself an ocean-friendly staycation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take an hour-long \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/visiting-us/docent-led-tours.html#.T9EU8JjNnhw\">docent-led tour at the Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>. You'll learn about the dangers local marine mammals face, and how the MMC works to rehabilitate injured and sick animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit a local beach with your smartphone and document sightings of wildlife and pollution for \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectnoah.org/missions/4975015\">Project Noah's California Coastal Wildlife Watch\u003c/a> project using their free app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go whale watching with a non-profit organization that supports conservation efforts like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceanicsociety.org/farallon\">Oceanic Society\u003c/a>, which runs trips year-round. I took a trip with these guys a couple of years ago to the Farallon Islands, and it was unforgettable. Whales and white sharks proved elusive, but we saw enormous jellies, a school of rare dolphins, and hundreds of birds. In cooperation with Cascadia Research, the Oceanic Society sponsors long-term humpack whale research in the Gulf of the Farallones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend a morning cleaning up a local beach. Check \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfsurfrider.org/news/calendar.htm\">Surfrider Foundation's calendar of beach cleanup dates\u003c/a> this summer, typically organized on weekends. BYO gloves, trash grabbers, and buckets if you've got them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit an aquarium and learn about marine species from around the world. Live animals are captivating, and your tickets help support important conservation and research work. The aquarium exhibits at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/aquarium/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> cover a very wide geographical spectrum (from the Philippines to the Amazon and California Coast). The\u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/efc/kelp.aspx\"> Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/plan-a-visit/explore-the-aquarium\">Aquarium of the Bay\u003c/a> at Pier 39 are great places to dive deeper into local Northern California ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participate in one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbaymsi.org/baylines.html\">Marine Science Institute's weekend programs\u003c/a>, which include tidal explorations, canoe paddles, and a shark day this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dine at sustainable seafood restaurants in San Francisco like \u003ca href=\"http://credosf.com/\">Credo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgreenburgers.com/\">Greenburger's\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://fogharbor.com/\">Fog Harbor Fish House\u003c/a>. Here's a more complete list which covers \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/pages/detail/432\">restaurants throughout the Bay Area certified by the San Francisco Seafood Watch Alliance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Further afield\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSee the largest mainland breeding colony in the world for the northern elephant seal at Año Nuevo, just an hour south of San Francisco on Highway 1. Make sure to check online for \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">seasonal access guidelines at Año Nuevo\u003c/a>, and between mid-December and March, to reserve your guided seal walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Head to southern California for a volunteer vacation on Catalina Island. You'll gain access to parts of the Island that are rarely seen by most visitors and contribute directly to efforts to protect and restore Catalina's ecology. Options range from a-la-carte opportunities to assist at the native plant nursery or clean up local beaches, to packages which include accommodation, some meals and transportation. Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/index.php?s=join&p=for_individuals\">volunteering with the Catalina Island Conservancy here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming soon: a companion post about ocean-friendly international trips where you can contribute to conservation efforts with your own two hands.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg\" alt=\"Ocean Beach, photographed by Max Braun\" title=\"OceanBeach\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39590\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/OceanBeach_MaxBraun_c-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer is here, along with summer vacations. In the spirit of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a> last week, I decided to research vacation ideas that offer a chance to actually help out the ocean. There are plenty of eco-friendly hotels and resorts out there, and more power to them. But my goal was to seek out more personal ocean interactions that support conservation efforts either directly or at least financially. String a few of these Bay Area activities together, and you've got yourself an ocean-friendly staycation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take an hour-long \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/visiting-us/docent-led-tours.html#.T9EU8JjNnhw\">docent-led tour at the Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>. You'll learn about the dangers local marine mammals face, and how the MMC works to rehabilitate injured and sick animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit a local beach with your smartphone and document sightings of wildlife and pollution for \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectnoah.org/missions/4975015\">Project Noah's California Coastal Wildlife Watch\u003c/a> project using their free app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go whale watching with a non-profit organization that supports conservation efforts like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceanicsociety.org/farallon\">Oceanic Society\u003c/a>, which runs trips year-round. I took a trip with these guys a couple of years ago to the Farallon Islands, and it was unforgettable. Whales and white sharks proved elusive, but we saw enormous jellies, a school of rare dolphins, and hundreds of birds. In cooperation with Cascadia Research, the Oceanic Society sponsors long-term humpack whale research in the Gulf of the Farallones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend a morning cleaning up a local beach. Check \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfsurfrider.org/news/calendar.htm\">Surfrider Foundation's calendar of beach cleanup dates\u003c/a> this summer, typically organized on weekends. BYO gloves, trash grabbers, and buckets if you've got them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit an aquarium and learn about marine species from around the world. Live animals are captivating, and your tickets help support important conservation and research work. The aquarium exhibits at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/aquarium/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> cover a very wide geographical spectrum (from the Philippines to the Amazon and California Coast). The\u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/efc/kelp.aspx\"> Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/plan-a-visit/explore-the-aquarium\">Aquarium of the Bay\u003c/a> at Pier 39 are great places to dive deeper into local Northern California ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participate in one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbaymsi.org/baylines.html\">Marine Science Institute's weekend programs\u003c/a>, which include tidal explorations, canoe paddles, and a shark day this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dine at sustainable seafood restaurants in San Francisco like \u003ca