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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53477\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53477\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53477\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1.jpg\" alt=\"A tour group explores California Cavern.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While most people are out enjoying the warmer weather spring offers, there are some who cannot wait to make their way underground. With the rainy season behind us, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Caverns\" target=\"_blank\">California Caverns\u003c/a> are opening up for those who aren't afraid of the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tour guides interpret the eerie speleothems (cave formations), created by water droplets and mineral deposits. Most of the formations follow the laws of gravity. Stalactites appear to grow downward as water droplets following down the same path leave minerals behind. Stalagmites on the other hand, appear to grow upward, as water droplets fall and land in the same place depositing minerals over time. Helictite crystals, however, actually defy gravity. Although their formation is not fully understood, water pressure and capillary forces are said to play a key role. This results in one of the most delicate, extraterrestrial-looking speleothems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53476\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53476\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53476\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg\" alt=\"Helictite formations at Black Chasm Cavern.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Simpler formation names inspired by more familiar objects include \"soda straws,\" \"angel wings,\" and \"bacon.\" Their formation is so slow, a speleothem that is a couple inches long can be several hundred years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53475\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53475\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53475\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4.jpg\" alt='\"Angel Wing\" formations are created by mineral deposits as water droplets flow down cave walls.' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although bats are an iconic cave inhabitant, you won't find them here. Small crustaceans are one of the few residents confirmed living in this isolated environment. One species is endemic to Black Chasm Cavern, meaning, the entire population exists only in that cave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An environment that is so secluded means that the slightest disturbance can throw its ecosystem off balance. Algae has unnaturally began to grow in the caves because of the heat given off by light bulbs. When touring, it is important to observe the formations without touching them, as the oils from our skin can degrade the fragile speleothems. To help preserve these chambers, tour guides will immediately turn lights off when leaving, and in California Cavern, a pristine chamber called the \"Jungle Room\" is only shown to visitors who have demonstrated respect for the cave and its rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave2-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53478\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1.jpg\" alt=\"A flood in California Cavern makes a wonderful habitat for small invertebrates.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Located just 3 hours from San Francisco, exploring \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/BlackRt.htm\">Black Chasm Cavern\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/CalifRt.htm\">California Cavern\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/MoCavRt.htm\">Moaning Cavern\u003c/a> is a fascinating way to spend the weekend for all ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53477\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53477\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53477\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1.jpg\" alt=\"A tour group explores California Cavern.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While most people are out enjoying the warmer weather spring offers, there are some who cannot wait to make their way underground. With the rainy season behind us, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Caverns\" target=\"_blank\">California Caverns\u003c/a> are opening up for those who aren't afraid of the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tour guides interpret the eerie speleothems (cave formations), created by water droplets and mineral deposits. Most of the formations follow the laws of gravity. Stalactites appear to grow downward as water droplets following down the same path leave minerals behind. Stalagmites on the other hand, appear to grow upward, as water droplets fall and land in the same place depositing minerals over time. Helictite crystals, however, actually defy gravity. Although their formation is not fully understood, water pressure and capillary forces are said to play a key role. This results in one of the most delicate, extraterrestrial-looking speleothems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53476\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53476\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53476\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg\" alt=\"Helictite formations at Black Chasm Cavern.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave3-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Simpler formation names inspired by more familiar objects include \"soda straws,\" \"angel wings,\" and \"bacon.\" Their formation is so slow, a speleothem that is a couple inches long can be several hundred years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53475\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53475\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53475\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4.jpg\" alt='\"Angel Wing\" formations are created by mineral deposits as water droplets flow down cave walls.' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave4-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although bats are an iconic cave inhabitant, you won't find them here. Small crustaceans are one of the few residents confirmed living in this isolated environment. One species is endemic to Black Chasm Cavern, meaning, the entire population exists only in that cave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An environment that is so secluded means that the slightest disturbance can throw its ecosystem off balance. Algae has unnaturally began to grow in the caves because of the heat given off by light bulbs. When touring, it is important to observe the formations without touching them, as the oils from our skin can degrade the fragile speleothems. To help preserve these chambers, tour guides will immediately turn lights off when leaving, and in California Cavern, a pristine chamber called the \"Jungle Room\" is only shown to visitors who have demonstrated respect for the cave and its rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/07/exploring-caves-in-californi-an-otherworldly-experience/cave2-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53478\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-53478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1.jpg\" alt=\"A flood in California Cavern makes a wonderful habitat for small invertebrates.