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"title": "Silicon Valley Billionaire Battles Surfers Over Beach Access",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/01/20140113science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pelicanrock_scale-e1389396164850.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12935\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pelicanrock_scale-e1389396164850.jpg\" alt=\"Pelican Rock marks the northern end of Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pelican Rock marks the northern end of Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Martins Beach, three miles south of Half Moon Bay, was once a hidden gem of the San Mateo County coastline, known to just a handful of local surfers and people who rented cottages along the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”61b860e0cb4ab6cf8dfc83ea28432088″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those days are over. The small beach has become ground zero for a protracted legal battle between locals and one Silicon Valley billionaire who would like to keep the public out.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFor locals, “a little Yosemite”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on a windy gray day, Martins Beach is perfect. About a quarter mile long, the beach is hidden from Highway 1, accessible by a winding road that passes through a small community of modest beach houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the south end of the beach, cliffs jut up from the ocean; at the north, waves crash against a massive rock formation shaped like a shark fin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think John Muir would roll over in his grave if he thought we’d be losing access to this completely unique spot,” says Mike Wallace, who coaches the surf team at the local high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12938\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MW_scale-e1389396343762.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12938 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MW_scale-e1389396343762.jpg\" alt=\"Mike Wallace used to bring his high school surf team to practice at Martins Beach. Here, he stands next to a mural depicting the beach's former owners. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"355\" height=\"266\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Wallace used to bring his high school surf team to practice at Martins Beach. Here, he stands next to a mural depicting a former cabin-owner. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His daughter caught her first wave off of Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a lot of us, it feels like a little Yosemite of the coast,” Wallace says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heart of the battle is not on this beach, lovely as it may be. All California beaches are public — that is, from the ocean up to the high water line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real heart of the battle is the road that leads to the beach. Because other than a boat, there is only one way to get here: the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turn from Highway 1 can be hard to find. A large sign that once beckoned visitors to Martins Beach is now painted black. This particularly galls Wallace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, out of sight, out of mind. Paint the sign black and all of a sudden the public loses interest and it falls off the map. We don’t want it to fall off the map.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sold to an unnamed buyer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, the property was sold for $37.5 million to a private owner. The sign was painted and a gate went up, saying, “Private property. Keep out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12934\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/khosla_duncan_scale.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12934 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/khosla_duncan_scale.jpg\" alt=\"Silicon Valley investor Vinod Khosla is the new owner of Martins Beach. (James Duncan Davidson/O'Reilly Media, Inc.)\" width=\"270\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silicon Valley investor Vinod Khosla is the new owner of Martins Beach. (James Duncan Davidson/O’Reilly Media, Inc.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Initially, Wallace and other regulars weren’t sure who the new owners were. The legal documents cited an LLC called, simply, Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But eventually, they figured it out. The new owner of Martins Beach was Vinod Khosla, the Silicon Valley billionaire investor best known for his investments in clean tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of what’s gotten this case so much press is that Khosla isn’t the type of person you’d expect to find in a show-down with environmentalists, such as Mark Massara, a long-time surfer and attorney on one of four lawsuits filed so far over Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even for billionaires with a solid track record of conservation efforts, taking coastal property and trying to privatize it… people are generally not willing to allow that to happen,” says Massara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara and others argue that the road to Martins Beach has been used by the public for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The previous owners, the Deeney family, charged a $10 fee to people who wanted to park their cars there. There are public bathrooms at the beach and a café, now closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, in other words, a longtime precedent of public access at Martins Beach, says Massara, even though the property does not contain an easement requiring public access on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12997\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MM_Sclae-21.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12997 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MM_Sclae-21.jpg\" alt=\"Surfer and environmental attorney Mark Massara at home near San Francisco's Ocean Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"346\" height=\"260\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surfer and environmental attorney Mark Massara at home near San Francisco’s Ocean Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The courts haven’t always agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, a county judge ruled that Khosla can keep the public from walking or driving to the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the beach contained no easement when it was acquired through a 19th-century Mexican land grant, San Mateo County Superior Court Judge Gerald Buchwald ruled, the property is not subject to the state’s constitutional laws regarding public access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara says that precedent could imperil public access up and down California’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Setting a precedent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake,” Massara says, “if it stands in this case, it’ll inspire other efforts by other wealthy individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision is likely to be appealed. Meanwhile, Massara, along with the Surfrider Foundation, has filed another lawsuit, which may go to court this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A David and Goliath battle waged entirely in paperwork\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Surfrider suit contends that Khosla is required to seek permits from the California Coastal Commission for any improvements to the property. That includes several recent changes: the gate at the top of the road, road maintenance and an emergency seawall constructed on the beach this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly dull and technical point – building permits – may turn out to be the true arena for the Martins Beach battle, particularly if the investor plans to remove the cottages when their leases expire in 2021 and build a private residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/cafe_scale1-e1389398208404.