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"disqusTitle": "Should We Be Alarmed More Whales Are Washing Ashore in the Bay Area?",
"title": "Should We Be Alarmed More Whales Are Washing Ashore in the Bay Area?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>As part of our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we’re answering questions from listeners and readers. This story was produced in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"https://www.iseechange.org/\" target=\"_blank\">iSeeChange\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nBob Hutchinson is a regular at Sharp Park Beach in Pacifica, where he takes walks, rides his mountain bike and sometimes goes fishing. Usually Hutchinson knows what to expect, but a few months back, he started seeing things on the beach that he hadn’t noticed before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10700030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10700030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2-400x533.jpeg\" alt=\"Pacifica resident Bob Hutchinson.\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2-400x533.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2.jpeg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacifica resident Bob Hutchinson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Starting in April, an alarming number of dead whales began showing up -- three around his beach alone. And the same thing started happening on other beaches nearby. He recently sent in this question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Why have there been three dead whales washed up in Pacifica, California in the last four months, when in 35 years of living here I’ve only seen one or two?\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after Hutchinson sent in this question, another whale turned up. This time it was a dead fin whale, pinned under a dock on Alameda Island across from the Port of Oakland. According to the Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, that whale was hit by a tanker ship and probably plowed into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"IokPY6xG5YyoCDP8YPuMTk9zUe3d393v\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the summer and fall, gray whales, humpbacks, fin and sperm whales migrate north from Mexico to Alaska by the thousands. Experts say the current collisions and strandings are happening because there are so many whales off the coast this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not unusual for gray whales to strand,” said Izzy Szczepaniak, a naturalist with Golden Gate Cetacean Research. “But the fact that we had a killer whale, a sperm whale, a pygmy sperm whale, a humpback whale and gray whales -- that's what's unusual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 28 whales have died in California so far this year, about a third more than normal. The causes of death are mixed. For example, they're malnourished, they get caught in fishing gear or they're killed by orcas. But the number that have been hit by ships is up slightly, like the fin whale in Alameda. According to Nate Mantua, a researcher at NOAA’s Southwest Fisheries Science Center in Santa Cruz, the reason those collisions are happening can be traced back to what’s in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/226103256\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ocean is exceptionally warm,” Mantua said, “probably warmer than at any time in our historical records that go back to 1900 or so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm water he described is called “the blob.” But unlike the creeping red goo in the 1958 horror flick, the one he’s talking about is a massive area of warm water sitting off the coast right now. It’s kind of like a bathtub out in the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That warmth of the offshore waters has caused a huge change in the distribution of a lot of marine life,\" Mantua said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 10px\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2015/04/20/baycurious.png\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWhat do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Marine life, like krill and sardines, seeks out cold water. Because of the blob, that cold ocean water is sitting close to shore this year. So, that's where whales come to feed, and that's where the ship strikes happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In spite of this trend, scientists aren't concerned by how many whales have died so far this year. With so many whales nearby, residents could just be seeing the ones that would otherwise die far out at sea. As for Bob Hutchinson and the three whales that washed up on his beach in Pacifica: It’s not time to worry, just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, with lots of whales still migrating north through a crowded ocean of fishing boats and tankers, whether such deaths continue could be up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in partnership with the environmental reporting project, iSeeChange. More information can be found at \u003ca href=\"https://www.iseechange.org/\" target=\"_blank\">www.iseechange.org. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want to see the Bay Curious team take on? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">Submit it!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>As part of our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we’re answering questions from listeners and readers. This story was produced in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"https://www.iseechange.org/\" target=\"_blank\">iSeeChange\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nBob Hutchinson is a regular at Sharp Park Beach in Pacifica, where he takes walks, rides his mountain bike and sometimes goes fishing. Usually Hutchinson knows what to expect, but a few months back, he started seeing things on the beach that he hadn’t noticed before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10700030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10700030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2-400x533.jpeg\" alt=\"Pacifica resident Bob Hutchinson.\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2-400x533.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BobHutchinsonPortrait2.jpeg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacifica resident Bob Hutchinson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Starting in April, an alarming number of dead whales began showing up -- three around his beach alone. And the same thing started happening on other beaches nearby. He recently sent in this question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Why have there been three dead whales washed up in Pacifica, California in the last four months, when in 35 years of living here I’ve only seen one or two?\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after Hutchinson sent in this question, another whale turned up. This time it was a dead fin whale, pinned under a dock on Alameda Island across from the Port of Oakland. According to the Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, that whale was hit by a tanker ship and probably plowed into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the summer and fall, gray whales, humpbacks, fin and sperm whales migrate north from Mexico to Alaska by the thousands. Experts say the current collisions and strandings are happening because there are so many whales off the coast this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not unusual for gray whales to strand,” said Izzy Szczepaniak, a naturalist with Golden Gate Cetacean Research. “But the fact that we had a killer whale, a sperm whale, a pygmy sperm whale, a humpback whale and gray whales -- that's what's unusual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 28 whales have died in California so far this year, about a third more than normal. The causes of death are mixed. For example, they're malnourished, they get caught in fishing gear or they're killed by orcas. But the number that have been hit by ships is up slightly, like the fin whale in Alameda. According to Nate Mantua, a researcher at NOAA’s Southwest Fisheries Science Center in Santa Cruz, the reason those collisions are happening can be traced back to what’s in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/226103256&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/226103256'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ocean is exceptionally warm,” Mantua said, “probably warmer than at any time in our historical records that go back to 1900 or so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm water he described is called “the blob.” But unlike the creeping red goo in the 1958 horror flick, the one he’s talking about is a massive area of warm water sitting off the coast right now. It’s kind of like a bathtub out in the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That warmth of the offshore waters has caused a huge change in the distribution of a lot of marine life,\" Mantua said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 10px\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2015/04/20/baycurious.png\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWhat do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Marine life, like krill and sardines, seeks out cold water. Because of the blob, that cold ocean water is sitting close to shore this year. So, that's where whales come to feed, and that's where the ship strikes happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In spite of this trend, scientists aren't concerned by how many whales have died so far this year. With so many whales nearby, residents could just be seeing the ones that would otherwise die far out at sea. As for Bob Hutchinson and the three whales that washed up on his beach in Pacifica: It’s not time to worry, just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, with lots of whales still migrating north through a crowded ocean of fishing boats and tankers, whether such deaths continue could be up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in partnership with the environmental reporting project, iSeeChange. More information can be found at \u003ca href=\"https://www.iseechange.org/\" target=\"_blank\">www.iseechange.org. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want to see the Bay Curious team take on? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">Submit it!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Drought-Weakened Trees Could Pose Danger This Winter",
"headTitle": "Drought-Weakened Trees Could Pose Danger This Winter | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/09/WebDroughtTrees.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four years of drought, California has a huge number of dead and dying trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a U.S. Forest Service aerial survey last spring, researchers estimated there were 12.5 million dead trees on national forest lands alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t count dead and dying trees in open spaces and urban parks, or on private property like your backyard or your neighbor’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climatologists predicting that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/02/floods-in-a-drought-how-a-monster-el-nino-could-bring-relief-and-misery-to-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this year’s El Niño \u003c/a>will usher in strong winds and torrential rains, weakened trees pose dangers to people and property across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If we’re going to incur any sort of storm, there’s going be a lot of trees in jeopardy.’\u003ccite>Remy Hummer, Arborist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, arborists are working overtime to prune or remove trees on private property. And many homeowners aren’t receiving any assistance with the cost; San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley don’t have funds designated for this. In San Francisco, even street trees — normally a municipal responsibility — are being turned over to residents because the city doesn’t have the money to manage them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Protecting Power Lines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E inspects millions of trees each year and is responsible for removing limbs and trees that pose a threat to power lines in urban and rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a work site in Santa Cruz recently, program manager Joel Smith points out the signs of a dead tree, a Douglas fir that crews are trimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just a small portion of green up toward the top,” he says, “and the rest of the crown is basically dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clumps of pine needles at the top of this Douglas fir have started to turn brown, and lichen hangs from the lower branches. Smith says this tree is too close to power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://gifs.com/embed/KkPDkb\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" style=\"-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: scale(1);\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To get a sense of the size of this tree, look for the PG&E crew member who’s barely visible, just under the branch that’s being trimmed off.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is very serious,” he says. “Trees that are dead or are otherwise compromised can fail, and if they are close to our high voltage lines they can cause those lines to come down, which can create a very dangerous public safety hazard, as well as taking out the power and potentially causing a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire officials are currently investigating whether this month’s devastating Butte Fire was ignited when a tree came into contact with a power line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, says PG&E, crews are taking out 30 percent more dead trees and twice as many hazardous trees as in a non-drought year. And when customers call for a tree inspection, crews are doing less pruning and more removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Should Homeowners Do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you see a drought-stressed tree near a power line, call PG&E; if it’s a street tree, call 311 to schedule a city inspection. But if you’re worried about a tree on your property, call a certified arborist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remy Hummer with Arborist Now says he’s been working overtime since the beginning of the year, trimming and removing trees or supporting them with cables. He says a lot of calls this fall are from homeowners worried about storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_268059\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-268059\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A weakened tree is uprooted in Vallejo by winds from one of last winter's rare atmospheric river storms.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A weakened tree in Vallejo was uprooted by winds from one of last winter’s atmospheric river storms. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we’re going to incur any sort of storm, there’s going to be a lot of trees in jeopardy,” he says, “even the ones that are very sound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials say even in an ordinary year, between one and three tree branches fall every week in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But U.C. Berkeley forest ecologist Joe McBride says this winter, hundreds of branches could fall every week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climatologists now say there’s a 95 percent chance El Niño will last through the winter. And they’re saying the storms could be as big as the El Niño of 1997-98, when San Francisco received double its normal amount of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One clue that you may have a drought-stressed tree is a brown crown, says McBride. He says the crown is often the first place to go dry, because the tree simply can’t send enough water up to the taller branches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Bad Storm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his four decades studying trees, McBride says one of the worst winter storms he remembers was in 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were record wind velocities following about a week of rainfall in San Francisco,” he says, “and an estimated 6,000 trees at the Presidio and in Golden Gate Park were blown over as a result of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it didn’t take long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It all occurred in about a period of six hours, this one really heavy windstorm,” he says. “Blocked streets, a number of structures were hit by falling trees, cars were hit. It was a major disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a somewhat rare combination of prolonged rainfall with record winds, McBride says. And as to whether something similar is possible this winter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, I think it’s possible,” he says, “yeah.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If El Niño brings heavy wind and rain, California's dead and dying trees could topple, threatening homes and people.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After four years of drought, California has a huge number of dead and dying trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a U.S. Forest Service aerial survey last spring, researchers estimated there were 12.5 million dead trees on national forest lands alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t count dead and dying trees in open spaces and urban parks, or on private property like your backyard or your neighbor’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climatologists predicting that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/02/floods-in-a-drought-how-a-monster-el-nino-could-bring-relief-and-misery-to-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this year’s El Niño \u003c/a>will usher in strong winds and torrential rains, weakened trees pose dangers to people and property across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If we’re going to incur any sort of storm, there’s going be a lot of trees in jeopardy.’\u003ccite>Remy Hummer, Arborist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, arborists are working overtime to prune or remove trees on private property. And many homeowners aren’t receiving any assistance with the cost; San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley don’t have funds designated for this. In San Francisco, even street trees — normally a municipal responsibility — are being turned over to residents because the city doesn’t have the money to manage them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Protecting Power Lines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E inspects millions of trees each year and is responsible for removing limbs and trees that pose a threat to power lines in urban and rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a work site in Santa Cruz recently, program manager Joel Smith points out the signs of a dead tree, a Douglas fir that crews are trimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just a small portion of green up toward the top,” he says, “and the rest of the crown is basically dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clumps of pine needles at the top of this Douglas fir have started to turn brown, and lichen hangs from the lower branches. Smith says this tree is too close to power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://gifs.com/embed/KkPDkb\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" style=\"-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: scale(1);\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To get a sense of the size of this tree, look for the PG&E crew member who’s barely visible, just under the branch that’s being trimmed off.