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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — Motorists are being convicted of driving under the influence of marijuana based on arbitrary state standards that have no connection to whether the driver was actually impaired, says a study by the nation's largest auto club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is only growing as more states contemplate legalizing the drug. At least three, and possibly as many as 11 states, will vote this fall on ballot measures to legalize marijuana for medicinal or recreational use, or both. Legislation to legalize the drug has also been introduced in a half-dozen states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, six states — Colorado, Montana, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Washington — have set specific limits in drivers' blood for THC, the chemical in marijuana that makes people high. Marijuana use is legal in those states for either recreational or medicinal purposes, with the exception of Ohio. The laws presume a driver whose THC level exceeds the threshold is impaired. But the study by \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaafoundation.org/impaired-driving-and-cannabis\" target=\"_blank\">AAA's safety foundation\u003c/a> says the limits have no scientific basis and can result in innocent drivers being convicted, and in guilty drivers being released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is understandably a strong desire by both lawmakers and the public to create legal limits for marijuana impairment in the same manner we do alcohol,\" said Marshall Doney, AAA's president and CEO. \"In the case of marijuana, this approach is flawed and not supported by scientific research.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another nine states, including some that have legalized marijuana for medical use, have zero-tolerance laws that make the presence of THC or its metabolites in a driver's blood illegal -- despite the fact the substances can linger in the bloodstream for weeks after any impairment has dissipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Never Drive, or Never Smoke Pot'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such standards make no sense, said Mark A. R. Kleiman, a New York University professor specializing in issues involving drugs and criminal policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A law against driving with THC in your bloodstream is not a law you can know you are obeying except by never smoking marijuana or never driving,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that determining whether someone is impaired by marijuana, as opposed to having merely used the drug, is far more complex than the simple and reliable tests that have been developed for alcohol impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The degree to which a driver is impaired by marijuana use depends a lot on the individual, the foundation said. Drivers with relatively high levels of THC in their systems might not be impaired, especially if they are regular users, while others with relatively low levels may be unsafe behind the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some drivers may be impaired when they are stopped by police, but by the time their blood is tested they have fallen below the legal threshold because active THC dissipates rapidly. The average time to collect blood from a suspected driver is often more than two hours because taking a blood sample typically requires a warrant and transport to a police station or hospital, the foundation said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, frequent marijuana users can exhibit persistent levels of the drug long after use, while THC levels can decline more rapidly among occasional users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Limit 'Picked Out of Thin Air'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado's 5-nanogram limit for THC in blood \"was picked out of thin air by politicians,\" said Robert Corry, a Denver criminal defense attorney. \"Innocent people are convicted of DUI because of this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melanie Brinegar, who uses marijuana every day to control back pain, was stopped by police two years ago for having an expired license plate. The officer smelled marijuana and Brinegar acknowledged she had used the drug earlier in the day. Her blood test showed a level of 19 nanograms, well over the state limit. She was arrested and charged with driving while impaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brinegar, 30, who lives in Denver, said she spent the next 13 months working 80 to 90 hours a week to pay for a lawyer to help her fight the charge and eventually was acquitted. People like herself will always test positive for THC, whether they are high or not, because of their frequent use, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took a good amount of my time and my life,\" she said. \"There is still that worry if I get pulled over (again).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show that using marijuana and driving roughly doubles the risk of a crash, Kleiman said. By comparison, talking on a hands-free cellphone while driving — legal in all states — quadruples crash risk, he said. A blood alcohol content of .12, which is about the median amount in drunken driving cases, increases crash risk by about 15 times, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving with \"a noisy child in the back of the car\" is about as dangerous as using marijuana and driving, Kleiman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exception is when a driver has both been using marijuana and drinking alcohol because the two substances together greatly heighten impairment, he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON — Motorists are being convicted of driving under the influence of marijuana based on arbitrary state standards that have no connection to whether the driver was actually impaired, says a study by the nation's largest auto club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is only growing as more states contemplate legalizing the drug. At least three, and possibly as many as 11 states, will vote this fall on ballot measures to legalize marijuana for medicinal or recreational use, or both. Legislation to legalize the drug has also been introduced in a half-dozen states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, six states — Colorado, Montana, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Washington — have set specific limits in drivers' blood for THC, the chemical in marijuana that makes people high. Marijuana use is legal in those states for either recreational or medicinal purposes, with the exception of Ohio. The laws presume a driver whose THC level exceeds the threshold is impaired. But the study by \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaafoundation.org/impaired-driving-and-cannabis\" target=\"_blank\">AAA's safety foundation\u003c/a> says the limits have no scientific basis and can result in innocent drivers being convicted, and in guilty drivers being released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is understandably a strong desire by both lawmakers and the public to create legal limits for marijuana impairment in the same manner we do alcohol,\" said Marshall Doney, AAA's president and CEO. \"In the case of marijuana, this approach is flawed and not supported by scientific research.