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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Angela Hart, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/\" rel=\"noopener\">SF Public Press\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area planning officials say efforts to encourage dense development will reduce greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_103775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 310px\">\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Craig Miller/KQED\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But what they rarely mention publicly is that their goal, a 15 percent per capita reduction of carbon dioxide from cars and light trucks by 2035, actually represents an overall emissions increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, it’s a math trick: The per capita figure hides a predicted regional population growth of 28 percent. That means total passenger vehicle emissions regionwide would actually rise by 9.1 percent — an indication that regional planning is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/07/16/103764/\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"rssmore\" rel=\"noopener\"> …read more\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/07/16/103764/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Bay Area Climate Change Plan Won't Actually Reduce Emissions\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>When it comes to protecting people and property from rising sea levels and catastrophic storms, it turns out that Mother Nature can often provide a better solution than an expensive engineering project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Stephanie Martin spoke with Stanford ecologist Katie Arkema, who published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate1944.html\">national map today\u003c/a> showing where coastal reefs and wetlands are keeping communities safe, and which areas may need more preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an edited transcript of the interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5618\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 299px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Arkema_Fig.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5618 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Arkema_Fig.jpg\" alt=\"(Natural Capital Project)\" width=\"299\" height=\"283\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Natural Capital Project)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ms. Arkema, you’re describing this map as a first-of-its-kind. What does it show that we haven’t seen before?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It shows where coastal ecosystems can play an important role in helping to protect people and property from coastal hazards. It does this by looking not only at where do ecosystems like wetlands and dunes reduce risk to sea level rise and storms, but also by overlaying this with information on populations living along the coastline and residential property value data that we got through a relationship with \u003ca href=\"http://www.zillow.com/\">Zillow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what’s an example of a place here in the Bay Area where people and property have some good natural protection already?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of good spots that provide protection. One example would be around Stinson Beach where there’s high dunes along the shoreline in front of coastal properties. Another example would be in Corte Madera where there’s wetlands that can help to reduce storm waves and erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When your study looked at coastal geography you also took into account vulnerable populations, such as areas where there were more elderly or low-income people and that’s part of how you assessed which areas are most at risk. What’s an example of this in Northern California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We looked around the Bay Area, and we saw that there were places around Richmond and around Vallejo, for example, in the northern part and eastern part of the Bay where there are disadvantaged populations living along the coastline, but also in some cases where there are coastal ecosystems intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5625\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/RS399_IMG_4392-scr-e1373937783821.jpg\" alt=\"Salt marshes along San Francisco Bay can help absorb rising seas, (Molly Samuel/KQED , with aerial support from LightHawk) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5625\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt marshes along San Francisco Bay can help absorb rising seas, (Molly Samuel/KQED , with aerial support from LightHawk)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So these places are showing up as being more at-risk due to low elevation, for example, or softer shoreline types like mudflat areas or sandy beaches, but they also have some coastal ecosystems intact. For example up near San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge, there’s an extensive wetland there which could help to provide protection from storms and sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How would you recommend restoring habitat or working with the natural coastline to better protect these vulnerable populations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a number of local efforts going on in the San Francisco area. For example the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/\">San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a> has led up a number of different projects identifying places that are at-risk and then using high resolution data and precise models, for example in the Marin County area, to look at the availability of habitats to attenuate waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would recommend that we leave space where possible for these ecosystems to accumulate sediments and to migrate inland as climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What prompted you to conduct this analysis to begin with?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past year in the U.S. there was an effort to develop a \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalchange.gov/what-we-do/assessment\">National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>, and I was part of a working group looking at the role of ecosystems in providing nature’s benefits to humans and to the future. And there was very little information that linked coastal ecosystems and habitats with climate change scenarios, with hazards and with the distribution of people: vulnerable populations and poor families. So we realized there was a need, first on the national level, but then certainly and most importantly on regional and local levels to understand where dunes, oysteries, wetlands can play a role in our defense planning.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to protecting people and property from rising sea levels and catastrophic storms, it turns out that Mother Nature can often provide a better solution than an expensive engineering project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Stephanie Martin spoke with Stanford ecologist Katie Arkema, who published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate1944.html\">national map today\u003c/a> showing where coastal reefs and wetlands are keeping communities safe, and which areas may need more preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an edited transcript of the interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5618\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 299px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Arkema_Fig.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5618 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Arkema_Fig.jpg\" alt=\"(Natural Capital Project)\" width=\"299\" height=\"283\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Natural Capital Project)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ms. Arkema, you’re describing this map as a first-of-its-kind. What does it show that we haven’t seen before?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It shows where coastal ecosystems can play an important role in helping to protect people and property from coastal hazards. It does this by looking not only at where do ecosystems like wetlands and dunes reduce risk to sea level rise and storms, but also by overlaying this with information on populations living along the coastline and residential property value data that we got through a relationship with \u003ca href=\"http://www.zillow.com/\">Zillow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what’s an example of a place here in the Bay Area where people and property have some good natural protection already?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of good spots that provide protection. One example would be around Stinson Beach where there’s high dunes along the shoreline in front of coastal properties. Another example would be in Corte Madera where there’s wetlands that can help to reduce storm waves and erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When your study looked at coastal geography you also took into account vulnerable populations, such as areas where there were more elderly or low-income people and that’s part of how you assessed which areas are most at risk. What’s an example of this in Northern California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We looked around the Bay Area, and we saw that there were places around Richmond and around Vallejo, for example, in the northern part and eastern part of the Bay where there are disadvantaged populations living along the coastline, but also in some cases where there are coastal ecosystems intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5625\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/RS399_IMG_4392-scr-e1373937783821.jpg\" alt=\"Salt marshes along San Francisco Bay can help absorb rising seas, (Molly Samuel/KQED , with aerial support from LightHawk) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5625\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt marshes along San Francisco Bay can help absorb rising seas, (Molly Samuel/KQED , with aerial support from LightHawk)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So these places are showing up as being more at-risk due to low elevation, for example, or softer shoreline types like mudflat areas or sandy beaches, but they also have some coastal ecosystems intact. For example up near San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge, there’s an extensive wetland there which could help to provide protection from storms and sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How would you recommend restoring habitat or working with the natural coastline to better protect these vulnerable populations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a number of local efforts going on in the San Francisco area. For example the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/\">San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a> has led up a number of different projects identifying places that are at-risk and then using high resolution data and precise models, for example in the Marin County area, to look at the availability of habitats to attenuate waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would recommend that we leave space where possible for these ecosystems to accumulate sediments and to migrate inland as climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What prompted you to conduct this analysis to begin with?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past year in the U.S. there was an effort to develop a \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalchange.gov/what-we-do/assessment\">National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>, and I was part of a working group looking at the role of ecosystems in providing nature’s benefits to humans and to the future. And there was very little information that linked coastal ecosystems and habitats with climate change scenarios, with hazards and with the distribution of people: vulnerable populations and poor families. So we realized there was a need, first on the national level, but then certainly and most importantly on regional and local levels to understand where dunes, oysteries, wetlands can play a role in our defense planning.