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12937\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/cafe_scale1-e1389398208404.jpg\" alt=\"The beach's former owners, the Deeney family, ran a cafe on Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The beach’s former owners, the Deeney family, ran a cafe on Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it as a David-and-Goliath battle waged entirely in paperwork, between a billionaire and the chronically-unfunded agency in charge of issuing these permits, the California Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A state agency intent on public access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We couldn’t get a comment from Khosla for this story. His office in Menlo Park forwarded our request to his lawyers, who declined to answer questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their part, staff members at the Coastal Commission say they’ve tried to negotiate with the owner from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked them if they wanted to resolve it. In fact, we met with the owner’s attorneys,” says Nancy Cave, a district manager for the North Central Division of the California Coastal Commission, which has fought to establish public access to California beaches since its founding in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n“They showed no interest in resolving. They only wanted to litigate.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nancy Cave and her staff want to keep Martins Beach open to the public. Khosla will need permits from the Commission if he wants to do almost anything on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Cave thought, maybe they could strike a deal. She was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They showed no interest in resolving,” says Cave. “They only wanted to litigate. They wanted us to act so they could litigate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two separate lawsuits, Khosla’s attorneys have argued that developing the property will not require permits from the Coastal Commission. Both suits have been dismissed, the second by Khosla’s attorneys themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara believes this drawn-out litigation plays to Khosla’s strength: a personal fortune that far exceeds the Commission’s annual budget of $16 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steeling for a fight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission staff members say they’re well used to taking on affluent land owners, most famously, David Geffen, who tried (and failed) to keep the public from accessing a path near his Malibu Beach estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking to Cave and her colleagues, you get the sense they’re steeling themselves for a drawn-out fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/P1140220-e1389398089205.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/P1140220-e1389398089205.jpg\" alt=\"Martins Beach is home to the residents of about 45 small beach houses, all of whose leases expire in 2021. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martins Beach is home to the residents of about 45 small beach houses, all of whose leases expire in 2021. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re pretty used to litigating against deep pockets,” says Alex Helperin, senior staff counsel for the Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been in litigation with a lot of wealthy adversaries,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does that stop us from doing our work?” says Nancy Cave, “No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of the permits on the Martins Beach property — for an emergency seawall built recently to prevent erosion – is due this month.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pelicanrock_scale-e1389396164850.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12935\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pelicanrock_scale-e1389396164850.jpg\" alt=\"Pelican Rock marks the northern end of Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pelican Rock marks the northern end of Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Martins Beach, three miles south of Half Moon Bay, was once a hidden gem of the San Mateo County coastline, known to just a handful of local surfers and people who rented cottages along the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those days are over. The small beach has become ground zero for a protracted legal battle between locals and one Silicon Valley billionaire who would like to keep the public out.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFor locals, “a little Yosemite”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on a windy gray day, Martins Beach is perfect. About a quarter mile long, the beach is hidden from Highway 1, accessible by a winding road that passes through a small community of modest beach houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the south end of the beach, cliffs jut up from the ocean; at the north, waves crash against a massive rock formation shaped like a shark fin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think John Muir would roll over in his grave if he thought we’d be losing access to this completely unique spot,” says Mike Wallace, who coaches the surf team at the local high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12938\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MW_scale-e1389396343762.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12938 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MW_scale-e1389396343762.jpg\" alt=\"Mike Wallace used to bring his high school surf team to practice at Martins Beach. Here, he stands next to a mural depicting the beach's former owners. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"355\" height=\"266\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Wallace used to bring his high school surf team to practice at Martins Beach. Here, he stands next to a mural depicting a former cabin-owner. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His daughter caught her first wave off of Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a lot of us, it feels like a little Yosemite of the coast,” Wallace says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heart of the battle is not on this beach, lovely as it may be. All California beaches are public — that is, from the ocean up to the high water line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real heart of the battle is the road that leads to the beach. Because other than a boat, there is only one way to get here: the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turn from Highway 1 can be hard to find. A large sign that once beckoned visitors to Martins Beach is now painted black. This particularly galls Wallace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, out of sight, out of mind. Paint the sign black and all of a sudden the public loses interest and it falls off the map. We don’t want it to fall off the map.