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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/01/top-cats-how-pumas-and-other-apex-predators-populations-affect-the-big-biodiversity-picture/kumalion/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53676\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-53676\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being. Photo: Liza Gross\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, a stellar cast of ecologists changed the way conservation scientists think about biodiversity. As we tumble headlong into the sixth great extinction, biologists have focused largely on protecting regions with the highest number of species. By saving the most species, the thinking goes, you’ll conserve the greatest number of ecological interactions and so the greatest biodiversity. But in \u003ca href=\"http://media.longnow.org/files/2/REVIVE/Estes%20et%20al%20(w%20Berger)%20Trophic%20Downgrading%20%20-%20Science%202011.pdf\">a study that drew on ecological theory\u003c/a> and contemporary studies of apex predators like wolves and pumas, the all-star team of ecologists found that some species matter more than others. Losing top predators, they argued, can have far-reaching, irreversible effects on the structure, function and biodiversity of ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecological theory predicts that changes in the abundance and distribution of top predators can cause substantial shifts in ecosystems. And recent studies—many published in the new millennium—have shown how theoretical predictions play out on the landscape. The collapse of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sefs.washington.edu/classes.esrm.450/Anthony.pdf\">sea otter populations\u003c/a> on Amchitka Island in the Aleutian Islands decimated kelp forests by allowing unfettered expansion of sea urchins, the otters’ main food. The loss of wolves in Yellowstone’s Lamar River Valley famously allowed elk to forage with abandon, arresting the development of streamside willows and other riparian vegetation. In Venezuela, forests without jaguars, pumas and eagles had almost no vegetative underbrush compared to the lush understory in forests where predators kept ungulate herbivores in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, according to the study, the loss of large top predators can also lead to soaring rates of wildfires, infectious disease and carbon emissions, and degrade water quality and nutrient cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “top down” trophic cascades, which the ecologists dubbed “trophic downgrading,” have been documented from the poles to the equators and every major biome in between, making the loss of top predators, they wrote, “arguably humankind’s most pervasive influence on the natural world.\" Earth has weathered five mass extinctions but never before at the hands of one species—human beings. And we humans seem hell bent on clearing the Earth of larger bodied apex predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I considered all this as I read a new paper from \u003ca href=\"http://wildlife.ucsc.edu/\">wildlife ecologist Chris Wilmer’s lab\u003c/a> (\u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060590\">published last week in PLOS ONE\u003c/a>) that looks at how human development affects pumas. Like most large carnivores, pumas need vast territories to hunt, find mates and raise young. Pumas living in the San Francisco Bay Area have no such luck. Wilmers, an associate professor of environmental studies at the University of California-Santa Cruz, has been studying the effects of habitat fragmentation on the behavior, ecology and even the physiology of \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/\">pumas around the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/a> He develops cutting-edge GPS collars to track both the location and behavior of his animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fragmented landscapes often pave the way to extinction for wide-ranging large carnivores like pumas, with cascading effects. Freed from the threat of top predators, smaller carnivores like foxes increase in number, driving declines in birds and small mammals. But habitat fragmentation can produce effects similar to extinction because large predators tend to avoid small fragmented parcels. Given the heterogeneous patterns of human developments—with houses and other structures interspersed among natural areas—predicting how animals might respond, and with what consequences, presents a serious challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since pumas make risk-benefit calculations just like the rest of us and typically avoid humans—\u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/whc/programs/mountain_lions/humans.cfm\">their biggest cause of death, aside from roads\u003c/a>—Wilmers wanted to know what factors govern their decisions. He and his team figured the cats would steer clear of neighborhoods, where they’d risk seeing their nemesis in various activities, more than roads, where traffic can be sporadic. And they predicted the cats would respond differently depending on their reproductive status. If running into humans meant losing a meal, that would prove less costly from an evolutionary perspective, than if it meant losing a chance to mate or raise young—since, as any evolutionary biologist will tell you, we exist primarily to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team combined their GPS data with field visits to determine whether cats were simply going about their business—that is, feeding (based on the analysis of GPS data and confirmed by finding prey remains) or moving about the landscape (GPS readings not linked to kill or den sites)—or engaged in reproductive behavior—denning (indicated by a female staying within a spot and making repeated return visits) or communicating (indicated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=A348t8_I8d4\">“scrapes,”\u003c/a> urine-soaked leaves and debris mounded with the hind feet, the puma version of “here’s my number”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the cats’ response to developments varied with their reproductive status. The data collected on their 20 collared pumas (12 females and 8 males) showed that the animals give human developments a wider berth when engaged in reproductive behaviors. Given how frequently human run-ins result in death for pumas around the Bay Area, it’s not surprising that evolutionary pressures selected against placing the next generation at risk. Similarly, the cats seem to have learned that placing their calling card near trails leaves them vulnerable to destruction by hikers and bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it appears that taking care of large cubs makes mom willing to take more risks. The team found that females with dependent young showed higher tolerance for residential developments than males, possibly because they can’t afford to be choosy about where they find prey. Still, one male in the study did go near developments—a young male seeking new territory—an extremely risky behavior that the sexually \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Mountain-lions-straying-into-more-urban-areas-3164598.php\">immature male shot in Berkeley’s Gourmet Ghetto\u003c/a> learned too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that our behavior influences the big cats’ behavior. If you live on the edge of puma habitat and plant lush gardens, you’ll attract deer—and likely their ancient predator. If you don’t safeguard your goats and sheep in enclosed pens at night, you’re just asking for trouble. An astonishing \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/blog/\">eight of the 11 adult pumas\u003c/a> the team studied were shot for attacking livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By understanding where, when and how pumas use their increasingly fragmented habitat, Wilmers and his team can predict how they might respond as development continues. They can also predict, and hopefully mitigate, likely conflicts between humans and the increasingly boxed-in carnivores. But ecologists, even the best ecologists, can do only so much. They need the rest of us to decide whether we’re ready to reverse the trophic downgrading of the planet before it’s too late.