href=\"http://credosf.com/\">Credo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgreenburgers.com/\">Greenburger's\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://fogharbor.com/\">Fog Harbor Fish House\u003c/a>. Here's a more complete list which covers \u003ca href=\"http://aquariumofthebay.org/pages/detail/432\">restaurants throughout the Bay Area certified by the San Francisco Seafood Watch Alliance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Further afield\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSee the largest mainland breeding colony in the world for the northern elephant seal at Año Nuevo, just an hour south of San Francisco on Highway 1. Make sure to check online for \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">seasonal access guidelines at Año Nuevo\u003c/a>, and between mid-December and March, to reserve your guided seal walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Head to southern California for a volunteer vacation on Catalina Island. You'll gain access to parts of the Island that are rarely seen by most visitors and contribute directly to efforts to protect and restore Catalina's ecology. Options range from a-la-carte opportunities to assist at the native plant nursery or clean up local beaches, to packages which include accommodation, some meals and transportation. Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/index.php?s=join&p=for_individuals\">volunteering with the Catalina Island Conservancy here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming soon: a companion post about ocean-friendly international trips where you can contribute to conservation efforts with your own two hands.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Farmworkers Pay a Heavy Price for California's Bounty ",
"title": "Farmworkers Pay a Heavy Price for California's Bounty ",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39377\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/13/farmworkers-pay-a-heavy-price-for-californias-bounty/chandler_strawberries_carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39377\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39377\" title=\"Chandler strawberries \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Chandler_strawberries_carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"strawberries\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Next time you enjoy a bowl of fresh juicy strawberries, consider this: chances are, the farmworker who picked them for about $7.50 an hour comes home to toxic tap water tainted with chemicals used to grow them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I first came to California many years ago, it took me a long time to get used to the idea that I could buy fresh strawberries in the middle of winter. For this Pennsylvania girl, fresh strawberries meant late spring, time to hit the local farm stands with my mom, looking for the plumpest specimens for her light-as-air shortcake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well into adulthood, in fact, the taste of strawberries has--until recently--evoked that exhilarating moment when school let out, freedom beckoned, life seemed filled with possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, California has distinct growing seasons, too, but the mostly mild climate of the state’s agricultural regions allows farmers to harvest strawberries and corn in December; some crops, like oranges, broccoli, and avocados are grown year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's ability to raise fruits and vegetables all year helps feed the nation, and the state's nearly $40 billion agricultural industry has dominated America’s agricultural production for decades. To maintain this productivity, farmers use nitrogen fertilizers and waste manure from cows. Plants need nitrogen to grow, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.swhydro.arizona.edu/archive/V8_N4/feature2.pdf\">crops typically take up less than half\u003c/a> of all the nitrogen applied. The rest is released into the air, runs off into streams, or slowly percolates through the soil into the groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once in groundwater, nitrogen turns into compounds called nitrates. Studies link nitrates to thyroid dysfunction, various cancers, and miscarriage, though the evidence is inconclusive. But there’s little disagreement that nitrates pose a serious risk to infants, who can develop a potentially deadly disorder called “blue baby syndrome,” which starves tissues of oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nitrates turn toxic when bacteria in the gut and saliva turn them into nitrites. And because babies have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050177\">different community of microbes\u003c/a> in their guts than adults, including more nitrite-producing bacteria, they are far more vulnerable to nitrate exposures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials have long known that nitrates are one of the most widespread contaminants in the state’s groundwater. About 16 million people in California get their drinking water from groundwater sources. That’s why, in 2008, the Legislature required the state Water Resources Control Board to report on the causes of contamination and identify potential solutions. The water board contracted experts at UC Davis, who released their \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201203130850/a\">widely covered report\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://groundwaternitrate.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis researchers\u003c/a> looked at nitrate contamination in two of the prime agricultural regions in California, the Tulare Lake Basin and the Salinas Valley, where about 2.6 million people rely on groundwater. They found that agriculture accounts for 96% of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. More than a quarter of a million people in these regions may have nitrates in their drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39392\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/13/farmworkers-pay-a-heavy-price-for-californias-bounty/faucet/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39392\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39392\" title=\"Faucet\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Faucet-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"Faucet\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 250,000 people living in the Tulare Lake Basin and Salinas Valley can't drink their tap water because it's contaminated with nitrates. Most are low-income and Latino. (Photo: Benutzer:Alex Anlicker/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the poorest people in the state live in these agricultural areas. And many of those coping with tainted drinking water work in the fields that leach the nitrates, picking our produce, our strawberries, oranges and lemons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, I went to Tulare County for a \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-people-of-color-series-summary\">story for Environmental Health News\u003c/a> to speak with residents who've been struggling with nitrate contamination for years. Their taps dispense toxic water they can’t drink but they still have to pay for their monthly water bill. And then they have to buy bottled water from the grocery store or fill up five-gallon jugs from a water vending machine—something I’d wager most San Franciscans have never seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-and-people-of-color-nitrate-day-4\">One woman I spoke to\u003c/a>, a single mother of four named Bertha Dias, makes $7.50 an hour picking fruit. She pays nearly five times as much to have safe drinking water in her house than the average San Franciscan pays to drink water so pristine \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/03/26/MN279761.DTL\">Willie Brown famously bottled it\u003c/a> as Hetch Hetchy Mountain Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nitrate contamination problem has been covered before, including an \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/nitrate-contamination-spreading-california-communities\">in-depth