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sold to an unnamed buyer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, the property was sold for $37.5 million to a private owner. The sign was painted and a gate went up, saying, “Private property. Keep out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12934\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/khosla_duncan_scale.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12934 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/khosla_duncan_scale.jpg\" alt=\"Silicon Valley investor Vinod Khosla is the new owner of Martins Beach. (James Duncan Davidson/O'Reilly Media, Inc.)\" width=\"270\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silicon Valley investor Vinod Khosla is the new owner of Martins Beach. (James Duncan Davidson/O’Reilly Media, Inc.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Initially, Wallace and other regulars weren’t sure who the new owners were. The legal documents cited an LLC called, simply, Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But eventually, they figured it out. The new owner of Martins Beach was Vinod Khosla, the Silicon Valley billionaire investor best known for his investments in clean tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of what’s gotten this case so much press is that Khosla isn’t the type of person you’d expect to find in a show-down with environmentalists, such as Mark Massara, a long-time surfer and attorney on one of four lawsuits filed so far over Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even for billionaires with a solid track record of conservation efforts, taking coastal property and trying to privatize it… people are generally not willing to allow that to happen,” says Massara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara and others argue that the road to Martins Beach has been used by the public for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The previous owners, the Deeney family, charged a $10 fee to people who wanted to park their cars there. There are public bathrooms at the beach and a café, now closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, in other words, a longtime precedent of public access at Martins Beach, says Massara, even though the property does not contain an easement requiring public access on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12997\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MM_Sclae-21.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12997 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MM_Sclae-21.jpg\" alt=\"Surfer and environmental attorney Mark Massara at home near San Francisco's Ocean Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"346\" height=\"260\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surfer and environmental attorney Mark Massara at home near San Francisco’s Ocean Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The courts haven’t always agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, a county judge ruled that Khosla can keep the public from walking or driving to the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the beach contained no easement when it was acquired through a 19th-century Mexican land grant, San Mateo County Superior Court Judge Gerald Buchwald ruled, the property is not subject to the state’s constitutional laws regarding public access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara says that precedent could imperil public access up and down California’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Setting a precedent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake,” Massara says, “if it stands in this case, it’ll inspire other efforts by other wealthy individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision is likely to be appealed. Meanwhile, Massara, along with the Surfrider Foundation, has filed another lawsuit, which may go to court this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A David and Goliath battle waged entirely in paperwork\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Surfrider suit contends that Khosla is required to seek permits from the California Coastal Commission for any improvements to the property. That includes several recent changes: the gate at the top of the road, road maintenance and an emergency seawall constructed on the beach this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly dull and technical point – building permits – may turn out to be the true arena for the Martins Beach battle, particularly if the investor plans to remove the cottages when their leases expire in 2021 and build a private residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/cafe_scale1-e1389398208404.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12937\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/cafe_scale1-e1389398208404.jpg\" alt=\"The beach's former owners, the Deeney family, ran a cafe on Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The beach’s former owners, the Deeney family, ran a cafe on Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it as a David-and-Goliath battle waged entirely in paperwork, between a billionaire and the chronically-unfunded agency in charge of issuing these permits, the California Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A state agency intent on public access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We couldn’t get a comment from Khosla for this story. His office in Menlo Park forwarded our request to his lawyers, who declined to answer questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their part, staff members at the Coastal Commission say they’ve tried to negotiate with the owner from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked them if they wanted to resolve it. In fact, we met with the owner’s attorneys,” says Nancy Cave, a district manager for the North Central Division of the California Coastal Commission, which has fought to establish public access to California beaches since its founding in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n“They showed no interest in resolving. They only wanted to litigate.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nancy Cave and her staff want to keep Martins Beach open to the public. Khosla will need permits from the Commission if he wants to do almost anything on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Cave thought, maybe they could strike a deal. She was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They showed no interest in resolving,” says Cave. “They only wanted to litigate. They wanted us to act so they could litigate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two separate lawsuits, Khosla’s attorneys have argued that developing the property will not require permits from the Coastal Commission. Both suits have been dismissed, the second by Khosla’s attorneys themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara believes this drawn-out litigation plays to Khosla’s strength: a personal fortune that far exceeds the Commission’s annual budget of $16 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steeling for a fight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission staff members say they’re well used to taking on affluent land owners, most famously, David Geffen, who tried (and failed) to keep the public from accessing a path near his Malibu Beach estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking to Cave and her colleagues, you get the sense they’re steeling themselves for a drawn-out fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/P1140220-e1389398089205.