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"content": "\u003cp>Was your heating bill a bit friendlier to your wallet this winter? If so, there’s a good chance you can thank El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exceptionally strong El Niño in the Pacific has been driving \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/monster-el-nino-transforms-worlds-weather-20138\">chaotic weather\u003c/a> across the globe for months, but it also contributed to a mild winter in the U.S., which was about 15 percent warmer than the winter of 2014-2015.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=”zVCqv5TKYC3HFMByoxD0YLpimFkWBXMg”]\u003cbr>\nThe milder temperatures led people to use less energy to heat their homes compared to the previous winter, a new U.S. Department of Energy \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=25952\">report\u003c/a> shows. Above-normal temperatures contributed to a 16 percent drop in demand for propane used for heating, a 45 percent drop in heating oil consumption and a 6 percent decrease in electricity consumption compared to the winter of 2014-2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating demand nationwide declined as much as 27 percent in December compared to the average of the previous 10 winters as measured in \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=about_degree_days\">heating degree days\u003c/a>, a measure of how much utility bills increase as a result of the weather, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though heating demand in January matched the 10-year average, February demand was 17 percent below normal and March was 26 percent below normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slade Johnson, an analyst for the U.S. Energy Information Administration, said it’s too early to know if such a dramatic fall in energy demand for home heating has been seen before until at least late spring when the nation’s heating season has passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The El Niño event is still occurring, although it is expected to dissipate by late spring or early summer,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The energy used for home heating is a contributor to climate change because of its use of natural gas, oil and electricity. Home heating accounts for about 63 percent of residential natural gas consumption, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating oil is often used in place of natural gas and electricity in the northeast. Heating oil is a highly-polluting crude oil product that emits about the\u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=73&t=11\">same amount\u003c/a> of carbon dioxide as diesel fuel — less than coal but more than gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of all households in the U.S. heat their homes with natural gas, the cleanest fossil fuel used for home heating, which emits roughly half the carbon dioxide as coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t be possible to know the exact effect that El Niño had on U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from energy use this winter until the final numbers are tallied later this year, but emissions from U.S. energy consumption were down by 2.5 percent in 2015 compared to the previous year, EIA analyst Perry Lindstrom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of that was because of the warmer heating season — especially at the end of the year,” he said. “The other emissions effect is that, as a result of the above, natural gas prices were low and natural gas pushed out coal in electricity generation.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Was your heating bill a bit friendlier to your wallet this winter? If so, there’s a good chance you can thank El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exceptionally strong El Niño in the Pacific has been driving \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/monster-el-nino-transforms-worlds-weather-20138\">chaotic weather\u003c/a> across the globe for months, but it also contributed to a mild winter in the U.S., which was about 15 percent warmer than the winter of 2014-2015.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe milder temperatures led people to use less energy to heat their homes compared to the previous winter, a new U.S. Department of Energy \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=25952\">report\u003c/a> shows. Above-normal temperatures contributed to a 16 percent drop in demand for propane used for heating, a 45 percent drop in heating oil consumption and a 6 percent decrease in electricity consumption compared to the winter of 2014-2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating demand nationwide declined as much as 27 percent in December compared to the average of the previous 10 winters as measured in \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=about_degree_days\">heating degree days\u003c/a>, a measure of how much utility bills increase as a result of the weather, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though heating demand in January matched the 10-year average, February demand was 17 percent below normal and March was 26 percent below normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slade Johnson, an analyst for the U.S. Energy Information Administration, said it’s too early to know if such a dramatic fall in energy demand for home heating has been seen before until at least late spring when the nation’s heating season has passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The El Niño event is still occurring, although it is expected to dissipate by late spring or early summer,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The energy used for home heating is a contributor to climate change because of its use of natural gas, oil and electricity. Home heating accounts for about 63 percent of residential natural gas consumption, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating oil is often used in place of natural gas and electricity in the northeast. Heating oil is a highly-polluting crude oil product that emits about the\u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=73&t=11\">same amount\u003c/a> of carbon dioxide as diesel fuel — less than coal but more than gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of all households in the U.S. heat their homes with natural gas, the cleanest fossil fuel used for home heating, which emits roughly half the carbon dioxide as coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t be possible to know the exact effect that El Niño had on U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from energy use this winter until the final numbers are tallied later this year, but emissions from U.S. energy consumption were down by 2.5 percent in 2015 compared to the previous year, EIA analyst Perry Lindstrom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of that was because of the warmer heating season — especially at the end of the year,” he said. “The other emissions effect is that, as a result of the above, natural gas prices were low and natural gas pushed out coal in electricity generation.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Is Silicon Valley Key to Delta Tunnels Plan? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The realities of water distribution in California have caused regional strife over the years. Most of the state’s precipitation falls in the northern part of California, but the greatest demand for water is in the Central Valley and further south. So California engineered the country’s most complex plumbing system to send water hundreds of miles south, much to the chagrin of many of the state’s northern residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lynchpin to this system is the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, a water source for 25 million people and 3 million acres (1.2 million hectares) of agricultural land. Pumps at the south end of the Delta divert water via aqueducts to farms and cities further south and west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta has more than 1,000 miles (1,600km) of waterways snaking between numerous islands, many of which support farms and small communities. The area also provides vital habitat for migratory birds and many fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Delta is threatened. Many of its islands are below sea level (and sinking), relying on levees that are one strong seismic shake away from disaster. And the ecosystem itself faces serious challenges. The Delta needs enough fresh water to sweep away pollutants, limit saltwater intrusion and protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, various interests have battled over how much water should be pumped out of the system for south-of-the-Delta water users. At the same time, federal regulators have stepped in to protect fish and place limits on pumping at certain times of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown is championing a plan, California Water Fix, he says will protect the Delta’s ecosystem and deliver water more reliably to those south of the Delta. But first he needs buy-in from some of the state’s biggest water users. For the most part, support for the project has fallen along familiar regional lines, with the biggest proponents in the Central Valley and Southern California, and the biggest opponents in the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley residents may think of themselves as Northern Californians, but when it comes to water supply, they actually have more in common with Southern Californians. As of right now, Santa Clara Valley Water District – the water wholesaler for Santa Clara County that provides water for nearly 2 million people – is weighing whether or not to participate in California Water Fix, which has a hefty price tag. The district’s decision could affect more than just Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weighing the Costs and Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Barbara Keegan travels to Southern California she hears a lot about how crucial California Water Fix is to the future of the state. But when Keegan returns home to Santa Clara County, where she is the board chair of the Santa Clara Valley Water District, she hears her constituents talking about how Southern California is “trying to steal our water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_659646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-659646\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2.jpg\" alt=\"A tour guide at the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San Jose, California, shows off a container of treated water. Santa Clara Valley Water District hopes to expand its water reuse program. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-1440x961.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tour guide at the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San Jose, California, shows off a container of treated water. Santa Clara Valley Water District hopes to expand its water reuse program. \u003ccite>(Tara Lohan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people like to characterize this as a battle of north versus south,” said Keegan. “What a lot of people don’t realize is that anyone who is south of the Delta, even if you’re in Northern California, you are dependent on that water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County imports more than half of its water and 40 percent of that comes through Delta conveyance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we have a stake in finding a solution,” said Keegan. “Because if 40 percent of our water were to disappear, that would be a big problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few people disagree that the Delta is in trouble, but there is no easily agreed upon solution. Keegan said her water district has faced declining allocations over the years because of regulatory requirements, which has meant less water. If the district says no to the project, it doesn’t mean things stay the same, said Keegan. “Maintaining the status quo isn’t really maintaining the status quo because it means constantly diminishing water. It could also potentially mean further degradation of the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district will likely be expected to take a position on the project by late fall. “We haven’t made up our minds yet,” she said. “We are still considering things and there are a lot of complex issues involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, the project is controversial. While Brown and his supporters say it will increase water reliability and protect the ecosystem, others are concerned that siphoning water at the north end of the Delta will mean worsening water conditions and less water flowing through the Delta farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’ve been here before with this deadlock. California Water Fix is actually a new name given to a pretty old idea. For decades water managers and politicians have been scheming over ways to bypass the Delta with a water conveyance system that would more directly deliver water to southern users. Back in the 1980s, Gov. Brown proposed the idea of a peripheral canal that would skirt the Delta. Voters soundly defeated the proposition in 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to 2006 when work first began on the Bay Delta Conservation Plan, conceived as an attempt to fund new water conveyance along with a massive restoration of the Delta’s ecosystem. When the 40,000-page draft of the plan was finally released in 2013, it didn’t get rave reviews. So last year, the Brown administration divided the plan, creating California Water Fix to address water conveyance issues and California Eco Restore, which pared down the habitat restoration efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heart of the California Water Fix is now twin tunnels that go under the Delta. The tunnels would be a massive 40ft (12m) in diameter and sunk up to 150ft (46m) underground. They’d siphon water from the Sacramento River and deliver it to export facilities in the South Delta. It would eliminate the need to pump all the exported water out of the South Delta, as is done now, which has caused river flows to be reversed and proved a danger to fish species that are caught in the pumps or pulled off their migration course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan comes with a hefty price tag, calculated right now at $15 billion for capital design and construction, and closer to $17 billion with mitigation, operations and maintenance costs figured in. Keegan said her agency would be on the hook for about 5 to 6 percent of the project, which puts the minimal cost for Santa Clara County around $1 billion. But it’s not the initial price tag that has her worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a civil engineer by trade and I know the history of large infrastructure public works projects,” she said. “There are very few of them that come within budget. A successful project could be one that only goes over by 50 percent or doubles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not yet clear to the water district’s board if the plan would be cost-effective for Santa Clara County, she said. There are still a lot of unknowns. “What if costs increase? What if some of the other partners drop out?” she questioned. “Could our county end up having to pay a disproportionate share of the project?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how to pay for the project is another issue. The district receives Delta water through the State Water Project, which is paid for through property taxes. But raising property taxes to pay for the tunnels project might not be possible. The Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association has cautioned the water district that raising property taxes without a public vote to fund the project would be illegal since it was not part of the original State Water Project infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keegan said she has heard positions contrary on that issue, but whether it is legal is only one matter; whether it’s the right thing to do is another. “If we participate in this then the people who live here are going to be paying for it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Schmidt, a former district director and vice chair of the Santa Clara Valley Water District, said he believes that cost overruns are a serious concern. “I don’t see a way in advance to reduce that risk to a level we can ignore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Options?