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is very serious,” he says. “Trees that are dead or are otherwise compromised can fail, and if they are close to our high voltage lines they can cause those lines to come down, which can create a very dangerous public safety hazard, as well as taking out the power and potentially causing a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire officials are currently investigating whether this month’s devastating Butte Fire was ignited when a tree came into contact with a power line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, says PG&E, crews are taking out 30 percent more dead trees and twice as many hazardous trees as in a non-drought year. And when customers call for a tree inspection, crews are doing less pruning and more removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Should Homeowners Do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you see a drought-stressed tree near a power line, call PG&E; if it’s a street tree, call 311 to schedule a city inspection. But if you’re worried about a tree on your property, call a certified arborist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remy Hummer with Arborist Now says he’s been working overtime since the beginning of the year, trimming and removing trees or supporting them with cables. He says a lot of calls this fall are from homeowners worried about storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_268059\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-268059\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A weakened tree is uprooted in Vallejo by winds from one of last winter's rare atmospheric river storms.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A weakened tree in Vallejo was uprooted by winds from one of last winter’s atmospheric river storms. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we’re going to incur any sort of storm, there’s going to be a lot of trees in jeopardy,” he says, “even the ones that are very sound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials say even in an ordinary year, between one and three tree branches fall every week in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But U.C. Berkeley forest ecologist Joe McBride says this winter, hundreds of branches could fall every week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climatologists now say there’s a 95 percent chance El Niño will last through the winter. And they’re saying the storms could be as big as the El Niño of 1997-98, when San Francisco received double its normal amount of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One clue that you may have a drought-stressed tree is a brown crown, says McBride. He says the crown is often the first place to go dry, because the tree simply can’t send enough water up to the taller branches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Bad Storm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his four decades studying trees, McBride says one of the worst winter storms he remembers was in 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were record wind velocities following about a week of rainfall in San Francisco,” he says, “and an estimated 6,000 trees at the Presidio and in Golden Gate Park were blown over as a result of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it didn’t take long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It all occurred in about a period of six hours, this one really heavy windstorm,” he says. “Blocked streets, a number of structures were hit by falling trees, cars were hit. It was a major disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a somewhat rare combination of prolonged rainfall with record winds, McBride says. And as to whether something similar is possible this winter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, I think it’s possible,” he says, “yeah.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Royal Dutch Shell will stop drilling for oil and gas in Arctic waters off Alaska’s coast following disappointing results from an exploratory well backed by billions in investment and years of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement represents a big change of heart for Shell, which was counting on offshore drilling in Alaska to help it drive revenue. Environmentalists, however, had tried repeatedly to block the project and cheered the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell has spent upward of $7 billion on Arctic offshore exploration, including $2.1 billion in 2008 for leases in the Chukchi Sea off Alaska’s northwest coast, where an exploratory well about 80 miles offshore drilled to 6,800 feet but yielded disappointing results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backed by a 28-vessel flotilla, drillers found indications of oil and gas but not in sufficient quantities to warrant more exploration at the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell continues to see important exploration potential in the basin, and the area is likely to ultimately be of strategic importance to Alaska and the U.S.,” Marvin Odum, president of Shell USA, said in The Hague, Netherlands. “However, this is a clearly disappointing exploration outcome for this part of the basin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell will end exploration off Alaska “for the foreseeable future,” the company said, because of the well results and because of the “challenging and unpredictable federal regulatory environment in offshore Alaska.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies like Shell face a far more challenging environment commercially than they did a year ago, as the price of oil has roughly halved to about $45 a barrel currently. Projects no longer look as financially attractive, making investments riskier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Alaskan decision is a reaction to the lower oil price — an example of not going forward with a project because there is just not enough oil and gas to make it economic,” said Louise Cooper, an independent analyst at CooperCity. “If the oil price rises again and the well becomes economic, then it can try again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell, whose share price has fallen by around a third over the past year, is also in the middle of an expensive takeover of British-based gas exploration company BG Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday was Shell’s final day to drill this year in petroleum-bearing rock offshore Alaska under its federal permit. Regulators required Shell to stop a month before sea ice is expected to reform in the lease area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell’s announcement was welcomed by environmentalists who have been trying to convince the company to halt its plans to explore in the Arctic. They argued that Shell’s operations could increase greenhouse gas emissions and lead to crude oil spills and a disaster for polar bears, walruses and ice seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Greenpeace/status/648429199582072832/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc^tfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Big oil has sustained an unmitigated defeat,” Greenpeace UK Executive Director John Sauven said. “The Save the Arctic movement has exacted a huge reputational price from Shell for its Arctic drilling program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production rigs extracting oil would be subject to punishing storms, shifting ice and months of operating in the cold and dark. Over the summer, protesters in kayaks unsuccessfully tried to block Arctic-bound Shell vessels in Seattle and Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell’s abandonment of drilling and cancellation of all exploratory activity in the Arctic is joyous news for our climate, communities along the Arctic Ocean, and the hundreds of thousands of people who have joined in public protests saying ‘Shell No’ to Arctic drilling,” said Sierra Club Executive Director Michael Brune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyoko Sakashita, oceans program director for the Center for Biological Diversity in Oakland, urged Shell not to try again. “Polar bears, Alaska’s Arctic and our climate just caught a huge break,” Sakashita said. “Here’s hoping Shell leaves the Arctic forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey estimates U.S. Arctic waters in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas contain 26 billion barrels or more of recoverable oil in total. Shell officials had called the Chukchi basin “a potential game-changer,” a vast untapped reservoir that could add to America’s energy supply for 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell had planned at least one more year of exploration with up to six wells drilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A transition to production could have taken a decade or longer.\u003cbr>\nShell had the strong backing of Alaska officials and business leaders who want a new source of crude oil filling the trans-Alaska pipeline, now running at less than one-quarter capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Ebinger, senior fellow for the Brookings Institution Energy Security and Climate Initiative, said in an interview that a successful well by Shell would have been “a terribly big deal,” opening an area that U.S. officials say contains 15 billion barrels of oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though countries are pushing for cleaner energy sources, analysts predict that the world between 2030 and 2040 will need another 10 million barrels a day to meet growing demand, especially in developing countries, Ebinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Areas like the Arctic are one of the areas that, if we’re going to be able to do this, we need to examine,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell in 2012 sent drill rigs to the Chukchi and Beaufort seas but was not allowed to drill into oil-bearing rock because the containment dome had been damaged in testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s vessels suffered serious setbacks getting to and from the Arctic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One drill vessel broke loose from its towline in the Gulf of Alaska and ran aground near Kodiak Island. Owners of the leased Noble Discoverer, which drilled in the Chukchi and is back this year, pleaded guilty to eight felony maritime safety counts and paid a $12.2 million fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was proof of Shell’s Arctic incompetence, critics said.\u003cbr>\nOdum called drilling off Alaska’s coast the most scrutinized and analyzed oil and gas project in the world and said he was confident Shell could drill safely.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Royal Dutch Shell will stop drilling for oil and gas in Arctic waters off Alaska’s coast following disappointing results from an exploratory well backed by billions in investment and years of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement represents a big change of heart for Shell, which was counting on offshore drilling in Alaska to help it drive revenue. Environmentalists, however, had tried repeatedly to block the project and cheered the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell has spent upward of $7 billion on Arctic offshore exploration, including $2.1 billion in 2008 for leases in the Chukchi Sea off Alaska’s northwest coast, where an exploratory well about 80 miles offshore drilled to 6,800 feet but yielded disappointing results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backed by a 28-vessel flotilla, drillers found indications of oil and gas but not in sufficient quantities to warrant more exploration at the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell continues to see important exploration potential in the basin, and the area is likely to ultimately be of strategic importance to Alaska and the U.S.,” Marvin Odum, president of Shell USA, said in The Hague, Netherlands. “However, this is a clearly disappointing exploration outcome for this part of the basin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell will end exploration off Alaska “for the foreseeable future,” the company said, because of the well results and because of the “challenging and unpredictable federal regulatory environment in offshore Alaska.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies like Shell face a far more challenging environment commercially than they did a year ago, as the price of oil has roughly halved to about $45 a barrel currently. Projects no longer look as financially attractive, making investments riskier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Alaskan decision is a reaction to the lower oil price — an example of not going forward with a project because there is just not enough oil and gas to make it economic,” said Louise Cooper, an independent analyst at CooperCity. “If the oil price rises again and the well becomes economic, then it can try again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell, whose share price has fallen by around a third over the past year, is also in the middle of an expensive takeover of British-based gas exploration company BG Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday was Shell’s final day to drill this year in petroleum-bearing rock offshore Alaska under its federal permit. Regulators required Shell to stop a month before sea ice is expected to reform in the lease area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell’s announcement was welcomed by environmentalists who have been trying to convince the company to halt its plans to explore in the Arctic. They argued that Shell’s operations could increase greenhouse gas emissions and lead to crude oil spills and a disaster for polar bears, walruses and ice seals.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc^tfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Big oil has sustained an unmitigated defeat,” Greenpeace UK Executive Director John Sauven said. “The Save the Arctic movement has exacted a huge reputational price from Shell for its Arctic drilling program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production rigs extracting oil would be subject to punishing storms, shifting ice and months of operating in the cold and dark. Over the summer, protesters in kayaks unsuccessfully tried to block Arctic-bound Shell vessels in Seattle and Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell’s abandonment of drilling and cancellation of all exploratory activity in the Arctic is joyous news for our climate, communities along the Arctic Ocean, and the hundreds of thousands of people who have joined in public protests saying ‘Shell No’ to Arctic drilling,” said Sierra Club Executive Director Michael Brune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyoko Sakashita, oceans program director for the Center for Biological Diversity in Oakland, urged Shell not to try again. “Polar bears, Alaska’s Arctic and our climate just caught a huge break,” Sakashita said. “Here’s hoping Shell leaves the Arctic forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey estimates U.S. Arctic waters in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas contain 26 billion barrels or more of recoverable oil in total. Shell officials had called the Chukchi basin “a potential game-changer,” a vast untapped reservoir that could add to America’s energy supply for 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell had planned at least one more year of exploration with up to six wells drilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A transition to production could have taken a decade or longer.\u003cbr>\nShell had the strong backing of Alaska officials and business leaders who want a new source of crude oil filling the trans-Alaska pipeline, now running at less than one-quarter capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Ebinger, senior fellow for the Brookings Institution Energy Security and Climate Initiative, said in an interview that a successful well by Shell would have been “a terribly big deal,” opening an area that U.S. officials say contains 15 billion barrels of oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though countries are pushing for cleaner energy sources, analysts predict that the world between 2030 and 2040 will need another 10 million barrels a day to meet growing demand, especially in developing countries, Ebinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Areas like the Arctic are one of the areas that, if we’re going to be able to do this, we need to examine,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell in 2012 sent drill rigs to the Chukchi and Beaufort seas but was not allowed to drill into oil-bearing rock because the containment dome had been damaged in testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s vessels suffered serious setbacks getting to and from the Arctic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One drill vessel broke loose from its towline in the Gulf of Alaska and ran aground near Kodiak Island. Owners of the leased Noble Discoverer, which drilled in the Chukchi and is back this year, pleaded guilty to eight felony maritime safety counts and paid a $12.2 million fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was proof of Shell’s Arctic incompetence, critics said.\u003cbr>\nOdum called drilling off Alaska’s coast the most scrutinized and analyzed oil and gas project in the world and said he was confident Shell could drill safely.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Deadly Skin Disease Threatens Endangered Kit Foxes in Bakersfield",
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"content": "\u003cp>The endangered San Joaquin kit fox has an unlikely home in California’s country music capital. No, these bushy-tailed creatures don’t hang out in the honky-tonks in Bakersfield, but they do find plenty of other places to make their dens. Every golf course in town has a family of kit foxes. Industrial parks and school campuses are also popular spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, they’re all over Bakersfield,” says Alan Paradise, principal of North High School. He’s seen many a fox family peering out of dens near the school’s baseball field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225594796\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll know that it’s an active den when you see bones and wrappings around the outside,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food wrappings, that is. These small nocturnal foxes will eat junk food and they’ve been known to dumpster-dive. But they also find plenty of marmots, ground squirrels and insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradise says he sees them everywhere. “They seem to do pretty well in Bakersfield,” he says. “They like it here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, they’ve been around for decades. As Bakersfield grew and encroached on their natural habitat, they adapted. Biologists estimate there could be as many as 400 foxes living here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10697084\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10697084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-800x475.jpg\" alt=\"A kit fox sniffs a trap after being released. She was treated on-site with a topical insecticide for mange.\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-800x475.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-400x238.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-1440x856.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-1180x701.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-960x571.