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As World's Largest Solar Thermal Plant Opens, California Looks to End Solar Wars",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-15-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"5477,5479,5480,5478,5482,5481,5484\" width=\"640\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few weeks, the largest solar plant of its kind in the world will start producing power in California’s Mojave Desert. The \u003ca href=\"http://ivanpahsolar.com/\">Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System\u003c/a> will supply both Northern and Southern California, inching the state one step closer to its ambitious renewable energy goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like many of the large solar projects being built in the Mojave, Ivanpah ran into delays and controversy over its environmental impact. Now, in an effort to streamline the process, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivanpah doesn’t use the solar technology most of us think of – those dark, silicon panels sitting on rooftops. The project harnesses the sun’s heat, reflecting off a field of 170,000 mirrors. They shimmer across a dry, dusty valley about five miles away from the California-Nevada state line, surrounding three 400-foot concrete towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can keep the sun’s energy – the rays of the sun – targeted back to the solar tower,” said Dave Beaudoin, construction manager for the $2.2 billion project, originally developed by Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.brightsourceenergy.com/\">BrightSource Energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The garage door-sized mirrors focus the heat on giant boilers on top of the towers, where water turns into steam. That steam powers a turbine that generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely cutting-edge,” Beaudoin said. “It’s nothing I’ve ever done before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/solar_power_640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5532\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5532\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/solar_power_640.jpg\" alt=\"solar_power_640\" width=\"640\" height=\"343\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivanpah will supply about 140,000 homes in Pacific Gas & Electric and Southern California Edison territories when it comes fully online by the end of the year. But getting to that finish line has been a rough road for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took several years to get permits from almost a dozen state, federal and local agencies. The project became political fodder after getting a $1.6 billion federal loan guarantee, like the bankrupt solar company Solyndra. And then there’s the desert tortoise – the controversy that’s made Ivanpah famous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t have gray hairs before this project,” said Doug Davis, senior compliance manager for the project. Davis is looking at large mesh enclosures outside the field of mirrors, what he calls “Tortoise Head Start.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Head Start facility is mainly for the small guys,” Davis said. “Their shells are very soft, so very susceptible to ravens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5585\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_1505.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5585\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_1505.jpg\" alt=\"A desert tortoise in the Mojave Desert. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"241\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A desert tortoise in the Mojave Desert. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desert tortoises are a threatened species, so BrightSource relocates the ones found on the construction site. Young tortoises are held until they’re big enough to release. Several dozen adults have been moved offsite and are tracked with radio tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BrightSource planned on finding just 35 desert tortoises when the project began, but came up with five times that number. That meant shutting down construction and doing another biological survey. “Almost every foot of our 3,500-acres, approximately, has been covered by a biologist at least ten times,” Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relocation program has come at a cost: $55,000 per tortoise. It’s been watched closely by critics like Ileene Anderson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/index.html\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, one of the groups concerned over the loss of desert habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a big fan of the super-large projects,” she said. Utilities were on the hunt for large renewable energy contracts after California set a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/03/29/ca-moves-forward-with-renewable-goals/\">goal of getting 33 percent\u003c/a> of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. There was a rush to get big solar farms underway to meet the Department of Energy’s loan guarantee program deadlines. In addition to Ivanpah, six other major solar projects are expected to open in California over the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the projects when they were first proposed and we would see the application, see where the map was, it was like ‘oh no, this is going to be a nightmare project,” said Anderson. “Put it on previously disturbed lands where there’s very few conflicts because the landscape has already been impacted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other environmental groups raised concerns from another perspective: climate change, something that could harm desert wildlife in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you care about desert tortoises, you better care about climate change,” said Carl Zichella of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “Without some large scale renewable energy projects we do not hit our climate goals. We do not replace fossil fuels with clean energy in this country. It just does not happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we paved the whole California desert with solar plants, it’s not going to save the planet,” Anderson responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/ivanpah_map_400/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5531\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/ivanpah_map_400.jpg\" alt=\"ivanpah_map_400\" width=\"400\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differing views sparked a “green vs. green” debate between those who wanted to file lawsuits to stop projects and those who didn’t want to see solar developers driven away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it has been tough,” Zichella said. “It’s been personally painful. We are very good at stopping things. We aren’t very good at building things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In end, with the threat of lawsuits in the air, environmental groups negotiated with BrightSource and other developers to set aside nature preserves in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to stem the conflict, California is trying to forge a smoother path for future projects through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.drecp.org/\">Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The idea is to divvy up the desert into zones suitable for renewable energy development and conservation areas that are off-limits. Solar developers, counties, conservation groups and federal and state agencies are hashing out the comprehensive plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Douglas of the California Energy Commission says it’s unusual to see all sides working together. “There is never any perfect consensus,” she said. “But we’ve got an opportunity with this partnership to put in place what we really think of as the ‘greenprint’ that will help us conserve our desert resources not only in the face of development but in the face of climate change.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m cautiously optimistic,” said Anderson. “Are they covering the right species in the plan and is it implementable? All those things are still to be determined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Western states have run into similar problems and are watching California’s effort. A full draft of the plan’s environmental review is expected this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Photos: Lauren Sommer, Josh Cassidy, Gabriela Quiros/KQED\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-15-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few weeks, the largest solar plant of its kind in the world will start producing power in California’s Mojave Desert. The \u003ca href=\"http://ivanpahsolar.com/\">Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System\u003c/a> will supply both Northern and Southern California, inching the state one step closer to its ambitious renewable energy goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like many of the large solar projects being built in the Mojave, Ivanpah ran into delays and controversy over its environmental impact. Now, in an effort to streamline the process, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivanpah doesn’t use the solar technology most of us think of – those dark, silicon panels sitting on rooftops. The project harnesses the sun’s heat, reflecting off a field of 170,000 mirrors. They shimmer across a dry, dusty valley about five miles away from the California-Nevada state line, surrounding three 400-foot concrete towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can keep the sun’s energy – the rays of the sun – targeted back to the solar tower,” said Dave Beaudoin, construction manager for the $2.2 billion project, originally developed by Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.brightsourceenergy.com/\">BrightSource Energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The garage door-sized mirrors focus the heat on giant boilers on top of the towers, where water turns into steam. That steam powers a turbine that generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely cutting-edge,” Beaudoin said. “It’s nothing I’ve ever done before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/solar_power_640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5532\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5532\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/solar_power_640.jpg\" alt=\"solar_power_640\" width=\"640\" height=\"343\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivanpah will supply about 140,000 homes in Pacific Gas & Electric and Southern California Edison territories when it comes fully online by the end of the year. But getting to that finish line has been a rough road for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took several years to get permits from almost a dozen state, federal and local agencies. The project became political fodder after getting a $1.6 billion federal loan guarantee, like the bankrupt solar company Solyndra. And then there’s the desert tortoise – the controversy that’s made Ivanpah famous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t have gray hairs before this project,” said Doug Davis, senior compliance manager for the project. Davis is looking at large mesh enclosures outside the field of mirrors, what he calls “Tortoise Head Start.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Head Start facility is mainly for the small guys,” Davis said. “Their shells are very soft, so very susceptible to ravens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5585\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_1505.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5585\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_1505.jpg\" alt=\"A desert tortoise in the Mojave Desert. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"241\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A desert tortoise in the Mojave Desert. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desert tortoises are a threatened species, so BrightSource relocates the ones found on the construction site. Young tortoises are held until they’re big enough to release. Several dozen adults have been moved offsite and are tracked with radio tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BrightSource planned on finding just 35 desert tortoises when the project began, but came up with five times that number. That meant shutting down construction and doing another biological survey. “Almost every foot of our 3,500-acres, approximately, has been covered by a biologist at least ten times,” Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relocation program has come at a cost: $55,000 per tortoise. It’s been watched closely by critics like Ileene Anderson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/index.html\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, one of the groups concerned over the loss of desert habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a big fan of the super-large projects,” she said. Utilities were on the hunt for large renewable energy contracts after California set a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/03/29/ca-moves-forward-with-renewable-goals/\">goal of getting 33 percent\u003c/a> of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. There was a rush to get big solar farms underway to meet the Department of Energy’s loan guarantee program deadlines. In addition to Ivanpah, six other major solar projects are expected to open in California over the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the projects when they were first proposed and we would see the application, see where the map was, it was like ‘oh no, this is going to be a nightmare project,” said Anderson. “Put it on previously disturbed lands where there’s very few conflicts because the landscape has already been impacted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other environmental groups raised concerns from another perspective: climate change, something that could harm desert wildlife in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you care about desert tortoises, you better care about climate change,” said Carl Zichella of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “Without some large scale renewable energy projects we do not hit our climate goals. We do not replace fossil fuels with clean energy in this country. It just does not happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we paved the whole California desert with solar plants, it’s not going to save the planet,” Anderson responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/ivanpah_map_400/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5531\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/ivanpah_map_400.jpg\" alt=\"ivanpah_map_400\" width=\"400\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differing views sparked a “green vs. green” debate between those who wanted to file lawsuits to stop projects and those who didn’t want to see solar developers driven away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it has been tough,” Zichella said. “It’s been personally painful. We are very good at stopping things. We aren’t very good at building things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In end, with the threat of lawsuits in the air, environmental groups negotiated with BrightSource and other developers to set aside nature preserves in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to stem the conflict, California is trying to forge a smoother path for future projects through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.drecp.org/\">Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The idea is to divvy up the desert into zones suitable for renewable energy development and conservation areas that are off-limits. Solar developers, counties, conservation groups and federal and state agencies are hashing out the comprehensive plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Douglas of the California Energy Commission says it’s unusual to see all sides working together. “There is never any perfect consensus,” she said. “But we’ve got an opportunity with this partnership to put in place what we really think of as the ‘greenprint’ that will help us conserve our desert resources not only in the face of development but in the face of climate change.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m cautiously optimistic,” said Anderson. “Are they covering the right species in the plan and is it implementable? All those things are still to be determined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Western states have run into similar problems and are watching California’s effort. A full draft of the plan’s environmental review is expected this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Photos: Lauren Sommer, Josh Cassidy, Gabriela Quiros/KQED\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Berkeley to Collect More Plastics in Curbside Collections",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103298\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 214px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/07/10/berkeley-to-collect-more-plastics-in-its-curbside-collections/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-103298 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/07/recycling-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"A wider variety of plastics will now be collected by Berkeley’s Ecology Center in its curbside collections. (Berkeleyside)\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wider variety of plastics will now be collected by Berkeley’s Ecology Center in its curbside collections. (Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Camille Baptista\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/07/10/new-yelp-feature-shines-fun-light-on-berkeley-hotspots/\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ecologycenter.org/\">Ecology Center\u003c/a> announced today that it will now collect more types of plastic items, expanding its curbside collection and processing to handle things like dairy tubs, tupperware, vitamin bottles, plastic cups and trays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of been a long time coming,” said Martin Bourque, executive director of the Ecology Center, which has managed Berkeley’s recycling for 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the center’s weekly curbside pickup accepts only those plastic products indicated with a No. 1 or No. 2 triangle, and, among those, only narrow-neck designs like disposable water bottles and milk jugs. Bourque said this is because containers with different designs, like yogurt cups, have different chemical compositions and must be processed separately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plastics that we’re adding are plastics that some people put in anyway, so we’ve been sorting them out and selling them instead of sending them to the landfill,” he said.\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-103197\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/07/Berkeleyside-logo-small.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeleyside-logo-small\" width=\"163\" height=\"38\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wide-neck No. 1 and No. 2 containers will now be accepted in the blue curbside carts, along with some No. 4 and No. 5 items. Read \u003ca href=\"http://ecologycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/eliminate-plastic.pdf\">the center’s tips for reducing plastic consumption\u003c/a>, which includes an explanation of the numbering system.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still certain plastic items that the center will not collect and which need to be dropped off at recycling centers. These include styrofoam items, coffee lids, and plastic utensils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a press release issued today by the Ecology Center, “The recycling arrows stamped on plastic products lead many people to believe that all plastic products are recyclable and being recycled, but that’s not the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103300\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-103300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/07/Recycling-truck-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"An Ecology Center truck makes its rounds. (Tracey Taylor/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Ecology Center truck makes its rounds. (Tracey Taylor/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berkeley resident Larry Ormsby said the expansion was “a feel-good” concept for that reason — he often doesn’t know which items are accepted, and puts all numbered items into his plastics bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know we put things in there that don’t belong sometimes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Market demand only exists for certain recyclable plastics, and other types go directly to landfills. The center has consistently collected No. 1 and No. 2 because, according to Bourque, “they have end uses that we’re quite familiar with.” No. 1 plastics go into making fibers for carpet and clothing and are sometimes remade into plastic bottles, while No. 2 plastics are remade into many kinds of durable plastic and plastic lumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Rosenau, an artist who works with found objects, said he supports the idea of expanding recycling as long as there is in fact a market for those recyclables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s really getting recycled, I’m thrilled,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Berkeley residents have pushed for increased plastics recycling for years, the Ecology Center has had to weigh the costs of processing and the market demand for recyclables before expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After collecting and sorting plastic items, the center typically sells plastics to firms in China for recycling. Part of the reason the center had to delay expanding the types of items it collects is China’s new “green fence” law, which bars some recycled plastics from being bought and imported there. This has decreased the amount of plastic the Ecology Center can sell. However, the center has decided to move forward with the expansion because recycling is in such high demand in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that the material does have value, and somebody’s going to want it,” Bourque said, referring to the plastics they collect and sell. “I’m sure that other markets will come online, whether it’s domestic or foreign.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it will now accept a higher volume of recyclable plastic, the Ecology Center is campaigning to encourage an overall decrease in the amount of plastic people buy and consume in Berkeley. In addition to providing tips and fact sheets on the Ecology Center website, the organization pushes manufacturers and food companies to choose more sustainable packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have to take any responsibility for the environmental or health impacts,” Bourque said, explaining that plastic packaging has been on a steep rise in recent years because it is lightweight and easy to mold into different shapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Ecology Center and the Environmental Protection Agency, only 8 percent of plastics consumed in the United States are recycled. Plastic is more difficult to recycle than glass or metal — those items that can be recycled are typically only recycled once before being sent to the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message is help Berkeley prevent plastic pollution,” Bourque said, explaining that for now, increasing the amount of plastics they collect and try to recycle is “part of that picture.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103298\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 214px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/07/10/berkeley-to-collect-more-plastics-in-its-curbside-collections/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-103298 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/07/recycling-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"A wider variety of plastics will now be collected by Berkeley’s Ecology Center in its curbside collections. (Berkeleyside)\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wider variety of plastics will now be collected by Berkeley’s Ecology Center in its curbside collections. (Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Camille Baptista\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/07/10/new-yelp-feature-shines-fun-light-on-berkeley-hotspots/\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ecologycenter.org/\">Ecology Center\u003c/a> announced today that it will now collect more types of plastic items, expanding its curbside collection and processing to handle things like dairy tubs, tupperware, vitamin bottles, plastic cups and trays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of been a long time coming,” said Martin Bourque, executive director of the Ecology Center, which has managed Berkeley’s recycling for 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the center’s weekly curbside pickup accepts only those plastic products indicated with a No. 1 or No. 2 triangle, and, among those, only narrow-neck designs like disposable water bottles and milk jugs. Bourque said this is because containers with different designs, like yogurt cups, have different chemical compositions and must be processed separately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plastics that we’re adding are plastics that some people put in anyway, so we’ve been sorting them out and selling them instead of sending them to the landfill,” he said.