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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/05/20150511science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, May 11, 2015:\u003c/strong> Once again this year, state officials have ordered thousands of junior water-rights holders to stop pumping water due to the drought. They’ve also warned that senior water-rights holders could be limited sometime later this year, if the limits on junior rights holders aren’t enough. In April, Governor Brown said if the dry conditions continue, the state’s entire water rights system could be up for examination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Dec. 8, 2014):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After three years of historically dry and hot weather, the images of California’s drought have become familiar: empty fields, brown lawns, dry stream beds. But for every one of those scenes, there are other parts of the state where water has been flowing freely and the effects of drought are hard to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all tied to California’s system of water rights — the complex hierarchy that governs who gets water during a drought and who doesn’t. After unprecedented cutbacks this year that left many farmers scrambling for water, some critics say the hierarchy is a historical relic that makes it harder for the state to deal with drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system is largely invisible, buried in legal contracts, court decisions and stacks of century-old papers. To get a sense of what it all means, there is a place you can go to actually see water rights in action: east of Interstate 5, near Los Banos, in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Haves and the Have Nots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is probably the most catastrophic water year we’ve ever had,” says Lon Martin, assistant manager at the San Luis Water District. He gave me a tour of the district at the height of the summer growing season this year, but there wasn’t much to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Very brown, desolate agriculture,” he says, eyeing the unplanted fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It doesn’t necessarily amount to a fair system or an efficient system.’\u003ccite>— Buzz Thompson,\u003cbr>\nStanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Farmers in the area rely on water from the federal Central Valley Project, but with the extreme drought, they didn’t get a single drop of their usual supply. Some laid off workers and ripped out almond orchards while others tried to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/some-california-farmers-fallow-fields-others-sell-water-for-big-profits/\">buy more expensive water\u003c/a> on the open market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as we sped down the road, the fields suddenly were green. There were rows of tomatoes and alfalfa, almost as if we’d crossed an invisible line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out, we had – into a different water district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an obvious dividing line,” Martin says. “They have much more senior rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers in the Central California Irrigation District were getting the majority of the water they normally do. The difference is water rights — the pecking order of who gets water first in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Senior vs. Junior\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has one of the most complicated water rights systems in the United States, if not the world,” says Buzz Thompson, professor of law at Stanford University. Thompson is one of the few people in California who can actually explain the intricacies of this pecking order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first in line for water in California are people who own land next to a river or stream. They have “riparian” water rights, as they’re known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of Californians don’t live on a waterway. So for most everyone, including cities and the majority of agricultural areas, it all depends on when they claimed water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whoever gets to a river first gets the senior right to take water out of that river or stream,” Thompson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24581\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/almond.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/almond.jpg\" alt=\"almond\" width=\"640\" height=\"373\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This ripped-up almond orchard is in the San Luis Water District, which is supplied by junior water rights. (Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early in California’s history, water claims could be made by nailing a piece of paper to a tree, as the \u003ca href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=SQ0OAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=san+francisco+mayor+water+rights+notice+phelan+oak+tree&source=bl&ots=Cc6Fo6irel&sig=UU1JMay60Vogrzu7M2LyoE8F3ng&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NM98VMT_CMzooATJkoC4DQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=san%20francisco%20mayor%20water%20rights%20notice%20phelan%20oak%20tree&f=false\">mayor of San Francisco famously did\u003c/a> to claim Tuolumne River water in 1901.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who got in early have senior rights. Everyone who made claims later has secondary or “junior” rights – and they only get water once the senior rights holders get the water they’ve claimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s as if, to get a cup of coffee at work, you had to line up with all your coworkers in order of how long you’ve all worked there. Sometimes, the coffee pot runs dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a period of drought, it means some people, the junior people, don’t get any water at all,” Thompson says. “And the more senior appropriators may get all of the water they’re entitled to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While San Francisco has very old water claims, latecomers like the Santa Clara Valley Water District, which serves Silicon Valley, legally have to wait for their turn to take water, after other cities and farming districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although that’s our legal system, it doesn’t necessarily amount to a fair system or an efficient system,” Thompson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This pecking order kicked in this year in a widespread way for only the second time in California’s history. State regulators ordered thousands of junior-rights holders not to use water from streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might make more sense in a drought, Thompson says, for everyone to pitch in and cut back equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS13428_Water-allocation-copy-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-24529\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS13428_Water-allocation-copy-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"RS13428_Water allocation copy-hpf\" width=\"426\" height=\"530\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California — where \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/01/28/107647/twains-whiskeywater-quote-appears.html\">whiskey’s for drinking and water’s for fighting\u003c/a> — it’s not a popular suggestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get a lot of people who rise up in arms,” Thompson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Wenger, president of the California Farm Bureau Federation, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to fight,” he says. “It’s just not going to be with clubs and pitchforks. It’s going to be with attorneys and engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wenger says water rights are the backbone of the state’s multibillion dollar agricultural industry. The value of land is based on water rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is part of your property right,” he says. “When you go buy an acre of ground, it’s going to be reflective of how solid are your water rights, how senior are your water rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all adds up to mean that any idea of changing the system is a political non-starter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I consider that to be thermonuclear in California,” says the state’s Secretary for Natural Resources John Laird. “We’ve had the water rights system for over 100 years. It’s determined. Everybody lives by it. It’s 38 million people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does that leave California, with droughts inevitable and climate change only expected to make things worse? There may be two things the state could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sorting Out the Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s water claims are filed inside an old bank safe, in a back room of the Division of Water Rights in Sacramento. Records custodian Matthew Jay turns the combination lock and cranks open the door. The safe is filled with thousands of pieces of yellowing paper, each with a gold seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The further you go back in time, the more brittle they get,” Jay says. “It’s all the water rights of the entire state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, only to a point, he says. The oldest one, signed in 1915, isn’t technically the oldest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water claims were made early in the state’s history, even before the Gold Rush, but it wasn’t until 100 years ago that California started keeping track by requiring licenses and permits for water rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People would think you have it all massively nailed down,” says Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board, the agency that oversees water rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what’s on paper often doesn’t reflect what’s happening in the real world. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=10999\">study\u003c/a> from UC Davis this year, the state has handed out rights for five times more water than there is in an average year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior water-rights holders, with rights dating before 1914, \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/californias-flawed-water-system-cant-track-usage\">aren’t required to have permits\u003c/a> with the state and only started reporting their water use officially in 2009, after the state legislature passed a bill requiring it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24576\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/waterright.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24576\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/waterright.jpg\" alt=\"waterright\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first water right was licensed in California in 1915, but there are thousands of senior water-rights holders that have earlier claims. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few other Western states have actually gone through and verified all their water rights – a process known as “adjudication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They haven’t changed the rights,” Marcus says, “but they’ve spelled it out more so there’s less uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That process took \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/justice-scalia-speaks-idaho-water-conference\">30 years in Idaho\u003c/a> and is taking 50 years in Montana. Sorting out the rights in California’s Central Valley alone could cost an estimated $100 million, according to Richard Roos-Collins, an attorney with the Water and Power Law Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it would make the water rights system more accurate when cutbacks kick in, it wouldn’t change anything about how the system operates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many years where there’s more than enough water to meet all of the water rights out there,” says Marcus. “Does that mean the water rights system couldn’t be tuned up and operated more efficiently? Of course, we could improve it and we would love the resources to be able to improve it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if California’s drought drags on, some say the state may need to address how water is used, not just who uses it. It turns out, the authority to do that already exists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unreasonable Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we are looking for is Article 10,” says Buzz Thompson of Stanford Law, flipping through the California Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a constitutional provision specifically to avoid the problem of people wasting water when other people needed it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The provision says, “The waste or unreasonable use or unreasonable method of use of water is prohibited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is powerful language, Thompson says. During a drought, regulators could say that certain water uses are unreasonable and can’t be done, like growing crops that use a lot of water or overwatering our yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politically, that would be a bombshell. State officials say they’d continue with water conservation measures, both voluntary and mandatory, first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of picking a particular crop or particular use and saying it’s not reasonable -– that’s something people should only do after a tremendous amount of thought,” says Felicia Marcus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a future of more extreme drought, grappling with water rights may be unavoidable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have a really very severe drought that, say, lasted another five years,” Thompson says, “I would be surprised if State Water Resources Control Board and the Governor did not seriously think about adopting a new way of allocating water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[edge_animation id=”12″]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Here’s the thing: Water rights in California are based on who got there first. It’s as if you had to line up with all your coworkers to get a cup of coffee at work, and maybe the pot’s empty when the new guy gets to the front. Some are asking, in a drought like the one we’ve been having, is that really fair?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, May 11, 2015:\u003c/strong> Once again this year, state officials have ordered thousands of junior water-rights holders to stop pumping water due to the drought. They’ve also warned that senior water-rights holders could be limited sometime later this year, if the limits on junior rights holders aren’t enough. In April, Governor Brown said if the dry conditions continue, the state’s entire water rights system could be up for examination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Dec. 8, 2014):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After three years of historically dry and hot weather, the images of California’s drought have become familiar: empty fields, brown lawns, dry stream beds. But for every one of those scenes, there are other parts of the state where water has been flowing freely and the effects of drought are hard to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all tied to California’s system of water rights — the complex hierarchy that governs who gets water during a drought and who doesn’t. After unprecedented cutbacks this year that left many farmers scrambling for water, some critics say the hierarchy is a historical relic that makes it harder for the state to deal with drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system is largely invisible, buried in legal contracts, court decisions and stacks of century-old papers. To get a sense of what it all means, there is a place you can go to actually see water rights in action: east of Interstate 5, near Los Banos, in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Haves and the Have Nots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is probably the most catastrophic water year we’ve ever had,” says Lon Martin, assistant manager at the San Luis Water District. He gave me a tour of the district at the height of the summer growing season this year, but there wasn’t much to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Very brown, desolate agriculture,” he says, eyeing the unplanted fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It doesn’t necessarily amount to a fair system or an efficient system.’\u003ccite>— Buzz Thompson,\u003cbr>\nStanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Farmers in the area rely on water from the federal Central Valley Project, but with the extreme drought, they didn’t get a single drop of their usual supply. Some laid off workers and ripped out almond orchards while others tried to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/some-california-farmers-fallow-fields-others-sell-water-for-big-profits/\">buy more expensive water\u003c/a> on the open market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as we sped down the road, the fields suddenly were green. There were rows of tomatoes and alfalfa, almost as if we’d crossed an invisible line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out, we had – into a different water district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an obvious dividing line,” Martin says. “They have much more senior rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers in the Central California Irrigation District were getting the majority of the water they normally do. The difference is water rights — the pecking order of who gets water first in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Senior vs. Junior\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has one of the most complicated water rights systems in the United States, if not the world,” says Buzz Thompson, professor of law at Stanford University. Thompson is one of the few people in California who can actually explain the intricacies of this pecking order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first in line for water in California are people who own land next to a river or stream. They have “riparian” water rights, as they’re known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of Californians don’t live on a waterway. So for most everyone, including cities and the majority of agricultural areas, it all depends on when they claimed water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whoever gets to a river first gets the senior right to take water out of that river or stream,” Thompson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24581\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/almond.