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Norton, a member of the water district’s environmental advisory committee, called the “slice and dice” separation of the project into two initiatives a politically astute move by its proponents, but worries about whether the environmental portion will ever be funded, even if the infrastructure project does get approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she sees other implications if Santa Clara Valley Water District does participate. “How much indirectly by supporting this project is the water district continuing unsustainable water use in the Central Valley?” she asked. “It’s being sold as a water reliability project, but what else is good for water reliability? How else could these dollars be spent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, Delta water is a vital supply for Santa Clara County, but could that change in the future? Keegan said that the district is invested in the idea of recycled water. It recently completed an Advanced Water Purification Center that can treat wastewater to drinking water quality standards, although so far it’s only used for non-potable uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We plan to aggressively expand that,” she said. “A lot of times with projects your limitations are financial or just the time that it takes to do certain things. In this case one of the limiting factors is really getting public acceptance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with paying more money to import water, will Santa Clara County residents embrace drinking \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/articles/2016/04/10056/wastewater-resource-silicon-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recycled water\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmidt hopes so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the tunnels would reduce the incentive to greater self-sufficiency through increased direct and indirect potable reuse,” said Schmidt. “I see potable reuse as the real future for Silicon Valley with imported water serving primarily as backup sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is likely coming this fall from the water district on whether or not it will participate. Keegan said the district will hold more workshops and public meetings, and welcomes input from residents. But, she said this fall’s decision may not be a definitive yes or no. It’s possible that they will move forward with helping to fund more studies to determine the preliminary engineering and whether cost estimates are in fact realistic. Already, the district has contributed $9 million to studies on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is likely to be a lot of pressure from project proponents to get Bay Area water districts like Santa Clara Valley on board so that the project has enough critical mass and money to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My own opinion is that we are sort of like a swing vote on this,” said Norton. “We are quite influential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How key Santa Clara County will be to the project remains to be seen, but minimally its involvement would be symbolic. “We are a Northern California water agency, the fact that if we choose to buy into this and partner with it, that sends a message,” said Keegan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, she said, “We want to see a cost-effective comprehensive and reliable long-term solution for the Delta that also includes something that meets the environmental needs. So, maybe that is an impossible challenge, but that’s what we are looking for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"start\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/about/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> is\u003c/span> an independent digital media project dedicated to covering California’s water crisis. The project is part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News Deeply\u003c/a>, a new media startup and social enterprise based in New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Santa Clara County depends heavily on water imported through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is why the county’s wholesale water provider is one of a few water districts in Northern California that may participate in an expensive plan to build new water conveyance tunnels under the Delta.",
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"description": "Santa Clara County depends heavily on water imported through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is why the county’s wholesale water provider is one of a few water districts in Northern California that may participate in an expensive plan to build new water conveyance tunnels under the Delta.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.taralohan.com/about/\">Tara Lohan\u003c/a>\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The realities of water distribution in California have caused regional strife over the years. Most of the state’s precipitation falls in the northern part of California, but the greatest demand for water is in the Central Valley and further south. So California engineered the country’s most complex plumbing system to send water hundreds of miles south, much to the chagrin of many of the state’s northern residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lynchpin to this system is the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, a water source for 25 million people and 3 million acres (1.2 million hectares) of agricultural land. Pumps at the south end of the Delta divert water via aqueducts to farms and cities further south and west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta has more than 1,000 miles (1,600km) of waterways snaking between numerous islands, many of which support farms and small communities. The area also provides vital habitat for migratory birds and many fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Delta is threatened. Many of its islands are below sea level (and sinking), relying on levees that are one strong seismic shake away from disaster. And the ecosystem itself faces serious challenges. The Delta needs enough fresh water to sweep away pollutants, limit saltwater intrusion and protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, various interests have battled over how much water should be pumped out of the system for south-of-the-Delta water users. At the same time, federal regulators have stepped in to protect fish and place limits on pumping at certain times of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown is championing a plan, California Water Fix, he says will protect the Delta’s ecosystem and deliver water more reliably to those south of the Delta. But first he needs buy-in from some of the state’s biggest water users. For the most part, support for the project has fallen along familiar regional lines, with the biggest proponents in the Central Valley and Southern California, and the biggest opponents in the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley residents may think of themselves as Northern Californians, but when it comes to water supply, they actually have more in common with Southern Californians. As of right now, Santa Clara Valley Water District – the water wholesaler for Santa Clara County that provides water for nearly 2 million people – is weighing whether or not to participate in California Water Fix, which has a hefty price tag. The district’s decision could affect more than just Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weighing the Costs and Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Barbara Keegan travels to Southern California she hears a lot about how crucial California Water Fix is to the future of the state. But when Keegan returns home to Santa Clara County, where she is the board chair of the Santa Clara Valley Water District, she hears her constituents talking about how Southern California is “trying to steal our water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_659646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-659646\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2.jpg\" alt=\"A tour guide at the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San Jose, California, shows off a container of treated water. Santa Clara Valley Water District hopes to expand its water reuse program. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-1440x961.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Water-Deeply_photo-2-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tour guide at the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San Jose, California, shows off a container of treated water. Santa Clara Valley Water District hopes to expand its water reuse program. \u003ccite>(Tara Lohan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people like to characterize this as a battle of north versus south,” said Keegan. “What a lot of people don’t realize is that anyone who is south of the Delta, even if you’re in Northern California, you are dependent on that water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County imports more than half of its water and 40 percent of that comes through Delta conveyance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we have a stake in finding a solution,” said Keegan. “Because if 40 percent of our water were to disappear, that would be a big problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few people disagree that the Delta is in trouble, but there is no easily agreed upon solution. Keegan said her water district has faced declining allocations over the years because of regulatory requirements, which has meant less water. If the district says no to the project, it doesn’t mean things stay the same, said Keegan. “Maintaining the status quo isn’t really maintaining the status quo because it means constantly diminishing water. It could also potentially mean further degradation of the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district will likely be expected to take a position on the project by late fall. “We haven’t made up our minds yet,” she said. “We are still considering things and there are a lot of complex issues involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, the project is controversial. While Brown and his supporters say it will increase water reliability and protect the ecosystem, others are concerned that siphoning water at the north end of the Delta will mean worsening water conditions and less water flowing through the Delta farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’ve been here before with this deadlock. California Water Fix is actually a new name given to a pretty old idea. For decades water managers and politicians have been scheming over ways to bypass the Delta with a water conveyance system that would more directly deliver water to southern users. Back in the 1980s, Gov. Brown proposed the idea of a peripheral canal that would skirt the Delta. Voters soundly defeated the proposition in 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to 2006 when work first began on the Bay Delta Conservation Plan, conceived as an attempt to fund new water conveyance along with a massive restoration of the Delta’s ecosystem. When the 40,000-page draft of the plan was finally released in 2013, it didn’t get rave reviews. So last year, the Brown administration divided the plan, creating California Water Fix to address water conveyance issues and California Eco Restore, which pared down the habitat restoration efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heart of the California Water Fix is now twin tunnels that go under the Delta. The tunnels would be a massive 40ft (12m) in diameter and sunk up to 150ft (46m) underground. They’d siphon water from the Sacramento River and deliver it to export facilities in the South Delta. It would eliminate the need to pump all the exported water out of the South Delta, as is done now, which has caused river flows to be reversed and proved a danger to fish species that are caught in the pumps or pulled off their migration course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan comes with a hefty price tag, calculated right now at $15 billion for capital design and construction, and closer to $17 billion with mitigation, operations and maintenance costs figured in. Keegan said her agency would be on the hook for about 5 to 6 percent of the project, which puts the minimal cost for Santa Clara County around $1 billion. But it’s not the initial price tag that has her worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a civil engineer by trade and I know the history of large infrastructure public works projects,” she said. “There are very few of them that come within budget. A successful project could be one that only goes over by 50 percent or doubles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not yet clear to the water district’s board if the plan would be cost-effective for Santa Clara County, she said. There are still a lot of unknowns. “What if costs increase? What if some of the other partners drop out?” she questioned. “Could our county end up having to pay a disproportionate share of the project?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how to pay for the project is another issue. The district receives Delta water through the State Water Project, which is paid for through property taxes. But raising property taxes to pay for the tunnels project might not be possible. The Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association has cautioned the water district that raising property taxes without a public vote to fund the project would be illegal since it was not part of the original State Water Project infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keegan said she has heard positions contrary on that issue, but whether it is legal is only one matter; whether it’s the right thing to do is another. “If we participate in this then the people who live here are going to be paying for it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Schmidt, a former district director and vice chair of the Santa Clara Valley Water District, said he believes that cost overruns are a serious concern. “I don’t see a way in advance to reduce that risk to a level we can ignore,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Options?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Norton, a member of the water district’s environmental advisory committee, called the “slice and dice” separation of the project into two initiatives a politically astute move by its proponents, but worries about whether the environmental portion will ever be funded, even if the infrastructure project does get approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she sees other implications if Santa Clara Valley Water District does participate. “How much indirectly by supporting this project is the water district continuing unsustainable water use in the Central Valley?” she asked. “It’s being sold as a water reliability project, but what else is good for water reliability? How else could these dollars be spent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, Delta water is a vital supply for Santa Clara County, but could that change in the future? Keegan said that the district is invested in the idea of recycled water. It recently completed an Advanced Water Purification Center that can treat wastewater to drinking water quality standards, although so far it’s only used for non-potable uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We plan to aggressively expand that,” she said. “A lot of times with projects your limitations are financial or just the time that it takes to do certain things. In this case one of the limiting factors is really getting public acceptance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with paying more money to import water, will Santa Clara County residents embrace drinking \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/articles/2016/04/10056/wastewater-resource-silicon-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recycled water\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmidt hopes so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the tunnels would reduce the incentive to greater self-sufficiency through increased direct and indirect potable reuse,” said Schmidt. “I see potable reuse as the real future for Silicon Valley with imported water serving primarily as backup sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is likely coming this fall from the water district on whether or not it will participate. Keegan said the district will hold more workshops and public meetings, and welcomes input from residents. But, she said this fall’s decision may not be a definitive yes or no. It’s possible that they will move forward with helping to fund more studies to determine the preliminary engineering and whether cost estimates are in fact realistic. Already, the district has contributed $9 million to studies on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is likely to be a lot of pressure from project proponents to get Bay Area water districts like Santa Clara Valley on board so that the project has enough critical mass and money to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My own opinion is that we are sort of like a swing vote on this,” said Norton. “We are quite influential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How key Santa Clara County will be to the project remains to be seen, but minimally its involvement would be symbolic. “We are a Northern California water agency, the fact that if we choose to buy into this and partner with it, that sends a message,” said Keegan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, she said, “We want to see a cost-effective comprehensive and reliable long-term solution for the Delta that also includes something that meets the environmental needs. So, maybe that is an impossible challenge, but that’s what we are looking for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Experimental solar-powered plane Solar Impulse 2 has landed in Mountain View, Calif., after a three-day flight across the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Good morning, California!” the plane’s visibly emotional pilot Bertrand Piccard told a cheering crowd at Moffett Airfield, where he landed at 11:44 p.m. local time. He’s soon handed an extra large bottle of champagne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Solar Impulse team is attempting to fly around the world using only the power of the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/21/475113210/experimental-solar-powered-plane-takes-flight-after-9-month-delay\">As we reported\u003c/a>, Piccard took off from Hawaii early Thursday after a nine-month delay for repairs. The previous leg, a five-day long trip from Japan to Hawaii, broke a world record for the longest duration nonstop solo flight. But it also fried the plane’s batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/solarimpulse/status/724670652129640448\u003cbr>\nhttps://twitter.com/solarimpulse/status/724601229431721984\u003cbr>\nhttps://twitter.com/solarimpulse/status/724217612297748480\u003cbr>\nThe journey across the Pacific was the ninth leg in their journey, which started in Abu Dhabi. The team hopes to eventually end there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s meant to send a message about clean energy, the team says in a statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“By attempting the first solar flight around the world, pushing back the boundaries of the possible, going into the unknown, and taking on a project deemed impossible by industry experts, Bertrand Piccard and [alternating pilot] André Borschberg want to support concrete actions for sustainability and show that the world can be run on clean technologies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Experimental+Solar-Powered+Plane+Completes+Journey+Across+The+Pacific&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Many Californians may barely remember the \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/butte-fire\">Butte Fire\u003c/a>, which hit the Gold Country foothills last September. But people in Calaveras County do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I watched this all happen from my deck,” says farmer and beekeeper Sean Kriletich, who put out spot fires on his land and prepared for evacuation. “I \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/23/after-destructive-butte-fire-community-heals-soil-and-itself\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/23/after-destructive-butte-fire-community-heals-soil-and-itself\" target=\"_self\" title=\"After Destructive Butte Fire, a Community Heals the Soil and Itself\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. Exhibit Makes Disposable Plastic Trash Impossible to Ignore",