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/cave2-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Located just 3 hours from San Francisco, exploring \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/BlackRt.htm\">Black Chasm Cavern\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/CalifRt.htm\">California Cavern\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.caverntours.com/MoCavRt.htm\">Moaning Cavern\u003c/a> is a fascinating way to spend the weekend for all ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this half-hour special, QUEST Northern California explores genetically engineered crops in the wake of Proposition 37, the 2012 ballot initiative that would have required foods containing genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled in California. Prop 37 lost, but some 6 million Californians voted in favor of labeling, signaling that many aren't completely comfortable with genetically engineered food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are the benefits of genetically engineered foods worth the risks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next Meal: Engineering Food\u003c/strong> explores how genetically engineered crops are made, their pros and cons, and what the future holds for research and regulations such as labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ever wondered what genetically engineered crops and other foods are in the pipeline?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Click through the map below and find out what's in your next meal... or in the forest on your next camping trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a bigger version of this map, click on the link below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googlemaps https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&output=embed&w=640&h=360]\u003cbr>\nView \u003ca href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&source=embed\">Genetically Engineered Foods in the Pipeline\u003c/a> in a larger map\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Conventional plant breeding vs. genetic engineering – 5 differences:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. When did we start using each technique?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Plant breeding is some 10,000 years old – as old as agriculture itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ancestors of tomatoes were the size of my thumb and they tasted very bad,” said \u003ca title=\"Eduardo Blumwald's lab at UC Davis\" href=\"http://blumwald.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Eduardo Blumwald\u003c/a>, plant biologist at the University of California at Davis. “And breeding gave us what we have right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54133\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tomato-paste.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tomato-paste-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tomato paste made from genetically engineered tomatoes in the mid-1990s.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the mid-1990s, tomatoes genetically engineered in California were made into a tomato paste that sold well in England. But the tomatoes were short-lived. Photo: Alan McHughen.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first genetically engineered food to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, was sold by Calgene, a Davis company, starting in 1994. The tomato was engineered to stay firm on the vine for longer, but it was short-lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto, the Missouri-based seed company, started selling genetically engineered soybeans and cotton in 1996. The soybeans tolerate the herbicide Roundup, so that farmers can spray it on weeds without hurting their crop in the process. The cotton keeps away pests like the bollworm.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. How do these two techniques work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Classical plant breeding involves taking the female eggs from one plant and bringing them together with the male parts of another plant,” said \u003ca title=\"Peggy Lemaux, UC Berkeley\" href=\"http://pmb.berkeley.edu/profile/plemaux\" target=\"_blank\">Peggy Lemaux\u003c/a>, plant biologist at the University of California at Berkeley. “And then all that genetic information gets mixed up. Half of the information in the progeny – or children – of that cross comes from the mother and half comes from the father. And it just all gets mixed up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the plant, breeders use different strategies to cross them. Corn breeders, for example, gather pollen from female plants and shake it onto male plants. \u003ca title=\"Cucumber breeding\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5a-coN2Xgg&list=UUqyLv50NSDw9MHhtZ3OBrBw&index=8\" target=\"_blank\">Plants such as cucumbers\u003c/a> usually contain both female and male flowers on each plant. Breeders remove the male part from one flower and attach it to a female flower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54129\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Gene-gun.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54129\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Gene-gun-300x169.jpg\" alt='\"Gene gun\" at the University of California-Berkeley' width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plant biologist Peggy Lemaux, at the University of California-Berkeley, uses a \"gene gun\" to genetically engineer crops like corn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In contrast with breeding, genetic engineering involves only one or a few genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With genetic engineering, it’s just moving very small parts of the genetic information. You might take it out of one plant and move it into another plant,” said Lemaux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In genetic engineering, genes can be transported into a plant by a type of soil bacterium. Or they can be injected into a plant using a tool called a gene gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. What can you do with each one?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classical plant breeding allows scientists to do things like breed disease resistance or a higher-protein content into crops like wheat, said \u003ca title=\"UC Davis Wheat Breeding Program\" href=\"http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/dubcovsky/Breeding/WheatBreedingUCD.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Jorge Dubcovsky\u003c/a>, leader of the wheat breeding program at the University of California at Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they’re breeding, scientists have to cross plants that are closely related to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Classical breeding is done between closely related plants, so you might take a wild variety of rice, for example, and you could cross that with modern cultivated rice,” said Peggy Lemaux. “However, maybe there are traits that you want, that you can’t find in a wild variety of rice. Maybe you want to introduce some vitamin or mineral, and you can’t find a wild rice species that would give you that particular trait. So what you have to do is you have to go and find some other organism that does make, let’s say, vitamin A, and you can pull that information out from that plant and put it in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that scenario, genetic engineering would be required. Engineering would also be required to tweak a gene in such a way that it produces more or less of a desired trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Is conventional plant breeding low-tech, while genetic engineering is high-tech?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetic engineering can be more expensive than conventional plant breeding, and is usually faster. But this doesn’t mean that breeding is as low-tech as you might think. In the past 15 years or so, plant breeders have been able to speed up the crossing process by using \u003ca title=\"Marker Assisted Selection in Wheat \" href=\"http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/Education/animations/anim_mas.htm\" target=\"_blank\">genetic markers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The markers allow me to see the genes that I have bred into a plant,” said Jorge Dubcovsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many genes that scientists set out to breed into plants are difficult to see and expensive to find within the plant. A genetic marker is a piece of DNA that is easy to see and inexpensive to find within a plant. So scientists identify the markers that are on either side of the gene they’re trying to breed into a plant. This way, when they have crossed their plants to contain that gene, they can easily and inexpensively find out which plants contain their gene of interest by looking for the markers, rather than for the gene. Markers are like tiny flags on either side of the gene that make it visible to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. Do scientists do either one \u003cem>or \u003c/em>the other?