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/almond.jpg\" alt=\"almond\" width=\"640\" height=\"373\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This ripped-up almond orchard is in the San Luis Water District, which is supplied by junior water rights. (Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early in California’s history, water claims could be made by nailing a piece of paper to a tree, as the \u003ca href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=SQ0OAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=san+francisco+mayor+water+rights+notice+phelan+oak+tree&source=bl&ots=Cc6Fo6irel&sig=UU1JMay60Vogrzu7M2LyoE8F3ng&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NM98VMT_CMzooATJkoC4DQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=san%20francisco%20mayor%20water%20rights%20notice%20phelan%20oak%20tree&f=false\">mayor of San Francisco famously did\u003c/a> to claim Tuolumne River water in 1901.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who got in early have senior rights. Everyone who made claims later has secondary or “junior” rights – and they only get water once the senior rights holders get the water they’ve claimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s as if, to get a cup of coffee at work, you had to line up with all your coworkers in order of how long you’ve all worked there. Sometimes, the coffee pot runs dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a period of drought, it means some people, the junior people, don’t get any water at all,” Thompson says. “And the more senior appropriators may get all of the water they’re entitled to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While San Francisco has very old water claims, latecomers like the Santa Clara Valley Water District, which serves Silicon Valley, legally have to wait for their turn to take water, after other cities and farming districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although that’s our legal system, it doesn’t necessarily amount to a fair system or an efficient system,” Thompson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This pecking order kicked in this year in a widespread way for only the second time in California’s history. State regulators ordered thousands of junior-rights holders not to use water from streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might make more sense in a drought, Thompson says, for everyone to pitch in and cut back equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS13428_Water-allocation-copy-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-24529\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS13428_Water-allocation-copy-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"RS13428_Water allocation copy-hpf\" width=\"426\" height=\"530\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California — where \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/01/28/107647/twains-whiskeywater-quote-appears.html\">whiskey’s for drinking and water’s for fighting\u003c/a> — it’s not a popular suggestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get a lot of people who rise up in arms,” Thompson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Wenger, president of the California Farm Bureau Federation, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to fight,” he says. “It’s just not going to be with clubs and pitchforks. It’s going to be with attorneys and engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wenger says water rights are the backbone of the state’s multibillion dollar agricultural industry. The value of land is based on water rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is part of your property right,” he says. “When you go buy an acre of ground, it’s going to be reflective of how solid are your water rights, how senior are your water rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all adds up to mean that any idea of changing the system is a political non-starter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I consider that to be thermonuclear in California,” says the state’s Secretary for Natural Resources John Laird. “We’ve had the water rights system for over 100 years. It’s determined. Everybody lives by it. It’s 38 million people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does that leave California, with droughts inevitable and climate change only expected to make things worse? There may be two things the state could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sorting Out the Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s water claims are filed inside an old bank safe, in a back room of the Division of Water Rights in Sacramento. Records custodian Matthew Jay turns the combination lock and cranks open the door. The safe is filled with thousands of pieces of yellowing paper, each with a gold seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The further you go back in time, the more brittle they get,” Jay says. “It’s all the water rights of the entire state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, only to a point, he says. The oldest one, signed in 1915, isn’t technically the oldest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water claims were made early in the state’s history, even before the Gold Rush, but it wasn’t until 100 years ago that California started keeping track by requiring licenses and permits for water rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People would think you have it all massively nailed down,” says Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board, the agency that oversees water rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what’s on paper often doesn’t reflect what’s happening in the real world. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=10999\">study\u003c/a> from UC Davis this year, the state has handed out rights for five times more water than there is in an average year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior water-rights holders, with rights dating before 1914, \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/californias-flawed-water-system-cant-track-usage\">aren’t required to have permits\u003c/a> with the state and only started reporting their water use officially in 2009, after the state legislature passed a bill requiring it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24576\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/waterright.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24576\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/waterright.jpg\" alt=\"waterright\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first water right was licensed in California in 1915, but there are thousands of senior water-rights holders that have earlier claims. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few other Western states have actually gone through and verified all their water rights – a process known as “adjudication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They haven’t changed the rights,” Marcus says, “but they’ve spelled it out more so there’s less uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That process took \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/justice-scalia-speaks-idaho-water-conference\">30 years in Idaho\u003c/a> and is taking 50 years in Montana. Sorting out the rights in California’s Central Valley alone could cost an estimated $100 million, according to Richard Roos-Collins, an attorney with the Water and Power Law Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it would make the water rights system more accurate when cutbacks kick in, it wouldn’t change anything about how the system operates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many years where there’s more than enough water to meet all of the water rights out there,” says Marcus. “Does that mean the water rights system couldn’t be tuned up and operated more efficiently? Of course, we could improve it and we would love the resources to be able to improve it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if California’s drought drags on, some say the state may need to address how water is used, not just who uses it. It turns out, the authority to do that already exists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unreasonable Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we are looking for is Article 10,” says Buzz Thompson of Stanford Law, flipping through the California Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a constitutional provision specifically to avoid the problem of people wasting water when other people needed it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The provision says, “The waste or unreasonable use or unreasonable method of use of water is prohibited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is powerful language, Thompson says. During a drought, regulators could say that certain water uses are unreasonable and can’t be done, like growing crops that use a lot of water or overwatering our yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politically, that would be a bombshell. State officials say they’d continue with water conservation measures, both voluntary and mandatory, first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of picking a particular crop or particular use and saying it’s not reasonable -– that’s something people should only do after a tremendous amount of thought,” says Felicia Marcus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a future of more extreme drought, grappling with water rights may be unavoidable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have a really very severe drought that, say, lasted another five years,” Thompson says, “I would be surprised if State Water Resources Control Board and the Governor did not seriously think about adopting a new way of allocating water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How California's Mandatory New Drought Cuts Will Impact Your Water Use [Interactive Map]",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/057e5e0c-f51d-11e4-bd6a-0e43f3deba5a/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6 style=\"text-align: center\">Source: \u003ca href=\"//www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Cal Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better get used to shorter showers,'cause now California's keeping watch. Well, not literally (we hope).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide mandatory water cuts went into effect June 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/emergency_mandatory_regulations.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">California's Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a> last month unanimously approved emergency water restrictions, an effort to reduce urban water use by 25 percent through February 2016. A response to the historic four-year drought, the measure imposes the framework for reaching reduction targets ordered last month by Gov. Jerry Brown, the first time California has ever required millions of its residents to sharply reduce water consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/04/03/how-much-water-do-californians-use-and-what-would-a-25-percent-reduction-look-like/\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: How much water does the \"average\" Californian use, and what does a 25% reduction look like?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reduction levels are literally all over the map, based on previous water use. Of the more than 400 urban water districts across the state, cutbacks range anywhere from 8 to 36 percent of 2013 consumption rates. Thirsty inland regions will be hit hardest, while most coastal cities, including much of the Bay Area and Los Angeles, face significantly lower cuts. The new rules apply to urban water use only, not agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Districts are not required to force \u003cem>every\u003c/em> individual customer in their area to reduce water use by the exact same amount, but they must ensure that district-wide water consumption is reduced by the required percentage to avoid having to pay hefty fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">calculations\u003c/a>, the water board also looked at the percentage by which each district has already conserved water since 2013, based on last year's voluntary 20% reduction goal. That amount that can then be subtracted from the total required reduction. However, for cities that actually increased their water use since 2013 (denoted by a negative percentage), the total reduction requirement for the next nine months is that much higher. The board provides its own detailed explanation \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"interactive-leadin summary\">Mouseover these maps to see what the required cuts will look like for the millions of residents and businesses served by about 400 of California's largest water providers. Note that water districts are plotted by their central location as opposed to the entire geographic area they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/0f888a40-f5b2-11e4-890b-0e0c41326911/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/bf111338-f5cb-11e4-996b-0e9d821ea90d/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Search reduction rates by Bay Area water district (created by \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/06/01/full-list-how-much-h20-your-bay-area-water-agency-is-expected-to-save/\" target=\"_blank\">CBS SF Bay Area\u003c/a>)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//bay-area-water-reductions.silk.co/s/embed/groupby/collection/supplier-name/group/by/water-reduction/size/10\" width=\"650\" height=\"300\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//bay-area-water-reductions.silk.co/s/embed/vbar/collection/supplier-name/numeric/percent-saved-jun-14-feb-15/order/desc/water-reduction/pin/filter/equals/water-reduction/20%25\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/057e5e0c-f51d-11e4-bd6a-0e43f3deba5a/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6 style=\"text-align: center\">Source: \u003ca href=\"//www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Cal Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better get used to shorter showers,'cause now California's keeping watch. Well, not literally (we hope).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide mandatory water cuts went into effect June 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/emergency_mandatory_regulations.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">California's Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a> last month unanimously approved emergency water restrictions, an effort to reduce urban water use by 25 percent through February 2016. A response to the historic four-year drought, the measure imposes the framework for reaching reduction targets ordered last month by Gov. Jerry Brown, the first time California has ever required millions of its residents to sharply reduce water consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/04/03/how-much-water-do-californians-use-and-what-would-a-25-percent-reduction-look-like/\" target=\"_blank\">RELATED: How much water does the \"average\" Californian use, and what does a 25% reduction look like?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reduction levels are literally all over the map, based on previous water use. Of the more than 400 urban water districts across the state, cutbacks range anywhere from 8 to 36 percent of 2013 consumption rates. Thirsty inland regions will be hit hardest, while most coastal cities, including much of the Bay Area and Los Angeles, face significantly lower cuts. The new rules apply to urban water use only, not agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Districts are not required to force \u003cem>every\u003c/em> individual customer in their area to reduce water use by the exact same amount, but they must ensure that district-wide water consumption is reduced by the required percentage to avoid having to pay hefty fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">calculations\u003c/a>, the water board also looked at the percentage by which each district has already conserved water since 2013, based on last year's voluntary 20% reduction goal. That amount that can then be subtracted from the total required reduction. However, for cities that actually increased their water use since 2013 (denoted by a negative percentage), the total reduction requirement for the next nine months is that much higher. The board provides its own detailed explanation \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/supplier_tiers_20150428.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"interactive-leadin summary\">Mouseover these maps to see what the required cuts will look like for the millions of residents and businesses served by about 400 of California's largest water providers. Note that water districts are plotted by their central location as opposed to the entire geographic area they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/0f888a40-f5b2-11e4-890b-0e0c41326911/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/bf111338-f5cb-11e4-996b-0e9d821ea90d/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Search reduction rates by Bay Area water district (created by \u003ca href=\"http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/06/01/full-list-how-much-h20-your-bay-area-water-agency-is-expected-to-save/\" target=\"_blank\">CBS SF Bay Area\u003c/a>)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//bay-area-water-reductions.silk.co/s/embed/groupby/collection/supplier-name/group/by/water-reduction/size/10\" width=\"650\" height=\"300\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//bay-area-water-reductions.silk.co/s/embed/vbar/collection/supplier-name/numeric/percent-saved-jun-14-feb-15/order/desc/water-reduction/pin/filter/equals/water-reduction/20%25\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Fish Help Build Coral-Reef Islands",