"title": "L.A. Exhibit Makes Disposable Plastic Trash Impossible to Ignore",
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"content": "\u003cp>Discarded plastic cups and bottles are so prevalent, they’re almost invisible. Whether it’s an iced coffee cup from Starbucks or a red Solo cup at a party, or a water bottle bought from a gas station, they are made to be used and thrown away minutes later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two artists are trying to raise awareness of the harmful impact of these plastic objects. Using post-consumer recycled plastic, they created two large inflatable sculptures, each about the size of a school bus. One is shaped like a simple plastic bottle. They other is a plastic cup with a lid and a green straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/260435732\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent weekend, the artists -- \u003ca href=\"http://janacruderfineart.com/\">Jana Cruder\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.matthewlapenta.com/\">Matthew LaPenta\u003c/a> -- set up their sculptures in Pershing Square, a park surrounded by glittering skyscrapers in downtown Los Angeles. Passersby snapped selfies in front of the bulbous shapes and approached the artists to ask questions about their intention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruder and LaPenta call this work “Natural Plasticity,” a phrase that both draws attention to just how unnatural plastic actually is, and is also a reference to “neural plasticity,” the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. Their goal is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created from the byproduct of oil and natural gas production, the neurotoxins and chemicals found in plastic have been linked to a host of public health concerns, including diabetes, obesity, various forms of cancer and reproductive problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10937346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10937346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The goal of artists Matthew LaPenta and Jana Cruder is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The goal of artists Matthew LaPenta and Jana Cruder is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artists plan to bring their sculptures to other locations around Los Angeles. LaPenta said the goal is to head west along the L.A. River, mimicking the journey of plastic trash toward the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because that's a huge problem, that everything's being flushed out to the ocean. And we're not really being responsible,” LaPenta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The artists cite Claes Oldenburg, the sculptor who turns ink stamps, shuttlecocks and ice cream cones into public art, as a major influence on their work. They also credit Chinese dissident artist and activist Ai Weiwei as a political influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruder said her awareness of disposable plastic began after the couple watched a documentary called \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7X-J1DhfjE\">\u003cem>Plastic Planet\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, a 14-country tour of plastic manufacturing and health dangers associated with products made of synthetic polymers. Later, during hikes through national parks, the couple would see plastic trash thrown everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was her personal health that really moved Cruder to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eHFv77HSVvhO7klVm7GaalxH3nvIzLLG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mother had breast cancer most of my life and when she passed away, I did a ton of research to make sure that I don't get breast cancer,” Cruder says. “And one of the things that I learned was about plastic and how it affects women specifically, our endocrine systems. And from that awareness, this choice in eradication of plastic out of my life happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policy activists say the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans has created a public health crisis. Visual artist Dianna Cohen runs Plastic Pollution Coalition, a global alliance of NGOs and businesses. She came out to the park to see the artwork herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people have heard of the \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Well, we’ve got multiple garbage patches in all five major oceans in the world,” Cohen said. “We’re not saying that they’re islands of plastic, we’re saying the entire ocean has become a plastic soup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen says public art like this can actually change people’s behavior. “To me, what this does is, it’s in your face,” Cohen said. “And the thing about it is, we become immune to seeing this stuff. If you drive home tonight, you’ll see it along the side of the road. You know, you’ll see it everywhere. And people don’t even pick it up anymore because there’s so much of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10937347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10937347\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The artists built the sculptures out of post-consumer recycled plastic.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"721\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The artists built the sculptures out of post-consumer recycled plastic. \u003ccite>(Guina Elvis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artwork also resonated with Eric Gharakhanian, who happened upon it while walking through downtown. He thinks projects like “Natural Plasticity” may lead people to rethink their use of disposable plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it'll make people more conscious of it, because it seems all too common to just see like a bottle on the ground. And to sort of have that like in such a magnified and large form, I think it might make people consider that,” Gharakhanian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gharakhanian said he didn’t realize at first that the objects are meant to draw attention to how much of this plastic ends up in the oceans. That’s why the artists say they need to be present with the art, to help make that connection and suggest ways to reduce the use of disposable plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re not saying that they’re islands of plastic, we’re saying the entire ocean has become a plastic soup.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m sorry guys, recycling doesn’t work, because we're producing way more than we can ever recycle, and we're exporting our recyclables,” Cruder said. “Other countries don't really know what to do with it. So, it’s refusing, it's getting to the point of saying no, I'm not going to use disposable plastic in my life and if we as consumers shift that, then I think those who make things that we buy will shift as well. So, it’s about shifting perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of inflatable plastic sculptures comes with its own headaches. Strong winds require the use of sandbags to hold the bottle and cup in place. Visitors tend to poke and prod the sculptures, requiring the artists to politely ask them to back away. And on a sunny afternoon, the heat demands the artists re-inflate the works using a rather loud air pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appearance of “Natural Plasticity” in Pershing Square was made possible through funding from \u003ca href=\"http://doartfoundation.org/\">Do Art Foundation\u003c/a>, RVCC, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharkallies.com/\">Shark Allies\u003c/a> and support by the City of LA Department of Recreation and Parks. After the sculptures reach the Pacific Ocean, the artists want to keep it moving. Their next stops could include Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon and other national parks fighting the onslaught of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see “Natural Plasticity” on display in Los Angeles at Griffith Park on Saturday, April 30, and Elysian Park on Sunday, May 1st.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Discarded plastic cups and bottles are so prevalent, they’re almost invisible. Whether it’s an iced coffee cup from Starbucks or a red Solo cup at a party, or a water bottle bought from a gas station, they are made to be used and thrown away minutes later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two artists are trying to raise awareness of the harmful impact of these plastic objects. Using post-consumer recycled plastic, they created two large inflatable sculptures, each about the size of a school bus. One is shaped like a simple plastic bottle. They other is a plastic cup with a lid and a green straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/260435732&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/260435732'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent weekend, the artists -- \u003ca href=\"http://janacruderfineart.com/\">Jana Cruder\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.matthewlapenta.com/\">Matthew LaPenta\u003c/a> -- set up their sculptures in Pershing Square, a park surrounded by glittering skyscrapers in downtown Los Angeles. Passersby snapped selfies in front of the bulbous shapes and approached the artists to ask questions about their intention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruder and LaPenta call this work “Natural Plasticity,” a phrase that both draws attention to just how unnatural plastic actually is, and is also a reference to “neural plasticity,” the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. Their goal is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created from the byproduct of oil and natural gas production, the neurotoxins and chemicals found in plastic have been linked to a host of public health concerns, including diabetes, obesity, various forms of cancer and reproductive problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10937346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10937346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The goal of artists Matthew LaPenta and Jana Cruder is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The goal of artists Matthew LaPenta and Jana Cruder is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artists plan to bring their sculptures to other locations around Los Angeles. LaPenta said the goal is to head west along the L.A. River, mimicking the journey of plastic trash toward the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because that's a huge problem, that everything's being flushed out to the ocean. And we're not really being responsible,” LaPenta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The artists cite Claes Oldenburg, the sculptor who turns ink stamps, shuttlecocks and ice cream cones into public art, as a major influence on their work. They also credit Chinese dissident artist and activist Ai Weiwei as a political influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruder said her awareness of disposable plastic began after the couple watched a documentary called \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7X-J1DhfjE\">\u003cem>Plastic Planet\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, a 14-country tour of plastic manufacturing and health dangers associated with products made of synthetic polymers. Later, during hikes through national parks, the couple would see plastic trash thrown everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was her personal health that really moved Cruder to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mother had breast cancer most of my life and when she passed away, I did a ton of research to make sure that I don't get breast cancer,” Cruder says. “And one of the things that I learned was about plastic and how it affects women specifically, our endocrine systems. And from that awareness, this choice in eradication of plastic out of my life happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policy activists say the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans has created a public health crisis. Visual artist Dianna Cohen runs Plastic Pollution Coalition, a global alliance of NGOs and businesses. She came out to the park to see the artwork herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people have heard of the \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Well, we’ve got multiple garbage patches in all five major oceans in the world,” Cohen said. “We’re not saying that they’re islands of plastic, we’re saying the entire ocean has become a plastic soup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen says public art like this can actually change people’s behavior. “To me, what this does is, it’s in your face,” Cohen said. “And the thing about it is, we become immune to seeing this stuff. If you drive home tonight, you’ll see it along the side of the road. You know, you’ll see it everywhere. And people don’t even pick it up anymore because there’s so much of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10937347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10937347\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The artists built the sculptures out of post-consumer recycled plastic.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"721\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The artists built the sculptures out of post-consumer recycled plastic. \u003ccite>(Guina Elvis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artwork also resonated with Eric Gharakhanian, who happened upon it while walking through downtown. He thinks projects like “Natural Plasticity” may lead people to rethink their use of disposable plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it'll make people more conscious of it, because it seems all too common to just see like a bottle on the ground. And to sort of have that like in such a magnified and large form, I think it might make people consider that,” Gharakhanian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gharakhanian said he didn’t realize at first that the objects are meant to draw attention to how much of this plastic ends up in the oceans. That’s why the artists say they need to be present with the art, to help make that connection and suggest ways to reduce the use of disposable plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re not saying that they’re islands of plastic, we’re saying the entire ocean has become a plastic soup.