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/P1140220-e1389398089205.jpg\" alt=\"Martins Beach is home to the residents of about 45 small beach houses, all of whose leases expire in 2021. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martins Beach is home to the residents of about 45 small beach houses, all of whose leases expire in 2021. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re pretty used to litigating against deep pockets,” says Alex Helperin, senior staff counsel for the Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been in litigation with a lot of wealthy adversaries,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does that stop us from doing our work?” says Nancy Cave, “No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Officials say there’s no link between nuclear disaster and radiation on a Half Moon Bay beach. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/09/a-dose-of-straight-talk-on-fukushima-radiation-rumors/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"rssmi_more\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/09/a-dose-of-straight-talk-on-fukushima-radiation-rumors/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"A Bay Area Beach Video Stirs Fukushima Radiation Fears — But Shouldn’t\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Environmental groups are generally lauding \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\">Governor Jerry Brown’s proposed budget\u003c/a>, which includes an outline for spending revenue from the state’s carbon auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/11/14/five-reasons-you-should-care-about-california%E2%80%99s-cap-and-trade-carbon-market/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> charges companies for the right to pollute. Fees are then supposed to be used for programs aimed at cutting greenhouse gas emissions and to shield consumers from any hikes in their electric bill caused by the regulation. Brown’s budget proposes how to spend $850 million from the program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12899\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/capandtradebudget.jpg\" alt=\"(Source: Governor's Full Budget Summary)\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Source: Governor’s Full Budget Summary)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter of the revenue is required to go towards helping environmentally disadvantaged areas, with one tenth invested within those communities.[contextly_sidebar id=”981f6f2762c3416bfb4ebc29109a638d”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most vulnerable to climate change are those who are low-income and communities of color,” said Mari Rose Taruc with the \u003ca href=\"http://apen4ej.org/\">Asian Pacific Environmental Network\u003c/a>. “A few of the priority investment areas include energy efficiency for low-income homes. It includes affordable transit-oriented development as part of a broader sustainable communities strategy, as well as urban forestry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the governor outraged environmentalists by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/14/enviros-livid-as-brown-diverts-cap-and-trade-funds/\">“borrowing” cap-and-trade revenues\u003c/a> to balance the general fund. This year’s budget includes $100 million being repaid from that loan, plus $750 million in expected revenue from the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall budget picture is rosier than in years past, as KQED’s Sacramento bureau chief \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/09/happy-days-are-here-again-brown-unveils-106-billion-budget-draft/\">Scott Detrow explains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Brace yourself, Californians: There’s no state budget crisis this year. Repeat: \u003cem>No crisis. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown didn’t actually say those exact words this morning as he unveiled \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/BudgetSummary/BSS/BSS.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his spending plan\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year, but he did sound a rare note of budget optimism. “For this year, there is very good news,” Brown said. “Good news in the fiscal stability and resources available for the state of California.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Other environmental budget items include $785,000 for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65 reform\u003c/a>; $655 million for state parks, including $40 million to catch up on deferred maintenance; $6.7 million for oil spill prevention and response, with an eye toward the expected increase in shipments of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/04/tank-battle-activists-take-aim-at-bay-area-crude-projects/\">crude oil by rail\u003c/a>; and $618 million for water-related spending, including conservation, infrastructure, flood prevention, drinking water and habitat restoration\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked in a press conference this morning about more immediate water concerns in this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/02/2013-californias-big-dry/\">very dry year\u003c/a>, Brown said he’ll do everything “humanly possible” to address water resources, but added, “Governors can’t make it rain.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Environmental groups are generally lauding \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\">Governor Jerry Brown’s proposed budget\u003c/a>, which includes an outline for spending revenue from the state’s carbon auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/11/14/five-reasons-you-should-care-about-california%E2%80%99s-cap-and-trade-carbon-market/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> charges companies for the right to pollute. Fees are then supposed to be used for programs aimed at cutting greenhouse gas emissions and to shield consumers from any hikes in their electric bill caused by the regulation. Brown’s budget proposes how to spend $850 million from the program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12899\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/capandtradebudget.jpg\" alt=\"(Source: Governor's Full Budget Summary)\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Source: Governor’s Full Budget Summary)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter of the revenue is required to go towards helping environmentally disadvantaged areas, with one tenth invested within those communities.