"headTitle": "Fish Help Build Coral-Reef Islands | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Daisy-parrotfish-wikimedia.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Daisy-parrotfish-wikimedia.jpg\" alt=\"Daisy Parrotfish in the Maldives\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29853\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Species like the daisy parrotfish, \u003ci>Chlorurus sordidus\u003c/i>, are a crucial link in the natural chain that builds dry land in the Maldives archipelago. The job they do is to grind big corals into sand with their toothy beaks. (Julien Bidet/Wikimedia) \u003ccite>(Julien Bidet/Wikimedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Coral-reef islands, those sandy staples of tropical travel brochures, are also a geological puzzle of long standing. How can they remain above the sea in the face of tropical storms or rising sea level? A new study in the Indian Ocean singles out coral-crunching fish as a key player.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maldives are a group of more than a thousand cays, or low-lying sandy islands, within a large coral reef in the tropical Indian Ocean. These islands stabilize as storm waves throw sand up onto the beach, where the wind can move it around and pile it up into dunes. From there it’s just a matter of vegetation setting root to hold the sand in place as dry land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question that follows, then, is how does a reef make sand? The answer varies. The geologist knows that ordinary beach sand is made as erosion breaks rocks into tiny bits. But reef sand or \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandatlas.org/coral-sand/\">coral sand\u003c/a>, instead, is almost entirely made of bits of seashells and other carbonate-mineral stuff. This is material that living things have chemically extracted from the dissolved minerals in seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reefs, then, owe their sand to various living organisms. In some reefs, one-celled organisms (benthic foraminifera) secrete tiny mineral shells around themselves that become ready-made sand. Other reefs have their sand supplied by algae of various kinds, either green \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-04/nftt/index.php\">calcareous algae of the \u003ci>Halimeda\u003c/i> group\u003c/a> or red \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/arctic-algae-offer-new-insights-on-prehistoric-climate-data/\">coralline algae\u003c/a>. The reefs of the Maldives are forests of big, stony corals, but these don’t make much sand, even when large waves break them up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://geography.exeter.ac.uk/staff/index.php?web_id=Chris_Perry\">Chris Perry\u003c/a>, of the University of Exeter, is a leading researcher in this field. For his new study, \u003ca href=\"http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/early/2015/04/27/G36623.1.abstract\">just published in the journal \u003ci>Geology\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he and a team of researchers visited a little reef island in the Maldives named Vakkaru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/vakkaru.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/vakkaru.jpg\" alt=\"Vakkaru island, Maldives\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29854\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vakkaru is about 1500 feet long. Find it at 5.492°N, 72.938°E, where Google Earth calls it Filaidhoo Island. (Google Earth)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perry’s research team mapped the ecosystem and the sediments around Vakkaru, taking care to sample each zone of the reef, from the outer flat to the pristine white beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that almost all of the sand around Vakkaru is created by parrotfish. These are a group of fish species with teeth on their lips; they make their living by chomping on corals, swallowing everything, digesting everything digestable and excreting the grit. The mixture of sizes of sand grains at Vakkaru is a close match for parrotfish poop, along with a dash of \u003ci>Halimeda\u003c/i> gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on that finding, Perry drew up a neat and simple “geoecological” model for how Vakkaru and its fellow islands in the Maldives are maintained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/vakkaru-model.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/vakkaru-model.png\" alt=\"Geoecological model of Vakkaru\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29856\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Perry/Geological Society of America)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perry’s model identifies five zones where fish and tidal activity contribute to the reef sand of Vakkaru. In the outermost zone, coral trees grow and are nibbled into sand by parrotfish. Waves then carry the sand toward the shore, where, eventually, the fine- and medium-grained bits get tossed up onto the beach. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the world’s lowest-elevation country, the Maldives faces the greatest threat from rising sea level. Clearly, as Perry concluded, parrotfish are a “key biogeoengineering species.” They do a lot more than look pretty for snorkelers. The continued good health of coral-crunching parrotfish will need to be safeguarded by the other key biogeoengineering species in the Maldives—human beings.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Daisy-parrotfish-wikimedia.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Daisy-parrotfish-wikimedia.jpg\" alt=\"Daisy Parrotfish in the Maldives\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29853\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Species like the daisy parrotfish, \u003ci>Chlorurus sordidus\u003c/i>, are a crucial link in the natural chain that builds dry land in the Maldives archipelago. The job they do is to grind big corals into sand with their toothy beaks. (Julien Bidet/Wikimedia) \u003ccite>(Julien Bidet/Wikimedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Coral-reef islands, those sandy staples of tropical travel brochures, are also a geological puzzle of long standing. How can they remain above the sea in the face of tropical storms or rising sea level? A new study in the Indian Ocean singles out coral-crunching fish as a key player.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maldives are a group of more than a thousand cays, or low-lying sandy islands, within a large coral reef in the tropical Indian Ocean. These islands stabilize as storm waves throw sand up onto the beach, where the wind can move it around and pile it up into dunes. From there it’s just a matter of vegetation setting root to hold the sand in place as dry land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question that follows, then, is how does a reef make sand? The answer varies. The geologist knows that ordinary beach sand is made as erosion breaks rocks into tiny bits. But reef sand or \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandatlas.org/coral-sand/\">coral sand\u003c/a>, instead, is almost entirely made of bits of seashells and other carbonate-mineral stuff. This is material that living things have chemically extracted from the dissolved minerals in seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reefs, then, owe their sand to various living organisms. In some reefs, one-celled organisms (benthic foraminifera) secrete tiny mineral shells around themselves that become ready-made sand. Other reefs have their sand supplied by algae of various kinds, either green \u003ca href=\"http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-04/nftt/index.php\">calcareous algae of the \u003ci>Halimeda\u003c/i> group\u003c/a> or red \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/arctic-algae-offer-new-insights-on-prehistoric-climate-data/\">coralline algae\u003c/a>. The reefs of the Maldives are forests of big, stony corals, but these don’t make much sand, even when large waves break them up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://geography.exeter.ac.uk/staff/index.php?web_id=Chris_Perry\">Chris Perry\u003c/a>, of the University of Exeter, is a leading researcher in this field. For his new study, \u003ca href=\"http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/early/2015/04/27/G36623.1.abstract\">just published in the journal \u003ci>Geology\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he and a team of researchers visited a little reef island in the Maldives named Vakkaru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/vakkaru.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/vakkaru.jpg\" alt=\"Vakkaru island, Maldives\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29854\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vakkaru is about 1500 feet long. Find it at 5.492°N, 72.938°E, where Google Earth calls it Filaidhoo Island. (Google Earth)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perry’s research team mapped the ecosystem and the sediments around Vakkaru, taking care to sample each zone of the reef, from the outer flat to the pristine white beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that almost all of the sand around Vakkaru is created by parrotfish. These are a group of fish species with teeth on their lips; they make their living by chomping on corals, swallowing everything, digesting everything digestable and excreting the grit. The mixture of sizes of sand grains at Vakkaru is a close match for parrotfish poop, along with a dash of \u003ci>Halimeda\u003c/i> gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on that finding, Perry drew up a neat and simple “geoecological” model for how Vakkaru and its fellow islands in the Maldives are maintained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/vakkaru-model.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/vakkaru-model.png\" alt=\"Geoecological model of Vakkaru\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29856\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Perry/Geological Society of America)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perry’s model identifies five zones where fish and tidal activity contribute to the reef sand of Vakkaru. In the outermost zone, coral trees grow and are nibbled into sand by parrotfish. Waves then carry the sand toward the shore, where, eventually, the fine- and medium-grained bits get tossed up onto the beach. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the world’s lowest-elevation country, the Maldives faces the greatest threat from rising sea level. Clearly, as Perry concluded, parrotfish are a “key biogeoengineering species.” They do a lot more than look pretty for snorkelers. The continued good health of coral-crunching parrotfish will need to be safeguarded by the other key biogeoengineering species in the Maldives—human beings.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Governor Brown's New Climate Offensive in Five Jerryesque Quotes",
"headTitle": "Governor Brown’s New Climate Offensive in Five Jerryesque Quotes | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29879\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Brown_MilkenInst.edit_-1024x723.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29879\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Brown_MilkenInst.edit_-1024x723.jpg\" alt=\"Governor Brown discussing his new greenhouse gas targets in Los Angeles. (Credit: Milken Inst.)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"723\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Governor Brown discussing his new greenhouse gas targets in Los Angeles. (Credit: Milken Inst.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown is pursuing a new set of targets for reducing the amount of greenhouse gas released in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the Associated Press \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/29/brown-orders-ambitious-new-cuts-in-greenhouse-gases\">write-up\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-jerry-brown-orders-emission-targets-for-climate-change-20150429-story.html\">this\u003c/a> from the Los Angeles Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a nutshell:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown’s plan is an extension of the state’s original “\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/?s=AB32\">AB 32\u003c/a>” goals – passed into law when Arnold Schwarzenegger was governor – that called for the state to return to its 1990 levels of carbon pollution by 2020. A follow-up Schwarzenegger plan tightened the screws even further, calling for an eighty-percent reduction by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“When Hitler was marching on Germany, we didn’t have any airplane factories…we transformed the whole economy.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://documents.latimes.com/gov-jerry-browns-executive-order-greenhouse-gas-emissions/\">Yesterday’s executive order\u003c/a> sets a concrete “intermediate target” between those two goals. By 2030, Brown wants California – “the state of imagination” as he put it — to be putting out 40 percent less greenhouse gas than we did in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.milkeninstitute.org/events/conferences/global-conference/global-conference-2015/panel-detail/5462\">Speaking \u003c/a>at the Milken Institute in Los Angeles, Brown compared the fight against climate change to World War II, railed against climate change deniers in Washington, and suggested Californians might need to open their minds to the idea of drinking recycled toilet water, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expressing contempt for lawmakers in Washington who still debate whether climate change is real or driven by human activity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“In California, there is something called global warming. We’re four degrees warmer than we were historically. Our forest fire season is months longer. It’s almost year-round. This is real stuff.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The new plan is ambitious, sure, he said. But we’ve done it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“When Hitler was marching on Germany [sic], we didn’t have any airplane factories going and tank factories. But with Roosevelt leading, we transformed the whole economy. Dealing with the threat of climate change is going to require an analogous mobilization.” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Meeting the new goals and responding to California’s epic drought will require cleaner cars, greater energy efficiency, and coming to terms with new \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/toilet-to-tap/\">sources of drinking water\u003c/a> that may make some Californians squeamish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“They don’t like to think of toilet to tap. You know, like drinking your toilet water. But you can make it as clean as the water on that table! You have to confidence in this filtration system!”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Comparing the slow crisis of climate change to headline news like the recent events in Baltimore:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003cem>You’ve got the problems in the Middle East, Iranian nuclear deal and all that…we’ve got violence in Baltimore. Those are hot and they’re immediate. But we’ve got a slow, rolling crisis that if we don’t deal with it, before we know it we will have passed a tipping point, an irreversible tendency that will be melting the Antarctic ice cap in Greenland, raising sea level, causing temperature rises. I don’t want to go through all the parade of horribles. But it’s serious, it’s catastrophic and it’s longer term.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And finally, whether he, a self-described “old fogey,” can appreciate the kind of radical innovation it will take for Californians to find solutions for its drought woes and other environmental crises:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“I’m very optimistic on California because we’re not bound by the obvious. We’re not hampered by so many old-fogey ideas. And even though I’m kind of an old fogey, I’m still a radical thinker when it comes to California and what we can do.” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has not specified how to achieve his new emissions target. His 2030 target adds to an \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/01/05/governor-unveils-ambitious-new-climate-goals/\">ambitious list of climate goals\u003c/a> that he outlined in his State of the State address in January.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In promoting his new greenhouse gas reduction targets, the governor invokes World War II, climate-change deniers in Washington, and the recycled toilet water in our future.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29879\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Brown_MilkenInst.edit_-1024x723.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29879\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Brown_MilkenInst.edit_-1024x723.jpg\" alt=\"Governor Brown discussing his new greenhouse gas targets in Los Angeles. (Credit: Milken Inst.)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"723\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Governor Brown discussing his new greenhouse gas targets in Los Angeles. (Credit: Milken Inst.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown is pursuing a new set of targets for reducing the amount of greenhouse gas released in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the Associated Press \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/29/brown-orders-ambitious-new-cuts-in-greenhouse-gases\">write-up\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-jerry-brown-orders-emission-targets-for-climate-change-20150429-story.html\">this\u003c/a> from the Los Angeles Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a nutshell:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown’s plan is an extension of the state’s original “\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/?s=AB32\">AB 32\u003c/a>” goals – passed into law when Arnold Schwarzenegger was governor – that called for the state to return to its 1990 levels of carbon pollution by 2020. A follow-up Schwarzenegger plan tightened the screws even further, calling for an eighty-percent reduction by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“When Hitler was marching on Germany, we didn’t have any airplane factories…we transformed the whole economy.