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m sorry guys, recycling doesn’t work, because we're producing way more than we can ever recycle, and we're exporting our recyclables,” Cruder said. “Other countries don't really know what to do with it. So, it’s refusing, it's getting to the point of saying no, I'm not going to use disposable plastic in my life and if we as consumers shift that, then I think those who make things that we buy will shift as well. So, it’s about shifting perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of inflatable plastic sculptures comes with its own headaches. Strong winds require the use of sandbags to hold the bottle and cup in place. Visitors tend to poke and prod the sculptures, requiring the artists to politely ask them to back away. And on a sunny afternoon, the heat demands the artists re-inflate the works using a rather loud air pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appearance of “Natural Plasticity” in Pershing Square was made possible through funding from \u003ca href=\"http://doartfoundation.org/\">Do Art Foundation\u003c/a>, RVCC, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharkallies.com/\">Shark Allies\u003c/a> and support by the City of LA Department of Recreation and Parks. After the sculptures reach the Pacific Ocean, the artists want to keep it moving. Their next stops could include Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon and other national parks fighting the onslaught of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Since the first Earth Day was celebrated 46 years ago, average temperatures across the U.S. have been steadily rising. This \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Central \u003c/a>interactive graphic shows a state-by-state analysis of those temperature trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across most of the country, average temperatures have increased at a rate of about 0.13°F (0.07°C) per decade since 1910. That trend is in line with the broader trend of rising global temperatures fueled by the accumulation of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"725\" height=\"620\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/wgts/Earth-Day-2016/map.html?utm_source=ext&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=EarthDay2016\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nOf course warming isn’t uniform across the planet, and some regions are warming faster than others. And since the 1970s, warming across the U.S. has accelerated. On average, temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have been warming at a rate of 0.45°F (0.25°C) per decade since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fastest-warming states over that period were New Mexico, Arizona and Delaware, which warmed at a rate of more than 0.6°F (0.3°C) per decade. The slowest-warming states were South Carolina, Georgia and Missouri, which warmed at a rate of 0.3°F (0.17°C) per decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since the first Earth Day was celebrated 46 years ago, average temperatures across the U.S. have been steadily rising. This \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Central \u003c/a>interactive graphic shows a state-by-state analysis of those temperature trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across most of the country, average temperatures have increased at a rate of about 0.13°F (0.07°C) per decade since 1910. That trend is in line with the broader trend of rising global temperatures fueled by the accumulation of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"725\" height=\"620\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/wgts/Earth-Day-2016/map.html?utm_source=ext&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=EarthDay2016\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nOf course warming isn’t uniform across the planet, and some regions are warming faster than others. And since the 1970s, warming across the U.S. has accelerated. On average, temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have been warming at a rate of 0.45°F (0.25°C) per decade since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fastest-warming states over that period were New Mexico, Arizona and Delaware, which warmed at a rate of more than 0.6°F (0.3°C) per decade. The slowest-warming states were South Carolina, Georgia and Missouri, which warmed at a rate of 0.3°F (0.17°C) per decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "Earth Day 2016: Five Ways to Get Outside This Weekend | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When Earth Day started in 1970, its founder, Wisconsin senator Gaylord Nelson, didn’t realize it would turn into a national movement. In fact, it started as a “teach-in” to discuss environmental issues at universities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of schools participated and 20 million Americans flooded the streets rallying in support of a healthier environment. Politicians took note; by the end of the year, the government had established the \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and strengthened the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/\">Clean Air Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Earth Day is the world’s most celebrated secular holiday, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthday.org/about/the-history-of-earth-day/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day Network\u003c/a>. With 27 national parks and 63 state beaches, California is one of the best places to celebrate on April 22. Whether you want to trek a mountain or stay in the city, we’ve compiled our favorite ways to enjoy the great outdoors this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Clean-Up Mount Tam + Enjoy a Wildflower Hike\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651219\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Mount_tam_for-web-400x580.jpg\" alt=\"Mount_tam_for web\" width=\"196\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Mount_tam_for-web-400x580.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Mount_tam_for-web.jpg 517w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What: \u003c/strong>Seven different volunteer events \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhere: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/events/volunteer-events/special-events/mt-tam-earth-day-2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meet\u003c/a> on or near Mount Tam\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen: \u003c/strong>April 23, 9 a.m. – 1 p.m.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>Free\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails: \u003c/strong>Sign up to \u003ca href=\"http://ggnpc.convio.net/site/Calendar?id=115204&view=RSVP&_ga=1.250377606.1056919468.1461101485\">monitor and track tsunami debris\u003c/a> at the base of Mt. Tam or\u003ca href=\"http://ggnpc.convio.net/site/Calendar?id=115603&view=RSVP&_ga=1.215445911.1056919468.1461101485\"> improve coho salmon habitat\u003c/a> on Muir Beach. You can also \u003ca href=\"http://ggnpc.convio.net/site/Calendar?id=115606&view=RSVP&_ga=1.169311521.1056919468.1461101485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plant and weed\u003c/a> along Creekside Marsh or remove French Broom from the Canyon and Moore Trails before hiking amid the wildflowers in bloom. All activities are designed for kids and adults with \u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/events/volunteer-events/special-events/mt-tam-earth-day-2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online registration\u003c/a> required before Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Explore the Hayward Fault’s Geology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651212\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/hayward_fault_walking_tour-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"hayward_fault_walking_tour\" width=\"192\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/hayward_fault_walking_tour-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/hayward_fault_walking_tour.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What:\u003c/strong> Walk along the Hayward Fault trail during a guided tour\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhere: \u003c/strong>Fremont\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen: \u003c/strong>April 23, 9:30 a.m. – 11 a.m.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>$15\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails: \u003c/strong>The Earth is a dynamic place and geologically active areas like the Hayward Fault permeate the Bay Area. The Hayward Fault is 40 miles long and about 8 miles deep and has contributed to Fremont’s natural beauty. During a two-and-a-half-hour tour learn about the science of faults and their effects in both natural and urban environments. You’ll even witness the floor of a building that shows evidence of the fault’s movement. \u003ca href=\"https://www.regerec.com/Activities/ActivitiesDetails.asp?ProcessWait=N&aid=45514\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Registration is required\u003c/a> and children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Beautify Oakland’s Urban Environment \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651309\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/kids_oakland_foe-web.jpg\" alt=\"kids_oakland_foe web\" width=\"192\" height=\"289\">\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5\">What: \u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Graffiti removal, trash pickup, weeding and planting \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong> Where: \u003c/strong>Oakland, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cfld9QsrRLVY0OUrf_7ycNNAvWQ6W3WzmhbCvSI4KzU/edit#gid=257080617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">various locations\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen: \u003c/strong>April 23, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cfld9QsrRLVY0OUrf_7ycNNAvWQ6W3WzmhbCvSI4KzU/edit#gid=257080617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">9 a.m. – 12 p.m. for most activities\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>Free\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails: \u003c/strong>Roll up your sleeves and get your hands dirty planting and weeding at Lake Merritt’s sensory garden. Or remove litter, re-paint the street posts, trim trees and generally clean up West MacArthur Blvd from San Pablo to M.L.K. Jr. Way. With more than \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cfld9QsrRLVY0OUrf_7ycNNAvWQ6W3WzmhbCvSI4KzU/edit#gid=257080617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">85 outdoor opportunities\u003c/a> to choose from, there are ample ways to give back during the city’s largest community volunteer event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Check Out a National Park\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651307\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Yosemite-falls_image-for-web.jpg\" alt=\"Yosemite falls_image for web\" width=\"181\" height=\"243\">\u003cstrong>What: \u003c/strong>Hike, bike, climb or swim in one of California’s 27 national parks\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhere: \u003c/strong>Multiple locations throughout California\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen:\u003c/strong> April 16 – 24, sunrise to sunset\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>Free\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails:\u003c/strong> It’s the 100th anniversary of the National Park system and during National Park Week entrance to all national parks is free. Some parks, like Yosemite, are starting to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/wroads.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">open roads\u003c/a> after a snowy winter so make sure to find out which trails are accessible. If you want to volunteer as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.volunteer.gov/results.cfm?ID=15772\">wilderness guide\u003c/a> or help \u003ca href=\"https://www.volunteer.gov/results.cfm?ID=13245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restore native habitat \u003c/a>on Earth Day, check out all the National Park Service opportunities on \u003ca href=\"https://www.volunteer.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Volunteer.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Stroll Through the Earth Day SF Street Fest \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/SF-Street-Fest-400x603.jpg\" alt=\"SF Street Fest\" width=\"182\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/SF-Street-Fest-400x603.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/SF-Street-Fest.jpg 637w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What: \u003c/strong>An all-day \u003ca href=\"http://earthdaystreetfest.com/\">outdoor street fair\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhere: \u003c/strong>22nd St. between\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Mission and Valencia,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>San Francisco\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen: \u003c/strong>April 23, 10 a.m. – 7 p.m.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>Free\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails: \u003c/strong>Sustainable food, ecofashion and interactive art will all be showcased during the annual street fair, which has now moved to the Mission district. Participatory events include a congo drumming session with members of SF Carnaval and a 15-foot-tall canvas that attendees can color in with water based paints. You can also listen to live music from one of three stages while scoping out electric vehicles on display in the Green Transportation Zone. All activities are family friendly and some, like the bike-driven merry-go-round, are specifically designed for kids. Try to show up early as more than 1,000 people are expected to attend.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Earth Day started in 1970, its founder, Wisconsin senator Gaylord Nelson, didn’t realize it would turn into a national movement. In fact, it started as a “teach-in” to discuss environmental issues at universities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of schools participated and 20 million Americans flooded the streets rallying in support of a healthier environment. Politicians took note; by the end of the year, the government had established the \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and strengthened the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/\">Clean Air Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Earth Day is the world’s most celebrated secular holiday, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthday.org/about/the-history-of-earth-day/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Day Network\u003c/a>. With 27 national parks and 63 state beaches, California is one of the best places to celebrate on April 22. Whether you want to trek a mountain or stay in the city, we’ve compiled our favorite ways to enjoy the great outdoors this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Clean-Up Mount Tam + Enjoy a Wildflower Hike\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651219\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Mount_tam_for-web-400x580.jpg\" alt=\"Mount_tam_for web\" width=\"196\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Mount_tam_for-web-400x580.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Mount_tam_for-web.jpg 517w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What: \u003c/strong>Seven different volunteer events \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhere: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/events/volunteer-events/special-events/mt-tam-earth-day-2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meet\u003c/a> on or near Mount Tam\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen: \u003c/strong>April 23, 9 a.m. – 1 p.m.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>Free\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails: \u003c/strong>Sign up to \u003ca href=\"http://ggnpc.convio.net/site/Calendar?id=115204&view=RSVP&_ga=1.250377606.1056919468.1461101485\">monitor and track tsunami debris\u003c/a> at the base of Mt. Tam or\u003ca href=\"http://ggnpc.convio.net/site/Calendar?id=115603&view=RSVP&_ga=1.215445911.1056919468.1461101485\"> improve coho salmon habitat\u003c/a> on Muir Beach. You can also \u003ca href=\"http://ggnpc.convio.net/site/Calendar?id=115606&view=RSVP&_ga=1.169311521.1056919468.1461101485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plant and weed\u003c/a> along Creekside Marsh or remove French Broom from the Canyon and Moore Trails before hiking amid the wildflowers in bloom. All activities are designed for kids and adults with \u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/events/volunteer-events/special-events/mt-tam-earth-day-2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online registration\u003c/a> required before Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Explore the Hayward Fault’s Geology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651212\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/hayward_fault_walking_tour-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"hayward_fault_walking_tour\" width=\"192\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/hayward_fault_walking_tour-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/hayward_fault_walking_tour.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What:\u003c/strong> Walk along the Hayward Fault trail during a guided tour\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhere: \u003c/strong>Fremont\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen: \u003c/strong>April 23, 9:30 a.m. – 11 a.m.