\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-103197\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/07/Berkeleyside-logo-small.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeleyside-logo-small\" width=\"163\" height=\"38\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wide-neck No. 1 and No. 2 containers will now be accepted in the blue curbside carts, along with some No. 4 and No. 5 items. Read \u003ca href=\"http://ecologycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/eliminate-plastic.pdf\">the center’s tips for reducing plastic consumption\u003c/a>, which includes an explanation of the numbering system.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still certain plastic items that the center will not collect and which need to be dropped off at recycling centers. These include styrofoam items, coffee lids, and plastic utensils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a press release issued today by the Ecology Center, “The recycling arrows stamped on plastic products lead many people to believe that all plastic products are recyclable and being recycled, but that’s not the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103300\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-103300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/07/Recycling-truck-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"An Ecology Center truck makes its rounds. (Tracey Taylor/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Ecology Center truck makes its rounds. (Tracey Taylor/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berkeley resident Larry Ormsby said the expansion was “a feel-good” concept for that reason — he often doesn’t know which items are accepted, and puts all numbered items into his plastics bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know we put things in there that don’t belong sometimes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Market demand only exists for certain recyclable plastics, and other types go directly to landfills. The center has consistently collected No. 1 and No. 2 because, according to Bourque, “they have end uses that we’re quite familiar with.” No. 1 plastics go into making fibers for carpet and clothing and are sometimes remade into plastic bottles, while No. 2 plastics are remade into many kinds of durable plastic and plastic lumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Rosenau, an artist who works with found objects, said he supports the idea of expanding recycling as long as there is in fact a market for those recyclables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s really getting recycled, I’m thrilled,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Berkeley residents have pushed for increased plastics recycling for years, the Ecology Center has had to weigh the costs of processing and the market demand for recyclables before expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After collecting and sorting plastic items, the center typically sells plastics to firms in China for recycling. Part of the reason the center had to delay expanding the types of items it collects is China’s new “green fence” law, which bars some recycled plastics from being bought and imported there. This has decreased the amount of plastic the Ecology Center can sell. However, the center has decided to move forward with the expansion because recycling is in such high demand in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that the material does have value, and somebody’s going to want it,” Bourque said, referring to the plastics they collect and sell. “I’m sure that other markets will come online, whether it’s domestic or foreign.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it will now accept a higher volume of recyclable plastic, the Ecology Center is campaigning to encourage an overall decrease in the amount of plastic people buy and consume in Berkeley. In addition to providing tips and fact sheets on the Ecology Center website, the organization pushes manufacturers and food companies to choose more sustainable packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have to take any responsibility for the environmental or health impacts,” Bourque said, explaining that plastic packaging has been on a steep rise in recent years because it is lightweight and easy to mold into different shapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Ecology Center and the Environmental Protection Agency, only 8 percent of plastics consumed in the United States are recycled. Plastic is more difficult to recycle than glass or metal — those items that can be recycled are typically only recycled once before being sent to the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message is help Berkeley prevent plastic pollution,” Bourque said, explaining that for now, increasing the amount of plastics they collect and try to recycle is “part of that picture.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5234\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/reptiles-2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5234\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/reptiles-2.jpg\" alt='Two western fence lizards in Marin. Western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) are common in California. They are also referred to as the \"blue belly.\"' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5234\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two western fence lizards in Marin. Western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) are common in California. They are also referred to as the “blue belly.” Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sunbathing during summer months isn’t just for people. Many resident reptiles are spending their days soaking up the sun too. These cold-blooded, or ecotothermic animals, relish the warmer weather because unlike mammals, they cannot generate their own body heat. The internal temperature of a reptile is influenced by the temperature of their environment. The morning after a chilly evening, many reptiles can be seen sunning themselves to increase their body temperature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most reptiles use camouflage to blend into their environment, which is especially helpful to avoid being eaten when sunbathing. Some reptiles, however, make it a point to stand out with colors that help keep predators at bay or attract mates. In Northern California, there are a number of colorful reptiles that are fun to spot and are more commonly seen when its warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5235\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/reptiles-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5235\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/reptiles-1.jpg\" alt=\"The Diablo-range subspecies aquatic garter snake (T. a. zaxanthus).\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5235\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Diablo-range subspecies aquatic garter snake (T. a. zaxanthus). \u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Great hiking trails to see colorful reptiles are found in Marin, San Bruno and Woodside, just to name a few. Although early afternoons to early evenings are best viewing times, it is also important to know where to look. Reptiles typically sun themselves on rocks and clearings. A clearing can be a small as the width of a one-person trail, or as large as the width of a road. All the more reason to drive carefully!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5269\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/skink.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5269\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/skink.jpg\" alt=\"Western Skinks (Plestiodon skiltonianus, formerly Eumeces skiltonianus) are found all over Northern California.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5269\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Western Skinks (Plestiodon skiltonianus, formerly Eumeces skiltonianus) are found all over Northern California.\u003cbr>Photo by James Bettaso\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of these colorful reptiles have equally colorful personalities too. For example, male western fence lizards will often bob their heads and perform push-ups toward one another to establish territory or to attract a mate. Miniature lizard push-ups are very endearing. This summer, don’t miss out on observing these colorful critters, right here in our own backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>By Ocean Beach Bulletin Staff An extremely low tide occurred on Ocean Beach June 24, showing a facet of the beach people seldom get to see. (Frank Plughoff / Ocean Beach Bulletin) Ocean Beach experienced an exceptionally low tide last … \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/07/02/102190/\" rel=\"noopener\">Continue reading \u003cspan class=\"meta-nav\">\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Controversial Solar Farm One Step Closer to Construction",
"headTitle": "Controversial Solar Farm One Step Closer to Construction | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4905\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4905\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/RS2768_IMG_0111-scr-e1372462888483.jpg\" alt=\"The Panoche Valley in San Benito County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Panoche Valley in San Benito County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The controversial Panoche Valley Solar Farm is one step closer to construction. Environmental groups sued to stop the solar project, located near Hollister, but the suit was rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.progress-energy.com/index.page?\">Duke Energy\u003c/a> and San Francisco-based firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.pv2energy.com/index-1.html\">PV2\u003c/a> are planning to build the 399 megawatt solar farm in the mostly agricultural valley. But Shani Kleinhaus from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scvas.org/index.php?\">Santa Clara Valley Audubon Society\u003c/a> said the project threatens migrating birds and three endangered animals: the blunt-nosed leopard lizard, the San Joaquin kit fox and giant kangaroo rat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Environmental groups are supportive of clean energy projects and solar projects,” she said. “But we’re not in support of siting such projects without regard to endangered species and environmental damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state court of appeals rejected the suit, which claimed PV2 hadn’t pursued alternatives like putting the project somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tammie McGhee of Duke Energy, said their plan includes habitat preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The project is a 28,000 acre footprint. Only 3,000 of those acres will actually have solar panels on them,” she said. “The other 23,000 acres will be for conservation and habitat preservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies still have to finish environmental studies and find a company to buy the energy. Kleinhaus says her group will stay involved and continue to opppose the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it does clear the hurdles, construction would begin in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_23554917/court-hands-solar-project-south-silicon-valley-major\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> has more on the history of the battle in the Panoche Valley. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2013/0627/20130627_044914_0628solarmap.