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"content": "\u003cp>The Sierra's eastern front is long overdue for a large earthquake along the California-Nevada line, where a magnitude-7 event expected on average every 30 years hasn't occurred in six decades, scientists said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada Seismological Laboratory Director Graham Kent said the region's earthquake \"drought\" is likely one of the reasons the public has a misconception there's a low risk a serious quake will strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've experienced such a long stretch of not having earthquakes, we've sort of built in a sense of complacency,\" he said at an Earthquake Economic Resiliency Forum ahead of the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot.'\u003ccite>Graham Kent, director, Nevada Seismological Laboratory\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The experts are gathering in Nevada days after powerful, deadly earthquakes in Ecuador (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/19/rescue-crews-in-ecuador-face-ticking-clock-in-quest-to-find-survivors\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.8\u003c/a>) and southern Japan (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/15/7-1-quake-hits-southwestern-japan-second-temblor-in-24-hours\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.3\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismologists said Tuesday it's likely the Reno area will eventually experience the kind of destructive quake that rocked Japan, where nearly 1,200 houses have been destroyed in and around Kumamoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot,\" said Kent, who runs the lab on the campus of the University of Nevada, Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Koehler, an assistant professor of geology at Nevada's Bureau of Mines and Geology, said a magnitude-7 earthquake could potentially hit anytime, anywhere along the California-Nevada border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to start with the belief that an earthquake threat is real,\" added Craig dePolo, a research geologist at the bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said a magnitude-6 earthquake or larger typically strikes every 10 years or so along the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system running from south of Yosemite National Park to north of Reno and Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fIxSxVc6ORNbyig5LJtbk87yfSXMgbrV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were seven magnitude-6.5 or larger earthquakes in the region from 1915 to 1954, but none since, he said. The most recent magnitude-6 was 22 years ago in Carson Valley south of Carson City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates a magnitude-6 quake could cause up to $1.9 billion in damage in the Reno-Sparks area and $590 million at Lake Tahoe, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest earthquake ever recorded in the Sierra fault system was a magnitude-7.4 in 1872 in Owens Valley south of Yosemite. It's the third-largest in California history, behind the magnitude-7.9 at Fort Tejon in 1857 and the magnitude-7.8 in San Francisco in 1906. More recent studies of the fault lines and damage suggest the Owens Valley quake was probably bigger than the one in San Francisco, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-day seismology conference will address new mapping techniques to pinpoint fault lines, early warning systems and the growing use of social media to track widespread impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Smith, associate director of the Nevada lab, said early warnings have limited use in places like Reno where the faults are so close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the earthquake is under your house, you won't get much warning,\" he said. But new technology being developed in California could help mitigate damage on the Las Vegas Strip if a big one hits 150 to 200 miles northwest in Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you get a magnitude-7 like Owens Valley, it could translate into a 30 or 40 second warning for Las Vegas,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UNR lab chronicled the Owens Valley event in its March newsletter with historical excerpts from naturalist John Muir, who wrote about the violent shaking while at Yosemite on March 26, 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ran out of my cabin near the Sentinel rock, both glad and frightened, shouting, 'A noble earthquake!'\" Muir wrote. \"The shocks were so violent and varied and succeeded one another so closely, one had to balance in walking as if on the deck of a ship among the waves.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Along the California-Nevada line, a magnitude-7 event is expected on average every 30 years. There hasn't been one in six decades.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Sierra's eastern front is long overdue for a large earthquake along the California-Nevada line, where a magnitude-7 event expected on average every 30 years hasn't occurred in six decades, scientists said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada Seismological Laboratory Director Graham Kent said the region's earthquake \"drought\" is likely one of the reasons the public has a misconception there's a low risk a serious quake will strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've experienced such a long stretch of not having earthquakes, we've sort of built in a sense of complacency,\" he said at an Earthquake Economic Resiliency Forum ahead of the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot.'\u003ccite>Graham Kent, director, Nevada Seismological Laboratory\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The experts are gathering in Nevada days after powerful, deadly earthquakes in Ecuador (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/19/rescue-crews-in-ecuador-face-ticking-clock-in-quest-to-find-survivors\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.8\u003c/a>) and southern Japan (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/15/7-1-quake-hits-southwestern-japan-second-temblor-in-24-hours\" target=\"_blank\">magnitude-7.3\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismologists said Tuesday it's likely the Reno area will eventually experience the kind of destructive quake that rocked Japan, where nearly 1,200 houses have been destroyed in and around Kumamoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an opportunity to scare you a little bit, or hopefully a lot,\" said Kent, who runs the lab on the campus of the University of Nevada, Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Koehler, an assistant professor of geology at Nevada's Bureau of Mines and Geology, said a magnitude-7 earthquake could potentially hit anytime, anywhere along the California-Nevada border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to start with the belief that an earthquake threat is real,\" added Craig dePolo, a research geologist at the bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kent said a magnitude-6 earthquake or larger typically strikes every 10 years or so along the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system running from south of Yosemite National Park to north of Reno and Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were seven magnitude-6.5 or larger earthquakes in the region from 1915 to 1954, but none since, he said. The most recent magnitude-6 was 22 years ago in Carson Valley south of Carson City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates a magnitude-6 quake could cause up to $1.9 billion in damage in the Reno-Sparks area and $590 million at Lake Tahoe, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest earthquake ever recorded in the Sierra fault system was a magnitude-7.4 in 1872 in Owens Valley south of Yosemite. It's the third-largest in California history, behind the magnitude-7.9 at Fort Tejon in 1857 and the magnitude-7.8 in San Francisco in 1906. More recent studies of the fault lines and damage suggest the Owens Valley quake was probably bigger than the one in San Francisco, Kent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-day seismology conference will address new mapping techniques to pinpoint fault lines, early warning systems and the growing use of social media to track widespread impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Smith, associate director of the Nevada lab, said early warnings have limited use in places like Reno where the faults are so close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the earthquake is under your house, you won't get much warning,\" he said. But new technology being developed in California could help mitigate damage on the Las Vegas Strip if a big one hits 150 to 200 miles northwest in Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you get a magnitude-7 like Owens Valley, it could translate into a 30 or 40 second warning for Las Vegas,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UNR lab chronicled the Owens Valley event in its March newsletter with historical excerpts from naturalist John Muir, who wrote about the violent shaking while at Yosemite on March 26, 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ran out of my cabin near the Sentinel rock, both glad and frightened, shouting, 'A noble earthquake!'\" Muir wrote. \"The shocks were so violent and varied and succeeded one another so closely, one had to balance in walking as if on the deck of a ship among the waves.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Is California’s Water System Really Broken?",
"headTitle": "Is California’s Water System Really Broken? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Farmers in the western San Joaquin Valley are facing another year with curtailed water allocations, while fish populations are as low as they’ve ever been. Something, clearly, isn’t working, and agriculture industry lobbyists say they know what the problem is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our water delivery system is broken,” says Gayle Holman, spokesperson for Westlands Water District, a large San Joaquin Valley farming region expected to take a hard hit this year from reduced water deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Gr8fse4v90zRv9sxyPZNSirJ8tLqmkeL”]Holman argues that environmental restrictions against pumping water from the Delta are harming farmers’ livelihoods without doing any good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish, agriculture, communities – none of them are benefiting from the precautions [against pumping],” Holman claims. “We’re seeing an overall erosion of the productivity of the Delta and the farmland south of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no doubt that fish species such as winter-run Chinook salmon, delta smelt and several others are slipping toward extinction – but why? Farm lobbyists say removal of water from the Delta has little to do with the declines and that non-native species are a bigger problem. They say striped bass are eating imperiled fishes at unsustainable rates, and over the past few years water users have supported multiple legislative efforts to cull striped bass numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Predation [on salmon] is a huge problem we haven’t addressed,” says Mike Wade, the executive director of the California Farm Water Coalition, a group that lobbies for farmers statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research conducted in 2012 on the Tuolumne River by the private research firm FishBio found striped bass stuffed with baby salmon. To many water users, this is clear and damning evidence that striped bass are a lead driver in the decades-long decline of the Central Valley’s native fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the problem isn’t so simple, according to numerous fishery scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, these fish often die in the mouth of a striped bass,” says Jon Rosenfield, a conservation biologist with the Bay Institute, a watchdog environmental group in San Francisco. “But when a person dies in the emergency room, it wasn’t the hospital that killed them. So, the question you have to ask is, what conditions got the fish into the striped bass’s mouth?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire ecosystem is collapsing, and striped bass numbers are plunging about as rapidly as those of salmon, smelt and other species. Rosenfield says so much water is now being taken out of the Delta on an annual basis that what was once a thriving estuary functions today more like a large, warm-water swamp, friendly to some non-native fishes, such as black bass, catfish and sunfish, but very hostile to most native fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These [farm groups] always want to remove the predators, and that is not the solution,” Rosenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, he maintains, restoring the Central Valley’s waterways and their seasonal flow patterns to something resembling their natural state would prompt a response in native fish numbers. It is well known that gushing winter and spring floods can essentially wash juvenile salmon safely out to sea in a protective smokescreen of mud and silt. For this reason, salmon hatcheries often release their smolts immediately after large rain events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists such as striped bass expert David Ostrach, U.C. Davis’ Peter Moyle and Carson Jeffres, and California Trout’s Jacob Katz, have all argued that the loss of annual flood cycles, as well as riverside floodplain habitat, has made survival for small fish in the Central Valley’s waterways almost impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FishBio’s Doug Demko, who led the Tuolumne River research, says he has observed that young salmon do poorly when river and Delta flows are reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those low-flow and medium-flow water years, juvenile salmon mortality is extremely high,” Demko says. “In high-flow years, we get much higher survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Striped bass were introduced to California in the late 1800s. The fish took well to the Bay and Delta. As a species, they established themselves, naturalized and boomed. For about 80 years striped bass thrived. Ostrach says there may have been 4 million adult striped bass in the Bay-Delta system in the 1960s. There may have been even more in the decades prior, before close scientific fish surveys had begun. Meanwhile, Chinook salmon – especially the commercial important fall run – supported by fish hatcheries, remained fairly strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1951, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Central Valley Project began operating a massive pumping station in the southern Delta. About a decade later, the California Department of Water Resources introduced a similar pumping station to support its own conveyance system, the State Water Project. Pumping rates grew steadily from about 1.5 million acre-feet (1.8 billion cubic meters) in the 1960s to the 4 million acre-foot level by the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the decline of the Delta ecosystem began in earnest. This deterioration has been closely tracked by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, which started an annual survey called the Fall Midwater Trawl in 1967. The idea was to take a yearly snapshot of fish abundance by dragging the same-sized net over the same parcels of water on about the same days every year. In the survey’s first year, department biologists calculated an abundance index of 19,677 juvenile stripers . That number has dropped steadily since, to anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 through the 1980s and 1990s. Over the same time period, winter-run Chinook salmon, as well as salmon runs in the San Joaquin River, followed a similar downward trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in the early 2000s – after a rapid increase in water pumping pushed Delta exports to record rates of more than 6 million acre-feet (7.4 billion cubic meters) – the decline accelerated, with the striper index ranging from a few dozen to about 300. Bar graphs showing the survey results for several other species look nearly the same, with abundance of each bottoming out to almost nothing in the early 2000s. Delta smelt are now considered essentially extinct in the wild. The simultaneous crash of multiple Delta fish species has been so dramatic that biologists even have a name for it – the Pelagic Organism Decline .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm lobbyists remain unconvinced. Wade, at the California Farm Water Coalition, says attributing fish declines to water diversions is erroneous and causes needless harm to growers of fruit trees and vegetable crops in the western San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no science that shows the export pumps at the south end of the Delta are having a long-term impact on salmon or delta smelt,” Wade says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the correlation between water pumping and fish declines grows even stronger when fall-run Chinook salmon are added to the equation: In the early 2000s, as the Pelagic Organism Decline began, the Sacramento’s fall run finally caved, as well. Record low returns of the fish came three years after the record high Delta exports. The entire fishery was closed for the first time in 2008. In a 2009 report , scientists with the National Marine Fisheries Service attributed the decline to a combination of poor ocean conditions as well as inland habitat problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize … that the rapid and likely temporary deterioration in ocean conditions is acting on top of a long-term, steady degradation of the freshwater and estuarine environment,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much water must be left to flow through the estuary? A certain amount is needed just to keep saltwater from entering the Delta and the pumps themselves. Rosenfield says that from October through March, 1.97 million acre-feet (2.43 billion cubic meters) were allowed through the Delta for this essential purpose – or about 12 percent of the water that fell as precipitation in the Central Valley drainage basin in that time. While fish are often blamed by farmers for hindering operation of the Delta pumps, endangered species protections were responsible for only 664,000 acre-feet – or 4 percent of the basin’s total precipitation – that entered the Bay in that time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an average year, more than half the Central Valley’s winter–spring runoff is captured behind dams or pumped out of the Delta, according to Rosenfield. That’s too much. Scientists have calculated that a healthy Delta ecosystem would need closer to 75 percent of that flow moving through the estuary and into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water alone may not be enough to help the fish. Jacob Katz at California Trout says Chinook salmon also need riverside habitat that floods annually. Katz has led research showing that juvenile salmon that are given access to flooded rice fields beside the Sacramento River grow exceptionally fast and, ultimately, have vastly better odds of avoiding predators and reaching the ocean. This habitat has been mostly eliminated from California’s rivers by levees and berms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Bay-Delta’s striped bass population, it has been dwindling for years. Ostrach says there may be as few as 250,000 adults today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there is no doubt striped bass have suffered for the same reasons as salmon and smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A combined set of factors has aligned against all of the [Delta’s] fisheries,” Ostrach says. “The major problem is that we no longer have a functioning estuary but have engineered an ecosystem much more similar to an Arkansas lake. It’s no wonder that fish that live in an estuary can’t survive here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of multiple estuarine species at once suggests the environment they share in common is under extreme pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delta smelt lived for 20,000 years in the Delta, and they’ve survived earthquakes and floods and drought and every kind of thing nature has thrown at them, but they can’t survive us,” Rosenfield says. “And Chinook salmon have thrived in every major system from here up to Alaska and around to Russia and Japan, but they can’t survive in our rivers anymore. What does this say about our rivers?”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Farmers in the western San Joaquin Valley are facing another year with curtailed water allocations, while fish populations are as low as they’ve ever been. Something, clearly, isn’t working, and agriculture industry lobbyists say they know what the problem is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our water delivery system is broken,” says Gayle Holman, spokesperson for Westlands Water District, a large San Joaquin Valley farming region expected to take a hard hit this year from reduced water deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Holman argues that environmental restrictions against pumping water from the Delta are harming farmers’ livelihoods without doing any good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish, agriculture, communities – none of them are benefiting from the precautions [against pumping],” Holman claims. “We’re seeing an overall erosion of the productivity of the Delta and the farmland south of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no doubt that fish species such as winter-run Chinook salmon, delta smelt and several others are slipping toward extinction – but why? Farm lobbyists say removal of water from the Delta has little to do with the declines and that non-native species are a bigger problem. They say striped bass are eating imperiled fishes at unsustainable rates, and over the past few years water users have supported multiple legislative efforts to cull striped bass numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Predation [on salmon] is a huge problem we haven’t addressed,” says Mike Wade, the executive director of the California Farm Water Coalition, a group that lobbies for farmers statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research conducted in 2012 on the Tuolumne River by the private research firm FishBio found striped bass stuffed with baby salmon. To many water users, this is clear and damning evidence that striped bass are a lead driver in the decades-long decline of the Central Valley’s native fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the problem isn’t so simple, according to numerous fishery scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, these fish often die in the mouth of a striped bass,” says Jon Rosenfield, a conservation biologist with the Bay Institute, a watchdog environmental group in San Francisco. “But when a person dies in the emergency room, it wasn’t the hospital that killed them. So, the question you have to ask is, what conditions got the fish into the striped bass’s mouth?