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fragmented landscapes often pave the way to extinction for wide-ranging large carnivores like pumas, with cascading effects. Freed from the threat of top predators, smaller carnivores like foxes increase in number, driving declines in birds and small mammals. But habitat fragmentation can produce effects similar to extinction because large predators tend to avoid small fragmented parcels. Given the heterogeneous patterns of human developments—with houses and other structures interspersed among natural areas—predicting how animals might respond, and with what consequences, presents a serious challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since pumas make risk-benefit calculations just like the rest of us and typically avoid humans—\u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/whc/programs/mountain_lions/humans.cfm\">their biggest cause of death, aside from roads\u003c/a>—Wilmers wanted to know what factors govern their decisions. He and his team figured the cats would steer clear of neighborhoods, where they’d risk seeing their nemesis in various activities, more than roads, where traffic can be sporadic. And they predicted the cats would respond differently depending on their reproductive status. If running into humans meant losing a meal, that would prove less costly from an evolutionary perspective, than if it meant losing a chance to mate or raise young—since, as any evolutionary biologist will tell you, we exist primarily to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team combined their GPS data with field visits to determine whether cats were simply going about their business—that is, feeding (based on the analysis of GPS data and confirmed by finding prey remains) or moving about the landscape (GPS readings not linked to kill or den sites)—or engaged in reproductive behavior—denning (indicated by a female staying within a spot and making repeated return visits) or communicating (indicated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=A348t8_I8d4\">“scrapes,”\u003c/a> urine-soaked leaves and debris mounded with the hind feet, the puma version of “here’s my number”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the cats’ response to developments varied with their reproductive status. The data collected on their 20 collared pumas (12 females and 8 males) showed that the animals give human developments a wider berth when engaged in reproductive behaviors. Given how frequently human run-ins result in death for pumas around the Bay Area, it’s not surprising that evolutionary pressures selected against placing the next generation at risk. Similarly, the cats seem to have learned that placing their calling card near trails leaves them vulnerable to destruction by hikers and bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it appears that taking care of large cubs makes mom willing to take more risks. The team found that females with dependent young showed higher tolerance for residential developments than males, possibly because they can’t afford to be choosy about where they find prey. Still, one male in the study did go near developments—a young male seeking new territory—an extremely risky behavior that the sexually \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Mountain-lions-straying-into-more-urban-areas-3164598.php\">immature male shot in Berkeley’s Gourmet Ghetto\u003c/a> learned too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that our behavior influences the big cats’ behavior. If you live on the edge of puma habitat and plant lush gardens, you’ll attract deer—and likely their ancient predator. If you don’t safeguard your goats and sheep in enclosed pens at night, you’re just asking for trouble. An astonishing \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/blog/\">eight of the 11 adult pumas\u003c/a> the team studied were shot for attacking livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By understanding where, when and how pumas use their increasingly fragmented habitat, Wilmers and his team can predict how they might respond as development continues. They can also predict, and hopefully mitigate, likely conflicts between humans and the increasingly boxed-in carnivores. But ecologists, even the best ecologists, can do only so much. They need the rest of us to decide whether we’re ready to reverse the trophic downgrading of the planet before it’s too late.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_95580\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 310px\">\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new plan seeks to cut the Bay Area’s greenhouse gas emissions while the region continues to grow. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This won’t come as a surprise to Bay Area residents: the region is still growing. By one estimate, the Bay Area will add two million \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/29/95579/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/29/95579/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Planning for Climate Change in a Growing Bay Area\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jose Fernandez, 6, left, and Samantha Tovar, 6, hula-hoop prior to the start of the fifth annual \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/2013/04/23/richmond-tales-fest-turns-page-on-literacy-and-healthy-living/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Tales Fest\u003c/a>: An Afternoon of Family Literacy and Healthy Living. (Tyler Orsburn/\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Confidential\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003c/a>On April 22, the U.S. Postal Service \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed it would sell its historic downtown Berkeley building\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"News Pix: Berkeley Post Office to be Sold, Solar Plane Debut, Richmond Celebrates Healthy Living\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>Jose Fernandez, 6, left, and Samantha Tovar, 6, hula-hoop prior to the start of the fifth annual \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/2013/04/23/richmond-tales-fest-turns-page-on-literacy-and-healthy-living/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Tales Fest\u003c/a>: An Afternoon of Family Literacy and Healthy Living. (Tyler Orsburn/\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Confidential\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003c/a>On April 22, the U.S. Postal Service \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed it would sell its historic downtown Berkeley building\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">...\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jose Fernandez, 6, left, and Samantha Tovar, 6, hula-hoop prior to the start of the fifth annual \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/2013/04/23/richmond-tales-fest-turns-page-on-literacy-and-healthy-living/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Tales Fest\u003c/a>: An Afternoon of Family Literacy and Healthy Living. (Tyler Orsburn/\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Confidential\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003c/a>On April 22, the U.S. Postal Service \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed it would sell its historic downtown Berkeley building\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"News Pix: Berkeley Post Office to be Sold, Solar Plane Debut, Richmond Celebrates Healthy Living\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Another Try For California's Second National Conservation Area",