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another nine states, including some that have legalized marijuana for medical use, have zero-tolerance laws that make the presence of THC or its metabolites in a driver's blood illegal -- despite the fact the substances can linger in the bloodstream for weeks after any impairment has dissipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Never Drive, or Never Smoke Pot'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such standards make no sense, said Mark A. R. Kleiman, a New York University professor specializing in issues involving drugs and criminal policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A law against driving with THC in your bloodstream is not a law you can know you are obeying except by never smoking marijuana or never driving,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that determining whether someone is impaired by marijuana, as opposed to having merely used the drug, is far more complex than the simple and reliable tests that have been developed for alcohol impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The degree to which a driver is impaired by marijuana use depends a lot on the individual, the foundation said. Drivers with relatively high levels of THC in their systems might not be impaired, especially if they are regular users, while others with relatively low levels may be unsafe behind the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some drivers may be impaired when they are stopped by police, but by the time their blood is tested they have fallen below the legal threshold because active THC dissipates rapidly. The average time to collect blood from a suspected driver is often more than two hours because taking a blood sample typically requires a warrant and transport to a police station or hospital, the foundation said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, frequent marijuana users can exhibit persistent levels of the drug long after use, while THC levels can decline more rapidly among occasional users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Limit 'Picked Out of Thin Air'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado's 5-nanogram limit for THC in blood \"was picked out of thin air by politicians,\" said Robert Corry, a Denver criminal defense attorney. \"Innocent people are convicted of DUI because of this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melanie Brinegar, who uses marijuana every day to control back pain, was stopped by police two years ago for having an expired license plate. The officer smelled marijuana and Brinegar acknowledged she had used the drug earlier in the day. Her blood test showed a level of 19 nanograms, well over the state limit. She was arrested and charged with driving while impaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brinegar, 30, who lives in Denver, said she spent the next 13 months working 80 to 90 hours a week to pay for a lawyer to help her fight the charge and eventually was acquitted. People like herself will always test positive for THC, whether they are high or not, because of their frequent use, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took a good amount of my time and my life,\" she said. \"There is still that worry if I get pulled over (again).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show that using marijuana and driving roughly doubles the risk of a crash, Kleiman said. By comparison, talking on a hands-free cellphone while driving — legal in all states — quadruples crash risk, he said. A blood alcohol content of .12, which is about the median amount in drunken driving cases, increases crash risk by about 15 times, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving with \"a noisy child in the back of the car\" is about as dangerous as using marijuana and driving, Kleiman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exception is when a driver has both been using marijuana and drinking alcohol because the two substances together greatly heighten impairment, he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California regulators said Monday they will re-examine a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/29/calls-to-overturn-san-onofre-settlement-intensify-amid-puc-revelations\" target=\"_blank\">settlement\u003c/a> that made consumers responsible for covering some $3.3 billion in costs for closing the San Onofre nuclear power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Utilities Commission said parties involved in the case can submit briefs commenting on whether the deal reached in 2014 should be amended or is \"still reasonable,\" legal and in the public interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision by a commissioner and a PUC administrative law judge also bars the parties from having private communications with PUC \"decision-makers\" and advisers to commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That follows \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/26/southern-california-utility-faces-big-fine-for-improper-talks-with-regulators\" target=\"_blank\">revelations\u003c/a> that an executive of Southern California Edison, the primary owner of the nuclear plant, held private discussions with then-PUC President Michael Peevey before the PUC adopted the agreement. Edison was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/26/southern-california-utility-faces-big-fine-for-improper-talks-with-regulators\" target=\"_blank\">fined $16.7 million\u003c/a> by the PUC last year for failing to report the back-channel talks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison said it was reviewing the new order but continues to believe that the settlement \"remains in the public interest,\" a company statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Onofre twin-reactor plant, located between Los Angeles and San Diego, was shut down in 2012 after a small radiation leak led to the discovery of extensive damage to hundreds of tubes inside the virtually new generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"x4yg5vlVF2EzdEyS0BwusHJFLDKxLAC2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant never produced electricity again. Edison closed San Onofre for good in 2013 amid a fight with environmentalists over whether the plant was too damaged to restart safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the PUC approved a settlement between Edison and The Utility Reform Network, a consumer group better known as TURN, that had ratepayers paying $3.3 billion in costs stemming from the plant decommissioning, with shareholders of Edison and minority owner San Diego Gas & Electric covering $1.4 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TURN staff attorney Matthew Freedman said the improper communications cast a pall over the settlement deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based TURN \"looks forward to the opportunity to fight for better results for consumers,\" Freedman \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2016/may/09/san-onofre-reopened/2/#article-copy\" target=\"_blank\">told the San Diego Union-Tribune\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proves that when a small group of people come together to fight to the end, justice can be done,\" Michael Aguirre, an attorney who sued to overturn the agreement, told the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will have to be done openly and on the record,\" he said. \"We can win a fair fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California regulators said Monday they will re-examine a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/29/calls-to-overturn-san-onofre-settlement-intensify-amid-puc-revelations\" target=\"_blank\">settlement\u003c/a> that made consumers responsible for covering some $3.3 billion in costs for closing the San Onofre nuclear power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Utilities Commission said parties involved in the case can submit briefs commenting on whether the deal reached in 2014 should be amended or is \"still reasonable,\" legal and in the public interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision by a commissioner and a PUC administrative law judge also bars the parties from having private communications with PUC \"decision-makers\" and