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"content": "\u003cp>Tourists and animal lovers hoping to see a bear in Sequoia National Park this fall probably stand a better chance of spotting one in this tiny town at the park’s entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three Rivers is literally crawling with hungry bears driven down from the mountains by drought in search of food to fatten up for winter. Everyone seems to have photos of the creatures on their phones or anecdotes of encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”eivOvZhjffGiNjSDjEk8Z8JCTZAIguLQ”]Chas Haws’ eyes bugged out as he recalled his surprise coming face to face with a bear before dawn as he walked to Antoinette’s Coffee and Goodies shop along the main road one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He carefully stepped back as the bear reared up and then walked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He didn’t care about me at all,” Haws said. “I didn’t smell like a muffin – yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt a bear invasion is afoot in this town of 2,200 that is home to an eclectic mix of park employees, cattle ranchers, hippies, yuppies and artists. It is also a retreat for Hollywood types that include Anjelica Huston and William Shatner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most seem delighted by the visiting black bears – many brown and cinnamon in color – lumbering through grasslands, trotting across roads or wading through rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four-year drought has shriveled the berry crop in the Sierra Nevada and led oaks on parched hillsides to produce fewer acorns, forcing the bears into the valleys carved by the branches of the Kaweah River that give this town its name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is plentiful and acorns carpet the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/kindall_/status/658126323018149888\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gregory Lockhart had seen one bear in 27 years until this season. Now they’re fixtures on the golf course out his back door and have been spotted by the pool of a guest house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The park is upon us now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One resident suggested on a town Facebook forum that people with guests seeking bears not bother winding up the road to the park. Others chimed in with suggestions of where to find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crowd formed recently outside the River View restaurant to gawk at a bear up a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears have climbed on roofs for acorns and one was found exploring a bathroom under renovation in a house. A bear tore apart the outer walls of a resident’s pump house and a music studio to get at acorns a woodpecker had stowed in the siding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quiet nights are interrupted by air horns, banging on pots or a gunshot to scare off creatures known to forage 20 hours a day as they prepare for long winter naps. But some wonder if those shots are innocent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Beck heard dogs barking in the middle of the night followed by gunfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are shooting the bears, there’s no doubt,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaweahcommonwealth.com/news/game-wardens-probe-illegal-bear-killings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kaweah Commonwealth reported\u003c/a> that bears have been illegally slaughtered, but game wardens dismissed it as far-fetched because of a lack of evidence, such as names of suspects, vehicle descriptions or dead bears, Lt. Doug Barnhart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The account, however, has sown conflict between nature lovers and those who think it’s a tall tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m upset and sad, and I just question, ‘Why?'” said Kathleen McCleary, who noted a sense of outrage in some circles. “I don’t see any reason to be shooting them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrell Fleeman was so disgusted with the story that he yanked his auto repair shop ad from the newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where’s the proof?” he said. “If that were the case, there’d be dead bears everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State game wardens haven’t had as many complaints in this area of central California as last season, when bears made it to the San Joaquin Valley cities of Visalia, Porterville and Bakersfield, Barnhart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents have legally killed bears that broke into cabins and cars in Springville and Camp Nelson, about 25 miles south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Three Rivers, bears have knocked over plenty of garbage cans and raided fruit trees and grape vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They did a number on the apple orchard at Shatner’s Belle Reve ranch, said caretaker Sal Natoli, who added that he got a depredation permit to kill the culprits but didn’t use it during the two-week period it was valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees look “just like Venus de Milo,” the armless ancient Greek statue, Natoli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear hunting season runs until Dec. 27 or when a statewide limit of 1,700 bears is killed. The state hasn’t come close to that figure since dogs were outlawed in the hunt in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gunfire may not be the biggest challenge for the bears at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they don’t pack on enough pounds, they won’t return to the mountains to den for the winter, said David Graber, former chief scientist for the National Park Service for the West Coast and a longtime Three Rivers resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they don’t hibernate, they’re going to die,” Graber said. “That’s a rare, uncommon event.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Tourists and animal lovers hoping to see a bear in Sequoia National Park probably stand a better chance of spotting one in this town at the park’s entrance.",
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"description": "Tourists and animal lovers hoping to see a bear in Sequoia National Park probably stand a better chance of spotting one in this town at the park’s entrance.",
"title": "Drought Driving Hungry Bears Into Sierra Town of Three Rivers | KQED",
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"headline": "Drought Driving Hungry Bears Into Sierra Town of Three Rivers",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tourists and animal lovers hoping to see a bear in Sequoia National Park this fall probably stand a better chance of spotting one in this tiny town at the park’s entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three Rivers is literally crawling with hungry bears driven down from the mountains by drought in search of food to fatten up for winter. Everyone seems to have photos of the creatures on their phones or anecdotes of encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Chas Haws’ eyes bugged out as he recalled his surprise coming face to face with a bear before dawn as he walked to Antoinette’s Coffee and Goodies shop along the main road one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He carefully stepped back as the bear reared up and then walked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He didn’t care about me at all,” Haws said. “I didn’t smell like a muffin – yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt a bear invasion is afoot in this town of 2,200 that is home to an eclectic mix of park employees, cattle ranchers, hippies, yuppies and artists. It is also a retreat for Hollywood types that include Anjelica Huston and William Shatner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most seem delighted by the visiting black bears – many brown and cinnamon in color – lumbering through grasslands, trotting across roads or wading through rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four-year drought has shriveled the berry crop in the Sierra Nevada and led oaks on parched hillsides to produce fewer acorns, forcing the bears into the valleys carved by the branches of the Kaweah River that give this town its name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is plentiful and acorns carpet the ground.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Gregory Lockhart had seen one bear in 27 years until this season. Now they’re fixtures on the golf course out his back door and have been spotted by the pool of a guest house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The park is upon us now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One resident suggested on a town Facebook forum that people with guests seeking bears not bother winding up the road to the park. Others chimed in with suggestions of where to find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crowd formed recently outside the River View restaurant to gawk at a bear up a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears have climbed on roofs for acorns and one was found exploring a bathroom under renovation in a house. A bear tore apart the outer walls of a resident’s pump house and a music studio to get at acorns a woodpecker had stowed in the siding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quiet nights are interrupted by air horns, banging on pots or a gunshot to scare off creatures known to forage 20 hours a day as they prepare for long winter naps. But some wonder if those shots are innocent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Beck heard dogs barking in the middle of the night followed by gunfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are shooting the bears, there’s no doubt,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaweahcommonwealth.com/news/game-wardens-probe-illegal-bear-killings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kaweah Commonwealth reported\u003c/a> that bears have been illegally slaughtered, but game wardens dismissed it as far-fetched because of a lack of evidence, such as names of suspects, vehicle descriptions or dead bears, Lt. Doug Barnhart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The account, however, has sown conflict between nature lovers and those who think it’s a tall tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m upset and sad, and I just question, ‘Why?'” said Kathleen McCleary, who noted a sense of outrage in some circles. “I don’t see any reason to be shooting them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrell Fleeman was so disgusted with the story that he yanked his auto repair shop ad from the newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where’s the proof?” he said. “If that were the case, there’d be dead bears everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State game wardens haven’t had as many complaints in this area of central California as last season, when bears made it to the San Joaquin Valley cities of Visalia, Porterville and Bakersfield, Barnhart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents have legally killed bears that broke into cabins and cars in Springville and Camp Nelson, about 25 miles south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Three Rivers, bears have knocked over plenty of garbage cans and raided fruit trees and grape vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They did a number on the apple orchard at Shatner’s Belle Reve ranch, said caretaker Sal Natoli, who added that he got a depredation permit to kill the culprits but didn’t use it during the two-week period it was valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees look “just like Venus de Milo,” the armless ancient Greek statue, Natoli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear hunting season runs until Dec. 27 or when a statewide limit of 1,700 bears is killed. The state hasn’t come close to that figure since dogs were outlawed in the hunt in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gunfire may not be the biggest challenge for the bears at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they don’t pack on enough pounds, they won’t return to the mountains to den for the winter, said David Graber, former chief scientist for the National Park Service for the West Coast and a longtime Three Rivers resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they don’t hibernate, they’re going to die,” Graber said. “That’s a rare, uncommon event.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Fresno Farmer Defies Drought to Sustain Link Between Country and City",
"title": "A Fresno Farmer Defies Drought to Sustain Link Between Country and City",