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://documents.latimes.com/gov-jerry-browns-executive-order-greenhouse-gas-emissions/\">Yesterday’s executive order\u003c/a> sets a concrete “intermediate target” between those two goals. By 2030, Brown wants California – “the state of imagination” as he put it — to be putting out 40 percent less greenhouse gas than we did in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.milkeninstitute.org/events/conferences/global-conference/global-conference-2015/panel-detail/5462\">Speaking \u003c/a>at the Milken Institute in Los Angeles, Brown compared the fight against climate change to World War II, railed against climate change deniers in Washington, and suggested Californians might need to open their minds to the idea of drinking recycled toilet water, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expressing contempt for lawmakers in Washington who still debate whether climate change is real or driven by human activity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“In California, there is something called global warming. We’re four degrees warmer than we were historically. Our forest fire season is months longer. It’s almost year-round. This is real stuff.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The new plan is ambitious, sure, he said. But we’ve done it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“When Hitler was marching on Germany [sic], we didn’t have any airplane factories going and tank factories. But with Roosevelt leading, we transformed the whole economy. Dealing with the threat of climate change is going to require an analogous mobilization.” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Meeting the new goals and responding to California’s epic drought will require cleaner cars, greater energy efficiency, and coming to terms with new \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/toilet-to-tap/\">sources of drinking water\u003c/a> that may make some Californians squeamish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“They don’t like to think of toilet to tap. You know, like drinking your toilet water. But you can make it as clean as the water on that table! You have to confidence in this filtration system!”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Comparing the slow crisis of climate change to headline news like the recent events in Baltimore:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003cem>You’ve got the problems in the Middle East, Iranian nuclear deal and all that…we’ve got violence in Baltimore. Those are hot and they’re immediate. But we’ve got a slow, rolling crisis that if we don’t deal with it, before we know it we will have passed a tipping point, an irreversible tendency that will be melting the Antarctic ice cap in Greenland, raising sea level, causing temperature rises. I don’t want to go through all the parade of horribles. But it’s serious, it’s catastrophic and it’s longer term.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And finally, whether he, a self-described “old fogey,” can appreciate the kind of radical innovation it will take for Californians to find solutions for its drought woes and other environmental crises:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>“I’m very optimistic on California because we’re not bound by the obvious. We’re not hampered by so many old-fogey ideas. And even though I’m kind of an old fogey, I’m still a radical thinker when it comes to California and what we can do.” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has not specified how to achieve his new emissions target. His 2030 target adds to an \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/01/05/governor-unveils-ambitious-new-climate-goals/\">ambitious list of climate goals\u003c/a> that he outlined in his State of the State address in January.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29821\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RyanBerger-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29821\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RyanBerger-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Whale Entanglement Team members try to untangle a humpback whale. (Ryan Berger/Whale Entanglement Team, MMHSRP Permit 932 -1489)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Whale Entanglement Team members try to untangle a humpback whale. (Ryan Berger/Whale Entanglement Team, MMHSRP Permit 932 -1489) \u003ccite>(Ryan Berger/Whale Entanglement Team)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More whales got tangled up in crabbing gear along the California coast in 2014 than in any previous year. Environmental advocates gathered data from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> showing whale entanglements have been trending up for more than a decade; \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/\">Earthjustice\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/\">Oceana\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a> are appealing to state wildlife officials to make changes in crab fishing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fisheries/pdfs/Take_reduction_request_to_CA_4-28-15.pdf\">A letter\u003c/a> sent Tuesday to the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> and the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/\">Fish and Game Commission\u003c/a> includes charts showing in California 21 whales got entangled last year in the lines fishermen use to haul up crab traps, and five died. Most whales that get entangled are \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/04/24/are-humpback-whales-in-the-clear-not-so-fast-thanks-to-climate-change-and-other-factors/\">humpbacks\u003c/a> and gray whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthjustice attorney Andrea Treece says whales often struggle to free themselves or can sometimes die in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whales that get entangled can have to haul around hundreds of pounds of gear,” Treece says, “and sometimes can suffer injuries like having the line cut into their fins. Sometimes if it’s in place long enough the fins can actually sort of rot off and self-amputate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29823\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/chart.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29823\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/chart.jpg\" alt=\"The letter from the Center for Biological Diversity, Oceana and Earthjustice includes charts based on federal data, showing an upward trend of whale entanglement since 2000. (Earthjustice/Oceana/Center for Biological Diversity)\" width=\"640\" height=\"274\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The letter from the Center for Biological Diversity, Oceana and Earthjustice includes charts based on federal data, showing an upward trend of whale entanglement since 2000. (Earthjustice/Oceana/Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One place where the entanglements have been particularly noticeable is in Monterey Bay. Peggy Stap, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinelifestudies.org/\">Marine Life Studies\u003c/a>, says she often boats out in response to reports of entangled whales, and works to free them. She points to research that found scars from entanglement are commonplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes they can and will throw the gear,” Stap says, “but what makes you wonder is how many are not surviving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter calls for tweaks to fishing gear, like adding weak links in the lines so whales can break free. It also urges putting more than one trap on the same line so there are fewer lines to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Collins, head of the San Francisco Crab Boat Owners Association, says he’s only just heard about the issue. Collins is also on the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/2009/04/dungeness-crab-task-force/\">Dungeness Crab Task Force\u003c/a>. He says he’s game to sit down and discuss solutions, but adds, “for anybody suggesting any fixes before we’ve had our first meeting – it’s a little premature.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A rising number of whales are getting entangled off the coast of California in the lines fishermen use to pull up crab pots. Environmental groups are calling on state officials to protect the cetaceans.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29821\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RyanBerger-1024x683.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29821\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/RyanBerger-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Whale Entanglement Team members try to untangle a humpback whale. (Ryan Berger/Whale Entanglement Team, MMHSRP Permit 932 -1489)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Whale Entanglement Team members try to untangle a humpback whale. (Ryan Berger/Whale Entanglement Team, MMHSRP Permit 932 -1489) \u003ccite>(Ryan Berger/Whale Entanglement Team)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More whales got tangled up in crabbing gear along the California coast in 2014 than in any previous year. Environmental advocates gathered data from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> showing whale entanglements have been trending up for more than a decade; \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/\">Earthjustice\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/\">Oceana\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a> are appealing to state wildlife officials to make changes in crab fishing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fisheries/pdfs/Take_reduction_request_to_CA_4-28-15.pdf\">A letter\u003c/a> sent Tuesday to the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> and the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/\">Fish and Game Commission\u003c/a> includes charts showing in California 21 whales got entangled last year in the lines fishermen use to haul up crab traps, and five died. Most whales that get entangled are \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/04/24/are-humpback-whales-in-the-clear-not-so-fast-thanks-to-climate-change-and-other-factors/\">humpbacks\u003c/a> and gray whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthjustice attorney Andrea Treece says whales often struggle to free themselves or can sometimes die in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whales that get entangled can have to haul around hundreds of pounds of gear,” Treece says, “and sometimes can suffer injuries like having the line cut into their fins. Sometimes if it’s in place long enough the fins can actually sort of rot off and self-amputate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29823\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/chart.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29823\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/chart.jpg\" alt=\"The letter from the Center for Biological Diversity, Oceana and Earthjustice includes charts based on federal data, showing an upward trend of whale entanglement since 2000. (Earthjustice/Oceana/Center for Biological Diversity)\" width=\"640\" height=\"274\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The letter from the Center for Biological Diversity, Oceana and Earthjustice includes charts based on federal data, showing an upward trend of whale entanglement since 2000. (Earthjustice/Oceana/Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One place where the entanglements have been particularly noticeable is in Monterey Bay. Peggy Stap, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinelifestudies.org/\">Marine Life Studies\u003c/a>, says she often boats out in response to reports of entangled whales, and works to free them. She points to research that found scars from entanglement are commonplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes they can and will throw the gear,” Stap says, “but what makes you wonder is how many are not surviving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter calls for tweaks to fishing gear, like adding weak links in the lines so whales can break free. It also urges putting more than one trap on the same line so there are fewer lines to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Collins, head of the San Francisco Crab Boat Owners Association, says he’s only just heard about the issue. Collins is also on the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/2009/04/dungeness-crab-task-force/\">Dungeness Crab Task Force\u003c/a>. He says he’s game to sit down and discuss solutions, but adds, “for anybody suggesting any fixes before we’ve had our first meeting – it’s a little premature.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The End of Snow? Winter Pics of Yosemite's Half Dome Since Drought Hit [GIF]",
"title": "The End of Snow? Winter Pics of Yosemite's Half Dome Since Drought Hit [GIF]",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/yose_fina_2.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17323\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/yose_fina_2.gif\" alt=\"yose_fina_2\" width=\"962\" height=\"532\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, California drought imagery may be reaching its saturation point in the media, but the images are just too darn striking to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17265\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd-400x309.jpg\" alt=\"20150421_CA_trd\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd-960x742.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd.jpg 1056w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>In average precipitation years, the snowpack in California's Sierra Nevada range is usually deepest in March, at the tail-end of winter storms. High elevation peaks like Yosemite's legendary Half Dome (8,839 feet), are typically covered in a thick blanket of snow. But well into the state's fourth year of drought, this year's snowpack is at a record low, a mere 6 percent of its historical average, with no sign of relief anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These images of Half Dome, recorded by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemiteconservancy.org/webcams/high-sierra#.VQs4qPnF_PY\" target=\"_blank\">Yosemite Conservancy webcam\u003c/a> every March 19, capture the steady progression of drought. The first photo, from 2011, is taken during winter before the dry conditions kicked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"slug": "the-end-of-snow-striking-winter-pics-of-yosemites-half-dome-since-the-drought-hit-gif",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/yose_fina_2.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17323\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/yose_fina_2.gif\" alt=\"yose_fina_2\" width=\"962\" height=\"532\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, California drought imagery may be reaching its saturation point in the media, but the images are just too darn striking to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17265\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd-400x309.jpg\" alt=\"20150421_CA_trd\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd-960x742.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/20150421_CA_trd.jpg 1056w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>In average precipitation years, the snowpack in California's Sierra Nevada range is usually deepest in March, at the tail-end of winter storms. High elevation peaks like Yosemite's legendary Half Dome (8,839 feet), are typically covered in a thick blanket of snow. But well into the state's fourth year of drought, this year's snowpack is at a record low, a mere 6 percent of its historical average, with no sign of relief anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These images of Half Dome, recorded by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemiteconservancy.org/webcams/high-sierra#.VQs4qPnF_PY\" target=\"_blank\">Yosemite Conservancy webcam\u003c/a> every March 19, capture the steady progression of drought. The first photo, from 2011, is taken during winter before the dry conditions kicked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Amid California’s Drought, Should Cemeteries Stay Green?",
"headTitle": "Amid California’s Drought, Should Cemeteries Stay Green? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150427ScienceCemeteries.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29621\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1457px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/CypressLawn.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/CypressLawn.jpg\" alt=\"A worker sprays down part of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma. Officials hope to cut back water-use there, but not so much the grass goes brown. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1457\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker sprays down part of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma. Officials hope to cut back water-use there, but not so much the grass goes brown. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Across California, the people who take care of cemeteries are stuck. The state’s new drought mandate is forcing them to cut back on sprinkling, and many expect their grass to go brown this summer. It’s a wrenching call: the concern is that visiting family members who see parched grass on their loved ones’ graves may feel insult on top of loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/emergency_mandatory_regulations.shtml\">new restrictions\u003c/a> haven’t come in yet, we’re just anticipating them,” says Tyler Cassity, head caretaker at Fernwood in Marin County. He currently waters the grounds for about ten minutes, twice a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re probably going to tick that schedule down by 25 percent,” Cassity says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s already warning people that by summer, the green grass could be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People bought land and were buried with an expectation that their graves would be maintained in a style much like their yards are,” Cassity says. “If it’s not maintained, some people see that as an insult or an umbrage to the dead — not taking care of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29620\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 284px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/TylerCassity.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29620\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/TylerCassity.jpg\" alt=\"Tyler Cassity sees after both Fernwood in Marin County and Hollywood Forever. He says the drought mandate means cemeteries can't postpone water-saving projects. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"284\" height=\"291\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tyler Cassity sees after both Fernwood in Marin County and Hollywood Forever in Los Angeles. He says the drought mandate means cemeteries can’t postpone water-saving projects. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Fernwood includes a traditional cemetery with sprinklers and grass, parts of the cemetery aren’t irrigated at all. Its steep, wooded hills are for people who prefer simple burials; some with a shroud instead of a casket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassity says Fernwood’s hills are a stark contrast to a Los Angeles cemetery called \u003ca href=\"http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/174/birthdays-anniversaries-and-milestones?act=2#play\">Hollywood Forever\u003c/a>, where he’s also head caretaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a green, manicured landscape lawn in the middle of basically an arid desert region,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he’s looking into sea grasses, which could get by on brackish water he hopes can be pumped from a hundred feet below the graveyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, from dialing back sprinkling and adding drought-tolerant flowers to using reclaimed water and new kinds of turf, California’s cemeteries are looking for ways to get by with less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Worthy Shrines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s two thousand graveyards include \u003ca href=\"http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/state.asp?State=CA\">nine national cemeteries\u003c/a> for veterans. They’re among California’s most steadfastly kempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a mandate to maintain our cemeteries as national shrines,” says Brad Phillips, regional director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cem.va.gov/\">National Cemeteries Administration\u003c/a>, which is part of the Veterans Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told me he loses sleep over the prospect of the grass dying. His office gets letters and phone calls about it too, from veterans and their families. “They get very unhappy when the turf starts to go brown,” Phillips says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought began four years ago, and Phillips says national cemeteries in California have already cut back water use, some by more than a third. Two in Southern California — Riverside and Miramar — use recycled water. A relatively new national cemetery in Bakersfield doesn’t bother with grass at all; it was designed to be part of the area’s dry native landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1420px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/GoldenGate.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29622\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/GoldenGate.jpg\" alt=\"Tens of thousands of veterans, along with their spouses and children, are buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. Veterans Administration officials say they get phone calls and letters if a site doesn't look cared for. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1420\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tens of thousands of veterans, along with their spouses and children, are buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. Veterans Administration officials say they get phone calls and letters if a site doesn’t look cared for. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One national cemetery in San Diego has some artificial turf, albeit not atop anyone’s grave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Gaussa, a plant and soil specialist who works with Phillips says he wonders if there shouldn’t be different rules than, say, a suburban yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would drive down a neighborhood first,” Gaussa says, “and question why people are keeping green lawns with no purpose in front of their homes. We have a real purpose and a mission here at the cemeteries to create a place that’s worthy of the people that rest here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For the Living\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to read the state’s move to crimp cemeteries’ water use is as if to say, “Right now we need the water for the living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tested this idea on the head of the California Cemeteries and Mortuaries Association, Darin Drabing. “Cemeteries \u003cem>are\u003c/em> for the living,” he replies, saying that people go to cemeteries to jog, to ride bikes to spend quiet time and to pay tribute to loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many cemeteries are park-like settings in the middle of urban areas. In many areas, cemeteries are the green spaces that the public has,” Drabing says. “So I would take umbrage to someone who thinks cemeteries are for the dead — they’re actually for the living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this kind of space is Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland. The place boasts 150 years of history, the same designer as New York’s Central Park, several fountains, and a panoramic view from the top of a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Saturday afternoon there I saw dog-walkers, picnickers, and a guy who said he was looking for a golf ball. From the spigots along the graveyard’s labyrinthine tangle of roads hang faded red tags, warning, “Reclaimed water. Do not drink.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We have a real purpose and a mission here at the cemeteries to create a place that’s worthy of the people that rest here.’ \u003ccite>— Michael Gaussa,Plant and soil specialist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Visitors Mylene Vandenberg and Brian Anderson say they’re glad the cemetery recycles water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they weren’t recycling though,” says Vandenberg, “I would say they have to do it. I don’t think anybody has a choice anymore, I really don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the seven people I struck up conversations with at Mountain View that afternoon, none seemed shocked at the thought of cemeteries going brown this summer. More than one told me if the drought drags on much longer, it’s not the grass they’ll be worried about, but the trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“We’ll Manage This”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town of Colma was founded a century ago as a necropolis — a place for San Francisco to bury its dead. It has a thousand dead residents for every living one, and all types of graveyards — even a pet cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day I visited Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, a man with a hose was spraying flowers arranged to spell “Cypress Lawn” on the grassy hillside. While the state water board won’t vote on the final restrictions until the beginning of May, Cypress Lawn president Ken Varner told me he doesn’t think Colma will go brown. Cypress Lawn has its own well, although the drought rules might limit sprinkling to two days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big picture, in terms of California’s water use, Varner says he figures graveyards are small potatoes next to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are the guys I feel for. I mean, we’re going to be able to manage this. The cemeteries here in Colma, the cemeteries in the state, we’ll manage this,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be able to make it out of this drought. Because one thing I’m sure is it’s going to rain here in San Francisco. It always does.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "New drought restrictions are prompting cemetery managers to look at the water they use to keep lawns green. Some worry that for family members who visit this summer, parched grass might feel like insult on top of loss.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29621\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1457px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/CypressLawn.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/CypressLawn.jpg\" alt=\"A worker sprays down part of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma. Officials hope to cut back water-use there, but not so much the grass goes brown. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1457\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker sprays down part of Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma. Officials hope to cut back water-use there, but not so much the grass goes brown. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Across California, the people who take care of cemeteries are stuck. The state’s new drought mandate is forcing them to cut back on sprinkling, and many expect their grass to go brown this summer. It’s a wrenching call: the concern is that visiting family members who see parched grass on their loved ones’ graves may feel insult on top of loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/emergency_mandatory_regulations.shtml\">new restrictions\u003c/a> haven’t come in yet, we’re just anticipating them,” says Tyler Cassity, head caretaker at Fernwood in Marin County. He currently waters the grounds for about ten minutes, twice a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re probably going to tick that schedule down by 25 percent,” Cassity says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s already warning people that by summer, the green grass could be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People bought land and were buried with an expectation that their graves would be maintained in a style much like their yards are,” Cassity says. “If it’s not maintained, some people see that as an insult or an umbrage to the dead — not taking care of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29620\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 284px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/TylerCassity.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-29620\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/TylerCassity.jpg\" alt=\"Tyler Cassity sees after both Fernwood in Marin County and Hollywood Forever. He says the drought mandate means cemeteries can't postpone water-saving projects. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"284\" height=\"291\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tyler Cassity sees after both Fernwood in Marin County and Hollywood Forever in Los Angeles. He says the drought mandate means cemeteries can’t postpone water-saving projects. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Fernwood includes a traditional cemetery with sprinklers and grass, parts of the cemetery aren’t irrigated at all. Its steep, wooded hills are for people who prefer simple burials; some with a shroud instead of a casket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassity says Fernwood’s hills are a stark contrast to a Los Angeles cemetery called \u003ca href=\"http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/174/birthdays-anniversaries-and-milestones?act=2#play\">Hollywood Forever\u003c/a>, where he’s also head caretaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a green, manicured landscape lawn in the middle of basically an arid desert region,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he’s looking into sea grasses, which could get by on brackish water he hopes can be pumped from a hundred feet below the graveyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, from dialing back sprinkling and adding drought-tolerant flowers to using reclaimed water and new kinds of turf, California’s cemeteries are looking for ways to get by with less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Worthy Shrines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s two thousand graveyards include \u003ca href=\"http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/state.asp?State=CA\">nine national cemeteries\u003c/a> for veterans. They’re among California’s most steadfastly kempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a mandate to maintain our cemeteries as national shrines,” says Brad Phillips, regional director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cem.va.gov/\">National Cemeteries Administration\u003c/a>, which is part of the Veterans Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told me he loses sleep over the prospect of the grass dying. His office gets letters and phone calls about it too, from veterans and their families. “They get very unhappy when the turf starts to go brown,” Phillips says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought began four years ago, and Phillips says national cemeteries in California have already cut back water use, some by more than a third. Two in Southern California — Riverside and Miramar — use recycled water. A relatively new national cemetery in Bakersfield doesn’t bother with grass at all; it was designed to be part of the area’s dry native landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1420px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/GoldenGate.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29622\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/GoldenGate.jpg\" alt=\"Tens of thousands of veterans, along with their spouses and children, are buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. Veterans Administration officials say they get phone calls and letters if a site doesn't look cared for. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"1420\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tens of thousands of veterans, along with their spouses and children, are buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. Veterans Administration officials say they get phone calls and letters if a site doesn’t look cared for. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One national cemetery in San Diego has some artificial turf, albeit not atop anyone’s grave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Gaussa, a plant and soil specialist who works with Phillips says he wonders if there shouldn’t be different rules than, say, a suburban yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would drive down a neighborhood first,” Gaussa says, “and question why people are keeping green lawns with no purpose in front of their homes. We have a real purpose and a mission here at the cemeteries to create a place that’s worthy of the people that rest here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For the Living\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to read the state’s move to crimp cemeteries’ water use is as if to say, “Right now we need the water for the living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tested this idea on the head of the California Cemeteries and Mortuaries Association, Darin Drabing. “Cemeteries \u003cem>are\u003c/em> for the living,” he replies, saying that people go to cemeteries to jog, to ride bikes to spend quiet time and to pay tribute to loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many cemeteries are park-like settings in the middle of urban areas. In many areas, cemeteries are the green spaces that the public has,” Drabing says. “So I would take umbrage to someone who thinks cemeteries are for the dead — they’re actually for the living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this kind of space is Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland. The place boasts 150 years of history, the same designer as New York’s Central Park, several fountains, and a panoramic view from the top of a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Saturday afternoon there I saw dog-walkers, picnickers, and a guy who said he was looking for a golf ball. From the spigots along the graveyard’s labyrinthine tangle of roads hang faded red tags, warning, “Reclaimed water. Do not drink.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We have a real purpose and a mission here at the cemeteries to create a place that’s worthy of the people that rest here.’ \u003ccite>— Michael Gaussa,Plant and soil specialist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Visitors Mylene Vandenberg and Brian Anderson say they’re glad the cemetery recycles water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they weren’t recycling though,” says Vandenberg, “I would say they have to do it. I don’t think anybody has a choice anymore, I really don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the seven people I struck up conversations with at Mountain View that afternoon, none seemed shocked at the thought of cemeteries going brown this summer. More than one told me if the drought drags on much longer, it’s not the grass they’ll be worried about, but the trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“We’ll Manage This”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town of Colma was founded a century ago as a necropolis — a place for San Francisco to bury its dead. It has a thousand dead residents for every living one, and all types of graveyards — even a pet cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day I visited Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, a man with a hose was spraying flowers arranged to spell “Cypress Lawn” on the grassy hillside. While the state water board won’t vote on the final restrictions until the beginning of May, Cypress Lawn president Ken Varner told me he doesn’t think Colma will go brown. Cypress Lawn has its own well, although the drought rules might limit sprinkling to two days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big picture, in terms of California’s water use, Varner says he figures graveyards are small potatoes next to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are the guys I feel for. I mean, we’re going to be able to manage this. The cemeteries here in Colma, the cemeteries in the state, we’ll manage this,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be able to make it out of this drought. Because one thing I’m sure is it’s going to rain here in San Francisco. It always does.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day",
"headTitle": "When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure>\u003cfigcaption>Donning a gas mask, a demonstrator participates in the first Earth Day celebration in 1970. (AP)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor organization helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Who made the following statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/04/20/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/04/20/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">The Lowdown – Green Space\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "\u003cfigure>\u003cfigcaption>Donning a gas mask, a demonstrator participates in the first Earth Day celebration in 1970. (AP)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\u003chr>\u003cp>Quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor organization helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Who made the following statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/04/20/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">...Read More\u003c/a>",