advisers to commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That follows \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/26/southern-california-utility-faces-big-fine-for-improper-talks-with-regulators\" target=\"_blank\">revelations\u003c/a> that an executive of Southern California Edison, the primary owner of the nuclear plant, held private discussions with then-PUC President Michael Peevey before the PUC adopted the agreement. Edison was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/26/southern-california-utility-faces-big-fine-for-improper-talks-with-regulators\" target=\"_blank\">fined $16.7 million\u003c/a> by the PUC last year for failing to report the back-channel talks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison said it was reviewing the new order but continues to believe that the settlement \"remains in the public interest,\" a company statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Onofre twin-reactor plant, located between Los Angeles and San Diego, was shut down in 2012 after a small radiation leak led to the discovery of extensive damage to hundreds of tubes inside the virtually new generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant never produced electricity again. Edison closed San Onofre for good in 2013 amid a fight with environmentalists over whether the plant was too damaged to restart safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the PUC approved a settlement between Edison and The Utility Reform Network, a consumer group better known as TURN, that had ratepayers paying $3.3 billion in costs stemming from the plant decommissioning, with shareholders of Edison and minority owner San Diego Gas & Electric covering $1.4 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TURN staff attorney Matthew Freedman said the improper communications cast a pall over the settlement deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based TURN \"looks forward to the opportunity to fight for better results for consumers,\" Freedman \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2016/may/09/san-onofre-reopened/2/#article-copy\" target=\"_blank\">told the San Diego Union-Tribune\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proves that when a small group of people come together to fight to the end, justice can be done,\" Michael Aguirre, an attorney who sued to overturn the agreement, told the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will have to be done openly and on the record,\" he said. \"We can win a fair fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Measure AA Asks Bay Area Residents to Help Protect Against Sea Level Rise",
"headTitle": "Measure AA Asks Bay Area Residents to Help Protect Against Sea Level Rise | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\t \t \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/05/WEBMeasureAASommer160509.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea levels are expected to rise significantly by mid-century, threatening airports and major highways around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first-of-its-kind measure on the June ballot is designed to jump-start the Bay Area’s preparation for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA would create a new property tax in the nine Bay Area counties to restore tidal marshes and help secure flood protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s only a latte a month. That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.’\u003ccite>Jon Coupal, Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Asociation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to one study, $62 billion of property around San Francisco Bay is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been parts of 101 and other roads that have been underwater in the recent past,” says Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, “and that’s only a small taste of what’s to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax would be the same for low-income families who have a small home and for tech companies with a large campus located right on the shoreline, like Google and Facebook. And that’s causing some controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Measure AA Would Do\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasure AA would implement a $12-a-year parcel tax, raising about half a billion dollars over 20 years. The money would go toward building up the bay’s defense against sea level rise by restoring marshes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marshes are a great buffer because the plants in the wetlands slow down the wave action and reduce the flooding,” says David Lewis, executive director of the non-profit Save the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-lying plants in tidal marshes, such as those on the Richmond shoreline, act like sponges, Lewis says, absorbing surges from big waves and floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 80 percent of the bay’s marshes have been lost since the Gold Rush, many paved over for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were filled in to create dumps for the cities here in the East Bay and where the population put its garbage for decades,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 30,000 acres of restoration projects around the bay are in need of funding. Lewis says Measure AA could help implement about a third of them and draw down federal grants that are awarded only when local funds are being spent as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sites at Risk From Sea Level Rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scientists say the sea level could rise up to 55 inches by 2100; new estimates coming out soon could put that number higher.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqedscience.cartodb.com/viz/76c95b64-13b9-11e6-8913-0ecfd53eb7d3/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003csup>SOURCE: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Teodros Hailye/KQED Science)\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It’s Controversial\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSupporters must convince voters who live nowhere near the shoreline that restoration has benefits for them too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very tiny tax shared by a lot of people that generates a huge amount of benefit for San Francisco Bay for people and wildlife,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only a latte a month,” says Jon Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. “That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Coupal sees it, the problem with Measure AA is that everyone would pay the same no matter the size of their property or how much they would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it is a struggling farmworker family in a very modest bungalow in Gilroy or the Apple campus there in Silicon Valley,” he says. “So obviously there are equity issues with respect to this particular proposal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waterfront views have long been a draw for many companies around the Bay Area, like Facebook. Its Menlo Park campus is surrounded by water on two sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get the beautiful view of the bay,” says Facebook’s public policy manager Juan Salazar, standing on the nine-acre green roof on top of the company’s newest building. “On a good day, you can actually see Oakland from here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_677503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-677503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook's headquarters in Menlo Park sits right on the bay waterfront.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook’s headquarters in Menlo Park sit right on the bay waterfront. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scenic location is also becoming a liability for Facebook and half a dozen other tech giants on the shore. Scientists say sea level could rise more than a foot by mid-century and up to five feet by the end of the century, depending on how climate change plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar says Facebook is already planning for that. “The building that you’re sitting in right now, we were built above a floodplain,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salazar says there’s more to be done both to protect businesses and the roads and freeways in the area. Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group agrees the measure is focused on airports, roads, and neighborhoods. He says tech companies will take care of protecting themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the public infrastructure that we all share in and we all have a risk associated with if it’s flooded,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coupal isn’t against bay restoration, but would rather see it paid for through the state’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Measure AA Is a First\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf the measure passes, it’ll be a first. Coastal cities like New Orleans have turned to federal grants to protect themselves. But raising money directly from the public for climate change could be a model for other coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA will need two-thirds of all the votes cast in the nine counties around the bay to pass. Voters will decide June 7th.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\t \t \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sea levels are expected to rise significantly by mid-century, threatening airports and major highways around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first-of-its-kind measure on the June ballot is designed to jump-start the Bay Area’s preparation for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA would create a new property tax in the nine Bay Area counties to restore tidal marshes and help secure flood protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s only a latte a month. That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.’\u003ccite>Jon Coupal, Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Asociation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to one study, $62 billion of property around San Francisco Bay is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been parts of 101 and other roads that have been underwater in the recent past,” says Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, “and that’s only a small taste of what’s to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax would be the same for low-income families who have a small home and for tech companies with a large campus located right on the shoreline, like Google and Facebook. And that’s causing some controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Measure AA Would Do\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasure AA would implement a $12-a-year parcel tax, raising about half a billion dollars over 20 years. The money would go toward building up the bay’s defense against sea level rise by restoring marshes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marshes are a great buffer because the plants in the wetlands slow down the wave action and reduce the flooding,” says David Lewis, executive director of the non-profit Save the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-lying plants in tidal marshes, such as those on the Richmond shoreline, act like sponges, Lewis says, absorbing surges from big waves and floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 80 percent of the bay’s marshes have been lost since the Gold Rush, many paved over for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were filled in to create dumps for the cities here in the East Bay and where the population put its garbage for decades,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 30,000 acres of restoration projects around the bay are in need of funding. Lewis says Measure AA could help implement about a third of them and draw down federal grants that are awarded only when local funds are being spent as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sites at Risk From Sea Level Rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scientists say the sea level could rise up to 55 inches by 2100; new estimates coming out soon could put that number higher.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqedscience.cartodb.com/viz/76c95b64-13b9-11e6-8913-0ecfd53eb7d3/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003csup>SOURCE: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Teodros Hailye/KQED Science)\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It’s Controversial\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSupporters must convince voters who live nowhere near the shoreline that restoration has benefits for them too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very tiny tax shared by a lot of people that generates a huge amount of benefit for San Francisco Bay for people and wildlife,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only a latte a month,” says Jon Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. “That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Coupal sees it, the problem with Measure AA is that everyone would pay the same no matter the size of their property or how much they would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it is a struggling farmworker family in a very modest bungalow in Gilroy or the Apple campus there in Silicon Valley,” he says. “So obviously there are equity issues with respect to this particular proposal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waterfront views have long been a draw for many companies around the Bay Area, like Facebook. Its Menlo Park campus is surrounded by water on two sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get the beautiful view of the bay,” says Facebook’s public policy manager Juan Salazar, standing on the nine-acre green roof on top of the company’s newest building. “On a good day, you can actually see Oakland from here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_677503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-677503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook's headquarters in Menlo Park sits right on the bay waterfront.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook’s headquarters in Menlo Park sit right on the bay waterfront. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scenic location is also becoming a liability for Facebook and half a dozen other tech giants on the shore. Scientists say sea level could rise more than a foot by mid-century and up to five feet by the end of the century, depending on how climate change plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar says Facebook is already planning for that. “The building that you’re sitting in right now, we were built above a floodplain,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salazar says there’s more to be done both to protect businesses and the roads and freeways in the area. Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group agrees the measure is focused on airports, roads, and neighborhoods. He says tech companies will take care of protecting themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the public infrastructure that we all share in and we all have a risk associated with if it’s flooded,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coupal isn’t against bay restoration, but would rather see it paid for through the state’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Measure AA Is a First\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf the measure passes, it’ll be a first. Coastal cities like New Orleans have turned to federal grants to protect themselves. But raising money directly from the public for climate change could be a model for other coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA will need two-thirds of all the votes cast in the nine counties around the bay to pass. Voters will decide June 7th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack is a classic example of what scientists call “high inter-annual variability.” Translation: whatever’s happening this year, don’t count on it next year — or ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the whipsaw nature of things, it could reasonably be considered a dicey proposition that California depends on the snowpack for about a third of its water supply. With the climate changing, it’s becoming even dicier. Scientists expect the snowpack to dwindle in coming decades, but within that general decline, higher highs and lower lows are likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can’t get much lower than the winter of 2014-15, the nadir of California’s current drought. On May 1, 2015, water content of the Sierra snowpack stood at 1 percent of the long-term average — virtually nil. Using tree ring evidence, scientists estimated that to be the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/california-snowpack-lowest-in-past-500-years-1.18345\">skimpiest snowpack in 500 years\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">This spring’s snowpack\u003c/a>, while considerably more robust, was still below average. The official stance is that California remains in drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the interactive tools below to trace the highs and lows of the snowpack over time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://vis.ecowest.org/interactive/snow.php#s=CA&h=1\" width=\"1500\" height=\"550\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"min-width: 100%; width: 100px; height: 100vh; border: 0;\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visualization by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mcgeoff\">Geoff McGhee\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/davidkroodsma\">David Kroodsma\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/enoex\">Erik Hazzard\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mitchtobin\">Mitch Tobin\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://ecowest.org/\">EcoWest\u003c/a>, a collaboration of The \u003ca href=\"http://west.stanford.edu/\">Bill Lane Center\u003c/a> for the American West at Stanford University and \u003ca href=\"http://seatosnow.com/\">Sea to Snow\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack is a classic example of what scientists call “high inter-annual variability.” Translation: whatever’s happening this year, don’t count on it next year — or ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the whipsaw nature of things, it could reasonably be considered a dicey proposition that California depends on the snowpack for about a third of its water supply. With the climate changing, it’s becoming even dicier. Scientists expect the snowpack to dwindle in coming decades, but within that general decline, higher highs and lower lows are likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can’t get much lower than the winter of 2014-15, the nadir of California’s current drought. On May 1, 2015, water content of the Sierra snowpack stood at 1 percent of the long-term average — virtually nil. Using tree ring evidence, scientists estimated that to be the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/california-snowpack-lowest-in-past-500-years-1.18345\">skimpiest snowpack in 500 years\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">This spring’s snowpack\u003c/a>, while considerably more robust, was still below average. The official stance is that California remains in drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the interactive tools below to trace the highs and lows of the snowpack over time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://vis.ecowest.org/interactive/snow.php#s=CA&h=1\" width=\"1500\" height=\"550\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"min-width: 100%; width: 100px; height: 100vh; border: 0;\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visualization by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mcgeoff\">Geoff McGhee\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/davidkroodsma\">David Kroodsma\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/enoex\">Erik Hazzard\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mitchtobin\">Mitch Tobin\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://ecowest.org/\">EcoWest\u003c/a>, a collaboration of The \u003ca href=\"http://west.stanford.edu/\">Bill Lane Center\u003c/a> for the American West at Stanford University and \u003ca href=\"http://seatosnow.com/\">Sea to Snow\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new effort to regulate groundwater extraction in California is running into stiff opposition from water users and local government officials, who say one new law is enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A bill proposed by Sen. Lois Wolk (D-Davis) aims to plug some of the loopholes left gaping by the \u003ca title=\"Link: http://groundwater.ca.gov/\" href=\"http://groundwater.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, passed by the state legislature in 2014. The act allows as much as 25 years for “critically” overdrafted groundwater basins to achieve sustainability, and even longer for basins in less dire condition, known as “medium-priority” and “high-priority” basins.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">[contextly_sidebar id=”Q2L2wnmzHNjy9HPEe25JYXiYb6k6IUxh”]In the interim, there are no restrictions on drilling new wells in those basins. That’s a lot of time to continue depleting a limited resource.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wolk’s bill, \u003ca href=\"http://www.legislature.ca.gov/cgi-bin/port-postquery?bill_number=sb_1317&sess=CUR&house=B&author=wolk_%3Cwolk%3E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">S.B. 1317\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, would require cities and counties to establish a process by July 1, 2017, to issue conditional use permits for new wells in medium and high priority basins. New wells would not be allowed if it is determined that they would make undesirable groundwater conditions even worse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The bill would prevent new wells that tap groundwater basins already known to be “critically” overdrafted.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“When you’re digging yourself into a hole, the first solution is to stop digging,” Wolk said. “Counties have the responsibility and the authority to regulate well drilling. What we’ve discovered is that most counties just don’t do it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In April, the bill was approved by two committees in the state Senate, but not without lots of objection from water users, the well-drilling industry and local government groups.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“At this point, we’re in an opposition position,” said Mary-Ann Warmerdam, legislative advocate at Rural County Representatives of California. “We are in conversations with Sen. Wolk’s office and are trying to be productive in vetting out other options. But to this point, no gentle resolution has come forward.