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A kit fox sniffs a trap after being released. She was treated on-site with a topical insecticide for mange. \u003ccite>(Tory Westall/Endangered Species Recovery Program, CSU Stanislaus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the drought, the Bakersfield kit foxes make up the most stable population of this endangered animal. The numbers are declining in wilder areas like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/Carrizo_Plain_NM.html\">Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/a>, where kit foxes are having trouble finding enough food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most locals take pride in the kit foxes, but sometimes there are conflicts, says California Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist Victoria Monroe. She educates people on how to coexist with a protected species that is curious and playful, but skittish around humans. Today, she’s fielding a question from a man who says his neighbor tampered with a kit fox den by shoveling dirt into the entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe checks the den, which is next to a driveway, and notices tiny paw prints in the sand. She says the kit fox has already started mending the hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re notoriously intelligent,” Monroe says. “Their behavior is very plastic. And they can change their behaviors in response to human activity to exploit new environments and to really thrive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now these urban foxes are facing a problem they can’t outwit -- a deadly and highly infectious skin disease called mange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because this is such a high-density population, the disease is spreading pretty rapidly,” says Brian Cypher, associate director of the \u003ca href=\"http://esrp.csustan.edu/\">Endangered Species Recovery Program \u003c/a>at CSU Stanislaus. “It could spread throughout the entire [urban] population and potentially kill them all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the drought has already caused a precipitous drop in the numbers of San Joaquin kit foxes out in the wild, this is especially bad news for an endangered animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cypher says mange, which is caused by mites, has never been seen in kit foxes. It appears to affect only the foxes in Bakersfield, not in the wilder areas. “It seems like in the natural lands, the density is too low to carry the disease,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseased foxes lose their fur and scratch so much they get wounds on their skin. Cypher says dogs can usually survive mange, but it’s fatal for kit foxes unless it’s treated. If the mange goes untreated, the kit fox will likely die within a few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an urgent situation, so Cypher and his team are trying to tackle the problem by trapping and treating as many kit foxes as possible. So far this year, they’ve treated about 50 kit foxes for mange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10697086\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10697086 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-800x636.jpg\" alt=\"This male kit fox was hospitalized for four weeks at the California Living Museum. This photo was taken before he was released.\" width=\"800\" height=\"636\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-800x636.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-400x318.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-1440x1145.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-1180x938.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-960x763.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This male kit fox was hospitalized four weeks at the California Living Museum. This photo was taken before he was released. \u003ccite>(Erica Kelly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re not sure if we can stop it,” Cypher says. “We’re going to give it our best shot. We’re hoping that, if nothing else, we can protect pockets of foxes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cypher and biologist Tory Westall set traps several nights a week and check them early in the mornings. They treat the foxes with a topical insecticide and then release them. If the fox is really sick, they’ll take it to a wildlife rehabilitation facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this warm summer morning, Cypher and his team are checking traps in southeast Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing here,” says Westall. The traps at an elementary school are empty. The team then heads to a nearby industrial site. But again, no luck. They’re hoping to find one fox in particular -- a very sick one they've seen in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably around here, and for whatever reason, it doesn’t want to go into the traps,” says Westall. “We’ve put in a lot of nights here, and it usually only takes one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve set up cameras to survey any sick animals in the area. They use cat food as bait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also use a commercial lure called canine call,” Cypher says. “And it’s got all sorts of nasty stuff in it. Skunk glands, I’m not sure what all else. But the foxes just can’t resist it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most mornings, the team has no trouble catching sick foxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cypher says humans don’t need to worry about getting mange. Mites don’t like humans. And as long as dog owners take care of their pets by treating them for ticks and fleas, the dogs should be fine, too, Cypher says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Cypher and his team are waiting for funding to try a new plan typically reserved for dogs: putting collars on the foxes that will kill the mites. And if that doesn’t work, they may try applying insecticides directly to the dens -- anything to protect these endangered San Joaquin kit foxes that have made a home in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The endangered San Joaquin kit fox has an unlikely home in California’s country music capital. No, these bushy-tailed creatures don’t hang out in the honky-tonks in Bakersfield, but they do find plenty of other places to make their dens. Every golf course in town has a family of kit foxes. Industrial parks and school campuses are also popular spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, they’re all over Bakersfield,” says Alan Paradise, principal of North High School. He’s seen many a fox family peering out of dens near the school’s baseball field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225594796&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225594796'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll know that it’s an active den when you see bones and wrappings around the outside,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food wrappings, that is. These small nocturnal foxes will eat junk food and they’ve been known to dumpster-dive. But they also find plenty of marmots, ground squirrels and insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradise says he sees them everywhere. “They seem to do pretty well in Bakersfield,” he says. “They like it here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, they’ve been around for decades. As Bakersfield grew and encroached on their natural habitat, they adapted. Biologists estimate there could be as many as 400 foxes living here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10697084\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10697084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-800x475.jpg\" alt=\"A kit fox sniffs a trap after being released. She was treated on-site with a topical insecticide for mange.\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-800x475.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-400x238.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-1440x856.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-1180x701.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FemaleKit-960x571.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A kit fox sniffs a trap after being released. She was treated on-site with a topical insecticide for mange. \u003ccite>(Tory Westall/Endangered Species Recovery Program, CSU Stanislaus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the drought, the Bakersfield kit foxes make up the most stable population of this endangered animal. The numbers are declining in wilder areas like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/Carrizo_Plain_NM.html\">Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/a>, where kit foxes are having trouble finding enough food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most locals take pride in the kit foxes, but sometimes there are conflicts, says California Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist Victoria Monroe. She educates people on how to coexist with a protected species that is curious and playful, but skittish around humans. Today, she’s fielding a question from a man who says his neighbor tampered with a kit fox den by shoveling dirt into the entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe checks the den, which is next to a driveway, and notices tiny paw prints in the sand. She says the kit fox has already started mending the hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re notoriously intelligent,” Monroe says. “Their behavior is very plastic. And they can change their behaviors in response to human activity to exploit new environments and to really thrive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now these urban foxes are facing a problem they can’t outwit -- a deadly and highly infectious skin disease called mange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because this is such a high-density population, the disease is spreading pretty rapidly,” says Brian Cypher, associate director of the \u003ca href=\"http://esrp.csustan.edu/\">Endangered Species Recovery Program \u003c/a>at CSU Stanislaus. “It could spread throughout the entire [urban] population and potentially kill them all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the drought has already caused a precipitous drop in the numbers of San Joaquin kit foxes out in the wild, this is especially bad news for an endangered animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cypher says mange, which is caused by mites, has never been seen in kit foxes. It appears to affect only the foxes in Bakersfield, not in the wilder areas. “It seems like in the natural lands, the density is too low to carry the disease,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseased foxes lose their fur and scratch so much they get wounds on their skin. Cypher says dogs can usually survive mange, but it’s fatal for kit foxes unless it’s treated. If the mange goes untreated, the kit fox will likely die within a few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an urgent situation, so Cypher and his team are trying to tackle the problem by trapping and treating as many kit foxes as possible. So far this year, they’ve treated about 50 kit foxes for mange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10697086\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10697086 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-800x636.jpg\" alt=\"This male kit fox was hospitalized for four weeks at the California Living Museum. This photo was taken before he was released.\" width=\"800\" height=\"636\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-800x636.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-400x318.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-1440x1145.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-1180x938.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/MakeKitFox-960x763.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This male kit fox was hospitalized four weeks at the California Living Museum. This photo was taken before he was released. \u003ccite>(Erica Kelly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re not sure if we can stop it,” Cypher says. “We’re going to give it our best shot. We’re hoping that, if nothing else, we can protect pockets of foxes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cypher and biologist Tory Westall set traps several nights a week and check them early in the mornings. They treat the foxes with a topical insecticide and then release them. If the fox is really sick, they’ll take it to a wildlife rehabilitation facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this warm summer morning, Cypher and his team are checking traps in southeast Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing here,” says Westall. The traps at an elementary school are empty. The team then heads to a nearby industrial site. But again, no luck. They’re hoping to find one fox in particular -- a very sick one they've seen in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably around here, and for whatever reason, it doesn’t want to go into the traps,” says Westall. “We’ve put in a lot of nights here, and it usually only takes one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve set up cameras to survey any sick animals in the area. They use cat food as bait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also use a commercial lure called canine call,” Cypher says. “And it’s got all sorts of nasty stuff in it. Skunk glands, I’m not sure what all else. But the foxes just can’t resist it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most mornings, the team has no trouble catching sick foxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cypher says humans don’t need to worry about getting mange. Mites don’t like humans. And as long as dog owners take care of their pets by treating them for ticks and fleas, the dogs should be fine, too, Cypher says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Cypher and his team are waiting for funding to try a new plan typically reserved for dogs: putting collars on the foxes that will kill the mites. And if that doesn’t work, they may try applying insecticides directly to the dens -- anything to protect these endangered San Joaquin kit foxes that have made a home in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Restoring Marshland and Protecting Bay Shoreline From Rising Tides and Storm Events",
"headTitle": "Restoring Marshland and Protecting Bay Shoreline From Rising Tides and Storm Events | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay and Delta were once ringed by a deep fringe of marshes. They acted as the lungs and kidneys of the ecosystem, filtering water and providing homes to millions of shorebirds, ducks, fish and other wildlife. But because of diking, dredging and filling before 1970 when modern environmental laws began to protect wetlands, the amount of tidal marsh around the bay and delta declined from roughly 555,000 acres in 1800 to about 40,000 acres by 2009 -– a drop of more than 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, tidal marsh protection and restoration has been a priority for public agencies and environmental groups, and more than 11,000 acres have been added or restored. You can see an \u003ca href=\"http://maps.californiawetlands.net/soter2015/tidalmarsh/map/index.php\">animation of the bay’s marsh history\u003c/a> from the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a pilot project is underway near Hayward that could revolutionize future tidal marsh restoration efforts, and pave the way for protecting property that rings the bay from rising sea levels that most scientists expect as climate change continues to warm the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Horizontal Levee” project at the Oro Loma Sanitary District is a first-of-its-kind effort designed to mimic the way historical marsh areas work, from filtering wastewater to protecting the shoreline against battering waves and erosion during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike traditional narrow levees or sea walls, “horizontal levees” are wider, with a gentle slope from dry land toward the bay that is similar to natural wetlands. They are designed to blunt the force of waves, preventing flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting thousands of native plants in the $9 million project is expected to begin Nov. 1, with the entire project taking about two years to complete. In addition to the wide, sloping levee, the plan also includes building a two-acre adjacent wetland area inside the levee near the Oro Loma sewage treatment plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new freshwater wetland area will hold up to 8 million gallons of overflow water in storms. The wide levee and the wetland will be covered with plants, and will naturally filter and clean treated wastewater from the sewage plant through thousands of rushes and sedges. It also will provide habitat for wildlife. If the project is successful, it could be duplicated around the bay, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-273868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Teen volunteers from EBRPD's "Teen EcoAction" lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay's nursery in Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teen volunteers from EBRPD’s “Teen EcoAction” lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay’s nursery in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Morgan Dill, EBRPD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can see more of the design in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.oroloma.org/asset/doc/ecotone/oro-loma-ecotone-public-outreach-brochure.pdf\">informational brochure\u003c/a> from the sanitary district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Olson, nursery manager for Save the Bay, explained that planners grew more than 60,000 native marsh plants for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plants were raised from seeds, hand collected last summer and early fall, or grown from cuttings taken from sites around the bay, including Sears Point, China Camp and East Bay Regional parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To grow the native plants, Save the Bay staff and volunteers installed 17 large raised beds near the restoration site in addition to two existing nursery areas in Oakland and Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 20 species, including creeping wild rye, Baltic rush, spikerush, basket sedge and field sedge, western ragweed, California blackberry and alkali bulrush are ready to be planted in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-273870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project. \u003ccite>(Vivian Reed, Save the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The work is the latest in wetland restoration efforts around the east and southern parts of the bay, the most prominent being the South Bay Salt Restoration Project, in which state and federal officials are converting thousands of acres of former Cargill Salt industrial evaporation ponds back into marshes for ducks, shorebirds and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are so excited about the Oro Loma project,” said Olson. “With the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project coming online, there is a lot of hope for tidal marsh and transition zones to be restored around the bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more about the “Horizontal Levee” project see \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\">“Are Wetlands Nature’s Best Defense Against Sea Level Rise?” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay and Delta were once ringed by a deep fringe of marshes. They acted as the lungs and kidneys of the ecosystem, filtering water and providing homes to millions of shorebirds, ducks, fish and other wildlife. But because of diking, dredging and filling before 1970 when modern environmental laws began to protect wetlands, the amount of tidal marsh around the bay and delta declined from roughly 555,000 acres in 1800 to about 40,000 acres by 2009 -– a drop of more than 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, tidal marsh protection and restoration has been a priority for public agencies and environmental groups, and more than 11,000 acres have been added or restored. You can see an \u003ca href=\"http://maps.californiawetlands.net/soter2015/tidalmarsh/map/index.php\">animation of the bay’s marsh history\u003c/a> from the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a pilot project is underway near Hayward that could revolutionize future tidal marsh restoration efforts, and pave the way for protecting property that rings the bay from rising sea levels that most scientists expect as climate change continues to warm the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Horizontal Levee” project at the Oro Loma Sanitary District is a first-of-its-kind effort designed to mimic the way historical marsh areas work, from filtering wastewater to protecting the shoreline against battering waves and erosion during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike traditional narrow levees or sea walls, “horizontal levees” are wider, with a gentle slope from dry land toward the bay that is similar to natural wetlands. They are designed to blunt the force of waves, preventing flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting thousands of native plants in the $9 million project is expected to begin Nov. 1, with the entire project taking about two years to complete. In addition to the wide, sloping levee, the plan also includes building a two-acre adjacent wetland area inside the levee near the Oro Loma sewage treatment plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new freshwater wetland area will hold up to 8 million gallons of overflow water in storms. The wide levee and the wetland will be covered with plants, and will naturally filter and clean treated wastewater from the sewage plant through thousands of rushes and sedges. It also will provide habitat for wildlife. If the project is successful, it could be duplicated around the bay, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-273868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Teen volunteers from EBRPD's "Teen EcoAction" lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay's nursery in Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teen volunteers from EBRPD’s “Teen EcoAction” lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay’s nursery in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Morgan Dill, EBRPD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can see more of the design in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.oroloma.org/asset/doc/ecotone/oro-loma-ecotone-public-outreach-brochure.pdf\">informational brochure\u003c/a> from the sanitary district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Olson, nursery manager for Save the Bay, explained that planners grew more than 60,000 native marsh plants for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plants were raised from seeds, hand collected last summer and early fall, or grown from cuttings taken from sites around the bay, including Sears Point, China Camp and East Bay Regional parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To grow the native plants, Save the Bay staff and volunteers installed 17 large raised beds near the restoration site in addition to two existing nursery areas in Oakland and Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 20 species, including creeping wild rye, Baltic rush, spikerush, basket sedge and field sedge, western ragweed, California blackberry and alkali bulrush are ready to be planted in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-273870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project. \u003ccite>(Vivian Reed, Save the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The work is the latest in wetland restoration efforts around the east and southern parts of the bay, the most prominent being the South Bay Salt Restoration Project, in which state and federal officials are converting thousands of acres of former Cargill Salt industrial evaporation ponds back into marshes for ducks, shorebirds and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are so excited about the Oro Loma project,” said Olson. “With the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project coming online, there is a lot of hope for tidal marsh and transition zones to be restored around the bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more about the “Horizontal Levee” project see \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\">“Are Wetlands Nature’s Best Defense Against Sea Level Rise?” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Non-Natives in California: Snails, Humans and Other Species",