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually, some researchers specialize in plant breeding and others in genetic engineering. But both types of scientists work closely to improve crops, said Eduardo Blumwald, who is genetically engineering rice to be drought-tolerant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are placing new genes in those varieties which plant breeders have bred,” said Blumwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this half-hour special, QUEST Northern California explores genetically engineered crops in the wake of Proposition 37, the 2012 ballot initiative that would have required foods containing genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled in California. Prop 37 lost, but some 6 million Californians voted in favor of labeling, signaling that many aren't completely comfortable with genetically engineered food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are the benefits of genetically engineered foods worth the risks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Next Meal: Engineering Food\u003c/strong> explores how genetically engineered crops are made, their pros and cons, and what the future holds for research and regulations such as labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ever wondered what genetically engineered crops and other foods are in the pipeline?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Click through the map below and find out what's in your next meal... or in the forest on your next camping trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a bigger version of this map, click on the link below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&output=embed&w=640&h=360'\n title='https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&output=embed&w=640&h=360'\n width='640'\n height='360'\n scrolling='no'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nView \u003ca href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211580250479282103391.0004da1d4aa08ab1a467c&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=m&ll=41.244772,-18.28125&spn=90.563657,225&z=2&source=embed\">Genetically Engineered Foods in the Pipeline\u003c/a> in a larger map\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Conventional plant breeding vs. genetic engineering – 5 differences:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. When did we start using each technique?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Plant breeding is some 10,000 years old – as old as agriculture itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ancestors of tomatoes were the size of my thumb and they tasted very bad,” said \u003ca title=\"Eduardo Blumwald's lab at UC Davis\" href=\"http://blumwald.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Eduardo Blumwald\u003c/a>, plant biologist at the University of California at Davis. “And breeding gave us what we have right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54133\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tomato-paste.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tomato-paste-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tomato paste made from genetically engineered tomatoes in the mid-1990s.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the mid-1990s, tomatoes genetically engineered in California were made into a tomato paste that sold well in England. But the tomatoes were short-lived. Photo: Alan McHughen.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first genetically engineered food to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, was sold by Calgene, a Davis company, starting in 1994. The tomato was engineered to stay firm on the vine for longer, but it was short-lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto, the Missouri-based seed company, started selling genetically engineered soybeans and cotton in 1996. The soybeans tolerate the herbicide Roundup, so that farmers can spray it on weeds without hurting their crop in the process. The cotton keeps away pests like the bollworm.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. How do these two techniques work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Classical plant breeding involves taking the female eggs from one plant and bringing them together with the male parts of another plant,” said \u003ca title=\"Peggy Lemaux, UC Berkeley\" href=\"http://pmb.berkeley.edu/profile/plemaux\" target=\"_blank\">Peggy Lemaux\u003c/a>, plant biologist at the University of California at Berkeley. “And then all that genetic information gets mixed up. Half of the information in the progeny – or children – of that cross comes from the mother and half comes from the father. And it just all gets mixed up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the plant, breeders use different strategies to cross them. Corn breeders, for example, gather pollen from female plants and shake it onto male plants. \u003ca title=\"Cucumber breeding\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5a-coN2Xgg&list=UUqyLv50NSDw9MHhtZ3OBrBw&index=8\" target=\"_blank\">Plants such as cucumbers\u003c/a> usually contain both female and male flowers on each plant. Breeders remove the male part from one flower and attach it to a female flower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54129\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Gene-gun.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-54129\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Gene-gun-300x169.jpg\" alt='\"Gene gun\" at the University of California-Berkeley' width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plant biologist Peggy Lemaux, at the University of California-Berkeley, uses a \"gene gun\" to genetically engineer crops like corn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In contrast with breeding, genetic engineering involves only one or a few genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With genetic engineering, it’s just moving very small parts of the genetic information. You might take it out of one plant and move it into another plant,” said Lemaux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In genetic engineering, genes can be transported into a plant by a type of soil bacterium. Or they can be injected into a plant using a tool called a gene gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. What can you do with each one?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classical plant breeding allows scientists to do things like breed disease resistance or a higher-protein content into crops like wheat, said \u003ca title=\"UC Davis Wheat Breeding Program\" href=\"http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/dubcovsky/Breeding/WheatBreedingUCD.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Jorge Dubcovsky\u003c/a>, leader of the wheat breeding program at the University of California at Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they’re breeding, scientists have to cross plants that are closely related to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Classical breeding is done between closely related plants, so you might take a wild variety of rice, for example, and you could cross that with modern cultivated rice,” said Peggy Lemaux. “However, maybe there are traits that you want, that you can’t find in a wild variety of rice. Maybe you want to introduce some vitamin or mineral, and you can’t find a wild rice species that would give you that particular trait. So what you have to do is you have to go and find some other organism that does make, let’s say, vitamin A, and you can pull that information out from that plant and put it in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that scenario, genetic engineering would be required. Engineering would also be required to tweak a gene in such a way that it produces more or less of a desired trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Is conventional plant breeding low-tech, while genetic engineering is high-tech?