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"description": "Donning a gas mask, a demonstrator participates in the first Earth Day celebration in 1970. (AP)Quick quiz:\n1. Which labor organization helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\n2. Who made the following statement:\n“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is ...Read More",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure>\u003cfigcaption>Donning a gas mask, a demonstrator participates in the first Earth Day celebration in 1970. (AP)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor organization helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Who made the following statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/04/20/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" class=\"rssmi_more\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/04/20/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"When Rivers Caught Fire: A Brief History of Earth Day\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">The Lowdown – Green Space\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Much Water Do Californians Use and What Does 25 Percent Less Look Like?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 601px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/earth20140225-full_0.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-16864\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/earth20140225-full_0-640x214.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of NASA\" width=\"601\" height=\"201\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Feeling a bit dry lately? It's not just your imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is mired in its fourth year of historic drought, with snowpack in the Sierra Nevada -- which supplies about a third of the state's water -- at 6 percent of the long-term April average.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Snowpack_Final_150331.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16862\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Snowpack_Final_150331-300x151.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>From a grassy mountain meadow usually blanketed with feet of snow, Gov. Jerry Brown on Wednesday observed the dismal snow survey results before announcing California's first ever \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\" target=\"_blank\">mandatory statewide water reductions\u003c/a>. The executive action mandates the state’s 400 local water supply agencies, which serve roughly 90 percent of California residents, to reduce urban (non-agricultural) water consumption by 25 percent of 2013 levels over the coming year. The reductions will likely vary by community, based on significant differences in per capita water consumption from region to region. Keep in mind, though, that residential water use is just a small fraction of the state's total water consumption -- with roughly 80 percent of all water resources used for agriculture, and the remainder split between residential and commercial/industrial uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[The NY Times produced an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/01/us/water-use-in-california.html\" target=\"_blank\">interactive map\u003c/a> of winter and summer water use rates in various cities and water districts throughout California].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that begs some important questions: namely, how much water does the average Californian actually consume and what would a 25 percent reduction look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a hard figure to quantify, and estimates vary widely. For one, while indoor residential water use is relatively steady throughout the state, outdoor use -- primarily for landscape irrigation -- varies dramatically, with homes in arid inland regions consuming significantly more water than those in coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/infographic-99131\" width=\"600\" height=\"950\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are large variations across the state,\" notes Peter Bostrom from the California Department of Water Resources. \"Outdoor use could be 25 percent [of a household's use] in Santa Cruz and 80 percent is Coachella.\" 15 percent of users, he adds, account for 60 percent of overuse in landscape irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11527\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/statewide-water.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11527 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/statewide-water-300x330.png\" alt=\"Source: California Dept. of Water Resources_Water Plan (2009)\" width=\"273\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Dept. of Water Resources; Water Plan (2009)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Additionally, estimates are typically represented as gallons per capita per day (gcpd). Water use in each of the state's 10 hydraulic regions is divided by population (see map at right). These calculations, however, generally factor in each region's total water consumption, which includes residential water use as well as commercial and industrial uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One the best ways to get a handle on your own household's water consumption is by carefully scrutinizing you water bill, which usually includes the number of gallons used that month. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/customers/understanding-your-water-bill#\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a> is among several local agencies that offer good interactive forms for how to read your bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An often-cited 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.irwd.com/images/pdf/save-water/CaSingleFamilyWaterUseEfficiencyStudyJune2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> of single-family water consumption, estimated that the average California household used more than 360 gallons of water per day. To put that in perspective, the typical office water cooler holds 5 gallons, or about 1.4 percent of the study's estimated daily average household use. Given that figure, the average house in California would need to use about 90 fewer gallons a day (or 18 water coolers) to meet the governor's 25 percent reduction mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2011 study, sponsored by CDWR and managed by the Irvine Ranch Water District, logged water consumption in the year 2007 for 735 homes spread across the state's 10 hydraulic regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It found that about 53 percent of total average household water use -- or more than 190 gallons per household per day -- was used for landscaping and other outdoor uses (this is just the state average -- most cities in the Bay Area use significantly less).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Indoor use accounted for more than 170 gallons per household per day. Not surprisingly, the most in-home water consumption was in toilet flushes. A more shocking finding, however, was the whopping 18 percent lost to leaks inside homes. Data from the study is represented in the charts below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/infographic-76744\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 601px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/earth20140225-full_0.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-16864\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/earth20140225-full_0-640x214.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of NASA\" width=\"601\" height=\"201\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Feeling a bit dry lately? It's not just your imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is mired in its fourth year of historic drought, with snowpack in the Sierra Nevada -- which supplies about a third of the state's water -- at 6 percent of the long-term April average.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Snowpack_Final_150331.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16862\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/Snowpack_Final_150331-300x151.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>From a grassy mountain meadow usually blanketed with feet of snow, Gov. Jerry Brown on Wednesday observed the dismal snow survey results before announcing California's first ever \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\" target=\"_blank\">mandatory statewide water reductions\u003c/a>. The executive action mandates the state’s 400 local water supply agencies, which serve roughly 90 percent of California residents, to reduce urban (non-agricultural) water consumption by 25 percent of 2013 levels over the coming year. The reductions will likely vary by community, based on significant differences in per capita water consumption from region to region. Keep in mind, though, that residential water use is just a small fraction of the state's total water consumption -- with roughly 80 percent of all water resources used for agriculture, and the remainder split between residential and commercial/industrial uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[The NY Times produced an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/01/us/water-use-in-california.html\" target=\"_blank\">interactive map\u003c/a> of winter and summer water use rates in various cities and water districts throughout California].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that begs some important questions: namely, how much water does the average Californian actually consume and what would a 25 percent reduction look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a hard figure to quantify, and estimates vary widely. For one, while indoor residential water use is relatively steady throughout the state, outdoor use -- primarily for landscape irrigation -- varies dramatically, with homes in arid inland regions consuming significantly more water than those in coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/infographic-99131\" width=\"600\" height=\"950\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are large variations across the state,\" notes Peter Bostrom from the California Department of Water Resources. \"Outdoor use could be 25 percent [of a household's use] in Santa Cruz and 80 percent is Coachella.\" 15 percent of users, he adds, account for 60 percent of overuse in landscape irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11527\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/statewide-water.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11527 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/statewide-water-300x330.png\" alt=\"Source: California Dept. of Water Resources_Water Plan (2009)\" width=\"273\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Dept. of Water Resources; Water Plan (2009)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Additionally, estimates are typically represented as gallons per capita per day (gcpd). Water use in each of the state's 10 hydraulic regions is divided by population (see map at right). These calculations, however, generally factor in each region's total water consumption, which includes residential water use as well as commercial and industrial uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One the best ways to get a handle on your own household's water consumption is by carefully scrutinizing you water bill, which usually includes the number of gallons used that month. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/customers/understanding-your-water-bill#\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a> is among several local agencies that offer good interactive forms for how to read your bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An often-cited 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.irwd.com/images/pdf/save-water/CaSingleFamilyWaterUseEfficiencyStudyJune2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> of single-family water consumption, estimated that the average California household used more than 360 gallons of water per day. To put that in perspective, the typical office water cooler holds 5 gallons, or about 1.4 percent of the study's estimated daily average household use. Given that figure, the average house in California would need to use about 90 fewer gallons a day (or 18 water coolers) to meet the governor's 25 percent reduction mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2011 study, sponsored by CDWR and managed by the Irvine Ranch Water District, logged water consumption in the year 2007 for 735 homes spread across the state's 10 hydraulic regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It found that about 53 percent of total average household water use -- or more than 190 gallons per household per day -- was used for landscaping and other outdoor uses (this is just the state average -- most cities in the Bay Area use significantly less).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Indoor use accounted for more than 170 gallons per household per day. Not surprisingly, the most in-home water consumption was in toilet flushes. A more shocking finding, however, was the whopping 18 percent lost to leaks inside homes. Data from the study is represented in the charts below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/infographic-76744\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Bay Area: Ground Zero for Earth Day?",
"headTitle": "The Bay Area: Ground Zero for Earth Day? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/11100354_906310292767595_495524832380603643_n.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29508 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/11100354_906310292767595_495524832380603643_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saturday’s Earth Day celebration at The David Brower Center in Berkeley (Gael McKeon/The David Brower Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaylord Nelson, the Wisconsin senator who created \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/earth-day-tv-special-where-weve-been-where-were-headed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day\u003c/a>, never envisioned it as an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1970 he proposed a national teach-in, a day for universities across the country to hold “soul-searching” discussions about environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the day was such a hit—35,000 speakers and 20 million participants attended over 12,000 events across the country—that he thought it should be an annual event. And the nation agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This April 22 is the nation’s 46th Earth Day, the world’s most celebrated secular holiday, according to the Earth Day Network. But the ramifications of the first Earth Day’s success were much larger than the holiday itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really wasn’t an environmental movement before Earth Day,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.udel.edu/adamrome/fac-bio/adam-rome/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Rome\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental history at the University of Delaware, and author of \u003cem>The Genius of Earth Day\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There really wasn’t an environmental movement before Earth Day.’\u003ccite>– Adam Rome,Environmental historian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most of the major environmental regulations and organizations we have today, including the Environmental Protection Agency, the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, the Environmental Defense Fund, and the National Resources Defense Council, grew out of that one day in April 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were already concerned with specific local problems, like polluted water and air, Rome says, but Earth Day was the first time these concerns coalesced into “environmental issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing people together to talk about the environment as a whole and how it could be protected had a powerful impact on nearly everyone involved, including U.S. lawmakers. On the original Earth Day, Congress shut down and two-thirds of its members spoke at Earth Day events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon formed the Environmental Protection Agency nine months after the event. The Clean Air Act was passed within the year, and the Clean Water Act put into place just two years later. Meanwhile, in the Bay Area, environmentalism was already a few steps ahead of the rest of the nation, but the energy from Earth Day gave the movement momentum that’s still carrying it forward today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Earth Day in the Bay Area: A Green Hub\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29507\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 281px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/BrowerEarthDay.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29507 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/BrowerEarthDay.