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most vulnerable to climate change are those who are low-income and communities of color,” said Mari Rose Taruc with the \u003ca href=\"http://apen4ej.org/\">Asian Pacific Environmental Network\u003c/a>. “A few of the priority investment areas include energy efficiency for low-income homes. It includes affordable transit-oriented development as part of a broader sustainable communities strategy, as well as urban forestry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the governor outraged environmentalists by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/14/enviros-livid-as-brown-diverts-cap-and-trade-funds/\">“borrowing” cap-and-trade revenues\u003c/a> to balance the general fund. This year’s budget includes $100 million being repaid from that loan, plus $750 million in expected revenue from the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Most biodiversity news is bad news. Climate change, development and resource extraction threaten plants and animals around the world. But scientists are still discovering species, too. Finding and describing species new to science isn’t just something Charles Darwin did. Scientists at Bay Area institutions are discovering plants and animals all over the world, including some right here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12728\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Limenandra-barnosii.jpg\" alt=\"Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences) \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You would think, of course, we’ve done our homework and we’ve already charted our own biosphere, our own map of life on the planet,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/bfisher/\">Brian Fisher\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences. While there’s a lot of attention focused on the search for life on other planets, he said, there’s still a lot still to discover here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Fisher published descriptions of 38 new species of ants in Madagascar. Over the course of his career, he’s described 256 ant species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just discovering something esoteric like an ant,” he said. “It’s actually really trying to understand how ecosystems work, how they’re put together and really, it’s about our long-term sustainability. How are we, as humans, going to maintain clean water, clean environments and this relationship with biodiversity?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These new-to-science species aren’t all in far-away Madagascar. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/wake/wakelab.htm\">David Wake\u003c/a>, a curator of herpetology at Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at UC Berkeley, named two new species of salamanders that live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a thrill. You never get over it,” he said, of finding a new species. “You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other California discoveries in 2013 include \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/09/17/four-new-species-of-legless-lizards-discovered-living-on-the-edge/\">four species of legless lizard\u003c/a>, described by Theodore Papenfuss, also of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Berkeley scientists also turned up two new California fungi, one of them on the Berkeley campus. And they found two new flowering plants, one in Contra Costa County, the other in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of taxonomy focuses on naming and categorizing new species, but scientists also work to make sure the the existing family trees are arranged correctly. “We sometimes discover that species described in the past have been wrongly classified when they actually represent an entire group of organisms new to science,” explained \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/hickmanc\">Carole Hickman\u003c/a>, a professor in UC Berkeley’s Department of Integrative Biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, she described a new family of marine gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s documenting extinct species. CalAcademy scientists described two extinct sand dollars. And Jeffrey Benca, a grad student at University of California’s Museum of Paleontology, is in the process of publishing a paper about an extinct plant from the Devonian period. Studying that plant, which is related to current-day club mosses, and its relatives “may lead to a better understanding of where the continents were positioned when our distant ancestors, early tetrapods — lobe-finned fishes and amphibians — invaded land,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of species discovered by scientists at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences in 2013 also includes, among many others, a caecilian in the Iwokrama Forest in central Guyana (a caecilian is a snake-shaped amphibian), a dwarf gecko from Mt. Namuli in Mozambique, barnacles in the Gulf of Guinea, corals and sea fans in the Pacific, and an Ethiopian mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of science, you \u003ca href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/3895-there-is-grandeur-in-this-view-of-life-with-its\">endless forms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most biodiversity news is bad news. Climate change, development and resource extraction threaten plants and animals around the world. But scientists are still discovering species, too. Finding and describing species new to science isn’t just something Charles Darwin did. Scientists at Bay Area institutions are discovering plants and animals all over the world, including some right here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12728\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Limenandra-barnosii.jpg\" alt=\"Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences) \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You would think, of course, we’ve done our homework and we’ve already charted our own biosphere, our own map of life on the planet,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/bfisher/\">Brian Fisher\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences. While there’s a lot of attention focused on the search for life on other planets, he said, there’s still a lot still to discover here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Fisher published descriptions of 38 new species of ants in Madagascar. Over the course of his career, he’s described 256 ant species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just discovering something esoteric like an ant,” he said. “It’s actually really trying to understand how ecosystems work, how they’re put together and really, it’s about our long-term sustainability. How are we, as humans, going to maintain clean water, clean environments and this relationship with biodiversity?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These new-to-science species aren’t all in far-away Madagascar. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/wake/wakelab.htm\">David Wake\u003c/a>, a curator of herpetology at Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at UC Berkeley, named two new species of salamanders that live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a thrill. You never get over it,” he said, of finding a new species. “You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other California discoveries in 2013 include \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/09/17/four-new-species-of-legless-lizards-discovered-living-on-the-edge/\">four species of legless lizard\u003c/a>, described by Theodore Papenfuss, also of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Berkeley scientists also turned up two new California fungi, one of them on the Berkeley campus. And they found two new flowering plants, one in Contra Costa County, the other in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of taxonomy focuses on naming and categorizing new species, but scientists also work to make sure the the existing family trees are arranged correctly. “We sometimes discover that species described in the past have been wrongly classified when they actually represent an entire group