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Opponents include some heavy hitters in California politics, including the League of California Cities, the California State Association of Counties, the Association of California Water Agencies, the California Chamber of Commerce, the California Farm Bureau Federation and the California Association of Winegrape Growers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Warmerdam said one concern is that local governments are already working hard to comply with the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. This is a tall order in itself, because many rural counties don’t have resource management experts on their staff. Or if they do, those employees are already spread thin. Wolk’s bill, she said, adds a second groundwater law to comply with on top of that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s viewed as a bit of a crossroads,” she said. “We can do one or the other, but we don’t have the capital, if you will, to do both.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Jay Ziegler, \u003c/span>California policy director of the Nature Conservancy, however, said those kinds of choices shouldn’t matter when the state’s groundwater is dwindling so fast. Protecting and then restoring what remains should be an economic and social priority, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We need to figure out how to actually take demand off of groundwater, not increase it, and that’s all were talking about,” said Ziegler. “If we don’t do something to kind of avert the race to the bottom, we’re going to be in a position where it’s going to be more difficult for everybody.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Other supporters of the bill include the Planning and Conservation League, the Union of Concerned Scientists, Natural Resources Defense Council, Food and Water Watch, Community Water Center and the League of Conservation Voters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Ziegler noted one goal of Wolk’s bill is simply \u003c/span>to prevent more damage to aquifers during the interim period of years before the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act takes full effect. That’s why the bill requires early action on medium- and high-priority basins, and not just those considered critical, which is the focus of the existing law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a matter of focusing attention on those groundwater basins that can still be helped, he said, and not just those that are already in trouble.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Left to our own devices, we are on a path to just exploit as much as we can,” Ziegler said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Much opposition to the bill has focused on the fact that it would require counties to issue a conditional use permit before a new well can be drilled. This triggers the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), an important analytical tool but one that \u003c/span>can also be expensive and time-consuming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Warmerdam said it could also trigger some liability. Counties, she said, are concerned they could be subject to lawsuits under CEQA that challenge their decisions about well permitting.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, said Wolk, she is considering amendments to the bill that would allow local governments to design their own well permitting process, as long as it meets the goal of preventing further depletion of critically overdrafted aquifers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Somebody has to ask the question at the (permit) counter or the Board of Supervisors, ‘Is there sufficient water to allow for the new well to be dug?’” Wolk said. “It’s been the Wild West since the beginning of the state, and we’re no longer in that position.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wolk said she is not surprised by the opposition to the bill, and is hopeful a compromise can be reached. The bill next faces a hearing in the Senate Appropriations Committee.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“As a practical matter, our member counties are sympathetic with Sen. Wolk’s concern over additional extractions in these overdrafted basins,” Warmerdam said. “Anyone who’s been watching California water for any length of time has got to share that concern. So there’s no dispute there.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A state law proposed by Senator Lois Wolk would require local governments to create a permit process for the digging of new wells. Those affected aren't taking this lightly.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new effort to regulate groundwater extraction in California is running into stiff opposition from water users and local government officials, who say one new law is enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A bill proposed by Sen. Lois Wolk (D-Davis) aims to plug some of the loopholes left gaping by the \u003ca title=\"Link: http://groundwater.ca.gov/\" href=\"http://groundwater.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, passed by the state legislature in 2014. The act allows as much as 25 years for “critically” overdrafted groundwater basins to achieve sustainability, and even longer for basins in less dire condition, known as “medium-priority” and “high-priority” basins.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In the interim, there are no restrictions on drilling new wells in those basins. That’s a lot of time to continue depleting a limited resource.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wolk’s bill, \u003ca href=\"http://www.legislature.ca.gov/cgi-bin/port-postquery?bill_number=sb_1317&sess=CUR&house=B&author=wolk_%3Cwolk%3E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">S.B. 1317\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, would require cities and counties to establish a process by July 1, 2017, to issue conditional use permits for new wells in medium and high priority basins. New wells would not be allowed if it is determined that they would make undesirable groundwater conditions even worse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The bill would prevent new wells that tap groundwater basins already known to be “critically” overdrafted.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“When you’re digging yourself into a hole, the first solution is to stop digging,” Wolk said. “Counties have the responsibility and the authority to regulate well drilling. What we’ve discovered is that most counties just don’t do it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In April, the bill was approved by two committees in the state Senate, but not without lots of objection from water users, the well-drilling industry and local government groups.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“At this point, we’re in an opposition position,” said Mary-Ann Warmerdam, legislative advocate at Rural County Representatives of California. “We are in conversations with Sen. Wolk’s office and are trying to be productive in vetting out other options. But to this point, no gentle resolution has come forward.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Opponents include some heavy hitters in California politics, including the League of California Cities, the California State Association of Counties, the Association of California Water Agencies, the California Chamber of Commerce, the California Farm Bureau Federation and the California Association of Winegrape Growers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Warmerdam said one concern is that local governments are already working hard to comply with the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. This is a tall order in itself, because many rural counties don’t have resource management experts on their staff. Or if they do, those employees are already spread thin. Wolk’s bill, she said, adds a second groundwater law to comply with on top of that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s viewed as a bit of a crossroads,” she said. “We can do one or the other, but we don’t have the capital, if you will, to do both.