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetic engineering can be more expensive than conventional plant breeding, and is usually faster. But this doesn’t mean that breeding is as low-tech as you might think. In the past 15 years or so, plant breeders have been able to speed up the crossing process by using \u003ca title=\"Marker Assisted Selection in Wheat \" href=\"http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/Education/animations/anim_mas.htm\" target=\"_blank\">genetic markers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The markers allow me to see the genes that I have bred into a plant,” said Jorge Dubcovsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many genes that scientists set out to breed into plants are difficult to see and expensive to find within the plant. A genetic marker is a piece of DNA that is easy to see and inexpensive to find within a plant. So scientists identify the markers that are on either side of the gene they’re trying to breed into a plant. This way, when they have crossed their plants to contain that gene, they can easily and inexpensively find out which plants contain their gene of interest by looking for the markers, rather than for the gene. 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"content": "\u003cp>Several thousand people marched for workers’ rights and immigration reform on \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/02/slideshow-thousands-rally-in-san-jose-for-workers-and-immigrants-rights/\" rel=\"noopener\">May Day\u003c/a> in San Jose. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/files/2013/05/PhotoWeek130503dance.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130503dance\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">Dancers performed outside San Jose City Hall as part of the May Day rallies. Speakers from local labor unions and immigration rights groups called \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/03/news-pix/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/03/news-pix/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"News Pix: San Jose May Day Immigration Rally, Solar Plane Lift Off and Hot Weather\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several thousand people marched for workers’ rights and immigration reform on \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/02/slideshow-thousands-rally-in-san-jose-for-workers-and-immigrants-rights/\" rel=\"noopener\">May Day\u003c/a> in San Jose. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/files/2013/05/PhotoWeek130503dance.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130503dance\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">Dancers performed outside San Jose City Hall as part of the May Day rallies. Speakers from local labor unions and immigration rights groups called \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/03/news-pix/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/03/news-pix/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"News Pix: San Jose May Day Immigration Rally, Solar Plane Lift Off and Hot Weather\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/drakes-bay-oyster-farm-files-new-suits-to-stay-in-point-reyes/\" rel=\"noopener\">controversy\u003c/a> over the Drake’s Bay Oyster Farm, one question has stood out. What did the Lunny family think would happen when their lease ran out at Point Reyes National Seashore?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lease had a clear expiration date: November 30, 2012, and the Lunnys knew that when they took \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/02/95923/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/02/95923/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Drake's Bay Oyster Farm Owner Claims It Was 'Planned for the Seashore'\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/01/top-cats-how-pumas-and-other-apex-predators-populations-affect-the-big-biodiversity-picture/kumalion/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53676\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-53676\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/kumalion-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cat of many names--mountain lion, puma, cougar, catamount, panther, to name a few--speaks to the once widespread distribution of Puma concolor across the continent. The wide-ranging carnivore can adapt to nearly any landscape. It remains to be seen whether it can adapt to the expansive activities of the human being. Photo: Liza Gross\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, a stellar cast of ecologists changed the way conservation scientists think about biodiversity. As we tumble headlong into the sixth great extinction, biologists have focused largely on protecting regions with the highest number of species. By saving the most species, the thinking goes, you’ll conserve the greatest number of ecological interactions and so the greatest biodiversity. But in \u003ca href=\"http://media.longnow.org/files/2/REVIVE/Estes%20et%20al%20(w%20Berger)%20Trophic%20Downgrading%20%20-%20Science%202011.pdf\">a study that drew on ecological theory\u003c/a> and contemporary studies of apex predators like wolves and pumas, the all-star team of ecologists found that some species matter more than others. Losing top predators, they argued, can have far-reaching, irreversible effects on the structure, function and biodiversity of ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecological theory predicts that changes in the abundance and distribution of top predators can cause substantial shifts in ecosystems. And recent studies—many published in the new millennium—have shown how theoretical predictions play out on the landscape. The collapse of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sefs.washington.edu/classes.esrm.450/Anthony.pdf\">sea otter populations\u003c/a> on Amchitka Island in the Aleutian Islands decimated kelp forests by allowing unfettered expansion of sea urchins, the otters’ main food. The loss of wolves in Yellowstone’s Lamar River Valley famously allowed elk to forage with abandon, arresting the development of streamside willows and other riparian vegetation. In Venezuela, forests without jaguars, pumas and eagles had almost no vegetative underbrush compared to the lush understory in forests where predators kept ungulate herbivores in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, according to the study, the loss of large top predators can also lead to soaring rates of wildfires, infectious disease and carbon emissions, and degrade water quality and nutrient cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “top down” trophic cascades, which the ecologists dubbed “trophic downgrading,” have been documented from the poles to the equators and every major biome in between, making the loss of top predators, they wrote, “arguably humankind’s most pervasive influence on the natural world.