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"content": "\u003cp>Collard greens, black-eyed peas and red and green tomatoes fill the table of a small farmstand in central Fresno, enticing urban dwellers out for their Saturday morning coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to purchase this lovely, beautiful bunch of greens,” one customer says. “How much are they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re $3 a pound. Fifteen-year-old Dashon Standifer helps his mom, Porsha, bag the greens. He helped grow these crops, as did his twin brother, Dayvon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231924591\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twins also know how to cook with the produce. They’ve got a good recipe for relish and another for homemade pie from tomato stew. It tastes like apple pie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call it mock pie,” Dayvon says. “We also make our own homemade crust!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748564\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748564\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-800x1032.jpg\" alt=\"With Will Scott Jr.’s help, kids from Rev. Floyd Harris’ Freedom School grew tomatoes, collard greens and black-eyed peas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1032\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-800x1032.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-400x516.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-1440x1857.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-1180x1522.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-960x1238.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With Will Scott Jr.’s help, kids from Rev. Floyd Harris’ Freedom School grew tomatoes, collard greens and black-eyed peas. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They entered their mock pie and canned relish into cooking and baking contests at the local fair, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofair.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Big Fresno Fair\u003c/a>. Both entrees won first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brothers got their gardening and cooking skills through a program called the Freedom School at their \u003ca href=\"http://xyfloyd.wix.com/new-light\">New Light for New Life church\u003c/a> in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of their mentors was a 75-year-old farmer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scottfamilyfarms.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Will Scott Jr.\u003c/a> He’s been teaching farming skills to young African-Americans for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to know how to work the tractor, and grow food,” says Dayvon. “And Will Scott is a good role model.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he’s been one for years. Scott helped establish a demonstration farm where kids can get their hands dirty. And he’s introduced hundreds of kids to agriculture in one way or another, either through talks he gives at churches and schools or out on the land, where he teaches farming step by step, row by row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only how to condition the land, but also how to plant and then do maintenance on it,” Scott says. “And then the harvest part of it and [we] also look at the marketing aspect of it, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there’s still a negative association with farming that comes from a history of slavery and oppression. Scott’s own grandfather and father were sharecroppers in Oklahoma. He was 5 when they left the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748618\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748618\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-800x915.jpg\" alt=\"Twin brothers Dayvon and Dashon Standifer sell produce they grew themselves.\" width=\"800\" height=\"915\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-800x915.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-400x458.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-1440x1647.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-1180x1350.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-960x1098.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twin brothers Dayvon and Dashon Standifer sell produce they grew themselves. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we got off the tab,” Scott says. “You had a tab, you know. You were almost chained to the land. So when you paid your tab off, you’re free to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says agriculture can now mean a job, especially in California’s fertile Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there’s farming the land but there are plenty of other related opportunities, he says, like installing drip systems. Or well drilling, he says, looking over his shoulder at his own well. It’s a topic he’s been confronted with lately. Because of the drought, Scott’s well will likely go dry by December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need to take it deeper so I have access to more water, give me some kind of guarantee and less worry,” he says. But to replace it with a much deeper well could cost around $40,000 and, like most small farmers, Scott doesn’t have that kind of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a predicament many small farmers face, says retired University of California farm adviser Richard Molinar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748897\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-800x1049.jpg\" alt=\"Will Scott Jr. at work on his farm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1049\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-800x1049.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-400x524.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-1440x1888.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-1180x1547.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-960x1259.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Will Scott Jr. at work on his farm. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have the same resources. They don’t have the same bankroll that the large corporate farms do,” he says. “So they’re, in many cases, living on the edge. Their farm is being held together with shoelaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molinar says Scott has been a voice for African-American farmers. In fact, Scott helped found the Fresno-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/AAFCalifornia/\">African-American Farmers of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has devoted at least the last 20 years to not only farming but also to advocate for the black youth and African-American farmers,” Molinar says. “He’s been thinking of other people and not himself, and he is now in some constraints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Scott went into farming full time, he was an engineer for Pacific Bell. Now he spends his days growing mustard greens, turnips, collards, broccoli, lettuce, okra and black-eyed peas. He says small farming is a way of life that is being threatened, especially now with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The small farmers’ way of life is something we must sustain,” Scott says. “This country was built on small farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Floyd Harris, a minister at New Light for New Life Church in Fresno, understands Scott’s plight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is also a farmer and the founder of the Freedom School, the program the Standifer twins are enrolled in. The Freedom School teaches boys important life skills to help them become well-rounded, healthy men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748902\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748902\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-800x939.jpg\" alt=\"The Rev. Floyd Harris takes a break from plastering an office in his church. He founded the Freedom School and works with Will Scott Jr. to get kids interested in farming.\" width=\"800\" height=\"939\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-800x939.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-400x470.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-1440x1691.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-1180x1385.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-960x1127.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rev. Floyd Harris takes a break from plastering an office in his church. He founded the Freedom School and works with Will Scott Jr. to get kids interested in farming. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harris says Scott also advised him on a community garden behind the church. “You know he reaches out, not just here in Fresno but he’s down in the Bay Area, he’s down in L.A.,” Harris says. “And so every seed that he plants, I will say, is a seed of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Scott hauls his produce every week to a neighborhood in Oakland, where he says there are plenty of liquor stores but not a lot of fresh food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris says that when Scott teaches kids what happens when seeds and water mix, it’s inspiring. “And three months later you can go to that same plant that you touched and you dug a hole for, and see that that one plant has 50 tomatoes, or 30 tomatoes green and red,” Harris says. “That’s hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is some hope for Scott. Another farmer, Paul Buxman, has started a campaign to raise money for him. Buxman is known for his tasty \u003ca href=\"http://www.tularecountytreasures.org/sweet-home-ranch-v.html\">Sweet Home Ranch \u003c/a>jams, but he’s also an accomplished impressionistic \u003ca href=\"http://www.shinnphoto.com/Paul-Buxman/\">painter\u003c/a> whose rural scenes of the Central Valley have sold all over the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says anyone willing to contribute $50 will be given a free lithograph. There are four to choose from, he says. So far, Buxman has raised about $5,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s help get this farmer some water,” Buxman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s calling his campaign Drill for Will.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Will Scott, a mentor and prominent voice for African-American farmers, faces a drying well, like many small farmers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Collard greens, black-eyed peas and red and green tomatoes fill the table of a small farmstand in central Fresno, enticing urban dwellers out for their Saturday morning coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to purchase this lovely, beautiful bunch of greens,” one customer says. “How much are they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re $3 a pound. Fifteen-year-old Dashon Standifer helps his mom, Porsha, bag the greens. He helped grow these crops, as did his twin brother, Dayvon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231924591&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231924591'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twins also know how to cook with the produce. They’ve got a good recipe for relish and another for homemade pie from tomato stew. It tastes like apple pie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call it mock pie,” Dayvon says. “We also make our own homemade crust!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748564\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748564\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-800x1032.jpg\" alt=\"With Will Scott Jr.’s help, kids from Rev. Floyd Harris’ Freedom School grew tomatoes, collard greens and black-eyed peas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1032\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-800x1032.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-400x516.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-1440x1857.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-1180x1522.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/Greens-960x1238.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With Will Scott Jr.’s help, kids from Rev. Floyd Harris’ Freedom School grew tomatoes, collard greens and black-eyed peas. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They entered their mock pie and canned relish into cooking and baking contests at the local fair, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofair.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Big Fresno Fair\u003c/a>. Both entrees won first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brothers got their gardening and cooking skills through a program called the Freedom School at their \u003ca href=\"http://xyfloyd.wix.com/new-light\">New Light for New Life church\u003c/a> in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of their mentors was a 75-year-old farmer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scottfamilyfarms.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Will Scott Jr.\u003c/a> He’s been teaching farming skills to young African-Americans for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to know how to work the tractor, and grow food,” says Dayvon. “And Will Scott is a good role model.