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It’s an entirely different story with solar installers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Flip Side: A Solar Installer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Sungevity’s Oakland headquarters, a team of sales people grabs maracas off their desks. “So the maraca shake happens when there’s a sale,” says Danny Kennedy, president of Sungevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sungevity is one part power company, one part internet startup. It designs residential solar systems virtually by using satellite photos of each house. Like online shopping, Sungevity makes a sale before a truck ever goes out. And sales have been good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We grew gangbusters in 2010. Doubled again in ‘11. Have continued to grow this year,” says Kennedy. That’s thanks to a new option for customers to lease a solar system, instead of buying it upfront. It’s also more affordable because panels are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something I think we should celebrate – the fact that we’re driving cost out of clean energy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sungevity buys panels from the US, Korea and from China. Even with the trade tariffs, prices are about the same because Chinese solar companies have found a loophole. The tariffs are only on solar cells, not the entire solar panel. So, the cells are manufactured offshore and put into panels in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kennedy says focusing on these manufacturing jobs is a mistake. The real green jobs are elsewhere. “There’s more job density in the sales, finance, installation and maintenance end of the value chain than there is in the factory. It’s probably a ratio of three to one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California leads the nation in solar jobs. Kennedy is concerned that a trade war with China would put them at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s crazy talk. 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SunPower has survived, but is just hoping to break even this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, several American solar panel companies filed a trade complaint against China, saying Chinese solar companies are getting illegal subsidies and are dumping panels on the US market. In May, the U.S. Commerce Department agreed and levied trade tariffs of 25 to 35 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Werner says while SunPower didn’t directly join the complaint, it does stand to gain. “Let’s just say it won’t hurt our pricing but I don’t know if it will be a big advantage. Having a trade war is definitely not good for the industry so we need to sort this out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar industry doesn’t need more bad news, says Werner, especially after the political scandal over one particular bankrupt solar company. “It’s amazing how many people know the name of that company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solyndra, that is. 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That’s thanks to a new option for customers to lease a solar system, instead of buying it upfront. It’s also more affordable because panels are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something I think we should celebrate – the fact that we’re driving cost out of clean energy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sungevity buys panels from the US, Korea and from China. Even with the trade tariffs, prices are about the same because Chinese solar companies have found a loophole. The tariffs are only on solar cells, not the entire solar panel. So, the cells are manufactured offshore and put into panels in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kennedy says focusing on these manufacturing jobs is a mistake. The real green jobs are elsewhere. “There’s more job density in the sales, finance, installation and maintenance end of the value chain than there is in the factory. It’s probably a ratio of three to one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California leads the nation in solar jobs. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/01/crowdsourcing-san-francisco-bay/alma1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46731\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/Alma1.jpg\" alt=\"Alma Shooner\" title=\"Alma Shooner\" width=\"630\" height=\"400\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-46731\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/Alma1.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/Alma1-400x254.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Photo: Joshua Cassidy\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historic scaw schooner that once hauled goods around San Francisco Bay is now part of an online crowdsourcing history project about the bay. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/spatialhistory/cgi-bin/site/index.php\">Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis\u003c/a> is asking people to dig out old photos, letters, maps and other documents about the bay and people who lived and worked on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.yearofthebay.org\">\"Year of the Bay-2013\"\u003c/a> and to help launch it the Alma schooner sailed today from the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park’s pier to Hunters Point, the site of where she was built in 1891.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/01/crowdsourcing-san-francisco-bay/img_0576-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46728\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/IMG_05761.jpg\" alt=\"Alma Schooner in Hunters Point\" title=\"Alma Schooner in Hunters Point\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-46728\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/IMG_05761.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/IMG_05761-400x223.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Photo: Joshua Cassidy\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new SF Bay history project is part of a big year coming up for the Bay which includes the America’s Cup Races, the opening of a new span of the Bay Bridge and the 150th anniversary of the Port of San Francisco. “Year of the Bay” will also be celebrated with an exhibit called “Curating the Bay” at the California Historical Society and an exhibit at the Oakland Museum.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/01/crowdsourcing-san-francisco-bay/alma1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46731\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/Alma1.jpg\" alt=\"Alma Shooner\" title=\"Alma Shooner\" width=\"630\" height=\"400\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-46731\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/Alma1.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/Alma1-400x254.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Photo: Joshua Cassidy\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historic scaw schooner that once hauled goods around San Francisco Bay is now part of an online crowdsourcing history project about the bay. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/spatialhistory/cgi-bin/site/index.php\">Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis\u003c/a> is asking people to dig out old photos, letters, maps and other documents about the bay and people who lived and worked on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.yearofthebay.org\">\"Year of the Bay-2013\"\u003c/a> and to help launch it the Alma schooner sailed today from the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park’s pier to Hunters Point, the site of where she was built in 1891.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/01/crowdsourcing-san-francisco-bay/img_0576-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46728\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/IMG_05761.jpg\" alt=\"Alma Schooner in Hunters Point\" title=\"Alma Schooner in Hunters Point\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-46728\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/IMG_05761.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/IMG_05761-400x223.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Photo: Joshua Cassidy\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new SF Bay history project is part of a big year coming up for the Bay which includes the America’s Cup Races, the opening of a new span of the Bay Bridge and the 150th anniversary of the Port of San Francisco. “Year of the Bay” will also be celebrated with an exhibit called “Curating the Bay” at the California Historical Society and an exhibit at the Oakland Museum.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46376\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 249px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Barn-Owl-cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Barn-Owl-cropped-249x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Barn Owl \" width=\"249\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-46376\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This downey barn owl chick gets a better look at his new home with Native Bird Connections. Photo by Carolyn Lie.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Halloween nears, my thoughts turn to our local, enchanted forest at \u003ca title=\"Redwood Regional Park, EBRPD\" href=\"http://test.ebparks.org/parks/redwood\">Redwood Regional Park\u003c/a>. After dark, it’s a whole different habitat with nocturnal animals prowling and flying while the daytime inhabitants sequester themselves for survival and sleep. A significant number of owl species can be found in the redwood forest, bay-oak woodland and chaparral habitats along either side of the canyon. In fact, a birder reported hearing or sighting six species of owls in the park on just one “Big Day” of birding back in September. His list included \u003ca title=\"Barn Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Barn.htm\">barn\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Western screech owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Western_Screech.htm\">Western screech\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Great Horned Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Great_Horned.htm\">great horned\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"N. Pygmy Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Northern_Pygmy.htm\">Northern pygmy\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Long Earred Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Long-eared.htm\">long-earred\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"N. Saw-whet Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Northern_Saw-whet.htm\">Northern saw-whet \u003c/a>owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, tonight we trekked into the dark, moist woodlands and I spent a few hours preparing to lead an \u003ca title=\"Owl Moon by Jane Yolen\" href=\"http://janeyolen.com/works/owl-moon/\">“Owl Moon” walk\u003c/a> for families in a couple of weeks. The cricket chorus was a backdrop of sound, echoing through the canyon. Our shoes squished quietly in the duff that had soaked up the first rain of the season. The breeze swayed the branches overhead and carried the sharp-fresh scent of bay leaves. I strained to hear any quiet metronome-like whooping of a saw-whet or accelerating \"bouncing ball\" call of the Western screech owl. We surprised a couple of deer who rushed across the trail and down into the creek. At several stops I tried my great horned owl call, hoping to get a response. The only reply was the quiet of a night alone in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46378\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/26/owls-around-us/northern_saw-wet_owl/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46378\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46378\" title=\"Northern_Saw-whet_Owl\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Northern_Saw-Wet_Owl-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saw-whet owls are well camoflauged and hard to find. Photo by http://www.flickr.com/photos/16452079@N03\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Further along the trail, we paused to listen. We noticed the last of the garden spiders with any impressive web stretched between two redwoods. Hooting into the darkness, we still got no reply. As we headed back toward the parking lot, talking quietly, we made one more stop under the trees by the creek. A large, dark shape soared close, just overhead. It silently flapped several times, and then glided into the darkness through the trees. No flash of white, and its size made it likely a great horned owl. Then, in the next meadow over, I heard the unmistakable screech of a barn owl. We called tonight a “two-owl” success!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46377\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/26/owls-around-us/ghowl/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46377\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46377\" title=\"Great Horned Owl\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/GHOWL-e1351136811562-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This wildlife ambassador, a Great Horned Owl, visits schools and libraries to help people learn more about nocturnal animals. Photo by Carolyn Lie.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can get out into your own local woodlands or park and try your luck at “\u003ca title=\"Introduction to Owling\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/introduction.htm\">owling.\u003c/a>” The fall and winter are actually good times to look and listen for owls. Some owls set up territories now or seek mates or even maintain their pair bonds, as most are monogamous and return year after year to the same nesting sites. Barn owls can be found in the city throughout the year and nest in palm trees and nest boxes. There are plenty of rodents for them to eat in our local parks and neighborhoods and they serve as important pest control species. Do them a favor by not using rat poisons as they can be killed by secondary poisoning. Join a night hike with one of the \u003ca title=\"Naturalist Activities, EBRPD\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/activities/naturalists\">East Bay Regional Parks naturalists\u003c/a> to learn more about the nocturnal inhabitants of the parks. You may even be inspired to improve your neighborhood for owls by constructing and installing an \u003ca title=\"Owl Pages - nest boxes\" href=\"http://www.owlpages.com/links.php?cat=Owls-Nest+Boxes\">owl nest box\u003c/a>. The photos used in this post by Carolyn Lie were provided through \u003ca title=\"Native Bird Connections website\" href=\"http://www.nativebirds.org/site2010/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Native Bird Connections\u003c/a> (NBC). NBC cares for injured raptors and bring ambassador, non-releasable animals to schools and other public facilities to help others learn more about these important wildlife species. You can join NBC and me on Sun., October 28 from 3-4pm in the \u003ca title=\"Owl Program at Alameda Free Library\" href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/Library/Calendar-of-Events?id=1850&a=20121028\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda Free Library\u003c/a> for a free program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46376\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 249px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Barn-Owl-cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Barn-Owl-cropped-249x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Barn Owl \" width=\"249\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-46376\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This downey barn owl chick gets a better look at his new home with Native Bird Connections. Photo by Carolyn Lie.