investigation by California Watch\u003c/a> in 2010. Yet the problem hasn't gone away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-income people seeking safe drinking water throughout Tulare County are working with the Visalia-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\">Community Water Center\u003c/a> to find their own solutions. Potential solutions run from digging a new well to hooking up to a larger water system to installing filtration systems under the sink. But many measures are temporary fixes, until the state figures out how to deal with the problem over the long term--which the UC Davis study concluded would cost about $36 million a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, strawberries brought in more than three-quarters of a billion dollars for Salinas Valley farmers, resulting from a 10-year increase in consumer demand, Carolyn O'Donnell, communications director for the California Strawberry Commission, told a reporter for \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/article/20100623/BUSINESS/6230307/Strawberries-top-lettuce-Monterey-County-s-No-1-crop\">TheCalifornian.com\u003c/a>. She attributed the increased demand to better-tasting varieties that hold up better under shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Bay Area consumers can see Salinas Valley strawberries at their local grocery stores nearly anytime except winter, when shipments from Southern California pick up the slack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now when I think of strawberries, the romance is gone. I can't help but think of Bertha Dias and the other farmworkers like her, who spend long, hot days picking our fruit and vegetables out in the fields, only to come home to water they can't drink. They deserve better.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California farmworkers work long days for about $7.50 an hour to pick fruit in orchards doused with nitrogen fertilizers. A UC Davis study released in March found that nitrates from fertilizers and dairy waste have contaminated groundwater supplies. Because farmworkers live near the fields they work in, they're at high risk for nitrate-contaminated drinking water.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39377\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/13/farmworkers-pay-a-heavy-price-for-californias-bounty/chandler_strawberries_carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39377\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-39377\" title=\"Chandler strawberries \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Chandler_strawberries_carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"strawberries\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Next time you enjoy a bowl of fresh juicy strawberries, consider this: chances are, the farmworker who picked them for about $7.50 an hour comes home to toxic tap water tainted with chemicals used to grow them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I first came to California many years ago, it took me a long time to get used to the idea that I could buy fresh strawberries in the middle of winter. For this Pennsylvania girl, fresh strawberries meant late spring, time to hit the local farm stands with my mom, looking for the plumpest specimens for her light-as-air shortcake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well into adulthood, in fact, the taste of strawberries has--until recently--evoked that exhilarating moment when school let out, freedom beckoned, life seemed filled with possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, California has distinct growing seasons, too, but the mostly mild climate of the state’s agricultural regions allows farmers to harvest strawberries and corn in December; some crops, like oranges, broccoli, and avocados are grown year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's ability to raise fruits and vegetables all year helps feed the nation, and the state's nearly $40 billion agricultural industry has dominated America’s agricultural production for decades. To maintain this productivity, farmers use nitrogen fertilizers and waste manure from cows. Plants need nitrogen to grow, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.swhydro.arizona.edu/archive/V8_N4/feature2.pdf\">crops typically take up less than half\u003c/a> of all the nitrogen applied. The rest is released into the air, runs off into streams, or slowly percolates through the soil into the groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once in groundwater, nitrogen turns into compounds called nitrates. Studies link nitrates to thyroid dysfunction, various cancers, and miscarriage, though the evidence is inconclusive. But there’s little disagreement that nitrates pose a serious risk to infants, who can develop a potentially deadly disorder called “blue baby syndrome,” which starves tissues of oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nitrates turn toxic when bacteria in the gut and saliva turn them into nitrites. And because babies have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050177\">different community of microbes\u003c/a> in their guts than adults, including more nitrite-producing bacteria, they are far more vulnerable to nitrate exposures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials have long known that nitrates are one of the most widespread contaminants in the state’s groundwater. About 16 million people in California get their drinking water from groundwater sources. That’s why, in 2008, the Legislature required the state Water Resources Control Board to report on the causes of contamination and identify potential solutions. The water board contracted experts at UC Davis, who released their \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201203130850/a\">widely covered report\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://groundwaternitrate.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis researchers\u003c/a> looked at nitrate contamination in two of the prime agricultural regions in California, the Tulare Lake Basin and the Salinas Valley, where about 2.6 million people rely on groundwater. They found that agriculture accounts for 96% of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. More than a quarter of a million people in these regions may have nitrates in their drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39392\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/13/farmworkers-pay-a-heavy-price-for-californias-bounty/faucet/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39392\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39392\" title=\"Faucet\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Faucet-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"Faucet\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 250,000 people living in the Tulare Lake Basin and Salinas Valley can't drink their tap water because it's contaminated with nitrates. Most are low-income and Latino. (Photo: Benutzer:Alex Anlicker/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the poorest people in the state live in these agricultural areas. And many of those coping with tainted drinking water work in the fields that leach the nitrates, picking our produce, our strawberries, oranges and lemons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, I went to Tulare County for a \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-people-of-color-series-summary\">story for Environmental Health News\u003c/a> to speak with residents who've been struggling with nitrate contamination for years. Their taps dispense toxic water they can’t drink but they still have to pay for their monthly water bill. And then they have to buy bottled water from the grocery store or fill up five-gallon jugs from a water vending machine—something I’d wager most San Franciscans have never seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-and-people-of-color-nitrate-day-4\">One woman I spoke to\u003c/a>, a single mother of four named Bertha Dias, makes $7.50 an hour picking fruit. She pays nearly five times as much to have safe drinking water