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_23554917/court-hands-solar-project-south-silicon-valley-major\">Solar project south of Silicon Valley wins a major victory in appeals court\u003c/a>The environmental groups lost the first round in 2011. Then a San Benito County court rejected their arguments that county supervisors who approved the project had violated the California Environmental Quality Act and the Williamson Act, a state law that preserves ranchland by blocking development in exchange for lowering ranchers’ taxes. The court noted that the developers agreed to buy 23,000 adjacent acres — an area of cattle grazing land seven times the size of the area the solar panels would take up — and place them in permanent conservation easements as a way to offset the effects from the project.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED did a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/06/20/clock-ticking-for-solar-developers/\">two-part\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/06/28/passionate-about-panoche/\">series\u003c/a> about the Panoche Valley a few years ago, when a different company was trying to build the solar farm. (Solargen sold the project to PV2.)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4905\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4905\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/RS2768_IMG_0111-scr-e1372462888483.jpg\" alt=\"The Panoche Valley in San Benito County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Panoche Valley in San Benito County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The controversial Panoche Valley Solar Farm is one step closer to construction. Environmental groups sued to stop the solar project, located near Hollister, but the suit was rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.progress-energy.com/index.page?\">Duke Energy\u003c/a> and San Francisco-based firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.pv2energy.com/index-1.html\">PV2\u003c/a> are planning to build the 399 megawatt solar farm in the mostly agricultural valley. But Shani Kleinhaus from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scvas.org/index.php?\">Santa Clara Valley Audubon Society\u003c/a> said the project threatens migrating birds and three endangered animals: the blunt-nosed leopard lizard, the San Joaquin kit fox and giant kangaroo rat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Environmental groups are supportive of clean energy projects and solar projects,” she said. “But we’re not in support of siting such projects without regard to endangered species and environmental damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state court of appeals rejected the suit, which claimed PV2 hadn’t pursued alternatives like putting the project somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tammie McGhee of Duke Energy, said their plan includes habitat preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The project is a 28,000 acre footprint. Only 3,000 of those acres will actually have solar panels on them,” she said. “The other 23,000 acres will be for conservation and habitat preservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies still have to finish environmental studies and find a company to buy the energy. Kleinhaus says her group will stay involved and continue to opppose the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it does clear the hurdles, construction would begin in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_23554917/court-hands-solar-project-south-silicon-valley-major\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> has more on the history of the battle in the Panoche Valley. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2013/0627/20130627_044914_0628solarmap.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_23554917/court-hands-solar-project-south-silicon-valley-major\">Solar project south of Silicon Valley wins a major victory in appeals court\u003c/a>The environmental groups lost the first round in 2011. Then a San Benito County court rejected their arguments that county supervisors who approved the project had violated the California Environmental Quality Act and the Williamson Act, a state law that preserves ranchland by blocking development in exchange for lowering ranchers’ taxes. The court noted that the developers agreed to buy 23,000 adjacent acres — an area of cattle grazing land seven times the size of the area the solar panels would take up — and place them in permanent conservation easements as a way to offset the effects from the project.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED did a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/06/20/clock-ticking-for-solar-developers/\">two-part\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/06/28/passionate-about-panoche/\">series\u003c/a> about the Panoche Valley a few years ago, when a different company was trying to build the solar farm. (Solargen sold the project to PV2.)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Who Profits from Proposition 65? (Part One)",
"headTitle": "Who Profits from Proposition 65? (Part One) | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-01-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4862\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Prop-65-warning-e1372446825599.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4862\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4862 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Prop-65-warning-e1372446825599.jpg\" alt=\"Prop. 65 warning posted outside of a San Francisco auto parts store. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\" width=\"355\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prop. 65 warning posted outside of a San Francisco auto parts store. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You’ve seen the signs all over California, on parking garages, gas stations, office buildings and convenience stores. “Warning,” they say, “this area contains a chemical known to cause cancer or birth defects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs are there because of a law called \u003ca href=\"http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/background/p65plain.html\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, passed by California voters in 1986 in order to reduce Californian’s exposure to toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now there’s an effort in Sacramento to revise the law, amid charges that Prop. 65 has prompted a flood of frivolous lawsuits that make millions of dollars for a select few and cause undue headaches for thousands of California businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To really understand Proposition 65, consider an iceberg, says David Roe, who helped write the law when he was an attorney for the Environmental Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically,” Roe says, “you don’t see 95 percent of the effect of Prop 65.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those warning signs, Roe says, are just the tip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/chemicals_rev2_12001-e1372464530473.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/chemicals_rev2_12001-e1372464530473.png\" alt=\"Click to see larger image. (Produced by Mike Osborne, graphic by Yael Braha)\" width=\"641\" height=\"265\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4929\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to see larger image. (Produced by Mike Osborne, graphic by Yael Braha)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The real base of the iceberg is made up of places where we see no signs at all, places businesses said, as Roe puts it, “I don’t want to tell people there’s a cancer-causing chemical in my hair dye, so I’m going to take it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roe says this has happened to hundreds of products, everything from raincoats to CD cases and the caps on wine bottles. Companies didn’t want to put a Prop. 65 warning label on their product, so they reformulated it to take the toxic chemical out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is a big market. So rather than create a separate product stream, companies now sell\u003cbr>\nthese reformulated products nationwide. “In effect,” says Roe, “the whole country is benefiting from one state’s law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Some attorneys have used Proposition 65 to extract quick, go-away settlements.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But there have been other consequences, too, consequences that critics of Prop. 65 consider to be the base of the iceberg. Those have been getting a lot of attention these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Governor Jerry Brown called for a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18026\">broad reform\u003c/a> of Prop. 65, making warning signs more specific, revisiting the science of acceptable levels for some chemicals and taking steps to end what he called “frivolous shake-down lawsuits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a more limited Prop. 65 reform bill – \u003ca href=\"http://www.asmdc.org/members/a43/press-releases/mike-gatto-s-bill-to-protect-small-businesses-clears-assembly-judiciary-committee\">AB 227\u003c/a> – is being considered by the state legislature. (In May, the State Assembly approved the bill by a 72-0 vote, and it is now making its way through the State Senate.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 227 “seeks to correct some unintended consequences of an otherwise good law,” said its sponsor Mike Gatto, a Democratic assemblyman from LA, during a hearing in Sacramento last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some attorneys have used Proposition 65 to extract quick, go-away settlements from business owners who haven’t put up a sign, or simply haven’t put up the right sign, to warn people about everyday common household substances,” Gatto told fellow state legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, Gatto’s bill would give restaurants, parking garages and other businesses a 14-day grace period to put up a sign and pay a $500 fee before being hit with legal costs or hefty settlement bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would give cover to people like Bette Kroening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening owns Bette’s Oceanview Diner, a cozy neighborhood place on Fourth Street in Berkeley, known for its pancakes. In July 2006, Kroening got a letter from a private law firm, saying that the diner was in violation of Prop. 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening was taken off guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew about Prop. 65 in terms of all the signs in the parking garages and all that kind of stuff,” she says. “I never imagined that applied to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It did apply to them, specifically to a brand of old-timey soda the diner sold called Original Nehi Grape, which came in a glass bottle with an elaborate painted label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unbeknownst to Kroening, the paint contained a small amount of lead. Under Prop. 65, Kroenig should have had a warning sign on the cooler. She worried the violation could cost her thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know how far it was going to go. I felt really threatened,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, businesses have two choices when they get a letter like this: either settle with the law firm in an out-of-court settlement, or defend themselves against the charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the time, businesses settle out of court, often paying tens of thousands of dollars in legal fees, in addition to an often smaller civil penalty that’s divided between the state and the “private enforcer,” who filed the 60-day notice through his or her law firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, for example, the grocery store Berkeley Bowl paid $22,000 in an out-of-court settlement over charges that it failed to post a Prop. 65 sign warning customers that grilled hamburgers can contain a variety of carcinogenic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of that payment, $21,000 went to the Berkeley-based law firm the Chanler Group, to cover what attorney Cliff Chanler described as costs related to testing the hamburger patties and consulting experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Bowl also paid a $1,000 civil penalty, of which $750 went to the state and $250 to Chanler’s client, Whitney Leeman. (We’ll have more on the role of plaintiffs like Leeman in part two of this story, next week.