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he’s been one for years. Scott helped establish a demonstration farm where kids can get their hands dirty. And he’s introduced hundreds of kids to agriculture in one way or another, either through talks he gives at churches and schools or out on the land, where he teaches farming step by step, row by row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only how to condition the land, but also how to plant and then do maintenance on it,” Scott says. “And then the harvest part of it and [we] also look at the marketing aspect of it, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there’s still a negative association with farming that comes from a history of slavery and oppression. Scott’s own grandfather and father were sharecroppers in Oklahoma. He was 5 when they left the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748618\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748618\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-800x915.jpg\" alt=\"Twin brothers Dayvon and Dashon Standifer sell produce they grew themselves.\" width=\"800\" height=\"915\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-800x915.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-400x458.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-1440x1647.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-1180x1350.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/TwinBrothers-960x1098.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twin brothers Dayvon and Dashon Standifer sell produce they grew themselves. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we got off the tab,” Scott says. “You had a tab, you know. You were almost chained to the land. So when you paid your tab off, you’re free to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says agriculture can now mean a job, especially in California’s fertile Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, there’s farming the land but there are plenty of other related opportunities, he says, like installing drip systems. Or well drilling, he says, looking over his shoulder at his own well. It’s a topic he’s been confronted with lately. Because of the drought, Scott’s well will likely go dry by December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need to take it deeper so I have access to more water, give me some kind of guarantee and less worry,” he says. But to replace it with a much deeper well could cost around $40,000 and, like most small farmers, Scott doesn’t have that kind of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a predicament many small farmers face, says retired University of California farm adviser Richard Molinar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748897\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-800x1049.jpg\" alt=\"Will Scott Jr. at work on his farm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1049\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-800x1049.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-400x524.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-1440x1888.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-1180x1547.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/WillScottTall-960x1259.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Will Scott Jr. at work on his farm. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have the same resources. They don’t have the same bankroll that the large corporate farms do,” he says. “So they’re, in many cases, living on the edge. Their farm is being held together with shoelaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molinar says Scott has been a voice for African-American farmers. In fact, Scott helped found the Fresno-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/AAFCalifornia/\">African-American Farmers of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has devoted at least the last 20 years to not only farming but also to advocate for the black youth and African-American farmers,” Molinar says. “He’s been thinking of other people and not himself, and he is now in some constraints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Scott went into farming full time, he was an engineer for Pacific Bell. Now he spends his days growing mustard greens, turnips, collards, broccoli, lettuce, okra and black-eyed peas. He says small farming is a way of life that is being threatened, especially now with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The small farmers’ way of life is something we must sustain,” Scott says. “This country was built on small farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Floyd Harris, a minister at New Light for New Life Church in Fresno, understands Scott’s plight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is also a farmer and the founder of the Freedom School, the program the Standifer twins are enrolled in. The Freedom School teaches boys important life skills to help them become well-rounded, healthy men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748902\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748902\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-800x939.jpg\" alt=\"The Rev. Floyd Harris takes a break from plastering an office in his church. He founded the Freedom School and works with Will Scott Jr. to get kids interested in farming.\" width=\"800\" height=\"939\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-800x939.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-400x470.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-1440x1691.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-1180x1385.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RevTakesABreak-960x1127.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rev. Floyd Harris takes a break from plastering an office in his church. He founded the Freedom School and works with Will Scott Jr. to get kids interested in farming. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harris says Scott also advised him on a community garden behind the church. “You know he reaches out, not just here in Fresno but he’s down in the Bay Area, he’s down in L.A.,” Harris says. “And so every seed that he plants, I will say, is a seed of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Scott hauls his produce every week to a neighborhood in Oakland, where he says there are plenty of liquor stores but not a lot of fresh food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris says that when Scott teaches kids what happens when seeds and water mix, it’s inspiring. “And three months later you can go to that same plant that you touched and you dug a hole for, and see that that one plant has 50 tomatoes, or 30 tomatoes green and red,” Harris says. “That’s hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is some hope for Scott. Another farmer, Paul Buxman, has started a campaign to raise money for him. Buxman is known for his tasty \u003ca href=\"http://www.tularecountytreasures.org/sweet-home-ranch-v.html\">Sweet Home Ranch \u003c/a>jams, but he’s also an accomplished impressionistic \u003ca href=\"http://www.shinnphoto.com/Paul-Buxman/\">painter\u003c/a> whose rural scenes of the Central Valley have sold all over the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says anyone willing to contribute $50 will be given a free lithograph. There are four to choose from, he says. So far, Buxman has raised about $5,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s help get this farmer some water,” Buxman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s calling his campaign Drill for Will.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California congressman announced Friday that he is planning federal legislation that aims to phase out the captivity of killer whales by banning breeding, importing and exporting the animals for public display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Adam Schiff said he will introduce the Orca Responsibility and Care Advancement (ORCA) Act to ensure that orcas now at aquatic parks such as SeaWorld are the last ones and that when they die, no other whales will replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also would ban taking any whales from the wild. Although no orca has been captured in U.S. waters since 1976, Schiff says captive killer whales are bred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”21iJL2MyHdoWPPlrNKZPR3lvUMayHn0n”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that keeping the animals in captivity is cruel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence is very strong that the psychological and physical harm done to these magnificent animals far outweighs any benefits reaped from their display,” Schiff said at a news conference in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748881\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-800x537.jpg\" alt=\"Orcas perform at SeaWorld.\" width=\"800\" height=\"537\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748881\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-1440x966.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-1180x792.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-960x644.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orcas perform at SeaWorld. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld says its whales are thriving and the parks foster understanding of the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While efforts to phase out whales in human care may strike an emotional chord, SeaWorld and other science-based organizations are part of the solution, not the problem,” Jill Kermes, a spokeswoman for SeaWorld Entertainment, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the California Coastal Commission endorsed a $100 million expansion of the tanks that SeaWorld uses to hold orcas in San Diego but included conditions, including a ban on breeding and prohibitions on the sale, trade or transfer of the whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld has said it will challenge the ruling in court.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence is very strong that the psychological and physical harm done to these magnificent animals far outweighs any benefits reaped from their display,” Schiff said at a news conference in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10748881\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-800x537.jpg\" alt=\"Orcas perform at SeaWorld.\" width=\"800\" height=\"537\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10748881\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-1440x966.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-1180x792.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/OrcasPerform-960x644.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orcas perform at SeaWorld. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld says its whales are thriving and the parks foster understanding of the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While efforts to phase out whales in human care may strike an emotional chord, SeaWorld and other science-based organizations are part of the solution, not the problem,” Jill Kermes, a spokeswoman for SeaWorld Entertainment, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the California Coastal Commission endorsed a $100 million expansion of the tanks that SeaWorld uses to hold orcas in San Diego but included conditions, including a ban on breeding and prohibitions on the sale, trade or transfer of the whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SeaWorld has said it will challenge the ruling in court.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why Is an Algae Bloom Closing Crab Season in California?",
"headTitle": "Why Is an Algae Bloom Closing Crab Season in California? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: Nov 6, 5:55 p.m.:\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have delayed the opening of the commercial Dungeness crab season, which was scheduled for November 15th. It will remain closed until tests show the crab is safe for consumption. The state Department of Fish and Wildlife also closed the commercial rock crab fishery, which is normally open year-round. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Story:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have closed recreational fishing for Dungeness and rock crab on the California coast north of Santa Barbara to the Oregon border, due to a large algae bloom that’s making the crab unsafe for consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom, created by an organism called \u003cem>Pseudo-nitzschia, \u003c/em>produces a neurotoxin that can build up in marine life. It causes vomiting, diarrhea, and cramping in humans and even death in severe cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are expected to delay the opening of the commercial Dungeness crab season as well. It’s scheduled to open on November 15th. The recreational fishery will open as soon as test samples show the crab is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does this toxin get into marine animals and when might it clear out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED News spoke with Clarissa Anderson, a research scientist at the Institute of Marine Sciences at UC Santa Cruz, to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Algae blooms off the Pacific coast aren’t new but why is this one so large and persistent?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bloom has been unprecedented in its extent and its persistence. It started in May and continued on to September. And while we were expecting such a bloom in the spring and even into the summer as has happened in years past, we did not really expect to see this continue into September.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The issue with the crabs is that toxin can persist in the sediments.’ \u003ccite>Clarissa Anderson, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The warm temperatures all along the North Pacific and off the West Coast are contributing to the persistence of this bloom and are allowing it to stay in the surface waters. We’re now starting to see that subside a little bit as we go into fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why are the waters so warm? Is it El Niño?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, it’s true that El Niño is on its way. But we’re not quite seeing the manifestations of El Niño in California just yet. For the last two years, we have seen these very high temperatures in the waters off the coast and we’re calling that the warm “blob.” And that has been interacting with the bloom and sort of creating an unprecedented situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long might these levels of domoic acid last in the ocean?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know from weekly sampling that domoic acid levels, at least in the surface waters, have been coming down for the last two months. And they’re pretty low now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue with the crabs is that toxin can persist in the sediments. And those crabs are feeding on all kinds of crustaceans and shrimp along the bottom. And so the crabs are bio-accumulating it in their flesh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this toxin, while it might not be continuing to be produced by the algae, it certainly is in the sediments and could last there for quite some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”0U6kFEVdBEJtwZ4hjwMIu1StxDI0HbXE”]\u003cstrong>Could storms or high winds clear out the algae bloom?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we start to see some big storms from El Niño, we might start to see the water column turn over and some of these toxins flush away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as far as sediments go, it might be a little trickier. But I think that some storms would do a lot to clear this up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So once a crab has this level of domoic acid in its body, how long does it take for it to clear out of the crab so it’s safe to eat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t have great data on the clearance rate of domoic acid from crabs. We know that they will clear it out naturally via their kidneys and they will excrete it. But we don’t know just how long it will take if they continue to acquire it and feed an environment where there is a lot of domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question is: are they going to continue to acquire it or will they be able to just excrete it over a number of days to weeks. And then we can move on and start harvesting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And it’s not just crabs that are being affected by the neurotoxin, right? People should avoid eating fresh sardines and anchovies.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This toxin can work its way up the food web and we’ve seen unusual mortality events in California sea lions and also whales farther north in Alaska. Sea lions have been stranding within California as well as in Oregon and Washington throughout the summer and are continuing to strand.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: Nov 6, 5:55 p.m.:\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have delayed the opening of the commercial Dungeness crab season, which was scheduled for November 15th. It will remain closed until tests show the crab is safe for consumption. The state Department of Fish and Wildlife also closed the commercial rock crab fishery, which is normally open year-round. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Story:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have closed recreational fishing for Dungeness and rock crab on the California coast north of Santa Barbara to the Oregon border, due to a large algae bloom that’s making the crab unsafe for consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom, created by an organism called \u003cem>Pseudo-nitzschia, \u003c/em>produces a neurotoxin that can build up in marine life. It causes vomiting, diarrhea, and cramping in humans and even death in severe cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are expected to delay the opening of the commercial Dungeness crab season as well. It’s scheduled to open on November 15th. The recreational fishery will open as soon as test samples show the crab is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does this toxin get into marine animals and when might it clear out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED News spoke with Clarissa Anderson, a research scientist at the Institute of Marine Sciences at UC Santa Cruz, to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Algae blooms off the Pacific coast aren’t new but why is this one so large and persistent?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bloom has been unprecedented in its extent and its persistence. It started in May and continued on to September. And while we were expecting such a bloom in the spring and even into the summer as has happened in years past, we did not really expect to see this continue into September.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The issue with the crabs is that toxin can persist in the sediments.’ \u003ccite>Clarissa Anderson, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The warm temperatures all along the North Pacific and off the West Coast are contributing to the persistence of this bloom and are allowing it to stay in the surface waters. We’re now starting to see that subside a little bit as we go into fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why are the waters so warm? Is it El Niño?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, it’s true that El Niño is on its way. But we’re not quite seeing the manifestations of El Niño in California just yet. For the last two years, we have seen these very high temperatures in the waters off the coast and we’re calling that the warm “blob.” And that has been interacting with the bloom and sort of creating an unprecedented situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long might these levels of domoic acid last in the ocean?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know from weekly sampling that domoic acid levels, at least in the surface waters, have been coming down for the last two months. And they’re pretty low now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue with the crabs is that toxin can persist in the sediments. And those crabs are feeding on all kinds of crustaceans and shrimp along the bottom. And so the crabs are bio-accumulating it in their flesh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this toxin, while it might not be continuing to be produced by the algae, it certainly is in the sediments and could last there for quite some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could storms or high winds clear out the algae bloom?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we start to see some big storms from El Niño, we might start to see the water column turn over and some of these toxins flush away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as far as sediments go, it might be a little trickier. But I think that some storms would do a lot to clear this up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So once a crab has this level of domoic acid in its body, how long does it take for it to clear out of the crab so it’s safe to eat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t have great data on the clearance rate of domoic acid from crabs. We know that they will clear it out naturally via their kidneys and they will excrete it. But we don’t know just how long it will take if they continue to acquire it and feed an environment where there is a lot of domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question is: are they going to continue to acquire it or will they be able to just excrete it over a number of days to weeks. And then we can move on and start harvesting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And it’s not just crabs that are being affected by the neurotoxin, right? People should avoid eating fresh sardines and anchovies.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This toxin can work its way up the food web and we’ve seen unusual mortality events in California sea lions and also whales farther north in Alaska. Sea lions have been stranding within California as well as in Oregon and Washington throughout the summer and are continuing to strand.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Toxic Algae Confirmed in Dead Wildlife, Officials Warn Against Eating Crabs",
"title": "Toxic Algae Confirmed in Dead Wildlife, Officials Warn Against Eating Crabs",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Tests on dead or dying marine wildlife show the animals were exposed to a vast bloom of toxic algae that flourished off the West Coast this summer, federal biologists said on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists detected \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/17/toxic-algae-is-killing-sea-lions-shows-no-sign-of-diminishing/\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid\u003c/a> — a neurotoxin produced by marine algae and harmful to people, fish and marine life — in more than three dozen animals from Washington to California, including whales, dolphins, seabirds and seals. Several were found to have dangerous levels of the toxin, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, high levels of domoic acid continue to be found in shellfish. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-082.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California health officials advised\u003c/a> people not to eat Dungeness or Rock crabs caught between the Oregon border and the southern Santa Barbara County line because tests showed dangerous levels of domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"iZV7wllj8HL09vryGx6jJrVzwBVvZE3T\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon state officials also issued an advisory Tuesday for all recreationally caught crab along the southern Oregon coast, from south of Coos Bay to California. Officials warned people to remove the viscera, or guts, before eating the crab meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Washington shellfish managers postponed the fall start of razor clam digging on ocean beaches and all razor clamming remains closed along the entire Oregon coast because of high level of domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toxic algae bloom emerged last spring and flourished during the summer amid unusually warm Pacific Ocean temperatures. It was the largest and most widespread ever recorded on the West Coast and shut down lucrative fisheries, according to NOAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10746432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 610px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/NOAA-map.jpg\" alt=\"Average chlorophyll concentrations (in milligrams per cubic meter of water) in July 2015. The darkest green areas have the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations and the largest amounts of phytoplankton—including both toxic and harmless species.\" width=\"610\" height=\"473\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10746432\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/NOAA-map.jpg 610w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/NOAA-map-400x310.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Average chlorophyll concentrations (in milligrams per cubic meter of water) in July 2015. The darkest green areas have the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations and the largest amounts of phytoplankton—including both toxic and harmless species. \u003ccite>((NOAA Climate.gov map based on Suomi NPP satellite data provided by NOAA View))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sea lions in California commonly experienced seizures, a common sign of domoic acid poisoning, during harmful algae blooms along that state's coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this was the first year that such harmful effects were documented as far north as Washington state, said Kathi Lefebvre, a research biologist with the NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My biggest concern is — what does the future hold?\" she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Domoic acid accumulates in anchovies, sardines and other small fish as well as shellfish that eat the algae. Marine mammals and fish-eating birds in turn can get sick from eating the contaminated fish. In people, it can trigger amnesic shellfish poisoning, which can cause permanent loss of short-term memory in severe cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials stress that seafood bought in stores is still safe to eat because it is regularly tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers said the number of animals found exposed to domoic acid may be a small fraction of those affected since many others don't wash ashore or aren't found.