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Halloween nears, my thoughts turn to our local, enchanted forest at \u003ca title=\"Redwood Regional Park, EBRPD\" href=\"http://test.ebparks.org/parks/redwood\">Redwood Regional Park\u003c/a>. After dark, it’s a whole different habitat with nocturnal animals prowling and flying while the daytime inhabitants sequester themselves for survival and sleep. A significant number of owl species can be found in the redwood forest, bay-oak woodland and chaparral habitats along either side of the canyon. In fact, a birder reported hearing or sighting six species of owls in the park on just one “Big Day” of birding back in September. His list included \u003ca title=\"Barn Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Barn.htm\">barn\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Western screech owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Western_Screech.htm\">Western screech\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Great Horned Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Great_Horned.htm\">great horned\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"N. Pygmy Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Northern_Pygmy.htm\">Northern pygmy\u003c/a>, \u003ca title=\"Long Earred Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Long-eared.htm\">long-earred\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"N. Saw-whet Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/Northern_Saw-whet.htm\">Northern saw-whet \u003c/a>owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, tonight we trekked into the dark, moist woodlands and I spent a few hours preparing to lead an \u003ca title=\"Owl Moon by Jane Yolen\" href=\"http://janeyolen.com/works/owl-moon/\">“Owl Moon” walk\u003c/a> for families in a couple of weeks. The cricket chorus was a backdrop of sound, echoing through the canyon. Our shoes squished quietly in the duff that had soaked up the first rain of the season. The breeze swayed the branches overhead and carried the sharp-fresh scent of bay leaves. I strained to hear any quiet metronome-like whooping of a saw-whet or accelerating \"bouncing ball\" call of the Western screech owl. We surprised a couple of deer who rushed across the trail and down into the creek. At several stops I tried my great horned owl call, hoping to get a response. The only reply was the quiet of a night alone in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46378\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/26/owls-around-us/northern_saw-wet_owl/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46378\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46378\" title=\"Northern_Saw-whet_Owl\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Northern_Saw-Wet_Owl-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saw-whet owls are well camoflauged and hard to find. Photo by http://www.flickr.com/photos/16452079@N03\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Further along the trail, we paused to listen. We noticed the last of the garden spiders with any impressive web stretched between two redwoods. Hooting into the darkness, we still got no reply. As we headed back toward the parking lot, talking quietly, we made one more stop under the trees by the creek. A large, dark shape soared close, just overhead. It silently flapped several times, and then glided into the darkness through the trees. No flash of white, and its size made it likely a great horned owl. Then, in the next meadow over, I heard the unmistakable screech of a barn owl. We called tonight a “two-owl” success!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46377\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/26/owls-around-us/ghowl/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46377\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46377\" title=\"Great Horned Owl\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/GHOWL-e1351136811562-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This wildlife ambassador, a Great Horned Owl, visits schools and libraries to help people learn more about nocturnal animals. Photo by Carolyn Lie.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can get out into your own local woodlands or park and try your luck at “\u003ca title=\"Introduction to Owling\" href=\"http://www.owling.com/introduction.htm\">owling.\u003c/a>” The fall and winter are actually good times to look and listen for owls. Some owls set up territories now or seek mates or even maintain their pair bonds, as most are monogamous and return year after year to the same nesting sites. Barn owls can be found in the city throughout the year and nest in palm trees and nest boxes. There are plenty of rodents for them to eat in our local parks and neighborhoods and they serve as important pest control species. Do them a favor by not using rat poisons as they can be killed by secondary poisoning. Join a night hike with one of the \u003ca title=\"Naturalist Activities, EBRPD\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/activities/naturalists\">East Bay Regional Parks naturalists\u003c/a> to learn more about the nocturnal inhabitants of the parks. You may even be inspired to improve your neighborhood for owls by constructing and installing an \u003ca title=\"Owl Pages - nest boxes\" href=\"http://www.owlpages.com/links.php?cat=Owls-Nest+Boxes\">owl nest box\u003c/a>. The photos used in this post by Carolyn Lie were provided through \u003ca title=\"Native Bird Connections website\" href=\"http://www.nativebirds.org/site2010/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Native Bird Connections\u003c/a> (NBC). NBC cares for injured raptors and bring ambassador, non-releasable animals to schools and other public facilities to help others learn more about these important wildlife species. You can join NBC and me on Sun., October 28 from 3-4pm in the \u003ca title=\"Owl Program at Alameda Free Library\" href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/Library/Calendar-of-Events?id=1850&a=20121028\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda Free Library\u003c/a> for a free program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Century-Old Battle Over Yosemite's 'Second Valley' Heats Up",
"title": "Century-Old Battle Over Yosemite's 'Second Valley' Heats Up",
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"content": "\u003cp>When San Francisco voters head to the polls in a few weeks, they’ll be weighing in on one of California’s oldest environmental battles. A large part of San Francisco’s water supply is stored inside a national park – in a reservoir built in Yosemite’s Hetch Hetchy Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists all the way back to John Muir have called on the city to store its water elsewhere so the valley can be restored. A November ballot measure would require the city to develop a plan to do that. But the battle over Hetch Hetchy is just as fierce today as it was a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s evident when you drive up to the entrance booth in Yosemite National Park on your way to Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The ranger hands you a brochure from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission that reads: “20th century engineering marvel. Hetch Hetchy Reservoir is the keystone of this clean, efficient water and power delivery system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why would a city agency pass out promotional pamphlets about a reservoir? Probably to respond to people like Mike Marshall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This belongs to the American people. And what we can do – what San Francisco can be leaders in is draining this and bringing this incredible place back to life,” says Marshall, director of Restore Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group has a singular goal: drain the reservoir and make the valley a second Yosemite Valley. And for the first time in decades, that goal is in reach. Measure F on the San Francisco ballot would require the public utilities commission to draw up a plan, at the cost of $8 million, for draining the reservoir and finding new water storage. In 2016, that plan would go before San Francisco voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45701\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/HetchHistoric.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45701\" title=\"HetchHistoric\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/HetchHistoric.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Valley in 1906. Photo: USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We thought ‘what a great debate to have.’ Now that we know what we know, should we revisit a decision 100 years ago that had huge environmental consequences?” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of a Valley Turned Reservoir\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite was already a national park when San Francisco went looking for a reliable water supply a century ago. The idea for a new reservoir didn’t get much traction until the 1906 earthquake, when much of the city burned to the ground. “They used that as a rallying cry and it was a huge battle in Congress,” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalist John Muir led the fight against it. He wrote about the valley’s sheer granite cliffs and scenic waterfalls, calling it a twin to Yosemite Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he lost, and San Francisco began building the O’Shaughnessy dam in 1914 to collect water from the Tuolumne River. “Although they lost the battle, they launched a national environmental movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the valley is under 300 feet of water, which supplies two and a half million people in San Francisco and cities around Silicon Valley. But the battle over Hetch Hetchy never really went away. In 1955, Sierra Club director David Brower made a film called “\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/47620162\">Two Yosemites\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1988, the National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/nps_hh_restoration.pdf\">released a study\u003c/a> about what would happen to the landscape if the reservoir was drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a year of the river reclaiming itself, you’ll start to see green meadows along the banks. And within a few years you’ll start to see saplings and trees come up,” Marshall says. Within 50 years, the report says, oak woodlands would return and pine trees would be 50 feet tall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there’s the question of what happens to the water supply. Marshall says it can be stored elsewhere. “People mistakenly believe Hetch Hetchy is our only reservoir. It’s one of nine reservoirs. So what our initiative does is ask San Francisco to plan to consolidate from nine to eight reservoirs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall says by expanding other reservoirs, using underground storage and recycling more water, San Francisco could make up for Hetch Hetchy’s storage. “We don’t recycle any water. We’ve stopped, for all intents and purposes, using groundwater, except for a little bit. Those are things we’re going to have to do anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Things Were Different Then'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at recycled water. We are building recycled water plants. We are building groundwater pumping wells,” says Michael Carlin, deputy general manager of the San Francisco PUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45703\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/DSC00377.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45703\" title=\"DSC00377\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/DSC00377.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tuolumne River emerges below the O’Shaughnessy dam.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at all those things. And to say, gee whiz, you also should just plan that your system is gone... doesn’t make any sense.” As a public employee, Carlin says he can’t take a position on the issue, but he has concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy system is reliable, he says. The water is so clean, it doesn’t require filtration. And the PUC doesn’t own all the reservoirs in the system, so Carlin says they’d have to rely on other water districts if the reservoir was drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking them if they’re willing to store San Francisco’s water there, the answer that we’ve gotten from them at least is no,” says Carlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the cost. Studies throughout the years have put it between one and 10 billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC has never studied it, but Carlin doubts that would help. “There have been extensive studies in the past. They have come to the same conclusion which is just a set of questions. And the issue is whether any additional study will just lead you to the same set of questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure has a number of opponents: San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee, Senator Dianne Feinstein and the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, who say it’s a huge risk, because businesses depend on reliable water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were to propose building this reservoir today in a national park, chances are it wouldn’t happen. But it happened in 1913. Things were different then,” Carlin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On November 6th, San Francisco voters will decide if they want to take a step toward rewriting that history.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One of California's oldest environmental battles is on the San Francisco ballot. Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park holds most of San Francisco's water supply. But some environmental groups want to turn back the clock.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When San Francisco voters head to the polls in a few weeks, they’ll be weighing in on one of California’s oldest environmental battles. A large part of San Francisco’s water supply is stored inside a national park – in a reservoir built in Yosemite’s Hetch Hetchy Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists all the way back to John Muir have called on the city to store its water elsewhere so the valley can be restored. A November ballot measure would require the city to develop a plan to do that. But the battle over Hetch Hetchy is just as fierce today as it was a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s evident when you drive up to the entrance booth in Yosemite National Park on your way to Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The ranger hands you a brochure from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission that reads: “20th century engineering marvel. Hetch Hetchy Reservoir is the keystone of this clean, efficient water and power delivery system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why would a city agency pass out promotional pamphlets about a reservoir? Probably to respond to people like Mike Marshall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This belongs to the American people. And what we can do – what San Francisco can be leaders in is draining this and bringing this incredible place back to life,” says Marshall, director of Restore Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group has a singular goal: drain the reservoir and make the valley a second Yosemite Valley. And for the first time in decades, that goal is in reach. Measure F on the San Francisco ballot would require the public utilities commission to draw up a plan, at the cost of $8 million, for draining the reservoir and finding new water storage. In 2016, that plan would go before San Francisco voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45701\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/HetchHistoric.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45701\" title=\"HetchHistoric\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/HetchHistoric.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Valley in 1906. Photo: USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We thought ‘what a great debate to have.’ Now that we know what we know, should we revisit a decision 100 years ago that had huge environmental consequences?” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of a Valley Turned Reservoir\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite was already a national park when San Francisco went looking for a reliable water supply a century ago. The idea for a new reservoir didn’t get much traction until the 1906 earthquake, when much of the city burned to the ground. “They used that as a rallying cry and it was a huge battle in Congress,” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalist John Muir led the fight against it. He wrote about the valley’s sheer granite cliffs and scenic waterfalls, calling it a twin to Yosemite Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he lost, and San Francisco began building the O’Shaughnessy dam in 1914 to collect water from the Tuolumne River. “Although they lost the battle, they launched a national environmental movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the valley is under 300 feet of water, which supplies two and a half million people in San Francisco and cities around Silicon Valley. But the battle over Hetch Hetchy never really went away. In 1955, Sierra Club director David Brower made a film called “\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/47620162\">Two Yosemites\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1988, the National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/nps_hh_restoration.pdf\">released a study\u003c/a> about what would happen to the landscape if the reservoir was drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a year of the river reclaiming itself, you’ll start to see green meadows along the banks. And within a few years you’ll start to see saplings and trees come up,” Marshall says. Within 50 years, the report says, oak woodlands would return and pine trees would be 50 feet tall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there’s the question of what happens to the water supply. Marshall says it can be stored elsewhere. “People mistakenly believe Hetch Hetchy is our only reservoir. It’s one of nine reservoirs. So what our initiative does is ask San Francisco to plan to consolidate from nine to eight reservoirs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall says by expanding other reservoirs, using underground storage and recycling more water, San Francisco could make up for Hetch Hetchy’s storage. “We don’t recycle any water. We’ve stopped, for all intents and purposes, using groundwater, except for a little bit. Those are things we’re going to have to do anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Things Were Different Then'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at recycled water. We are building recycled water plants. We are building groundwater pumping wells,” says Michael Carlin, deputy general manager of the San Francisco PUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45703\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/DSC00377.