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kroenig decided to fight. She put a warning sign up on her cooler, then called her lawyer. Eventually the case was dropped. She was never sure why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year later the state attorney general’s office sent a complaint \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/prop65/Chanler_51107_letter.pdf?\">letter\u003c/a> to the private law firm, headed by Cliff Chanler, that had targeted Bette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said yes, the lead on the bottles was a problem. But it said the way the firm was pursuing this issue was not in the public interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the letter, the firm had turned this lead bottle issue into a cash cow. It had sent out more that 600 letters, like the one Bette Kroenig got, collecting $9 million in attorney’s fees over the course of just a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This case and others like it “smack of shakedown lawsuits,” says John Coupal of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, “or at least leveraging people to comply with what may be very picayune violations of Prop. 65.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Cliff Chanler, terms like “frivolous” or “shakedown” are “only rhetoric or hyperbole from the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler heads the Chanler Group. For over two decades, few, if any, law firms have \u003ca href=\"https://www.chanler.com/prop-65\">pursued\u003c/a> as many Prop. 65 cases as his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler says if he’s had a lot of cases, well, that’s because there are a lot of toxic chemicals in our midst, like all the Chinese imports that have flooded the market in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re living in a — it might [sound like] hyperbole to say [it] — we’re living in a toxic cesspool. You would not believe the amount of toxics we find in everyday items,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the idea that these suits have become too profitable for his firm, and others like it? He says it’s the fair price for the work they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law is written so that if someone like my firm ends up promoting the public interest in a substantial manner, we’re able to go seek our hourly effort from the settling defendant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That cost of that hourly effort is part of what’s being discussed in Sacramento right now. And if Prop. 65 gets an overhaul, it’ll also affect another group of people: the “citizen enforcers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week we’ll meet some of these citizen enforcers, and find out what role they play in the Prop 65 debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Proposition 65 was passed by voters in order to reduce Californian's exposure to toxic chemicals. Now there's an effort in Sacramento to revise the law, amid charges that it's prompted a flood of frivolous lawsuits that make millions of dollars for a select few and cause undue headaches for thousands of California businesses.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-01-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4862\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Prop-65-warning-e1372446825599.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4862\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4862 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Prop-65-warning-e1372446825599.jpg\" alt=\"Prop. 65 warning posted outside of a San Francisco auto parts store. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\" width=\"355\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prop. 65 warning posted outside of a San Francisco auto parts store. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You’ve seen the signs all over California, on parking garages, gas stations, office buildings and convenience stores. “Warning,” they say, “this area contains a chemical known to cause cancer or birth defects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs are there because of a law called \u003ca href=\"http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/background/p65plain.html\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, passed by California voters in 1986 in order to reduce Californian’s exposure to toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now there’s an effort in Sacramento to revise the law, amid charges that Prop. 65 has prompted a flood of frivolous lawsuits that make millions of dollars for a select few and cause undue headaches for thousands of California businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To really understand Proposition 65, consider an iceberg, says David Roe, who helped write the law when he was an attorney for the Environmental Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically,” Roe says, “you don’t see 95 percent of the effect of Prop 65.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those warning signs, Roe says, are just the tip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/chemicals_rev2_12001-e1372464530473.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/chemicals_rev2_12001-e1372464530473.png\" alt=\"Click to see larger image. (Produced by Mike Osborne, graphic by Yael Braha)\" width=\"641\" height=\"265\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4929\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to see larger image. (Produced by Mike Osborne, graphic by Yael Braha)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The real base of the iceberg is made up of places where we see no signs at all, places businesses said, as Roe puts it, “I don’t want to tell people there’s a cancer-causing chemical in my hair dye, so I’m going to take it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roe says this has happened to hundreds of products, everything from raincoats to CD cases and the caps on wine bottles. Companies didn’t want to put a Prop. 65 warning label on their product, so they reformulated it to take the toxic chemical out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is a big market. So rather than create a separate product stream, companies now sell\u003cbr>\nthese reformulated products nationwide. “In effect,” says Roe, “the whole country is benefiting from one state’s law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Some attorneys have used Proposition 65 to extract quick, go-away settlements.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But there have been other consequences, too, consequences that critics of Prop. 65 consider to be the base of the iceberg. Those have been getting a lot of attention these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Governor Jerry Brown called for a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18026\">broad reform\u003c/a> of Prop. 65, making warning signs more specific, revisiting the science of acceptable levels for some chemicals and taking steps to end what he called “frivolous shake-down lawsuits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a more limited Prop. 65 reform bill – \u003ca href=\"http://www.asmdc.org/members/a43/press-releases/mike-gatto-s-bill-to-protect-small-businesses-clears-assembly-judiciary-committee\">AB 227\u003c/a> – is being considered by the state legislature. (In May, the State Assembly approved the bill by a 72-0 vote, and it is now making its way through the State Senate.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 227 “seeks to correct some unintended consequences of an otherwise good law,” said its sponsor Mike Gatto, a Democratic assemblyman from LA, during a hearing in Sacramento last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some attorneys have used Proposition 65 to extract quick, go-away settlements from business owners who haven’t put up a sign, or simply haven’t put up the right sign, to warn people about everyday common household substances,” Gatto told fellow state legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, Gatto’s bill would give restaurants, parking garages and other businesses a 14-day grace period to put up a sign and pay a $500 fee before being hit with legal costs or hefty settlement bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would give cover to people like Bette Kroening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening owns Bette’s Oceanview Diner, a cozy neighborhood place on Fourth Street in Berkeley, known for its pancakes. In July 2006, Kroening got a letter from a private law firm, saying that the diner was in violation of Prop. 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening was taken off guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew about Prop. 65 in terms of all the signs in the parking garages and all that kind of stuff,” she says. “I never imagined that applied to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It did apply to them, specifically to a brand of old-timey soda the diner sold called Original Nehi Grape, which came in a glass bottle with an elaborate painted label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unbeknownst to Kroening, the paint contained a small amount of lead. Under Prop. 65, Kroenig should have had a warning sign on the cooler. She worried the violation could cost her thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know how far it was going to go. I felt really threatened,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, businesses have two choices when they get a letter like this: either settle with the law firm in an out-of-court settlement, or defend themselves against the charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the time, businesses settle out of court, often paying tens of thousands of dollars in legal fees, in addition to an often smaller civil penalty that’s divided between the state and the “private enforcer,” who filed the 60-day notice through his or her law firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, for example, the grocery store Berkeley Bowl paid $22,000 in an out-of-court settlement over charges that it failed to post a Prop. 65 sign warning customers that grilled hamburgers can contain a variety of carcinogenic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of that payment, $21,000 went to the Berkeley-based law firm the Chanler Group, to cover what attorney Cliff Chanler described as costs related to testing the hamburger patties and consulting experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Bowl also paid a $1,000 civil penalty, of which $750 went to the state and $250 to Chanler’s client, Whitney Leeman. (We’ll have more on the role of plaintiffs like Leeman in part two of this story, next week.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kroenig decided to fight. She put a warning sign up on her cooler, then called her lawyer. Eventually the case was dropped. She was never sure why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year later the state attorney general’s office sent a complaint \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/prop65/Chanler_51107_letter.pdf?\">letter\u003c/a> to the private law firm, headed by Cliff Chanler, that had targeted Bette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said yes, the lead on the bottles was a problem. But it said the way the firm was pursuing this issue was not in the public interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the letter, the firm had turned this lead bottle issue into a cash cow. It had sent out more that 600 letters, like the one Bette Kroenig got, collecting $9 million in attorney’s fees over the course of just a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This case and others like it “smack of shakedown lawsuits,” says John Coupal of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, “or at least leveraging people to comply with what may be very picayune violations of Prop. 65.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Cliff Chanler, terms like “frivolous” or “shakedown” are “only rhetoric or hyperbole from the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler heads the Chanler Group. For over two decades, few, if any, law firms have \u003ca href=\"https://www.chanler.com/prop-65\">pursued\u003c/a> as many Prop. 65 cases as his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler says if he’s had a lot of cases, well, that’s because there are a lot of toxic chemicals in our midst, like all the Chinese imports that have flooded the market in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re living in a — it might [sound like] hyperbole to say [it] — we’re living in a toxic cesspool. You would not believe the amount of toxics we find in everyday items,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the idea that these suits have become too profitable for his firm, and others like it? He says it’s the fair price for the work they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law is written so that if someone like my firm ends up promoting the public interest in a substantial manner, we’re able to go seek our hourly effort from the settling defendant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That cost of that hourly effort is part of what’s being discussed in Sacramento right now. And if Prop. 65 gets an overhaul, it’ll also affect another group of people: the “citizen enforcers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week we’ll meet some of these citizen enforcers, and find out what role they play in the Prop 65 debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ocean Beach in San Francisco (Molly Samuel/KQED) On Wednesday the National Resources Defense Council released a report on the water quality of beaches all around the country. It starts out with this pleasant thought: “(T)he water at your local beach … \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/06/27/nrdc-beaches-report/\" rel=\"noopener\">Continue reading \u003cspan class=\"meta-nav\">\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Bay Area was well-represented in terms of bacteria that exceeded daily maximum standards. Contra Costa County had the highest exceedance rate in 2012 (17 percent), followed by San Mateo County (16 percent). San Francisco was No. 4 at 15 percent.",