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tests on dead or dying marine wildlife show the animals were exposed to a vast bloom of toxic algae that flourished off the West Coast this summer, federal biologists said on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists detected \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/17/toxic-algae-is-killing-sea-lions-shows-no-sign-of-diminishing/\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid\u003c/a> — a neurotoxin produced by marine algae and harmful to people, fish and marine life — in more than three dozen animals from Washington to California, including whales, dolphins, seabirds and seals. Several were found to have dangerous levels of the toxin, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, high levels of domoic acid continue to be found in shellfish. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-082.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California health officials advised\u003c/a> people not to eat Dungeness or Rock crabs caught between the Oregon border and the southern Santa Barbara County line because tests showed dangerous levels of domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon state officials also issued an advisory Tuesday for all recreationally caught crab along the southern Oregon coast, from south of Coos Bay to California. Officials warned people to remove the viscera, or guts, before eating the crab meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Washington shellfish managers postponed the fall start of razor clam digging on ocean beaches and all razor clamming remains closed along the entire Oregon coast because of high level of domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toxic algae bloom emerged last spring and flourished during the summer amid unusually warm Pacific Ocean temperatures. It was the largest and most widespread ever recorded on the West Coast and shut down lucrative fisheries, according to NOAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10746432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 610px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/NOAA-map.jpg\" alt=\"Average chlorophyll concentrations (in milligrams per cubic meter of water) in July 2015. The darkest green areas have the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations and the largest amounts of phytoplankton—including both toxic and harmless species.\" width=\"610\" height=\"473\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10746432\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/NOAA-map.jpg 610w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/NOAA-map-400x310.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Average chlorophyll concentrations (in milligrams per cubic meter of water) in July 2015. The darkest green areas have the highest surface chlorophyll concentrations and the largest amounts of phytoplankton—including both toxic and harmless species. \u003ccite>((NOAA Climate.gov map based on Suomi NPP satellite data provided by NOAA View))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sea lions in California commonly experienced seizures, a common sign of domoic acid poisoning, during harmful algae blooms along that state's coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this was the first year that such harmful effects were documented as far north as Washington state, said Kathi Lefebvre, a research biologist with the NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My biggest concern is — what does the future hold?\" she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Domoic acid accumulates in anchovies, sardines and other small fish as well as shellfish that eat the algae. Marine mammals and fish-eating birds in turn can get sick from eating the contaminated fish. In people, it can trigger amnesic shellfish poisoning, which can cause permanent loss of short-term memory in severe cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials stress that seafood bought in stores is still safe to eat because it is regularly tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers said the number of animals found exposed to domoic acid may be a small fraction of those affected since many others don't wash ashore or aren't found.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Caltrans Delays Demolition of Massive Bay Bridge Pier",
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"content": "\u003cp>There's nothing that says \"party\" quite like setting off high explosives and watching something big fall down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you dispute the truth of that observation, we enter as Exhibits A and B video of \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/_6QzIe2Abe4\" target=\"_blank\">the demolition\u003c/a> of Oakland's Oak Knoll Naval Hospital in April 2011 and the \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/7bWGL7vu5PQ\" target=\"_blank\">dynamite-aided leveling\u003c/a> of a 13-story building on the campus of Cal State East Bay in August 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The explosive charges go off, the buildings fall, and the crowd goes wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demolition enthusiasts are no doubt looking forward to the next big event on the Bay Area's infrastructure removal calendar: an implosion later this month designed to remove the largest pier of the old eastern span on the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual nature of the event -- originally planned for this weekend but now scheduled for the weekend of Nov. 14-15 -- may temper their enthusiasm a little, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans announced the change in plans Tuesday, saying that it had rejected the explosives that were to be used in the demolition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue, Caltrans chief bridge engineer Brian Maroney told reporters, was how the explosive are packaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to push it down holes, and we want that outside material to be tough,\" Maroney said. \"I don’t want to fiddle around with potentially the outside material ripping as we push it down a hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it sounds spectacular -- you might be imagining a section of the old span dropping into the water \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRHVMi3LxZE\" target=\"_blank\">Bridge on the River Kwai\u003c/a>\" style -- the reality is supposed to be pretty low key. Most of the structure to be removed is below the bay's surface, so there will be no spectacular collapse. No, there won't be a geyser shooting skyward either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you want to see it, stay home and watch it on the Internet,\" Maroney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The structure to be removed is Pier E3, the largest of the old span's foundations. The structure, near Yerba Buena Island, extends 50 feet from the water's surface to the bay floor and then for more than 200 feet into the bay mud below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implosion is designed to destroy the pier above the bay floor as well as most of the structure embedded in the mud. Caltrans says it's worked with several outside agencies to make sure the implosion's impact on surrounding wildlife and infrastructure is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have devised a large platform of floating planks -- an attenuation mat -- to limit the spread of debris. An underwater bubble curtain will be in place, a measure designed to reduce the energy of the shock wave from the explosives detonated during the implosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maroney said the blast itself has been designed to minimize its destructive effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By having just under 600 different charges -- not released all at once, set off microseconds apart -- you don’t have one big shock wave, you have many small shock waves,\" Maroney said. \"So the amplitude or the threat of that shock wave is much, much less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implosion is set to take place at the time of a slack tide, the point when a high tide has reached its maximum or a low tide its minimum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maroney said the most likely time for the operation is at the midday high tide on Saturday, Nov. 14 -- about 1 p.m. But it could take place at the morning low tide, about 6:45 a.m., or sometime the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said a major factor in determining the time is minimizing impacts on mammals such as seals, sea lions and porpoises, and monitors will be watching them closely to help pick the safest time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implosion will have a brief impact on boaters, bicyclists and motorists on the Bay Bridge, and BART passengers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Highway Patrol will halt bridge traffic briefly at the time of the operation. Westbound traffic will be held at the Bay Bridge metering lights; eastbound traffic will be halted at the western portal to the Yerba Buena tunnel. The bike path on the new eastern span will also be closed beginning at 6 p.m. on Friday, Nov. 13, until the implosion is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART says it will hold trains outside the Transbay Tube, which will result in slight delays. And boats will be barred from traveling within 1,500 feet of the blast site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Goldzband, executive director of the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, said, \"The implosion is not perfect and species will be killed,\" but he said the implosion will cause less environmental damage than other methods of demolishing the pier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldzband said the alternative of mechanically removing the pier would take up to four years and require building a dam around it, which he said would significantly disrupt area wildlife and be difficult to manage and mitigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting by KQED's Andrew Stelzer and Bay City News. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There's nothing that says \"party\" quite like setting off high explosives and watching something big fall down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you dispute the truth of that observation, we enter as Exhibits A and B video of \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/_6QzIe2Abe4\" target=\"_blank\">the demolition\u003c/a> of Oakland's Oak Knoll Naval Hospital in April 2011 and the \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/7bWGL7vu5PQ\" target=\"_blank\">dynamite-aided leveling\u003c/a> of a 13-story building on the campus of Cal State East Bay in August 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The explosive charges go off, the buildings fall, and the crowd goes wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demolition enthusiasts are no doubt looking forward to the next big event on the Bay Area's infrastructure removal calendar: an implosion later this month designed to remove the largest pier of the old eastern span on the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual nature of the event -- originally planned for this weekend but now scheduled for the weekend of Nov. 14-15 -- may temper their enthusiasm a little, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans announced the change in plans Tuesday, saying that it had rejected the explosives that were to be used in the demolition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue, Caltrans chief bridge engineer Brian Maroney told reporters, was how the explosive are packaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to push it down holes, and we want that outside material to be tough,\" Maroney said. \"I don’t want to fiddle around with potentially the outside material ripping as we push it down a hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it sounds spectacular -- you might be imagining a section of the old span dropping into the water \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRHVMi3LxZE\" target=\"_blank\">Bridge on the River Kwai\u003c/a>\" style -- the reality is supposed to be pretty low key. Most of the structure to be removed is below the bay's surface, so there will be no spectacular collapse. No, there won't be a geyser shooting skyward either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you want to see it, stay home and watch it on the Internet,\" Maroney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The structure to be removed is Pier E3, the largest of the old span's foundations. The structure, near Yerba Buena Island, extends 50 feet from the water's surface to the bay floor and then for more than 200 feet into the bay mud below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implosion is designed to destroy the pier above the bay floor as well as most of the structure embedded in the mud. Caltrans says it's worked with several outside agencies to make sure the implosion's impact on surrounding wildlife and infrastructure is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have devised a large platform of floating planks -- an attenuation mat -- to limit the spread of debris. An underwater bubble curtain will be in place, a measure designed to reduce the energy of the shock wave from the explosives detonated during the implosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maroney said the blast itself has