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>$15\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails: \u003c/strong>The Earth is a dynamic place and geologically active areas like the Hayward Fault permeate the Bay Area. The Hayward Fault is 40 miles long and about 8 miles deep and has contributed to Fremont’s natural beauty. During a two-and-a-half-hour tour learn about the science of faults and their effects in both natural and urban environments. You’ll even witness the floor of a building that shows evidence of the fault’s movement. \u003ca href=\"https://www.regerec.com/Activities/ActivitiesDetails.asp?ProcessWait=N&aid=45514\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Registration is required\u003c/a> and children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Beautify Oakland’s Urban Environment \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651309\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/kids_oakland_foe-web.jpg\" alt=\"kids_oakland_foe web\" width=\"192\" height=\"289\">\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5\">What: \u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Graffiti removal, trash pickup, weeding and planting \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong> Where: \u003c/strong>Oakland, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cfld9QsrRLVY0OUrf_7ycNNAvWQ6W3WzmhbCvSI4KzU/edit#gid=257080617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">various locations\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen: \u003c/strong>April 23, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cfld9QsrRLVY0OUrf_7ycNNAvWQ6W3WzmhbCvSI4KzU/edit#gid=257080617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">9 a.m. – 12 p.m. for most activities\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>Free\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails: \u003c/strong>Roll up your sleeves and get your hands dirty planting and weeding at Lake Merritt’s sensory garden. Or remove litter, re-paint the street posts, trim trees and generally clean up West MacArthur Blvd from San Pablo to M.L.K. Jr. Way. With more than \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cfld9QsrRLVY0OUrf_7ycNNAvWQ6W3WzmhbCvSI4KzU/edit#gid=257080617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">85 outdoor opportunities\u003c/a> to choose from, there are ample ways to give back during the city’s largest community volunteer event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Check Out a National Park\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651307\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Yosemite-falls_image-for-web.jpg\" alt=\"Yosemite falls_image for web\" width=\"181\" height=\"243\">\u003cstrong>What: \u003c/strong>Hike, bike, climb or swim in one of California’s 27 national parks\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhere: \u003c/strong>Multiple locations throughout California\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen:\u003c/strong> April 16 – 24, sunrise to sunset\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>Free\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails:\u003c/strong> It’s the 100th anniversary of the National Park system and during National Park Week entrance to all national parks is free. Some parks, like Yosemite, are starting to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/wroads.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">open roads\u003c/a> after a snowy winter so make sure to find out which trails are accessible. If you want to volunteer as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.volunteer.gov/results.cfm?ID=15772\">wilderness guide\u003c/a> or help \u003ca href=\"https://www.volunteer.gov/results.cfm?ID=13245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restore native habitat \u003c/a>on Earth Day, check out all the National Park Service opportunities on \u003ca href=\"https://www.volunteer.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Volunteer.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Stroll Through the Earth Day SF Street Fest \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-651226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/SF-Street-Fest-400x603.jpg\" alt=\"SF Street Fest\" width=\"182\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/SF-Street-Fest-400x603.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/SF-Street-Fest.jpg 637w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What: \u003c/strong>An all-day \u003ca href=\"http://earthdaystreetfest.com/\">outdoor street fair\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhere: \u003c/strong>22nd St. between\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Mission and Valencia,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>San Francisco\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhen: \u003c/strong>April 23, 10 a.m. – 7 p.m.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCost: \u003c/strong>Free\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nDetails: \u003c/strong>Sustainable food, ecofashion and interactive art will all be showcased during the annual street fair, which has now moved to the Mission district. Participatory events include a congo drumming session with members of SF Carnaval and a 15-foot-tall canvas that attendees can color in with water based paints. You can also listen to live music from one of three stages while scoping out electric vehicles on display in the Green Transportation Zone. All activities are family friendly and some, like the bike-driven merry-go-round, are specifically designed for kids. Try to show up early as more than 1,000 people are expected to attend.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Cameras Around Lake Tahoe Change Fight Against Wildfires",
"headTitle": "Cameras Around Lake Tahoe Change Fight Against Wildfires | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A growing network of cameras trained on the forested mountains around Lake Tahoe is changing the way crews fight Western wildfires by allowing early detection that triggers quicker, cheaper, more tactical suppression than traditional war-like operations, experts said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high-definition cameras can be operated remotely to pan, tilt and zoom in the search for the first wisps of smoke in remote areas, said Graham Kent, director of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equipped with real-time and time-lapse imagery, the cameras piggyback on an existing, high-speed network that detects earthquakes, Kent told the annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, a half-dozen of the hazard cameras at Tahoe were credited with the discovery of six fires and provided early intelligence on more than 25, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The hazard cameras at Tahoe were credited with the discovery of six fires and provided early intelligence on more than 25’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The old style of firefighting is like storming the beach at Normandy, but if you can get on a fire early, with special tools, then it becomes more like a special forces situation,” Kent said. “Firefighting is going to become much more tactical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said more cameras are being installed across much of northern Nevada and close to the Utah border in conjunction with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. He’s currently working with firefighters in Oregon, Idaho and Montana to develop similar networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Vernon, a research geophysicist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, began developing the “virtual fire lookout towers” in 2002 when he and others built a large-scale, wireless network in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It now includes more than 64 fixed mountaintop cameras in 16 remote locations across San Diego, Riverside and Imperial counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Working with partners to provide this technology to the community is vitally important as extreme drought conditions, warmer weather and more frequent Santa Ana wind events have all contributed to increased wildfire activity and longer fire seasons each year in Southern California,” Vernon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_652359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1832px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-652359\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web.jpg\" alt=\"The ALERT system uses high-bandwidth microwave links to transmit high-definition images and near real-time data, which arrives within seconds to one of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory's data centers.\" width=\"1832\" height=\"966\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-400x211.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-800x422.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-768x405.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-1440x759.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-1180x622.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-960x506.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1832px) 100vw, 1832px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ALERT system uses high-bandwidth microwave links to transmit high-definition images and near real-time data, which arrives within seconds to one of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory’s data centers. \u003ccite>(Nevada Seismological Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The multi-hazard function of the cameras is especially valuable to communities such as Lake Tahoe and Reno that border wildlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big three for us are floods, fires and earthquakes,” said Kyle West, safety and training manager in Reno. The city is located in Washoe County, where officials recently updated their hazard mitigation plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said officials hope to have more than 20 of the cameras up and operating by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The notion of fire cameras has been out there for 20 years. But they were mostly closed circuit, analogue systems with poor resolution,” Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video feeds are available to state, local and federal firefighters and can be viewed by the public on the \u003ca href=\"http://alerttahoe.seismo.unr.edu/\">AlertTahoe Web site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Nevada, Reno scientists are working on technology to use “machine vision – to teach computers to spot the fires without humans,” Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of crowd-sourcing lookout towers,” he said. “Anybody in this room, if they are feeling anxious or just have a premonition, they can go onto AlertTahoe, right click on the camera pane and see the time lapse. We could have hundreds of people searching for fires at any one time – people who are just basically concerned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said the video feeds help fire managers make more efficient decisions deploying resources during the early stages of attack after a lightning strike is reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the old days, you would send a spotter plane at great expense, or you would guess and send too few or too many people,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said one of the Tahoe cameras picked up smoke after a storm last summer at a time most of the area crews had been sent off to fight fires in Montana, Idaho and Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They put a helicopter with a bucket on it and it was out after burning less than an acre,” Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A growing network of cameras trained on the forested mountains around Lake Tahoe is changing the way crews fight Western wildfires by allowing early detection that triggers quicker, cheaper, more tactical suppression than traditional war-like operations, experts said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high-definition cameras can be operated remotely to pan, tilt and zoom in the search for the first wisps of smoke in remote areas, said Graham Kent, director of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equipped with real-time and time-lapse imagery, the cameras piggyback on an existing, high-speed network that detects earthquakes, Kent told the annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, a half-dozen of the hazard cameras at Tahoe were credited with the discovery of six fires and provided early intelligence on more than 25, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The hazard cameras at Tahoe were credited with the discovery of six fires and provided early intelligence on more than 25’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The old style of firefighting is like storming the beach at Normandy, but if you can get on a fire early, with special tools, then it becomes more like a special forces situation,” Kent said. “Firefighting is going to become much more tactical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said more cameras are being installed across much of northern Nevada and close to the Utah border in conjunction with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. He’s currently working with firefighters in Oregon, Idaho and Montana to develop similar networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Vernon, a research geophysicist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, began developing the “virtual fire lookout towers” in 2002 when he and others built a large-scale, wireless network in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It now includes more than 64 fixed mountaintop cameras in 16 remote locations across San Diego, Riverside and Imperial counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Working with partners to provide this technology to the community is vitally important as extreme drought conditions, warmer weather and more frequent Santa Ana wind events have all contributed to increased wildfire activity and longer fire seasons each year in Southern California,” Vernon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_652359\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1832px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-652359\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web.jpg\" alt=\"The ALERT system uses high-bandwidth microwave links to transmit high-definition images and near real-time data, which arrives within seconds to one of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory's data centers.\" width=\"1832\" height=\"966\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-400x211.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-800x422.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-768x405.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-1440x759.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-1180x622.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Map_fire_cam_for_web-960x506.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1832px) 100vw, 1832px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ALERT system uses high-bandwidth microwave links to transmit high-definition images and near real-time data, which arrives within seconds to one of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory’s data centers. \u003ccite>(Nevada Seismological Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The multi-hazard function of the cameras is especially valuable to communities such as Lake Tahoe and Reno that border wildlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big three for us are floods, fires and earthquakes,” said Kyle West, safety and training manager in Reno. The city is located in Washoe County, where officials recently updated their hazard mitigation plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said officials hope to have more than 20 of the cameras up and operating by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The notion of fire cameras has been out there for 20 years. But they were mostly closed circuit, analogue systems with poor resolution,” Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video feeds are available to state, local and federal firefighters and can be viewed by the public on the \u003ca href=\"http://alerttahoe.seismo.unr.edu/\">AlertTahoe Web site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Nevada, Reno scientists are working on technology to use “machine vision – to teach computers to spot the fires without humans,” Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of crowd-sourcing lookout towers,” he said. “Anybody in this room, if they are feeling anxious or just have a premonition, they can go onto AlertTahoe, right click on the camera pane and see the time lapse. We could have hundreds of people searching for fires at any one time – people who are just basically concerned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said the video feeds help fire managers make more efficient decisions deploying resources during the early stages of attack after a lightning strike is reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the old days, you would send a spotter plane at great expense, or you would guess and send too few or too many people,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said one of the Tahoe cameras picked up smoke after a storm last summer at a time most of the area crews had been sent off to fight fires in Montana, Idaho and Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They put a helicopter with a bucket on it and it was out after burning less than an acre,” Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "benicia-looks-to-federal-regulators-to-resolve-oil-by-rail-controversy",
"title": "Benicia Looks to Federal Regulators to Resolve Oil-by-Rail Controversy",