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Jay Ziegler, \u003c/span>California policy director of the Nature Conservancy, however, said those kinds of choices shouldn’t matter when the state’s groundwater is dwindling so fast. Protecting and then restoring what remains should be an economic and social priority, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We need to figure out how to actually take demand off of groundwater, not increase it, and that’s all were talking about,” said Ziegler. “If we don’t do something to kind of avert the race to the bottom, we’re going to be in a position where it’s going to be more difficult for everybody.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Other supporters of the bill include the Planning and Conservation League, the Union of Concerned Scientists, Natural Resources Defense Council, Food and Water Watch, Community Water Center and the League of Conservation Voters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Ziegler noted one goal of Wolk’s bill is simply \u003c/span>to prevent more damage to aquifers during the interim period of years before the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act takes full effect. That’s why the bill requires early action on medium- and high-priority basins, and not just those considered critical, which is the focus of the existing law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a matter of focusing attention on those groundwater basins that can still be helped, he said, and not just those that are already in trouble.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Left to our own devices, we are on a path to just exploit as much as we can,” Ziegler said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Much opposition to the bill has focused on the fact that it would require counties to issue a conditional use permit before a new well can be drilled. This triggers the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), an important analytical tool but one that \u003c/span>can also be expensive and time-consuming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Warmerdam said it could also trigger some liability. Counties, she said, are concerned they could be subject to lawsuits under CEQA that challenge their decisions about well permitting.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, said Wolk, she is considering amendments to the bill that would allow local governments to design their own well permitting process, as long as it meets the goal of preventing further depletion of critically overdrafted aquifers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Somebody has to ask the question at the (permit) counter or the Board of Supervisors, ‘Is there sufficient water to allow for the new well to be dug?’” Wolk said. “It’s been the Wild West since the beginning of the state, and we’re no longer in that position.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wolk said she is not surprised by the opposition to the bill, and is hopeful a compromise can be reached. The bill next faces a hearing in the Senate Appropriations Committee.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“As a practical matter, our member counties are sympathetic with Sen. Wolk’s concern over additional extractions in these overdrafted basins,” Warmerdam said. “Anyone who’s been watching California water for any length of time has got to share that concern. So there’s no dispute there.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Geologists Find Clues In Crater Left by Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid",
"headTitle": "Geologists Find Clues In Crater Left by Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have had a literal breakthrough off the coast of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of drilling from an offshore platform in the Gulf of Mexico, they have reached rocks left over from the day the Earth \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/08/473386620/scientists-set-to-drill-into-extinction-event-crater-in-mexico\">was hit by a killer asteroid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cataclysm is believed to have wiped out the dinosaurs. “This was probably the most important event in the last 100 million years,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/j.v.morgan\">Joanna Morgan\u003c/a>, a geophysicist at Imperial College in London and a leader of the expedition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_680898\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-680898\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Liftboat-myrtle_NPR.jpeg\" alt=\"Liftboat Myrtle is a drilling platform normally used for oil operations. Since April, geologists have been using it in the Gulf of Mexico to drill into the crater Chicxulub. \" width=\"700\" height=\"933\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Liftboat-myrtle_NPR.jpeg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Liftboat-myrtle_NPR-400x533.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liftboat Myrtle is a drilling platform normally used for oil operations. Since April, geologists have been using it in the Gulf of Mexico to drill into the crater Chicxulub. \u003ccite>(DSmith/ECORD/IODP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the 1980s, researchers have known about the impact site, located near the present-day Yucatan Peninsula. Known as Chicxulub, the crater is approximately 125 miles across. It was created when an asteroid the size of Staten Island, N.Y., struck Earth around 66 million years ago. The initial explosion from the impact would have made a nuclear bomb look like a firecracker. The searing heat started wildfires many hundreds of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, came an unscheduled winter. Sulfur, ash and debris clouded the sky. Darkness fell and, for a while, Earth was not itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it was a bad few months, really,” Morgan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s an understatement: Scientists believe 75 percent of life went extinct during this dark chapter in Earth’s history, including the dinosaurs\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have sampled Chicxulub before, but this expedition by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecord.org/\">European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling\u003c/a> precisely targets a key part of the crater yet to be studied: a ring of mountains left by the asteroid. This “peak ring” is a fundamental feature of the strike and should tell researchers much more about it, says \u003ca href=\"http://ig.utexas.edu/staff/sean-p-s-gulick/\">Sean Gulick\u003c/a>, a geophysicist at the University of Texas at Austin, who co-leads the team with Morgan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, they’ve been drilling — and going back in time. Each layer of rock they pass through is connected to a part of Earth’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_680902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-680902\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience.jpeg\" alt=\"Scientists on Myrtle have been drilling around-the-clock. This week, they finally reached a buried ring of mountains created by the asteroid.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience-400x267.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience-960x640.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists on Myrtle have been drilling around-the-clock. This week, they finally reached a buried ring of mountains created by the asteroid. \u003ccite>(ELeBer/ECORD/IODP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We went through a remarkable amount of the post-impact world. All the way into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/eocene.php\">Eocene times\u003c/a> — so between 50 and 55 million years ago,” Gulick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocks they’ve pulled out show how life began to recover after the cataclysm, Gulick says. “We’ve got all these limestones and rocks that contain the fossils from the world after the impact, all the things that evolved from the few organisms that survived.