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire ecosystem is collapsing, and striped bass numbers are plunging about as rapidly as those of salmon, smelt and other species. Rosenfield says so much water is now being taken out of the Delta on an annual basis that what was once a thriving estuary functions today more like a large, warm-water swamp, friendly to some non-native fishes, such as black bass, catfish and sunfish, but very hostile to most native fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These [farm groups] always want to remove the predators, and that is not the solution,” Rosenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, he maintains, restoring the Central Valley’s waterways and their seasonal flow patterns to something resembling their natural state would prompt a response in native fish numbers. It is well known that gushing winter and spring floods can essentially wash juvenile salmon safely out to sea in a protective smokescreen of mud and silt. For this reason, salmon hatcheries often release their smolts immediately after large rain events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists such as striped bass expert David Ostrach, U.C. Davis’ Peter Moyle and Carson Jeffres, and California Trout’s Jacob Katz, have all argued that the loss of annual flood cycles, as well as riverside floodplain habitat, has made survival for small fish in the Central Valley’s waterways almost impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FishBio’s Doug Demko, who led the Tuolumne River research, says he has observed that young salmon do poorly when river and Delta flows are reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those low-flow and medium-flow water years, juvenile salmon mortality is extremely high,” Demko says. “In high-flow years, we get much higher survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Striped bass were introduced to California in the late 1800s. The fish took well to the Bay and Delta. As a species, they established themselves, naturalized and boomed. For about 80 years striped bass thrived. Ostrach says there may have been 4 million adult striped bass in the Bay-Delta system in the 1960s. There may have been even more in the decades prior, before close scientific fish surveys had begun. Meanwhile, Chinook salmon – especially the commercial important fall run – supported by fish hatcheries, remained fairly strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1951, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Central Valley Project began operating a massive pumping station in the southern Delta. About a decade later, the California Department of Water Resources introduced a similar pumping station to support its own conveyance system, the State Water Project. Pumping rates grew steadily from about 1.5 million acre-feet (1.8 billion cubic meters) in the 1960s to the 4 million acre-foot level by the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the decline of the Delta ecosystem began in earnest. This deterioration has been closely tracked by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, which started an annual survey called the Fall Midwater Trawl in 1967. The idea was to take a yearly snapshot of fish abundance by dragging the same-sized net over the same parcels of water on about the same days every year. In the survey’s first year, department biologists calculated an abundance index of 19,677 juvenile stripers . That number has dropped steadily since, to anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 through the 1980s and 1990s. Over the same time period, winter-run Chinook salmon, as well as salmon runs in the San Joaquin River, followed a similar downward trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in the early 2000s – after a rapid increase in water pumping pushed Delta exports to record rates of more than 6 million acre-feet (7.4 billion cubic meters) – the decline accelerated, with the striper index ranging from a few dozen to about 300. Bar graphs showing the survey results for several other species look nearly the same, with abundance of each bottoming out to almost nothing in the early 2000s. Delta smelt are now considered essentially extinct in the wild. The simultaneous crash of multiple Delta fish species has been so dramatic that biologists even have a name for it – the Pelagic Organism Decline .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farm lobbyists remain unconvinced. Wade, at the California Farm Water Coalition, says attributing fish declines to water diversions is erroneous and causes needless harm to growers of fruit trees and vegetable crops in the western San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no science that shows the export pumps at the south end of the Delta are having a long-term impact on salmon or delta smelt,” Wade says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the correlation between water pumping and fish declines grows even stronger when fall-run Chinook salmon are added to the equation: In the early 2000s, as the Pelagic Organism Decline began, the Sacramento’s fall run finally caved, as well. Record low returns of the fish came three years after the record high Delta exports. The entire fishery was closed for the first time in 2008. In a 2009 report , scientists with the National Marine Fisheries Service attributed the decline to a combination of poor ocean conditions as well as inland habitat problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize … that the rapid and likely temporary deterioration in ocean conditions is acting on top of a long-term, steady degradation of the freshwater and estuarine environment,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much water must be left to flow through the estuary? A certain amount is needed just to keep saltwater from entering the Delta and the pumps themselves. Rosenfield says that from October through March, 1.97 million acre-feet (2.43 billion cubic meters) were allowed through the Delta for this essential purpose – or about 12 percent of the water that fell as precipitation in the Central Valley drainage basin in that time. While fish are often blamed by farmers for hindering operation of the Delta pumps, endangered species protections were responsible for only 664,000 acre-feet – or 4 percent of the basin’s total precipitation – that entered the Bay in that time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an average year, more than half the Central Valley’s winter–spring runoff is captured behind dams or pumped out of the Delta, according to Rosenfield. That’s too much. Scientists have calculated that a healthy Delta ecosystem would need closer to 75 percent of that flow moving through the estuary and into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water alone may not be enough to help the fish. Jacob Katz at California Trout says Chinook salmon also need riverside habitat that floods annually. Katz has led research showing that juvenile salmon that are given access to flooded rice fields beside the Sacramento River grow exceptionally fast and, ultimately, have vastly better odds of avoiding predators and reaching the ocean. This habitat has been mostly eliminated from California’s rivers by levees and berms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Bay-Delta’s striped bass population, it has been dwindling for years. Ostrach says there may be as few as 250,000 adults today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there is no doubt striped bass have suffered for the same reasons as salmon and smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A combined set of factors has aligned against all of the [Delta’s] fisheries,” Ostrach says. “The major problem is that we no longer have a functioning estuary but have engineered an ecosystem much more similar to an Arkansas lake. It’s no wonder that fish that live in an estuary can’t survive here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of multiple estuarine species at once suggests the environment they share in common is under extreme pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delta smelt lived for 20,000 years in the Delta, and they’ve survived earthquakes and floods and drought and every kind of thing nature has thrown at them, but they can’t survive us,” Rosenfield says. “And Chinook salmon have thrived in every major system from here up to Alaska and around to Russia and Japan, but they can’t survive in our rivers anymore. What does this say about our rivers?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Global leaders are meeting in New York this week to sign the Paris climate agreement. One of the expressed purposes of the document is to limit warming to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Climate Central analysis shows that the world will have to dramatically accelerate emissions reductions if it wants to meet that goal. The average global temperature change for the first three months of 2016 was 1.48°C, essentially equaling the 1.5°C warming threshold agreed to by COP 21 negotiators in Paris last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>February exceeded the 1.5°C target at 1.55°C, marking the first time the global average temperature has surpassed the sobering milestone in any month. March followed suit checking in at 1.5°C. January’s mark of 1.4°C, put the global average temperature change from early industrial levels for the first three months of 2016 at 1.48°C.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"720\" height=\"571\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/wgts/new-baseline/index.html?utm_source=KQED&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=new-baseline\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central scientists and statisticians made these calculations based on an average of global temperature data reported by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). But rather than using the baselines those agencies employ, Climate Central compared 2016’s temperature anomalies to an 1881-1910 average temperature baseline, the earliest date for which global temperature data are considered reliable. NASA reports global temperature change in reference to a 1951-1980 climate baseline, and NOAA reports the anomaly in reference to a 20th century average temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s data alone showed a February temperature anomaly of 1.63°C above early industrial levels with March at 1.54°C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calculating a baseline closer to the pre-industrial era provides a useful measure of global temperature for policymakers and the public to better track how successful the world’s efforts are in keeping global warming below agreed-upon thresholds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar adjustment can be applied to some of the temperature change projections in the most recent IPCC report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC AR5 Working Group 1 Report contains projections of future global surface temperature change according to several scenarios of future socio-economic development, most of which are presented using a baseline of 1986 to 2005. The IPCC chose this baseline in order to provide its readers a more immediate base of comparison, the climate of the present world, which people are familiar with. But these representations may suggest that the Paris goals are easier to reach than is true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC’s presentation of these scenarios was not designed to inform the discussion about warming limits (e.g., 1.5°C, 2°C goals of the Paris COP21 agreements). But the Panel does provide a way to make its projections of future warming consistent with discussions about targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPCC estimates, using the best and longest record available, show that the difference between the 1986-2005 global average temperature value used in most of the Panel’s projections, and pre-industrial global average temperature, is 0.61°C (0.55-0.67). Neglecting 0.61°C warming is not trivial, and makes a significant difference for the assessment of the goals established in Paris. In fact, 0.61°C amounts to about half the warming already experienced thus far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To capture this warming and display the IPCC warming time series relative to the pre-industrial period, Climate Central adjusted a well known IPCC projection (SPM7(a)) to reflect a 1880-1910 baseline. This adjustment has a significant effect on the dates at which the 1.5 and 2°C thresholds are crossed, moving them up by about 15-20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If current emissions trends continue (RCP8.5) we could cross the 1.5°C threshold in 10 to 15 years, somewhere between the years 2025-2030, compared to 2045-2050 when a 1985-2005 baseline is used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dramatic global hot streak that kicked off 2016 doesn’t mean the world has already failed to meet the goals in the Paris agreement. Three months do not make a year, and it is unlikely that 2016 will exceed the 1881-1910 climate-normal by 1.5°C. This year is also in the wake of a strong El Niño, when higher-than-average temperatures would be expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, exceeding the 1.5°C threshold for even an entire year would not mean that global temperatures had in fact risen to that point, never (at least within our lifetime) to drop back below it as it’s too short of a timeframe to make that determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hot start for 2016 is a notable symbolic milestone. The day the world first crossed the 400 parts per million (ppm) threshold for atmospheric carbon dioxide heralded a future of ever increasing carbon dioxide. So too, do the first three months of 2016 send a clear signal of where our world is headed and how fast we are headed there if drastic actions to reduce carbon emissions are not taken immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Background\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Dec.12, 2015, the 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup> Conference of the Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change approved the Paris Agreement committing 195 nations of the world to “holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C.” The pact commits the world to adopt nationally determined policies to limit greenhouse gas emissions in accord with those goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2°C goal represents a temperature increase from a pre-industrial baseline that scientists believe will maintain the relatively stable climate conditions that humans and other species have adapted to over the previous 12,000 years. It will also minimize some of the worst impacts of climate change: drought, heat waves, heavy rain and flooding, and sea level rise. Limiting the global surface temperature increase to 1.5°C would lessen these impacts even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"imgleft\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://assets.climatecentral.org/images/uploads/news/4_20_16_CC_new-baseline-methodology-table.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"376\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1.5 and 2°C are not hard and fast limits beyond which disaster is imminent, but they are now the milestones by which the world measures all progress toward slowing global warming. And yet it is surprisingly difficult to find objective measures that answer the question, where are we today on the path toward meeting the 1.5 or 2°C goals?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every month NOAA and NASA update their global surface temperature change analysis, using data from the Global Historical Climate Network, and methods validated in the peer-reviewed literature (Hansen et al. 2010; NCDC). The monthly updates are posted on their websites, and made available to the public along with the underlying data and assumptions that go into their calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These calculations are enormously useful for understanding the magnitude and pace of global warming. In fact, they are the bedrock measurements validating the fact that our planet is warming at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But none present their results in comparison to a pre-industrial climate normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"methods\">\u003cstrong>Methods and Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The NASA and NOAA monthly updates are presented as anomalies, or as the deviation from a baseline climate normal, calculated as an average of a 30-year reference period, or the 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century average; they do not represent an absolute temperature increase from a specific date. NASA presents their results in reference to a 1951 to 1980 average temperature, NOAA in reference to a 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century average temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NASA results, calculated by Goddard Institute for Space Studies are published monthly on the NASA/GISS website (\u003ca href=\"http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/\">GISTEMP\u003c/a>). NOAA methods and monthly updates are published via the National Centers for Environmental Information \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central used data from NASA and NOAA to create an 1881 to 1910 climate normal for the months of January, February, and March. We then compared the reported monthly 2016 anomaly for each of these months to this “early-industrial” baseline reference period. These anomalies were then averaged to produce a mean monthly NASA/NOAA anomaly for each month. The results are presented below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NASA anomaly is considerably higher than the anomaly reported by NOAA. This reflects the fact the NASA’s calculations are tuned to account for temperature changes at the poles, where there are far fewer monitoring stations. NOAA relies only on historical station data and makes no adjustment to account for sparse records at the poles, where warming has been more rapid relative to non-polar regions.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Global leaders are meeting in New York this week to sign the Paris climate agreement. One of the expressed purposes of the document is to limit warming to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Climate Central analysis shows that the world will have to dramatically accelerate emissions reductions if it wants to meet that goal. The average global temperature change for the first three months of 2016 was 1.48°C, essentially equaling the 1.5°C warming threshold agreed to by COP 21 negotiators in Paris last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>February exceeded the 1.5°C target at 1.55°C, marking the first time the global average temperature has surpassed the sobering milestone in any month. March followed suit checking in at 1.5°C. January’s mark of 1.4°C, put the global average temperature change from early industrial levels for the first three months of 2016 at 1.48°C.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"720\" height=\"571\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/wgts/new-baseline/index.html?utm_source=KQED&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=new-baseline\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central scientists and statisticians made these calculations based on an average of global temperature data reported by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). But rather than using the baselines those agencies employ, Climate Central compared 2016’s temperature anomalies to an 1881-1910 average temperature baseline, the earliest date for which global temperature data are considered reliable. NASA reports global temperature change in reference to a 1951-1980 climate baseline, and NOAA reports the anomaly in reference to a 20th century average temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s data alone showed a February temperature anomaly of 1.63°C above early industrial levels with March at 1.54°C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calculating a baseline closer to the pre-industrial era provides a useful measure of global temperature for policymakers and the public to better track how successful the world’s efforts are in keeping global warming below agreed-upon thresholds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar adjustment can be applied to some of the temperature change projections in the most recent IPCC report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC AR5 Working Group 1 Report contains projections of future global surface temperature change according to several scenarios of future socio-economic development, most of which are presented using a baseline of 1986 to 2005. The IPCC chose this baseline in order to provide its readers a more immediate base of comparison, the climate of the present world, which people are familiar with. But these representations may suggest that the Paris goals are easier to reach than is true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC’s presentation of these scenarios was not designed to inform the discussion about warming limits (e.g., 1.5°C, 2°C goals of the Paris COP21 agreements). But the Panel does provide a way to make its projections of future warming consistent with discussions about targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPCC estimates, using the best and longest record available, show that the difference between the 1986-2005 global average temperature value used in most of the Panel’s projections, and pre-industrial global average temperature, is 0.61°C (0.55-0.67). Neglecting 0.61°C warming is not trivial, and makes a significant difference for the assessment of the goals established in Paris. In fact, 0.61°C amounts to about half the warming already experienced thus far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To capture this warming and display the IPCC warming time series relative to the pre-industrial period, Climate Central adjusted a well known IPCC projection (SPM7(a)) to reflect a 1880-1910 baseline. This adjustment has a significant effect on the dates at which the 1.5 and 2°C thresholds are crossed, moving them up by about 15-20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If current emissions trends continue (RCP8.5) we could cross the 1.5°C threshold in 10 to 15 years, somewhere between the years 2025-2030, compared to 2045-2050 when a 1985-2005 baseline is used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dramatic global hot streak that kicked off 2016 doesn’t mean the world has already failed to meet the goals in the Paris agreement. Three months do not make a year, and it is unlikely that 2016 will exceed the 1881-1910 climate-normal by 1.5°C. This year is also in the wake of a strong El Niño, when higher-than-average temperatures would be expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, exceeding the 1.5°C threshold for even an entire year would not mean that global temperatures had in fact risen to that point, never (at least within our lifetime) to drop back below it as it’s too short of a timeframe to make that determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hot start for 2016 is a notable symbolic milestone. The day the world first crossed the 400 parts per million (ppm) threshold for atmospheric carbon dioxide heralded a future of ever increasing carbon dioxide. So too, do the first three months of 2016 send a clear signal of where our world is headed and how fast we are headed there if drastic actions to reduce carbon emissions are not taken immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Background\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Dec.12, 2015, the 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup> Conference of the Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change approved the Paris Agreement committing 195 nations of the world to “holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C.” The pact commits the world to adopt nationally determined policies to limit greenhouse gas emissions in accord with those goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2°C goal represents a temperature increase from a pre-industrial baseline that scientists believe will maintain the relatively stable climate conditions that humans and other species have adapted to over the previous 12,000 years. It will also minimize some of the worst impacts of climate change: drought, heat waves, heavy rain and flooding, and sea level rise. Limiting the global surface temperature increase to 1.5°C would lessen these impacts even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"imgleft\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://assets.climatecentral.org/images/uploads/news/4_20_16_CC_new-baseline-methodology-table.