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45703\" title=\"DSC00377\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/DSC00377.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tuolumne River emerges below the O’Shaughnessy dam.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at all those things. And to say, gee whiz, you also should just plan that your system is gone... doesn’t make any sense.” As a public employee, Carlin says he can’t take a position on the issue, but he has concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy system is reliable, he says. The water is so clean, it doesn’t require filtration. And the PUC doesn’t own all the reservoirs in the system, so Carlin says they’d have to rely on other water districts if the reservoir was drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking them if they’re willing to store San Francisco’s water there, the answer that we’ve gotten from them at least is no,” says Carlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the cost. Studies throughout the years have put it between one and 10 billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC has never studied it, but Carlin doubts that would help. “There have been extensive studies in the past. They have come to the same conclusion which is just a set of questions. And the issue is whether any additional study will just lead you to the same set of questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure has a number of opponents: San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee, Senator Dianne Feinstein and the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, who say it’s a huge risk, because businesses depend on reliable water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were to propose building this reservoir today in a national park, chances are it wouldn’t happen. But it happened in 1913. Things were different then,” Carlin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On November 6th, San Francisco voters will decide if they want to take a step toward rewriting that history.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Coastal Cleanup by the Numbers",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/14/coastal-cleanup-by-the-numbers/800px-marine_dbris_0001/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43956\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43956 \" title=\"Marine Debris\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/800px-Marine_dbris_0001.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic bottle\" width=\"640\" height=\"364\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one day this weekend, as they have for the last 25 years, hundreds of thousands of volunteers around the world will gather on beaches, rivers, lakes, and streams to collect and document shoreline trash during the annual \u003ca title=\"Ocean Conservancy Coastal Cleanup website\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/international-coastal-cleanup-11.html\" target=\"_blank\">International Coastal Cleanup\u003c/a> event. By the numbers, here’s some of what they’ve picked up over the years:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over \u003cstrong>one million\u003c/strong> beverage bottles each year\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7,825,319\u003c/strong> plastic bags with over \u003cstrong>1 million\u003c/strong> in 2009 alone\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly \u003cstrong>53 MILLION\u003c/strong> cigarette butts\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enough cups, plates, knives, forks, and spoons for a picnic for \u003cstrong>100,000\u003c/strong> people just in 2009\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>144 million\u003c/strong> pounds of trash equivalent in weight to \u003cstrong>41,210\u003c/strong> sedans\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/14/coastal-cleanup-by-the-numbers/waste_on_beach/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43957\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43957\" title=\"Waste_on_beach\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Waste_on_beach-450x191.jpg\" alt=\"Waste on the beach\" width=\"450\" height=\"191\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data generated by the \u003ca title=\"Coast Cleanup data\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd3.html\" target=\"_blank\">annual coastal cleanup\u003c/a> event has been key in developing both new policies to better protect the environment and innovative products and technologies to reduce the amount of waste that can end up in our waterways. Check out the Ocean Conservancy’s \u003ca title=\"Ocean Conservancy website\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/international-coastal-cleanup-11.html\" target=\"_blank\">2011 Marine Debris Report\u003c/a> (see the \"Dive Deeper\" section) for some heartening statistics and stories. They crunch the numbers from all the data cards volunteers generate from the cleanup each year. Innovations reported include the development of new six-pack rings designed to break apart and photo-degrade in 3-4 weeks during summer, and 3-4 months during winter. This can help reduce wildlife deaths from entanglement. Also, they report over 9 million miles of fishing line have been recycled since 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locally, Donna Cuoco, long-time secretary at Crown Memorial State Beach, has made a difference by getting grant money to install cigarette butt disposal bins along the beach. This has helped keep hundreds of thousands of butts from becoming litter that’s a hazard to migratory birds and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/14/coastal-cleanup-by-the-numbers/filthy_habit_by_sillyputtyenemies-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43963\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43963\" title=\"Filthy_Habit_by_SillyPuttyEnemies\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Filthy_Habit_by_SillyPuttyEnemies1-324x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cigarette Butt\" width=\"324\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So be a hero and join a \u003ca title=\"Coastal Cleanup Events by County\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html#coordinators\" target=\"_blank\">cleanup event\u003c/a> tomorrow. You can also take the \u003ca title=\"Trash Free Seas Pledge from Ocean Conservancy\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/trash-free-seas-icc-2012.html?gclid=CMOl-eHKsbICFcKDQgod_RgAPQ\" target=\"_blank\">Trash Free Seas pledge\u003c/a> and become a \u003ca title=\"Ocean Conservancy Recycling Ninja\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/this-months-thing-become-a.html\" target=\"_blank\">Recycling Ninja\u003c/a> with a cool downloadable wallet recycling guide or find out about where you can recycle many different items close to home with this \u003ca title=\"Stopwaste.org recycling database\" href=\"http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=36\" target=\"_blank\">database from Stopwaste.org\u003c/a>. Together we can better protect and enjoy the Bay and oceans we love.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/14/coastal-cleanup-by-the-numbers/800px-marine_dbris_0001/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43956\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43956 \" title=\"Marine Debris\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/800px-Marine_dbris_0001.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic bottle\" width=\"640\" height=\"364\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one day this weekend, as they have for the last 25 years, hundreds of thousands of volunteers around the world will gather on beaches, rivers, lakes, and streams to collect and document shoreline trash during the annual \u003ca title=\"Ocean Conservancy Coastal Cleanup website\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/international-coastal-cleanup-11.html\" target=\"_blank\">International Coastal Cleanup\u003c/a> event. By the numbers, here’s some of what they’ve picked up over the years:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over \u003cstrong>one million\u003c/strong> beverage bottles each year\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7,825,319\u003c/strong> plastic bags with over \u003cstrong>1 million\u003c/strong> in 2009 alone\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly \u003cstrong>53 MILLION\u003c/strong> cigarette butts\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enough cups, plates, knives, forks, and spoons for a picnic for \u003cstrong>100,000\u003c/strong> people just in 2009\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>144 million\u003c/strong> pounds of trash equivalent in weight to \u003cstrong>41,210\u003c/strong> sedans\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/14/coastal-cleanup-by-the-numbers/waste_on_beach/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43957\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43957\" title=\"Waste_on_beach\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Waste_on_beach-450x191.jpg\" alt=\"Waste on the beach\" width=\"450\" height=\"191\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data generated by the \u003ca title=\"Coast Cleanup data\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd3.html\" target=\"_blank\">annual coastal cleanup\u003c/a> event has been key in developing both new policies to better protect the environment and innovative products and technologies to reduce the amount of waste that can end up in our waterways. Check out the Ocean Conservancy’s \u003ca title=\"Ocean Conservancy website\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/international-coastal-cleanup-11.html\" target=\"_blank\">2011 Marine Debris Report\u003c/a> (see the \"Dive Deeper\" section) for some heartening statistics and stories. They crunch the numbers from all the data cards volunteers generate from the cleanup each year. Innovations reported include the development of new six-pack rings designed to break apart and photo-degrade in 3-4 weeks during summer, and 3-4 months during winter. This can help reduce wildlife deaths from entanglement. Also, they report over 9 million miles of fishing line have been recycled since 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locally, Donna Cuoco, long-time secretary at Crown Memorial State Beach, has made a difference by getting grant money to install cigarette butt disposal bins along the beach. This has helped keep hundreds of thousands of butts from becoming litter that’s a hazard to migratory birds and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/14/coastal-cleanup-by-the-numbers/filthy_habit_by_sillyputtyenemies-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43963\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43963\" title=\"Filthy_Habit_by_SillyPuttyEnemies\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Filthy_Habit_by_SillyPuttyEnemies1-324x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cigarette Butt\" width=\"324\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So be a hero and join a \u003ca title=\"Coastal Cleanup Events by County\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html#coordinators\" target=\"_blank\">cleanup event\u003c/a> tomorrow. You can also take the \u003ca title=\"Trash Free Seas Pledge from Ocean Conservancy\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/trash-free-seas-icc-2012.html?gclid=CMOl-eHKsbICFcKDQgod_RgAPQ\" target=\"_blank\">Trash Free Seas pledge\u003c/a> and become a \u003ca title=\"Ocean Conservancy Recycling Ninja\" href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/this-months-thing-become-a.html\" target=\"_blank\">Recycling Ninja\u003c/a> with a cool downloadable wallet recycling guide or find out about where you can recycle many different items close to home with this \u003ca title=\"Stopwaste.org recycling database\" href=\"http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=36\" target=\"_blank\">database from Stopwaste.org\u003c/a>. Together we can better protect and enjoy the Bay and oceans we love.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://plus.google.com/100526514195087244555\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a> is hosting its very first Google+ Hangout On Air round table discussion about the proposed expansion of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary from 1-2PM PDT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the area will increase by just 1%, the sanctuary isn’t just any small patch of ocean water. It’s the busiest, most high-profile \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/12/expanding-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-%E2%80%93-round-table-discussion-on-google/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=expanding-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-%25e2%2580%2593-round-table-discussion-on-google\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/12/expanding-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-%E2%80%93-round-table-discussion-on-google/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=expanding-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-%25e2%2580%2593-round-table-discussion-on-google\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Expanding Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary – Round Table Discussion on Google+\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED QUEST » Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://plus.google.com/100526514195087244555\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED SCIENCE\u003c/a> is hosting its very first Google+ Hangout On Air round table discussion about the proposed expansion of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary from 1-2PM PDT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the area will increase by just 1%, the sanctuary isn’t just any small patch of ocean water. It’s the busiest, most high-profile \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/12/expanding-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-%E2%80%93-round-table-discussion-on-google/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=expanding-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-%25e2%2580%2593-round-table-discussion-on-google\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/12/expanding-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-%E2%80%93-round-table-discussion-on-google/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=expanding-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-%25e2%2580%2593-round-table-discussion-on-google\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Expanding Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary – Round Table Discussion on Google+\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED QUEST » Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Facebook and Frank Gehry: Will the New Building Be A Marriage of Sustainability?",