"title": "Another Try For California's Second National Conservation Area",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On one of those crystalline mornings so rare in California valleys, I joined a small group gathered in front of a coffee shop in the town of Winters, about 30 miles west of Sacramento. But we wouldn’t be lingering there over lattes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plan for the day is to go up to Cold Canyon,\" announced Bob Schneider of the Woodland-based conservation group, \u003ca title=\"Tuleyome - main\" href=\"http://www.tuleyome.org/\">Tuleyome\u003c/a>. \"We’re gonna hike up to the ridge for the views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The views being sought were of what could become the nation’s newest National Conservation Area, tucked into the broad nether region between I-5 and Highway 101. \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA - map\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\">Nearly 350,000 acres\u003c/a> of federal land, the \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/\">Berryessa Snow Mountain Conservation Area\u003c/a> would get permanent protection from mining activity, sale to commercial developers and -- it’s a bit unclear what else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuleyome’s promotional handout calls the region a “largely undiscovered national treasure.” Michael Brune, the national head of the Sierra Club, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes up about a hundred miles to the north to Snow Mountain and in between you’ve got got beautiful wintering habitat for bald eagles,\" Brune told me at a spot along Highway 128, overlooking Putah Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brune has thrown his weight behind the move to set aside this expanse. \"Tule elk are here,\" he added, \"You've got beautiful rolling hills on the western part of the valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild\"- Michael Brune\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Compared to the nation’s 16 existing \u003ca title=\"BLM - NCAs\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS/National_Conservation_Areas.html\">National Conservation Areas\u003c/a>, it would be among the biggest, a patchwork of lands variously managed by the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation, pulling in three already-designated wilderness areas and a sizable chunk of the Mendocino National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild,\" says Brune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you make that hike up one of the ridges off the highway, east of Napa, the area stretches--literally--farther than the eye can see on most days. The \u003ca title=\"USFS - Snow Mtn\" href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/mendocino/recreation/recarea/?recid=25214\">Snow Mountain Wilderness Area\u003c/a> is a hundred miles to the north. Down at the south end, the Conservation Area would encircle Lake Berryessa, a 16,000-acre reservoir and recreational magnet in this part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking with hikers and boaters around the lake, I found few who were even aware of the proposed NCA, let alone knew what it would mean. And that’s where it gets tricky. There seems to be no one set of rules for NCAs. Each one has its own \"site-specific\" set of protections and restrictions.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I say this just doesn’t qualify,\" says Peter Kilkus, who publishes the \u003ca title=\"Lake Berryessa News\" href=\"http://www.lakeberryessanews.com/\">\u003cem>Lake Berryessa News\u003c/em>\u003c/a> website from his 60-acre homestead overlooking the lake. He and some other landowners and business interests have opposed the NCA, saying it’s just not necessary. In February, the Woodland newspaper \u003ca title=\"Woodland Record - op ed\" href=\"http://woodlandrecord.com/letter-yolo-county-farm-bureau-opposes-district-supervisors-berryessa-s-p3062-1.htm\">published an open letter\u003c/a> to Yolo County supervisors from the head of the county's Farm Bureau, charging that an NCA designation \"accomplishes little of merit, other than placing an additional layer of regulation over the affected area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first National Conservation Area was also the nation’s first -- the \u003ca title=\"BLM - King Range\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/arcata/kingrange/index.html\">King Range\u003c/a>, along the stretch of northern California known as the “Lost Coast.” To qualify, lands are supposed to have “exceptional scientific, cultural, ecological, historical, and recreational values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at this proposed National Conservation Area -- especially this south end at Lake Berryessa -- this in no way falls under what would be suitable for an NCA in my opinion,\" Kilkus says. \"It’s totally man-made, in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True, Berryessa’s not a natural lake. It was created in 1957 when the Bureau of Reclamation penned up Putah Creek with the 300-foot-high Monticello Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53374\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53374 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"360\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Before the lake was here, it was a huge farming community,\" Kilkus explains. \"Then they built the dam, kicked all the people out. And they put in a lake. Even the fish are not indigenous.\" But down at the south end of Berryessa, the conflict doesn’t seem to be about fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many, the thrum of jet skis and power boats is the pulse of the Lake Berryessa economy -- an economy that has suffered in recent years, as an unfolding government snafu caused the shutdown of five of the lake's seven marinas. At first, the proposed NCA set off alarms that this kind of “motorized recreation” might be banned on the lake. Others worried that it might mean more restricted access to the lands themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn’t affect anybody’s private property,\" Congressman Mike Thompson told me at a recent town hall meeting. \"It’s federally owned property that will always be federally owned property.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second time that Thompson, a Democrat, has put up a bill to designate this swath of land as an NCA. Barbara Boxer has a similar bill in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re providing this designation so all the federal agencies can better coordinate and better work together to get more bang for the taxpayer dollars,\" said Thompson. \"Now how in the world anybody could be opposed to that is beyond me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, lawmakers wrote in a promise not to mess with motorized recreation on the lake. That seemed to satisfy Marty Rodden, who runs the boat rentals at Markley Cove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope so,\" he told me, in between tinkering with outboard motors and casting off pontoon boats loaded with partiers. \"Considering that this is how I make my living, and I’ll be out of business [if motors are banned].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodden says he’s hopeful that once under a new multi-agency management plan, some of the abandoned resorts around the lake might come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a lot less going on up here,\" he reflected. \"I believe there was about a million visitors a year, and we’re probably down to 250,000, so it’s taken a really hard hit on everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"- Peter Kilkus\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kilkus and others around Lake Berryessa are still skeptical. They’re concerned that once the land is redesignated, the government might yield to pressure from wilderness advocates and change the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you read the guiding documents behind a NCA, it gives the government huge latitude to do almost anything they want,\" says Kilkus. \"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, the bill will confront another group of skeptics. It now runs the gantlet of congressional committees, including the House Natural Resources Committee, which has not been real receptive of late to designating new protected lands. A committee is expected to hear the Senate version sometime in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 649px\">\u003ca href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53387\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53387 \" title=\"Map: Berryessa-Snow Mountain NCA\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg\" alt=\"NCA_Map130305\" width=\"649\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg 1081w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-400x552.