been designed to minimize its destructive effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By having just under 600 different charges -- not released all at once, set off microseconds apart -- you don’t have one big shock wave, you have many small shock waves,\" Maroney said. \"So the amplitude or the threat of that shock wave is much, much less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implosion is set to take place at the time of a slack tide, the point when a high tide has reached its maximum or a low tide its minimum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maroney said the most likely time for the operation is at the midday high tide on Saturday, Nov. 14 -- about 1 p.m. But it could take place at the morning low tide, about 6:45 a.m., or sometime the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said a major factor in determining the time is minimizing impacts on mammals such as seals, sea lions and porpoises, and monitors will be watching them closely to help pick the safest time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implosion will have a brief impact on boaters, bicyclists and motorists on the Bay Bridge, and BART passengers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Highway Patrol will halt bridge traffic briefly at the time of the operation. Westbound traffic will be held at the Bay Bridge metering lights; eastbound traffic will be halted at the western portal to the Yerba Buena tunnel. The bike path on the new eastern span will also be closed beginning at 6 p.m. on Friday, Nov. 13, until the implosion is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART says it will hold trains outside the Transbay Tube, which will result in slight delays. And boats will be barred from traveling within 1,500 feet of the blast site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Goldzband, executive director of the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, said, \"The implosion is not perfect and species will be killed,\" but he said the implosion will cause less environmental damage than other methods of demolishing the pier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldzband said the alternative of mechanically removing the pier would take up to four years and require building a dam around it, which he said would significantly disrupt area wildlife and be difficult to manage and mitigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting by KQED's Andrew Stelzer and Bay City News. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Gets Its First Real Rain of the Season",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. Tuesday, Nov. 3\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's first storm of the season -- the first \u003cem>real\u003c/em> storm -- rolled across the region overnight, bringing a healthy soaking to hills and valleys alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to National Weather Service reports, some of the rainiest locales as of 8 a.m. Monday included Mount Diablo, with 1.19 inches since the storm's onset late Sunday; a reporting station on Vollmer Peak in the Berkeley Hills, which recorded 1.12 inches; Livermore, which got 1.08 inches; and Redwood City, with .96. (See the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?wfo=mtr&pil=PNS&sid=MTR&version=0\" target=\"_blank\">complete NWS list of Bay Area rainfall totals\u003c/a> for the storm.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most other locales around the region had totals ranging from about a quarter to three-quarters of an inch by 8 a.m. Downtown San Jose recorded .83, San Francisco International Airport .41 and Oakland International Airport .34.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E reported that the storm had knocked out power to 2,730 customers as of 8 a.m. The wet weather was also causing delays of 45 minutes for arriving flights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system dropped much heavier totals elsewhere, including more than 2 inches in parts of Humboldt and Del Norte counties on the North Coast and between 1.5 and 2 inches between Interstate 80 and U.S. 50 in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snow levels started out near 9,000 feet in the Sierra but had dropped to below the level of the mountain passes by dawn. Forecasters said the heaviest snow should fall Monday from late morning into the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chains are required on U.S. 50, the main route from the Bay Area to Lake Tahoe, across Echo Summit. Chains are also required on Highway 88, across Carson Pass. Chains were not required on Interstate 80 across Donner Summit, although trucks are being checked to make sure they are carrying chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm is forecast to drop from a few inches of snow near the mountain passes up to 18 inches at the highest elevations of the southern Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, the storm is forecast to move quickly to the south through the morning. Partly cloudy skies and a chance of showers and thunderstorms are expected later in the day, along with gusty northerly winds -- up to 35 mph along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're in for cooler weather, too, with highs in the low- to mid-60s on Tuesday and lows in the 40s and 50s for the next couple of days, followed by a bit of a warmup through next weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When will the next storm sweep across the region? The National Weather Service says there's only a remote chance of rain for the coming week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. Tuesday, Nov. 3\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's first storm of the season -- the first \u003cem>real\u003c/em> storm -- rolled across the region overnight, bringing a healthy soaking to hills and valleys alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to National Weather Service reports, some of the rainiest locales as of 8 a.m. Monday included Mount Diablo, with 1.19 inches since the storm's onset late Sunday; a reporting station on Vollmer Peak in the Berkeley Hills, which recorded 1.12 inches; Livermore, which got 1.08 inches; and Redwood City, with .96. (See the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?wfo=mtr&pil=PNS&sid=MTR&version=0\" target=\"_blank\">complete NWS list of Bay Area rainfall totals\u003c/a> for the storm.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most other locales around the region had totals ranging from about a quarter to three-quarters of an inch by 8 a.m. Downtown San Jose recorded .83, San Francisco International Airport .41 and Oakland International Airport .34.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E reported that the storm had knocked out power to 2,730 customers as of 8 a.m. The wet weather was also causing delays of 45 minutes for arriving flights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system dropped much heavier totals elsewhere, including more than 2 inches in parts of Humboldt and Del Norte counties on the North Coast and between 1.5 and 2 inches between Interstate 80 and U.S. 50 in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snow levels started out near 9,000 feet in the Sierra but had dropped to below the level of the mountain passes by dawn. Forecasters said the heaviest snow should fall Monday from late morning into the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chains are required on U.S. 50, the main route from the Bay Area to Lake Tahoe, across Echo Summit. Chains are also required on Highway 88, across Carson Pass. Chains were not required on Interstate 80 across Donner Summit, although trucks are being checked to make sure they are carrying chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm is forecast to drop from a few inches of snow near the mountain passes up to 18 inches at the highest elevations of the southern Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, the storm is forecast to move quickly to the south through the morning. Partly cloudy skies and a chance of showers and thunderstorms are expected later in the day, along with gusty northerly winds -- up to 35 mph along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're in for cooler weather, too, with highs in the low- to mid-60s on Tuesday and lows in the 40s and 50s for the next couple of days, followed by a bit of a warmup through next weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When will the next storm sweep across the region? The National Weather Service says there's only a remote chance of rain for the coming week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>While the majority of Californians continued to save water in September, four water districts are being fined for failing to step up conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts around the state have had to meet strict conservation goals for four months now. More than a quarter of them are falling short, but regulators singled out Beverly Hills, Indio, Redlands, and Coachella Valley Water District for failing to show a serious effort to cut water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/5fc64c10-7f5d-11e5-9166-0e5db1731f59/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“We could have saved even more water if some residents, businesses and institutions in these communities had stepped up the way their fellow Californians have,” said Cris Carrigan of the Office of Enforcement at the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The districts each face a $61,000 fine and could be fined again in future months. Water board officials have the option of fining up to $10,000 a day if they decide the violations become more egregious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, Californians saved 26.1 percent in September, lower than the 27 percent saved in August but still above the Governor’s goal of 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials warn that water conservation is harder to achieve in the winter, when outdoor watering is at a low point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also warned that heavy El Niño rains are unlikely to solve California’s drought, because the water deficit is so large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“El Niño is here,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Quality Resources Control Board. “We’re pretty sure we’re going to get Southern California rainfall, but we need it in Northern California where many of our large-scale reservoirs are.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While the majority of Californians continued to save water in September, four water districts are being fined for failing to step up conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts around the state have had to meet strict conservation goals for four months now. More than a quarter of them are falling short, but regulators singled out Beverly Hills, Indio, Redlands, and Coachella Valley Water District for failing to show a serious effort to cut water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/5fc64c10-7f5d-11e5-9166-0e5db1731f59/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“We could have saved even more water if some residents, businesses and institutions in these communities had stepped up the way their fellow Californians have,” said Cris Carrigan of the Office of Enforcement at the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The districts each face a $61,000 fine and could be fined again in future months. Water board officials have the option of fining up to $10,000 a day if they decide the violations become more egregious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, Californians saved 26.1 percent in September, lower than the 27 percent saved in August but still above the Governor’s goal of 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thanks to the drought, a visit to Folsom Lake right now is a chance to walk through California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big reservoir on the American River northeast of Sacramento is nearing its lowest level since it first filled in the autumn of 1955. In what we'll hesitantly call a \"normal\" year, the lake level will decline as water is pumped out to surrounding communities or released downstream. Even so, it's still apparent you're looking at a lake, even if it's in reduced circumstances, waiting for replenishment from winter rains and spring runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the last couple of years have featured meager rain and the lowest spring runoff ever recorded. What used to be Folsom Lake has been transformed. Decades of inundation have drowned and scoured away most vegetation. The denuded lakebed is stark and wondrous, a sort of desertscape, a draw for locals and out-of-towners who have never seen anything quite like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of surreal,\" Dan Schafer told KQED video producer Adam Grossberg. \"It's really kind of cool and everything, but you're miles from the shoreline, and you just can't envision it filling up. But we're praying for that El Niño.