"title": "Facebook and Frank Gehry: Will the New Building Be A Marriage of Sustainability?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43318\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/04/facebook-and-frank-gehry-will-the-new-building-be-a-marriage-of-sustainability/facebook/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43318\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/facebook.jpg\" alt=\"facebook's new building\" title=\"facebook\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43318\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/facebook.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/facebook-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook's New Building - Frank Gehry/Gehry Partners\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Facebook hired \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gehry\" title=\"Wikipedia - Frank Gehry\">Frank Gehry\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-menlo-park/unveiling-our-campus-expansion/408653002515369\" title=\"Facebook - Campus Expansion\">design its new building\u003c/a>. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given its \u003ca href=\"http://www.examiner.com/article/facebook-stock-drops-to-all-time-low\" title=\"Examiner - Facebook Stock\">plummeting stock price\u003c/a>, the company was probably pleased to find an architect who prides himself on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/11/business/11gehry.html?pagewanted=all\" title=\"NYT - Keeping Buildings On Budget\">staying within budget\u003c/a>. But if the 'book wanted a green building (and who'd dare to build in the Bay Area without \"a big emphasis on being eco-friendly\"?), Gehry is a less than obvious choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gehry\" title=\"Wikipedia - Frank Gehry\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>, \"Much of Gehry's work falls within the style of Deconstructivism, which is often referred to as post-structuralist in nature for its ability to go beyond current modalities of structural definition.\" (Stop laughing, this is serious!) \"In architecture, its application tends to depart from modernism in its inherent criticism of culturally inherited givens such as societal goals and functional necessity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43320\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/04/facebook-and-frank-gehry-will-the-new-building-be-a-marriage-of-sustainability/800px-aerial_view_of_empsfm/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43320\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/800px-Aerial_view_of_EMPSFM-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Experience Music Project\" title=\"800px-Aerial_view_of_EMPSFM\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Experience Music Project in Seattle, designed by Frank Gehry. Source: EMP|SFM Archive\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's hard to imagine a style that rejects societal goals and functional necessity meshing with any kind of environmentalism. On the other hand, \"green building\" covers a panoply of potential architectural attributes, so maybe there's room for overlap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gehry has a history of appreciating everyday building materials, like plywood and metal, which could be relatively sustainable if recycled and/or sourced locally. (Eco-pop quiz: would it be \"green\" to import recycled material from China?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real rabbit hole of green building is energy use. Do you install uber-efficient air conditioners or none at all? Is it more important to make the building as efficient as possible or go for broke on generating clean energy? Is it better to source your energy from solar, wind, or tidal? (Okay, I don't know of any tidal-run building. But it would be cool.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the question of water usage, especially in California. Low-flow toilets are obviously a good idea--\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Low-flow-toilets-cause-a-stink-in-SF-2457645.php\" title=\"SF Gate - Low-Flow Toilets\">except when they're not\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeriscaping\" title=\"Wikipedia - Xeriscaping\">Xeriscaping\u003c/a> seems like a no-brainer--but do you plant natives or hardy imports? Is it worth adding some water-guzzlers if they're great at carbon capture? And what about a vegetable garden that requires more water, but provides food in return?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/04/facebook-and-frank-gehry-will-the-new-building-be-a-marriage-of-sustainability/sustainable_design/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43321\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/sustainable_design-450x241.jpg\" alt=\"Cal Academy\" title=\"sustainable_design\" width=\"450\" height=\"241\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43321\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the options and hidden costs can be bewildering. So it's tempting to turn to a rating system that integrates measures of sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection and indoor environmental quality into \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1988\" title=\"LEED\">a single shiny metallic scale\u003c/a>. Eco-friendly buildings can get a LEED rating from Certified to Silver to Gold to Platinum based on how many points they rack up in all these areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Gehry has \u003ca href=\"http://www.good.is/post/frank-gehry-comes-around-to-building-green/\" title=\"Good.is - Frank Gehry\">expressed some reasonable doubts\u003c/a> about the value of LEED certification. And Facebook hasn't said anything about aiming for Platinum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Gehry's going green, he'll probably do it in his own way. He doesn't seem to like any kind of label, even deconstructivism. In 1998, he was featured in one of Apple's \"Think Different\" ads. Now that Facebook has brought him back to Silicon Valley, this may be an opportunity to make something new at the intersection of technology, architecture, and environmentalism. I for one am curious to see what comes of it.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43318\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/04/facebook-and-frank-gehry-will-the-new-building-be-a-marriage-of-sustainability/facebook/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43318\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/facebook.jpg\" alt=\"facebook's new building\" title=\"facebook\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43318\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/facebook.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/facebook-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook's New Building - Frank Gehry/Gehry Partners\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Facebook hired \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gehry\" title=\"Wikipedia - Frank Gehry\">Frank Gehry\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-menlo-park/unveiling-our-campus-expansion/408653002515369\" title=\"Facebook - Campus Expansion\">design its new building\u003c/a>. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given its \u003ca href=\"http://www.examiner.com/article/facebook-stock-drops-to-all-time-low\" title=\"Examiner - Facebook Stock\">plummeting stock price\u003c/a>, the company was probably pleased to find an architect who prides himself on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/11/business/11gehry.html?pagewanted=all\" title=\"NYT - Keeping Buildings On Budget\">staying within budget\u003c/a>. But if the 'book wanted a green building (and who'd dare to build in the Bay Area without \"a big emphasis on being eco-friendly\"?), Gehry is a less than obvious choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gehry\" title=\"Wikipedia - Frank Gehry\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>, \"Much of Gehry's work falls within the style of Deconstructivism, which is often referred to as post-structuralist in nature for its ability to go beyond current modalities of structural definition.\" (Stop laughing, this is serious!) \"In architecture, its application tends to depart from modernism in its inherent criticism of culturally inherited givens such as societal goals and functional necessity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43320\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/04/facebook-and-frank-gehry-will-the-new-building-be-a-marriage-of-sustainability/800px-aerial_view_of_empsfm/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43320\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/800px-Aerial_view_of_EMPSFM-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Experience Music Project\" title=\"800px-Aerial_view_of_EMPSFM\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Experience Music Project in Seattle, designed by Frank Gehry. Source: EMP|SFM Archive\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's hard to imagine a style that rejects societal goals and functional necessity meshing with any kind of environmentalism. On the other hand, \"green building\" covers a panoply of potential architectural attributes, so maybe there's room for overlap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gehry has a history of appreciating everyday building materials, like plywood and metal, which could be relatively sustainable if recycled and/or sourced locally. (Eco-pop quiz: would it be \"green\" to import recycled material from China?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real rabbit hole of green building is energy use. Do you install uber-efficient air conditioners or none at all? Is it more important to make the building as efficient as possible or go for broke on generating clean energy? Is it better to source your energy from solar, wind, or tidal? (Okay, I don't know of any tidal-run building. But it would be cool.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the question of water usage, especially in California. Low-flow toilets are obviously a good idea--\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Low-flow-toilets-cause-a-stink-in-SF-2457645.php\" title=\"SF Gate - Low-Flow Toilets\">except when they're not\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeriscaping\" title=\"Wikipedia - Xeriscaping\">Xeriscaping\u003c/a> seems like a no-brainer--but do you plant natives or hardy imports? Is it worth adding some water-guzzlers if they're great at carbon capture? And what about a vegetable garden that requires more water, but provides food in return?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/04/facebook-and-frank-gehry-will-the-new-building-be-a-marriage-of-sustainability/sustainable_design/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43321\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/sustainable_design-450x241.jpg\" alt=\"Cal Academy\" title=\"sustainable_design\" width=\"450\" height=\"241\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43321\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the options and hidden costs can be bewildering. So it's tempting to turn to a rating system that integrates measures of sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection and indoor environmental quality into \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1988\" title=\"LEED\">a single shiny metallic scale\u003c/a>. Eco-friendly buildings can get a LEED rating from Certified to Silver to Gold to Platinum based on how many points they rack up in all these areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Gehry has \u003ca href=\"http://www.good.is/post/frank-gehry-comes-around-to-building-green/\" title=\"Good.is - Frank Gehry\">expressed some reasonable doubts\u003c/a> about the value of LEED certification. And Facebook hasn't said anything about aiming for Platinum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Gehry's going green, he'll probably do it in his own way. He doesn't seem to like any kind of label, even deconstructivism. In 1998, he was featured in one of Apple's \"Think Different\" ads. Now that Facebook has brought him back to Silicon Valley, this may be an opportunity to make something new at the intersection of technology, architecture, and environmentalism. I for one am curious to see what comes of it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/bayareausgs-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43075\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43075 \" title=\"Bay Area USGS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/BayareaUSGS1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area from Space photo by United States Geological Surveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SF_Bay_area_USGS.jpg \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents and visitors don’t realize the extent of our estuary’s connection outside of the Bay Area. It's the largest estuary on the West Coast of North America fed by ocean tides and tendrils of fresh water stretching east to the Sierras and north nearly to the Oregon border. Envisioning the \u003ca title=\"Bay Conservation and Development Commission website\" href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/bay_estuary.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">watershed of San Francisco Bay\u003c/a> is like constructing nesting dolls out of the landscape. Small watersheds are formed by creeks and drainages surrounding the bay, delivering surface runoff from the land and streets to the estuary. Larger creeks, like Coyote Creek, Alameda Creek, and the Napa River form larger watersheds that incorporate the small creeks. But our estuary also drains a much larger land mass. The delta brings water to the bay from nearly half of our state from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Take the \u003ca title=\"US EPA website of the SF Bay-Delta\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/sfbaydelta/\" target=\"_blank\">virtual tour of the bay’s watershed\u003c/a> in this interactive website from the Environmental Protection Agency. You can \"fly\" along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers to their headwaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1140/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43078\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43078\" title=\"Sierra Waterflow\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1140-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra waterflow\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week I made my annual summer pilgrimage to the granite backbone of our state and a campsite at Lake Tahoe. As I floated down the Truckee River (which doesn’t empty into San Francisco Bay, but impressively drains water that may have been impounded for over 700 years in Lake Tahoe), I pondered the journey of Sierra water through the watershed. You might picture a drop of water falling on the rugged western Sierra slopes and trace its path from the high mountains into a clear, cold creek. The creek flows downhill and joins others, eventually reaching larger streams and rivers. Complex ecosystems are formed along the way. Mayfly and caddisfly larvae in the creeks feed trout. The water permeates the banks creating riparian habitats with willows and alders supporting nesting habitat for migratory songbirds from the tropics to raise their young. The water picks up nutrients from the creekbed as it travels downhill. Along the way, some of the water is dammed to provide the thirsty communities of the Bay Area with drinking water. The Calaveras Dam brings Sierra water from the Mokelumne River to \u003ca title=\"East Bay Municipal Utilties District website\" href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/our-water/water-supply\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay MUD\u003c/a> water recipients while the Hetch Hetchy water is delivered to \u003ca title=\"SF Public Utilties Commission website\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=200\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a>. The mighty Sacramento River wends through the valley and past the State Capitol, watering farmlands along the way. Its headwaters are in the Cascade Mountains north of Redding, but many other tributaries, including the American and Yuba rivers add to its flow. Further south, the creeks feed into the San Joaquin River which meets the Sacramento River at the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1185/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43079\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43079\" title=\"Floating\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1185-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floating through the watershed\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The health of our mountains and the ecosystems between here and there are vital to the health of our bay. Climate change, pollution and invasive species take a toll throughout the watershed. It’s important that we each do what we can to take care of our land. The land will reward us with a bounty of water to drink, food to eat and places to recreate and restore our weary urban souls. You can celebrate our amazing bay and learn more about it at the \u003ca title=\"Saving the Bay website\" href=\"http://www.savingthebay.