"title": "Non-Natives in California: Snails, Humans and Other Species",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's September, and just about time for the chrysanthemums we've been nursing through the summer with buckets of dishwater to enjoy their autumn moment. Looking at the hundreds or thousands of unfolding buds on a recent morning in Berkeley, I noticed a familiar garden visitor: \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/sites/CalSnailsandSlugs/Californias_Pest_Snails_and_Slugs/Brown_Garden_Snail/\">Cornu aspersum\u003c/a>, also known as the brown snail, garden snail, brown garden snail, European garden snail, or European brown garden snail (in French, its common name is apparently petit-gris, or little gray). Some of the snails were young, smaller than the just-opening buds they're presumably feeding on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California's Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/sites/CalSnailsandSlugs/Californias_Pest_Snails_and_Slugs/\">reports\u003c/a> there are about 280 species of snails and slugs here in the Golden State, of which 242 are believed to be natives. Cornu aspersum (formerly Helix aspersa) is one of the many non-native species, including eucalyptus, striped bass and Homo sapiens, that make California what it is today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C. aspersum is native to the western Mediterranean, probably \u003ca href=\"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/18\">originating in North Africa\u003c/a> and migrating millions of years ago into Europe. Thanks to much more recent human genius and/or carelessness, the snail is reportedly now at home on every continent except that very cold one well to the south of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did this land mollusk come to California? I remember hearing when I had newly introduced myself into this bioregion that they were the same species as one served to gastrophiles as escargot. In fact, I was told that Bay Area locals had been known to capture snails, feed them cornmeal to cleanse their digestive systems of whatever vile material they might have been eating, then consume them. I can't say I've ever met someone who claims to have done this themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The April 27, 1900, number of the journal Science includes an article titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/1625809?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">Exotic Mollusca in California\u003c/a>,\" by Robert Edwards Carter Stearns of Los Angeles. Stearns related a very specific genesis story for the European snails in California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"This species was intentionally introduced or 'planted' in Calfornia over 40 years ago by Mr. A. Delmas, of San José, Santa Clara county, who brought the stock from France and turned it out among the vineyards on the west bank of the Guadalupe, a small river that flows northerly through Santa Clara Valley and empties into the southerly end of San Francisco bay near Alviso. The soil where the snails were placed is a rich sandy loam and the place well shaded. When the summer heats reach the maximum, the \u003ci>Helices\u003c/i> descend into the ground several feet, hiding in the cracks that form, as the ground dries, and the gopher-holes also furnish cool retreats and protection. The region above named is one of exceeding fertility. It was settled by a few French families. The introduction of \u003ci>H. aspersa\u003c/i> by Mr. Delmas was made for edible purposes, or in common parlance 'with an eye to the pot.' Mrs. Bush, of the Normal School in San José, informs me that the snails have thriven, and have extended their territory from the starting point on the west bank of the stream to the easterly side, and have multiplied to such an extent, that in some instances they are troublesome in the gardens.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Stearns also reported Delmas had planted the snails in San Francisco, where they did not do well at first, and Los Angeles, where they apparently thrived. By 1900, it had taken hold in other locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A. Delmas,\" it turns out, was Antoine Delmas, a French émigré who had arrived in California in 1849. He established a nursery and vineyards in the Santa Clara Valley and is credited in \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520213517\">A Companion to California Wine\u003c/a>\" with being the first to import French wine-grape vines, including merlot and cabernet, into the state. Another claim for Delmas: that he \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/26/garden/wine-talk-538886.html\">brought an obscure varietal\u003c/a> to California that became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/winefactsheets/article99\">zinfandel.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the grapes, the wine and the snails, that's a big mark for one man to have made on this place.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's September, and just about time for the chrysanthemums we've been nursing through the summer with buckets of dishwater to enjoy their autumn moment. Looking at the hundreds or thousands of unfolding buds on a recent morning in Berkeley, I noticed a familiar garden visitor: \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/sites/CalSnailsandSlugs/Californias_Pest_Snails_and_Slugs/Brown_Garden_Snail/\">Cornu aspersum\u003c/a>, also known as the brown snail, garden snail, brown garden snail, European garden snail, or European brown garden snail (in French, its common name is apparently petit-gris, or little gray). Some of the snails were young, smaller than the just-opening buds they're presumably feeding on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California's Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/sites/CalSnailsandSlugs/Californias_Pest_Snails_and_Slugs/\">reports\u003c/a> there are about 280 species of snails and slugs here in the Golden State, of which 242 are believed to be natives. Cornu aspersum (formerly Helix aspersa) is one of the many non-native species, including eucalyptus, striped bass and Homo sapiens, that make California what it is today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C. aspersum is native to the western Mediterranean, probably \u003ca href=\"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/18\">originating in North Africa\u003c/a> and migrating millions of years ago into Europe. Thanks to much more recent human genius and/or carelessness, the snail is reportedly now at home on every continent except that very cold one well to the south of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did this land mollusk come to California? I remember hearing when I had newly introduced myself into this bioregion that they were the same species as one served to gastrophiles as escargot. In fact, I was told that Bay Area locals had been known to capture snails, feed them cornmeal to cleanse their digestive systems of whatever vile material they might have been eating, then consume them. I can't say I've ever met someone who claims to have done this themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The April 27, 1900, number of the journal Science includes an article titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/1625809?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">Exotic Mollusca in California\u003c/a>,\" by Robert Edwards Carter Stearns of Los Angeles. Stearns related a very specific genesis story for the European snails in California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"This species was intentionally introduced or 'planted' in Calfornia over 40 years ago by Mr. A. Delmas, of San José, Santa Clara county, who brought the stock from France and turned it out among the vineyards on the west bank of the Guadalupe, a small river that flows northerly through Santa Clara Valley and empties into the southerly end of San Francisco bay near Alviso. The soil where the snails were placed is a rich sandy loam and the place well shaded. When the summer heats reach the maximum, the \u003ci>Helices\u003c/i> descend into the ground several feet, hiding in the cracks that form, as the ground dries, and the gopher-holes also furnish cool retreats and protection. The region above named is one of exceeding fertility. It was settled by a few French families. The introduction of \u003ci>H. aspersa\u003c/i> by Mr. Delmas was made for edible purposes, or in common parlance 'with an eye to the pot.' Mrs. Bush, of the Normal School in San José, informs me that the snails have thriven, and have extended their territory from the starting point on the west bank of the stream to the easterly side, and have multiplied to such an extent, that in some instances they are troublesome in the gardens.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Stearns also reported Delmas had planted the snails in San Francisco, where they did not do well at first, and Los Angeles, where they apparently thrived. By 1900, it had taken hold in other locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A. Delmas,\" it turns out, was Antoine Delmas, a French émigré who had arrived in California in 1849. He established a nursery and vineyards in the Santa Clara Valley and is credited in \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520213517\">A Companion to California Wine\u003c/a>\" with being the first to import French wine-grape vines, including merlot and cabernet, into the state. Another claim for Delmas: that he \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/26/garden/wine-talk-538886.html\">brought an obscure varietal\u003c/a> to California that became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/winefactsheets/article99\">zinfandel.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the grapes, the wine and the snails, that's a big mark for one man to have made on this place.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "State Officials Scrambling to Adjust to Year-Round Fire Season",
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"content": "\u003cp>The ongoing drought, combined with slower but significant shifts brought about by climate change, is changing the way California’s largest fire protection agency does business, according to state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire season \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.claimsjournal.com/news/west/2015/09/17/265796.htm\">isn’t limited to the summer and fall anymore\u003c/a> — wildfires have \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.ksby.com/story/30092672/california-hit-with-worst-wildfire-season-ever\">become a year-round threat that \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/24/Changes-for-Cal-Fire-budget-with-extended-fire-threats\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/24/Changes-for-Cal-Fire-budget-with-extended-fire-threats\" target=\"_self\" title=\"State Officials Scrambling to Adjust to Year-Round Fire Season\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "The ongoing drought, combined with slower but significant shifts brought about by climate change, is changing the way California's largest fire protection agency does business, according to state officials. Fire season isn't limited to the summer and fall anymore — wildfires have become a year-round threat that Read More ... Source:: Newsfix – Science",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The ongoing drought, combined with slower but significant shifts brought about by climate change, is changing the way California’s largest fire protection agency does business, according to state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire season \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.claimsjournal.com/news/west/2015/09/17/265796.htm\">isn’t limited to the summer and fall anymore\u003c/a> — wildfires have \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.ksby.com/story/30092672/california-hit-with-worst-wildfire-season-ever\">become a year-round threat that \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/24/Changes-for-Cal-Fire-budget-with-extended-fire-threats\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/24/Changes-for-Cal-Fire-budget-with-extended-fire-threats\" target=\"_self\" title=\"State Officials Scrambling to Adjust to Year-Round Fire Season\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Lake County Cracks Down on Looting of Native American Artifacts",
"title": "Lake County Cracks Down on Looting of Native American Artifacts",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The wildfires ravaging Lake County this summer might have an impact unnoticed by most people: the increased looting of ancient Native American artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local Pomo residents worry that the fires, which have cleared trees and structures off land, and the drought, which has lowered water levels at Clear Lake, are making it easier for looters to unearth relics that belonged to their ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225040171\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although theft at Native American sites is nothing new, local sheriff's deputies are being trained for the first time in how to identify and investigate these crimes. That led to the arrest last month of a man suspected of stealing obsidian arrowheads and other artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case may be the first arrest of its kind in Lake County, according to the Lake County Sheriff’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cultural treasures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obsidian cutting tools at the center of this case look similar to the arrowheads that Batsulwin Brown is pulling out of a small box at Big Valley Rancheria near the city of Lakeport. The reservation is home to Pomo Indians who have a long history of hunting and fishing in Clear Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake wholly within the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, tribal historic preservation officer at Big Valley, picks through the arrowheads, which he estimates are at least 500 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10692360\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10692360\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Obsidian spear and arrowheads such as these at the Big Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians in Lake County may fetch hundreds of dollars in the black market. Local Pomo people want to recover these items and stop these crimes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-800x562.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-400x281.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-1440x1011.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-1180x828.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-960x674.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obsidian spear and arrowheads such as these at the Big Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians in Lake County may fetch hundreds of dollars in the black market. Local Pomo people want to recover these items and stop these crimes. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the most defined pieces here. Feel the edges. It still has a very sharp edge,” says Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, he carefully removes a collection of clam shell beads from labeled plastic bags. He estimates these beads are about 5,000 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are fragile. You can see some of the white residue coming on my fingers from the shells,” says Brown, adding that local authorities returned these beads to the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians after a landowner dug them up from his garden and turned them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Brown, these artifacts are invaluable. They connect today’s Pomo to their ancestors in a physical way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Helps paint a picture for us of what went on out there if we don’t have any members or direct descendants who lived at that site to give us more information,” says Brown, who grew up at the Elem Pomo reservation near the town of Clearlake Oaks, playing at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/superfund/eparecovery/sulphur_bank.html\" target=\"_blank\">Superfund site\u003c/a> next door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He considers the mercury pollution from that mine, which he says led to deadly cancers among his relatives, as one of many injustices faced by local tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10692355\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10692355 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-800x489.jpg\" alt=\"Batsulwin Brown, tribal historic preservation officer for the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians, at Clear Lake on Sept. 10. Brown is concerned that the lake’s drop in water levels and wildfires are making archaeological sites easier to loot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"489\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-800x489.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-400x244.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-1440x880.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-1180x721.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-960x587.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Batsulwin Brown, tribal historic preservation officer for the Big Valley Rancheria at Clear Lake on Sept. 10. Brown is concerned that wildfires and the lake’s drop in water levels are making archaeological sites more accessible to looters. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of the healing needed by Native American communities, says Brown, is brought about by piecing together their rich history from ancient artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brown and other native residents fear that in many cases, tools, effigies and other remains from Pomo archaeological sites are stolen for commercial gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The arrest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 22, Lake County Deputy Sheriff Richard Kreutzer discovered obsidian cutting tools and other artifacts inside the van of a man he suspected of being high on methamphetamines and trespassing on private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I booked him on felony possession of these artifacts, and the investigation is ongoing,” says Kreutzer, who has worked with the sheriff’s office since 2012. “I’m currently trying to confirm where the items were removed from to bring this evidence to a judge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685641\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10685641 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two days after receiving a training on archaeological crimes, Lake County Deputy Sheriff Richard Kreutzer arrested a transient man suspected of looting Native American artifacts on August 22. This arrest may be the first its kind in Lake County. Kreutzer was photographed at the Sheriff's offices in Lakeport.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two days after receiving a training on archaeological crimes, Lake County Deputy Sheriff Richard Kreutzer arrested a transient man suspected of looting Native American artifacts on Aug. 22. This arrest may be the first its kind in Lake County. Kreutzer was photographed at the Sheriff's offices in Lakeport. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The arrest came only two days after Kreutzer and other deputies took an intensive, three-day training on archeological crimes. The event was co-hosted by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.koination.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Koi Nation of Northern California\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.upperlakepomo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake\u003c/a> and Kreutzer’s boss, Sheriff Brian Martin, who took office this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal and state laws prohibit people from taking these artifacts. In California, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/sen/sb_1801-1850/sb_1816_bill_20020630_amended_asm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Native American Historic Resource Protection Act\u003c/a> punishes the unlawful excavation or destruction of Native American sites as a misdemeanor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until now, this law hadn't been enforced here. That is why the sheriff’s office says this arrest might be the first of its kind in Lake County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In all honesty, I might have come across these types of things in other calls but didn’t necessarily knew what they were,” says Kreutzer. “Now thanks to this training ... we are a little more aware of what we are looking at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forensic archaeologist Martin McAllister led the training and has worked on hundreds of cases involving looters in Arizona and other parts of the country since 1977. He says archaeological crimes are frequently connected to drug use, especially meth, with looters selling relics to buy drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10692364\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10692364 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Clam shell beads and an obsidian spearhead are some of the items recovered by the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians near Clear Lake.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-1440x955.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-960x637.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clam shell beads and an obsidian spearhead were recovered by the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians near the city of Lakeport. A local landowner found the beads in his property and turned them in to local authorities, while the Big Valley historic preservation team identified the spearhead during a public works project. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Typically (looters) are going to be high on some type of drug like methamphetamine. They are going to be armed, and they know what they are doing is illegal, so it can create a very dangerous situation out there on the ground,” says McAllister by phone from Missoula, Montana, where he resides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAllister says that once these items wind up in the black market, they can fetch big money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a multimillion-dollar industry here in the United States,” says McAllister, adding that the international black market for all archaeologically significant items is estimated at $7 billion. “It’s second only to drugs and weapons, in terms of the amount of money it generates every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high incidence of meth use in Lake County likely plays a role in looting, says McAllister. Lake County leads the state's 58 counties in terms of drug-induced deaths, according to the most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/ohir/Documents/OHIRProfiles2015.pdf\">figures\u003c/a> from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAllister says that drought conditions and wildfires are exposing archaeological sites around Clear Lake that were not visible, making these potential troves more accessible than before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildfires and drought increase access in Lake County\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires raging in the area since July have burned vegetation and structures in 171,000 acres so far. At the same time, the state’s four-year drought is making Clear Lake’s shoreline recede as water levels drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2011, Clear Lake’s water levels were about 2 feet higher than today, says Andrew Watson, field office chief at the U.S. Geological Survey Ukiah branch. During a wet year such as 1984, water levels were 10 feet higher than today, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"tv6V4uHzKsYZriZwzLbfJiFDY0J1FgoL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dino Beltran, from the Koi Nation, says the theft of Native American relics has occurred for many decades, regardless of the weather. He first alerted authorities to these crimes after he spotted a pair of suspicious diggers on marshland near his ancestral home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People trying to benefit from somebody else's belongings that should be left on the ground,” says Beltran, who pushed for the training with local law enforcement. “I mean they are sacred objects. You don’t see Native Americans going to a cemetery and digging up the cemetery, so why would anyone want to do anything sacrilegious to a Native American site?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the looting case in Lake County is still under investigation, the sheriff’s office and Beltran believe that the items recovered by Kreutzer are most likely from the Koi Nation. The suspect was released on bail a few days after the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Sheriff's deputies are being trained for the first time on how to identify and investigate these crimes. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The wildfires ravaging Lake County this summer might have an impact unnoticed by most people: the increased looting of ancient Native American artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local Pomo residents worry that the fires, which have cleared trees and structures off land, and the drought, which has lowered water levels at Clear Lake, are making it easier for looters to unearth relics that belonged to their ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225040171&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225040171'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although theft at Native American sites is nothing new, local sheriff's deputies are being trained for the first time in how to identify and investigate these crimes. That led to the arrest last month of a man suspected of stealing obsidian arrowheads and other artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case may be the first arrest of its kind in Lake County, according to the Lake County Sheriff’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cultural treasures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obsidian cutting tools at the center of this case look similar to the arrowheads that Batsulwin Brown is pulling out of a small box at Big Valley Rancheria near the city of Lakeport. The reservation is home to Pomo Indians who have a long history of hunting and fishing in Clear Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake wholly within the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, tribal historic preservation officer at Big Valley, picks through the arrowheads, which he estimates are at least 500 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10692360\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10692360\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Obsidian spear and arrowheads such as these at the Big Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians in Lake County may fetch hundreds of dollars in the black market. Local Pomo people want to recover these items and stop these crimes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-800x562.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-400x281.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-1440x1011.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-1180x828.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ObsidianHeads-960x674.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obsidian spear and arrowheads such as these at the Big Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians in Lake County may fetch hundreds of dollars in the black market. Local Pomo people want to recover these items and stop these crimes. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the most defined pieces here. Feel the edges. It still has a very sharp edge,” says Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, he carefully removes a collection of clam shell beads from labeled plastic bags. He estimates these beads are about 5,000 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are fragile. You can see some of the white residue coming on my fingers from the shells,” says Brown, adding that local authorities returned these beads to the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians after a landowner dug them up from his garden and turned them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Brown, these artifacts are invaluable. They connect today’s Pomo to their ancestors in a physical way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Helps paint a picture for us of what went on out there if we don’t have any members or direct descendants who lived at that site to give us more information,” says Brown, who grew up at the Elem Pomo reservation near the town of Clearlake Oaks, playing at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/superfund/eparecovery/sulphur_bank.html\" target=\"_blank\">Superfund site\u003c/a> next door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He considers the mercury pollution from that mine, which he says led to deadly cancers among his relatives, as one of many injustices faced by local tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10692355\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10692355 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-800x489.jpg\" alt=\"Batsulwin Brown, tribal historic preservation officer for the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians, at Clear Lake on Sept. 10. Brown is concerned that the lake’s drop in water levels and wildfires are making archaeological sites easier to loot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"489\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-800x489.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-400x244.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-1440x880.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-1180x721.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BatsulwinBrown-960x587.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Batsulwin Brown, tribal historic preservation officer for the Big Valley Rancheria at Clear Lake on Sept. 10. Brown is concerned that wildfires and the lake’s drop in water levels are making archaeological sites more accessible to looters. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of the healing needed by Native American communities, says Brown, is brought about by piecing together their rich history from ancient artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brown and other native residents fear that in many cases, tools, effigies and other remains from Pomo archaeological sites are stolen for commercial gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The arrest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 22, Lake County Deputy Sheriff Richard Kreutzer discovered obsidian cutting tools and other artifacts inside the van of a man he suspected of being high on methamphetamines and trespassing on private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I booked him on felony possession of these artifacts, and the investigation is ongoing,” says Kreutzer, who has worked with the sheriff’s office since 2012. “I’m currently trying to confirm where the items were removed from to bring this evidence to a judge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685641\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10685641 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two days after receiving a training on archaeological crimes, Lake County Deputy Sheriff Richard Kreutzer arrested a transient man suspected of looting Native American artifacts on August 22. This arrest may be the first its kind in Lake County. Kreutzer was photographed at the Sheriff's offices in Lakeport.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16686_IMG_9481.JPG-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two days after receiving a training on archaeological crimes, Lake County Deputy Sheriff Richard Kreutzer arrested a transient man suspected of looting Native American artifacts on Aug. 22. This arrest may be the first its kind in Lake County. Kreutzer was photographed at the Sheriff's offices in Lakeport. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The arrest came only two days after Kreutzer and other deputies took an intensive, three-day training on archeological crimes. The event was co-hosted by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.koination.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Koi Nation of Northern California\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.upperlakepomo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake\u003c/a> and Kreutzer’s boss, Sheriff Brian Martin, who took office this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal and state laws prohibit people from taking these artifacts. In California, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/sen/sb_1801-1850/sb_1816_bill_20020630_amended_asm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Native American Historic Resource Protection Act\u003c/a> punishes the unlawful excavation or destruction of Native American sites as a misdemeanor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until now, this law hadn't been enforced here. That is why the sheriff’s office says this arrest might be the first of its kind in Lake County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In all honesty, I might have come across these types of things in other calls but didn’t necessarily knew what they were,” says Kreutzer. “Now thanks to this training ... we are a little more aware of what we are looking at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forensic archaeologist Martin McAllister led the training and has worked on hundreds of cases involving looters in Arizona and other parts of the country since 1977. He says archaeological crimes are frequently connected to drug use, especially meth, with looters selling relics to buy drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10692364\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10692364 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Clam shell beads and an obsidian spearhead are some of the items recovered by the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians near Clear Lake.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-1440x955.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/BeadsAndHead-960x637.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clam shell beads and an obsidian spearhead were recovered by the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians near the city of Lakeport. A local landowner found the beads in his property and turned them in to local authorities, while the Big Valley historic preservation team identified the spearhead during a public works project. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Typically (looters) are going to be high on some type of drug like methamphetamine. They are going to be armed, and they know what they are doing is illegal, so it can create a very dangerous situation out there on the ground,” says McAllister by phone from Missoula, Montana, where he resides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAllister says that once these items wind up in the black market, they can fetch big money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a multimillion-dollar industry here in the United States,” says McAllister, adding that the international black market for all archaeologically significant items is estimated at $7 billion. “It’s second only to drugs and weapons, in terms of the amount of money it generates every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high incidence of meth use in Lake County likely plays a role in looting, says McAllister. Lake County leads the state's 58 counties in terms of drug-induced deaths, according to the most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/ohir/Documents/OHIRProfiles2015.pdf\">figures\u003c/a> from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAllister says that drought conditions and wildfires are exposing archaeological sites around Clear Lake that were not visible, making these potential troves more accessible than before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildfires and drought increase access in Lake County\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires raging in the area since July have burned vegetation and structures in 171,000 acres so far. At the same time, the state’s four-year drought is making Clear Lake’s shoreline recede as water levels drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2011, Clear Lake’s water levels were about 2 feet higher than today, says Andrew Watson, field office chief at the U.S. Geological Survey Ukiah branch. During a wet year such as 1984, water levels were 10 feet higher than today, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dino Beltran, from the Koi Nation, says the theft of Native American relics has occurred for many decades, regardless of the weather. He first alerted authorities to these crimes after he spotted a pair of suspicious diggers on marshland near his ancestral home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People trying to benefit from somebody else's belongings that should be left on the ground,” says Beltran, who pushed for the training with local law enforcement. “I mean they are sacred objects. You don’t see Native Americans going to a cemetery and digging up the cemetery, so why would anyone want to do anything sacrilegious to a Native American site?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the looting case in Lake County is still under investigation, the sheriff’s office and Beltran believe that the items recovered by Kreutzer are most likely from the Koi Nation. The suspect was released on bail a few days after the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oakland City Council Moves to Block Coal at New Port Terminal",