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-800x1104.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-960x1325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed 100-mile-long National Conservation Area, from Lake Berryessa at the south end, to the Mendocino National Forest in the north. Green areas are managed by the US Forest Service, gold areas by the Bureau of Land Management. (Map: Tuleyome)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Just north of the Bay Area is a vast and varied expanse of land and water that could be in line for new federal protections. The proposed Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Conservation Area would link wilderness zones and other lands in five counties. But it’s been a tough sell in some parts.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On one of those crystalline mornings so rare in California valleys, I joined a small group gathered in front of a coffee shop in the town of Winters, about 30 miles west of Sacramento. But we wouldn’t be lingering there over lattes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plan for the day is to go up to Cold Canyon,\" announced Bob Schneider of the Woodland-based conservation group, \u003ca title=\"Tuleyome - main\" href=\"http://www.tuleyome.org/\">Tuleyome\u003c/a>. \"We’re gonna hike up to the ridge for the views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The views being sought were of what could become the nation’s newest National Conservation Area, tucked into the broad nether region between I-5 and Highway 101. \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA - map\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\">Nearly 350,000 acres\u003c/a> of federal land, the \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/\">Berryessa Snow Mountain Conservation Area\u003c/a> would get permanent protection from mining activity, sale to commercial developers and -- it’s a bit unclear what else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuleyome’s promotional handout calls the region a “largely undiscovered national treasure.” Michael Brune, the national head of the Sierra Club, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes up about a hundred miles to the north to Snow Mountain and in between you’ve got got beautiful wintering habitat for bald eagles,\" Brune told me at a spot along Highway 128, overlooking Putah Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brune has thrown his weight behind the move to set aside this expanse. \"Tule elk are here,\" he added, \"You've got beautiful rolling hills on the western part of the valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild\"- Michael Brune\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Compared to the nation’s 16 existing \u003ca title=\"BLM - NCAs\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS/National_Conservation_Areas.html\">National Conservation Areas\u003c/a>, it would be among the biggest, a patchwork of lands variously managed by the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation, pulling in three already-designated wilderness areas and a sizable chunk of the Mendocino National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild,\" says Brune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you make that hike up one of the ridges off the highway, east of Napa, the area stretches--literally--farther than the eye can see on most days. The \u003ca title=\"USFS - Snow Mtn\" href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/mendocino/recreation/recarea/?recid=25214\">Snow Mountain Wilderness Area\u003c/a> is a hundred miles to the north. Down at the south end, the Conservation Area would encircle Lake Berryessa, a 16,000-acre reservoir and recreational magnet in this part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking with hikers and boaters around the lake, I found few who were even aware of the proposed NCA, let alone knew what it would mean. And that’s where it gets tricky. There seems to be no one set of rules for NCAs. Each one has its own \"site-specific\" set of protections and restrictions.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I say this just doesn’t qualify,\" says Peter Kilkus, who publishes the \u003ca title=\"Lake Berryessa News\" href=\"http://www.lakeberryessanews.com/\">\u003cem>Lake Berryessa News\u003c/em>\u003c/a> website from his 60-acre homestead overlooking the lake. He and some other landowners and business interests have opposed the NCA, saying it’s just not necessary. In February, the Woodland newspaper \u003ca title=\"Woodland Record - op ed\" href=\"http://woodlandrecord.com/letter-yolo-county-farm-bureau-opposes-district-supervisors-berryessa-s-p3062-1.htm\">published an open letter\u003c/a> to Yolo County supervisors from the head of the county's Farm Bureau, charging that an NCA designation \"accomplishes little of merit, other than placing an additional layer of regulation over the affected area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first National Conservation Area was also the nation’s first -- the \u003ca title=\"BLM - King Range\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/arcata/kingrange/index.html\">King Range\u003c/a>, along the stretch of northern California known as the “Lost Coast.” To qualify, lands are supposed to have “exceptional scientific, cultural, ecological, historical, and recreational values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at this proposed National Conservation Area -- especially this south end at Lake Berryessa -- this in no way falls under what would be suitable for an NCA in my opinion,\" Kilkus says. \"It’s totally man-made, in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True, Berryessa’s not a natural lake. It was created in 1957 when the Bureau of Reclamation penned up Putah Creek with the 300-foot-high Monticello Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53374\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53374 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"360\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Before the lake was here, it was a huge farming community,\" Kilkus explains. \"Then they built the dam, kicked all the people out. And they put in a lake. Even the fish are not indigenous.\" But down at the south end of Berryessa, the conflict doesn’t seem to be about fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many, the thrum of jet skis and power boats is the pulse of the Lake Berryessa economy -- an economy that has suffered in recent years, as an unfolding government snafu caused the shutdown of five of the lake's seven marinas. At first, the proposed NCA set off alarms that this kind of “motorized recreation” might be banned on the lake. Others worried that it might mean more restricted access to the lands themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn’t affect anybody’s private property,\" Congressman Mike Thompson told me at a recent town hall meeting. \"It’s federally owned property that will always be federally owned property.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second time that Thompson, a Democrat, has put up a bill to designate this swath of land as an NCA. Barbara Boxer has a similar bill in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re providing this designation so all the federal agencies can better coordinate and better work together to get more bang for the taxpayer dollars,\" said Thompson. \"Now how in the world anybody could be opposed to that is beyond me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, lawmakers wrote in a promise not to mess with motorized recreation on the lake. That seemed to satisfy Marty Rodden, who runs the boat rentals at Markley Cove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope so,\" he told me, in between tinkering with outboard motors and casting off pontoon boats loaded with partiers. \"Considering that this is how I make my living, and I’ll be out of business [if motors are banned].