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The David Brower Center in Berkeley had its first Earth Day celebration on Saturday. Street art and flowers were part of the fun (Gael McKeon/The David Brower Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Part of what’s amazing about Earth Day in the Bay Area is in many ways this is where the environmental movement in the U.S was born,” says Jackie Hasa of the David Brower Center in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long before Nelson had his environmental awakening in Santa Barbara, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/04/16/celebrate-earth-day-at-john-muir-family-home/\">John Muir\u003c/a> in Martinez dreamt up the idea for the National Parks Service. Frederick Law Olmsted in San Francisco proposed Golden Gate Park and Caroline Livermore in Marin successfully campaigned to preserve green space on Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This conservationist, activist spirit of the Bay Area may have been part of Nelson’s inspiration. He and the student he selected to coordinate the first Earth Day, Denis Hayes, both spent some of their formative years in the Bay Area—Nelson went to college at San Jose State University and Hayes went to Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students at Nelson’s alma mater were so excited about Earth Day, they celebrated a few months ahead of the rest of the nation: they started drumming up support for environmental causes in February 1970 by purchasing a new Ford Maverick and then burying it in the campus lawn to protest, “ecologically insane behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This event, and the area’s long history of conservationism, put the Bay Area on the map as a center of environmental action before the first Earth Day and it has remained that way ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Earth Day 1970 injected new energy and enthusiasm–the Sierra Club, started by John Muir in San Francisco, tripled in size, and, led by David Brower (a Berkeley native) became an overtly environmentalist organization. A group of green-minded San Francisco lawyers, inspired by all of the Earth Day action, formed Earthjustice in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, 45 years later, Bay Area cities consistently \u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2008-02/americas-50-greenest-cities?image=2%22\">rank among the greenest in the nation\u003c/a>. But cities and individuals can always do more, and Hasa and Rome agree the most important function of Earth Day is to provide a day of reflection, to “think about the issues we are still facing today, like climate change,” Hasa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rome says this is what Nelson had in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was so great about the first Earth Day was it forced people to ask themselves, ‘Why does this matter? What’s at stake? What can I do?’,” he says. “Nelson trusted that if people just got together and talked about environmental issues, they would realize they cared more than they thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasa hopes that this Earth Day, Bay Area residents will take this opportunity to “both celebrate nature, and think about how we can be even better stewards of nature in the future.” Today, the Bay Area still is “a hub for the movement, both for the nation and the state, ” she says. “So the ripple effects of what happens here have a big impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents have a host of Earth Day celebrations to choose from, if they are so inclined:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>San Francisco\u003c/div>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1018934201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day Film Series\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crafty Friday: Earth Day\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/events/volunteer-events/special-events/mt-tam-earth-day-service.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mt. Tamalpais Earth Day\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificabeachcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacifica Beach Coalition Earth Day of Action and EcoFest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://myearthdaymarin.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">My Earth Day Marin\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>Alameda\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://alamedaca.gov/recreation/earth-day-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda Earth Day Festival\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>Berkeley\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://serc.berkeley.edu/earthweek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Earth Week\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>San Jose\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ercsjsu.org/earth-day.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or find Earth Day events across the country at \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthday.org/greencities/events/#United%20States\">Earth Day Network.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The first Earth Day started a movement, rocked the government and created a generation of environmental leaders. In the Bay Area, it injected new energy into an environmental tradition that began with John Muir.",
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"title": "The Bay Area: Ground Zero for Earth Day? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/11100354_906310292767595_495524832380603643_n.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29508 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/11100354_906310292767595_495524832380603643_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saturday’s Earth Day celebration at The David Brower Center in Berkeley (Gael McKeon/The David Brower Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gaylord Nelson, the Wisconsin senator who created \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/earth-day-tv-special-where-weve-been-where-were-headed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day\u003c/a>, never envisioned it as an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1970 he proposed a national teach-in, a day for universities across the country to hold “soul-searching” discussions about environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the day was such a hit—35,000 speakers and 20 million participants attended over 12,000 events across the country—that he thought it should be an annual event. And the nation agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This April 22 is the nation’s 46th Earth Day, the world’s most celebrated secular holiday, according to the Earth Day Network. But the ramifications of the first Earth Day’s success were much larger than the holiday itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really wasn’t an environmental movement before Earth Day,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.udel.edu/adamrome/fac-bio/adam-rome/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Rome\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental history at the University of Delaware, and author of \u003cem>The Genius of Earth Day\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There really wasn’t an environmental movement before Earth Day.’\u003ccite>– Adam Rome,Environmental historian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most of the major environmental regulations and organizations we have today, including the Environmental Protection Agency, the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, the Environmental Defense Fund, and the National Resources Defense Council, grew out of that one day in April 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were already concerned with specific local problems, like polluted water and air, Rome says, but Earth Day was the first time these concerns coalesced into “environmental issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing people together to talk about the environment as a whole and how it could be protected had a powerful impact on nearly everyone involved, including U.S. lawmakers. On the original Earth Day, Congress shut down and two-thirds of its members spoke at Earth Day events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon formed the Environmental Protection Agency nine months after the event. The Clean Air Act was passed within the year, and the Clean Water Act put into place just two years later. Meanwhile, in the Bay Area, environmentalism was already a few steps ahead of the rest of the nation, but the energy from Earth Day gave the movement momentum that’s still carrying it forward today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Earth Day in the Bay Area: A Green Hub\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29507\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 281px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/BrowerEarthDay.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29507 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/BrowerEarthDay.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The David Brower Center in Berkeley had its first Earth Day celebration on Saturday. Street art and flowers were part of the fun (Gael McKeon/The David Brower Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Part of what’s amazing about Earth Day in the Bay Area is in many ways this is where the environmental movement in the U.S was born,” says Jackie Hasa of the David Brower Center in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long before Nelson had his environmental awakening in Santa Barbara, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/04/16/celebrate-earth-day-at-john-muir-family-home/\">John Muir\u003c/a> in Martinez dreamt up the idea for the National Parks Service. Frederick Law Olmsted in San Francisco proposed Golden Gate Park and Caroline Livermore in Marin successfully campaigned to preserve green space on Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This conservationist, activist spirit of the Bay Area may have been part of Nelson’s inspiration. He and the student he selected to coordinate the first Earth Day, Denis Hayes, both spent some of their formative years in the Bay Area—Nelson went to college at San Jose State University and Hayes went to Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students at Nelson’s alma mater were so excited about Earth Day, they celebrated a few months ahead of the rest of the nation: they started drumming up support for environmental causes in February 1970 by purchasing a new Ford Maverick and then burying it in the campus lawn to protest, “ecologically insane behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This event, and the area’s long history of conservationism, put the Bay Area on the map as a center of environmental action before the first Earth Day and it has remained that way ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Earth Day 1970 injected new energy and enthusiasm–the Sierra Club, started by John Muir in San Francisco, tripled in size, and, led by David Brower (a Berkeley native) became an overtly environmentalist organization. A group of green-minded San Francisco lawyers, inspired by all of the Earth Day action, formed Earthjustice in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, 45 years later, Bay Area cities consistently \u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2008-02/americas-50-greenest-cities?image=2%22\">rank among the greenest in the nation\u003c/a>. But cities and individuals can always do more, and Hasa and Rome agree the most important function of Earth Day is to provide a day of reflection, to “think about the issues we are still facing today, like climate change,” Hasa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rome says this is what Nelson had in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was so great about the first Earth Day was it forced people to ask themselves, ‘Why does this matter? What’s at stake? What can I do?’,” he says. “Nelson trusted that if people just got together and talked about environmental issues, they would realize they cared more than they thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hasa hopes that this Earth Day, Bay Area residents will take this opportunity to “both celebrate nature, and think about how we can be even better stewards of nature in the future.” Today, the Bay Area still is “a hub for the movement, both for the nation and the state, ” she says. “So the ripple effects of what happens here have a big impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents have a host of Earth Day celebrations to choose from, if they are so inclined:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>San Francisco\u003c/div>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1018934201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day Film Series\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crafty Friday: Earth Day\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/events/volunteer-events/special-events/mt-tam-earth-day-service.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mt. Tamalpais Earth Day\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificabeachcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacifica Beach Coalition Earth Day of Action and EcoFest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://myearthdaymarin.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">My Earth Day Marin\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>Alameda\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://alamedaca.gov/recreation/earth-day-festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda Earth Day Festival\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>Berkeley\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://serc.berkeley.edu/earthweek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Earth Week\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>San Jose\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ercsjsu.org/earth-day.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or find Earth Day events across the country at \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthday.org/greencities/events/#United%20States\">Earth Day Network.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Celebrate Earth Day at John Muir Family Home",
"headTitle": "Celebrate Earth Day at John Muir Family Home | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 682px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Muir-Home-e1429140267819.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29267\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Muir-Home-e1429140267819.jpg\" alt=\"This Victorian mansion was the home of John Muir's father-in-law, John Strentzel. The Muir family moved in after Strentzel died. (National Park Service)\" width=\"682\" height=\"713\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Victorian mansion was the home of John Muir’s father-in-law, John Strentzel. The Muir family moved in after Strentzel died. (National Park Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Naturalist John Muir conceived of the National Park Service in what he called his “scribble den” at his family home in Martinez. That’s also where he wrote his famous books, while his wife, Louisa (Louie) Strentzel Muir, kept their two daughters playing quietly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir’s home is now a National Historic Site. And you can head there Saturday to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/jomu/planyourvisit/john-muir-birthday-earth-day-celebration-2015.htm\">celebrate Earth Day and Muir’s birthday\u003c/a> with live music, free activities and tours of the home. You can see the historic the orchards where Muir hiked with his daughters, and hear songs from the play about Muir’s life, “Mountain Days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also learn something you didn’t know about John Muir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Muir’s Historic Home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir lived in the Martinez home in for the last 24 years of his life. National Historic Site lead park ranger Jim MacDonald says, sometimes people are surprised to see the beautiful 3-story mansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People come here and they have a certain view of John Muir,” MacDonald says. “They think of him as this guy with a plant press on his back, and a crust of bread in his pocket and that’s it, tramping around the Sierras. And they come to this 17-room Victorian house and a lot of people are shocked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201318114″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house and the hundreds of acres that surrounded it were owned by Muir’s father-in-law, John Strentzel. Strentzel was a prominent rancher and horticulturist. In those days, the Alhambra valley of Martinez was one of the country’s premier fruit producers and Strentzel played a large role in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Strentzel died in 1890, Muir, his wife Louie, and their two daughters moved into the house and Muir took over the family orchard business. He managed the orchards for a decade and proved to be a shrewd businessman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the railroad approached Muir about building a track through his property, he agreed, on one condition: that the train build a stop at his farm so he could get his produce to market faster. The stop became known as “Muir Station.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He probably got a leg up on other fruit growers,” MacDonald says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Louie thought the business was keeping Muir from his true calling. She convinced her husband to turn over the ranch to his sibling, so he could write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She loved what he did,” Macdonald says, “and she thought it was important for him to tell the world about these beautiful places and try to save these places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir didn’t enjoy writing, MacDonald says, and thought it was difficult. Louie would encourage her husband to sit down and write in his scribble den, a room with lots of natural light. Louie would refrain from playing the piano while Muir wrote, making sure the house was quiet and free from distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0197.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25976 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0197.jpg\" alt=\"John Muir's "scribble den" where he wrote many of the books that inspired the environmental movement. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Muir’s “scribble den” where he wrote many of the books that inspired the environmental movement. (Marissa Ortega-Welch/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through his books and articles, Muir inspired presidents and congressmen to create the National Park Service and protect wild places like Yosemite and the Grand Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where it all started,” Macdonald says, standing in the second-floor study. “His books were written in this room; his idea for the National Park Service was in this room. I think — and I might get some contention from other park rangers — but I think you are standing right now in the most important place in the National Park Service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Muir’s shrewd business acumen that let him not only provide for his family, MacDonald says, but fund his own research and travel as he worked to preserve the country’s natural treasures. Muir’s house and land, and the encouragement of his wife, gave him the support he needed to become one of the country’s most successful advocates for wilderness preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Muir died he was worth five million dollars in today’s currency,” MacDonald says. “People don’t think of him that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Final Resting Place\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Muir died on Christmas Eve in 1914, while he was visiting his daughter in Arizona. He was buried on the family land in Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25973\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 302px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0225.