\" Earth has weathered five mass extinctions but never before at the hands of one species—human beings. And we humans seem hell bent on clearing the Earth of larger bodied apex predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I considered all this as I read a new paper from \u003ca href=\"http://wildlife.ucsc.edu/\">wildlife ecologist Chris Wilmer’s lab\u003c/a> (\u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060590\">published last week in PLOS ONE\u003c/a>) that looks at how human development affects pumas. Like most large carnivores, pumas need vast territories to hunt, find mates and raise young. Pumas living in the San Francisco Bay Area have no such luck. Wilmers, an associate professor of environmental studies at the University of California-Santa Cruz, has been studying the effects of habitat fragmentation on the behavior, ecology and even the physiology of \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/\">pumas around the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/a> He develops cutting-edge GPS collars to track both the location and behavior of his animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fragmented landscapes often pave the way to extinction for wide-ranging large carnivores like pumas, with cascading effects. Freed from the threat of top predators, smaller carnivores like foxes increase in number, driving declines in birds and small mammals. But habitat fragmentation can produce effects similar to extinction because large predators tend to avoid small fragmented parcels. Given the heterogeneous patterns of human developments—with houses and other structures interspersed among natural areas—predicting how animals might respond, and with what consequences, presents a serious challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since pumas make risk-benefit calculations just like the rest of us and typically avoid humans—\u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/whc/programs/mountain_lions/humans.cfm\">their biggest cause of death, aside from roads\u003c/a>—Wilmers wanted to know what factors govern their decisions. He and his team figured the cats would steer clear of neighborhoods, where they’d risk seeing their nemesis in various activities, more than roads, where traffic can be sporadic. And they predicted the cats would respond differently depending on their reproductive status. If running into humans meant losing a meal, that would prove less costly from an evolutionary perspective, than if it meant losing a chance to mate or raise young—since, as any evolutionary biologist will tell you, we exist primarily to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team combined their GPS data with field visits to determine whether cats were simply going about their business—that is, feeding (based on the analysis of GPS data and confirmed by finding prey remains) or moving about the landscape (GPS readings not linked to kill or den sites)—or engaged in reproductive behavior—denning (indicated by a female staying within a spot and making repeated return visits) or communicating (indicated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=A348t8_I8d4\">“scrapes,”\u003c/a> urine-soaked leaves and debris mounded with the hind feet, the puma version of “here’s my number”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the cats’ response to developments varied with their reproductive status. The data collected on their 20 collared pumas (12 females and 8 males) showed that the animals give human developments a wider berth when engaged in reproductive behaviors. Given how frequently human run-ins result in death for pumas around the Bay Area, it’s not surprising that evolutionary pressures selected against placing the next generation at risk. Similarly, the cats seem to have learned that placing their calling card near trails leaves them vulnerable to destruction by hikers and bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it appears that taking care of large cubs makes mom willing to take more risks. The team found that females with dependent young showed higher tolerance for residential developments than males, possibly because they can’t afford to be choosy about where they find prey. Still, one male in the study did go near developments—a young male seeking new territory—an extremely risky behavior that the sexually \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Mountain-lions-straying-into-more-urban-areas-3164598.php\">immature male shot in Berkeley’s Gourmet Ghetto\u003c/a> learned too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that our behavior influences the big cats’ behavior. If you live on the edge of puma habitat and plant lush gardens, you’ll attract deer—and likely their ancient predator. If you don’t safeguard your goats and sheep in enclosed pens at night, you’re just asking for trouble. An astonishing \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/blog/\">eight of the 11 adult pumas\u003c/a> the team studied were shot for attacking livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By understanding where, when and how pumas use their increasingly fragmented habitat, Wilmers and his team can predict how they might respond as development continues. They can also predict, and hopefully mitigate, likely conflicts between humans and the increasingly boxed-in carnivores. But ecologists, even the best ecologists, can do only so much. They need the rest of us to decide whether we’re ready to reverse the trophic downgrading of the planet before it’s too late.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fragmented landscapes often pave the way to extinction for wide-ranging large carnivores like pumas, with cascading effects. Freed from the threat of top predators, smaller carnivores like foxes increase in number, driving declines in birds and small mammals. But habitat fragmentation can produce effects similar to extinction because large predators tend to avoid small fragmented parcels. Given the heterogeneous patterns of human developments—with houses and other structures interspersed among natural areas—predicting how animals might respond, and with what consequences, presents a serious challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since pumas make risk-benefit calculations just like the rest of us and typically avoid humans—\u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/whc/programs/mountain_lions/humans.cfm\">their biggest cause of death, aside from roads\u003c/a>—Wilmers wanted to know what factors govern their decisions. He and his team figured the cats would steer clear of neighborhoods, where they’d risk seeing their nemesis in various activities, more than roads, where traffic can be sporadic. And they predicted the cats would respond differently depending on their reproductive status. If running into humans meant losing a meal, that would prove less costly from an evolutionary perspective, than if it meant losing a chance to mate or raise young—since, as any evolutionary biologist will tell you, we exist primarily to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team combined their GPS data with field visits to determine whether cats were simply going about their business—that is, feeding (based on the analysis of GPS data and confirmed by finding prey remains) or moving about the landscape (GPS readings not linked to kill or den sites)—or engaged in reproductive behavior—denning (indicated by a female staying within a spot and making repeated return visits) or communicating (indicated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=A348t8_I8d4\">“scrapes,”\u003c/a> urine-soaked leaves and debris mounded with the hind feet, the puma version of “here’s my number”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the cats’ response to developments varied with their reproductive status. The data collected on their 20 collared pumas (12 females and 8 males) showed that the animals give human developments a wider berth when engaged in reproductive behaviors. Given how frequently human run-ins result in death for pumas around the Bay Area, it’s not surprising that evolutionary pressures selected against placing the next generation at risk. Similarly, the cats seem to have learned that placing their calling card near trails leaves them vulnerable to destruction by hikers and bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it appears that taking care of large cubs makes mom willing to take more risks. The team found that females with dependent young showed higher tolerance for residential developments than males, possibly because they can’t afford to be choosy about where they find prey. Still, one male in the study did go near developments—a young male seeking new territory—an extremely risky behavior that the sexually \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Mountain-lions-straying-into-more-urban-areas-3164598.php\">immature male shot in Berkeley’s Gourmet Ghetto\u003c/a> learned too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that our behavior influences the big cats’ behavior. If you live on the edge of puma habitat and plant lush gardens, you’ll attract deer—and likely their ancient predator. If you don’t safeguard your goats and sheep in enclosed pens at night, you’re just asking for trouble. An astonishing \u003ca href=\"http://santacruzpumas.org/blog/\">eight of the 11 adult pumas\u003c/a> the team studied were shot for attacking livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By understanding where, when and how pumas use their increasingly fragmented habitat, Wilmers and his team can predict how they might respond as development continues. They can also predict, and hopefully mitigate, likely conflicts between humans and the increasingly boxed-in carnivores. But ecologists, even the best ecologists, can do only so much. They need the rest of us to decide whether we’re ready to reverse the trophic downgrading of the planet before it’s too late.