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"376\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1.5 and 2°C are not hard and fast limits beyond which disaster is imminent, but they are now the milestones by which the world measures all progress toward slowing global warming. And yet it is surprisingly difficult to find objective measures that answer the question, where are we today on the path toward meeting the 1.5 or 2°C goals?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every month NOAA and NASA update their global surface temperature change analysis, using data from the Global Historical Climate Network, and methods validated in the peer-reviewed literature (Hansen et al. 2010; NCDC). The monthly updates are posted on their websites, and made available to the public along with the underlying data and assumptions that go into their calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These calculations are enormously useful for understanding the magnitude and pace of global warming. In fact, they are the bedrock measurements validating the fact that our planet is warming at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But none present their results in comparison to a pre-industrial climate normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"methods\">\u003cstrong>Methods and Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The NASA and NOAA monthly updates are presented as anomalies, or as the deviation from a baseline climate normal, calculated as an average of a 30-year reference period, or the 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century average; they do not represent an absolute temperature increase from a specific date. NASA presents their results in reference to a 1951 to 1980 average temperature, NOAA in reference to a 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century average temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NASA results, calculated by Goddard Institute for Space Studies are published monthly on the NASA/GISS website (\u003ca href=\"http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/\">GISTEMP\u003c/a>). NOAA methods and monthly updates are published via the National Centers for Environmental Information \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central used data from NASA and NOAA to create an 1881 to 1910 climate normal for the months of January, February, and March. We then compared the reported monthly 2016 anomaly for each of these months to this “early-industrial” baseline reference period. These anomalies were then averaged to produce a mean monthly NASA/NOAA anomaly for each month. The results are presented below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NASA anomaly is considerably higher than the anomaly reported by NOAA. This reflects the fact the NASA’s calculations are tuned to account for temperature changes at the poles, where there are far fewer monitoring stations. NOAA relies only on historical station data and makes no adjustment to account for sparse records at the poles, where warming has been more rapid relative to non-polar regions.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For millions of Americans, climate change is making the weather nicer. That’s the conclusion of a new study that points out winters are getting quite a bit milder, while summers aren’t getting that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors say the mild temperatures might be one reason some people aren’t so worried about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the U.S., the hottest temperatures in July haven’t gone up much — scientific consensus is about half a degree over the past 40 years. Same for sticky humidity — not much change, if any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But January’s highest temperatures have warmed up on average more than 4 degrees. Patrick Egan at New York University says for lots of people, that means weather many people view as “pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I live here in New York City, and you’ve got shirtless beach volleyball games taking place on Christmas Eve in Central Park,” Egan says. “And on Christmas Day we had a cookout. We were all wearing shorts, and … it was bizarre and it was unusual. It was no Currier & Ives Christmas, but it was also pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they might say in New York, you got a problem with Santa in shorts?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egan \u003ca href=\"http://politics.as.nyu.edu/object/PatrickEgan\">is a political scientist\u003c/a> who has studied why people live where they do, but the temperature numbers come from climate science. What Egan and colleague \u003ca href=\"https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/mullin\">Megan Mullin at Duke University\u003c/a> have done is calculate that about 80 percent of Americans live in places where winters are warming faster than summers. “You know, for many Americans,” Egan says, “they’re not experiencing really hot Julys as much as they are experiencing really warm winters. That’s really the crux of this study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egan notes that research on where people choose to live shows that they often put a premium on warmer winters. So he says it’s fair to conclude that lots of people are enjoying the change in the weather — unless they’re skiers or snowboarders, perhaps. Egan and Mullin say that might be one reason many people aren’t so worried about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v532/n7599/full/nature17441.html\">Writing in the journal Nature\u003c/a>, Egan says public attitudes may change quickly when summer temperature increases start increasing faster, which scientists say will happen in several decades. How fast depends on whether and by how much the world cuts back on emissions of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, rapidly warming winters do pose all sorts of problems for plants and animals that can’t adapt as readily as people can. And while the U.S. hasn’t been hit too hard by heat waves, other parts of the world have, some of which are seeing summer maximum temperatures rise quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change%3F+Some+People+May+Not+Be+Sweating+It+Because+The+Weather+Is+Nicer&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers say climate change has made weather more pleasant in many parts of the U.S. Winters have been milder, and summers haven't become much hotter. But that's likely to change in coming years.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For millions of Americans, climate change is making the weather nicer. That’s the conclusion of a new study that points out winters are getting quite a bit milder, while summers aren’t getting that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors say the mild temperatures might be one reason some people aren’t so worried about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the U.S., the hottest temperatures in July haven’t gone up much — scientific consensus is about half a degree over the past 40 years. Same for sticky humidity — not much change, if any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But January’s highest temperatures have warmed up on average more than 4 degrees. Patrick Egan at New York University says for lots of people, that means weather many people view as “pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I live here in New York City, and you’ve got shirtless beach volleyball games taking place on Christmas Eve in Central Park,” Egan says. “And on Christmas Day we had a cookout. We were all wearing shorts, and … it was bizarre and it was unusual. It was no Currier & Ives Christmas, but it was also pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they might say in New York, you got a problem with Santa in shorts?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egan \u003ca href=\"http://politics.as.nyu.edu/object/PatrickEgan\">is a political scientist\u003c/a> who has studied why people live where they do, but the temperature numbers come from climate science. What Egan and colleague \u003ca href=\"https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/mullin\">Megan Mullin at Duke University\u003c/a> have done is calculate that about 80 percent of Americans live in places where winters are warming faster than summers. “You know, for many Americans,” Egan says, “they’re not experiencing really hot Julys as much as they are experiencing really warm winters. That’s really the crux of this study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egan notes that research on where people choose to live shows that they often put a premium on warmer winters. So he says it’s fair to conclude that lots of people are enjoying the change in the weather — unless they’re skiers or snowboarders, perhaps. Egan and Mullin say that might be one reason many people aren’t so worried about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v532/n7599/full/nature17441.html\">Writing in the journal Nature\u003c/a>, Egan says public attitudes may change quickly when summer temperature increases start increasing faster, which scientists say will happen in several decades. How fast depends on whether and by how much the world cuts back on emissions of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, rapidly warming winters do pose all sorts of problems for plants and animals that can’t adapt as readily as people can. And while the U.S. hasn’t been hit too hard by heat waves, other parts of the world have, some of which are seeing summer maximum temperatures rise quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change%3F+Some+People+May+Not+Be+Sweating+It+Because+The+Weather+Is+Nicer&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "See How San Francisco Rebuilt 110 Years After the 1906 Quake",
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"content": "\u003cp>At 5:12 a.m., the shaking started 110 years ago today. The 7.8 magnitude earthquake and ensuing fires destroyed more than 80 percent of San Francisco and killed about 3,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The destruction inspired photographers from around the world and the 1906 earthquake became one of the first natural disasters widely documented with photos and early motion pictures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/New-S-F-archive-includes-stunning-photos-from-6207086.php\" target=\"_blank\">John Henry Mentz\u003c/a> worked as a staff photographer for United Railroads at the time. On April 18, and in the ensuing days, he took more than \u003ca href=\"http://sfmta.photoshelter.com/#!/index\" target=\"_blank\">200 images\u003c/a> with his large-format camera and created a case of 6 1/2-by-8 1/2 inch negative plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks later, \u003ca href=\"http://petapixel.com/2013/06/19/the-captive-airship-george-lawrences-panoramic-kite-photography-rig/\" target=\"_blank\">George Lawrence\u003c/a> shot his famous \"San Francisco in Ruins\" with a 49-pound camera flying about 2,000 feet above the bay with 17 Conyne kites strung together with piano wire cable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographer Frederick Eugene Ives captured the destruction \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2010/01/the-1906-san-francisco-quake-in-color.html\" target=\"_blank\">in color photographs\u003c/a> six months later, using a device called a Krőmgram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of their vision, we can stand before the surviving buildings and imagine what it felt like 110 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930506\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930496\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10930506 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-800x270.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-800x270.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-400x135.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-1180x399.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-960x325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mills Building damaged after the 1906 earthquake and fire. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930488\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930488\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-800x281.jpg\" alt=\"St. Boniface Church after the 1906 earthquake and present day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-800x281.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-400x140.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-1180x414.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-960x337.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Boniface Church after the 1906 earthquake and present day. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930499\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930499\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930499\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"St. Francis Hotel after the earthquake and fire of April, 1906 and present day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis-400x281.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Francis Hotel after the earthquake and fire of April, 1906. Written on back: \"St. Francis Hotel + new wing in process of construction. Only damage was by fire. Powell + Geary.\" \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930503\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl-800x479.jpg\" alt=\"California street at Montgomery. Ruins of the Kohl Building.\" width=\"800\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California street at Montgomery. Ruins of the Kohl Building. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At 5:12 a.m., the shaking started 110 years ago today. The 7.8 magnitude earthquake and ensuing fires destroyed more than 80 percent of San Francisco and killed about 3,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The destruction inspired photographers from around the world and the 1906 earthquake became one of the first natural disasters widely documented with photos and early motion pictures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/New-S-F-archive-includes-stunning-photos-from-6207086.php\" target=\"_blank\">John Henry Mentz\u003c/a> worked as a staff photographer for United Railroads at the time. On April 18, and in the ensuing days, he took more than \u003ca href=\"http://sfmta.photoshelter.com/#!/index\" target=\"_blank\">200 images\u003c/a> with his large-format camera and created a case of 6 1/2-by-8 1/2 inch negative plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks later, \u003ca href=\"http://petapixel.com/2013/06/19/the-captive-airship-george-lawrences-panoramic-kite-photography-rig/\" target=\"_blank\">George Lawrence\u003c/a> shot his famous \"San Francisco in Ruins\" with a 49-pound camera flying about 2,000 feet above the bay with 17 Conyne kites strung together with piano wire cable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographer Frederick Eugene Ives captured the destruction \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2010/01/the-1906-san-francisco-quake-in-color.html\" target=\"_blank\">in color photographs\u003c/a> six months later, using a device called a Krőmgram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of their vision, we can stand before the surviving buildings and imagine what it felt like 110 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930506\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930496\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10930506 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-800x270.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-800x270.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-400x135.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-1180x399.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/mills2-960x325.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mills Building damaged after the 1906 earthquake and fire. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930488\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930488\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-800x281.jpg\" alt=\"St. Boniface Church after the 1906 earthquake and present day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-800x281.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-400x140.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-1180x414.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/boniface-960x337.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Boniface Church after the 1906 earthquake and present day. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930499\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930499\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930499\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"St. Francis Hotel after the earthquake and fire of April, 1906 and present day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/stfrancis-400x281.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Francis Hotel after the earthquake and fire of April, 1906. Written on back: \"St. Francis Hotel + new wing in process of construction. Only damage was by fire. Powell + Geary.\" \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10930503\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl-800x479.jpg\" alt=\"California street at Montgomery. Ruins of the Kohl Building.\" width=\"800\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/kohl-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California street at Montgomery. Ruins of the Kohl Building. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"www.sfpl.org/sfphotos\">San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a> and Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Opponents Sue to Block L.A. Water District's Purchase of Delta Islands",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two counties, a pair of water agencies and conservation groups have joined together in a lawsuit to block the Metropolitan Water District's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/13/metropolitan-water-districts-175-million-land-deal-raises-alarms-in-delta\">$175 million acquisition\u003c/a> of four islands and part of a fifth in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County, Contra Costa County, the Contra Costa County Water Agency, the Central Delta Water Agency, Food and Water Watch and the Planning and Conservation League argue in a suit filed last Thursday (\u003ca href=\"#mwdlawsuit\">embedded below\u003c/a>) that the purchase requires further review under the California Environmental Quality Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rLO553hiyafmFhaQ3aWY2WAgXEsx5L2m\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Metropolitan filed for a categorical exemption of environmental review related to the purchase, a determination usually made when activity on the land will have no environmental impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is simply a purchase of land,” says Metropolitan spokesman Bob Muir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the land Metropolitan hopes to buy holds strategic importance to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com\">California WaterFix\u003c/a>, a plan to replumb the state’s water delivery system sought by Southern California and San Joaquin Valley water interests and boosted by Gov. Jerry Brown. Anchoring the plan are twin tunnels that would carry water supplies around the Delta to points south. Bacon Island and Bouldin Island, two of the five parcels, are on the proposed tunnel route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan’s opponents want the water wholesaler’s executive board to rescind the sale and do a full environmental analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Metropolitan’s general manager [Jeff Kightlinger] has blatantly stated that one of the reasons for their purchase was to build giant tunnels that would direct water away from the estuary,” says Jonas Minton, water policy advisor for the Planning and Conservation League.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Joaquin County is not going to stand idly by and allow [Metropolitan] to circumvent California environmental laws and make up its own rules in order to bulldoze its way through the Delta,” San Joaquin County counsel Mark Myles said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other legal challenges to Metropolitan’s plans could follow. Neighbors to the five properties had signed an agreement in 2013 with then-owner Zurich American Corp., setting conditions on how the land can be used. Those neighbors, including the Central Delta Water Agency, have said they plan to exercise their rights under that agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Planning and Conservation League's Minton says that the purchase could be a bad deal for Metropolitan's ratepayers. If opponents derail the tunnel plan, he says, that would leave the district's customers on the hook for levee maintenance and habitat restoration on the five island properties, hundreds of miles away from their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Metropolitan’s Muir counters that the district has not decided how to use the properties yet, so a full study of the property would be premature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we decide if we plan to change the existing use, we will do the required environmental analysis,” Muir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan’s executive board, which narrowly approved the sale in March, has delayed discussion of the land deal until May. Under the terms of the sales agreement, escrow is expected to close in early June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"mwdlawsuit\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/309475155/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_31014\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two counties, a pair of water agencies and conservation groups have joined together in a lawsuit to block the Metropolitan Water District's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/13/metropolitan-water-districts-175-million-land-deal-raises-alarms-in-delta\">$175 million acquisition\u003c/a> of four islands and part of a fifth in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County, Contra Costa County, the Contra Costa County Water Agency, the Central Delta Water Agency, Food and Water Watch and the Planning and Conservation League argue in a suit filed last Thursday (\u003ca href=\"#mwdlawsuit\">embedded below\u003c/a>) that the purchase requires further review under the California Environmental Quality Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Metropolitan filed for a categorical exemption of environmental review related to the purchase, a determination usually made when activity on the land will have no environmental impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is simply a purchase of land,” says Metropolitan spokesman Bob Muir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the land Metropolitan hopes to buy holds strategic importance to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com\">California WaterFix\u003c/a>, a plan to replumb the state’s water delivery system sought by Southern California and San Joaquin Valley water interests and boosted by Gov. Jerry Brown. Anchoring the plan are twin tunnels that would carry water supplies around the Delta to points south. Bacon Island and Bouldin Island, two of the five parcels, are on the proposed tunnel route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan’s opponents want the water wholesaler’s executive board to rescind the sale and do a full environmental analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Metropolitan’s general manager [Jeff Kightlinger] has blatantly stated that one of the reasons for their purchase was to build giant tunnels that would direct water away from the estuary,” says Jonas Minton, water policy advisor for the Planning and Conservation League.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Joaquin County is not going to stand idly by and allow [Metropolitan] to circumvent California environmental laws and make up its own rules in order to bulldoze its way through the Delta,” San Joaquin County counsel Mark Myles said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other legal challenges to Metropolitan’s plans could follow. Neighbors to the five properties had signed an agreement in 2013 with then-owner Zurich American Corp., setting conditions on how the land can be used. Those neighbors, including the Central Delta Water Agency, have said they plan to exercise their rights under that agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Planning and Conservation League's Minton says that the purchase could be a bad deal for Metropolitan's ratepayers. If opponents derail the tunnel plan, he says, that would leave the district's customers on the hook for levee maintenance and habitat restoration on the five island properties, hundreds of miles away from their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Metropolitan’s Muir counters that the district has not decided how to use the properties yet, so a full study of the property would be premature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we decide if we plan to change the existing use, we will do the required environmental analysis,” Muir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metropolitan’s executive board, which narrowly approved the sale in March, has delayed discussion of the land deal until May. Under the terms of the sales agreement, escrow is expected to close in early June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"mwdlawsuit\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/309475155/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"undefined\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_31014\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Hundreds Killed as 7.8 Quake Devastates Ecuador's Coast",