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Saving the Bay\u003c/a> website with an award-winning, local film (portions of the video are available as well as lesson plans for teachers on the website). Don't forget \u003ca title=\"CA Coastal Cleanup Day website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\" target=\"_blank\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a> coming up the third Saturday of September, too, where you can make a difference in your neighborhood or along the bay shoreline picking up trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/bayareausgs-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43075\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43075 \" title=\"Bay Area USGS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/BayareaUSGS1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area from Space photo by United States Geological Surveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SF_Bay_area_USGS.jpg \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents and visitors don’t realize the extent of our estuary’s connection outside of the Bay Area. It's the largest estuary on the West Coast of North America fed by ocean tides and tendrils of fresh water stretching east to the Sierras and north nearly to the Oregon border. Envisioning the \u003ca title=\"Bay Conservation and Development Commission website\" href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/bay_estuary.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">watershed of San Francisco Bay\u003c/a> is like constructing nesting dolls out of the landscape. Small watersheds are formed by creeks and drainages surrounding the bay, delivering surface runoff from the land and streets to the estuary. Larger creeks, like Coyote Creek, Alameda Creek, and the Napa River form larger watersheds that incorporate the small creeks. But our estuary also drains a much larger land mass. The delta brings water to the bay from nearly half of our state from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Take the \u003ca title=\"US EPA website of the SF Bay-Delta\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/sfbaydelta/\" target=\"_blank\">virtual tour of the bay’s watershed\u003c/a> in this interactive website from the Environmental Protection Agency. You can \"fly\" along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers to their headwaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1140/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43078\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43078\" title=\"Sierra Waterflow\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1140-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra waterflow\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week I made my annual summer pilgrimage to the granite backbone of our state and a campsite at Lake Tahoe. As I floated down the Truckee River (which doesn’t empty into San Francisco Bay, but impressively drains water that may have been impounded for over 700 years in Lake Tahoe), I pondered the journey of Sierra water through the watershed. You might picture a drop of water falling on the rugged western Sierra slopes and trace its path from the high mountains into a clear, cold creek. The creek flows downhill and joins others, eventually reaching larger streams and rivers. Complex ecosystems are formed along the way. Mayfly and caddisfly larvae in the creeks feed trout. The water permeates the banks creating riparian habitats with willows and alders supporting nesting habitat for migratory songbirds from the tropics to raise their young. The water picks up nutrients from the creekbed as it travels downhill. Along the way, some of the water is dammed to provide the thirsty communities of the Bay Area with drinking water. The Calaveras Dam brings Sierra water from the Mokelumne River to \u003ca title=\"East Bay Municipal Utilties District website\" href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/our-water/water-supply\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay MUD\u003c/a> water recipients while the Hetch Hetchy water is delivered to \u003ca title=\"SF Public Utilties Commission website\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=200\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a>. The mighty Sacramento River wends through the valley and past the State Capitol, watering farmlands along the way. Its headwaters are in the Cascade Mountains north of Redding, but many other tributaries, including the American and Yuba rivers add to its flow. Further south, the creeks feed into the San Joaquin River which meets the Sacramento River at the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1185/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43079\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43079\" title=\"Floating\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1185-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floating through the watershed\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The health of our mountains and the ecosystems between here and there are vital to the health of our bay. Climate change, pollution and invasive species take a toll throughout the watershed. It’s important that we each do what we can to take care of our land. The land will reward us with a bounty of water to drink, food to eat and places to recreate and restore our weary urban souls. You can celebrate our amazing bay and learn more about it at the \u003ca title=\"Saving the Bay website\" href=\"http://www.savingthebay.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Saving the Bay\u003c/a> website with an award-winning, local film (portions of the video are available as well as lesson plans for teachers on the website). Don't forget \u003ca title=\"CA Coastal Cleanup Day website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\" target=\"_blank\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a> coming up the third Saturday of September, too, where you can make a difference in your neighborhood or along the bay shoreline picking up trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Energy Geeks Converge at ACEEE's Boot Camp",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg\" alt=\"ACEEE summer camp\" title=\"social\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-43002\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) was formed in the 1980s to facilitate get-togethers of the nations energy efficiency experts—researchers, academics, and practitioners. It has grown into an organization that advocates for smart energy policy in the halls of Congress, and publishes its own research. And it still gets the energy geeks together to talk about energy efficiency in buildings, in industry, and in transportation. Lately the organization has focused more attention on human behavior and attitudes towards energy. All the technology in the world won’t save the planet unless people use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every two years the staff of the magazine I edit, \u003cem>Home Energy\u003c/em>, is invited down to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitasilomar.com/\">Asilomar Conference Grounds\u003c/a> in Pacific Grove, California, to publish a daily newsletter for the biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.aceee.org/conferences/2012/ssb\">ACEEE Summer Study of Energy Efficiency in Buildings\u003c/a>. The conference is unofficially called “Summer Camp,” and “Energy Boot Camp”. The most recent Summer Study finished up last Friday (August 17). I want to share with QUEST readers some of what the plenary speakers had to offer us this year. Follow the links if you want to know more about the speakers and their messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/299/nav/blog\">Sunday Plenary: Something of a Study in Contrasts\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jane Long, Chair of California’s Energy Future Project, spoke on “California’s Energy Future—The View to 2050 Summary Report.” The study, conducted by the California Council on Science and Technology, is a work in process. Long asked the question “Is it possible to meet California Governor Jerry Brown’s Executive Order to go 80% below 1990 green house gas (GHG) emissions by 2050?” The California legislature passed Assembly Bill (AB) 32 in 2006, requiring a drop in GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to meet the goal of Governor Brown’s Executive Order, every square foot of building space would need to be touched. The retrofit of existing buildings would be the major cost, surprisingly, while making new buildings more energy efficient is much less expensive, compared to business as usual. Long raised a question that was discussed at Summer Study. Is it better to demolish buildings rather than retrofit them? Along with retrofitting every building in the state, to achieve an 80% reduction in 1990 GHG emissions by 2050, automobile fuel efficiency would have to reach an average of 75 mpg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amory Lovins, Chairman and Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), which he cofounded in 1982, discussed his latest book, \u003cem>Reinventing Fire.\u003c/em> Lovins asked us to re-think our assumptions about energy. Can we conceive of fuel efficiency in cars in the range of 125-240 mile per gallon equivalent (mpge) (these are electric cars)? It’s possible with cars made from lightweight carbon fiber. Can we imagine buildings in cold climates that meet 90% of the heating energy needed during the coldest winter nights without fuel of any kind, but with smart, integrative design strategies instead? These are things happening right now behind the scenes. Lovins’ house in Snowmass, Colorado, is an example. He grows bananas and other tropical fruit there year round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/300/nav/blog\">Monday Plenary: A Night in the Life of the Summer Study\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monday night plenary speaker was Jon Wellinghoff, Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). His talked was called “A Night In the Life of the Grid”. Using a colorful map of the Midwestern United States, Wellinghoff described a grid in need of some more coordination, so that electricity load and production correlate more directly, therefore causing the electricity grid to operate more efficiently. A system in steady state is more efficient than one that is constantly ramping up and down—this is true of cars, HVAC systems, and the electricity grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wellinghoff’s example, the blue states are the ones with an overabundance of electric power, making it relatively cheap, and the red states, the ones where electricity is scarce and expensive. At 1 am the area around Terre Haute, Indiana, is desperate for electric power, while up north in Illinois, nuclear power is cheap and plentiful and westward in Iowa, wind generation is at a peak. Up by Fort Wayne they are burning kilowatts for next to nothing. Making the whole grid more efficient requires the participation of homeowners as well as factory bosses. On the residential end use side, Wellinghoff sees price signals offering individuals the greatest opportunity for control of their energy and the cost of that energy. Imagine utility customers becoming utility partners. Imagine providing power back to the grid from your car battery, and getting paid for it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/301/nav/blog\">\u003cstrong>Tuesday Plenary: Something Very Big is Happening in Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew DeWit, Professor in the School of Policy Studies at Rikkyo University, spoke on Tuesday night. DeWit described nothing less than a battle taking place upon the ruins of the Fukushima power plants, between sustainability and crushing debt; same-old same-old, and the new green economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeWit described the “Hashimoto Phenomenon”. Hashimoto is an Osaka-based politician “with more votes than Michael Bloomberg has money,” and is using his influence on the side of green energy, against the old guard that includes the former owners of Tokyo Electric Power (the utility has been nationalized) and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). What’s also new is what DeWit described as “Twitter-populism”. Average people have become enraged at the lies and lack of accountability shown by TEPCO in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 that nearly destroyed four nuclear power plants and spread radiation tens of miles into the interior of Japan. And they are demanding change, which is a new phenomenon in Japanese culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Japan will go green over the next two years will be determined later this summer and in the fall. Energy is a core issue in Japan politics and policy making and it is bringing about social and political changes at lightning speed. Stay tuned. Japan may be the first of many nations to make the hard choices to move to a sustainable green economy or sink under the weight of inertia and vested interests.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg\" alt=\"ACEEE summer camp\" title=\"social\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-43002\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/social-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) was formed in the 1980s to facilitate get-togethers of the nations energy efficiency experts—researchers, academics, and practitioners. It has grown into an organization that advocates for smart energy policy in the halls of Congress, and publishes its own research. And it still gets the energy geeks together to talk about energy efficiency in buildings, in industry, and in transportation. Lately the organization has focused more attention on human behavior and attitudes towards energy. All the technology in the world won’t save the planet unless people use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every two years the staff of the magazine I edit, \u003cem>Home Energy\u003c/em>, is invited down to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitasilomar.com/\">Asilomar Conference Grounds\u003c/a> in Pacific Grove, California, to publish a daily newsletter for the biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.aceee.org/conferences/2012/ssb\">ACEEE Summer Study of Energy Efficiency in Buildings\u003c/a>. The conference is unofficially called “Summer Camp,” and “Energy Boot Camp”. The most recent Summer Study finished up last Friday (August 17). I want to share with QUEST readers some of what the plenary speakers had to offer us this year. Follow the links if you want to know more about the speakers and their messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/299/nav/blog\">Sunday Plenary: Something of a Study in Contrasts\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jane Long, Chair of California’s Energy Future Project, spoke on “California’s Energy Future—The View to 2050 Summary Report.” The study, conducted by the California Council on Science and Technology, is a work in process. Long asked the question “Is it possible to meet California Governor Jerry Brown’s Executive Order to go 80% below 1990 green house gas (GHG) emissions by 2050?” The California legislature passed Assembly Bill (AB) 32 in 2006, requiring a drop in GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to meet the goal of Governor Brown’s Executive Order, every square foot of building space would need to be touched. The retrofit of existing buildings would be the major cost, surprisingly, while making new buildings more energy efficient is much less expensive, compared to business as usual. Long raised a question that was discussed at Summer Study. Is it better to demolish buildings rather than retrofit them? Along with retrofitting every building in the state, to achieve an 80% reduction in 1990 GHG emissions by 2050, automobile fuel efficiency would have to reach an average of 75 mpg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amory Lovins, Chairman and Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), which he cofounded in 1982, discussed his latest book, \u003cem>Reinventing Fire.