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"title": "An Environmental Catch-22: Fire Safety Chemicals in Insulation Pose Risks",
"headTitle": "An Environmental Catch-22: Fire Safety Chemicals in Insulation Pose Risks | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4743\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/House_fire-450x253-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/House_fire-450x253-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"(Image: Kpahor/Wikipedia)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4743\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Image: \u003ca href=\"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:House_fire_using_gasoline.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kpahor/Wikipedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17508\">directed state agencies\u003c/a> to reduce water use and greenhouse gas emissions through a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/Green_Building_Action_Plan_B.18.12.pdf\">green building action plan\u003c/a> to “shrink the state’s environmental footprint.” The order also mandated using “environmentally preferable products that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing goods that serve the same purpose.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just seven months later, a \u003ca href=\"http://superfund.berkeley.edu/pdf/395.pdf\">study in Building Research and Information\u003c/a> revealed that plastic foam insulation used to increase energy efficiency in buildings may pose an unnecessary risk to health and the environment. Manufacturers add potentially harmful fire-retardant chemicals to insulation to pass a flammability test required in building codes. But the test isn’t reliable for foam plastic insulation, argued fire scientist Vytenis Babrauskas and his colleagues. And the codes’ requirement for a thermal barrier – a thick wallboard that separates the insulation from a room’s interior – already makes insulation fire-safe without the need for flame retardants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Nancy Skinner (D-Berkeley) first learned about this apparent environmental Catch-22 when she had to replace the insulation in her home. A legislator known for \u003ca href=\"http://www.smartvoter.org/2008/11/04/ca/state/vote/skinner_n/bio.html\">her environmental record\u003c/a>, Skinner introduced a \u003ca href=\"http://elcerrito.patch.com/groups/politics-and-elections/p/new-skinner-bill-opposes-flame-retardant-in-building-insulation\">bill in January\u003c/a> calling on state officials to revisit building standards to ensure fire safety without relying on harmful chemicals. On Monday, the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=ab_127&sess=CUR&house=B\">AB 127\u003c/a>, passed the Senate Business Professions and Economic Development Committee, and could reach the Senate floor sometime in August. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential for harm\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe main plastic insulation flame retardants — HBCD or HBCDD, for hexabromocyclododecane, and TCPP, for tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate – aren’t chemically bound to the insulation, so they can escape into the environment. Although researchers have shown that flame retardants in furniture foam can seep from foam into the air and settle in dust, it’s not clear how HBCD and TCPP wind up in indoor air and dust. Possible routes of dispersal include points of manufacture, use and disposal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both compounds, classified as high-volume chemicals by the Environmental Protection Agency (with U.S. import/production volumes between 20 million and 100 million pounds), occur in soil, sewage sludge and aquatic sediments and have been found in bivalves, fish, birds and other wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with its profile as a fat-loving, bioaccumulating toxic chemical, HBCD appears in higher levels in \u003ca href=\"http://saferinsulation.greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Covaci-HBCD-review.pdf\">predators like porpoises and falcons\u003c/a>. It’s also been found in human fat tissue, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21441408\">blood and breast milk\u003c/a>. Testing the possibility that the chemicals could enter our bodies through food, researchers \u003ca href=\"http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ehp.1204993.pdf\">found HBCD in 42 percent\u003c/a> of foods purchased in Dallas grocery stores. Canned sardines and smoked turkey sausages had the highest levels, in keeping with other studies suggesting that fatty foods could be an important exposure pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies in animals indicate that HBCD disrupts hormone function and interferes with the developing nervous system. Less is known about TCPP, though it’s also been detected in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20383376\">human breast milk\u003c/a> and causes \u003ca href=\"http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/05/23/toxsci.kft100.long\">developmental\u003c/a> and neurological defects in animal studies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fire-safe buildings without chemicals\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBuilding standards regulating foam insulation date back to the 1960s, and required that products pass the “Steiner Tunnel” test, which measures flame spread from the bottom of a tunnel to its ceiling, outfitted with insulation. In the 1970s, the thermal barrier requirement was added to protect exposed insulation because, Babrauskas and his coauthors assert in their recent study, insulation proved highly flammable even after passing the Steiner test. Using flame retardants when a thermal barrier is present, the authors concluded, does not add a fire safety benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml;jsessionid=6de6fdd0eab8e21e79fec4f33166?bill_id=201320140AB127\">AB 127 calls\u003c/a> on the State Fire Marshall to review California’s flammability standards for building insulation and work with government officials to ensure fire safety “while giving full consideration to the long-term human and ecological health impacts associated with chemical flame retardants.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Skinner made her case before the state Senate committee on Monday, several witnesses spoke in support of the bill, including Justin Malan of the U.S. Green Building Council California. Malan argued that although the builders, architects, planners and engineers he represents strongly support energy efficiency, they know that sometimes building materials need careful review. “Let’s not make the same costly, and lethal, mistakes we made with asbestos,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arlene Blum, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greensciencepolicy.org/\">Green Science Policy Institute\u003c/a> and a chemist who has long sounded the alarm about the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-04-15/national/38550740_1_flame-retardants-pbdes-treated-products/2\">potential hazards of flame retardants\u003c/a>, urged the committee to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2012/06/18/98102/governor_orders_change_in_state_policy_on_flame_retardants_in?category=bay+area\">follow the lead of Governor Brown\u003c/a>, who directed regulators to update the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-political-firestorm-inside-your-sofa/\">state’s furniture flammability standards\u003c/a> to increase fire safety without using potentially toxic chemicals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Existing building standards require 15 minutes to flashover, when the fire turns from flame to conflagration as nearby combustibles ignite. By the time a fire hits the treated plastic foam insulation inside the wall, Blum said, “all the flame retardants do is make the fire more toxic, produce dioxins, which harm the health of first responders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lobbying against public health?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwelve public interest and business groups followed Malone and Blum in support of AB 127. Leading the opposition to the bill was Joe Lang, representing the chemical industry’s main trade group, the American Chemistry Council. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lang, a veteran Sacramento lobbyist who once \u003ca href=\"http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/documentStore/v/c/m/vcm94b00/Svcm94b00.pdf\">represented tobacco giant Philip Morris\u003c/a>, now heads the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.sacbee.com/capitolalertlatest/2013/02/see-which-lobbying-firms-made-the-most-money-in-2012.html\">top-grossing lobbying firm\u003c/a> in Sacramento. His firm received more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2011/money-to-burn\">$1 million from chemical industry interests\u003c/a> over five years to help defeat five bills to regulate flame retardants added to consumer products. In the first quarter of this year, Lang and his associates have earned 40,000 from the American Chemistry Council, state records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claiming most of the opposition’s allotted time, Lang did not argue the merits of reviewing the state’s building code but lectured the committee on the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PollutionPrevention/GreenChemistryInitiative/index.cfm?CFID=26318756&CFTOKEN=89839980\">Green Chemistry Initiative\u003c/a> (enacted in 2008 but plagued by budgetary problems and yet to see full implementation), which aims to identify chemical hazards and safer alternatives. He argued that AB 127 subverted the state’s green chemistry policy by asking for a separate process, not based on science, that evaluates chemical hazards one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lang also argued that most of the evidence cited to show the risks of flame retardants studied chemicals that aren’t used in foam insulation. Then he referred to a \u003ca href=\"http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13630/trd_rar_ireland_tccp_en.pdf\">European Union risk assessment\u003c/a> for TCPP that failed to find evidence of risk to consumers or the environment, based on exposure models, though it did show harm to workers in plants where the chemicals are made. All of the studies that AB 127 supporters point to as support for the toxicity of flame retardants don’t apply in this case, Lang said. “They’re creating a hysteria. They’re creating a sense that fire retardants used in building insulation are in fact dangerous. That’s not the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EU risk assessments of another flame retardant, known as Deca, also found no significant risks to health and the environment using their exposure models. Although the EU banned Deca in 2002, the subsequent favorable risk assessment helped win a reprieve, allowing manufacturers to continue using Deca in electronics and electrical equipment. But the EU banned the chemical for good in 2008 after the European Parliament challenged the assessment, citing health and environmental concerns. (In 2009, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/existingchemicals/pubs/actionplans/deccadbe.html\">the EPA brokered a deal\u003c/a> with the two U.S. Deca manufacturers to phase out the chemical “to protect human health and the environment.”) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lang didn’t mention any risk assessment studies for HBCD. But last month, the U.N. Environment Programme’s Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-567_en.htm?locale=en\">voted to add HBCD\u003c/a> to its list of globally banned chemicals. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4743\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/House_fire-450x253-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/House_fire-450x253-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"(Image: Kpahor/Wikipedia)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4743\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Image: \u003ca href=\"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:House_fire_using_gasoline.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kpahor/Wikipedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17508\">directed state agencies\u003c/a> to reduce water use and greenhouse gas emissions through a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/Green_Building_Action_Plan_B.18.12.pdf\">green building action plan\u003c/a> to “shrink the state’s environmental footprint.” The order also mandated using “environmentally preferable products that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing goods that serve the same purpose.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just seven months later, a \u003ca href=\"http://superfund.berkeley.edu/pdf/395.pdf\">study in Building Research and Information\u003c/a> revealed that plastic foam insulation used to increase energy efficiency in buildings may pose an unnecessary risk to health and the environment. Manufacturers add potentially harmful fire-retardant chemicals to insulation to pass a flammability test required in building codes. But the test isn’t reliable for foam plastic insulation, argued fire scientist Vytenis Babrauskas and his colleagues. And the codes’ requirement for a thermal barrier – a thick wallboard that separates the insulation from a room’s interior – already makes insulation fire-safe without the need for flame retardants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Nancy Skinner (D-Berkeley) first learned about this apparent environmental Catch-22 when she had to replace the insulation in her home. A legislator known for \u003ca href=\"http://www.smartvoter.org/2008/11/04/ca/state/vote/skinner_n/bio.html\">her environmental record\u003c/a>, Skinner introduced a \u003ca href=\"http://elcerrito.patch.com/groups/politics-and-elections/p/new-skinner-bill-opposes-flame-retardant-in-building-insulation\">bill in January\u003c/a> calling on state officials to revisit building standards to ensure fire safety without relying on harmful chemicals. On Monday, the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=ab_127&sess=CUR&house=B\">AB 127\u003c/a>, passed the Senate Business Professions and Economic Development Committee, and could reach the Senate floor sometime in August. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential for harm\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe main plastic insulation flame retardants — HBCD or HBCDD, for hexabromocyclododecane, and TCPP, for tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate – aren’t chemically bound to the insulation, so they can escape into the environment. Although researchers have shown that flame retardants in furniture foam can seep from foam into the air and settle in dust, it’s not clear how HBCD and TCPP wind up in indoor air and dust. Possible routes of dispersal include points of manufacture, use and disposal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both compounds, classified as high-volume chemicals by the Environmental Protection Agency (with U.S. import/production volumes between 20 million and 100 million pounds), occur in soil, sewage sludge and aquatic sediments and have been found in bivalves, fish, birds and other wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In keeping with its profile as a fat-loving, bioaccumulating toxic chemical, HBCD appears in higher levels in \u003ca href=\"http://saferinsulation.greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Covaci-HBCD-review.pdf\">predators like porpoises and falcons\u003c/a>. It’s also been found in human fat tissue, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21441408\">blood and breast milk\u003c/a>. Testing the possibility that the chemicals could enter our bodies through food, researchers \u003ca href=\"http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ehp.1204993.pdf\">found HBCD in 42 percent\u003c/a> of foods purchased in Dallas grocery stores. Canned sardines and smoked turkey sausages had the highest levels, in keeping with other studies suggesting that fatty foods could be an important exposure pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies in animals indicate that HBCD disrupts hormone function and interferes with the developing nervous system. Less is known about TCPP, though it’s also been detected in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20383376\">human breast milk\u003c/a> and causes \u003ca href=\"http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/05/23/toxsci.kft100.long\">developmental\u003c/a> and neurological defects in animal studies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fire-safe buildings without chemicals\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBuilding standards regulating foam insulation date back to the 1960s, and required that products pass the “Steiner Tunnel” test, which measures flame spread from the bottom of a tunnel to its ceiling, outfitted with insulation. In the 1970s, the thermal barrier requirement was added to protect exposed insulation because, Babrauskas and his coauthors assert in their recent study, insulation proved highly flammable even after passing the Steiner test. Using flame retardants when a thermal barrier is present, the authors concluded, does not add a fire safety benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml;jsessionid=6de6fdd0eab8e21e79fec4f33166?bill_id=201320140AB127\">AB 127 calls\u003c/a> on the State Fire Marshall to review California’s flammability standards for building insulation and work with government officials to ensure fire safety “while giving full consideration to the long-term human and ecological health impacts associated with chemical flame retardants.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Skinner made her case before the state Senate committee on Monday, several witnesses spoke in support of the bill, including Justin Malan of the U.S. Green Building Council California. Malan argued that although the builders, architects, planners and engineers he represents strongly support energy efficiency, they know that sometimes building materials need careful review. “Let’s not make the same costly, and lethal, mistakes we made with asbestos,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arlene Blum, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greensciencepolicy.org/\">Green Science Policy Institute\u003c/a> and a chemist who has long sounded the alarm about the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-04-15/national/38550740_1_flame-retardants-pbdes-treated-products/2\">potential hazards of flame retardants\u003c/a>, urged the committee to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2012/06/18/98102/governor_orders_change_in_state_policy_on_flame_retardants_in?category=bay+area\">follow the lead of Governor Brown\u003c/a>, who directed regulators to update the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-political-firestorm-inside-your-sofa/\">state’s furniture flammability standards\u003c/a> to increase fire safety without using potentially toxic chemicals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Existing building standards require 15 minutes to flashover, when the fire turns from flame to conflagration as nearby combustibles ignite. By the time a fire hits the treated plastic foam insulation inside the wall, Blum said, “all the flame retardants do is make the fire more toxic, produce dioxins, which harm the health of first responders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lobbying against public health?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwelve public interest and business groups followed Malone and Blum in support of AB 127. Leading the opposition to the bill was Joe Lang, representing the chemical industry’s main trade group, the American Chemistry Council. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lang, a veteran Sacramento lobbyist who once \u003ca href=\"http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/documentStore/v/c/m/vcm94b00/Svcm94b00.pdf\">represented tobacco giant Philip Morris\u003c/a>, now heads the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.sacbee.com/capitolalertlatest/2013/02/see-which-lobbying-firms-made-the-most-money-in-2012.html\">top-grossing lobbying firm\u003c/a> in Sacramento. His firm received more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2011/money-to-burn\">$1 million from chemical industry interests\u003c/a> over five years to help defeat five bills to regulate flame retardants added to consumer products. In the first quarter of this year, Lang and his associates have earned 40,000 from the American Chemistry Council, state records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claiming most of the opposition’s allotted time, Lang did not argue the merits of reviewing the state’s building code but lectured the committee on the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PollutionPrevention/GreenChemistryInitiative/index.cfm?CFID=26318756&CFTOKEN=89839980\">Green Chemistry Initiative\u003c/a> (enacted in 2008 but plagued by budgetary problems and yet to see full implementation), which aims to identify chemical hazards and safer alternatives. He argued that AB 127 subverted the state’s green chemistry policy by asking for a separate process, not based on science, that evaluates chemical hazards one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lang also argued that most of the evidence cited to show the risks of flame retardants studied chemicals that aren’t used in foam insulation. Then he referred to a \u003ca href=\"http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13630/trd_rar_ireland_tccp_en.pdf\">European Union risk assessment\u003c/a> for TCPP that failed to find evidence of risk to consumers or the environment, based on exposure models, though it did show harm to workers in plants where the chemicals are made. All of the studies that AB 127 supporters point to as support for the toxicity of flame retardants don’t apply in this case, Lang said. “They’re creating a hysteria. They’re creating a sense that fire retardants used in building insulation are in fact dangerous. That’s not the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EU risk assessments of another flame retardant, known as Deca, also found no significant risks to health and the environment using their exposure models. Although the EU banned Deca in 2002, the subsequent favorable risk assessment helped win a reprieve, allowing manufacturers to continue using Deca in electronics and electrical equipment. But the EU banned the chemical for good in 2008 after the European Parliament challenged the assessment, citing health and environmental concerns. (In 2009, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/existingchemicals/pubs/actionplans/deccadbe.html\">the EPA brokered a deal\u003c/a> with the two U.S. Deca manufacturers to phase out the chemical “to protect human health and the environment.”) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lang didn’t mention any risk assessment studies for HBCD. But last month, the U.N. Environment Programme’s Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-567_en.htm?locale=en\">voted to add HBCD\u003c/a> to its list of globally banned chemicals. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"perspectives": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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