"title": "Hundreds Killed as 7.8 Quake Devastates Ecuador's Coast",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 7:05 a.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PORTOVIEJO, Ecuador — It was supposed to be a family reunion to celebrate a young relative's start of college. But the gathering ended in tragedy when a collapsing building crushed 17-year-old Sayira Quinde, her mother, father and toddler brother in their rusting Chevy Blazer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A grief-stricken aunt, Johana Estupinan, now is making the longest journey of her life in a funeral hearse to the town of Esmeraldas, where she will bury her loved ones and break the news of the loss to her sister's three now-orphaned children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Ecuador digs out from its strongest earthquake in decades, tales of devastating loss are everywhere amid the rubble. The 7.8-magnitude earthquake left a trail of ruin along Ecuador's normally placid Pacific Ocean coast, buckling highways, knocking down an air traffic control tower and flattening homes and buildings. At least 350 people died, and thousands are homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Rafael Correa said early Monday that the death toll would \"surely rise, and in a considerable way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Ecuadorean spirit knows how to move forward, and will know how to overcome these very difficult moments,\" Correa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10932693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-522043050-e1460989892516.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10932693\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-522043050-800x516.jpg\" alt=\"Picture showing the destruction in Manta, Ecuador, a day after a powerful 7.8-magnitude quake hit the country.\" width=\"800\" height=\"516\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10932693\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture showing the destruction in Manta, Ecuador, a day after a powerful 7.8-magnitude quake hit the country. \u003ccite>(Luis Acosta/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Portoviejo, a provincial capital of nearly 300,000, was among the hardest hit, with the town's mayor reporting at least 100 deaths. The Quinde family drove there from their home hours north up the coast to drop off Sayira at Estupinan's house a week before she was to start classes at a public university on a scholarship to study medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was my favorite niece,\" Estupinan said, emotionally torn apart after waiting at the city's morgue for hours. \"I thought I was getting a daughter for the six years it was going to take her to earn a degree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never thought my life would be destroyed in a minute,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estupinan watched as her loved ones were loaded onto a truck-sized hearse for the nighttime drive, the three older ones in dark mahogany coffins and 8-month-old Matias in a casket painted white. \"It was supposed to be a short moment of family happiness but it converted into a tragedy,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hoped to bury her relatives in Esmeraldas on Monday, but devastation there is also severe and she worried about whether the hearse could make it along roads ripped apart by the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Saturday night quake knocked out power in many parts along the coast and some who fled to higher ground fearing a tsunami had no home to return to, or feared structures still standing might collapse. The country's Geophysics Institute said it recorded 230 aftershocks, some strong, as of Sunday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/#%7B%22feed%22%3A%227day_m45%22%2C%22search%22%3Anull%2C%22listFormat%22%3A%22default%22%2C%22sort%22%3A%22newest%22%2C%22basemap%22%3A%22terrain%22%2C%22autoUpdate%22%3Atrue%2C%22restrictListToMap%22%3Atrue%2C%22timeZone%22%3A%22utc%22%2C%22mapposition%22%3A%5B%5B-1.2193903597622147%2C-81.837158203125%5D%2C%5B1.8124417945380265%2C-77.0196533203125%5D%5D%2C%22overlays%22%3A%7B%22plates%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22viewModes%22%3A%7B%22map%22%3Atrue%2C%22list%22%3Afalse%2C%22settings%22%3Afalse%2C%22help%22%3Afalse%7D%7D\" height=\"520\" width=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>\u003cstrong>Above:\u003c/strong>U.S. Geological Survey map showing epicenters of Saturday night quake and aftershocks in Ecuador. \u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With makeshift shelters in short supply, many hunkered down to spend a second straight night outdoors huddled among neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa cut short a trip to the Vatican and flew directly to the city of Manta to oversee relief efforts. Even before touching Ecuadorean soil he signed a decree declaring a national emergency. Speaking from Portoviejo late Sunday he said the earthquake was the worst natural disaster to hit Ecuador since a 1949 earthquake in the Andean city of Ambato, which took over 5,000 lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our grief is very large, the tragedy is very large, but we'll find the way to move forward,\" Correa said. \"If our pain is immense, still larger is the spirt of our people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As rescuers scrambled through the ruins near the epicenter, in some cases digging with their hands to look for survivors, humanitarian aid began trickling in. More than 3,000 packages of food and nearly 8,000 sleeping kits were being delivered Sunday. Correa's ally, Venezuela, and neighboring Colombia, where the quake was also felt, organized airlifts. Mexico and Chile sent teams of rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spain's Red Cross said as many as 5,000 people may need temporary housing after the quake flattened homes, and 100,000 may need some sort of aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For God's sake help me find my family,\" pleaded Manuel Quijije, 27, standing next to a wrecked building in Portoviejo. He said his older brother, Junior, was trapped under a pile of twisted steel and concrete with two relatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We managed to see his arms and legs. They're his, they're buried, but the police kicked us out because they say there's a risk the rest of the building will collapse,\" Quijije said angrily as he looked on the ruins cordoned off by police. \"We're not afraid. We're desperate. We want to pull out our family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On social media, Ecuadoreans celebrated a video of a baby girl being pulled from beneath a collapsed home in Manta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fear was also spreading of another night of looting after 180 prisoners from a jail near Portoviejo escaped amid the tumult. Authorities said some 20 inmates were recaptured and some others returned voluntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeking security from any unrest, about 400 residents of Portoviejo gathered Sunday night on the tarmac of the city's former airport, where authorities handed out water, mattresses and food. The airport was closed in 2011 and flights diverted to a larger facility in nearby Manta after Correa kicked out a U.S. drug interdiction operation stationed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10932695\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-522022976-e1460990015392.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10932695\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-522022976-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A highway near the town of Chone, Ecuador, that suffered major damage in Saturday's earthquake. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10932695\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A highway near the town of Chone, Ecuador, that suffered major damage in Saturday's earthquake. \u003ccite>(Juan Cevallos/AFP-Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shantytowns and cheaply constructed brick and concrete homes were reduced to rubble along the quake's path. In the coastal town of Chamanga, authorities estimated than 90 percent of homes had damage, while in Guayaquil a shopping center's roof fell in and a collapsed highway overpass crushed a car, killing the driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government said it would draw on $600 million in emergency funding from multilateral banks to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the meantime, the digging and hoping against the odds continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In downtown Portoviejo, a few blocks from where a four-story hotel fell onto the Quinde family's car, the six-story social security building was a pile of debris. Downed power cables were strewn across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The situation is heart-rending,\" Jaime Ugalde, editor of El Diario, the city's most-important newspaper, said as he surveyed the damage. \"I'm going to return home and hug my wife and two kids. We're the lucky ones. We're alive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10931544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521756218-e1460875813211.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10931544\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521756218-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"Rescue workers struggle to extricate people trapped in a collapsed building in the coastal city of Manta, Ecuador after a huge earthquake struck Saturday evening. \" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10931544\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescue workers struggle to extricate people trapped in a collapsed building in the coastal city of Manta, Ecuador after a huge earthquake struck Saturday evening. \u003ccite>(Ariel Ochoa/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10931971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521847364-e1460920638309.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10931971\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521847364-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"View of a fallen building after a 7.8-magnitude quake in Portoviejo, Ecuador on Sunday. At least 350 people were killed when a powerful earthquake struck coastal Ecuador. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10931971\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of a fallen building after a 7.8-magnitude quake in Portoviejo, Ecuador on Sunday. At least 350 people were killed when a powerful earthquake struck coastal Ecuador. \u003ccite>(Juan Cevallos/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10932007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521846356-e1460921045643.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10932007\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521846356-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man walks next to rubble at a street after a 7.8-magnitude quake in Portoviejo, Ecuador. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10932007\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man walks next to rubble at a street after a 7.8-magnitude quake in Portoviejo, Ecuador. \u003ccite>(Juan Cevallos/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Joshua Goodman and Jacobo Garcia in Bogota, Colombia; Dolores Ochoa in Pedernales, Ecuador; and Gonzalo Solano in Quito, Ecuador, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "At least 350 people have died in quake that struck Saturday evening, a death toll that's still expected to rise. ",
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"headline": "Hundreds Killed as 7.8 Quake Devastates Ecuador's Coast",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Allen Panchana\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 7:05 a.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PORTOVIEJO, Ecuador — It was supposed to be a family reunion to celebrate a young relative's start of college. But the gathering ended in tragedy when a collapsing building crushed 17-year-old Sayira Quinde, her mother, father and toddler brother in their rusting Chevy Blazer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A grief-stricken aunt, Johana Estupinan, now is making the longest journey of her life in a funeral hearse to the town of Esmeraldas, where she will bury her loved ones and break the news of the loss to her sister's three now-orphaned children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Ecuador digs out from its strongest earthquake in decades, tales of devastating loss are everywhere amid the rubble. The 7.8-magnitude earthquake left a trail of ruin along Ecuador's normally placid Pacific Ocean coast, buckling highways, knocking down an air traffic control tower and flattening homes and buildings. At least 350 people died, and thousands are homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Rafael Correa said early Monday that the death toll would \"surely rise, and in a considerable way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Ecuadorean spirit knows how to move forward, and will know how to overcome these very difficult moments,\" Correa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10932693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-522043050-e1460989892516.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10932693\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-522043050-800x516.jpg\" alt=\"Picture showing the destruction in Manta, Ecuador, a day after a powerful 7.8-magnitude quake hit the country.\" width=\"800\" height=\"516\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10932693\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture showing the destruction in Manta, Ecuador, a day after a powerful 7.8-magnitude quake hit the country. \u003ccite>(Luis Acosta/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Portoviejo, a provincial capital of nearly 300,000, was among the hardest hit, with the town's mayor reporting at least 100 deaths. The Quinde family drove there from their home hours north up the coast to drop off Sayira at Estupinan's house a week before she was to start classes at a public university on a scholarship to study medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was my favorite niece,\" Estupinan said, emotionally torn apart after waiting at the city's morgue for hours. \"I thought I was getting a daughter for the six years it was going to take her to earn a degree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never thought my life would be destroyed in a minute,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estupinan watched as her loved ones were loaded onto a truck-sized hearse for the nighttime drive, the three older ones in dark mahogany coffins and 8-month-old Matias in a casket painted white. \"It was supposed to be a short moment of family happiness but it converted into a tragedy,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hoped to bury her relatives in Esmeraldas on Monday, but devastation there is also severe and she worried about whether the hearse could make it along roads ripped apart by the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Saturday night quake knocked out power in many parts along the coast and some who fled to higher ground fearing a tsunami had no home to return to, or feared structures still standing might collapse. The country's Geophysics Institute said it recorded 230 aftershocks, some strong, as of Sunday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/#%7B%22feed%22%3A%227day_m45%22%2C%22search%22%3Anull%2C%22listFormat%22%3A%22default%22%2C%22sort%22%3A%22newest%22%2C%22basemap%22%3A%22terrain%22%2C%22autoUpdate%22%3Atrue%2C%22restrictListToMap%22%3Atrue%2C%22timeZone%22%3A%22utc%22%2C%22mapposition%22%3A%5B%5B-1.2193903597622147%2C-81.837158203125%5D%2C%5B1.8124417945380265%2C-77.0196533203125%5D%5D%2C%22overlays%22%3A%7B%22plates%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22viewModes%22%3A%7B%22map%22%3Atrue%2C%22list%22%3Afalse%2C%22settings%22%3Afalse%2C%22help%22%3Afalse%7D%7D\" height=\"520\" width=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>\u003cstrong>Above:\u003c/strong>U.S. Geological Survey map showing epicenters of Saturday night quake and aftershocks in Ecuador. \u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With makeshift shelters in short supply, many hunkered down to spend a second straight night outdoors huddled among neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa cut short a trip to the Vatican and flew directly to the city of Manta to oversee relief efforts. Even before touching Ecuadorean soil he signed a decree declaring a national emergency. Speaking from Portoviejo late Sunday he said the earthquake was the worst natural disaster to hit Ecuador since a 1949 earthquake in the Andean city of Ambato, which took over 5,000 lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our grief is very large, the tragedy is very large, but we'll find the way to move forward,\" Correa said. \"If our pain is immense, still larger is the spirt of our people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As rescuers scrambled through the ruins near the epicenter, in some cases digging with their hands to look for survivors, humanitarian aid began trickling in. More than 3,000 packages of food and nearly 8,000 sleeping kits were being delivered Sunday. Correa's ally, Venezuela, and neighboring Colombia, where the quake was also felt, organized airlifts. Mexico and Chile sent teams of rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spain's Red Cross said as many as 5,000 people may need temporary housing after the quake flattened homes, and 100,000 may need some sort of aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For God's sake help me find my family,\" pleaded Manuel Quijije, 27, standing next to a wrecked building in Portoviejo. He said his older brother, Junior, was trapped under a pile of twisted steel and concrete with two relatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We managed to see his arms and legs. They're his, they're buried, but the police kicked us out because they say there's a risk the rest of the building will collapse,\" Quijije said angrily as he looked on the ruins cordoned off by police. \"We're not afraid. We're desperate. We want to pull out our family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On social media, Ecuadoreans celebrated a video of a baby girl being pulled from beneath a collapsed home in Manta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fear was also spreading of another night of looting after 180 prisoners from a jail near Portoviejo escaped amid the tumult. Authorities said some 20 inmates were recaptured and some others returned voluntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeking security from any unrest, about 400 residents of Portoviejo gathered Sunday night on the tarmac of the city's former airport, where authorities handed out water, mattresses and food. The airport was closed in 2011 and flights diverted to a larger facility in nearby Manta after Correa kicked out a U.S. drug interdiction operation stationed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10932695\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-522022976-e1460990015392.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10932695\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-522022976-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A highway near the town of Chone, Ecuador, that suffered major damage in Saturday's earthquake. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10932695\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A highway near the town of Chone, Ecuador, that suffered major damage in Saturday's earthquake. \u003ccite>(Juan Cevallos/AFP-Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shantytowns and cheaply constructed brick and concrete homes were reduced to rubble along the quake's path. In the coastal town of Chamanga, authorities estimated than 90 percent of homes had damage, while in Guayaquil a shopping center's roof fell in and a collapsed highway overpass crushed a car, killing the driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government said it would draw on $600 million in emergency funding from multilateral banks to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the meantime, the digging and hoping against the odds continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In downtown Portoviejo, a few blocks from where a four-story hotel fell onto the Quinde family's car, the six-story social security building was a pile of debris. Downed power cables were strewn across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The situation is heart-rending,\" Jaime Ugalde, editor of El Diario, the city's most-important newspaper, said as he surveyed the damage. \"I'm going to return home and hug my wife and two kids. We're the lucky ones. We're alive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10931544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521756218-e1460875813211.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10931544\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521756218-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"Rescue workers struggle to extricate people trapped in a collapsed building in the coastal city of Manta, Ecuador after a huge earthquake struck Saturday evening. \" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10931544\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescue workers struggle to extricate people trapped in a collapsed building in the coastal city of Manta, Ecuador after a huge earthquake struck Saturday evening. \u003ccite>(Ariel Ochoa/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10931971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521847364-e1460920638309.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10931971\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521847364-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"View of a fallen building after a 7.8-magnitude quake in Portoviejo, Ecuador on Sunday. At least 350 people were killed when a powerful earthquake struck coastal Ecuador. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10931971\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of a fallen building after a 7.8-magnitude quake in Portoviejo, Ecuador on Sunday. At least 350 people were killed when a powerful earthquake struck coastal Ecuador. \u003ccite>(Juan Cevallos/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10932007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521846356-e1460921045643.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10932007\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/GettyImages-521846356-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man walks next to rubble at a street after a 7.8-magnitude quake in Portoviejo, Ecuador. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10932007\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man walks next to rubble at a street after a 7.8-magnitude quake in Portoviejo, Ecuador. \u003ccite>(Juan Cevallos/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Joshua Goodman and Jacobo Garcia in Bogota, Colombia; Dolores Ochoa in Pedernales, Ecuador; and Gonzalo Solano in Quito, Ecuador, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Death Toll Tops 40 After Powerful Quakes Hit Southwestern Japan",