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_95580\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 310px\">\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new plan seeks to cut the Bay Area’s greenhouse gas emissions while the region continues to grow. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This won’t come as a surprise to Bay Area residents: the region is still growing. By one estimate, the Bay Area will add two million \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/29/95579/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/29/95579/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Planning for Climate Change in a Growing Bay Area\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jose Fernandez, 6, left, and Samantha Tovar, 6, hula-hoop prior to the start of the fifth annual \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/2013/04/23/richmond-tales-fest-turns-page-on-literacy-and-healthy-living/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Tales Fest\u003c/a>: An Afternoon of Family Literacy and Healthy Living. (Tyler Orsburn/\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Confidential\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003c/a>On April 22, the U.S. Postal Service \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed it would sell its historic downtown Berkeley building\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"News Pix: Berkeley Post Office to be Sold, Solar Plane Debut, Richmond Celebrates Healthy Living\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cp>Jose Fernandez, 6, left, and Samantha Tovar, 6, hula-hoop prior to the start of the fifth annual \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/2013/04/23/richmond-tales-fest-turns-page-on-literacy-and-healthy-living/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Tales Fest\u003c/a>: An Afternoon of Family Literacy and Healthy Living. (Tyler Orsburn/\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Confidential\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003c/a>On April 22, the U.S. Postal Service \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed it would sell its historic downtown Berkeley building\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">...\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jose Fernandez, 6, left, and Samantha Tovar, 6, hula-hoop prior to the start of the fifth annual \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/2013/04/23/richmond-tales-fest-turns-page-on-literacy-and-healthy-living/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Tales Fest\u003c/a>: An Afternoon of Family Literacy and Healthy Living. (Tyler Orsburn/\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://richmondconfidential.org/\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond Confidential\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003c/a>On April 22, the U.S. Postal Service \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/22/post-office-says-it-will-sell-its-downtown-berkeley-building/\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed it would sell its historic downtown Berkeley building\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">…\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/26/news-pix-berkeley-historic-post/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"News Pix: Berkeley Post Office to be Sold, Solar Plane Debut, Richmond Celebrates Healthy Living\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Another Try For California's Second National Conservation Area",
"title": "Another Try For California's Second National Conservation Area",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On one of those crystalline mornings so rare in California valleys, I joined a small group gathered in front of a coffee shop in the town of Winters, about 30 miles west of Sacramento. But we wouldn’t be lingering there over lattes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plan for the day is to go up to Cold Canyon,\" announced Bob Schneider of the Woodland-based conservation group, \u003ca title=\"Tuleyome - main\" href=\"http://www.tuleyome.org/\">Tuleyome\u003c/a>. \"We’re gonna hike up to the ridge for the views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The views being sought were of what could become the nation’s newest National Conservation Area, tucked into the broad nether region between I-5 and Highway 101. \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA - map\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\">Nearly 350,000 acres\u003c/a> of federal land, the \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/\">Berryessa Snow Mountain Conservation Area\u003c/a> would get permanent protection from mining activity, sale to commercial developers and -- it’s a bit unclear what else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuleyome’s promotional handout calls the region a “largely undiscovered national treasure.” Michael Brune, the national head of the Sierra Club, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes up about a hundred miles to the north to Snow Mountain and in between you’ve got got beautiful wintering habitat for bald eagles,\" Brune told me at a spot along Highway 128, overlooking Putah Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brune has thrown his weight behind the move to set aside this expanse. \"Tule elk are here,\" he added, \"You've got beautiful rolling hills on the western part of the valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild\"- Michael Brune\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Compared to the nation’s 16 existing \u003ca title=\"BLM - NCAs\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS/National_Conservation_Areas.html\">National Conservation Areas\u003c/a>, it would be among the biggest, a patchwork of lands variously managed by the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation, pulling in three already-designated wilderness areas and a sizable chunk of the Mendocino National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild,\" says Brune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you make that hike up one of the ridges off the highway, east of Napa, the area stretches--literally--farther than the eye can see on most days. The \u003ca title=\"USFS - Snow Mtn\" href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/mendocino/recreation/recarea/?recid=25214\">Snow Mountain Wilderness Area\u003c/a> is a hundred miles to the north. Down at the south end, the Conservation Area would encircle Lake Berryessa, a 16,000-acre reservoir and recreational magnet in this part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking with hikers and boaters around the lake, I found few who were even aware of the proposed NCA, let alone knew what it would mean. And that’s where it gets tricky. There seems to be no one set of rules for NCAs. Each one has its own \"site-specific\" set of protections and restrictions.