"title": "Oakland City Council Moves to Block Coal at New Port Terminal",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>City officials may be able to block the export of coal and other fossil fuels from a new \u003ca href=\"http://obotjv.com/\" target=\"_blank\">shipping terminal\u003c/a> being built on the old Oakland Army Base -- if they find those exports seriously threaten the health and safety of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council will hold a \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=434019&GUID=8C6DEBA2-0CFE-46C5-9481-7F6AA7FE719A&Options=info&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">public hearing\u003c/a> Monday to collect testimony on the potential health risks of transporting millions of tons of coal and petroleum byproducts through Oakland each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of discussion going on in the community,” city spokeswoman Karen Boyd said. “[The] council wants to be well-informed and really wants to hear from the community, and that’s why they devoted extra time to the issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilman Dan Kalb called for the hearing after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/oakland-mayor-port-developer-in-dispute-over-plan-to-ship-coal\" target=\"_blank\">news broke\u003c/a> that four coal-producing counties in Utah wanted to invest $53 million to be able to ship \"energy commodities\" through the West Oakland terminal, which is expected to open in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalb and other city leaders say coal exports would violate Oakland's 2014 resolution opposing the transportation of coal and petroleum coke, an oil refinery byproduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the council passed that resolution after city officials agreed to let California Capital and Investment Group develop the export terminal and approved an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceqanet.ca.gov/NODdescription.asp?DocPK=662627\" target=\"_blank\">environmental review\u003c/a> of the $260 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oakland city \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=2386009&GUID=D136342F-CA09-445D-8C24-AE4D3593C7CB&Options=&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">staff report\u003c/a> issued earlier this month says the agreement with CCIG is subject only to regulations that existed at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff analysis of the issue found the only way for the City Council to bar the terminal's handling of coal and petcoke would be to demonstrate those exports put the health and safety of residents at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jess Dervin-Ackerman of the Sierra Club says there's plenty of proof of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have full confidence that the evidence presented at the hearing will allow the City Council to ban petcoke and coal from going through the development,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal, or OBOT, is expected to be completed in 2017 and handle up to 9 million tons of commodities a year, brought in by rail and loaded onto ships bound for other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal could make up nearly half those exports, according to the terminal’s builder and operator, Terminal Logistics Solutions. That’s 4.2 million tons of coal passing by rail through Oakland and other Bay Area cities every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to city officials, Earthjustice attorney Irene Gutierrez wrote that coal was not considered in any of the environmental reviews of the project, and she urged Oakland officials to reject development of a coal terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Exporting coal from Oakland will have many negative impacts on community health and the environment,\" Gutierrez argued, \"and violates commitments made by state and local officials to reduce climate change forcing greenhouse gas emissions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a response, David Smith, an attorney for the Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal, wrote that coal was one of many legal commodities city officials knew might be exported from the facility when they agreed to the development. Backing out of the deal now, or slowing its progress, Smith warned, would expose Oakland to significant legal damages and impede economic development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday's hearing at City Hall starts at 4 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Testimony at a public hearing in Oakland could help prove city's case. Developer threatens legal action.",
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"headline": "Oakland City Council Moves to Block Coal at New Port Terminal",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>City officials may be able to block the export of coal and other fossil fuels from a new \u003ca href=\"http://obotjv.com/\" target=\"_blank\">shipping terminal\u003c/a> being built on the old Oakland Army Base -- if they find those exports seriously threaten the health and safety of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council will hold a \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=434019&GUID=8C6DEBA2-0CFE-46C5-9481-7F6AA7FE719A&Options=info&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">public hearing\u003c/a> Monday to collect testimony on the potential health risks of transporting millions of tons of coal and petroleum byproducts through Oakland each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of discussion going on in the community,” city spokeswoman Karen Boyd said. “[The] council wants to be well-informed and really wants to hear from the community, and that’s why they devoted extra time to the issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilman Dan Kalb called for the hearing after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/oakland-mayor-port-developer-in-dispute-over-plan-to-ship-coal\" target=\"_blank\">news broke\u003c/a> that four coal-producing counties in Utah wanted to invest $53 million to be able to ship \"energy commodities\" through the West Oakland terminal, which is expected to open in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalb and other city leaders say coal exports would violate Oakland's 2014 resolution opposing the transportation of coal and petroleum coke, an oil refinery byproduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the council passed that resolution after city officials agreed to let California Capital and Investment Group develop the export terminal and approved an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceqanet.ca.gov/NODdescription.asp?DocPK=662627\" target=\"_blank\">environmental review\u003c/a> of the $260 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oakland city \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=2386009&GUID=D136342F-CA09-445D-8C24-AE4D3593C7CB&Options=&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">staff report\u003c/a> issued earlier this month says the agreement with CCIG is subject only to regulations that existed at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff analysis of the issue found the only way for the City Council to bar the terminal's handling of coal and petcoke would be to demonstrate those exports put the health and safety of residents at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jess Dervin-Ackerman of the Sierra Club says there's plenty of proof of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have full confidence that the evidence presented at the hearing will allow the City Council to ban petcoke and coal from going through the development,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal, or OBOT, is expected to be completed in 2017 and handle up to 9 million tons of commodities a year, brought in by rail and loaded onto ships bound for other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal could make up nearly half those exports, according to the terminal’s builder and operator, Terminal Logistics Solutions. That’s 4.2 million tons of coal passing by rail through Oakland and other Bay Area cities every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to city officials, Earthjustice attorney Irene Gutierrez wrote that coal was not considered in any of the environmental reviews of the project, and she urged Oakland officials to reject development of a coal terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Exporting coal from Oakland will have many negative impacts on community health and the environment,\" Gutierrez argued, \"and violates commitments made by state and local officials to reduce climate change forcing greenhouse gas emissions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a response, David Smith, an attorney for the Oakland Bulk and Oversized Terminal, wrote that coal was one of many legal commodities city officials knew might be exported from the facility when they agreed to the development. Backing out of the deal now, or slowing its progress, Smith warned, would expose Oakland to significant legal damages and impede economic development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday's hearing at City Hall starts at 4 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As Californians Save Water, Districts Lose Money",
"headTitle": "As Californians Save Water, Districts Lose Money | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/09/ConservationCosts.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area water districts have posted big water conservation numbers this summer, some upwards of 40 percent. But saving water can have a hidden downside for those agencies: budget troubles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As cities and water suppliers see their drought conservation campaigns pay off, they’re selling less water to their customers. That often means bringing in far less revenue than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top Conservationists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation ethos is hard to ignore in Pleasanton, where it’s common to see pickup trucks carrying large, 300-gallon water tanks in the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents fill them up with free, recycled water from the local wastewater treatment plant. It’s not drinking-water quality, but it’s clean enough for watering plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“There is a gap in the revenue. Last year, we were probably around a million under what we would have been otherwise.”\u003ccite>Dan Martin,\u003cbr>\nPleasanton Utilities Superintendent\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Warren Vest visits weekly. “You have to put signs up that you’re using this or your neighbors get all bent out of shape, you know,” he said. “They think you’re using all the drinking water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Pleasanton has ranked among the top water savers in the state. In July, it cut water use nearly in half compared to two years ago, more than meeting mandatory conservation standards from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really is amazing, the level of conservation,” said Dan Martin, utilities superintendent for the city. The drought campaign started more than a year ago, when the city’s wholesale supplier warned deliveries would be cut severely due to the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleasanton used public outreach, appliance and lawn replacement rebates, and some tougher measures. Heavy water users who didn’t cut back saw a $50 fine on their bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that was a little controversial,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the water savings stacked up over the months, the agency watched its income shrink a little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a gap in the revenue,” said Martin. “Last year, we were probably around a million under what we would have been otherwise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_260365\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 402px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-260365\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-400x336.jpg\" alt=\"A green lawn in Pleasanton comes with a disclaimer.\" width=\"402\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-400x336.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-800x672.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-1180x991.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-960x806.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2.jpg 1420w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A green lawn in Pleasanton comes with a disclaimer. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water agencies save some costs when they deliver less water; for example, they need fewer chemicals to treat water and need to buy less water itself. But the majority of other costs are fixed, including running treatment plants, paying off infrastructure and paying workers’ salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make up the shortfall, Pleasanton used funds that would have been spent on maintaining the water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which is okay to do for a short term, but is really, really detrimental to the utility over the long-term,” Martin said, “because that’s how you end up with pipes and facilities that are past their useful life and you don’t have the money to pay to replace them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other water agencies are facing the same shortfalls, some in the tens of millions of dollars. But a short hop down the road from Pleasanton, it’s an entirely different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drought Rates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hitting the number we need to,” said Daniel McIntyre of the Dublin San Ramon Services District. “We’re not seeing any kind of financial trauma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agency has also conserved a lot of water — 45 percent in July. But more than a year ago, it implemented water conservation rates for its customers. A small surcharge is added to each gallon of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“No one could have anticipated the severity of this drought. But this shouldn’t be a surprise to anyone, and there definitely should have been more preparation taking place.”\u003ccite>Johanna Dyer, Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Customers that don’t conserve see their bills go up, but those who are cutting back generally see little change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your bill is going to stay substantially flat,” McIntyre said. That keeps the agency’s revenue from declining below expectations. McIntyre says they set up these emergency rates years ago, so they’d be ready to go when a drought hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s definitely been a wake-up call for many agencies,” said Johanna Dyer of the Natural Resources Defense Council. She says most California water agencies don’t have drought rates in place, and are now paying the price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one could have anticipated the severity of this drought,” she said. “But this shouldn’t be a surprise to anyone, and there definitely should have been more preparation taking place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cities, including Pleasanton, are trying to get drought rates approved now, but the process takes six months or longer. By then, they’ll have dug an even deeper financial hole – one their customers could be paying off for some time.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area water districts have posted big water conservation numbers this summer, some upwards of 40 percent. But saving water can have a hidden downside for those agencies: budget troubles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As cities and water suppliers see their drought conservation campaigns pay off, they’re selling less water to their customers. That often means bringing in far less revenue than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top Conservationists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation ethos is hard to ignore in Pleasanton, where it’s common to see pickup trucks carrying large, 300-gallon water tanks in the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents fill them up with free, recycled water from the local wastewater treatment plant. It’s not drinking-water quality, but it’s clean enough for watering plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“There is a gap in the revenue. Last year, we were probably around a million under what we would have been otherwise.”\u003ccite>Dan Martin,\u003cbr>\nPleasanton Utilities Superintendent\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Warren Vest visits weekly. “You have to put signs up that you’re using this or your neighbors get all bent out of shape, you know,” he said. “They think you’re using all the drinking water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Pleasanton has ranked among the top water savers in the state. In July, it cut water use nearly in half compared to two years ago, more than meeting mandatory conservation standards from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really is amazing, the level of conservation,” said Dan Martin, utilities superintendent for the city. The drought campaign started more than a year ago, when the city’s wholesale supplier warned deliveries would be cut severely due to the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleasanton used public outreach, appliance and lawn replacement rebates, and some tougher measures. Heavy water users who didn’t cut back saw a $50 fine on their bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that was a little controversial,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the water savings stacked up over the months, the agency watched its income shrink a little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a gap in the revenue,” said Martin. “Last year, we were probably around a million under what we would have been otherwise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_260365\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 402px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-260365\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-400x336.jpg\" alt=\"A green lawn in Pleasanton comes with a disclaimer.\" width=\"402\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-400x336.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-800x672.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-1180x991.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2-960x806.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Lawn-Pleasanton2.jpg 1420w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A green lawn in Pleasanton comes with a disclaimer. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water agencies save some costs when they deliver less water; for example, they need fewer chemicals to treat water and need to buy less water itself. But the majority of other costs are fixed, including running treatment plants, paying off infrastructure and paying workers’ salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make up the shortfall, Pleasanton used funds that would have been spent on maintaining the water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which is okay to do for a short term, but is really, really detrimental to the utility over the long-term,” Martin said, “because that’s how you end up with pipes and facilities that are past their useful life and you don’t have the money to pay to replace them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other water agencies are facing the same shortfalls, some in the tens of millions of dollars. But a short hop down the road from Pleasanton, it’s an entirely different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drought Rates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hitting the number we need to,” said Daniel McIntyre of the Dublin San Ramon Services District. “We’re not seeing any kind of financial trauma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agency has also conserved a lot of water — 45 percent in July. But more than a year ago, it implemented water conservation rates for its customers. A small surcharge is added to each gallon of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“No one could have anticipated the severity of this drought. But this shouldn’t be a surprise to anyone, and there definitely should have been more preparation taking place.”\u003ccite>Johanna Dyer, Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Customers that don’t conserve see their bills go up, but those who are cutting back generally see little change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your bill is going to stay substantially flat,” McIntyre said. That keeps the agency’s revenue from declining below expectations. McIntyre says they set up these emergency rates years ago, so they’d be ready to go when a drought hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s definitely been a wake-up call for many agencies,” said Johanna Dyer of the Natural Resources Defense Council. She says most California water agencies don’t have drought rates in place, and are now paying the price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one could have anticipated the severity of this drought,” she said. “But this shouldn’t be a surprise to anyone, and there definitely should have been more preparation taking place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cities, including Pleasanton, are trying to get drought rates approved now, but the process takes six months or longer. By then, they’ll have dug an even deeper financial hole – one their customers could be paying off for some time.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Hundreds of Millions in Drought Relief Failing to Reach Many Californians",