in her house than the average San Franciscan pays to drink water so pristine \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/03/26/MN279761.DTL\">Willie Brown famously bottled it\u003c/a> as Hetch Hetchy Mountain Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nitrate contamination problem has been covered before, including an \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/nitrate-contamination-spreading-california-communities\">in-depth investigation by California Watch\u003c/a> in 2010. Yet the problem hasn't gone away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-income people seeking safe drinking water throughout Tulare County are working with the Visalia-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\">Community Water Center\u003c/a> to find their own solutions. Potential solutions run from digging a new well to hooking up to a larger water system to installing filtration systems under the sink. But many measures are temporary fixes, until the state figures out how to deal with the problem over the long term--which the UC Davis study concluded would cost about $36 million a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, strawberries brought in more than three-quarters of a billion dollars for Salinas Valley farmers, resulting from a 10-year increase in consumer demand, Carolyn O'Donnell, communications director for the California Strawberry Commission, told a reporter for \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecalifornian.com/article/20100623/BUSINESS/6230307/Strawberries-top-lettuce-Monterey-County-s-No-1-crop\">TheCalifornian.com\u003c/a>. She attributed the increased demand to better-tasting varieties that hold up better under shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Bay Area consumers can see Salinas Valley strawberries at their local grocery stores nearly anytime except winter, when shipments from Southern California pick up the slack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now when I think of strawberries, the romance is gone. I can't help but think of Bertha Dias and the other farmworkers like her, who spend long, hot days picking our fruit and vegetables out in the fields, only to come home to water they can't drink. They deserve better.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Celebrate World Oceans Day Today",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/worldoceansday12/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39167\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39167\" title=\"WorldOceansDay12\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/WorldOceansDay12-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Oceans Day poster\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s your connection to our salty sea? We swim and surf its waves, live alongside its shores, gather fish, harness energy and harvest medicines from the ocean. Stretching back in time, the seas have created a habitable planet, sustained an amazing diversity of life, inspired us with their vast resources and fed us. It’s time to celebrate our briny deep and consider how we impact it and steps we can take to preserve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World Oceans Day is fairly new. It was celebrated for the first time on June 8\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, 2009 as designated by the \u003ca title=\"United Nations World Oceans Day\" href=\"http://www.un.org/en/events/oceansday/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations General Assembly\u003c/a>. It’s gaining traction as a world-wide celebration, and it’s kind of exciting -- like being in on the first Earth Day celebrations. World Oceans Day has the potential to draw worldwide attention to the oceans importance to our planet and how we can better care for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"World Oceans Day is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of oceans to humankind’s sustainable development. It is also a time to recognize the many severe challenges related to oceans.\"\u003c/strong> -- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on World Oceans Day, June 8, 2011\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s time we take a new look at what was once considered an unknowable place. The \u003ca href=\"http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/2010/gallery/global-water-volume.html\">United States Geologic Survey\u003c/a> (USGS) has produced a visually-powerful new graphic that shows how much water is on Earth -- which seems relatively small compared to the size of the planet. The large sphere of water represents Earth's total water volume, and according to USGS, \"includes all the water in the oceans, ice caps, lakes, and rivers, as well as groundwater, atmospheric water, and even the water in you, your dog, and your tomato plant.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second smaller sphere to the right represents \"liquid fresh water (groundwater, lakes, swamp water, and rivers).\" The tiny speck of water over Atlanta, Georgia represents \"fresh water in all the lakes and rivers on the planet, and most of the water people and life of earth need every day comes from these surface-water sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global water volume model by USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Global Water Volume \" width=\"640\" height=\"614\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39168\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-400x384.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s stunning to visualize our international, boundless seas contained in a sphere 35 miles high over the middle of our country. If the sphere were to “pop” and spread across the contiguous United States, each state would be covered in water 107 miles deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So take some time to find out your connections to the \u003ca href=\"http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/parks-and-nature-places/oceans/oceans-overview/\">oceans of the world\u003c/a>. From the \u003ca title=\"Surf Your Watershed interactive website, US EPA\" href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">watershed\u003c/a> you live in, to the \u003ca title=\"Seafood Watch Sustainable Seafood Choices, Monterey Bay Aquarium\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_whatsnew.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">fish on your dinner plate\u003c/a>, medicine in your cabinet and the very air you breathe, the ocean is part of our every day lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can celebrate our own inland sea, San Francisco Bay, this Saturday, June 9th with the annual \u003ca title=\"Sandcastle Contest website, City of Alameda, CA\" href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/Recreation/Sand-Castle\" target=\"_blank\">Sandcastle and Sculpture Contest\u003c/a> in Alameda. Or go to the \u003ca title=\"World Oceans Day official website\" href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">World Oceans Day website\u003c/a> to find out about other activities scheduled in our area. You can also find out how to help spread the word about this new day that commemorates the effort of creating a better ocean and world for the next generation. And be sure to get out for a walk on the beach and get some sand between your toes and the rumble of waves crashing in your ears. It’ll do you good!