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Folsom Lake sits at the outlet of a watershed that's fabulously productive in wet years, it can fill up with surprising speed. After it reached its nadir, near the end of the terrible drought of 1976-1977, the rains came. It took a little more than six months to go from record low to nearly full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although we've been hearing a lot of hopeful talk about El Niño, we don't yet know what this winter holds in the way of rain and snow. But maybe we'll see an omen this weekend: Rain and snow are in the forecast, and maybe that will be the start of the Big Refill.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Fresno’s Pumpkin King Struggles to Supply Region as Drought Takes Toll",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wayne Martin stands tall among hundreds of fleshy orange gourds that cover the ground of his pumpkin patch in Fresno. He greets customers with an easy charm that comes from 31 years in the business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/230868384″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hi folks, welcome to the Pumpkin King Pumpkin Patch. How are you today?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin is Fresno’s Pumpkin King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have you been here before?” he asks a family with several young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, for many years,” the father says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me too!” Martin says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not uncommon to see return customers, Martin says. “I have a lot of customers coming in saying, ‘I can remember coming here as a baby,’ and they’re here now with their babies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10738734\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10738734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-800x1028.jpg\" alt=\"The first truck pumpkin king Wayne Martin ever drove now hauls pumpkins.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1028\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-800x1028.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-400x514.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-1440x1850.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-1180x1516.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-960x1234.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first truck pumpkin king Wayne Martin ever drove now hauls pumpkins. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And Martin knows his pumpkins. He used to grow them, but these days he’s solely a pumpkin broker. He buys and sells about 2 million pounds of pumpkins a year. Typically, he meets demands with gourds from California. But this year, because of the drought, he had to cross state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very tough for us to find enough pumpkins, so we’re bringing them out of state,” Martin says. “If it wasn’t for the pumpkins I’m bringing out of Oregon, I would be running short this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the drought has hit small growers in California the hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s at least four or five small farms around Fresno I used to do business with that are gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s referring to the boutique you-pick pumpkin patches that locals returned to year after year, the ones with hay bales and corn mazes. He says one farmer moved out of state, while others retired or just quit farming pumpkins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin says it’s the same in Los Angeles, where a lot of small urban farmers just can’t afford to pay the fines they would accrue using metered water. Some of these farmers, in the “agritainment” business, still operate festive patches with pony rides and caramel corn. But they truck in stemmed pumpkins, instead of offering you-pick varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve hauled a tremendous amount of pumpkins to Southern California this year because most of the pumpkin farmers down there have simply given up,” Martin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10738731\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10738731 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"Alan Changala's Pumpkin Patch and Ranch in Porterville had a bumper crop this year. His 175,000 pumpkins are enough to sell to needy pumpkin patches in Southern California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-800x503.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-400x251.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-1440x905.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-1180x741.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-960x603.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alan Changala’s Pumpkin Patch and Ranch in Porterville had a bumper crop this year. His 175,000 pumpkins are enough to sell to needy pumpkin patches in Southern California. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, some farmers with healthy wells have had bumper crops, especially in places like Manteca, near Modesto, and the Central Coast. And there’s one farmer, Alan Changala, whose pumpkin patch in the Central Valley is drawing pickers from miles around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changala says he’s had to cut back on growing other crops because of the drought, but his pumpkin ranch, about 50 miles north of Bakersfield in Porterville, is thriving. He says he grows about 3,500 pumpkins to the acre, and he’s got 50 acres of pumpkins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough for Changala to sell to pumpkin patches in Southern California, where the water is really scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s something different — while the drought has been tricky for some growers here, canning pumpkin farmers in the Midwest have had the opposite problem: too much rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much so that Libby’s, the company that cans most of the pumpkin puree in the United States, reports much lower yields than usual. Fresno Pumpkin King Wayne Martin’s advice? Stock up now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you need pumpkin for your Thanksgiving pie,” he says, “you better get down and get it now because they’re gonna run out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just get a fresh pumpkin, he adds, and learn how to make your own pumpkin puree.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, for many years,” the father says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me too!” Martin says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not uncommon to see return customers, Martin says. “I have a lot of customers coming in saying, ‘I can remember coming here as a baby,’ and they’re here now with their babies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10738734\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10738734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-800x1028.jpg\" alt=\"The first truck pumpkin king Wayne Martin ever drove now hauls pumpkins.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1028\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-800x1028.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-400x514.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-1440x1850.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-1180x1516.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinKingTruck-960x1234.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first truck pumpkin king Wayne Martin ever drove now hauls pumpkins. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And Martin knows his pumpkins. He used to grow them, but these days he’s solely a pumpkin broker. He buys and sells about 2 million pounds of pumpkins a year. Typically, he meets demands with gourds from California. But this year, because of the drought, he had to cross state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very tough for us to find enough pumpkins, so we’re bringing them out of state,” Martin says. “If it wasn’t for the pumpkins I’m bringing out of Oregon, I would be running short this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the drought has hit small growers in California the hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s at least four or five small farms around Fresno I used to do business with that are gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s referring to the boutique you-pick pumpkin patches that locals returned to year after year, the ones with hay bales and corn mazes. He says one farmer moved out of state, while others retired or just quit farming pumpkins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin says it’s the same in Los Angeles, where a lot of small urban farmers just can’t afford to pay the fines they would accrue using metered water. Some of these farmers, in the “agritainment” business, still operate festive patches with pony rides and caramel corn. But they truck in stemmed pumpkins, instead of offering you-pick varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve hauled a tremendous amount of pumpkins to Southern California this year because most of the pumpkin farmers down there have simply given up,” Martin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10738731\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10738731 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"Alan Changala's Pumpkin Patch and Ranch in Porterville had a bumper crop this year. His 175,000 pumpkins are enough to sell to needy pumpkin patches in Southern California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-800x503.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-400x251.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-1440x905.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-1180x741.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PumpkinTruck-960x603.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alan Changala’s Pumpkin Patch and Ranch in Porterville had a bumper crop this year. His 175,000 pumpkins are enough to sell to needy pumpkin patches in Southern California. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, some farmers with healthy wells have had bumper crops, especially in places like Manteca, near Modesto, and the Central Coast. And there’s one farmer, Alan Changala, whose pumpkin patch in the Central Valley is drawing pickers from miles around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changala says he’s had to cut back on growing other crops because of the drought, but his pumpkin ranch, about 50 miles north of Bakersfield in Porterville, is thriving. He says he grows about 3,500 pumpkins to the acre, and he’s got 50 acres of pumpkins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough for Changala to sell to pumpkin patches in Southern California, where the water is really scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s something different — while the drought has been tricky for some growers here, canning pumpkin farmers in the Midwest have had the opposite problem: too much rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much so that Libby’s, the company that cans most of the pumpkin puree in the United States, reports much lower yields than usual. Fresno Pumpkin King Wayne Martin’s advice? Stock up now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you need pumpkin for your Thanksgiving pie,” he says, “you better get down and get it now because they’re gonna run out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just get a fresh pumpkin, he adds, and learn how to make your own pumpkin puree.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The East Bay Municipal Utility District has released its latest list of what it temperately calls “excessive water users” — 1,098 residential customers who are being penalized for consuming more than 1,000 gallons a day in the midst of the worst drought in the state’s history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the pattern of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/29/ebmud-excessive-water-users-list-part-2\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/29/ebmud-excessive-water-users-list-part-2\" target=\"_self\" title=\"More Names Released for EBMUD’s Hall of Water-Guzzling Shame\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Stuart Russell on Why Moral Philosophy Will Be Big Business in Tech",
"title": "Stuart Russell on Why Moral Philosophy Will Be Big Business in Tech",