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I say this just doesn’t qualify,\" says Peter Kilkus, who publishes the \u003ca title=\"Lake Berryessa News\" href=\"http://www.lakeberryessanews.com/\">\u003cem>Lake Berryessa News\u003c/em>\u003c/a> website from his 60-acre homestead overlooking the lake. He and some other landowners and business interests have opposed the NCA, saying it’s just not necessary. In February, the Woodland newspaper \u003ca title=\"Woodland Record - op ed\" href=\"http://woodlandrecord.com/letter-yolo-county-farm-bureau-opposes-district-supervisors-berryessa-s-p3062-1.htm\">published an open letter\u003c/a> to Yolo County supervisors from the head of the county's Farm Bureau, charging that an NCA designation \"accomplishes little of merit, other than placing an additional layer of regulation over the affected area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first National Conservation Area was also the nation’s first -- the \u003ca title=\"BLM - King Range\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/arcata/kingrange/index.html\">King Range\u003c/a>, along the stretch of northern California known as the “Lost Coast.” To qualify, lands are supposed to have “exceptional scientific, cultural, ecological, historical, and recreational values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at this proposed National Conservation Area -- especially this south end at Lake Berryessa -- this in no way falls under what would be suitable for an NCA in my opinion,\" Kilkus says. \"It’s totally man-made, in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True, Berryessa’s not a natural lake. It was created in 1957 when the Bureau of Reclamation penned up Putah Creek with the 300-foot-high Monticello Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53374\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53374 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"360\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Before the lake was here, it was a huge farming community,\" Kilkus explains. \"Then they built the dam, kicked all the people out. And they put in a lake. Even the fish are not indigenous.\" But down at the south end of Berryessa, the conflict doesn’t seem to be about fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many, the thrum of jet skis and power boats is the pulse of the Lake Berryessa economy -- an economy that has suffered in recent years, as an unfolding government snafu caused the shutdown of five of the lake's seven marinas. At first, the proposed NCA set off alarms that this kind of “motorized recreation” might be banned on the lake. Others worried that it might mean more restricted access to the lands themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn’t affect anybody’s private property,\" Congressman Mike Thompson told me at a recent town hall meeting. \"It’s federally owned property that will always be federally owned property.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second time that Thompson, a Democrat, has put up a bill to designate this swath of land as an NCA. Barbara Boxer has a similar bill in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re providing this designation so all the federal agencies can better coordinate and better work together to get more bang for the taxpayer dollars,\" said Thompson. \"Now how in the world anybody could be opposed to that is beyond me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, lawmakers wrote in a promise not to mess with motorized recreation on the lake. That seemed to satisfy Marty Rodden, who runs the boat rentals at Markley Cove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope so,\" he told me, in between tinkering with outboard motors and casting off pontoon boats loaded with partiers. \"Considering that this is how I make my living, and I’ll be out of business [if motors are banned].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodden says he’s hopeful that once under a new multi-agency management plan, some of the abandoned resorts around the lake might come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a lot less going on up here,\" he reflected. \"I believe there was about a million visitors a year, and we’re probably down to 250,000, so it’s taken a really hard hit on everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"- Peter Kilkus\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kilkus and others around Lake Berryessa are still skeptical. They’re concerned that once the land is redesignated, the government might yield to pressure from wilderness advocates and change the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you read the guiding documents behind a NCA, it gives the government huge latitude to do almost anything they want,\" says Kilkus. \"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, the bill will confront another group of skeptics. It now runs the gantlet of congressional committees, including the House Natural Resources Committee, which has not been real receptive of late to designating new protected lands. A committee is expected to hear the Senate version sometime in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 649px\">\u003ca href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53387\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53387 \" title=\"Map: Berryessa-Snow Mountain NCA\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg\" alt=\"NCA_Map130305\" width=\"649\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg 1081w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-400x552.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-800x1104.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-960x1325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed 100-mile-long National Conservation Area, from Lake Berryessa at the south end, to the Mendocino National Forest in the north. Green areas are managed by the US Forest Service, gold areas by the Bureau of Land Management. (Map: Tuleyome)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Just north of the Bay Area is a vast and varied expanse of land and water that could be in line for new federal protections. The proposed Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Conservation Area would link wilderness zones and other lands in five counties. But it’s been a tough sell in some parts.",
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"description": "Just north of the Bay Area is a vast and varied expanse of land and water that could be in line for new federal protections. The proposed Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Conservation Area would link wilderness zones and other lands in five counties. But it’s been a tough sell in some parts.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On one of those crystalline mornings so rare in California valleys, I joined a small group gathered in front of a coffee shop in the town of Winters, about 30 miles west of Sacramento. But we wouldn’t be lingering there over lattes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plan for the day is to go up to Cold Canyon,\" announced Bob Schneider of the Woodland-based conservation group, \u003ca title=\"Tuleyome - main\" href=\"http://www.tuleyome.org/\">Tuleyome\u003c/a>. \"We’re gonna hike up to the ridge for the views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The views being sought were of what could become the nation’s newest National Conservation Area, tucked into the broad nether region between I-5 and Highway 101. \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA - map\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\">Nearly 350,000 acres\u003c/a> of federal land, the \u003ca title=\"Berryessa-Snow Mtn NCA\" href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/\">Berryessa Snow Mountain Conservation Area\u003c/a> would get permanent protection from mining activity, sale to commercial developers and -- it’s a bit unclear what else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuleyome’s promotional handout calls the region a “largely undiscovered national treasure.” Michael Brune, the national head of the Sierra Club, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes up about a hundred miles to the north to Snow Mountain and in between you’ve got got beautiful wintering habitat for bald eagles,\" Brune told me at a spot along Highway 128, overlooking Putah Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brune has thrown his weight behind the move to set aside this