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodden says he’s hopeful that once under a new multi-agency management plan, some of the abandoned resorts around the lake might come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a lot less going on up here,\" he reflected. \"I believe there was about a million visitors a year, and we’re probably down to 250,000, so it’s taken a really hard hit on everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"- Peter Kilkus\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kilkus and others around Lake Berryessa are still skeptical. They’re concerned that once the land is redesignated, the government might yield to pressure from wilderness advocates and change the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you read the guiding documents behind a NCA, it gives the government huge latitude to do almost anything they want,\" says Kilkus. \"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, the bill will confront another group of skeptics. It now runs the gantlet of congressional committees, including the House Natural Resources Committee, which has not been real receptive of late to designating new protected lands. A committee is expected to hear the Senate version sometime in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 649px\">\u003ca href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53387\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53387 \" title=\"Map: Berryessa-Snow Mountain NCA\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg\" alt=\"NCA_Map130305\" width=\"649\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg 1081w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-400x552.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-800x1104.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-960x1325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed 100-mile-long National Conservation Area, from Lake Berryessa at the south end, to the Mendocino National Forest in the north. Green areas are managed by the US Forest Service, gold areas by the Bureau of Land Management. (Map: Tuleyome)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "A Wild Kingdom Right in the Middle of San Jose",
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"content": "\u003cp>Who knew? Downtown San Jose is booming with exotic wildlife. Earlier this month came \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/beavers-return-to-san-jose/\" rel=\"noopener\">news that beavers had returned to the Guadalupe River\u003c/a> after a long absence. Now \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/downtown-san-joses-wildlife-is-a-good-sign-for-animals-and/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> an update on the falcons that are making their nest on top of San Jose’s City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week biologist \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/downtown-san-joses-wildlife-is-a-good-sign-for-animals-and/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/downtown-san-joses-wildlife-is-a-good-sign-for-animals-and/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"A Wild Kingdom Right in the Middle of San Jose\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>Who knew? Downtown San Jose is booming with exotic wildlife. Earlier this month came \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/beavers-return-to-san-jose/\" rel=\"noopener\">news that beavers had returned to the Guadalupe River\u003c/a> after a long absence. Now \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/downtown-san-joses-wildlife-is-a-good-sign-for-animals-and/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">...\u003c/a> an update on the falcons that are making their nest on top of San Jose's City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week biologist \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/downtown-san-joses-wildlife-is-a-good-sign-for-animals-and/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">...\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Who knew? Downtown San Jose is booming with exotic wildlife. Earlier this month came \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/beavers-return-to-san-jose/\" rel=\"noopener\">news that beavers had returned to the Guadalupe River\u003c/a> after a long absence. Now \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/downtown-san-joses-wildlife-is-a-good-sign-for-animals-and/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> an update on the falcons that are making their nest on top of San Jose’s City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week biologist \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/downtown-san-joses-wildlife-is-a-good-sign-for-animals-and/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/downtown-san-joses-wildlife-is-a-good-sign-for-animals-and/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"A Wild Kingdom Right in the Middle of San Jose\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Q: What has the wingspan of a Boeing 747 but weighs the same as an average car?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: The first solar-powered aircraft able to fly both day and night. The Swiss-engineered Solar Impulse airplane came to town last month. It’s scheduled to start a coast-to-coast journey next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But grab your binoculars. Today is its final test flight before the voyage and it will be flying around two iconic Bay Area bridges this afternoon and evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95048\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 425px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/23/where-and-when-to-catch-a-glimpse-of-first-night-flying-solar-plane-today/solar_plane/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-95048\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-95048 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Solar_plane-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"The Solar Impulse plane on a test flight near the San Francisco Bay.\" width=\"425\" height=\"283\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Solar Impulse plane on a test flight near San Francisco Bay. (Photo: Solar Impulse)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I spoke to Solar Impulse CEO André Borschberg this morning. He had some insight on the best places to watch for the plane today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between 3 and 6 (p.m.) it will be slightly west of the Golden Gate Bridge, and from about 6:30 to 8 it will be slightly north of the Bay Bridge,” said Borschberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those interested in positioning themselves to catch a glimpse, there is \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarimpulse.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a real-time map of the plane’s progress\u003c/a> on the company’s landing page. Borschberg said the plane will be flying at about 3,000 feet, which could make it difficult to see. But it’s not exactly inconspicuous. There are very few objects in the sky with the breadth of a jumbo jet that fly an average of 43 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s quite a fuselage,” Borschberg said. “If you see it once you will not forget it. It has a different shape than a normal airplane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plane is able to fly at night by taking in more than 1 horsepower (HP) of light power for each square meter of surface at midday. With 200 square meters of panels, the plane’s engines get an average of 8 HP over 24 hours. That is roughly the amount of power that was available to the Wright brothers on their first flight in 1903.