\u003c/em> Lovins asked us to re-think our assumptions about energy. Can we conceive of fuel efficiency in cars in the range of 125-240 mile per gallon equivalent (mpge) (these are electric cars)? It’s possible with cars made from lightweight carbon fiber. Can we imagine buildings in cold climates that meet 90% of the heating energy needed during the coldest winter nights without fuel of any kind, but with smart, integrative design strategies instead? These are things happening right now behind the scenes. Lovins’ house in Snowmass, Colorado, is an example. He grows bananas and other tropical fruit there year round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/300/nav/blog\">Monday Plenary: A Night in the Life of the Summer Study\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monday night plenary speaker was Jon Wellinghoff, Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). His talked was called “A Night In the Life of the Grid”. Using a colorful map of the Midwestern United States, Wellinghoff described a grid in need of some more coordination, so that electricity load and production correlate more directly, therefore causing the electricity grid to operate more efficiently. A system in steady state is more efficient than one that is constantly ramping up and down—this is true of cars, HVAC systems, and the electricity grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wellinghoff’s example, the blue states are the ones with an overabundance of electric power, making it relatively cheap, and the red states, the ones where electricity is scarce and expensive. At 1 am the area around Terre Haute, Indiana, is desperate for electric power, while up north in Illinois, nuclear power is cheap and plentiful and westward in Iowa, wind generation is at a peak. Up by Fort Wayne they are burning kilowatts for next to nothing. Making the whole grid more efficient requires the participation of homeowners as well as factory bosses. On the residential end use side, Wellinghoff sees price signals offering individuals the greatest opportunity for control of their energy and the cost of that energy. Imagine utility customers becoming utility partners. Imagine providing power back to the grid from your car battery, and getting paid for it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/show/blog/id/301/nav/blog\">\u003cstrong>Tuesday Plenary: Something Very Big is Happening in Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew DeWit, Professor in the School of Policy Studies at Rikkyo University, spoke on Tuesday night. DeWit described nothing less than a battle taking place upon the ruins of the Fukushima power plants, between sustainability and crushing debt; same-old same-old, and the new green economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeWit described the “Hashimoto Phenomenon”. Hashimoto is an Osaka-based politician “with more votes than Michael Bloomberg has money,” and is using his influence on the side of green energy, against the old guard that includes the former owners of Tokyo Electric Power (the utility has been nationalized) and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). What’s also new is what DeWit described as “Twitter-populism”. Average people have become enraged at the lies and lack of accountability shown by TEPCO in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 that nearly destroyed four nuclear power plants and spread radiation tens of miles into the interior of Japan. And they are demanding change, which is a new phenomenon in Japanese culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Japan will go green over the next two years will be determined later this summer and in the fall. Energy is a core issue in Japan politics and policy making and it is bringing about social and political changes at lightning speed. Stay tuned. Japan may be the first of many nations to make the hard choices to move to a sustainable green economy or sink under the weight of inertia and vested interests.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What is the Delta? Explaining California's Massive Watering Hole",
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"content": "\u003cp>About two-thirds of Californians drink, bathe, brush their teeth, and flush their toilets with water that comes from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. That's roughly 25 million people who get at least some portion of their hydration from one big triangular watering hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ask most folks what the Delta is, and you're guaranteed to get a lot of blank stares. According to one \u003ca href=\"http://www.socalwater.org/news/press-releases/116-californians-largely-unaware-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta\" target=\"_blank\">recent poll, \u003c/a> roughly four of five Californians are pretty clueless about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003c!--[if lt IE 9]>\u003cscript>document.createElement('video');\u003c/script>\u003c![endif]-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/mp4\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4?_=1\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4\">http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to take for granted that water magically pours out of the tap when you turn your faucet on. But chances are, that H20 has gone through a pretty serious journey to reach you - and it's probably worth knowing where it comes from, and how safe the supply is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's one of many things that's kind of funky about California: the majority of the population lives in the southern part of the state, but most of the available fresh water supply is in the northern half. So, to hydrate the millions of people living and farming in the state's drier regions, California has had to, ahem, tap the crap out of its available resources, pumping water hundreds of miles over large mountains to reach the populations that rely on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what is the Delta?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Just south of Sacramento on the western edge of the Central Valley is where California's two major rivers meet - the San Joaquin from the south and the Sacramento from the north. Between them, they drain almost half of California's freshwater supply, collecting and concentrating rainfall and snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada and funneling it towards the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is what makes the Delta: a 700-square-mile inland estuary at the confluence of these two rivers, where fresh water from the mountains mixes with salt water from the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it as California's big drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How it used to be ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2892\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/delta-past_bay-nature.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2892 \" title=\"delta past_bay nature\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/delta-past_bay-nature-300x138.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"138\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Bay Nature Magazine; artist: Laura Cunningham\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before we started messing with it, the Delta was a vast brackish marsh filled with wetland plants (tules) and winding tidal channels. Much of it was submerged; all the fresh water from mountain snowmelt mixed with salt water from the ocean. In fact, when Spanish explorers first viewed the Delta from the top of Mt. Diablo in the late 1700s, they thought they'd discovered an inland sea. The area teemed with birds and game animals, including elk, antelope, and grizzly bears. Its few human inhabitants – small settlements of Miwok Indians – fished and hunted there only during summer months on small areas of dry land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And how it is now ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2893 alignright\" title=\"the-delta1\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>As you may have guessed, things are a bit different today. Over the last 150 years, we've dramatically and irreversibly changed the environment and landscape of the Delta, an epic effort to meet the steep demands of California’s increasingly crowded, thirsty population. Today's Delta is dotted with more than 1,000 miles of earthen walls - called levees. Much of the area has been \"reclaimed\" for agricultural use - land that's been drained and cordoned off by the levees. Huge pumps now deliver millions of gallons of fresh water to cities in the East Bay, South Bay, and throughout the lower half of the state, as well as farms in the arid San Joaquin Valley to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>A fragile system\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2895\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 232px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/leveebreak2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2895 \" title=\"leveebreak2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/leveebreak2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2004, a breach in the Upper Jones Tract Levee flooded the surrounding farmlands and residential areas. The probable culprit: a rodent - possibly a beaver. (source: CA Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the transformation has greatly upset the fragile environmental balance of the region, threatening many of the native fish and plant species that can't survive without steady streams of fresh water. The debate over how much water should be diverted from the Delta has long been a hot button political issue, instigating ongoing battles between northern and southern cities. It's also pitted environmentalists and ocean salmon fisherman against heavy water users, like farmers, who demand large consistent deliveries of fresh water diverted from the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern development of the Delta has also created an equally fragile water delivery system that millions of Californians depend on. Most of the levees are old and crumbling. If hit by a big enough earthquake, many would likely be destroyed. And because much of the reclaimed land in the region is below sea level (because of ongoing land subsidence), the area would be flooded, along with the nearly 400,000 people who live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2896\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/6_7_04_image-jones-damage-41d.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2896 \" title=\"6_7_04_image-jones damage-41d\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/6_7_04_image-jones-damage-41d-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"211\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: CA Dept. of Water Resources\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perhaps even more catastrophic: because the levees separate fresh water from salt water, if they collapse, the two types of water mix, leaving much of the state high and dry without a major source of fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty serious business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders have been arguing for years about how to deal with this threat. A multibillion dollar water infrastructure ballot measure has repeatedly stalled, and now Governor Jerry Brown is floating the very costly prospect of building peripheral tunnels that would capture and divert fresh water before it even enters the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Learn and explore more about the Delta\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\" target=\"_blank\">Check out KQED QUEST's multimedia series on the Delta, including an extensive set of interactive historical maps.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.watereducation.org/watersources/\" target=\"_blank\">Find out where your drinking water comes from (from the Water Education Foundation). \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About two-thirds of Californians drink, bathe, brush their teeth, and flush their toilets with water that comes from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. That's roughly 25 million people who get at least some portion of their hydration from one big triangular watering hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ask most folks what the Delta is, and you're guaranteed to get a lot of blank stares. According to one \u003ca href=\"http://www.socalwater.org/news/press-releases/116-californians-largely-unaware-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta\" target=\"_blank\">recent poll, \u003c/a> roughly four of five Californians are pretty clueless about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003c!--[if lt IE 9]>\u003cscript>document.createElement('video');\u003c/script>\u003c![endif]-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/mp4\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4?_=1\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4\">http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/quest/delta_explainer_overview_yt1280.mp4\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to take for granted that water magically pours out of the tap when you turn your faucet on. But chances are, that H20 has gone through a pretty serious journey to reach you - and it's probably worth knowing where it comes from, and how safe the supply is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's one of many things that's kind of funky about California: the majority of the population lives in the southern part of the state, but most of the available fresh water supply is in the northern half. So, to hydrate the millions of people living and farming in the state's drier regions, California has had to, ahem, tap the crap out of its available resources, pumping water hundreds of miles over large mountains to reach the populations that rely on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what is the Delta?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Just south of Sacramento on the western edge of the Central Valley is where California's two major rivers meet - the San Joaquin from the south and the Sacramento from the north. Between them, they drain almost half of California's freshwater supply, collecting and concentrating rainfall and snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada and funneling it towards the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is what makes the Delta: a 700-square-mile inland estuary at the confluence of these two rivers, where fresh water from the mountains mixes with salt water from the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it as California's big drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How it used to be ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2892\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/delta-past_bay-nature.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2892 \" title=\"delta past_bay nature\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/delta-past_bay-nature-300x138.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"138\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Bay Nature Magazine; artist: Laura Cunningham\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before we started messing with it, the Delta was a vast brackish marsh filled with wetland plants (tules) and winding tidal channels. Much of it was submerged; all the fresh water from mountain snowmelt mixed with salt water from the ocean. In fact, when Spanish explorers first viewed the Delta from the top of Mt. Diablo in the late 1700s, they thought they'd discovered an inland sea. The area teemed with birds and game animals, including elk, antelope, and grizzly bears. Its few human inhabitants – small settlements of Miwok Indians – fished and hunted there only during summer months on small areas of dry land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And how it is now ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2893 alignright\" title=\"the-delta1\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>As you may have guessed, things are a bit different today. Over the last 150 years, we've dramatically and irreversibly changed the environment and landscape of the Delta, an epic effort to meet the steep demands of California’s increasingly crowded, thirsty population. Today's Delta is dotted with more than 1,000 miles of earthen walls - called levees. Much of the area has been \"reclaimed\" for agricultural use - land that's been drained and cordoned off by the levees. Huge pumps now deliver millions of gallons of fresh water to cities in the East Bay, South Bay, and throughout the lower half of the state, as well as farms in the arid San Joaquin Valley to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>A fragile system\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2895\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 232px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/leveebreak2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-2895 \" title=\"leveebreak2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/leveebreak2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2004, a breach in the Upper Jones Tract Levee flooded the surrounding farmlands and residential areas. The probable culprit: a rodent - possibly a beaver. (source: CA Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the transformation has greatly upset the fragile environmental balance of the region, threatening many of the native fish and plant species that can't survive without steady streams of fresh water. The debate over how much water should be diverted from the Delta has long been a hot button political issue, instigating ongoing battles between northern and southern cities. It's also pitted environmentalists and ocean salmon fisherman against heavy water users, like farmers, who demand large consistent deliveries of fresh water diverted from the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern development of the Delta has also created an equally fragile water delivery system that millions of Californians depend on. Most of the levees are old and crumbling. If hit by a big enough earthquake, many would likely be destroyed. And because much of the reclaimed land in the region is below sea level (because of ongoing land subsidence), the area would be flooded, along with the nearly 400,000 people who live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2896\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/6_7_04_image-jones-damage-41d.