expanse. \"Tule elk are here,\" he added, \"You've got beautiful rolling hills on the western part of the valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild\"- Michael Brune\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Compared to the nation’s 16 existing \u003ca title=\"BLM - NCAs\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS/National_Conservation_Areas.html\">National Conservation Areas\u003c/a>, it would be among the biggest, a patchwork of lands variously managed by the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation, pulling in three already-designated wilderness areas and a sizable chunk of the Mendocino National Forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a place that is close to Sacramento, close to the Bay Area, but very wild,\" says Brune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you make that hike up one of the ridges off the highway, east of Napa, the area stretches--literally--farther than the eye can see on most days. The \u003ca title=\"USFS - Snow Mtn\" href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/mendocino/recreation/recarea/?recid=25214\">Snow Mountain Wilderness Area\u003c/a> is a hundred miles to the north. Down at the south end, the Conservation Area would encircle Lake Berryessa, a 16,000-acre reservoir and recreational magnet in this part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking with hikers and boaters around the lake, I found few who were even aware of the proposed NCA, let alone knew what it would mean. And that’s where it gets tricky. There seems to be no one set of rules for NCAs. Each one has its own \"site-specific\" set of protections and restrictions.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I say this just doesn’t qualify,\" says Peter Kilkus, who publishes the \u003ca title=\"Lake Berryessa News\" href=\"http://www.lakeberryessanews.com/\">\u003cem>Lake Berryessa News\u003c/em>\u003c/a> website from his 60-acre homestead overlooking the lake. He and some other landowners and business interests have opposed the NCA, saying it’s just not necessary. In February, the Woodland newspaper \u003ca title=\"Woodland Record - op ed\" href=\"http://woodlandrecord.com/letter-yolo-county-farm-bureau-opposes-district-supervisors-berryessa-s-p3062-1.htm\">published an open letter\u003c/a> to Yolo County supervisors from the head of the county's Farm Bureau, charging that an NCA designation \"accomplishes little of merit, other than placing an additional layer of regulation over the affected area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first National Conservation Area was also the nation’s first -- the \u003ca title=\"BLM - King Range\" href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/arcata/kingrange/index.html\">King Range\u003c/a>, along the stretch of northern California known as the “Lost Coast.” To qualify, lands are supposed to have “exceptional scientific, cultural, ecological, historical, and recreational values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at this proposed National Conservation Area -- especially this south end at Lake Berryessa -- this in no way falls under what would be suitable for an NCA in my opinion,\" Kilkus says. \"It’s totally man-made, in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True, Berryessa’s not a natural lake. It was created in 1957 when the Bureau of Reclamation penned up Putah Creek with the 300-foot-high Monticello Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53374\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53374 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"360\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/IMG_3402-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Berryessa was born in 1957, when the federal government built the 300-foot-tall Monticello Dam across Putah Creek. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Before the lake was here, it was a huge farming community,\" Kilkus explains. \"Then they built the dam, kicked all the people out. And they put in a lake. Even the fish are not indigenous.\" But down at the south end of Berryessa, the conflict doesn’t seem to be about fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many, the thrum of jet skis and power boats is the pulse of the Lake Berryessa economy -- an economy that has suffered in recent years, as an unfolding government snafu caused the shutdown of five of the lake's seven marinas. At first, the proposed NCA set off alarms that this kind of “motorized recreation” might be banned on the lake. Others worried that it might mean more restricted access to the lands themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn’t affect anybody’s private property,\" Congressman Mike Thompson told me at a recent town hall meeting. \"It’s federally owned property that will always be federally owned property.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second time that Thompson, a Democrat, has put up a bill to designate this swath of land as an NCA. Barbara Boxer has a similar bill in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re providing this designation so all the federal agencies can better coordinate and better work together to get more bang for the taxpayer dollars,\" said Thompson. \"Now how in the world anybody could be opposed to that is beyond me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, lawmakers wrote in a promise not to mess with motorized recreation on the lake. That seemed to satisfy Marty Rodden, who runs the boat rentals at Markley Cove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope so,\" he told me, in between tinkering with outboard motors and casting off pontoon boats loaded with partiers. \"Considering that this is how I make my living, and I’ll be out of business [if motors are banned].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodden says he’s hopeful that once under a new multi-agency management plan, some of the abandoned resorts around the lake might come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a lot less going on up here,\" he reflected. \"I believe there was about a million visitors a year, and we’re probably down to 250,000, so it’s taken a really hard hit on everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"- Peter Kilkus\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kilkus and others around Lake Berryessa are still skeptical. They’re concerned that once the land is redesignated, the government might yield to pressure from wilderness advocates and change the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you read the guiding documents behind a NCA, it gives the government huge latitude to do almost anything they want,\" says Kilkus. \"There’s still a lot of mistrust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, the bill will confront another group of skeptics. It now runs the gantlet of congressional committees, including the House Natural Resources Committee, which has not been real receptive of late to designating new protected lands. A committee is expected to hear the Senate version sometime in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 649px\">\u003ca href=\"http://berryessasnowmountain.org/pdf/NCAMap%2003.05.2013.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53387\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53387 \" title=\"Map: Berryessa-Snow Mountain NCA\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg\" alt=\"NCA_Map130305\" width=\"649\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051.jpg 1081w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-400x552.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-800x1104.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NCA_Map1303051-960x1325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed 100-mile-long National Conservation Area, from Lake Berryessa at the south end, to the Mendocino National Forest in the north. Green areas are managed by the US Forest Service, gold areas by the Bureau of Land Management. (Map: Tuleyome)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
},
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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