"title": "Death Toll Tops 40 After Powerful Quakes Hit Southwestern Japan",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated, 1 p.m. Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death toll from two powerful earthquakes that struck near the southwestern Japanese city of Kumamoto stands at 41, with thousands injured and hundreds of thousands of homes damaged or without power, gas and water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A strong quake centered just outside Kumamoto on Thursday evening Japan time -- with a magnitude now reported at 6.5 by the Japan Meteorological Agency -- damaged thousands of homes, injured 1,000 and killed 10 people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second, more powerful quake, reported \u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ja&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jma.go.jp%2Fjma%2Fpress%2F1604%2F16a%2F201604160330.html&edit-text=&act=url\" target=\"_blank\">at 7.3 by the JMA\u003c/a> -- struck at 1:25 a.m. Saturday Japan time. It was centered beneath the eastern part of the city of about 725,000 people and was followed by dozens of aftershocks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japanese TV network \u003ca href=\"http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20160416_24/\" target=\"_blank\">NHK reports\u003c/a> at least 32 people died in the second quake and more than 2,000 were injured. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the latest story on the quakes from the Associated Press:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mari Yamaguchi and Yuri Kageyama\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OZU, Japan— The wooden home barely withstood the first earthquake. An even stronger one the next night dealt what might have been the final blow — if not to the house, then to the Tanaka family's peace of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tanakas joined about 50 other residents of the southern Japanese town of Ozu who were planning to sleep in their cars at a public park Saturday after two nights of increasingly terrifying earthquakes that have killed 41 people and injured about 1,500, flattened houses and triggered major landslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think we can go back there. Our life is in limbo,\" said 62-year-old Yoshiaki Tanaka, as other evacuees served rice balls for dinner. He, his wife and his 85-year-old mother fled their home after a magnitude-7.3 earthquake struck Saturday at 1:25 a.m., just 28 hours after a magnitude-6.5 quake hit the same area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Army troops and other rescuers, using military helicopters to reach some stranded at a mountain resort, rushed Saturday to try to reach scores of trapped residents in hard-hit communities near Kumamoto, a city of 740,000 on the southwestern island of Kyushu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy rain started falling Saturday night, threatening to complicate the relief operation and set off more mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Daytime today is the big test\" for rescue efforts, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said early Saturday. Landslides had already cut off roads and destroyed bridges, slowing down rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 200,000 homes were without electricity, Japanese media reported, and an estimated 400,000 households were without running water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kumamoto prefectural official Riho Tajima said that more than 200 houses and other buildings had been either destroyed or damaged, and that 91,000 people had evacuated from their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of people lined up for rations at distribution points before nightfall, bracing for the rain and strong winds that were expected. Local stores quickly ran out of stock and shuttered their doors, and people said they were worried about running out of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police in Kumamoto prefecture said that at least 32 people had died from Saturday morning's earthquake. Nine died in the quake on Thursday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half the deaths were in Mashiki, a town on the eastern border of Kumamoto city that was hit hardest by the first quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japan's Kyodo news agency reported that four people were missing in Minamiaso, a more rural area farther east of Kumamoto where the landslides were triggered by the second quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One landslide tore open a mountainside in Minamiaso from the top to a highway below. Another gnawed at a highway, above a smashed house that had fallen down a ravine. In another part of the village, houses were hanging precariously at the edge of a huge hole cut open in the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,500 people were injured in the two earthquakes, said Yoshihide Suga, the Japanese government's top spokesman. He said the number of troops in the area was being raised to 20,000, while additional police and firefighters were also on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mashiki, where people were trapped beneath the rubble for hours, an unconscious 93-year-old woman, Yumiko Yamauchi, was dragged out from the debris of her home Saturday and taken by ambulance to a hospital. Her son-in-law Tatsuhiko Sakata said she had refused to move to shelter with him after the first quake Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I came to see her last night, I was asking her: 'Mother? I'm here! Do you remember me? Do you remember my face?' She replied with a huge smile filled with joy. A kind of smile that I would never forget. And that was the last I saw of her,\" Sakata said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japanese TV showed a collapsed student dormitory at Aso city's Tokai University that was originally two floors, but now looked like a single-story building. A witness said he heard a cry for help from the rubble. Two students were reported to have died there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area has been rocked by aftershocks. The Japan Meteorological Agency said the magnitude-7.3 quake early Saturday may have been the main one, with the one from Thursday night a precursor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanaka, the man spending the night in his car with others in Ozu, had spent Friday starting to clean up the mess from the first earthquake, hoping the aftershocks would gradually subside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then came the big one, which was so powerful I couldn't even stand on my feet. It was horrifying,\" he said, adding that when he left, his house was tilted at an angle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rothery, professor of planetary geosciences at The Open University in Britain, said Saturday's quake was 30 times more powerful than the one Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unusual but not unprecedented for a larger and more damaging earthquake to follow what was taken to be the main event,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rothery noted that in March 2011, a magnitude-7.2 earthquake in northern Japan was followed two days later by the magnitude-9.0 quake that caused a devastating tsunami that killed more than 18,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Aso, near the village of Minamiaso, erupted Saturday for the first time in a month, sending smoke rising about 100 meters (328 feet) into the air, but no damage was reported. It was not clear whether there was a link between the quakes and the eruption. The 1,592-meter (5,223-foot) -high mountain is about a 90-miniute drive from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second earthquake seriously damaged historic Aso Shrine, a picturesque complex near the volcano. A number of buildings with curved tiled roofs were flattened on the ground like lopsided fans. A towering gate, known as the \"cherry blossom gate,\" collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kageyama reported from Tokyo. Associated Press writers Emily Wang in Mashiki, Japan, and Danica Kirka in London contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Earthquake strikes after midnight Japan time near city of Kumamoto, 550 miles southwest of Tokyo. A total of 12 people are reported to have died in the quakes.",
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"description": "Earthquake strikes after midnight Japan time near city of Kumamoto, 550 miles southwest of Tokyo. A total of 12 people are reported to have died in the quakes.",
"title": "Death Toll Tops 40 After Powerful Quakes Hit Southwestern Japan | KQED",
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"headline": "Death Toll Tops 40 After Powerful Quakes Hit Southwestern Japan",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated, 1 p.m. Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death toll from two powerful earthquakes that struck near the southwestern Japanese city of Kumamoto stands at 41, with thousands injured and hundreds of thousands of homes damaged or without power, gas and water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A strong quake centered just outside Kumamoto on Thursday evening Japan time -- with a magnitude now reported at 6.5 by the Japan Meteorological Agency -- damaged thousands of homes, injured 1,000 and killed 10 people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second, more powerful quake, reported \u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ja&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jma.go.jp%2Fjma%2Fpress%2F1604%2F16a%2F201604160330.html&edit-text=&act=url\" target=\"_blank\">at 7.3 by the JMA\u003c/a> -- struck at 1:25 a.m. Saturday Japan time. It was centered beneath the eastern part of the city of about 725,000 people and was followed by dozens of aftershocks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japanese TV network \u003ca href=\"http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20160416_24/\" target=\"_blank\">NHK reports\u003c/a> at least 32 people died in the second quake and more than 2,000 were injured. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the latest story on the quakes from the Associated Press:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mari Yamaguchi and Yuri Kageyama\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OZU, Japan— The wooden home barely withstood the first earthquake. An even stronger one the next night dealt what might have been the final blow — if not to the house, then to the Tanaka family's peace of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tanakas joined about 50 other residents of the southern Japanese town of Ozu who were planning to sleep in their cars at a public park Saturday after two nights of increasingly terrifying earthquakes that have killed 41 people and injured about 1,500, flattened houses and triggered major landslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think we can go back there. Our life is in limbo,\" said 62-year-old Yoshiaki Tanaka, as other evacuees served rice balls for dinner. He, his wife and his 85-year-old mother fled their home after a magnitude-7.3 earthquake struck Saturday at 1:25 a.m., just 28 hours after a magnitude-6.5 quake hit the same area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Army troops and other rescuers, using military helicopters to reach some stranded at a mountain resort, rushed Saturday to try to reach scores of trapped residents in hard-hit communities near Kumamoto, a city of 740,000 on the southwestern island of Kyushu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy rain started falling Saturday night, threatening to complicate the relief operation and set off more mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Daytime today is the big test\" for rescue efforts, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said early Saturday. Landslides had already cut off roads and destroyed bridges, slowing down rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 200,000 homes were without electricity, Japanese media reported, and an estimated 400,000 households were without running water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kumamoto prefectural official Riho Tajima said that more than 200 houses and other buildings had been either destroyed or damaged, and that 91,000 people had evacuated from their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of people lined up for rations at distribution points before nightfall, bracing for the rain and strong winds that were expected. Local stores quickly ran out of stock and shuttered their doors, and people said they were worried about running out of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police in Kumamoto prefecture said that at least 32 people had died from Saturday morning's earthquake. Nine died in the quake on Thursday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half the deaths were in Mashiki, a town on the eastern border of Kumamoto city that was hit hardest by the first quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japan's Kyodo news agency reported that four people were missing in Minamiaso, a more rural area farther east of Kumamoto where the landslides were triggered by the second quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One landslide tore open a mountainside in Minamiaso from the top to a highway below. Another gnawed at a highway, above a smashed house that had fallen down a ravine. In another part of the village, houses were hanging precariously at the edge of a huge hole cut open in the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,500 people were injured in the two earthquakes, said Yoshihide Suga, the Japanese government's top spokesman. He said the number of troops in the area was being raised to 20,000, while additional police and firefighters were also on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mashiki, where people were trapped beneath the rubble for hours, an unconscious 93-year-old woman, Yumiko Yamauchi, was dragged out from the debris of her home Saturday and taken by ambulance to a hospital. Her son-in-law Tatsuhiko Sakata said she had refused to move to shelter with him after the first quake Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I came to see her last night, I was asking her: 'Mother? I'm here! Do you remember me? Do you remember my face?' She replied with a huge smile filled with joy. A kind of smile that I would never forget. And that was the last I saw of her,\" Sakata said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japanese TV showed a collapsed student dormitory at Aso city's Tokai University that was originally two floors, but now looked like a single-story building. A witness said he heard a cry for help from the rubble. Two students were reported to have died there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area has been rocked by aftershocks. The Japan Meteorological Agency said the magnitude-7.3 quake early Saturday may have been the main one, with the one from Thursday night a precursor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanaka, the man spending the night in his car with others in Ozu, had spent Friday starting to clean up the mess from the first earthquake, hoping the aftershocks would gradually subside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then came the big one, which was so powerful I couldn't even stand on my feet. It was horrifying,\" he said, adding that when he left, his house was tilted at an angle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rothery, professor of planetary geosciences at The Open University in Britain, said Saturday's quake was 30 times more powerful than the one Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unusual but not unprecedented for a larger and more damaging earthquake to follow what was taken to be the main event,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rothery noted that in March 2011, a magnitude-7.2 earthquake in northern Japan was followed two days later by the magnitude-9.0 quake that caused a devastating tsunami that killed more than 18,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Aso, near the village of Minamiaso, erupted Saturday for the first time in a month, sending smoke rising about 100 meters (328 feet) into the air, but no damage was reported. It was not clear whether there was a link between the quakes and the eruption. The 1,592-meter (5,223-foot) -high mountain is about a 90-miniute drive from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second earthquake seriously damaged historic Aso Shrine, a picturesque complex near the volcano. A number of buildings with curved tiled roofs were flattened on the ground like lopsided fans. A towering gate, known as the \"cherry blossom gate,\" collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kageyama reported from Tokyo. Associated Press writers Emily Wang in Mashiki, Japan, and Danica Kirka in London contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Chasing the Burn' for Morel Mushrooms in Lake County",
"title": "'Chasing the Burn' for Morel Mushrooms in Lake County",
"headTitle": "California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>There are the facts: The Valley Fire that hit Lake County last September was one of the most destructive in California history. The reality becomes really clear when I drive through what once was a neighborhood in the town of Cobb. I see stone chimneys standing alone, foundations that outline former houses. The hills above had been thick with pine and fir trees. Now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like a moonscape with trees. The trees have been burned so badly there are no needles left,” Kevin Sadlier says. It’s actually because of this fire that Sadlier drove two hours from his home in Marin to explore Lake County this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes we call it ‘chasing the burns,’ ” he says, in search of the black morel mushrooms that grow in the springtime after a forest fire. Joining Sadlier is fellow wild mushroom enthusiast Connie Green, who says morels are opportunists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317385\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spring following a summer or autumn fire is a golden opportunity for morels,” Green says. “It’s as if fire is taking a gigantic eraser, and wiped life out. Where there’s a void, where cleansing fire has made this rather sad, with black sticks in their landscape, morels love this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadlier runs a garden center in Marin and co-founded the Mycological Society of Marin County. He doesn’t sell most of the wild mushrooms he finds, but instead gives them to chefs -- in exchange for meals. He scouted here, where the Valley Fire hit, a couple weeks back, measuring soil temperature and waiting for the perfect conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930201\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10930201 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-800x925.jpg\" alt=\"Finding the right conditions doesn’t guarantee success. As Connie Green warns, “Morels make fools of all of us.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"925\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-800x925.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-400x462.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-1180x1364.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-960x1110.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Finding the right conditions doesn’t guarantee success. As Connie Green warns, 'Morels make fools of all of us.' \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It rained, it warmed up, we have a bit of canopy left, and we have some needleleaf litter on the ground keeping moisture in the soil. Now all we need is morels,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Connie Green warns, “Morels make fools of all of us.” Finding the right conditions doesn’t guarantee success. It’s easy to mistake tiny burnt stumps or rocks for morels. Their textured caps are long and cone-shaped, like dark honeycomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of their charm. We find maybe it’s like a bad boyfriend or girlfriend that you keep going out and being shamed by. It’s a bit like that with morels,” she says with a laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green is not just a forager. For decades she’s run a business supplying wild mushrooms to high-end Bay Area restaurants, and she co-authored the book \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.thewildtable.net/\">The Wild Table\u003c/a>.\" She says there’s a long history and appreciation of different types of morels in Europe and in the Midwest. Here, before morels became a fine-dining staple, long before European settlers came, Native Americans collected them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re absolutely delicious and ultimately terribly frustrating, and immensely scream-worthy to find,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming weeks, commercial and amateur hunters will chase the burns from Northern California through the Pacific Northwest, Canada and Alaska. Some say that because of the large number of acres burned in the West last summer, this may be a huge “burn” morel season. Lake County’s just the first stop on a morel trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930204\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"It’s easy to mistake tiny burnt stumps or rocks for the long, cone-shaped textured caps of morels.