of organisms new to science,” explained \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/hickmanc\">Carole Hickman\u003c/a>, a professor in UC Berkeley’s Department of Integrative Biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, she described a new family of marine gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s documenting extinct species. CalAcademy scientists described two extinct sand dollars. And Jeffrey Benca, a grad student at University of California’s Museum of Paleontology, is in the process of publishing a paper about an extinct plant from the Devonian period. Studying that plant, which is related to current-day club mosses, and its relatives “may lead to a better understanding of where the continents were positioned when our distant ancestors, early tetrapods — lobe-finned fishes and amphibians — invaded land,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of species discovered by scientists at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences in 2013 also includes, among many others, a caecilian in the Iwokrama Forest in central Guyana (a caecilian is a snake-shaped amphibian), a dwarf gecko from Mt. Namuli in Mozambique, barnacles in the Gulf of Guinea, corals and sea fans in the Pacific, and an Ethiopian mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of science, you \u003ca href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/3895-there-is-grandeur-in-this-view-of-life-with-its\">endless forms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Endangered Coho Salmon Return to Marin to Spawn",
"headTitle": "Endangered Coho Salmon Return to Marin to Spawn | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12602\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-2-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12602\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12602\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Many restoration efforts have been made at Leo T. Cronin to increase breeding for the endangered Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many restoration efforts have been made at Leo T. Cronin to increase breeding for the endangered Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).\u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Watching wild salmon swimming upstream isn’t just for for people with a television. This is the time of year for people in the San Francisco Bay Area to leave their couches and watch the endangered coho salmon (\u003cem>Oncorhynchus kisutch\u003c/em>) spawn in Marin! There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.spawnusa.org/cgi-files/0/pdfs/1110485431_Where_to_See_Salmon.pdf\">three main viewing sites in Marin\u003c/a>, although the Leo T. Cronin site has the most signage and walkable path. Organizations such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.spawnusa.org/creek-walks/\">SPAWN\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://wildequity.org\">Wild Equity Institute\u003c/a> hold salmon tours each season for the public to observe and learn about these salmonids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12603\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12603\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-1.jpg\" alt=\"From December to February, Leo T. Cronin is one of the best places to view salmon spawning. The trail alongside the creek is longer than other local salmon viewing sites, and there is more signage to learn about the species. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From December to February, Leo T. Cronin is one of the best places to view salmon spawning. The trail alongside the creek is longer than other local salmon viewing sites, and there is more signage to learn about the species.\u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spawning season for the coho salmon lasts until February. They are an anadromous fish, meaning, they migrate from the sea to fresh water for breeding. Male coho are more than 2 feet long, and are vibrantly green and red during breeding season. During this time, males also develop a hooked snout and large teeth. Females use their tails to dig a nest known as a “redd,” and deposit roughly 100 eggs per redd. Males then release sperm, known as “milt,” over the eggs to fertilize them. Incubation in California lasts until April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12604\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12604\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12604\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-2.jpg\" alt=\"Likely remnants of a salmon that had arrived at the Leo T. Cronin viewing area to spawn and was eaten one of many predators in the area. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Likely remnants of a salmon that had arrived at the Leo T. Cronin viewing area to spawn and was eaten one of many predators in the area.\u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sadly, there are fewer and fewer salmon returning to spawn at these sites each year. Coho salmon along with the endangered steelhead trout (\u003cem>Oncorhynchus mykiss\u003c/em>) have been the center of a political firestorm for conservationists and housing developers. Urban development alongside these creeks has increased non-native plant and animal species, pollution and sediment build-up, degrading the endangered coho salmon and steelhead trout’s habitat. Today, less than 10% of its population remains since 1940. With the help of SPAWN, its volunteers and numerous donors, \u003ca href=\"http://www.spawnusa.org/habitat-restoration/\">these viewing sites continue to be restored by recreating riparian habitat, removing non-native plants and replacing them with native plants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12601\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-1-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12601\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Signage at the Leo T. Cronin salmon viewing area, describing the natural history of the species. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signage at the Leo T. Cronin salmon viewing area, describing the natural history of the species.\u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What better way to start off the new year by viewing an endangered species in your own backyard!\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "Watching wild salmon swimming upstream isn't just for for people with a television. This is the time of year for people in the San Francisco Bay Area to leave their couches and watch the endangered coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) spawn in Marin! There are three main viewing sites in Marin, although the Leo T. Cronin",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12602\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-2-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12602\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12602\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Many restoration efforts have been made at Leo T. Cronin to increase breeding for the endangered Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many restoration efforts have been made at Leo T. Cronin to increase breeding for the endangered Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).