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said that by making the propulsion chain as efficient as possible, they’ve been able to achieve the nighttime flying breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borschberg said it was a natural decision to choose the Bay Area and, in particular, Silicon Valley’s Moffett Field for the plane’s initial cross-country voyage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us it’s the heart of the world technology. From that perspective it’s very symbolic,” said Borschberg. “And to be at the place owned by NASA was also very important for us. We have been so much inspired by all the pioneers who developed aviation, developed space travel. For us it was, in a way, paying tribute to this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Solar Impulse is scheduled to take off from Moffett Field on May 1 for Phoenix, the first leg of its journey. The plane will be on the ground for several days at each stop along the way. The final destination will be New York City’s John F. Kennedy International Airport in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two Bay Area kids are \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopextinction.org/esd/434-2013-art.html\">semi-finalists\u003c/a> in a national art contest celebrating endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First-grader Hannah Chacko, of San Francisco, turned in this colorful drawing of the endangered San Francisco garter snake. (Perhaps a new t-shirt design for the city’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Judge-says-golf-can-stay-at-Sharp-Park-4101144.php\">Sharp Park Golf Course\u003c/a>?) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2HannahChacko.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2HannahChacko-224x169.jpg\" alt=\"H\" width=\"224\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-52787\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster City’s Kevin Huo, an eighth grader, submitted one of the most impressionistic entries in the bunch: this vivid depiction of an albatross – legendary protector of sailors -- soaring above a boat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/6-8-Kevin-Huo-130x169.jpg\" alt=\"Albatross, Kevin Huo\" width=\"130\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-52785\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contest is sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Endangered Species Coalition, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the International Child Art Foundation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2-Ava-Bribiesco.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2-Ava-Bribiesco-221x169.jpg\" alt=\"T\" width=\"221\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-52786\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top honors went to kindergartener Ava Bribiesco of St. Louis, Missouri, for her collage of the American Burying Beetle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contest is sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Endangered Species Coalition, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the International Child Art Foundation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2-Ava-Bribiesco.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/K-2-Ava-Bribiesco-221x169.jpg\" alt=\"T\" width=\"221\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-52786\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top honors went to kindergartener Ava Bribiesco of St. Louis, Missouri, for her collage of the American Burying Beetle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-style:italic;font-size:16px\">By \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201303280850/b\" rel=\"noopener\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>\u003c/span> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ftpimagefix\" style=\"float:left\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201303280850/b\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2012/02/29/Delta.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\n\tGovernor Jerry Brown's administration has released more details about its $23 billion plan to build two 35-mile tunnels between the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and farms and cities elsewhere in the state. But environmentalists, worried about what will happen to fish in that water, are no more enchanted with the project than they were before the release of Chapter 5 of the draft Bay Delta Conservation Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201303280850/b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Report Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Key State Report to Show How Water Tunnels Will Impact Endangered Fish",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92504\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/03/26/key-state-report-to-show-how-water-tunnels-will-impact-endangered-fish/deltasmelt-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-92504\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-92504\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/03/DeltaSmelt-300x253.jpg\" alt=\"How much freshwater does the Delta smelt need? State officials say they'll decide later. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How much freshwater does the Delta smelt need? State officials say they'll decide later. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This month, new details have emerged about Gov. Jerry Brown’s $23 billion plan to build new plumbing in the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. It could be the state’s largest water project in a generation, consisting of two massive, 40-foot-wide tunnels and thousands of acres of habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, state water officials will release new studies with environmental details that could determine its fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis is part of a massive document that spells out Brown's Delta plan. Known as the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a> (BDCP), it is being released in parts during March and April. The sections released Wednesday outline the Brown administration's predictions about how salmon, smelt and other endangered fish and wildlife in the Delta would be affected if the two massive tunnels are built.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new infrastructure is needed, state officials say, because in the current system, water pumping must be slowed down to protect the Delta's wildlife, affecting the water supply for millions of Californians from the Bay Area to San Diego and for millions of acres of Central Valley farmland, based on the impact on endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago, the administration’s first draft of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan was in trouble, after it showed the tunnels might harm populations of fish. “It did not get a good reception,” said Leo Winternitz of the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal and state wildlife agencies \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/07/23/water-wars-set-to-reignite-as-governor-moves-ahead-with-massive-water-plan/\">pointed to harmful impacts\u003c/a> the project would have on endangered Chinook salmon and Delta smelt. Those agencies – \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/\">US Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"National%20Marine%20Fisheries%20Service\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> – are responsible for permitting the plan. In a document known as the “\u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Files/Effects_Analysis_-_Fish_Agency_Red_Flag_Comments_and_Responses_4-25-12.pdf\">Red Flag Comments\u003c/a>,” they spelled out the problems that could have led to a veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the Brown administration can show that the tunnels would help restore the crashing fish populations, the project is very likely doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to be able to make a finding that the project as a whole is going to contribute to the recovery of the species,” said Carl Wilcox of the Department of Fish and Wildlife at the time. “If the analysis says, well, they’re going to do worse under the plan, we’re not going to be able to permit it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, officials at the Department of Water Resources say they’ve been working hand in hand with wildlife agencies about the concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a plan here that we believe will enjoy a lot of consensus from all of the agencies that worked on it,” said Mark Cowin, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>, at the release of the first four chapters of the plan in early March. “It was very difficult to come by and frankly we’re pretty proud of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a first step, Gov. Jerry Brown announced last summer that the size of the proposed tunnels would shrink. The 35-mile tunnels would withdraw water at the north end of the Delta and deliver it south, where it feeds into hundreds of miles of canals that carry water to Southern California, the Central Valley and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’ve got a plan here that we believe will enjoy a lot of consensus from all of the agencies that worked on it.