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/worldoceansday12/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39167\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39167\" title=\"WorldOceansDay12\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/WorldOceansDay12-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Oceans Day poster\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s your connection to our salty sea? We swim and surf its waves, live alongside its shores, gather fish, harness energy and harvest medicines from the ocean. Stretching back in time, the seas have created a habitable planet, sustained an amazing diversity of life, inspired us with their vast resources and fed us. It’s time to celebrate our briny deep and consider how we impact it and steps we can take to preserve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World Oceans Day is fairly new. It was celebrated for the first time on June 8\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, 2009 as designated by the \u003ca title=\"United Nations World Oceans Day\" href=\"http://www.un.org/en/events/oceansday/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations General Assembly\u003c/a>. It’s gaining traction as a world-wide celebration, and it’s kind of exciting -- like being in on the first Earth Day celebrations. World Oceans Day has the potential to draw worldwide attention to the oceans importance to our planet and how we can better care for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"World Oceans Day is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of oceans to humankind’s sustainable development. It is also a time to recognize the many severe challenges related to oceans.\"\u003c/strong> -- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on World Oceans Day, June 8, 2011\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s time we take a new look at what was once considered an unknowable place. The \u003ca href=\"http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/2010/gallery/global-water-volume.html\">United States Geologic Survey\u003c/a> (USGS) has produced a visually-powerful new graphic that shows how much water is on Earth -- which seems relatively small compared to the size of the planet. The large sphere of water represents Earth's total water volume, and according to USGS, \"includes all the water in the oceans, ice caps, lakes, and rivers, as well as groundwater, atmospheric water, and even the water in you, your dog, and your tomato plant.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second smaller sphere to the right represents \"liquid fresh water (groundwater, lakes, swamp water, and rivers).\" The tiny speck of water over Atlanta, Georgia represents \"fresh water in all the lakes and rivers on the planet, and most of the water people and life of earth need every day comes from these surface-water sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global water volume model by USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Global Water Volume \" width=\"640\" height=\"614\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39168\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-400x384.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s stunning to visualize our international, boundless seas contained in a sphere 35 miles high over the middle of our country. If the sphere were to “pop” and spread across the contiguous United States, each state would be covered in water 107 miles deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So take some time to find out your connections to the \u003ca href=\"http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/parks-and-nature-places/oceans/oceans-overview/\">oceans of the world\u003c/a>. From the \u003ca title=\"Surf Your Watershed interactive website, US EPA\" href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">watershed\u003c/a> you live in, to the \u003ca title=\"Seafood Watch Sustainable Seafood Choices, Monterey Bay Aquarium\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_whatsnew.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">fish on your dinner plate\u003c/a>, medicine in your cabinet and the very air you breathe, the ocean is part of our every day lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can celebrate our own inland sea, San Francisco Bay, this Saturday, June 9th with the annual \u003ca title=\"Sandcastle Contest website, City of Alameda, CA\" href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/Recreation/Sand-Castle\" target=\"_blank\">Sandcastle and Sculpture Contest\u003c/a> in Alameda. Or go to the \u003ca title=\"World Oceans Day official website\" href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">World Oceans Day website\u003c/a> to find out about other activities scheduled in our area. You can also find out how to help spread the word about this new day that commemorates the effort of creating a better ocean and world for the next generation. And be sure to get out for a walk on the beach and get some sand between your toes and the rumble of waves crashing in your ears. It’ll do you good!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38857\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"senator john dunlap\" title=\"dunlap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) championed wildlife conservation with the first legislation in the U.S. to protect mountain lions from hunting. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forty-two years ago, California’s mountain lions got a break from an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowell Dunn, the president of Vallejo’s Rod and Gun Club, wrote Assemblyman John Dunlap that he thought the time had come to stop shooting mountain lions. The hunter’s plea sparked the beginning of the end of state-sanctioned persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some 30 years of hunting deer, Dunn had seen a lion just twice. He wanted the chance to see another one, he told Dunlap, but worried the species might perish before he had the chance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hoped that somehow there’d be a way to continue the existence of the lion,\" recalls Dunlap. The 89-year-old Napa resident left the political stage more than three decades ago, but admits to enjoying a good political fight in his day, especially for a good cause. The hunter couldn’t have chosen a better legislative target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap, who started an eight-year run in the Assembly in 1966 and then served four years in the Senate, had always believed in preserving wildlife, he says. He readily embraced the lion's cause. “I recognized that we were invading their habitat, that there was a conflict, and that we needed a more thoughtful approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described “strong Democrat” and Sierra Club member, Dunlap won the big cat its first reprieve from hunters’ crosshairs with a moratorium on sport hunting, signed by then Gov. Ronald Reagan in 1971. The moratorium went into effect when the scheduled lion hunting season ended in February 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap met stiff opposition from livestock ranchers when he first introduced his bill, in 1970. But the next year he encountered less resistance, which he credits to a burgeoning ecological awareness and support from his district. He recalls that Starr Baldwin, famed editor of the St. Helena Star, told grape-growers at a local meeting they should welcome lions because they feed on deer and raccoons, no friends to grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Dunlap sought the support of the state Fish and Game Commission but quickly realized he’d better look elsewhere: “They were pretty much hunter dominated.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38866\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-with-lions/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-with-lions-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"john dunlap with lions\" title=\"dunlap with lions\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38866\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman John Dunlap made headlines after posing with his lion ambassadors, Huntley and Brinkley, at a Capitol press conference announcing his lion hunting moratorium bill in 1971. Lion handler John Harris keeps a watchful eye on his charges. (Photo courtesy of UPI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dunlap turned to wildlife preservation and conservation groups instead, but credits the lions themselves with ensuring the bill’s passage. His legislative assistant, Mike Gage, met two tame mountain lions at a meeting to build public support for the measure. “He got the idea that if we introduced the bill and had a press conference with the lions, that would be a great sendoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was grandstanding, but recognized that it did have value,” he adds. “And I had enough ego that I liked to show off, so we did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap took questions at his Capitol press conference flanked by two rather imposing lions. He admits the cats made him nervous, though they were leashed, with their handler a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap and his lions made the front page of nearly 20 daily California papers, plus the London Daily Mail, “for whatever that was worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, California enacted the first measure in the country to protect lions. It remains the only state to outlaw trophy hunting of lions, after residents voted twice to uphold the ban. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap has no illusions that trophy hunters will ever accept the notion that lions should be protected. Even so, he has little patience for Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards, who recently won notoriety by traveling to another state \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_19991115\">to kill a mountain lion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards bagged his trophy in Idaho, where such kills are legal and so, his defenders insist, no big deal. Had he killed a lion in California, he could have been fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to a year in jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap is not among his defenders. \"I certainly sympathize with trying to do something to point with shame,” he says. “I can’t say he doesn’t have a right to do it, but I don’t think it’s very good judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Richards’ days as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/internal-affairs/ci_20720732/internal-affairs-fish-and-game-honcho-still-has\">commission president could be numbered.\u003c/a> Last Wednesday, commissioners voted 4 to 1 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/regulations/2012/660ntc.pdf\">elect officers rather than allow succession\u003c/a> of the senior member. Richards cast the dissenting vote.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he never had the inclination to hunt, adding with a sly smile, “I was born without any wisdom teeth, which maybe shows I haven’t developed the hunter quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suppose killing animals is the way we used to survive to protect ourselves and get food,” he muses. “Now it’s a sport, and I would hope as time goes on we would find other things to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he wanted to protect the mountain lion not just to preserve a single species but to send a wake-up call to governments to protect the environment before it’s too late. “My idea was, when in doubt, preserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecosystems are complicated, he says. “If we screwed up the wrong ones at the wrong time it could end up threatening our own way of life and happiness, let alone existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dunlap pitched his mountain lion bill on the Assembly floor in 1970, he pointed out that in the early 1900s just two passenger pigeons remained in the world. “They were both male,” he says. “We woke up too late on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More than 40 years ago, Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) made conservation history when his mountain lion hunting moratorium passed the California Legislature and became law in 1971. He recalls the fight to pass the bill and his guiding principle, \"when in doubt, preserve.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38857\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"senator john dunlap\" title=\"dunlap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) championed wildlife conservation with the first legislation in the U.S. to protect mountain lions from hunting. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forty-two years ago, California’s mountain lions got a break from an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowell Dunn, the president of Vallejo’s Rod and Gun Club, wrote Assemblyman John Dunlap that he thought the time had come to stop shooting mountain lions. The hunter’s plea sparked the beginning of the end of state-sanctioned persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some 30 years of hunting deer, Dunn had seen a lion just twice. He wanted the chance to see another one, he told Dunlap, but worried the species might perish before he had the chance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hoped that somehow there’d be a way to continue the existence of the lion,\" recalls Dunlap. The 89-year-old Napa resident left the political stage more than three decades ago, but admits to enjoying a good political fight in his day, especially for a good cause. The hunter couldn’t have chosen a better legislative target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap, who started an eight-year run in the Assembly in 1966 and then served four years in the Senate, had always believed in preserving wildlife, he says. He readily embraced the lion's cause. “I recognized that we were invading their habitat, that there was a conflict, and that we needed a more thoughtful approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described “strong Democrat” and Sierra Club member, Dunlap won the big cat its first reprieve from hunters’ crosshairs with a moratorium on sport hunting, signed by then Gov. Ronald Reagan in 1971. The moratorium went into effect when the scheduled lion hunting season ended in February 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap met stiff opposition from livestock ranchers when he first introduced his bill, in 1970. But the next year he encountered less resistance, which he credits to a burgeoning ecological awareness and support from his district. He recalls that Starr Baldwin, famed editor of the St. Helena Star, told grape-growers at a local meeting they should welcome lions because they feed on deer and raccoons, no friends to grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Dunlap sought the support of the state Fish and Game Commission but quickly realized he’d better look elsewhere: “They were pretty much hunter dominated.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38866\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-with-lions/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-with-lions-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"john dunlap with lions\" title=\"dunlap with lions\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38866\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman John Dunlap made headlines after posing with his lion ambassadors, Huntley and Brinkley, at a Capitol press conference announcing his lion hunting moratorium bill in 1971. Lion handler John Harris keeps a watchful eye on his charges. (Photo courtesy of UPI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dunlap turned to wildlife preservation and conservation groups instead, but credits the lions themselves with ensuring the bill’s passage. His legislative assistant, Mike Gage, met two tame mountain lions at a meeting to build public support for the measure. “He got the idea that if we introduced the bill and had a press conference with the lions, that would be a great sendoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was grandstanding, but recognized that it did have value,” he adds. “And I had enough ego that I liked to show off, so we did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap took questions at his Capitol press conference flanked by two rather imposing lions. He admits the cats made him nervous, though they were leashed, with their handler a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap and his lions made the front page of nearly 20 daily California papers, plus the London Daily Mail, “for whatever that was worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, California enacted the first measure in the country to protect lions. It remains the only state to outlaw trophy hunting of lions, after residents voted twice to uphold the ban. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap has no illusions that trophy hunters will ever accept the notion that lions should be protected. Even so, he has little patience for Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards, who recently won notoriety by traveling to another state \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_19991115\">to kill a mountain lion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards bagged his trophy in Idaho, where such kills are legal and so, his defenders insist, no big deal. Had he killed a lion in California, he could have been fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to a year in jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap is not among his defenders. \"I certainly sympathize with trying to do something to point with shame,” he says. “I can’t say he doesn’t have a right to do it, but I don’t think it’s very good judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Richards’ days as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/internal-affairs/ci_20720732/internal-affairs-fish-and-game-honcho-still-has\">commission president could be numbered.\u003c/a> Last Wednesday, commissioners voted 4 to 1 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/regulations/2012/660ntc.pdf\">elect officers rather than allow succession\u003c/a> of the senior member. Richards cast the dissenting vote.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he never had the inclination to hunt, adding with a sly smile, “I was born without any wisdom teeth, which maybe shows I haven’t developed the hunter quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suppose killing animals is the way we used to survive to protect ourselves and get food,” he muses. “Now it’s a sport, and I would hope as time goes on we would find other things to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he wanted to protect the mountain lion not just to preserve a single species but to send a wake-up call to governments to protect the environment before it’s too late. “My idea was, when in doubt, preserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecosystems are complicated, he says. “If we screwed up the wrong ones at the wrong time it could end up threatening our own way of life and happiness, let alone existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dunlap pitched his mountain lion bill on the Assembly floor in 1970, he pointed out that in the early 1900s just two passenger pigeons remained in the world. “They were both male,” he says. “We woke up too late on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Energy-Saving Windows Get Smarter",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-28-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27273\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27273\" title=\"windowstestfac\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The window testing facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (Photo: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Windows may not be as sexy as solar panels or electric cars, but they play a major role in energy efficiency. Buildings are responsible for 40% of the country’s energy use, which is why researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://btech.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> are trying to improve windows by making them smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Berkeley Lab engineer Howdy Goudey demonstrates in his lab, studying windows involves some pretty complex physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we use an infrared camera to study heat transfer in windows,” he says, pointing to a normal-looking video camera that senses heat instead of visible light. Goudey uses the camera to study how windows lose energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, windows simply aren’t good insulators. They leak heat in the winter when we want a warm house and they let heat in during the summer. Many homes still have single-pane windows, which were the name of the game in the 1940s and 50s when California was booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when energy prices sky-rocketed in the 1970s. Double-pane windows became common. And then came double-pane windows with invisible coatings, which are twice as efficient. Today, they make up more than half of windows sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Low-e Windows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goudey demonstrates how they work by turning on two heat lamps. “You’ve seen them in a diner keeping food warm,\" he says, putting them behind two identical-looking double-pane windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stand in front of one window, which feels like standing in the sun. “But if you hold your hand to other one, compared to this one, it’s very dramatic,” Goudey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27278\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27278\" title=\"clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl--18C-21C\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An infrared image of two windows during winter conditions, as seen from the inside of a room. The window on the right has a low-e coating while the window on the left doesn't. Warmer temperatures mean a better insulating window. (Image: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second window is cooler because it has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/lowe.cfm\">low-emissivity coating\u003c/a>, or low-e, as its known. It’s an invisible layer of metal on the glass that acts as an insulator. And it does one more thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When sunlight shines directly through a window, it provides both light and heat. Most of us want light coming in, but heat is the last thing we want on a hot summer day. So, the coating on the window blocks the heat from the sun (in the form of infrared light), while letting in the visible light. This is known as solar gain. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Check out this guide\u003c/a> for more on what to look for when buying windows.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a few windows in a room with direct sun on them, its equivalent to running a little space heater. So it’s significant energy,” says Goudey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, on a cold winter day, the extra heat from sun would be helpful. “You’d actually like that solar energy to come in and help heat the space,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why researchers are working to develop a “smart” or dynamic window that can change based on the weather or temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Nanotechnology to Make Windows Smarter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"http://foundry.lbl.gov/\">Molecular Foundry\u003c/a>, Delia Milliron grows tiny nanocrystals that will eventually become a window coating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nanocrystals are very small,” says Milliron. “Way smaller than you can see with your eyes. And so that’s why when we spread them out in a coating on the window, you don’t see anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milliron’s coating is dynamic. In one setting, it lets in both the light and heat from the sun. But, apply an electric charge of a couple volts and the window blocks the heat from the sun, while still letting light in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these windows would be controlled by your heating and cooling system, which could adjust them based on the weather. Milliron and her team are currently working on the coating itself. Their next step is to build a full-scale prototype. Other companies also have similar kinds of dynamic windows in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Windows as Energy Suppliers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This changes the conversation