\u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Watching wild salmon swimming upstream isn’t just for for people with a television. This is the time of year for people in the San Francisco Bay Area to leave their couches and watch the endangered coho salmon (\u003cem>Oncorhynchus kisutch\u003c/em>) spawn in Marin! There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.spawnusa.org/cgi-files/0/pdfs/1110485431_Where_to_See_Salmon.pdf\">three main viewing sites in Marin\u003c/a>, although the Leo T. Cronin site has the most signage and walkable path. Organizations such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.spawnusa.org/creek-walks/\">SPAWN\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://wildequity.org\">Wild Equity Institute\u003c/a> hold salmon tours each season for the public to observe and learn about these salmonids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12603\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12603\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-1.jpg\" alt=\"From December to February, Leo T. Cronin is one of the best places to view salmon spawning. The trail alongside the creek is longer than other local salmon viewing sites, and there is more signage to learn about the species. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From December to February, Leo T. Cronin is one of the best places to view salmon spawning. The trail alongside the creek is longer than other local salmon viewing sites, and there is more signage to learn about the species.\u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spawning season for the coho salmon lasts until February. They are an anadromous fish, meaning, they migrate from the sea to fresh water for breeding. Male coho are more than 2 feet long, and are vibrantly green and red during breeding season. During this time, males also develop a hooked snout and large teeth. Females use their tails to dig a nest known as a “redd,” and deposit roughly 100 eggs per redd. Males then release sperm, known as “milt,” over the eggs to fertilize them. Incubation in California lasts until April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12604\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12604\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12604\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-2.jpg\" alt=\"Likely remnants of a salmon that had arrived at the Leo T. Cronin viewing area to spawn and was eaten one of many predators in the area. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Likely remnants of a salmon that had arrived at the Leo T. Cronin viewing area to spawn and was eaten one of many predators in the area.\u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sadly, there are fewer and fewer salmon returning to spawn at these sites each year. Coho salmon along with the endangered steelhead trout (\u003cem>Oncorhynchus mykiss\u003c/em>) have been the center of a political firestorm for conservationists and housing developers. Urban development alongside these creeks has increased non-native plant and animal species, pollution and sediment build-up, degrading the endangered coho salmon and steelhead trout’s habitat. Today, less than 10% of its population remains since 1940. With the help of SPAWN, its volunteers and numerous donors, \u003ca href=\"http://www.spawnusa.org/habitat-restoration/\">these viewing sites continue to be restored by recreating riparian habitat, removing non-native plants and replacing them with native plants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12601\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-1-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12601\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/salmon-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Signage at the Leo T. Cronin salmon viewing area, describing the natural history of the species. Photo by Rachael Rufino\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signage at the Leo T. Cronin salmon viewing area, describing the natural history of the species.\u003cbr>Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What better way to start off the new year by viewing an endangered species in your own backyard!\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Spare-the-Air Days: How They Make the Call",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12592\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" alt=\"Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is on a roll — not one to brag about, however. With at least two streaks in December, one lasting 11 days, this winter looks to shatter the record for the number of \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - STA\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare-the-Air\u003c/a> days, the longstanding campaign by regional air quality regulators to curb particulate air pollution by restricting wood-burning. Twenty-two are already in the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about double the number of actual days so far with unhealthy air. So how do they know when to “pull the trigger” and ask us to “spare the air”? The process starts with meteorologists at the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, who look daily at the weather forecast and from that, try to handicap whether the nine-county Bay Area will exceed federal air pollution standards the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Art & Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bit of an art and a bit of a science mixed together,” says Kurt Malone, senior meteorologist with the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malone and his team look partly at wind and temperatures to judge whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s national standard for particulate air pollution is “likely to be exceeded” here in the Bay Area on the next day. That’s a score above 100 on the EPA’s \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - AQI\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/Stay-Informed/Todays-Air-Quality/Air-Quality-Index.aspx\">AQI scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, forecasters watch for a temperature inversion, a common wintertime condition when the air hundreds of feet up is warmer than at ground level. “The colder the surface is, the stronger the inversion is going to be,” explains Malone, and that warmer air aloft acts like a lid that locks in pollution. The \u003ca title=\"sfist - post\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2013/12/17/seriously_though_san_franciscos_air.php\">worst days\u003c/a> tend to be during strong inversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the strength of the nighttime inversion, which is almost two-thirds of each day during this time year,” says Malone, whose team can then compare conditions to historical data, to see how likely those conditions are to spike pollution the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We keep a running history every winter of what minimum temperatures might lead to what particulate concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lower pressure from the Pacific brings breezier conditions to the Bay or the ground warms up from milder temperatures, it tends to break up the inversion and allow pollution to escape into the upper atmosphere. Rain will also wash out the air. Then officials are apt to cancel the air alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But every day in meteorology can be different,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s air quality can also affect tomorrow’s, so forecasters check current air quality against the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter of tiny airborne particles known as \u003ca title=\"AirNow - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.particle\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, a