"title": "Hundreds of Millions in Drought Relief Failing to Reach Many Californians",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The next time you bring home a case of those little 16-ounce bottles of water, imagine living out of them: pouring a little out every time you wash a dish and dumping them into buckets to shower or flush the toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Maria Medina’s family has done since their well went dry 18 months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I use just a little bit of water,” Medina explains in Spanish as she trickles water over a dirty plate. “It takes about half of one of these bottles to wash a single dish. I have to use enough water to get the soap off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medina, her husband and two children live in Okieville, a cluster of ramshackle houses and trailer homes in rural Tulare County. Originally settled by Dust Bowl migrants, the unincorporated community is now home to mostly Mexican farmworkers and their families. Because of the drought, many of them have seen their wells slow to a trickle -- or go completely dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A year and a half and no water. It’s really hard,” sighs Medina. “Okieville used to be such a pretty place. I had grass. Now I just have a poor dog chained up to a dead tree. The situation just feels so impossible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10686936\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10686936 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Medina, right, and her 20-year-old daughter Guadalupe outside their Okieville house, where they haven’t had running water for 18 months.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Medina, right, and her 20-year-old daughter, Guadalupe, outside their Okieville house, where they haven’t had running water for 18 months. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She and her 18-year-old son, Ricardo, fan themselves in their sweltering kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t even turn on the swamp cooler,” he says. “No water, no cooler.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m telling you,” his mother jokes. “Sometimes the only way we get a bath is from our own sweat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last year and a half, Gov. Jerry Brown has set aside $587 million for immediate emergency drought relief. But a third of that money still hasn’t been spent. And the Medinas have yet to see any of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where is it?” Medina asks, throwing her hands up in the air. “We’re here. And there isn’t any help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Communications Gap\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is that some families, like the Medinas, haven’t reported their dry wells to the county because they don’t know that help is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent open house for a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cset.org/droughtresources\">drought assistance center in nearby Porterville\u003c/a>, county officials and nonprofits tried to get the word out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/224884468\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your well goes dry, you want to sign up immediately for the bottled drinking water program,” advised Tulare County’s Melissa Withnell, “because you want to make sure you have water to drink.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withnell says Tulare County is \u003ca href=\"http://tularecounty.ca.gov/emergencies/index.cfm/drought/household-bottled-water-program/\">delivering bottles of water\u003c/a> to about 1,200 homes where wells have gone dry. \u003ca href=\"http://www.selfhelpenterprises.org/programs/community-development/drought-response/\">Another program\u003c/a> installs tanks of water at homes so people can shower and flush toilets. But the Medinas, who don’t own their home, don’t qualify for a tank because, so far, state funds can’t be used to pay for upgrades to rental properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as falling through the cracks, the people that might be are renters who live in homes that are without water,” explains Withnell. “Unfortunately, the county's not in a position where we can do any type of enforcement toward landlords.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a waiting list for homeowners, too. So far, the county has installed more than 360 tanks, although wells for more than 1,700 homes have gone dry. And yet Tulare County’s program is the most aggressive in the region. Nearby Fresno County has installed just eight household water tanks. The state estimates close to 150 homes in the county are without water, but there could be more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Flying Blind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have any way of keeping track of all the wells that have gone dry,” says Wayne Fox, with the Fresno County Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10686942\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago..jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10686942\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Alvaro Alvarez and his family had been out of water for almost 18 months before a county-sponsored nonprofit installed a water tank at their Porterville home last month. Neighbors shared water with them for months until their well ran dry, too.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alvaro Alvarez and his family had been out of water for almost 18 months before a county-sponsored nonprofit installed a water tank at their Porterville home last month. Neighbors shared water with them for months until their well ran dry, too. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To estimate the number of dry wells in the county, says Fox, they rely on state data combined with a list of county residents who’ve applied for permits to drill new wells on their property. But only homeowners who can potentially foot the bill for a new well -- typically thousands of dollars -- will be on that list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many counties don’t collect data on private wells serving individual homes. Yet it’s the counties that have to work out the best ways to provide relief, says Eric Lamoureux with the state Office of Emergency Services. His agency is coordinating drought relief with individual counties -- the state estimates that \u003ca href=\"http://ca.gov/drought/pdf/Weekly-Drought-Update.pdf\">some 12,000 household wells have gone dry in the drought\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never dealt with a drought response of this magnitude in California,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the state has distributed nearly 900,000 food boxes to food banks in drought-stricken communities and has distributed over $400,000 to help low-income families pay their water bills. That's an unprecedented level of assistance, according to Lamoureux, who acknowledges that water tank programs were slow to ramp up. Local agencies had to figure out how to build and install them, and the state had to find the water to fill them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This tank program was something we had never done in the history of California,” he says, “so understanding what the logistical challenges were going to be on the front end was very difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Failing Grade\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Omar Carillo, an advocate with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\">Community Water Center\u003c/a>, headquartered in Tulare County, says the state hasn’t worked fast enough for families like the Medinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is not an appropriate response,” he says. “If you have an individual home and they haven’t had water for 18 months, that is a big problem. That is a huge problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10686934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4272px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10686934\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108.jpg\" alt=\"Medina’s daughter Guadalupe prepares for dinner, pouring bottles of water into a pot to make macaroni and cheese. \" width=\"4272\" height=\"2848\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108.jpg 4272w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4272px) 100vw, 4272px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medina’s daughter, Guadalupe, prepares for dinner, pouring bottles of water into a pot to make macaroni and cheese. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He blames the state’s alphabet soup of agencies working to address the drought with different pockets of money, and questions whether the state’s emergency services office, which traditionally handles wildfires and earthquakes, is the most qualified agency to coordinate the efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Office of Emergency Services is more set up to address maybe more short-term needs,” he says, “but ultimately what we’re looking at here is a multiyear drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funds are earmarked for a range of emergency relief efforts, from drinking water to public showers to food boxes for farmworkers. State officials acknowledge the slow pace of spending, but point out that the vast majority of the nearly $4 billion in total drought funding is meant for longer-term construction projects, such as connecting homes to existing city water systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Maria Medina says she will stay in her house without water because she has no choice. The drought has cost her husband his longtime job in the cotton fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve looked,” Medina says. “We can’t move because another house is more expensive. And we can’t pay more; there’s no work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medina’s son, Ricardo, can’t even make money mowing lawns for his neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much I used to cut every yard out here; now, no water, no yard,” he shrugs. “I’m going down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has allocated about $6 million to help families relocate. But so far, none of that money has made its way to people like the Medinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a Bay Area nonprofit has launched a new online fundraising effort. Through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.droughtrelief.org/\">Drought Relief Fund\u003c/a>, individual Californians can donate to help fill in the gaps for families that have had no help from the state or county government.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State and county officials say they're in uncharted territory with the drought. ",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca>Kerry Klein and Sasha Khokha\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The next time you bring home a case of those little 16-ounce bottles of water, imagine living out of them: pouring a little out every time you wash a dish and dumping them into buckets to shower or flush the toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Maria Medina’s family has done since their well went dry 18 months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I use just a little bit of water,” Medina explains in Spanish as she trickles water over a dirty plate. “It takes about half of one of these bottles to wash a single dish. I have to use enough water to get the soap off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medina, her husband and two children live in Okieville, a cluster of ramshackle houses and trailer homes in rural Tulare County. Originally settled by Dust Bowl migrants, the unincorporated community is now home to mostly Mexican farmworkers and their families. Because of the drought, many of them have seen their wells slow to a trickle -- or go completely dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A year and a half and no water. It’s really hard,” sighs Medina. “Okieville used to be such a pretty place. I had grass. Now I just have a poor dog chained up to a dead tree. The situation just feels so impossible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10686936\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10686936 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Medina, right, and her 20-year-old daughter Guadalupe outside their Okieville house, where they haven’t had running water for 18 months.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9119-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Medina, right, and her 20-year-old daughter, Guadalupe, outside their Okieville house, where they haven’t had running water for 18 months. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She and her 18-year-old son, Ricardo, fan themselves in their sweltering kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t even turn on the swamp cooler,” he says. “No water, no cooler.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m telling you,” his mother jokes. “Sometimes the only way we get a bath is from our own sweat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last year and a half, Gov. Jerry Brown has set aside $587 million for immediate emergency drought relief. But a third of that money still hasn’t been spent. And the Medinas have yet to see any of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where is it?” Medina asks, throwing her hands up in the air. “We’re here. And there isn’t any help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Communications Gap\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is that some families, like the Medinas, haven’t reported their dry wells to the county because they don’t know that help is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent open house for a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cset.org/droughtresources\">drought assistance center in nearby Porterville\u003c/a>, county officials and nonprofits tried to get the word out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/224884468&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/224884468'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your well goes dry, you want to sign up immediately for the bottled drinking water program,” advised Tulare County’s Melissa Withnell, “because you want to make sure you have water to drink.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withnell says Tulare County is \u003ca href=\"http://tularecounty.ca.gov/emergencies/index.cfm/drought/household-bottled-water-program/\">delivering bottles of water\u003c/a> to about 1,200 homes where wells have gone dry. \u003ca href=\"http://www.selfhelpenterprises.org/programs/community-development/drought-response/\">Another program\u003c/a> installs tanks of water at homes so people can shower and flush toilets. But the Medinas, who don’t own their home, don’t qualify for a tank because, so far, state funds can’t be used to pay for upgrades to rental properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as falling through the cracks, the people that might be are renters who live in homes that are without water,” explains Withnell. “Unfortunately, the county's not in a position where we can do any type of enforcement toward landlords.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a waiting list for homeowners, too. So far, the county has installed more than 360 tanks, although wells for more than 1,700 homes have gone dry. And yet Tulare County’s program is the most aggressive in the region. Nearby Fresno County has installed just eight household water tanks. The state estimates close to 150 homes in the county are without water, but there could be more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Flying Blind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have any way of keeping track of all the wells that have gone dry,” says Wayne Fox, with the Fresno County Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10686942\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago..jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10686942\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Alvaro Alvarez and his family had been out of water for almost 18 months before a county-sponsored nonprofit installed a water tank at their Porterville home last month. Neighbors shared water with them for months until their well ran dry, too.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Alvaro-Alvarez-in-front-of-the-tank-installed-after-his-well-went-dry-a-year-and-a-half-ago.-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alvaro Alvarez and his family had been out of water for almost 18 months before a county-sponsored nonprofit installed a water tank at their Porterville home last month. Neighbors shared water with them for months until their well ran dry, too. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To estimate the number of dry wells in the county, says Fox, they rely on state data combined with a list of county residents who’ve applied for permits to drill new wells on their property. But only homeowners who can potentially foot the bill for a new well -- typically thousands of dollars -- will be on that list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many counties don’t collect data on private wells serving individual homes. Yet it’s the counties that have to work out the best ways to provide relief, says Eric Lamoureux with the state Office of Emergency Services. His agency is coordinating drought relief with individual counties -- the state estimates that \u003ca href=\"http://ca.gov/drought/pdf/Weekly-Drought-Update.pdf\">some 12,000 household wells have gone dry in the drought\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never dealt with a drought response of this magnitude in California,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the state has distributed nearly 900,000 food boxes to food banks in drought-stricken communities and has distributed over $400,000 to help low-income families pay their water bills. That's an unprecedented level of assistance, according to Lamoureux, who acknowledges that water tank programs were slow to ramp up. Local agencies had to figure out how to build and install them, and the state had to find the water to fill them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This tank program was something we had never done in the history of California,” he says, “so understanding what the logistical challenges were going to be on the front end was very difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Failing Grade\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Omar Carillo, an advocate with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\">Community Water Center\u003c/a>, headquartered in Tulare County, says the state hasn’t worked fast enough for families like the Medinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is not an appropriate response,” he says. “If you have an individual home and they haven’t had water for 18 months, that is a big problem. That is a huge problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10686934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4272px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10686934\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108.jpg\" alt=\"Medina’s daughter Guadalupe prepares for dinner, pouring bottles of water into a pot to make macaroni and cheese. \" width=\"4272\" height=\"2848\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108.jpg 4272w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_9108-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4272px) 100vw, 4272px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medina’s daughter, Guadalupe, prepares for dinner, pouring bottles of water into a pot to make macaroni and cheese. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He blames the state’s alphabet soup of agencies working to address the drought with different pockets of money, and questions whether the state’s emergency services office, which traditionally handles wildfires and earthquakes, is the most qualified agency to coordinate the efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Office of Emergency Services is more set up to address maybe more short-term needs,” he says, “but ultimately what we’re looking at here is a multiyear drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funds are earmarked for a range of emergency relief efforts, from drinking water to public showers to food boxes for farmworkers. State officials acknowledge the slow pace of spending, but point out that the vast majority of the nearly $4 billion in total drought funding is meant for longer-term construction projects, such as connecting homes to existing city water systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Maria Medina says she will stay in her house without water because she has no choice. The drought has cost her husband his longtime job in the cotton fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve looked,” Medina says. “We can’t move because another house is more expensive. And we can’t pay more; there’s no work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medina’s son, Ricardo, can’t even make money mowing lawns for his neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much I used to cut every yard out here; now, no water, no yard,” he shrugs. “I’m going down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has allocated about $6 million to help families relocate. But so far, none of that money has made its way to people like the Medinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a Bay Area nonprofit has launched a new online fundraising effort. Through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.droughtrelief.org/\">Drought Relief Fund\u003c/a>, individual Californians can donate to help fill in the gaps for families that have had no help from the state or county government.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Drought or no drought, big wildfires are never won with just water. Typical wildland fire engines carry only 500 gallons of water, which can be used up in as little as five minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Todd Derum, a division chief for Cal Fire, is one of those sent out to manage large wildfires. He says in addition to strategy and tactics, an appreciation for water conservation is key to any fire incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Early in our firefighting career, particularly in the wildland arena, we’re taught to conserve water,” Derum says. “Even in good years, water isn’t always readily accessible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/223829965″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, Derum trained officers on the art of fighting wildfires in Northern California. The annual training takes place just before the height of fire season, and moves from classroom exercises to live fire drills conducted on grassy hillsides over the course of five days. The point of the training is to teach students how to fight fire not with water, but with fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the start of the second day of live fire training, Capt. Matt Ryan stands on the back of a flatbed truck and begins the morning briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685024\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10685024\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A student uses a drip-torch to set a controlled fire during Cal Fire’s class intended to teach new officers how to fight fire with fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student uses a drip-torch to set a controlled fire during Cal Fire’s class intended to teach new officers how to fight fire with fire. \u003ccite>(Linnea Edmeier/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Twenty-eight students gather behind the truck and listen while standing under a tree. It’s the only shade they’ll see for the rest of the day. They spent the previous day in the classroom learning the skills and terminology of how to fight fire with fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s going to get real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan starts with a roll call of personnel and a rundown of the weather: “Today, sky is sunny. Max temps 98 to 103 degrees. Much hotter today than yesterday.” He finishes with a caution: “The terrain’s going to get a lot steeper in the afternoon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terrain Ryan is talking about is rolling hills of dry grass. Bulldozers spent the last few days cutting huge swaths of grass — buffers — around plots of land that will be set on fire. Plots are larger than a football field. Inside those plots are smaller squares of grass that represent houses. The students are divided into groups and work together for the duration of the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan finishes the briefing and instructs everyone to suit up, then calls out, “Group Two is up first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10685030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-800x607.jpg\" alt=\"Students and instructors from Cal Fire watch a live fire drill.\" width=\"800\" height=\"607\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-800x607.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-400x304.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-1440x1093.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-1180x895.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-960x729.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students and instructors from Cal Fire watch a live fire drill. \u003ccite>(Linnea Edmeier/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Students and instructors load up into fire engines and start up a narrow dirt road, winding through trees and brush. Once at the first training site, the six students in Group Two gather halfway up their designated plot, while the rest of the class watches from a vantage point on a hill across a small gully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as the team is organizing its strategy, trainers set a “hostile” fire on the bottom of a hill. Team Two must save the pretend “house” and keep the fire from jumping the buffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some team members hustle up to the top of the hill, while others stop just below the house. Their goal: clear the grass around it to break the path of the fire. They could cut the grass with hand tools, but this fire is moving too fast. The fastest way to clear the brush is to burn it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qsRyWTjjhMYOrHxbWzwW6jkCPQjbcHYM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student Jen Marshall, a captain for Cal Fire, takes the lead for this exercise and explains her team’s strategy: “We had some good upslope wind, so we’re going to use that to our advantage to start to light some fire up on the top to give us a good buffer along the edge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As some students torch the grass, other members keep watch on the hostile fire to make sure it doesn’t creep up on them. But things aren’t going as planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re getting head fire heading toward you,” calls out a team member over the radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10685089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-800x695.jpg\" alt=\"A student uses a drip-torch to set a controlled fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"695\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-800x695.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-400x347.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-1440x1250.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-1180x1025.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-960x834.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student uses a drip torch to set a controlled fire. \u003ccite>(Linnea Edmeier/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The wind has picked up and it’s making the fires that the team set more intense. That means they could lose control of the entire fire and lose the house. Suddenly, the fire makes a run, and team members scramble as they hear, “Head fire coming at you. Get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making their way toward the buffers, which act like safety zones, the students account for one another over the radio and person to person. Meanwhile, the rest of the class watches, critiques and asks questions of more experienced officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a practice drill is over, the group joins the rest of the students, and instructors begin the most critical part of the exercise: the debrief with the students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead instructor, Cal Fire Chief Mike Parkes, analyzes what he saw and where he thinks things went wrong with this drill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you lit fire from the check line, you created hostile fire halfway up the slope,” he says. “Your fire was now a bigger problem than the original hostile fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685028\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10685028\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-800x517.jpg\" alt=\"A student uses a fusee to set a controlled fire during Cal Fire's class intended to teach new officers how to fight fire with fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-800x517.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-400x258.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-1440x930.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-1180x762.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-960x620.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student uses a fusee to set a controlled fire during Cal Fire’s class intended to teach new officers how to fight fire with fire. \u003ccite>(Linnea Edmeier/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Parkes says they failed to account for one of the most important threats: wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You guys made a plan based on what you saw. I would base it off of my wind direction that should be baseline you use,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The critiques are pointed, but the word “mistake” is never used, and that’s conscious. Out here is where instructors want the fire to challenge students, and where they want firefighters to deal with situations that require them to think and act decisively under pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkes says a positive learning environment is crucial if they want firefighters to learn these skills. Derum says there are no mistakes out here, only opportunities to learn. Fighting fire with fire is almost an exercise in improv — the trick is not to dwell on what you did wrong but to use that experience when it counts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In a former life, reporter Linnea Edmeier fought wildfires as a captain with Cal Fire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drought or no drought, big wildfires are never won with just water. Typical wildland fire engines carry only 500 gallons of water, which can be used up in as little as five minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Todd Derum, a division chief for Cal Fire, is one of those sent out to manage large wildfires. He says in addition to strategy and tactics, an appreciation for water conservation is key to any fire incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Early in our firefighting career, particularly in the wildland arena, we’re taught to conserve water,” Derum says. “Even in good years, water isn’t always readily accessible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/223829965″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/223829965″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, Derum trained officers on the art of fighting wildfires in Northern California. The annual training takes place just before the height of fire season, and moves from classroom exercises to live fire drills conducted on grassy hillsides over the course of five days. The point of the training is to teach students how to fight fire not with water, but with fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the start of the second day of live fire training, Capt. Matt Ryan stands on the back of a flatbed truck and begins the morning briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685024\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10685024\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A student uses a drip-torch to set a controlled fire during Cal Fire’s class intended to teach new officers how to fight fire with fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/LightingBackfire2-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student uses a drip-torch to set a controlled fire during Cal Fire’s class intended to teach new officers how to fight fire with fire. \u003ccite>(Linnea Edmeier/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Twenty-eight students gather behind the truck and listen while standing under a tree. It’s the only shade they’ll see for the rest of the day. They spent the previous day in the classroom learning the skills and terminology of how to fight fire with fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s going to get real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan starts with a roll call of personnel and a rundown of the weather: “Today, sky is sunny. Max temps 98 to 103 degrees. Much hotter today than yesterday.” He finishes with a caution: “The terrain’s going to get a lot steeper in the afternoon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terrain Ryan is talking about is rolling hills of dry grass. Bulldozers spent the last few days cutting huge swaths of grass — buffers — around plots of land that will be set on fire. Plots are larger than a football field. Inside those plots are smaller squares of grass that represent houses. The students are divided into groups and work together for the duration of the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan finishes the briefing and instructs everyone to suit up, then calls out, “Group Two is up first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10685030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-800x607.jpg\" alt=\"Students and instructors from Cal Fire watch a live fire drill.\" width=\"800\" height=\"607\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-800x607.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-400x304.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-1440x1093.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-1180x895.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/WatchingFiring-960x729.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students and instructors from Cal Fire watch a live fire drill. \u003ccite>(Linnea Edmeier/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Students and instructors load up into fire engines and start up a narrow dirt road, winding through trees and brush. Once at the first training site, the six students in Group Two gather halfway up their designated plot, while the rest of the class watches from a vantage point on a hill across a small gully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as the team is organizing its strategy, trainers set a “hostile” fire on the bottom of a hill. Team Two must save the pretend “house” and keep the fire from jumping the buffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some team members hustle up to the top of the hill, while others stop just below the house. Their goal: clear the grass around it to break the path of the fire. They could cut the grass with hand tools, but this fire is moving too fast. The fastest way to clear the brush is to burn it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student Jen Marshall, a captain for Cal Fire, takes the lead for this exercise and explains her team’s strategy: “We had some good upslope wind, so we’re going to use that to our advantage to start to light some fire up on the top to give us a good buffer along the edge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As some students torch the grass, other members keep watch on the hostile fire to make sure it doesn’t creep up on them. But things aren’t going as planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re getting head fire heading toward you,” calls out a team member over the radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10685089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-800x695.jpg\" alt=\"A student uses a drip-torch to set a controlled fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"695\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-800x695.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-400x347.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-1440x1250.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-1180x1025.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/DripTorching-960x834.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student uses a drip torch to set a controlled fire. \u003ccite>(Linnea Edmeier/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The wind has picked up and it’s making the fires that the team set more intense. That means they could lose control of the entire fire and lose the house. Suddenly, the fire makes a run, and team members scramble as they hear, “Head fire coming at you. Get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making their way toward the buffers, which act like safety zones, the students account for one another over the radio and person to person. Meanwhile, the rest of the class watches, critiques and asks questions of more experienced officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a practice drill is over, the group joins the rest of the students, and instructors begin the most critical part of the exercise: the debrief with the students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead instructor, Cal Fire Chief Mike Parkes, analyzes what he saw and where he thinks things went wrong with this drill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you lit fire from the check line, you created hostile fire halfway up the slope,” he says. “Your fire was now a bigger problem than the original hostile fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10685028\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10685028\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-800x517.jpg\" alt=\"A student uses a fusee to set a controlled fire during Cal Fire's class intended to teach new officers how to fight fire with fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-800x517.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-400x258.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-1440x930.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-1180x762.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/FuseeBackfire-960x620.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student uses a fusee to set a controlled fire during Cal Fire’s class intended to teach new officers how to fight fire with fire. \u003ccite>(Linnea Edmeier/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Parkes says they failed to account for one of the most important threats: wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You guys made a plan based on what you saw. I would base it off of my wind direction that should be baseline you use,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The critiques are pointed, but the word “mistake” is never used, and that’s conscious. Out here is where instructors want the fire to challenge students, and where they want firefighters to deal with situations that require them to think and act decisively under pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkes says a positive learning environment is crucial if they want firefighters to learn these skills. Derum says there are no mistakes out here, only opportunities to learn. Fighting fire with fire is almost an exercise in improv — the trick is not to dwell on what you did wrong but to use that experience when it counts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In a former life, reporter Linnea Edmeier fought wildfires as a captain with Cal Fire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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