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0225.jpg\" alt=\"The tombstones of John and Louie Muir. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\" width=\"302\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tombstones of John and Louie Muir. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you want to pay your respects at John Muir’s grave, you have to know where it is, but it’s just a short drive through a suburban neighborhood from Muir’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family donated the grave site to the John Muir National Historic Site in 2000. But the property is surrounded by private homes, and residents are concerned that if the cemetery becomes more well known, the neighborhood will have to cope with traffic, parking, and noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service isn’t directing visitors to the cemetery until it completes \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/jomu/learn/management/strentzel-muir-gravesite-plan.htm\">a management plan\u003c/a>. The Park is now accepting public comment on the plan, and has been working with residents to address their concerns. Options include shuttling visitors to the site or limiting the cemetery hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park superintendent Tom Leatherman says the park is committed to keeping the site open to the public so people can pay tribute to one of America’s most famous environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Muir home in Martinez is a National Historic Site, and there will be live music, free activities, and a silent auction Saturday, April 18. You can also tour the home and walk the famous orchards.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 682px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Muir-Home-e1429140267819.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29267\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/04/Muir-Home-e1429140267819.jpg\" alt=\"This Victorian mansion was the home of John Muir's father-in-law, John Strentzel. The Muir family moved in after Strentzel died. (National Park Service)\" width=\"682\" height=\"713\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Victorian mansion was the home of John Muir’s father-in-law, John Strentzel. The Muir family moved in after Strentzel died. (National Park Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Naturalist John Muir conceived of the National Park Service in what he called his “scribble den” at his family home in Martinez. That’s also where he wrote his famous books, while his wife, Louisa (Louie) Strentzel Muir, kept their two daughters playing quietly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir’s home is now a National Historic Site. And you can head there Saturday to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/jomu/planyourvisit/john-muir-birthday-earth-day-celebration-2015.htm\">celebrate Earth Day and Muir’s birthday\u003c/a> with live music, free activities and tours of the home. You can see the historic the orchards where Muir hiked with his daughters, and hear songs from the play about Muir’s life, “Mountain Days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also learn something you didn’t know about John Muir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Muir’s Historic Home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir lived in the Martinez home in for the last 24 years of his life. National Historic Site lead park ranger Jim MacDonald says, sometimes people are surprised to see the beautiful 3-story mansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People come here and they have a certain view of John Muir,” MacDonald says. “They think of him as this guy with a plant press on his back, and a crust of bread in his pocket and that’s it, tramping around the Sierras. And they come to this 17-room Victorian house and a lot of people are shocked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201318114″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201318114″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house and the hundreds of acres that surrounded it were owned by Muir’s father-in-law, John Strentzel. Strentzel was a prominent rancher and horticulturist. In those days, the Alhambra valley of Martinez was one of the country’s premier fruit producers and Strentzel played a large role in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Strentzel died in 1890, Muir, his wife Louie, and their two daughters moved into the house and Muir took over the family orchard business. He managed the orchards for a decade and proved to be a shrewd businessman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the railroad approached Muir about building a track through his property, he agreed, on one condition: that the train build a stop at his farm so he could get his produce to market faster. The stop became known as “Muir Station.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He probably got a leg up on other fruit growers,” MacDonald says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Louie thought the business was keeping Muir from his true calling. She convinced her husband to turn over the ranch to his sibling, so he could write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She loved what he did,” Macdonald says, “and she thought it was important for him to tell the world about these beautiful places and try to save these places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir didn’t enjoy writing, MacDonald says, and thought it was difficult. Louie would encourage her husband to sit down and write in his scribble den, a room with lots of natural light. Louie would refrain from playing the piano while Muir wrote, making sure the house was quiet and free from distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0197.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25976 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0197.jpg\" alt=\"John Muir's "scribble den" where he wrote many of the books that inspired the environmental movement. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Muir’s “scribble den” where he wrote many of the books that inspired the environmental movement. (Marissa Ortega-Welch/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through his books and articles, Muir inspired presidents and congressmen to create the National Park Service and protect wild places like Yosemite and the Grand Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where it all started,” Macdonald says, standing in the second-floor study. “His books were written in this room; his idea for the National Park Service was in this room. I think — and I might get some contention from other park rangers — but I think you are standing right now in the most important place in the National Park Service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Muir’s shrewd business acumen that let him not only provide for his family, MacDonald says, but fund his own research and travel as he worked to preserve the country’s natural treasures. Muir’s house and land, and the encouragement of his wife, gave him the support he needed to become one of the country’s most successful advocates for wilderness preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Muir died he was worth five million dollars in today’s currency,” MacDonald says. “People don’t think of him that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Final Resting Place\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Muir died on Christmas Eve in 1914, while he was visiting his daughter in Arizona. He was buried on the family land in Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25973\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 302px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0225.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/IMG_0225.jpg\" alt=\"The tombstones of John and Louie Muir. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\" width=\"302\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tombstones of John and Louie Muir. (Ortega-Welch/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you want to pay your respects at John Muir’s grave, you have to know where it is, but it’s just a short drive through a suburban neighborhood from Muir’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family donated the grave site to the John Muir National Historic Site in 2000. But the property is surrounded by private homes, and residents are concerned that if the cemetery becomes more well known, the neighborhood will have to cope with traffic, parking, and noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service isn’t directing visitors to the cemetery until it completes \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/jomu/learn/management/strentzel-muir-gravesite-plan.htm\">a management plan\u003c/a>. The Park is now accepting public comment on the plan, and has been working with residents to address their concerns. Options include shuttling visitors to the site or limiting the cemetery hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park superintendent Tom Leatherman says the park is committed to keeping the site open to the public so people can pay tribute to one of America’s most famous environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Visualization: Now that California's \"Rainy Season\" is Over, How Do Those Reservoirs Look?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://vicapow.github.io/water-supply/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Data source: \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/RES\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wet winter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talk about a rusty pipe dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the driest winter on record, California is bracing for another hot, thirsty summer. Deep into the fourth year of its historic drought, with no relief in site, the state is frantically trying to figure out how to cope with a lot less water. Historically at this time year, California's reservoirs are bulging with plentiful winter rains and Sierra snow melt. Not so much these days. Water levels across the state at a record lows, with every major reservoir well below capacity, most less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17009\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 179px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-17009 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15-300x413.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"179\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15-300x413.jpg 300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15-220x303.jpg 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15.jpg 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 179px) 100vw, 179px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\" target=\"_blank\">CA Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This above map, created for The Lowdown by Bay Area web developer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/vicapow\" target=\"_blank\">Victor Powell\u003c/a>, shows fluctuations since 2010 in California's 30-largest reservoirs. Grey borders mark each reservoir's maximum capacity, while the blue shows fluctuating storage levels over time. All reservoirs are scaled relative to maximum storage capacity (with the largest -- Shasta Lake -- at 30 pixels). Click on each reservoir to see the change in capacity over the designated time period. View the changing percentages over time by hovering over the reservoir pop-out to the left of the graph. And use the slider at top to select specific time periods. Source code and data available \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/vicapow/water-supply\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is peppered with a vast collection of dams and reservoirs, providing water -- and in some cases power -- to cities and farms throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the state's reservoirs typically fill up during the wet winter months and are slowly depleted over the course of the summer and fall (although reservoirs used mainly for agriculture and power generation follow scattered release schedules).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center\">Lake Oroville, then and now\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/lowdown/before_after/lakes.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> July 2011 \u003c/strong>(\u003cem>Paul Hames/CA DWR\u003c/em>) \u003cstrong>August 2014 \u003c/strong>(\u003cem>Justin Sullivan/Getty\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 601px\">\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-16153\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/water-source-map-640x654.png\" alt=\"Click on image for interactive version\" width=\"601\" height=\"614\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click on map for interactive version\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>For more on where water in California comes from:\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's map of Bay Area water districts by major source of supply\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/water/california-water-systems/\" target=\"_blank\">NRDC's water district finder interactive\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.water-ed.org/watersources/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Education Foundation's regional water tracker\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Victor Powell is a Berkeley-based web developer, specializing in data visualization. He runs the consultancy \u003ca href=\"http://setosa.io\" target=\"_blank\">Setosa\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://vicapow.github.io/water-supply/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Data source: \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/RES\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wet winter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talk about a rusty pipe dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the driest winter on record, California is bracing for another hot, thirsty summer. Deep into the fourth year of its historic drought, with no relief in site, the state is frantically trying to figure out how to cope with a lot less water. Historically at this time year, California's reservoirs are bulging with plentiful winter rains and Sierra snow melt. Not so much these days. Water levels across the state at a record lows, with every major reservoir well below capacity, most less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17009\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 179px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-17009 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15-300x413.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"179\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15-300x413.jpg 300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15-220x303.jpg 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/reservoir_4.13.15.jpg 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 179px) 100vw, 179px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\" target=\"_blank\">CA Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This above map, created for The Lowdown by Bay Area web developer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/vicapow\" target=\"_blank\">Victor Powell\u003c/a>, shows fluctuations since 2010 in California's 30-largest reservoirs. Grey borders mark each reservoir's maximum capacity, while the blue shows fluctuating storage levels over time. All reservoirs are scaled relative to maximum storage capacity (with the largest -- Shasta Lake -- at 30 pixels). Click on each reservoir to see the change in capacity over the designated time period. View the changing percentages over time by hovering over the reservoir pop-out to the left of the graph. And use the slider at top to select specific time periods. Source code and data available \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/vicapow/water-supply\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is peppered with a vast collection of dams and reservoirs, providing water -- and in some cases power -- to cities and farms throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the state's reservoirs typically fill up during the wet winter months and are slowly depleted over the course of the summer and fall (although reservoirs used mainly for agriculture and power generation follow scattered release schedules).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center\">Lake Oroville, then and now\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/lowdown/before_after/lakes.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> July 2011 \u003c/strong>(\u003cem>Paul Hames/CA DWR\u003c/em>) \u003cstrong>August 2014 \u003c/strong>(\u003cem>Justin Sullivan/Getty\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 601px\">\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-16153\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/water-source-map-640x654.png\" alt=\"Click on image for interactive version\" width=\"601\" height=\"614\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click on map for interactive version\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>For more on where water in California comes from:\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/02/28/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's map of Bay Area water districts by major source of supply\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/water/california-water-systems/\" target=\"_blank\">NRDC's water district finder interactive\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.water-ed.org/watersources/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Education Foundation's regional water tracker\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Victor Powell is a Berkeley-based web developer, specializing in data visualization. He runs the consultancy \u003ca href=\"http://setosa.io\" target=\"_blank\">Setosa\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
},
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
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