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"headTitle": "Benicia Looks to Federal Regulators to Resolve Oil-by-Rail Controversy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Benicia’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=44047FFF-931D-4064-A8FE-9D39C8E9F3A1&Type=B_LIST\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City Council \u003c/a>voted 3-2 Tuesday to postpone a decision on Valero’s plan to build a \u003ca href=\"http://www.beniciacbr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">railroad terminal\u003c/a> at its refinery near the Suisun Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Howe, health and safety director for the Valero refinery, said the company asked to delay the decision until the federal agency that regulates railroads provides some guidance to Benicia officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they felt that they had a responsibility to be best informed before they made their decision,” Howe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero wants to build a rail terminal to connect the refinery to Union Pacific’s rail line and be able to bring in up to 70,000 barrels of crude a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many residents in Benicia and officials in communities along the rail line oppose the plan, saying it poses too many environmental risks and increases the threat of injury or death from a derailment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But three city council members said Tuesday it’s unclear whether they can reject Valero’s oil-by-rail terminal without violating federal authority over railroads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vice Mayor Mark Hughes voted to give the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stb.dot.gov/stb/about/overview.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Surface Transportation Board\u003c/a> until Sept. 20 to weigh in on the question of federal preemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like the fact that we don’t have some control — or that somebody’s telling us we don’t have control — of what goes on in or near our city,” Hughes said. “But the fact is, this isn’t about whether I like federal preemption or not. The question is whether it applies to this project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero already imports crude by ship and pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project would provide us a third means — primarily offsetting crude that we would have otherwise brought in by ship,” Howe said during a recent tour of the Benicia facility. “It doesn’t change any emissions from the refinery or our throughput here at the refinery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents of the project say it would expose communities along the railroad to new and greater risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10935078\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10935078\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Chris Howe, safety director for Valero's Benicia refinery, points to where trains would come to deliver crude oil during a tour on March 2, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10935078\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chris Howe, safety director for Valero’s Benicia refinery, points to where trains would come to deliver crude oil during a tour on March 2, 2016. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=B7EDC93A-FFF0-4A14-9B1A-1C8563BC256A&DE=26D88AB1-BB3F-4FF2-9924-D38F31BA0EA4&Type=B_BASIC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental review\u003c/a> finalized in January found Valero’s plan would have 11 significant and unavoidable impacts. Among them, worsening air quality, increased green house gas emissions and greater risk for injury or death from a train derailment — like the 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykv9Arbrwbg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oil train disaster\u003c/a> in Quebec in that killed 47 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a foolhardy project,” said Jack Ruszel, who owns a production wood shop down the block from the proposed site for Valero’s rail terminal. “Their trains, which they’re requesting to come in, are going to cross my driveway four times a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero plans to haul two trains a day — pulling 50 tanker cars a piece — through Sacramento and Davis on the way to the Benicia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento Area Council of Governments and Davis city officials have some demands for Valero and Union Pacific. They want the company to provide more training and resources for emergency responders and to load and transport the crude in the safest possible way, using the most modern tanker cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benicia’s Planning Commission cited many of those concerns when it unanimously \u003ca href=\"http://beniciaindependent.com/released-benicia-planning-commission-resolution-to-deny-valero-permit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">denied Valero’s permit\u003c/a> request in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil company appealed the decision to the City Council and announced plans to petition the Surface Transportation Board to issue an opinion to resolve the controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also asked city officials to delay any decision on the project until the federal agency responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero’s attorneys have argued that any attempt to impose conditions on how the railroad operates — even indirectly by opposing the oil-by-rail terminal — violates interstate commerce laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Kamala Harris disagreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an April 14 letter on behalf of Harris to Benicia officials, Deputy Attorney General Scott Lichtig wrote that federal preemption did not apply to a project proposed by an oil company — not a traditional “rail carrier” as defined in federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote that the California Environmental Quality Act actually requires Benicia to consider all the foreseeable environmental impacts of Valero’s oil-by-rail terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Benicia to turn a blind eye to the most serious of the project’s environmental impacts, merely because they flow from federally regulated rail operations, would be contrary to both state and federal law,” the letter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benicia Mayor Elizabeth Patterson opposed delaying a decision on the Valero project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said three years of environmental review and public testimony on the risks the project poses to the health and welfare of residents provided enough information to reject it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re suggesting the we should allow the Surface Transportation Board to make an opinion about the land use — and that they could in fact preempt our authority in land use — they’ve got a fight on their hands,” Patterson told the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the letter from the Attorney General’s Office below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=309879965 key=key-45Qns8eRmjUDAcWFXwu8 mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "City Council delays vote on controversial rail terminal amid argument that federal law preempts Benicia's choice.",
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"title": "Benicia Looks to Federal Regulators to Resolve Oil-by-Rail Controversy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Benicia’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=44047FFF-931D-4064-A8FE-9D39C8E9F3A1&Type=B_LIST\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City Council \u003c/a>voted 3-2 Tuesday to postpone a decision on Valero’s plan to build a \u003ca href=\"http://www.beniciacbr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">railroad terminal\u003c/a> at its refinery near the Suisun Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Howe, health and safety director for the Valero refinery, said the company asked to delay the decision until the federal agency that regulates railroads provides some guidance to Benicia officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they felt that they had a responsibility to be best informed before they made their decision,” Howe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero wants to build a rail terminal to connect the refinery to Union Pacific’s rail line and be able to bring in up to 70,000 barrels of crude a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many residents in Benicia and officials in communities along the rail line oppose the plan, saying it poses too many environmental risks and increases the threat of injury or death from a derailment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But three city council members said Tuesday it’s unclear whether they can reject Valero’s oil-by-rail terminal without violating federal authority over railroads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vice Mayor Mark Hughes voted to give the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stb.dot.gov/stb/about/overview.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Surface Transportation Board\u003c/a> until Sept. 20 to weigh in on the question of federal preemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like the fact that we don’t have some control — or that somebody’s telling us we don’t have control — of what goes on in or near our city,” Hughes said. “But the fact is, this isn’t about whether I like federal preemption or not. The question is whether it applies to this project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero already imports crude by ship and pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project would provide us a third means — primarily offsetting crude that we would have otherwise brought in by ship,” Howe said during a recent tour of the Benicia facility. “It doesn’t change any emissions from the refinery or our throughput here at the refinery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents of the project say it would expose communities along the railroad to new and greater risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10935078\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10935078\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Chris Howe, safety director for Valero's Benicia refinery, points to where trains would come to deliver crude oil during a tour on March 2, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10935078\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19220_IMG_6595-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chris Howe, safety director for Valero’s Benicia refinery, points to where trains would come to deliver crude oil during a tour on March 2, 2016. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/index.asp?SEC=B7EDC93A-FFF0-4A14-9B1A-1C8563BC256A&DE=26D88AB1-BB3F-4FF2-9924-D38F31BA0EA4&Type=B_BASIC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental review\u003c/a> finalized in January found Valero’s plan would have 11 significant and unavoidable impacts. Among them, worsening air quality, increased green house gas emissions and greater risk for injury or death from a train derailment — like the 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykv9Arbrwbg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oil train disaster\u003c/a> in Quebec in that killed 47 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a foolhardy project,” said Jack Ruszel, who owns a production wood shop down the block from the proposed site for Valero’s rail terminal. “Their trains, which they’re requesting to come in, are going to cross my driveway four times a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero plans to haul two trains a day — pulling 50 tanker cars a piece — through Sacramento and Davis on the way to the Benicia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento Area Council of Governments and Davis city officials have some demands for Valero and Union Pacific. They want the company to provide more training and resources for emergency responders and to load and transport the crude in the safest possible way, using the most modern tanker cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benicia’s Planning Commission cited many of those concerns when it unanimously \u003ca href=\"http://beniciaindependent.com/released-benicia-planning-commission-resolution-to-deny-valero-permit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">denied Valero’s permit\u003c/a> request in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil company appealed the decision to the City Council and announced plans to petition the Surface Transportation Board to issue an opinion to resolve the controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also asked city officials to delay any decision on the project until the federal agency responds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero’s attorneys have argued that any attempt to impose conditions on how the railroad operates — even indirectly by opposing the oil-by-rail terminal — violates interstate commerce laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Kamala Harris disagreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an April 14 letter on behalf of Harris to Benicia officials, Deputy Attorney General Scott Lichtig wrote that federal preemption did not apply to a project proposed by an oil company — not a traditional “rail carrier” as defined in federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote that the California Environmental Quality Act actually requires Benicia to consider all the foreseeable environmental impacts of Valero’s oil-by-rail terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Benicia to turn a blind eye to the most serious of the project’s environmental impacts, merely because they flow from federally regulated rail operations, would be contrary to both state and federal law,” the letter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benicia Mayor Elizabeth Patterson opposed delaying a decision on the Valero project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said three years of environmental review and public testimony on the risks the project poses to the health and welfare of residents provided enough information to reject it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re suggesting the we should allow the Surface Transportation Board to make an opinion about the land use — and that they could in fact preempt our authority in land use — they’ve got a fight on their hands,” Patterson told the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the letter from the Attorney General’s Office below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\"\n src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/309879965/content?start_page=1&view_mode=&access_key=key-45Qns8eRmjUDAcWFXwu8\"\n title=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/309879965\"\n data-auto-height=\"true\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"scribd_309879965\"\n width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n \u003ca class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__scribdShortcode__scribd_footer\"\n href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/309879965\"\n target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View this document on Scribd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "San Francisco Requires New Buildings to Install Solar Panels",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco will soon begin requiring new buildings to have solar panels installed on the roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the first major U.S. city to have such a requirement, \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Scott_Wiener/press-release-board-of-supervisors-unanimously-passes-supervisor-wiener-s-legislation-to-require-693deb9c2369#.3iu2945a0\">according to Scott Weiner\u003c/a>, the city supervisor who introduced the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance, which was passed unanimously by the Board of Supervisors, builds on an existing California law requiring new buildings to set aside 15 percent of the roof as \"solar ready\" -- clear and unshaded. That law applies to residential and commercial buildings 10 stories or shorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, instead of just preparing the roof for solar panels, such buildings would need to actually install some form of solar energy -- either electricity-generating panels or solar heating units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a step toward San Francisco's goal of meeting the city's electrical demands with 100 percent renewable energy, Wiener notes in his statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Activating underutilized roof space is a smart and efficient way to promote the use of solar energy and improve our environment,\" he says. \"We need to continue to pursue aggressive renewable energy policies to ensure a sustainable future for our city and our region.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=4399794&GUID=FE220DFF-2C3F-4F0B-8C9B-39F1A61039F2\">legislation itself\u003c/a> is even more explicit about San Francisco's particular interest in finding energy sources that don't contribute to climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"As a coastal city located on the tip of a peninsula, San Francisco is vulnerable to sea level rise, and human activities releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere cause increases in worldwide average temperature, which contribute to melting of glaciers and thermal expansion of ocean water -- resulting in rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"San Francisco is already experiencing the repercussions of excessive CO2 emissions as rising sea levels threaten the City's shoreline and infrastructure, have caused significant erosion, increased impacts to infrastructure during extreme tides, and have caused the City to expend funds to modify the sewer system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Reaction to the ordinance has been mixed. Two of San Francisco's former environment commissioners, both advocates for solar power, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/leading-way-solar-energy/\">celebrated the news\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/04/20/san-francisco-solar-building-law/\">Fortune magazine notes\u003c/a> that the new requirement is an extra hurdle for development in a city where new construction is already \"notoriously difficult.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.engadget.com/2016/04/20/san-francisco-solar-panel-mandate/\">Engadget suggests\u003c/a> the impact of the law might not be that dramatic -- San Francisco isn't seeing a ton of new buildings that are under 10 stories tall, the website says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/4/20/11467110/san-francisco-solar-density\">Vox argues\u003c/a> that boosting city density might have an even bigger impact on carbon levels than the solar panel law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new requirement goes into effect at the beginning of 2017. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco will soon begin requiring new buildings to have solar panels installed on the roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the first major U.S. city to have such a requirement, \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Scott_Wiener/press-release-board-of-supervisors-unanimously-passes-supervisor-wiener-s-legislation-to-require-693deb9c2369#.3iu2945a0\">according to Scott Weiner\u003c/a>, the city supervisor who introduced the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance, which was passed unanimously by the Board of Supervisors, builds on an existing California law requiring new buildings to set aside 15 percent of the roof as \"solar ready\" -- clear and unshaded. That law applies to residential and commercial buildings 10 stories or shorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, instead of just preparing the roof for solar panels, such buildings would need to actually install some form of solar energy -- either electricity-generating panels or solar heating units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a step toward San Francisco's goal of meeting the city's electrical demands with 100 percent renewable energy, Wiener notes in his statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Activating underutilized roof space is a smart and efficient way to promote the use of solar energy and improve our environment,\" he says. \"We need to continue to pursue aggressive renewable energy policies to ensure a sustainable future for our city and our region.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=4399794&GUID=FE220DFF-2C3F-4F0B-8C9B-39F1A61039F2\">legislation itself\u003c/a> is even more explicit about San Francisco's particular interest in finding energy sources that don't contribute to climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"As a coastal city located on the tip of a peninsula, San Francisco is vulnerable to sea level rise, and human activities releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere cause increases in worldwide average temperature, which contribute to melting of glaciers and thermal expansion of ocean water -- resulting in rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"San Francisco is already experiencing the repercussions of excessive CO2 emissions as rising sea levels threaten the City's shoreline and infrastructure, have caused significant erosion, increased impacts to infrastructure during extreme tides, and have caused the City to expend funds to modify the sewer system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Reaction to the ordinance has been mixed. Two of San Francisco's former environment commissioners, both advocates for solar power, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/leading-way-solar-energy/\">celebrated the news\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/04/20/san-francisco-solar-building-law/\">Fortune magazine notes\u003c/a> that the new requirement is an extra hurdle for development in a city where new construction is already \"notoriously difficult.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.engadget.com/2016/04/20/san-francisco-solar-panel-mandate/\">Engadget suggests\u003c/a> the impact of the law might not be that dramatic -- San Francisco isn't seeing a ton of new buildings that are under 10 stories tall, the website says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/4/20/11467110/san-francisco-solar-density\">Vox argues\u003c/a> that boosting city density might have an even bigger impact on carbon levels than the solar panel law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new requirement goes into effect at the beginning of 2017. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Study: Large Earthquake Long Overdue for California's Eastern Sierra",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Sierra's eastern front is long overdue for a large earthquake along the California-Nevada line, where a magnitude-7 event expected on average every 30 years hasn't occurred in six decades, scientists said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada Seismological Laboratory Director Graham Kent said the region's earthquake \"drought\" is likely one of the reasons the public has a misconception there's a low risk a serious quake will strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've experienced such a long stretch of not having earthquakes, we've sort of built in a sense of complacency,\" he said at an Earthquake Economic Resiliency Forum ahead of the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot.'\u003ccite>Graham Kent, director, Nevada Seismological Laboratory\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The experts are gathering in Nevada days after powerful, deadly earthquakes in Ecuador (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/19/rescue-crews-in-ecuador-face-ticking-clock-in-quest-to-find-survivors\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.8\u003c/a>) and southern Japan (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/15/7-1-quake-hits-southwestern-japan-second-temblor-in-24-hours\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.3\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismologists said Tuesday it's likely the Reno area will eventually experience the kind of destructive quake that rocked Japan, where nearly 1,200 houses have been destroyed in and around Kumamoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot,\" said Kent, who runs the lab on the campus of the University of Nevada, Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Koehler, an assistant professor of geology at Nevada's Bureau of Mines and Geology, said a magnitude-7 earthquake could potentially hit anytime, anywhere along the California-Nevada border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to start with the belief that an earthquake threat is real,\" added Craig dePolo, a research geologist at the bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said a magnitude-6 earthquake or larger typically strikes every 10 years or so along the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system running from south of Yosemite National Park to north of Reno and Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fIxSxVc6ORNbyig5LJtbk87yfSXMgbrV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were seven magnitude-6.5 or larger earthquakes in the region from 1915 to 1954, but none since, he said. The most recent magnitude-6 was 22 years ago in Carson Valley south of Carson City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates a magnitude-6 quake could cause up to $1.9 billion in damage in the Reno-Sparks area and $590 million at Lake Tahoe, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest earthquake ever recorded in the Sierra fault system was a magnitude-7.4 in 1872 in Owens Valley south of Yosemite. It's the third-largest in California history, behind the magnitude-7.9 at Fort Tejon in 1857 and the magnitude-7.8 in San Francisco in 1906. More recent studies of the fault lines and damage suggest the Owens Valley quake was probably bigger than the one in San Francisco, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-day seismology conference will address new mapping techniques to pinpoint fault lines, early warning systems and the growing use of social media to track widespread impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Smith, associate director of the Nevada lab, said early warnings have limited use in places like Reno where the faults are so close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the earthquake is under your house, you won't get much warning,\" he said. But new technology being developed in California could help mitigate damage on the Las Vegas Strip if a big one hits 150 to 200 miles northwest in Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you get a magnitude-7 like Owens Valley, it could translate into a 30 or 40 second warning for Las Vegas,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UNR lab chronicled the Owens Valley event in its March newsletter with historical excerpts from naturalist John Muir, who wrote about the violent shaking while at Yosemite on March 26, 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ran out of my cabin near the Sentinel rock, both glad and frightened, shouting, 'A noble earthquake!'\" Muir wrote. \"The shocks were so violent and varied and succeeded one another so closely, one had to balance in walking as if on the deck of a ship among the waves.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Sierra's eastern front is long overdue for a large earthquake along the California-Nevada line, where a magnitude-7 event expected on average every 30 years hasn't occurred in six decades, scientists said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada Seismological Laboratory Director Graham Kent said the region's earthquake \"drought\" is likely one of the reasons the public has a misconception there's a low risk a serious quake will strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've experienced such a long stretch of not having earthquakes, we've sort of built in a sense of complacency,\" he said at an Earthquake Economic Resiliency Forum ahead of the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot.'\u003ccite>Graham Kent, director, Nevada Seismological Laboratory\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The experts are gathering in Nevada days after powerful, deadly earthquakes in Ecuador (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/19/rescue-crews-in-ecuador-face-ticking-clock-in-quest-to-find-survivors\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.8\u003c/a>) and southern Japan (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/15/7-1-quake-hits-southwestern-japan-second-temblor-in-24-hours\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.3\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismologists said Tuesday it's likely the Reno area will eventually experience the kind of destructive quake that rocked Japan, where nearly 1,200 houses have been destroyed in and around Kumamoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot,\" said Kent, who runs the lab on the campus of the University of Nevada, Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Koehler, an assistant professor of geology at Nevada's Bureau of Mines and Geology, said a magnitude-7 earthquake could potentially hit anytime, anywhere along the California-Nevada border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to start with the belief that an earthquake threat is real,\" added Craig dePolo, a research geologist at the bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said a magnitude-6 earthquake or larger typically strikes every 10 years or so along the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system running from south of Yosemite National Park to north of Reno and Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were seven magnitude-6.5 or larger earthquakes in the region from 1915 to 1954, but none since, he said. The most recent magnitude-6 was 22 years ago in Carson Valley south of Carson City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates a magnitude-6 quake could cause up to $1.9 billion in damage in the Reno-Sparks area and $590 million at Lake Tahoe, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest earthquake ever recorded in the Sierra fault system was a magnitude-7.4 in 1872 in Owens Valley south of Yosemite. It's the third-largest in California history, behind the magnitude-7.9 at Fort Tejon in 1857 and the magnitude-7.8 in San Francisco in 1906. More recent studies of the fault lines and damage suggest the Owens Valley quake was probably bigger than the one in San Francisco, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-day seismology conference will address new mapping techniques to pinpoint fault lines, early warning systems and the growing use of social media to track widespread impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Smith, associate director of the Nevada lab, said early warnings have limited use in places like Reno where the faults are so close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the earthquake is under your house, you won't get much warning,\" he said. But new technology being developed in California could help mitigate damage on the Las Vegas Strip if a big one hits 150 to 200 miles northwest in Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you get a magnitude-7 like Owens Valley, it could translate into a 30 or 40 second warning for Las Vegas,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UNR lab chronicled the Owens Valley event in its March newsletter with historical excerpts from naturalist John Muir, who wrote about the violent shaking while at Yosemite on March 26, 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ran out of my cabin near the Sentinel rock, both glad and frightened, shouting, 'A noble earthquake!'\" Muir wrote. \"The shocks were so violent and varied and succeeded one another so closely, one had to balance in walking as if on the deck of a ship among the waves.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Is California’s Water System Really Broken?",
"headTitle": "Is California’s Water System Really Broken? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Farmers in the western San Joaquin Valley are facing another year with curtailed water allocations, while fish populations are as low as they’ve ever been. Something, clearly, isn’t working, and agriculture industry lobbyists say they know what the problem is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our water delivery system is broken,” says Gayle Holman, spokesperson for Westlands Water District, a large San Joaquin Valley farming region expected to take a hard hit this year from reduced water deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Gr8fse4v90zRv9sxyPZNSirJ8tLqmkeL”]Holman argues that environmental restrictions against pumping water from the Delta are harming farmers’ livelihoods without doing any good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish, agriculture, communities – none of them are benefiting from the precautions [against pumping],” Holman claims. “We’re seeing an overall erosion of the productivity of the Delta and the farmland south of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no doubt that fish species such as winter-run Chinook salmon, delta smelt and several others are slipping toward extinction – but why? Farm lobbyists say removal of water from the Delta has little to do with the declines and that non-native species are a bigger problem. They say striped bass are eating imperiled fishes at unsustainable rates, and over the past few years water users have supported multiple legislative efforts to cull striped bass numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Predation [on salmon] is a huge problem we haven’t addressed,” says Mike Wade, the executive director of the California Farm Water Coalition, a group that lobbies for farmers statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research conducted in 2012 on the Tuolumne River by the private research firm FishBio found striped bass stuffed with baby salmon. To many water users, this is clear and damning evidence that striped bass are a lead driver in the decades-long decline of the Central Valley’s native fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the problem isn’t so simple, according to numerous fishery scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, these fish often die in the mouth of a striped bass,” says Jon Rosenfield, a conservation biologist with the Bay Institute, a watchdog environmental group in San Francisco. “But when a person dies in the emergency room, it wasn’t the hospital that killed them. So, the question you have to ask is, what conditions got the fish into the striped bass’s mouth?