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-2896 \" title=\"6_7_04_image-jones damage-41d\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/07/6_7_04_image-jones-damage-41d-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"211\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: CA Dept. of Water Resources\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perhaps even more catastrophic: because the levees separate fresh water from salt water, if they collapse, the two types of water mix, leaving much of the state high and dry without a major source of fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty serious business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders have been arguing for years about how to deal with this threat. A multibillion dollar water infrastructure ballot measure has repeatedly stalled, and now Governor Jerry Brown is floating the very costly prospect of building peripheral tunnels that would capture and divert fresh water before it even enters the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Learn and explore more about the Delta\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\" target=\"_blank\">Check out KQED QUEST's multimedia series on the Delta, including an extensive set of interactive historical maps.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.watereducation.org/watersources/\" target=\"_blank\">Find out where your drinking water comes from (from the Water Education Foundation). \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California’s Delta Blues: A Parched History",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-style:italic;font-size:16px\">By \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Green\u003c/a>\u003c/span> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ftpimagefix\" style=\"float:left\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2893\" title=\"the-delta1\" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/files/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"dropcap\">M\u003c/span>ark Twain is credited with the famous remark: “Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is pretty much no better example than the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which over the last 150 years has undergone epic transformation and been the epicenter of equally epic political battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the timeline to get a sense of the modern evolution (or de-evolution, depending on how you look at it) of California’s largest water source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(It may be easier to view in fullscreen mode: to do so, click on button at the bottom right-hand corner of the timeline)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\"><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \u003cbr>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Mark Twain is credited with the famous remark: “Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about.” And there is pretty much no better example than the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which over the last 150 years has undergone epic transformation and been the epicenter of equally epic political battles.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-style:italic;font-size:16px\">By \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Green\u003c/a>\u003c/span> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ftpimagefix\" style=\"float:left\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2012/07/20/californias-delta-blues-a-parched-history/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2893\" title=\"the-delta1\" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/files/2012/07/the-delta1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"dropcap\">M\u003c/span>ark Twain is credited with the famous remark: “Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is pretty much no better example than the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which over the last 150 years has undergone epic transformation and been the epicenter of equally epic political battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the timeline to get a sense of the modern evolution (or de-evolution, depending on how you look at it) of California’s largest water source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(It may be easier to view in fullscreen mode: to do so, click on button at the bottom right-hand corner of the timeline)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40683\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/bobcat-catscapes-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40683\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/bobcat-catscapes.carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"bobcat in marin\" title=\"bobcat catscapes.carousel\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This bobcat was captured by a motion-sensitive camera in Marin County. (Photo: Felidae Conservation Fund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine you’re a bobcat resting on a warm rock when suddenly you hear voices, then spy a horde of humans heading your way. You might bolt toward a steep, rocky ledge to monitor the intruders from a safe distance, or slink into the nearest thicket to hide from prying eyes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the world through the eyes of a wild carnivore, the province of expert trackers, takes training and patience. Reading the landscape for evidence of animals once helped our ancestors survive by distinguishing signs that could lead to a meal from those that could prove fatal. Now, the skill is increasingly enlisted to help wildlife survive in human-dominated landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trackers infer the presence, behavior and interactions of animals by piecing together clues in the form of footprints, trails, beds, scrapes, hair, scat and other visible traces known as spoor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent Saturday morning, I rose early to take a crash course on spoor detection from local trackers John Brossard and Scott Davidson. We met along a ridge in Marin County overlooking Stinson Beach, along with 13 other mostly local hardy souls willing to brave the swirling, dense morning fog that stubbornly shrouds the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since March, Brossard and Davidson have led similar outings for \u003ca href=\"http://catscapes.com/\">Catscapes\u003c/a>, sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.felidaefund.org/\">Felidae Conservation Fund. \u003c/a>“The focus of the classes is to increase awareness of the cats’ ecology and presence, and to cultivate empathy for them,” Brossard tells us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He invites us to use all our senses to assess the living landscape, listen for avian alarm calls, watch for signs of prey activity, and note where vegetation might provide cover for prey or predator. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bobcats, like mountain lions, are opportunistic ambush predators. They take cover, waiting patiently for their favorite food to appear—deer, in the case of lions, rabbits and rodents for bobcats (though they’ll settle for raccoons, turkeys, really anything within reason).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scanning the steep hillside just east of the trail where our group stops for instructions, I notice triangular tufts of grass emerging from the hillside. Could be rodent residences. Just to the left of the tufts, a long run stretches from the base of the hill to its crest. If I were a bobcat, that’s where I’d settle in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40682\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_bobcattracks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40682\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_BobcatTracks-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"bobcat tracks \" title=\"Elbroch_BobcatTracks\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two front paws of a bobcat. Bobcats, like lions, tend to move slowly and stealthily, often pausing to look for prey, taking care not to betray their presence. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen lots and lots of signs of bobcats,” Davidson says. “They didn’t disappear. They’re resting in bushes somewhere with good cover. Listen to the birds. They might have something to say about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the birds are telling me something, I don’t know what it is. I start scaling the steep hillside, slipping on the parched golden grasses to reach the tufted rises. Sure enough, the tufts cover little dugouts, carved out of the dirt. Could be burrows for voles, pocket gophers or ground squirrels. I head toward the run skirting Rodent Central, looking for footprints and scat, but see nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearing the crest of the hill, I spot a well-worn run ringing a dense stand of firs and large boulders, which cats big and small use for cover. At the top of the hill, I see a rather large scat on top of a rock. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, though scat is easy to spot, it’s notoriously difficult to tell who left it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evidence-Based Tracking\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEcologist and master tracker Mark Elbroch says \"there's nothing esoteric\" about what he does. \"It's really just looking for signs that betray the passage of an animal. And knowing where to look.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's looked at scat “for years and years and years,” and still comes across specimens he just can’t identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/4/516/#sec8\">2011 population survey\u003c/a> of snow leopards in Nepal, genetic analysis showed that 52 of 71 scats identified as snow leopard in the field came from another carnivore (probably fox, dog, wolf, or lynx), even though the highly trained field team followed an exacting protocol. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly every project that relies on scat to study the diet of felids ends up mixing felid and canid scat, says Elbroch, who’s studied lions in California, Colorado, Patagonia, and now, as leader of the Teton Cougar Project, in Wyoming. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some general rules apply, he says. Bobcats and coyotes both mark trails, so you’ll likely encounter them on a hiking trail, deer run, or along a ridge path. But mountain lions almost always hide their scat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After killing a deer, mountain lions drag it into cover, if they can, and usually cache it or cover it with debris, Elbroch explains. And they’ll form a latrine close by, from 15 feet to a quarter mile away, where they’ll defecate time and again over the course of feeding on the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40689\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_lionscrape/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40689\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_LionScrape-273x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lion scrape in Patagonia\" title=\"Elbroch_LionScrape\" width=\"273\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-40689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lions leave deep impressions in dirt made with their hind feet to mark their territory or signal their presence to females and other males. Multiple lions may use the scrape site like a community bulletin board. Juan Carlos Bravo sits next to a scrape in Patagonia. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Elbroch looks for lions, he relies more on footprints and scrapes, depressions made with the hind feet, than on scat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions use scrapes as community bulletin boards, Elbroch says, a behavior documented on video cameras. “You’ll see females coming in to check the males. They smell the site and start yowling, going into heat.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chris Wilmers has great footage of a male coming in and scraping, another male coming in, smelling the scrape, then walking through, then a female coming in and smelling the scrape.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since all the lions are collared, Wilmers, a UC Santa Cruz biologist who leads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bapp.org/\">Bay Area Puma Project\u003c/a>, could tell that the female and male in the footage spent three days together—typical for a romantic interlude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Spoils\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThanks to video cameras and advances in GPS technology, the hidden life of mountain lions is slowly emerging. In a recent study from his work in Patagonia, at the southern tip of South America, \u003ca href=\"http://www.switzernetwork.org/news/featured-fellows/mark-elbroch-teton-cougar-project-ecological-role-pumas\">Elbroch used GPS collars to show that lions help feed their neighbors\u003c/a>. Often, the big cats lose their hard-earned meals to other hungry animals. In California, a black bear may scare a cat off a carcass. In Patagonia, Elbroch found, lions supplied more than 500 pounds of meat per 38 square miles to a diverse community of scavengers, including the increasingly rare Andean condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cougar kills something in the open then retreats to cover, because it doesn’t want to sit in the middle of a big grassland all day,” he explains. “But it doesn’t go back, because it knows it’s already gone.” The Andean condor, cousin to the California condor, makes fast work of the remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means lions have to kill more prey to avoid starvation. It also means lions function as a wilderness grocer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elbroch's videos show everything from weasels and martins to foxes, coyotes, and wolves to grizzlies and black bears feeding on a kill. “And the insect life on top of carcasses is crazy. That draws in the birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, he adds, “we got this amazing footage of a flycatcher sitting above the kill and just zipping down in little dives right over the carcass, just cleaning up on all the flies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Humans Aren’t on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSpecialist hunters, lions focus on large ungulates like deer and elk, which provide enough meat to offset the energy spent hunting, even with all the food lost to scavengers. Lions, as every expert will tell you, prefer to avoid humans. So how to explain the recent attack on a 63-year-old Marin County man camping near Nevada City?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well it’s total speculation,” Elbroch says. “It happens so rarely, the sample size is so low, it’s hard even to guess.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the first thing Elbroch wondered was whether the lion was attracted by a wheezing snore, which can sound like a dying animal. “Cats don’t just walk up to people and bite them. But if they were to walk by and hear rustling movement and this weird snoring wheeze, you bet they’re going to come up and check it out. They are \u003cem>incredibly\u003c/em> curious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Elbroch uses tapes of whining foxes or rabbits—whines being universal signs of distress—to attract lions to pit snares, so he can outfit them with a GPS collar or check on them during a study. “It's the easiest way to pull in a lion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two lion attacks in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park near San Diego in the 1990s, researchers got funding to study the behavior of 10 collared lions who used the park. Even as the number of people using the park increased, with close to 600,000 visitors in 2002, cats and humans rarely had occasion to meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40686\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 239px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_cougartrack_mytrack/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40686\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_Cougartrack_mytrack-239x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cougar track\" title=\"Elbroch_Cougartrack_mytrack\" width=\"239\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-40686\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tracks of an adult female lion, taken in Los Padres National Forest, California, next to Mark Elbroch's footprint. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They're sleeping right next to the trail, and using the trail all the time, but generally at night,” Elbroch says. “The lights go out, the lions start using the trail. The lights come on in the morning, the lions just walk 50 to 100 feet off the trail and lie down for the day. Horses and people go by them all day, every day. And there’s never an encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lions, like wolves, play beneficial, essential roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems, Elbroch says. “We shouldn’t just consider them vermin or competition or threats to our children and livestock, which is how we looked at wolves forever. Now people are starting to talk about the ecological benefits of wolves. It would be great to get there for mountain lions, too.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help Bay Area residents appreciate these benefits, the Felidae Conservation Fund has outfitted the hills we’re exploring with motion-sensitive cameras. The “camera traps” don’t just produce compelling images of wildlife, they collect data, preparing for the day when the Bay Area Puma Project reaches Marin. (The \u003ca href=\"http://catscapes.com/\">next Catscapes outing\u003c/a> is Saturday, July 21.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before heading back down the hill to rejoin the group, I take a quick detour to see what lies beyond a nearby ridge. When cats hunt, they often travel just below the ridgeline, out of sight, but close enough to pop up and peer over into the next drainage, looking for deer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when I pop up over the ridge, I see houses about a mile or so below. Just a few minutes before, I imagined every snapping twig, every moaning breeze to be a lion in the brush. Now, looking down on the populated shore, I realize how little space we’ve left these wide-ranging cats—and wonder how they’ve managed to survive.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Learning to see the landscape through the eyes of a wild carnivore helps Bay Area residents appreciate the essential ecological roles bobcats, mountain lions, and other predators play in ecosystems. New research shows that lion leftovers feed a surprising diversity of other species.",