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It’s easy to mistake tiny burnt stumps or rocks for the long, cone-shaped textured caps of morels. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The three of us walk through the forest, heads down, when suddenly Kevin Sadlier spots a black SUV covertly parked off the road and says, “We’ve got company,” likely a fellow mushroom hunter. Sadlier and Green both laugh, knowingly, and plan to head off in a different direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we move to another spot, and come across two other foragers he knows, that’s when we find a cluster of morels poking out of needles covering the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I gasp, and Sadlier says, “We’re in the promised land. They’re everywhere!” I see grown men chase each other to a morel cluster, and we spend hours scanning the hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We fill a paper grocery bag with morels: a respectable haul but really just for home eating. So, what’s the allure? Adventure, for one. Sadlier says he’s come across rattlesnakes, mountain lions, even bears while hunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do really enjoy eating the wild mushrooms, but I enjoy the hunt more,” he says. “There’s something about how it brings out the hunter/gatherer instinct. It’s almost a magical feeling: You go into a wilderness area, you interpret your environment, and you try your luck. If you find wild mushrooms, there’s no better feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These foragers believe the real mother lode would be higher up, inside the boundaries of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stateparks.com/boggs_mountain_state_forest_in_california.html\" target=\"_blank\">Boggs Mountain State Forest\u003c/a>, which has been closed to the public since the fire. They’re pretty frustrated that they’re restricted from this public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Tr1Td6XwDgec8uaDVElM3VjIluxYWL4q\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arbitrary and capricious,” Sadlier calls that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Idiocy,” Green says. “Now, it’ll be fine to go in there and do salvage logging, but to allow outdoors people, taxpaying Americans who pay for the parks, to walk in the woods looking for mushrooms, that’s not OK with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, Jim Wright, of \u003ca href=\"http://www.allgov.com/usa/ca/departments/natural-resources-agency/department_of_forestry_and_fire_protection?agencyid=149\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection\u003c/a>, disagrees. He’s co-managing Boggs Mountain State Forest and asks, “How do you protect people across 3,000 acres of dead trees? It’s almost impossible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says 80 percent of the forest's trees burned, and his top priority is removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he drives me around the black and brown hills of the forest, it looks like something out of a dystopic science fiction film. On an active logging site, equipment with mechanized arms and saws fells dead trees, strips off burnt bark and moves as much as 100 truckloads a day out to mills. Even where logging isn’t happening, Wright says, the forest is dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of trees are in danger of coming down,” he says. “The tops will start breaking out of these trees, the limbs will start breaking off and coming down with just the slightest breeze,” and burned-out stumps and roots create holes in the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Wright knows many morel hunters are familiar with forests and are eager to get on the land, he says, “We can’t interview each person to find out if they’re qualified, see if they have a hardhat, if they're familiar with hazards of forest. We’d have to do a site safety plan with each one of them. It’s just not practical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, the forest is closed to all recreational activity, and Wright hopes to have at least some portions of the forest open in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been to many morel fire-burned areas,” says local Joe Guardado, “and there’s areas in Boggs that are beyond anything I ever saw.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10930277 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"'Mushroom' Joe Guardado\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-800x543.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-400x272.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-1180x801.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-960x652.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'Mushroom Joe' Guardado \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the fire, Guardado hiked Boggs Forest every day. He’s spent many winters foraging pounds and pounds of porcini mushrooms in the forest and around the town of Loch Lomond, where he lives. It’s a weekend getaway for Northern Californian Italian families, with resorts like Biggi’s Family Club and Italian Village swelling the population in the summer. They revere mushrooms here. Guardado introduces me to a friend, Mike Giusti, who built a shrine in his front yard that, from a distance, looks like it honors the Virgin Mary. Up close, it’s clear that it’s a porcini made of stones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guardado says he doesn’t forage mushrooms for money. He swaps jars of dried porcinis for hunted pheasant or duck, or wine made by the families who vacation here. Guardado is a caretaker, and he knows them all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People like Flora and Romano Marcucci. He points to Guardado and says, “They call him the King for Mushrooms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep. In these parts, Guardado is called the King, or Mushroom Joe. He’s showing the Marcuccis where edible wild mushrooms pop out of little mounds of leaves in a yard. They’re coccolis, white mushrooms as big as my hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930285\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930285\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-800x832.jpg\" alt=\"Romano Marcucci shows off the coccolis he unearthed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"832\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-800x832.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-400x416.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-1180x1227.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-960x998.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Romano Marcucci shows off the coccolis he unearthed. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Marcuccis ran an Italian restaurant in San Francisco, and know what to do with their haul. Flora says she’ll slice the mushrooms and cook them simply in olive oil with garlic, pepper and salt. “Let it fry, get nice and crunch. Delicious!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also unearth one deadly mushroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, that’s a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/23/this-mushroom-starts-killing-you-before-you-even-realize-it/\" target=\"_blank\">death cap\u003c/a>,” says Mushroom Joe, looking at its pimply skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romano Marcucci draws his finger across his neck, ominously, saying, “No doctor will save you from that.” But all three are lifelong mushroom hunters who know what to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mushroom Joe and I spend the afternoon in a couple burn areas hunting for morels: no luck today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elusive Morchella, that’s what they call them. They’re elusive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’ll be here only after this fire. So, he’ll keep looking. But he skipped porcini season last winter ... his heart just wasn’t in it. He says he feels a tension between his mushroom-hunting passion and his love of these now-scorched hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s what you loved and now it’s all black,” he says. “It’s not so bad because right now we’re looking for mushrooms, so I don’t have to look up that often. I’m looking down at the ground, like you’re blocking it out of your mind that it’s not there. It’s sad. It’s just real sad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because, Mushroom Joe Guardado says, chasing the burn for morels hurts a little, if it’s in your own backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/california-foodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported, in part, by a grant from \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhum.org/\">California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "These prized and elusive fungi have proliferated this spring after last fall's devastating Valley Fire.",
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"description": "These prized and elusive fungi have proliferated this spring after last fall's devastating Valley Fire.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are the facts: The Valley Fire that hit Lake County last September was one of the most destructive in California history. The reality becomes really clear when I drive through what once was a neighborhood in the town of Cobb. I see stone chimneys standing alone, foundations that outline former houses. The hills above had been thick with pine and fir trees. Now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like a moonscape with trees. The trees have been burned so badly there are no needles left,” Kevin Sadlier says. It’s actually because of this fire that Sadlier drove two hours from his home in Marin to explore Lake County this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes we call it ‘chasing the burns,’ ” he says, in search of the black morel mushrooms that grow in the springtime after a forest fire. Joining Sadlier is fellow wild mushroom enthusiast Connie Green, who says morels are opportunists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317385&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317385'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spring following a summer or autumn fire is a golden opportunity for morels,” Green says. “It’s as if fire is taking a gigantic eraser, and wiped life out. Where there’s a void, where cleansing fire has made this rather sad, with black sticks in their landscape, morels love this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadlier runs a garden center in Marin and co-founded the Mycological Society of Marin County. He doesn’t sell most of the wild mushrooms he finds, but instead gives them to chefs -- in exchange for meals. He scouted here, where the Valley Fire hit, a couple weeks back, measuring soil temperature and waiting for the perfect conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930201\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10930201 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-800x925.jpg\" alt=\"Finding the right conditions doesn’t guarantee success. As Connie Green warns, “Morels make fools of all of us.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"925\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-800x925.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-400x462.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-1180x1364.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/ConnieGreen-960x1110.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Finding the right conditions doesn’t guarantee success. As Connie Green warns, 'Morels make fools of all of us.' \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It rained, it warmed up, we have a bit of canopy left, and we have some needleleaf litter on the ground keeping moisture in the soil. Now all we need is morels,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Connie Green warns, “Morels make fools of all of us.” Finding the right conditions doesn’t guarantee success. It’s easy to mistake tiny burnt stumps or rocks for morels. Their textured caps are long and cone-shaped, like dark honeycomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of their charm. We find maybe it’s like a bad boyfriend or girlfriend that you keep going out and being shamed by. It’s a bit like that with morels,” she says with a laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green is not just a forager. For decades she’s run a business supplying wild mushrooms to high-end Bay Area restaurants, and she co-authored the book \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.thewildtable.net/\">The Wild Table\u003c/a>.\" She says there’s a long history and appreciation of different types of morels in Europe and in the Midwest. Here, before morels became a fine-dining staple, long before European settlers came, Native Americans collected them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re absolutely delicious and ultimately terribly frustrating, and immensely scream-worthy to find,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming weeks, commercial and amateur hunters will chase the burns from Northern California through the Pacific Northwest, Canada and Alaska. Some say that because of the large number of acres burned in the West last summer, this may be a huge “burn” morel season. Lake County’s just the first stop on a morel trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930204\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"It’s easy to mistake tiny burnt stumps or rocks for the long, cone-shaped textured caps of morels.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MorelBowl-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It’s easy to mistake tiny burnt stumps or rocks for the long, cone-shaped textured caps of morels. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The three of us walk through the forest, heads down, when suddenly Kevin Sadlier spots a black SUV covertly parked off the road and says, “We’ve got company,” likely a fellow mushroom hunter. Sadlier and Green both laugh, knowingly, and plan to head off in a different direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we move to another spot, and come across two other foragers he knows, that’s when we find a cluster of morels poking out of needles covering the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I gasp, and Sadlier says, “We’re in the promised land. They’re everywhere!” I see grown men chase each other to a morel cluster, and we spend hours scanning the hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We fill a paper grocery bag with morels: a respectable haul but really just for home eating. So, what’s the allure? Adventure, for one. Sadlier says he’s come across rattlesnakes, mountain lions, even bears while hunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do really enjoy eating the wild mushrooms, but I enjoy the hunt more,” he says. “There’s something about how it brings out the hunter/gatherer instinct. It’s almost a magical feeling: You go into a wilderness area, you interpret your environment, and you try your luck. If you find wild mushrooms, there’s no better feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These foragers believe the real mother lode would be higher up, inside the boundaries of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stateparks.com/boggs_mountain_state_forest_in_california.html\" target=\"_blank\">Boggs Mountain State Forest\u003c/a>, which has been closed to the public since the fire. They’re pretty frustrated that they’re restricted from this public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arbitrary and capricious,” Sadlier calls that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Idiocy,” Green says. “Now, it’ll be fine to go in there and do salvage logging, but to allow outdoors people, taxpaying Americans who pay for the parks, to walk in the woods looking for mushrooms, that’s not OK with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, Jim Wright, of \u003ca href=\"http://www.allgov.com/usa/ca/departments/natural-resources-agency/department_of_forestry_and_fire_protection?agencyid=149\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection\u003c/a>, disagrees. He’s co-managing Boggs Mountain State Forest and asks, “How do you protect people across 3,000 acres of dead trees? It’s almost impossible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says 80 percent of the forest's trees burned, and his top priority is removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he drives me around the black and brown hills of the forest, it looks like something out of a dystopic science fiction film. On an active logging site, equipment with mechanized arms and saws fells dead trees, strips off burnt bark and moves as much as 100 truckloads a day out to mills. Even where logging isn’t happening, Wright says, the forest is dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of trees are in danger of coming down,” he says. “The tops will start breaking out of these trees, the limbs will start breaking off and coming down with just the slightest breeze,” and burned-out stumps and roots create holes in the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Wright knows many morel hunters are familiar with forests and are eager to get on the land, he says, “We can’t interview each person to find out if they’re qualified, see if they have a hardhat, if they're familiar with hazards of forest. We’d have to do a site safety plan with each one of them. It’s just not practical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, the forest is closed to all recreational activity, and Wright hopes to have at least some portions of the forest open in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been to many morel fire-burned areas,” says local Joe Guardado, “and there’s areas in Boggs that are beyond anything I ever saw.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10930277 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"'Mushroom' Joe Guardado\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-800x543.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-400x272.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-1180x801.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/MushroomJoe-960x652.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'Mushroom Joe' Guardado \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the fire, Guardado hiked Boggs Forest every day. He’s spent many winters foraging pounds and pounds of porcini mushrooms in the forest and around the town of Loch Lomond, where he lives. It’s a weekend getaway for Northern Californian Italian families, with resorts like Biggi’s Family Club and Italian Village swelling the population in the summer. They revere mushrooms here. Guardado introduces me to a friend, Mike Giusti, who built a shrine in his front yard that, from a distance, looks like it honors the Virgin Mary. Up close, it’s clear that it’s a porcini made of stones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guardado says he doesn’t forage mushrooms for money. He swaps jars of dried porcinis for hunted pheasant or duck, or wine made by the families who vacation here. Guardado is a caretaker, and he knows them all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People like Flora and Romano Marcucci. He points to Guardado and says, “They call him the King for Mushrooms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep. In these parts, Guardado is called the King, or Mushroom Joe. He’s showing the Marcuccis where edible wild mushrooms pop out of little mounds of leaves in a yard. They’re coccolis, white mushrooms as big as my hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930285\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930285\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-800x832.jpg\" alt=\"Romano Marcucci shows off the coccolis he unearthed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"832\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-800x832.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-400x416.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-1180x1227.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-960x998.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/Coccolis-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Romano Marcucci shows off the coccolis he unearthed. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Marcuccis ran an Italian restaurant in San Francisco, and know what to do with their haul. Flora says she’ll slice the mushrooms and cook them simply in olive oil with garlic, pepper and salt. “Let it fry, get nice and crunch. Delicious!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also unearth one deadly mushroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, that’s a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/23/this-mushroom-starts-killing-you-before-you-even-realize-it/\" target=\"_blank\">death cap\u003c/a>,” says Mushroom Joe, looking at its pimply skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romano Marcucci draws his finger across his neck, ominously, saying, “No doctor will save you from that.” But all three are lifelong mushroom hunters who know what to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mushroom Joe and I spend the afternoon in a couple burn areas hunting for morels: no luck today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elusive Morchella, that’s what they call them. They’re elusive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’ll be here only after this fire. So, he’ll keep looking. But he skipped porcini season last winter ... his heart just wasn’t in it. He says he feels a tension between his mushroom-hunting passion and his love of these now-scorched hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s what you loved and now it’s all black,” he says. “It’s not so bad because right now we’re looking for mushrooms, so I don’t have to look up that often. I’m looking down at the ground, like you’re blocking it out of your mind that it’s not there. It’s sad. It’s just real sad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because, Mushroom Joe Guardado says, chasing the burn for morels hurts a little, if it’s in your own backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/california-foodways\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported, in part, by a grant from \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhum.org/\">California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Inside Tesla’s Mysterious Desert Battery Factory | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Tesla’s Gigafactory is a lot like Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory: it’s mysterious, it’s big and few people have been inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost two years now, the company has been building the largest battery factory on the planet high in the Nevada desert—a factory that it says could revolutionize the way consumers use energy at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tucked away in a dusty valley, half an hour east of Reno. Driving up Electric Avenue, the factory is a stark contrast on the horizon. It’s a sleek white building with a red stripe, almost like one of the company’s cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBTeslaGigafactorySommer160418.mp3\u003cbr>\n“It’s really hard to get a sense of scale,” says Tesla co-founder and Chief Technical Officer JB Straubel. “I mean, it’s huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re up on the roof of the Gigafactory, the small piece that has been built already, trying to get a glimpse of that scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you can see the building footprint that would be in front of us to the west and north,” he says, pointing to the flat expanse of land where the rest of the factory will go—all 5.8 million square feet of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a huge football fan but I think it’s on the order of around a hundred football fields,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Willy Wonka’s factory, there’s a lot of hype about this place, both for the records it’s breaking and the company’s mystique. People have been caught sneaking onto the property to see it under construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla begins battery production while the neighboring sections of the factory are still under construction.