about windows, says Stephen Selkowitz, head of building technologies at Berkeley Lab. Before, windows were energy losers. Now, windows could actually make buildings more efficient. And that means big cost savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we add up all the energy and economic impact of windows in the US, it costs building owners about $40 billion a year. And I’d rather have the $40 billion in my pocket than sort of sending it out the window,” says Selkowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart windows could start appearing in larger projects like office buildings next year and should be more widely available to homeowners in three to five years. But they could be twice as expensive as today's windows. Selkowitz expects the cost coming down as manufacturing ramps up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest expense in replacing windows is often the labor of replacing the window. And if you already decided to put a new window in, the marginal cost of going to a much better window is almost always worth it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, while it may be only a few tech-geeks that spring for smart windows at first, Selkowitz says that leads the way for the rest of us – and for new buildings codes, where technology can have a much broader impact.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-28-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27273\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27273\" title=\"windowstestfac\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The window testing facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (Photo: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Windows may not be as sexy as solar panels or electric cars, but they play a major role in energy efficiency. Buildings are responsible for 40% of the country’s energy use, which is why researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://btech.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> are trying to improve windows by making them smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Berkeley Lab engineer Howdy Goudey demonstrates in his lab, studying windows involves some pretty complex physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we use an infrared camera to study heat transfer in windows,” he says, pointing to a normal-looking video camera that senses heat instead of visible light. Goudey uses the camera to study how windows lose energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, windows simply aren’t good insulators. They leak heat in the winter when we want a warm house and they let heat in during the summer. Many homes still have single-pane windows, which were the name of the game in the 1940s and 50s when California was booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when energy prices sky-rocketed in the 1970s. Double-pane windows became common. And then came double-pane windows with invisible coatings, which are twice as efficient. Today, they make up more than half of windows sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Low-e Windows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goudey demonstrates how they work by turning on two heat lamps. “You’ve seen them in a diner keeping food warm,\" he says, putting them behind two identical-looking double-pane windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stand in front of one window, which feels like standing in the sun. “But if you hold your hand to other one, compared to this one, it’s very dramatic,” Goudey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27278\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27278\" title=\"clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl--18C-21C\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An infrared image of two windows during winter conditions, as seen from the inside of a room. The window on the right has a low-e coating while the window on the left doesn't. Warmer temperatures mean a better insulating window. (Image: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second window is cooler because it has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/lowe.cfm\">low-emissivity coating\u003c/a>, or low-e, as its known. It’s an invisible layer of metal on the glass that acts as an insulator. And it does one more thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When sunlight shines directly through a window, it provides both light and heat. Most of us want light coming in, but heat is the last thing we want on a hot summer day. So, the coating on the window blocks the heat from the sun (in the form of infrared light), while letting in the visible light. This is known as solar gain. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Check out this guide\u003c/a> for more on what to look for when buying windows.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a few windows in a room with direct sun on them, its equivalent to running a little space heater. So it’s significant energy,” says Goudey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, on a cold winter day, the extra heat from sun would be helpful. “You’d actually like that solar energy to come in and help heat the space,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why researchers are working to develop a “smart” or dynamic window that can change based on the weather or temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Nanotechnology to Make Windows Smarter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"http://foundry.lbl.gov/\">Molecular Foundry\u003c/a>, Delia Milliron grows tiny nanocrystals that will eventually become a window coating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nanocrystals are very small,” says Milliron. “Way smaller than you can see with your eyes. And so that’s why when we spread them out in a coating on the window, you don’t see anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milliron’s coating is dynamic. In one setting, it lets in both the light and heat from the sun. But, apply an electric charge of a couple volts and the window blocks the heat from the sun, while still letting light in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these windows would be controlled by your heating and cooling system, which could adjust them based on the weather. Milliron and her team are currently working on the coating itself. Their next step is to build a full-scale prototype. Other companies also have similar kinds of dynamic windows in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Windows as Energy Suppliers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This changes the conversation about windows, says Stephen Selkowitz, head of building technologies at Berkeley Lab. Before, windows were energy losers. Now, windows could actually make buildings more efficient. And that means big cost savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we add up all the energy and economic impact of windows in the US, it costs building owners about $40 billion a year. And I’d rather have the $40 billion in my pocket than sort of sending it out the window,” says Selkowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart windows could start appearing in larger projects like office buildings next year and should be more widely available to homeowners in three to five years. But they could be twice as expensive as today's windows. Selkowitz expects the cost coming down as manufacturing ramps up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest expense in replacing windows is often the labor of replacing the window. And if you already decided to put a new window in, the marginal cost of going to a much better window is almost always worth it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, while it may be only a few tech-geeks that spring for smart windows at first, Selkowitz says that leads the way for the rest of us – and for new buildings codes, where technology can have a much broader impact.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"order": 5
},
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
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