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"description": "Learning to see the landscape through the eyes of a wild carnivore helps Bay Area residents appreciate the essential ecological roles bobcats, mountain lions, and other predators play in ecosystems. New research shows that lion leftovers feed a surprising diversity of other species.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40683\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/bobcat-catscapes-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40683\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/bobcat-catscapes.carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"bobcat in marin\" title=\"bobcat catscapes.carousel\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This bobcat was captured by a motion-sensitive camera in Marin County. (Photo: Felidae Conservation Fund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine you’re a bobcat resting on a warm rock when suddenly you hear voices, then spy a horde of humans heading your way. You might bolt toward a steep, rocky ledge to monitor the intruders from a safe distance, or slink into the nearest thicket to hide from prying eyes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the world through the eyes of a wild carnivore, the province of expert trackers, takes training and patience. Reading the landscape for evidence of animals once helped our ancestors survive by distinguishing signs that could lead to a meal from those that could prove fatal. Now, the skill is increasingly enlisted to help wildlife survive in human-dominated landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trackers infer the presence, behavior and interactions of animals by piecing together clues in the form of footprints, trails, beds, scrapes, hair, scat and other visible traces known as spoor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent Saturday morning, I rose early to take a crash course on spoor detection from local trackers John Brossard and Scott Davidson. We met along a ridge in Marin County overlooking Stinson Beach, along with 13 other mostly local hardy souls willing to brave the swirling, dense morning fog that stubbornly shrouds the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since March, Brossard and Davidson have led similar outings for \u003ca href=\"http://catscapes.com/\">Catscapes\u003c/a>, sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.felidaefund.org/\">Felidae Conservation Fund. \u003c/a>“The focus of the classes is to increase awareness of the cats’ ecology and presence, and to cultivate empathy for them,” Brossard tells us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He invites us to use all our senses to assess the living landscape, listen for avian alarm calls, watch for signs of prey activity, and note where vegetation might provide cover for prey or predator. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bobcats, like mountain lions, are opportunistic ambush predators. They take cover, waiting patiently for their favorite food to appear—deer, in the case of lions, rabbits and rodents for bobcats (though they’ll settle for raccoons, turkeys, really anything within reason).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scanning the steep hillside just east of the trail where our group stops for instructions, I notice triangular tufts of grass emerging from the hillside. Could be rodent residences. Just to the left of the tufts, a long run stretches from the base of the hill to its crest. If I were a bobcat, that’s where I’d settle in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40682\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_bobcattracks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40682\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_BobcatTracks-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"bobcat tracks \" title=\"Elbroch_BobcatTracks\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two front paws of a bobcat. Bobcats, like lions, tend to move slowly and stealthily, often pausing to look for prey, taking care not to betray their presence. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen lots and lots of signs of bobcats,” Davidson says. “They didn’t disappear. They’re resting in bushes somewhere with good cover. Listen to the birds. They might have something to say about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the birds are telling me something, I don’t know what it is. I start scaling the steep hillside, slipping on the parched golden grasses to reach the tufted rises. Sure enough, the tufts cover little dugouts, carved out of the dirt. Could be burrows for voles, pocket gophers or ground squirrels. I head toward the run skirting Rodent Central, looking for footprints and scat, but see nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearing the crest of the hill, I spot a well-worn run ringing a dense stand of firs and large boulders, which cats big and small use for cover. At the top of the hill, I see a rather large scat on top of a rock. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, though scat is easy to spot, it’s notoriously difficult to tell who left it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evidence-Based Tracking\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEcologist and master tracker Mark Elbroch says \"there's nothing esoteric\" about what he does. \"It's really just looking for signs that betray the passage of an animal. And knowing where to look.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's looked at scat “for years and years and years,” and still comes across specimens he just can’t identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/4/516/#sec8\">2011 population survey\u003c/a> of snow leopards in Nepal, genetic analysis showed that 52 of 71 scats identified as snow leopard in the field came from another carnivore (probably fox, dog, wolf, or lynx), even though the highly trained field team followed an exacting protocol. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly every project that relies on scat to study the diet of felids ends up mixing felid and canid scat, says Elbroch, who’s studied lions in California, Colorado, Patagonia, and now, as leader of the Teton Cougar Project, in Wyoming. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some general rules apply, he says. Bobcats and coyotes both mark trails, so you’ll likely encounter them on a hiking trail, deer run, or along a ridge path. But mountain lions almost always hide their scat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After killing a deer, mountain lions drag it into cover, if they can, and usually cache it or cover it with debris, Elbroch explains. And they’ll form a latrine close by, from 15 feet to a quarter mile away, where they’ll defecate time and again over the course of feeding on the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40689\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_lionscrape/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40689\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_LionScrape-273x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lion scrape in Patagonia\" title=\"Elbroch_LionScrape\" width=\"273\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-40689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lions leave deep impressions in dirt made with their hind feet to mark their territory or signal their presence to females and other males. Multiple lions may use the scrape site like a community bulletin board. Juan Carlos Bravo sits next to a scrape in Patagonia. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Elbroch looks for lions, he relies more on footprints and scrapes, depressions made with the hind feet, than on scat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions use scrapes as community bulletin boards, Elbroch says, a behavior documented on video cameras. “You’ll see females coming in to check the males. They smell the site and start yowling, going into heat.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chris Wilmers has great footage of a male coming in and scraping, another male coming in, smelling the scrape, then walking through, then a female coming in and smelling the scrape.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since all the lions are collared, Wilmers, a UC Santa Cruz biologist who leads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bapp.org/\">Bay Area Puma Project\u003c/a>, could tell that the female and male in the footage spent three days together—typical for a romantic interlude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Spoils\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThanks to video cameras and advances in GPS technology, the hidden life of mountain lions is slowly emerging. In a recent study from his work in Patagonia, at the southern tip of South America, \u003ca href=\"http://www.switzernetwork.org/news/featured-fellows/mark-elbroch-teton-cougar-project-ecological-role-pumas\">Elbroch used GPS collars to show that lions help feed their neighbors\u003c/a>. Often, the big cats lose their hard-earned meals to other hungry animals. In California, a black bear may scare a cat off a carcass. In Patagonia, Elbroch found, lions supplied more than 500 pounds of meat per 38 square miles to a diverse community of scavengers, including the increasingly rare Andean condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cougar kills something in the open then retreats to cover, because it doesn’t want to sit in the middle of a big grassland all day,” he explains. “But it doesn’t go back, because it knows it’s already gone.” The Andean condor, cousin to the California condor, makes fast work of the remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means lions have to kill more prey to avoid starvation. It also means lions function as a wilderness grocer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elbroch's videos show everything from weasels and martins to foxes, coyotes, and wolves to grizzlies and black bears feeding on a kill. “And the insect life on top of carcasses is crazy. That draws in the birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, he adds, “we got this amazing footage of a flycatcher sitting above the kill and just zipping down in little dives right over the carcass, just cleaning up on all the flies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Humans Aren’t on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSpecialist hunters, lions focus on large ungulates like deer and elk, which provide enough meat to offset the energy spent hunting, even with all the food lost to scavengers. Lions, as every expert will tell you, prefer to avoid humans. So how to explain the recent attack on a 63-year-old Marin County man camping near Nevada City?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well it’s total speculation,” Elbroch says. “It happens so rarely, the sample size is so low, it’s hard even to guess.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the first thing Elbroch wondered was whether the lion was attracted by a wheezing snore, which can sound like a dying animal. “Cats don’t just walk up to people and bite them. But if they were to walk by and hear rustling movement and this weird snoring wheeze, you bet they’re going to come up and check it out. They are \u003cem>incredibly\u003c/em> curious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Elbroch uses tapes of whining foxes or rabbits—whines being universal signs of distress—to attract lions to pit snares, so he can outfit them with a GPS collar or check on them during a study. “It's the easiest way to pull in a lion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two lion attacks in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park near San Diego in the 1990s, researchers got funding to study the behavior of 10 collared lions who used the park. Even as the number of people using the park increased, with close to 600,000 visitors in 2002, cats and humans rarely had occasion to meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40686\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 239px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/11/tracking-big-cats-to-learn-their-secrets/elbroch_cougartrack_mytrack/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40686\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Elbroch_Cougartrack_mytrack-239x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cougar track\" title=\"Elbroch_Cougartrack_mytrack\" width=\"239\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-40686\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tracks of an adult female lion, taken in Los Padres National Forest, California, next to Mark Elbroch's footprint. (Photo: Courtesy Mark Elbroch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They're sleeping right next to the trail, and using the trail all the time, but generally at night,” Elbroch says. “The lights go out, the lions start using the trail. The lights come on in the morning, the lions just walk 50 to 100 feet off the trail and lie down for the day. Horses and people go by them all day, every day. And there’s never an encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lions, like wolves, play beneficial, essential roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems, Elbroch says. “We shouldn’t just consider them vermin or competition or threats to our children and livestock, which is how we looked at wolves forever. Now people are starting to talk about the ecological benefits of wolves. It would be great to get there for mountain lions, too.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help Bay Area residents appreciate these benefits, the Felidae Conservation Fund has outfitted the hills we’re exploring with motion-sensitive cameras. The “camera traps” don’t just produce compelling images of wildlife, they collect data, preparing for the day when the Bay Area Puma Project reaches Marin. (The \u003ca href=\"http://catscapes.com/\">next Catscapes outing\u003c/a> is Saturday, July 21.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before heading back down the hill to rejoin the group, I take a quick detour to see what lies beyond a nearby ridge. When cats hunt, they often travel just below the ridgeline, out of sight, but close enough to pop up and peer over into the next drainage, looking for deer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when I pop up over the ridge, I see houses about a mile or so below. Just a few minutes before, I imagined every snapping twig, every moaning breeze to be a lion in the brush. Now, looking down on the populated shore, I realize how little space we’ve left these wide-ranging cats—and wonder how they’ve managed to survive.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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