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-400x208.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-800x416.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-768x399.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-1180x614.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-960x499.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla is beginning battery production while neighboring sections of the factory are still under construction. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its multiple floors, it’ll be one of the largest factories in the U.S., period. Its main rival is Boeing’s factory in Everett, Washington where 747s are assembled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada beat out several states by luring Tesla with an incentive package worth more than a billion dollars. Lawmakers here are watching like hawks for the economic benefits, like making sure Nevadans make up a big part of the factory’s construction crew and 6,000 permanent workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Baking Batteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the factory, that workforce is going full steam ahead. Workers are welding steel, pouring concrete and installing highly specialized machines, shrouded in plastic. It goes on for room after room after room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641713\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641713\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1.jpg\" alt=\"Production is underway for Tesla's home battery, the Powerwall.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"655\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-400x218.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-800x437.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-768x419.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-1180x644.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-960x524.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Production is underway for Tesla’s home battery, the Powerwall. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So this is a pretty exciting room,” Straubel says. It’s filled with huge metal tanks, almost like an insanely-large industrial kitchen. “This is where we will actually mix the materials, the raw materials, we mix them into what’s called a slurry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main pieces of the lithium-ion batteries, the anode and cathode, are baked by huge machines in yet another room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit like a giant baking oven except it’s a few hundred feet long,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As each section of the Gigafactory is completed, Tesla moves in and starts battery production immediately. It will eventually be connected by rail to Tesla’s car-assembly plant in Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straubel says the Gigafactory will even run on renewable energy from solar panels covering the roof, as well as off-site renewable projects and batteries, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla CTO JB Straubel in front of Powerpacks, refrigerator-size batteries for factories or electric utilities.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"693\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-400x231.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-1180x681.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-960x554.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla CTO JB Straubel in front of Powerpacks, refrigerator-size batteries for factories or electric utilities. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All About Scale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla expects the factory, created in partnership with Panasonic, to double the world’s capacity for lithium-ion battery production, eventually making 35 gigawatt-hours of energy storage annually. That would supply 500,000 of its electric cars, a significant leap over what the company is producing now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about building a lot more batteries but it’s about reducing the cost,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-641710\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415-400x711.png\" alt=\"Tesla_V06_160415\" width=\"355\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415-400x711.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415.png 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Tesla. Graphics by Teodros Hailye/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tesla is known for its pricey cars. Its sedan, the Model S, starts at $76,500 before tax credits, and batteries are a big part of the sticker price. Analysts estimate that most battery packs cost well over $10,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is why, Straubel says, the Gigafactory is about scale. He believes scaling up could drive down the cost of batteries 30 percent or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think we’ll probably be able to exceed that,” Straubel says. “Our vehicles can be more affordable. More people can have access to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the company is going for with the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.teslamotors.com/model3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Model 3\u003c/a>, its first mass market car, announced last month. It’ll run around $28,000 dollars after the federal tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t come out until late next year, but customers lined up in droves to put down $1,000 deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have today over 325,000 reservations for Model 3, representing this enormous backlog of orders,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catch is that Tesla can’t fill those orders without this factory up and running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of why we’re trying to go so fast and accelerate the construction here, so we are ready ahead of time,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641809\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-800x436.jpg\" alt=\"Under Nevada’s tax incentive package, half of the workers hired must be Nevada residents.\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-800x436.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-400x218.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-768x418.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-1440x785.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-1180x643.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-960x523.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3.jpg 1472w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under Nevada’s tax incentive package, half of the workers hired must be Nevada residents. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Home Battery\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one room over, the part of the Gigafactory that is running is making something else: the \u003ca href=\"https://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall\">Powerwall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a flat battery, about 4 feet long, 3 feet wide, and it’s Tesla’s first battery for your house. There are stacks of them on the factory floor, ready to ship to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone has solar on their house and they install a Powerwall, what this lets you do is store your surplus solar energy,” Straubel says. Homeowners could then use around 7 kilowatt-hours of that stored energy at night, which is several hours’ worth, depending on energy demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641719\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-641719\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-400x344.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla's home battery, designed to store solar energy for use at night.\" width=\"400\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-400x344.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-768x660.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla’s home battery, designed to store solar energy for use at night. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The production floor is also stacked with Powerpacks, a larger version of the battery about the size of a refrigerator. They’re designed to store electricity at factories, industrial sites, or on the grid itself by electric utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines humming in this part of the plant are part of Tesla’s ultimate vision for their customers: an electric car in the garage and batteries that store all the solar power they need. It’s a future free of fossil fuels, Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are the missing piece in allowing sustainable energy to scale up to 100 percent of our energy needs,” he says. “We’re confident that eventually just about every vehicle on the road will move to being electric.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s changing the transportation landscape. That’s changing the energy landscape. It is changing the world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It probably doesn’t need to be said: trying to change the world is a major gamble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gamble in the Desert\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is [Tesla CEO] Elon Musk far-seeing and investing in the future? Or is he making big bets that could all collapse at once?” says Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to fighting climate change, Borenstien says the world could use lots of electric cars and low-cost, solar batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-800x389.jpg\" alt=\"An artist rendering of the Gigafactory, covered in solar panels that will power the facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-800x389.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-400x195.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-768x374.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-1440x701.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-1180x574.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-960x467.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective.jpg 1878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist rendering of the Gigafactory, covered in solar panels that will power the facility. \u003ccite>(Tesla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we could figure out a way to produce batteries at large-scale and low-cost, it would really be a game changer for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, he says, is whether consumers are ready to buy into Tesla’s vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas prices have been extremely low, which hurts demand for efficient cars. And then there’s the $3,000 Powerwall battery. Electric rates in many states make it hard to actually save money storing your own electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California and some other states, solar customers are paid by their electric utilities for the extra solar power they put onto the grid, a policy known as “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/07/with-rooftop-solar-booming-california-utilities-want-to-charge-more/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">net-energy metering\u003c/a>.” That creates little financial incentive to store solar energy at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A battery could save someone money if electricity costs a lot more at night than it does during the day. Borenstein says few states have those kind of electricity prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Average households are not going to get much or any value from these batteries,” Borenstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641724\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-800x403.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla's Powerwall production line.\" width=\"800\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-800x403.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-400x202.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-768x387.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-1180x595.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-960x484.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla’s Powerwall production line. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early adopters may not care, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re people who like that and feel good about it and they’re mostly pretty darn rich,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla is betting that cheaper batteries will make everyone else want a home battery and electric car, too, something that could finally lead the company to profitability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $5 billion Gigafactory is exactly that gamble. If Tesla stays on schedule, the factory will be fully open in four years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tesla’s Gigafactory is a lot like Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory: it’s mysterious, it’s big and few people have been inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost two years now, the company has been building the largest battery factory on the planet high in the Nevada desert—a factory that it says could revolutionize the way consumers use energy at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tucked away in a dusty valley, half an hour east of Reno. Driving up Electric Avenue, the factory is a stark contrast on the horizon. It’s a sleek white building with a red stripe, almost like one of the company’s cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBTeslaGigafactorySommer160418.mp3\u003cbr>\n“It’s really hard to get a sense of scale,” says Tesla co-founder and Chief Technical Officer JB Straubel. “I mean, it’s huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re up on the roof of the Gigafactory, the small piece that has been built already, trying to get a glimpse of that scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you can see the building footprint that would be in front of us to the west and north,” he says, pointing to the flat expanse of land where the rest of the factory will go—all 5.8 million square feet of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a huge football fan but I think it’s on the order of around a hundred football fields,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Willy Wonka’s factory, there’s a lot of hype about this place, both for the records it’s breaking and the company’s mystique. People have been caught sneaking onto the property to see it under construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla begins battery production while the neighboring sections of the factory are still under construction.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-400x208.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-800x416.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-768x399.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-1180x614.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside2-960x499.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla is beginning battery production while neighboring sections of the factory are still under construction. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its multiple floors, it’ll be one of the largest factories in the U.S., period. Its main rival is Boeing’s factory in Everett, Washington where 747s are assembled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada beat out several states by luring Tesla with an incentive package worth more than a billion dollars. Lawmakers here are watching like hawks for the economic benefits, like making sure Nevadans make up a big part of the factory’s construction crew and 6,000 permanent workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Baking Batteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the factory, that workforce is going full steam ahead. Workers are welding steel, pouring concrete and installing highly specialized machines, shrouded in plastic. It goes on for room after room after room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641713\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641713\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1.jpg\" alt=\"Production is underway for Tesla's home battery, the Powerwall.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"655\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-400x218.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-800x437.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-768x419.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-1180x644.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside1-960x524.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Production is underway for Tesla’s home battery, the Powerwall. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So this is a pretty exciting room,” Straubel says. It’s filled with huge metal tanks, almost like an insanely-large industrial kitchen. “This is where we will actually mix the materials, the raw materials, we mix them into what’s called a slurry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main pieces of the lithium-ion batteries, the anode and cathode, are baked by huge machines in yet another room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit like a giant baking oven except it’s a few hundred feet long,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As each section of the Gigafactory is completed, Tesla moves in and starts battery production immediately. It will eventually be connected by rail to Tesla’s car-assembly plant in Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straubel says the Gigafactory will even run on renewable energy from solar panels covering the roof, as well as off-site renewable projects and batteries, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-641717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla CTO JB Straubel in front of Powerpacks, refrigerator-size batteries for factories or electric utilities.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"693\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-400x231.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-1180x681.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside3-960x554.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla CTO JB Straubel in front of Powerpacks, refrigerator-size batteries for factories or electric utilities. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All About Scale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla expects the factory, created in partnership with Panasonic, to double the world’s capacity for lithium-ion battery production, eventually making 35 gigawatt-hours of energy storage annually. That would supply 500,000 of its electric cars, a significant leap over what the company is producing now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about building a lot more batteries but it’s about reducing the cost,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-641710\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415-400x711.png\" alt=\"Tesla_V06_160415\" width=\"355\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415-400x711.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla_V06_160415.png 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Tesla. Graphics by Teodros Hailye/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tesla is known for its pricey cars. Its sedan, the Model S, starts at $76,500 before tax credits, and batteries are a big part of the sticker price. Analysts estimate that most battery packs cost well over $10,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is why, Straubel says, the Gigafactory is about scale. He believes scaling up could drive down the cost of batteries 30 percent or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think we’ll probably be able to exceed that,” Straubel says. “Our vehicles can be more affordable. More people can have access to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the company is going for with the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.teslamotors.com/model3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Model 3\u003c/a>, its first mass market car, announced last month. It’ll run around $28,000 dollars after the federal tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t come out until late next year, but customers lined up in droves to put down $1,000 deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have today over 325,000 reservations for Model 3, representing this enormous backlog of orders,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The catch is that Tesla can’t fill those orders without this factory up and running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of why we’re trying to go so fast and accelerate the construction here, so we are ready ahead of time,” Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641809\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-800x436.jpg\" alt=\"Under Nevada’s tax incentive package, half of the workers hired must be Nevada residents.\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-800x436.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-400x218.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-768x418.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-1440x785.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-1180x643.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3-960x523.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Outside3.jpg 1472w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under Nevada’s tax incentive package, half of the workers hired must be Nevada residents. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Home Battery\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one room over, the part of the Gigafactory that is running is making something else: the \u003ca href=\"https://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall\">Powerwall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a flat battery, about 4 feet long, 3 feet wide, and it’s Tesla’s first battery for your house. There are stacks of them on the factory floor, ready to ship to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone has solar on their house and they install a Powerwall, what this lets you do is store your surplus solar energy,” Straubel says. Homeowners could then use around 7 kilowatt-hours of that stored energy at night, which is several hours’ worth, depending on energy demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641719\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-641719\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-400x344.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla's home battery, designed to store solar energy for use at night.\" width=\"400\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-400x344.