\" - Mark Cowin, director of the Department of Water Resources\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The original tunnels had the capacity to carry 10 billion gallons of water over a 24-hour period and had five intake points. The new proposal would have three intakes and could hold close to six billion gallons a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as much as the size of the tunnels has been debated, the amount of water that they’ll carry has been the focus of the environmental community and the water contractors who will pay the construction costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s All about Freshwater\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some years, more that 50 percent of the Delta’s water is pumped out before it reaches San Francisco Bay, diverted for use in cities and on farms. Many scientists say this has been a major factor causing the decline of Delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, federal wildlife agencies put new rules in place to protect the three-inch fish, found only in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Those rules were quickly the topic of a lawsuit from water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt prefer low-salinity water, the mixing zone between freshwater from the rivers and brackish water of San Francisco Bay. \u003ca href=\"http://baydelta.wordpress.com/2011/09/13/opportunity-to-enhance-delta-smelt-science-scrapped-by-wanger-compromise-part-1/\">This zone, known as X2\u003c/a>, shifts back and forth depending on tides, runoff and water diversions. The more freshwater flowing out of the Delta, the farther this zone is pushed toward the bay. Federal scientists specified that in wet years, the low-salinity zone should be closer to Suisun Bay to create as much habitat as possible for young Delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another imperiled fish, longfin smelt, also depends on freshwater flows in the spring. “There’s a relationship and it’s a long-established relationship between outflow and longfin smelt abundance,” said Carl Wilcox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife agencies pointed out the first BDCP draft didn’t include these freshwater flow protections. In the plan’s own analysis, smelt species either showed no improvement or even showed a decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Decision Tree\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new proposal now includes freshwater flow requirements in the spring and fall for fish, but they’re part of what’s being called “the decision tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say that 30,000 acres of tidal marsh habitat will be restored before the new tunnels begin operation – an unprecedented amount for the Delta. “30,000 is a big number,” says Winternitz. “But look at it in context. It used to be 700,000 acres of tidal marsh. We’ve lost 90 percent of that, so 30,000 is a drop in the bucket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That habitat restoration could help Delta smelt and other fish populations come back, something that would be considered in a decade or so as part of the decision tree. If they show substantial improvement, spring and fall flow rules may not be required. If not, they’d be put into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This postpones the final decision until theoretically we know more about those actions,” said Carl Wilcox, “keeping in mind that for Fall X2, it’s only happened once and there’s an ongoing research program to look at the benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials say this will allow them to adaptively manage the ecosystem, while others worry that they’re punting on unpopular decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current proposal for outflow isn’t necessarily woeful deficient, but it’s very deficient,” said Doug Obegi, staff attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a>. “On spring outflow, the current proposal looks at everything from things being a lot worse than they are today to some relatively minor improvements. It’s really far below what’s needed to restore native fish populations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't have any confusion,” said Chuck Bonham, director of the Department of Fish and Wildlife. “Fish need enough water of the right quality at the right time of year, period. And I think this plan reflects that concept. Where there’s still remaining discussion: just precisely how much and when.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision tree will ultimately affect how much water is delivered to users around the state. Early numbers show that between 4.8 million and 5.6 million acre-feet of water would be exported, close the average for the last 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The low end of the range would be the status quo and the high end of the range would dramatically higher exports than today,” says Obegi. “So they’re not even contemplating meaningful reductions in exports that would allow for greater flows into San Francisco Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state will release the final chapters of the draft plan in April, which will include the estimated costs. Another full public draft will be released in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92504\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/03/26/key-state-report-to-show-how-water-tunnels-will-impact-endangered-fish/deltasmelt-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-92504\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-92504\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/03/DeltaSmelt-300x253.jpg\" alt=\"How much freshwater does the Delta smelt need? State officials say they'll decide later. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How much freshwater does the Delta smelt need? State officials say they'll decide later. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This month, new details have emerged about Gov. Jerry Brown’s $23 billion plan to build new plumbing in the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. It could be the state’s largest water project in a generation, consisting of two massive, 40-foot-wide tunnels and thousands of acres of habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, state water officials will release new studies with environmental details that could determine its fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis is part of a massive document that spells out Brown's Delta plan. Known as the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a> (BDCP), it is being released in parts during March and April. The sections released Wednesday outline the Brown administration's predictions about how salmon, smelt and other endangered fish and wildlife in the Delta would be affected if the two massive tunnels are built.