"headTitle": "Big Ideas | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>From Hollywood to Silicon Valley, California leads the world with big ideas. On Monday we launched a new series focusing on a few of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our first episode comes from \u003ca href=\"https://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/russell.html\">Stuart Russell\u003c/a>. He's a computer science professor at UC Berkeley and a world-renowned expert in artificial intelligence. His idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the future, moral philosophy will be a key industry sector,” says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Translation? In the future, the nature of human values and the process by which we make moral decisions will be \u003ci>big\u003c/i> business in tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell's idea is at the center of a debate going on right now in computer science. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, imagine, if you want to build a robot to go in people’s homes,” Russell says. “This is something that could happen in the next decade,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/230150122\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that at first robots will do chores around the house, such as cooking, cleaning and laundry. But eventually they will take on more human tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now in Japan there’s a robot named \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCFYw8mIqcc\">Pepper \u003c/a>that’s designed to serve as a human companion. It's being tested with senior citizens. The idea is that instead of getting your granny a cat to keep her company, you’d get her Pepper. Russell imagines that one day robots will take care of our kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Presumably the robot companies will get their values loaded into the robot from a values company.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If you want to build a robot to go into people’s homes, you don’t want to come home and find it’s put the cat in the oven for dinner, thinking that was a good thing to do because the kids were hungry and there was nothing in the fridge, right?” asks Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how would the robot know that’s not what you wanted?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would want that robot preloaded with a pretty good set of values,\" Russell says. \"So presumably the robot companies will get their values loaded into the robot from a values company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10734627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-800x670.jpg\" alt=\"The humanoid robot Pepper chats with children at a high-tech gadgets exhibition in Tokyo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"670\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10734627\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-800x670.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-400x335.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-1440x1207.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-1180x989.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-960x805.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The humanoid robot Pepper chats with children at a high-tech gadgets exhibition in Tokyo. \u003ccite>(YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sounds a little creepy, no? Russell says fear of the brave new world of robots is as old as the word itself. In fact, the word \"robot\" was coined in a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.U.R.\">play \u003c/a>in which robots take over the world. From \"Frankenstein\" to \"The Terminator,\" that theme has run through the arts and popular culture ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russell says for the most part, scientists didn’t take such concerns seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The normal response to those kinds of things is to say, 'Oh well, you know it’s a long way off in the future, so we don’t have to worry about this,' ” says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently that attitude has changed. In the past few years, scientists have been more vocal about the dangers artificial intelligence could pose to humanity. Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking told the BBC that he thinks the “development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this year Hawking and hundreds of AI researchers signed an\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://futureoflife.org/AI/open_letter\"> open letter\u003c/a>, saying that if the industry doesn’t start building safeguards into artificial intelligence it could spell doom for humanity. Tesla CEO Elon Musk, who also signed the letter, gave \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/how-elon-musks-10-million-donation-will-help-keep-us-safe-from-artificial-intelligence-2015-7\">$10 million\u003c/a> to the cause. He went so far as to say that artificial intelligence \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">could be\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> humanity’s biggest “\u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat\">existential threat\u003c/a>.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10734694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-800x579.jpg\" alt='Physicist Stephen Hawking has said the \"development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"579\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10734694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-800x579.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-400x289.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-1440x1042.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-1180x854.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-960x695.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physicist Stephen Hawking has said the \"development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\" \u003ccite>(Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Russell also signed the letter, but he says his view is less apocalyptic. He says that, until now, the field of artificial intelligence has been singularly focused on giving robots the ability to make “high-quality” decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the moment, we don’t know how to give the robot what you might call human values\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” he says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russell believes that as this problem becomes clearer, it’s only natural that people will start to focus their energy on solving it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says, not to be flip, but nobody’s going to buy a robot that cooks a cat. So it’s just a matter of time before tech companies, universities and the government start pouring resources into programming robots with morals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In some sense [the robots'] only purpose in existing is to help us realize our values, and perhaps it'll make people better,\" says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From Hollywood to Silicon Valley, California leads the world with big ideas. On Monday we launched a new series focusing on a few of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our first episode comes from \u003ca href=\"https://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/russell.html\">Stuart Russell\u003c/a>. He's a computer science professor at UC Berkeley and a world-renowned expert in artificial intelligence. His idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the future, moral philosophy will be a key industry sector,” says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Translation? In the future, the nature of human values and the process by which we make moral decisions will be \u003ci>big\u003c/i> business in tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell's idea is at the center of a debate going on right now in computer science. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, imagine, if you want to build a robot to go in people’s homes,” Russell says. “This is something that could happen in the next decade,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/230150122&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/230150122'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that at first robots will do chores around the house, such as cooking, cleaning and laundry. But eventually they will take on more human tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now in Japan there’s a robot named \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCFYw8mIqcc\">Pepper \u003c/a>that’s designed to serve as a human companion. It's being tested with senior citizens. The idea is that instead of getting your granny a cat to keep her company, you’d get her Pepper. Russell imagines that one day robots will take care of our kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Presumably the robot companies will get their values loaded into the robot from a values company.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If you want to build a robot to go into people’s homes, you don’t want to come home and find it’s put the cat in the oven for dinner, thinking that was a good thing to do because the kids were hungry and there was nothing in the fridge, right?” asks Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how would the robot know that’s not what you wanted?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would want that robot preloaded with a pretty good set of values,\" Russell says. \"So presumably the robot companies will get their values loaded into the robot from a values company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10734627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-800x670.jpg\" alt=\"The humanoid robot Pepper chats with children at a high-tech gadgets exhibition in Tokyo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"670\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10734627\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-800x670.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-400x335.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-1440x1207.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-1180x989.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-960x805.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The humanoid robot Pepper chats with children at a high-tech gadgets exhibition in Tokyo. \u003ccite>(YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sounds a little creepy, no? Russell says fear of the brave new world of robots is as old as the word itself. In fact, the word \"robot\" was coined in a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.U.R.\">play \u003c/a>in which robots take over the world. From \"Frankenstein\" to \"The Terminator,\" that theme has run through the arts and popular culture ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russell says for the most part, scientists didn’t take such concerns seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The normal response to those kinds of things is to say, 'Oh well, you know it’s a long way off in the future, so we don’t have to worry about this,' ” says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently that attitude has changed. In the past few years, scientists have been more vocal about the dangers artificial intelligence could pose to humanity. Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking told the BBC that he thinks the “development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this year Hawking and hundreds of AI researchers signed an\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://futureoflife.org/AI/open_letter\"> open letter\u003c/a>, saying that if the industry doesn’t start building safeguards into artificial intelligence it could spell doom for humanity. Tesla CEO Elon Musk, who also signed the letter, gave \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/how-elon-musks-10-million-donation-will-help-keep-us-safe-from-artificial-intelligence-2015-7\">$10 million\u003c/a> to the cause. He went so far as to say that artificial intelligence \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">could be\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> humanity’s biggest “\u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat\">existential threat\u003c/a>.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10734694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-800x579.jpg\" alt='Physicist Stephen Hawking has said the \"development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"579\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10734694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-800x579.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-400x289.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-1440x1042.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-1180x854.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-960x695.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physicist Stephen Hawking has said the \"development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\" \u003ccite>(Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Russell also signed the letter, but he says his view is less apocalyptic. He says that, until now, the field of artificial intelligence has been singularly focused on giving robots the ability to make “high-quality” decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the moment, we don’t know how to give the robot what you might call human values\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” he says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russell believes that as this problem becomes clearer, it’s only natural that people will start to focus their energy on solving it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says, not to be flip, but nobody’s going to buy a robot that cooks a cat. So it’s just a matter of time before tech companies, universities and the government start pouring resources into programming robots with morals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In some sense [the robots'] only purpose in existing is to help us realize our values, and perhaps it'll make people better,\" says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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