reference to their size. At just a fraction the width of a human hair, particles this small are easily inhaled and can make it all the way \u003ca title=\"PNAS - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/8756.full\">into the blood stream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A .500 Batting Average\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air District maintains a network of 32 air quality monitors around the nine-county area. “We can see from our monitoring network what it is today and then extrapolate into the next day,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how often are they right? Malone says it’s about half the time — but he hastens to add that when they’re wrong, they’re usually not far wrong. “Often times we come just under that national standard,” he says, and adds that in many of those cases, local air quality comes in under the wire because of Spare-the-Air measures taken the previous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality also tends to be patchy; it can vary widely around the region. If indications are that just one place will fall below the federal bar, air managers will declare a Spare-the-Air day for the entire region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter alerts are triggered by entirely different concerns than in summer, when the biggest worry is a high level of ground-level ozone, an unhealthy condition driven by car exhaust and hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12592\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" alt=\"Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is on a roll — not one to brag about, however. With at least two streaks in December, one lasting 11 days, this winter looks to shatter the record for the number of \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - STA\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare-the-Air\u003c/a> days, the longstanding campaign by regional air quality regulators to curb particulate air pollution by restricting wood-burning. Twenty-two are already in the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about double the number of actual days so far with unhealthy air. So how do they know when to “pull the trigger” and ask us to “spare the air”? The process starts with meteorologists at the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, who look daily at the weather forecast and from that, try to handicap whether the nine-county Bay Area will exceed federal air pollution standards the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Art & Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bit of an art and a bit of a science mixed together,” says Kurt Malone, senior meteorologist with the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malone and his team look partly at wind and temperatures to judge whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s national standard for particulate air pollution is “likely to be exceeded” here in the Bay Area on the next day. That’s a score above 100 on the EPA’s \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - AQI\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/Stay-Informed/Todays-Air-Quality/Air-Quality-Index.aspx\">AQI scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, forecasters watch for a temperature inversion, a common wintertime condition when the air hundreds of feet up is warmer than at ground level. “The colder the surface is, the stronger the inversion is going to be,” explains Malone, and that warmer air aloft acts like a lid that locks in pollution. The \u003ca title=\"sfist - post\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2013/12/17/seriously_though_san_franciscos_air.php\">worst days\u003c/a> tend to be during strong inversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the strength of the nighttime inversion, which is almost two-thirds of each day during this time year,” says Malone, whose team can then compare conditions to historical data, to see how likely those conditions are to spike pollution the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We keep a running history every winter of what minimum temperatures might lead to what particulate concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lower pressure from the Pacific brings breezier conditions to the Bay or the ground warms up from milder temperatures, it tends to break up the inversion and allow pollution to escape into the upper atmosphere. Rain will also wash out the air. Then officials are apt to cancel the air alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But every day in meteorology can be different,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s air quality can also affect tomorrow’s, so forecasters check current air quality against the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter of tiny airborne particles known as \u003ca title=\"AirNow - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.particle\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, a reference to their size. At just a fraction the width of a human hair, particles this small are easily inhaled and can make it all the way \u003ca title=\"PNAS - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/8756.full\">into the blood stream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A .500 Batting Average\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air District maintains a network of 32 air quality monitors around the nine-county area. “We can see from our monitoring network what it is today and then extrapolate into the next day,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how often are they right? Malone says it’s about half the time — but he hastens to add that when they’re wrong, they’re usually not far wrong. “Often times we come just under that national standard,” he says, and adds that in many of those cases, local air quality comes in under the wire because of Spare-the-Air measures taken the previous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality also tends to be patchy; it can vary widely around the region. If indications are that just one place will fall below the federal bar, air managers will declare a Spare-the-Air day for the entire region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter alerts are triggered by entirely different concerns than in summer, when the biggest worry is a high level of ground-level ozone, an unhealthy condition driven by car exhaust and hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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"description": "[caption id=\"attachment_13657\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"351\"] Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the Monterey Shale. In California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas. What is it? Fracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. According to the oil industry, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state. Concerns Environmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also uses large volumes of freshwater. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found. Where it Stands In November 2013, state regulators released draft rules for fracking that are now expected to go into effect in July 2015. They followed passage of SB 4, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover. Under the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. The regulations are expected to be finalized by the end of 2014.",
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