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new infrastructure is needed, state officials say, because in the current system, water pumping must be slowed down to protect the Delta's wildlife, affecting the water supply for millions of Californians from the Bay Area to San Diego and for millions of acres of Central Valley farmland, based on the impact on endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago, the administration’s first draft of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan was in trouble, after it showed the tunnels might harm populations of fish. “It did not get a good reception,” said Leo Winternitz of the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal and state wildlife agencies \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/07/23/water-wars-set-to-reignite-as-governor-moves-ahead-with-massive-water-plan/\">pointed to harmful impacts\u003c/a> the project would have on endangered Chinook salmon and Delta smelt. Those agencies – \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/\">US Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"National%20Marine%20Fisheries%20Service\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> – are responsible for permitting the plan. In a document known as the “\u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Files/Effects_Analysis_-_Fish_Agency_Red_Flag_Comments_and_Responses_4-25-12.pdf\">Red Flag Comments\u003c/a>,” they spelled out the problems that could have led to a veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the Brown administration can show that the tunnels would help restore the crashing fish populations, the project is very likely doomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to be able to make a finding that the project as a whole is going to contribute to the recovery of the species,” said Carl Wilcox of the Department of Fish and Wildlife at the time. “If the analysis says, well, they’re going to do worse under the plan, we’re not going to be able to permit it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, officials at the Department of Water Resources say they’ve been working hand in hand with wildlife agencies about the concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a plan here that we believe will enjoy a lot of consensus from all of the agencies that worked on it,” said Mark Cowin, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>, at the release of the first four chapters of the plan in early March. “It was very difficult to come by and frankly we’re pretty proud of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a first step, Gov. Jerry Brown announced last summer that the size of the proposed tunnels would shrink. The 35-mile tunnels would withdraw water at the north end of the Delta and deliver it south, where it feeds into hundreds of miles of canals that carry water to Southern California, the Central Valley and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’ve got a plan here that we believe will enjoy a lot of consensus from all of the agencies that worked on it.\" - Mark Cowin, director of the Department of Water Resources\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The original tunnels had the capacity to carry 10 billion gallons of water over a 24-hour period and had five intake points. The new proposal would have three intakes and could hold close to six billion gallons a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as much as the size of the tunnels has been debated, the amount of water that they’ll carry has been the focus of the environmental community and the water contractors who will pay the construction costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s All about Freshwater\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some years, more that 50 percent of the Delta’s water is pumped out before it reaches San Francisco Bay, diverted for use in cities and on farms. Many scientists say this has been a major factor causing the decline of Delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, federal wildlife agencies put new rules in place to protect the three-inch fish, found only in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Those rules were quickly the topic of a lawsuit from water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt prefer low-salinity water, the mixing zone between freshwater from the rivers and brackish water of San Francisco Bay. \u003ca href=\"http://baydelta.wordpress.com/2011/09/13/opportunity-to-enhance-delta-smelt-science-scrapped-by-wanger-compromise-part-1/\">This zone, known as X2\u003c/a>, shifts back and forth depending on tides, runoff and water diversions. The more freshwater flowing out of the Delta, the farther this zone is pushed toward the bay. Federal scientists specified that in wet years, the low-salinity zone should be closer to Suisun Bay to create as much habitat as possible for young Delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another imperiled fish, longfin smelt, also depends on freshwater flows in the spring. “There’s a relationship and it’s a long-established relationship between outflow and longfin smelt abundance,” said Carl Wilcox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife agencies pointed out the first BDCP draft didn’t include these freshwater flow protections. In the plan’s own analysis, smelt species either showed no improvement or even showed a decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Decision Tree\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new proposal now includes freshwater flow requirements in the spring and fall for fish, but they’re part of what’s being called “the decision tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say that 30,000 acres of tidal marsh habitat will be restored before the new tunnels begin operation – an unprecedented amount for the Delta. “30,000 is a big number,” says Winternitz. “But look at it in context. It used to be 700,000 acres of tidal marsh. We’ve lost 90 percent of that, so 30,000 is a drop in the bucket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That habitat restoration could help Delta smelt and other fish populations come back, something that would be considered in a decade or so as part of the decision tree. If they show substantial improvement, spring and fall flow rules may not be required. If not, they’d be put into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This postpones the final decision until theoretically we know more about those actions,” said Carl Wilcox, “keeping in mind that for Fall X2, it’s only happened once and there’s an ongoing research program to look at the benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials say this will allow them to adaptively manage the ecosystem, while others worry that they’re punting on unpopular decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current proposal for outflow isn’t necessarily woeful deficient, but it’s very deficient,” said Doug Obegi, staff attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a>. “On spring outflow, the current proposal looks at everything from things being a lot worse than they are today to some relatively minor improvements. It’s really far below what’s needed to restore native fish populations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't have any confusion,” said Chuck Bonham, director of the Department of Fish and Wildlife. “Fish need enough water of the right quality at the right time of year, period. And I think this plan reflects that concept. Where there’s still remaining discussion: just precisely how much and when.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision tree will ultimately affect how much water is delivered to users around the state. Early numbers show that between 4.8 million and 5.6 million acre-feet of water would be exported, close the average for the last 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The low end of the range would be the status quo and the high end of the range would dramatically higher exports than today,” says Obegi. “So they’re not even contemplating meaningful reductions in exports that would allow for greater flows into San Francisco Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state will release the final chapters of the draft plan in April, which will include the estimated costs. Another full public draft will be released in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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