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire ecosystem is collapsing, and striped bass numbers are plunging about as rapidly as those of salmon, smelt and other species. Rosenfield says so much water is now being taken out of the Delta on an annual basis that what was once a thriving estuary functions today more like a large, warm-water swamp, friendly to some non-native fishes, such as black bass, catfish and sunfish, but very hostile to most native fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These [farm groups] always want to remove the predators, and that is not the solution,” Rosenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, he maintains, restoring the Central Valley’s waterways and their seasonal flow patterns to something resembling their natural state would prompt a response in native fish numbers. It is well known that gushing winter and spring floods can essentially wash juvenile salmon safely out to sea in a protective smokescreen of mud and silt. For this reason, salmon hatcheries often release their smolts immediately after large rain events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists such as striped bass expert David Ostrach, U.C. Davis’ Peter Moyle and Carson Jeffres, and California Trout’s Jacob Katz, have all argued that the loss of annual flood cycles, as well as riverside floodplain habitat, has made survival for small fish in the Central Valley’s waterways almost impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FishBio’s Doug Demko, who led the Tuolumne River research, says he has observed that young salmon do poorly when river and Delta flows are reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those low-flow and medium-flow water years, juvenile salmon mortality is extremely high,” Demko says. “In high-flow years, we get much higher survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Striped bass were introduced to California in the late 1800s. The fish took well to the Bay and Delta. As a species, they established themselves, naturalized and boomed. For about 80 years striped bass thrived. Ostrach says there may have been 4 million adult striped bass in the Bay-Delta system in the 1960s. There may have been even more in the decades prior, before close scientific fish surveys had begun. Meanwhile, Chinook salmon – especially the commercial important fall run – supported by fish hatcheries, remained fairly strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1951, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Central Valley Project began operating a massive pumping station in the southern Delta. About a decade later, the California Department of Water Resources introduced a similar pumping station to support its own conveyance system, the State Water Project. Pumping rates grew steadily from about 1.5 million acre-feet (1.8 billion cubic meters) in the 1960s to the 4 million acre-foot level by the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the decline of the Delta ecosystem began in earnest. This deterioration has been closely tracked by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, which started an annual survey called the Fall Midwater Trawl in 1967. The idea was to take a yearly snapshot of fish abundance by dragging the same-sized net over the same parcels of water on about the same days every year. In the survey’s first year, department biologists calculated an abundance index of 19,677 juvenile stripers . That number has dropped steadily since, to anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 through the 1980s and 1990s. Over the same time period, winter-run Chinook salmon, as well as salmon runs in the San Joaquin River, followed a similar downward trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in the early 2000s – after a rapid increase in water pumping pushed Delta exports to record rates of more than 6 million acre-feet (7.4 billion cubic meters) – the decline accelerated, with the striper index ranging from a few dozen to about 300. Bar graphs showing the survey results for several other species look nearly the same, with abundance of each bottoming out to almost nothing in the early 2000s. Delta smelt are now considered essentially extinct in the wild. The simultaneous crash of multiple Delta fish species has been so dramatic that biologists even have a name for it – the Pelagic Organism Decline .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm lobbyists remain unconvinced. Wade, at the California Farm Water Coalition, says attributing fish declines to water diversions is erroneous and causes needless harm to growers of fruit trees and vegetable crops in the western San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no science that shows the export pumps at the south end of the Delta are having a long-term impact on salmon or delta smelt,” Wade says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the correlation between water pumping and fish declines grows even stronger when fall-run Chinook salmon are added to the equation: In the early 2000s, as the Pelagic Organism Decline began, the Sacramento’s fall run finally caved, as well. Record low returns of the fish came three years after the record high Delta exports. The entire fishery was closed for the first time in 2008. In a 2009 report , scientists with the National Marine Fisheries Service attributed the decline to a combination of poor ocean conditions as well as inland habitat problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize … that the rapid and likely temporary deterioration in ocean conditions is acting on top of a long-term, steady degradation of the freshwater and estuarine environment,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much water must be left to flow through the estuary? A certain amount is needed just to keep saltwater from entering the Delta and the pumps themselves. Rosenfield says that from October through March, 1.97 million acre-feet (2.43 billion cubic meters) were allowed through the Delta for this essential purpose – or about 12 percent of the water that fell as precipitation in the Central Valley drainage basin in that time. While fish are often blamed by farmers for hindering operation of the Delta pumps, endangered species protections were responsible for only 664,000 acre-feet – or 4 percent of the basin’s total precipitation – that entered the Bay in that time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an average year, more than half the Central Valley’s winter–spring runoff is captured behind dams or pumped out of the Delta, according to Rosenfield. That’s too much. Scientists have calculated that a healthy Delta ecosystem would need closer to 75 percent of that flow moving through the estuary and into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water alone may not be enough to help the fish. Jacob Katz at California Trout says Chinook salmon also need riverside habitat that floods annually. Katz has led research showing that juvenile salmon that are given access to flooded rice fields beside the Sacramento River grow exceptionally fast and, ultimately, have vastly better odds of avoiding predators and reaching the ocean. This habitat has been mostly eliminated from California’s rivers by levees and berms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Bay-Delta’s striped bass population, it has been dwindling for years. Ostrach says there may be as few as 250,000 adults today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there is no doubt striped bass have suffered for the same reasons as salmon and smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A combined set of factors has aligned against all of the [Delta’s] fisheries,” Ostrach says. “The major problem is that we no longer have a functioning estuary but have engineered an ecosystem much more similar to an Arkansas lake. It’s no wonder that fish that live in an estuary can’t survive here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of multiple estuarine species at once suggests the environment they share in common is under extreme pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delta smelt lived for 20,000 years in the Delta, and they’ve survived earthquakes and floods and drought and every kind of thing nature has thrown at them, but they can’t survive us,” Rosenfield says. “And Chinook salmon have thrived in every major system from here up to Alaska and around to Russia and Japan, but they can’t survive in our rivers anymore. What does this say about our rivers?”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Farmers in the western San Joaquin Valley are facing another year with curtailed water allocations, while fish populations are as low as they’ve ever been. Something, clearly, isn’t working, and agriculture industry lobbyists say they know what the problem is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our water delivery system is broken,” says Gayle Holman, spokesperson for Westlands Water District, a large San Joaquin Valley farming region expected to take a hard hit this year from reduced water deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Holman argues that environmental restrictions against pumping water from the Delta are harming farmers’ livelihoods without doing any good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish, agriculture, communities – none of them are benefiting from the precautions [against pumping],” Holman claims. “We’re seeing an overall erosion of the productivity of the Delta and the farmland south of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no doubt that fish species such as winter-run Chinook salmon, delta smelt and several others are slipping toward extinction – but why? Farm lobbyists say removal of water from the Delta has little to do with the declines and that non-native species are a bigger problem. They say striped bass are eating imperiled fishes at unsustainable rates, and over the past few years water users have supported multiple legislative efforts to cull striped bass numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Predation [on salmon] is a huge problem we haven’t addressed,” says Mike Wade, the executive director of the California Farm Water Coalition, a group that lobbies for farmers statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research conducted in 2012 on the Tuolumne River by the private research firm FishBio found striped bass stuffed with baby salmon. To many water users, this is clear and damning evidence that striped bass are a lead driver in the decades-long decline of the Central Valley’s native fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the problem isn’t so simple, according to numerous fishery scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, these fish often die in the mouth of a striped bass,” says Jon Rosenfield, a conservation biologist with the Bay Institute, a watchdog environmental group in San Francisco. “But when a person dies in the emergency room, it wasn’t the hospital that killed them. So, the question you have to ask is, what conditions got the fish into the striped bass’s mouth?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire ecosystem is collapsing, and striped bass numbers are plunging about as rapidly as those of salmon, smelt and other species. Rosenfield says so much water is now being taken out of the Delta on an annual basis that what was once a thriving estuary functions today more like a large, warm-water swamp, friendly to some non-native fishes, such as black bass, catfish and sunfish, but very hostile to most native fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These [farm groups] always want to remove the predators, and that is not the solution,” Rosenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, he maintains, restoring the Central Valley’s waterways and their seasonal flow patterns to something resembling their natural state would prompt a response in native fish numbers. It is well known that gushing winter and spring floods can essentially wash juvenile salmon safely out to sea in a protective smokescreen of mud and silt. For this reason, salmon hatcheries often release their smolts immediately after large rain events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists such as striped bass expert David Ostrach, U.C. Davis’ Peter Moyle and Carson Jeffres, and California Trout’s Jacob Katz, have all argued that the loss of annual flood cycles, as well as riverside floodplain habitat, has made survival for small fish in the Central Valley’s waterways almost impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FishBio’s Doug Demko, who led the Tuolumne River research, says he has observed that young salmon do poorly when river and Delta flows are reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those low-flow and medium-flow water years, juvenile salmon mortality is extremely high,” Demko says. “In high-flow years, we get much higher survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Striped bass were introduced to California in the late 1800s. The fish took well to the Bay and Delta. As a species, they established themselves, naturalized and boomed. For about 80 years striped bass thrived. Ostrach says there may have been 4 million adult striped bass in the Bay-Delta system in the 1960s. There may have been even more in the decades prior, before close scientific fish surveys had begun. Meanwhile, Chinook salmon – especially the commercial important fall run – supported by fish hatcheries, remained fairly strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1951, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Central Valley Project began operating a massive pumping station in the southern Delta. About a decade later, the California Department of Water Resources introduced a similar pumping station to support its own conveyance system, the State Water Project. Pumping rates grew steadily from about 1.5 million acre-feet (1.8 billion cubic meters) in the 1960s to the 4 million acre-foot level by the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the decline of the Delta ecosystem began in earnest. This deterioration has been closely tracked by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, which started an annual survey called the Fall Midwater Trawl in 1967. The idea was to take a yearly snapshot of fish abundance by dragging the same-sized net over the same parcels of water on about the same days every year. In the survey’s first year, department biologists calculated an abundance index of 19,677 juvenile stripers . That number has dropped steadily since, to anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 through the 1980s and 1990s. Over the same time period, winter-run Chinook salmon, as well as salmon runs in the San Joaquin River, followed a similar downward trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in the early 2000s – after a rapid increase in water pumping pushed Delta exports to record rates of more than 6 million acre-feet (7.4 billion cubic meters) – the decline accelerated, with the striper index ranging from a few dozen to about 300. Bar graphs showing the survey results for several other species look nearly the same, with abundance of each bottoming out to almost nothing in the early 2000s. Delta smelt are now considered essentially extinct in the wild. The simultaneous crash of multiple Delta fish species has been so dramatic that biologists even have a name for it – the Pelagic Organism Decline .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm lobbyists remain unconvinced. Wade, at the California Farm Water Coalition, says attributing fish declines to water diversions is erroneous and causes needless harm to growers of fruit trees and vegetable crops in the western San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no science that shows the export pumps at the south end of the Delta are having a long-term impact on salmon or delta smelt,” Wade says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the correlation between water pumping and fish declines grows even stronger when fall-run Chinook salmon are added to the equation: In the early 2000s, as the Pelagic Organism Decline began, the Sacramento’s fall run finally caved, as well. Record low returns of the fish came three years after the record high Delta exports. The entire fishery was closed for the first time in 2008. In a 2009 report , scientists with the National Marine Fisheries Service attributed the decline to a combination of poor ocean conditions as well as inland habitat problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize … that the rapid and likely temporary deterioration in ocean conditions is acting on top of a long-term, steady degradation of the freshwater and estuarine environment,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much water must be left to flow through the estuary? A certain amount is needed just to keep saltwater from entering the Delta and the pumps themselves. Rosenfield says that from October through March, 1.97 million acre-feet (2.43 billion cubic meters) were allowed through the Delta for this essential purpose – or about 12 percent of the water that fell as precipitation in the Central Valley drainage basin in that time. While fish are often blamed by farmers for hindering operation of the Delta pumps, endangered species protections were responsible for only 664,000 acre-feet – or 4 percent of the basin’s total precipitation – that entered the Bay in that time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an average year, more than half the Central Valley’s winter–spring runoff is captured behind dams or pumped out of the Delta, according to Rosenfield. That’s too much. Scientists have calculated that a healthy Delta ecosystem would need closer to 75 percent of that flow moving through the estuary and into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water alone may not be enough to help the fish. Jacob Katz at California Trout says Chinook salmon also need riverside habitat that floods annually. Katz has led research showing that juvenile salmon that are given access to flooded rice fields beside the Sacramento River grow exceptionally fast and, ultimately, have vastly better odds of avoiding predators and reaching the ocean. This habitat has been mostly eliminated from California’s rivers by levees and berms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Bay-Delta’s striped bass population, it has been dwindling for years. Ostrach says there may be as few as 250,000 adults today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there is no doubt striped bass have suffered for the same reasons as salmon and smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A combined set of factors has aligned against all of the [Delta’s] fisheries,” Ostrach says. “The major problem is that we no longer have a functioning estuary but have engineered an ecosystem much more similar to an Arkansas lake. It’s no wonder that fish that live in an estuary can’t survive here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of multiple estuarine species at once suggests the environment they share in common is under extreme pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delta smelt lived for 20,000 years in the Delta, and they’ve survived earthquakes and floods and drought and every kind of thing nature has thrown at them, but they can’t survive us,” Rosenfield says. “And Chinook salmon have thrived in every major system from here up to Alaska and around to Russia and Japan, but they can’t survive in our rivers anymore. What does this say about our rivers?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
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