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Powerwall-768x660.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla’s home battery, designed to store solar energy for use at night. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The production floor is also stacked with Powerpacks, a larger version of the battery about the size of a refrigerator. They’re designed to store electricity at factories, industrial sites, or on the grid itself by electric utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines humming in this part of the plant are part of Tesla’s ultimate vision for their customers: an electric car in the garage and batteries that store all the solar power they need. It’s a future free of fossil fuels, Straubel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are the missing piece in allowing sustainable energy to scale up to 100 percent of our energy needs,” he says. “We’re confident that eventually just about every vehicle on the road will move to being electric.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s changing the transportation landscape. That’s changing the energy landscape. It is changing the world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It probably doesn’t need to be said: trying to change the world is a major gamble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gamble in the Desert\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is [Tesla CEO] Elon Musk far-seeing and investing in the future? Or is he making big bets that could all collapse at once?” says Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to fighting climate change, Borenstien says the world could use lots of electric cars and low-cost, solar batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-800x389.jpg\" alt=\"An artist rendering of the Gigafactory, covered in solar panels that will power the facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-800x389.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-400x195.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-768x374.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-1440x701.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-1180x574.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective-960x467.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Tesla-Aerial-Perspective.jpg 1878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist rendering of the Gigafactory, covered in solar panels that will power the facility. \u003ccite>(Tesla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we could figure out a way to produce batteries at large-scale and low-cost, it would really be a game changer for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, he says, is whether consumers are ready to buy into Tesla’s vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas prices have been extremely low, which hurts demand for efficient cars. And then there’s the $3,000 Powerwall battery. Electric rates in many states make it hard to actually save money storing your own electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California and some other states, solar customers are paid by their electric utilities for the extra solar power they put onto the grid, a policy known as “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/07/with-rooftop-solar-booming-california-utilities-want-to-charge-more/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">net-energy metering\u003c/a>.” That creates little financial incentive to store solar energy at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A battery could save someone money if electricity costs a lot more at night than it does during the day. Borenstein says few states have those kind of electricity prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Average households are not going to get much or any value from these batteries,” Borenstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_641724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-641724\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-800x403.jpg\" alt=\"Tesla's Powerwall production line.\" width=\"800\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-800x403.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-400x202.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-768x387.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-1180x595.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2-960x484.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Inside2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla’s Powerwall production line. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early adopters may not care, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re people who like that and feel good about it and they’re mostly pretty darn rich,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla is betting that cheaper batteries will make everyone else want a home battery and electric car, too, something that could finally lead the company to profitability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $5 billion Gigafactory is exactly that gamble. If Tesla stays on schedule, the factory will be fully open in four years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Conservationists Use Microphones and Big Data to Count Disappearing Frogs",
"headTitle": "Conservationists Use Microphones and Big Data to Count Disappearing Frogs | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The sun has just set at the Watsonville Slough. Biologist Gary Kittleson and I are putting on headlamps and waders. We are searching for California red-legged frogs. Kittleson is an expert on the species. He’s working with a young tech company that is using sound to find out how many of the frogs remain in the slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This red-legged frog has had more than it’s “15 minutes” of fame. Many believe it was the amphibian in Mark Twain’s first breakthrough short story,\u003ca href=\"http://twain.lib.virginia.edu/projects/price/frog.htm\"> “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.”\u003c/a> Today, it’s listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act and its population numbers \u003ca href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/136113/0\">continue to decline\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You’re going to start having cameras, acoustic sensors, and satellites trained on these important parts of the world.’ \u003ccite>Matthew McKown, CEO of Conservation Metrics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2014/07/15/california-red-legged-frog-named-state-amphibian/\">Red-legged frogs \u003c/a>are the state amphibian and once abounded in California. But in the 19th and 20th centuries they were over-hunted — it seems that people loved to eat their legs. Today these amphibians are losing habitat and are threatened by invasive species like the American bullfrog. Few California red-legged frogs remain. Some years Kittleson says he’d be ecstatic to see just one or two in the slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.landtrustsantacruz.org/watsonville-slough-farm/\">The Watsonville Slough \u003c/a>in Santa Cruz County provides vital marshland habitat for California red-legged frogs. To get an accurate count of the dwindling population here, scientists like Kittleson are trying something new. They are teaming up with \u003ca href=\"http://conservationmetrics.com/\">Conservation Metrics\u003c/a>, a tech company that specializes in big data and sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/ZZ/20141109/NEWS/141104235\">Kittleson\u003c/a>, a consulting biologist with a private practice, is the expert on the ground for the project. Over the years he has identified a piece of old farmland in the Watsonville Slough as a hotspot for red-legged frogs. They seem to be drawn to some low-lying ponds once used to raise pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.landtrustsantacruz.org/\">The Land Trust of Santa Cruz County\u003c/a> owns this piece of land. It is working to save the frogs here by doing things like putting mesh wire around their eggs to protect them from predators. The Land Trust hired Kittleson to do population counts, to see if conservation efforts are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_637841\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-637841\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Conservation Metrics uses song meters to record red-legged frog calls all night.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conservation Metrics uses song meters to record red-legged frog calls all night. \u003ccite>(Conservation Metrics)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kittleson spends a few hours out here at a time, wading through swamp water, peering into brush, and listening for red-legged frogs. Picking out their low calls is no easy task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slough is rife with chorus frogs, which make repeated, loud, high-pitched calls. The sound is deafening. Kittleson and I have stopped at the edge of a small pool of water. The chorus is all I can hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kittleson begins explaining the history of the pond to me, and then abruptly stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a red-legged frog,” he says. We listen. I hear nothing. “It probably won’t call again because we are talking,” Kittleson says. His ears are so finely tuned, he can hear red-legged frogs even while he talks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317553″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sorting Out the Soundscape\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Field observation like this is the old way of counting animals. At best Kittleson says you only get a tiny slice of good data — a sample of a sample of a sample. That’s why the Land Trust is partnering with Conservation Metrics. The company has put up \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlifeacoustics.com/\">song meters\u003c/a>, which continuously record the nighttime soundscape. Near the edge of the pond, Kittleson points out one of the recording devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s the song meter, mounted on fence posts,” he says, “It’s recording us now.” The green box has microphones protruding from each side. They’re like little ears, capturing everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far Conservation Metrics has gathered 1,630 hours of recordings, which translates into 241 gigabytes of data. Down at its office in Santa Cruz, the company turns the recordings into images called spectrograms. Employee Jeff Schlueter writes algorithms so the computer can sift through hours and hours of audio in the spectrograms and isolate the red-legged frog calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_633578\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-633578\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Spectrogram-inspection-e1460423793529.jpg\" alt=\"Jeff Schlueter writes algorithms to sort through hours and hours of recordings.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeff Schlueter (at left) writes algorithms to sort through hours and hours of recordings. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Conservation Metrics the red-legged frog survey is a relatively small project, more of a pilot program to show its approach can be helpful with a variety of species. Up until now Conservation Metrics has worked mostly with song birds. This year, the company is running 42 projects in 15 countries, and it is handling about 50 terabytes of data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using algorithms, one person with a computer can sort through the data for each project and get a population count that would normally take a whole team of field biologists. Matthew McKown founded Conservation Metrics about three years ago after seeing the potential of big data in conservation when he was a graduate student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our whole point is to make conservation better,” McKown says, “so we’re trying to make it as cheap as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKown is capitalizing on the rapidly plummeting cost of gathering and crunching data. He says the conservation world has just recently entered the big data era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_637753\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-637753\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The top band on this spectrogram shows sound made my chorus frogs, the red-legged calls are hiding down at the bottom.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The top band on this spectrogram shows sound made by chorus frogs, the red-legged calls are hiding down at the bottom. \u003ccite>(Conservation Metrics)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists are now collecting and analyzing audio, video, satellite imagery, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/supercomputers-map-out-super-endangered-species-in-3-d/\">GPS data from all kinds of animals\u003c/a> like the California condor and the dugong, a threatened relative of the manatee. McKown says surveillance and big data are going to start playing a bigger role in protecting endangered species and threatened habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re going to start having is cameras, acoustic sensors, and satellites trained on these important parts of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the marsh near Watsonville, Kittleson says he hopes better data will give us clues about how to save the California red-legged frog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are now waist-deep in swamp water, sweeping the pond with our headlamps, looking for the glare of frog eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then Kittleson finally spots one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The frog is sitting on a tiny log, floating by the water’s edge. Kittleson is not optimistic about the future of the species. It’s habitat, which once covered most of California, \u003ca href=\"https://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=D02D\">continues to shrink \u003c/a>and its population continues to decline. But Kittleson says getting good data on the number of frogs that remain is the only chance we have to start moving in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Conservationists in Santa Cruz are turning to big data and sound to count disappearing frogs.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The sun has just set at the Watsonville Slough. Biologist Gary Kittleson and I are putting on headlamps and waders. We are searching for California red-legged frogs. Kittleson is an expert on the species. He’s working with a young tech company that is using sound to find out how many of the frogs remain in the slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This red-legged frog has had more than it’s “15 minutes” of fame. Many believe it was the amphibian in Mark Twain’s first breakthrough short story,\u003ca href=\"http://twain.lib.virginia.edu/projects/price/frog.htm\"> “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.”\u003c/a> Today, it’s listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act and its population numbers \u003ca href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/136113/0\">continue to decline\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You’re going to start having cameras, acoustic sensors, and satellites trained on these important parts of the world.’ \u003ccite>Matthew McKown, CEO of Conservation Metrics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2014/07/15/california-red-legged-frog-named-state-amphibian/\">Red-legged frogs \u003c/a>are the state amphibian and once abounded in California. But in the 19th and 20th centuries they were over-hunted — it seems that people loved to eat their legs. Today these amphibians are losing habitat and are threatened by invasive species like the American bullfrog. Few California red-legged frogs remain. Some years Kittleson says he’d be ecstatic to see just one or two in the slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.landtrustsantacruz.org/watsonville-slough-farm/\">The Watsonville Slough \u003c/a>in Santa Cruz County provides vital marshland habitat for California red-legged frogs. To get an accurate count of the dwindling population here, scientists like Kittleson are trying something new. They are teaming up with \u003ca href=\"http://conservationmetrics.com/\">Conservation Metrics\u003c/a>, a tech company that specializes in big data and sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/ZZ/20141109/NEWS/141104235\">Kittleson\u003c/a>, a consulting biologist with a private practice, is the expert on the ground for the project. Over the years he has identified a piece of old farmland in the Watsonville Slough as a hotspot for red-legged frogs. They seem to be drawn to some low-lying ponds once used to raise pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.landtrustsantacruz.org/\">The Land Trust of Santa Cruz County\u003c/a> owns this piece of land. It is working to save the frogs here by doing things like putting mesh wire around their eggs to protect them from predators. The Land Trust hired Kittleson to do population counts, to see if conservation efforts are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_637841\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-637841\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Conservation Metrics uses song meters to record red-legged frog calls all night.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CMI_Songmeter_Watsonville-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conservation Metrics uses song meters to record red-legged frog calls all night. \u003ccite>(Conservation Metrics)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kittleson spends a few hours out here at a time, wading through swamp water, peering into brush, and listening for red-legged frogs. Picking out their low calls is no easy task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slough is rife with chorus frogs, which make repeated, loud, high-pitched calls. The sound is deafening. Kittleson and I have stopped at the edge of a small pool of water. The chorus is all I can hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kittleson begins explaining the history of the pond to me, and then abruptly stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a red-legged frog,” he says. We listen. I hear nothing. “It probably won’t call again because we are talking,” Kittleson says. His ears are so finely tuned, he can hear red-legged frogs even while he talks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317553″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317553″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sorting Out the Soundscape\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Field observation like this is the old way of counting animals. At best Kittleson says you only get a tiny slice of good data — a sample of a sample of a sample. That’s why the Land Trust is partnering with Conservation Metrics. The company has put up \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlifeacoustics.com/\">song meters\u003c/a>, which continuously record the nighttime soundscape. Near the edge of the pond, Kittleson points out one of the recording devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s the song meter, mounted on fence posts,” he says, “It’s recording us now.” The green box has microphones protruding from each side. They’re like little ears, capturing everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far Conservation Metrics has gathered 1,630 hours of recordings, which translates into 241 gigabytes of data. Down at its office in Santa Cruz, the company turns the recordings into images called spectrograms. Employee Jeff Schlueter writes algorithms so the computer can sift through hours and hours of audio in the spectrograms and isolate the red-legged frog calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_633578\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-633578\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Spectrogram-inspection-e1460423793529.jpg\" alt=\"Jeff Schlueter writes algorithms to sort through hours and hours of recordings.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeff Schlueter (at left) writes algorithms to sort through hours and hours of recordings. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Conservation Metrics the red-legged frog survey is a relatively small project, more of a pilot program to show its approach can be helpful with a variety of species. Up until now Conservation Metrics has worked mostly with song birds. This year, the company is running 42 projects in 15 countries, and it is handling about 50 terabytes of data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using algorithms, one person with a computer can sort through the data for each project and get a population count that would normally take a whole team of field biologists. Matthew McKown founded Conservation Metrics about three years ago after seeing the potential of big data in conservation when he was a graduate student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our whole point is to make conservation better,” McKown says, “so we’re trying to make it as cheap as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKown is capitalizing on the rapidly plummeting cost of gathering and crunching data. He says the conservation world has just recently entered the big data era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_637753\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-637753\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The top band on this spectrogram shows sound made my chorus frogs, the red-legged calls are hiding down at the bottom.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RLF01_RLF01_0_20160218_182000_000_startsec_2287_label_5.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The top band on this spectrogram shows sound made by chorus frogs, the red-legged calls are hiding down at the bottom. \u003ccite>(Conservation Metrics)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists are now collecting and analyzing audio, video, satellite imagery, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/supercomputers-map-out-super-endangered-species-in-3-d/\">GPS data from all kinds of animals\u003c/a> like the California condor and the dugong, a threatened relative of the manatee. McKown says surveillance and big data are going to start playing a bigger role in protecting endangered species and threatened habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re going to start having is cameras, acoustic sensors, and satellites trained on these important parts of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the marsh near Watsonville, Kittleson says he hopes better data will give us clues about how to save the California red-legged frog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are now waist-deep in swamp water, sweeping the pond with our headlamps, looking for the glare of frog eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then Kittleson finally spots one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The frog is sitting on a tiny log, floating by the water’s edge. Kittleson is not optimistic about the future of the species. It’s habitat, which once covered most of California, \u003ca href=\"https://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=D02D\">continues to shrink \u003c/a>and its population continues to decline. But Kittleson says getting good data on the number of frogs that remain is the only chance we have to start moving in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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