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team finally reached the top of the peak ring this week. It appears to be a thick layer of broken, melted rock just beneath a layer of sandstone that may be the leavings of a huge tsunami that was triggered when the asteroid struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gulick thinks the rocks hold clues. For example, if any microscopic organisms survived near the site of the strike, their fossils might be in these samples. In June, the rock cores will be sent back to a lab in Germany for further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid strike marked the end of an era. But the creatures that made it through that catastrophe went on to shape the world again, says Morgan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mammals survived,” she says. “And that led on to our own evolution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Geologists+Find+Clues+In+Crater+Left+By+Dinosaur-Killing+Asteroid&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have had a literal breakthrough off the coast of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of drilling from an offshore platform in the Gulf of Mexico, they have reached rocks left over from the day the Earth \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/08/473386620/scientists-set-to-drill-into-extinction-event-crater-in-mexico\">was hit by a killer asteroid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cataclysm is believed to have wiped out the dinosaurs. “This was probably the most important event in the last 100 million years,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/j.v.morgan\">Joanna Morgan\u003c/a>, a geophysicist at Imperial College in London and a leader of the expedition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_680898\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-680898\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Liftboat-myrtle_NPR.jpeg\" alt=\"Liftboat Myrtle is a drilling platform normally used for oil operations. Since April, geologists have been using it in the Gulf of Mexico to drill into the crater Chicxulub. \" width=\"700\" height=\"933\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Liftboat-myrtle_NPR.jpeg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Liftboat-myrtle_NPR-400x533.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liftboat Myrtle is a drilling platform normally used for oil operations. Since April, geologists have been using it in the Gulf of Mexico to drill into the crater Chicxulub. \u003ccite>(DSmith/ECORD/IODP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the 1980s, researchers have known about the impact site, located near the present-day Yucatan Peninsula. Known as Chicxulub, the crater is approximately 125 miles across. It was created when an asteroid the size of Staten Island, N.Y., struck Earth around 66 million years ago. The initial explosion from the impact would have made a nuclear bomb look like a firecracker. The searing heat started wildfires many hundreds of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, came an unscheduled winter. Sulfur, ash and debris clouded the sky. Darkness fell and, for a while, Earth was not itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it was a bad few months, really,” Morgan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s an understatement: Scientists believe 75 percent of life went extinct during this dark chapter in Earth’s history, including the dinosaurs\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have sampled Chicxulub before, but this expedition by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecord.org/\">European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling\u003c/a> precisely targets a key part of the crater yet to be studied: a ring of mountains left by the asteroid. This “peak ring” is a fundamental feature of the strike and should tell researchers much more about it, says \u003ca href=\"http://ig.utexas.edu/staff/sean-p-s-gulick/\">Sean Gulick\u003c/a>, a geophysicist at the University of Texas at Austin, who co-leads the team with Morgan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, they’ve been drilling — and going back in time. Each layer of rock they pass through is connected to a part of Earth’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_680902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-680902\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience.jpeg\" alt=\"Scientists on Myrtle have been drilling around-the-clock. This week, they finally reached a buried ring of mountains created by the asteroid.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience-400x267.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/NPRscience-960x640.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists on Myrtle have been drilling around-the-clock. This week, they finally reached a buried ring of mountains created by the asteroid. \u003ccite>(ELeBer/ECORD/IODP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We went through a remarkable amount of the post-impact world. All the way into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/eocene.php\">Eocene times\u003c/a> — so between 50 and 55 million years ago,” Gulick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocks they’ve pulled out show how life began to recover after the cataclysm, Gulick says. “We’ve got all these limestones and rocks that contain the fossils from the world after the impact, all the things that evolved from the few organisms that survived.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team finally reached the top of the peak ring this week. It appears to be a thick layer of broken, melted rock just beneath a layer of sandstone that may be the leavings of a huge tsunami that was triggered when the asteroid struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gulick thinks the rocks hold clues. For example, if any microscopic organisms survived near the site of the strike, their fossils might be in these samples. In June, the rock cores will be sent back to a lab in Germany for further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid strike marked the end of an era. But the creatures that made it through that catastrophe went on to shape the world again, says Morgan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mammals survived,” she says. “And that led on to our own evolution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Geologists+Find+Clues+In+Crater+Left+By+Dinosaur-Killing+Asteroid&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Solar Impulse 2 landed in the Phoenix area Monday night, welcomed by spectators at Goodyear Airport as the plane’s pilots continue their quest to be the world’s first solar powered airplane to fly around the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 745-mile trip took nearly 16 hours — less time than expected, largely due to powerful tailwinds. The plane reached a maximum altitude of 22,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://kjzz.org/\">member station KJZZ \u003c/a>in Phoenix, Andrew Bernier tells our Newscast unit:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The average speed of Solar Impulse 2 is 45 mph. But the tailwinds were too strong for some portions of the flight — so to slow down, the pilot had to sometimes turn the plane around and fly into the headwinds, essentially flying backward toward Phoenix. Other than that, the pilot said it was a great and sunny flight over the desert.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Swiss pilot Andre Borschberg was at the controls for the plane’s 10th stage of a round-the-world flight. Borschberg alternates flying duties with project founder Bertrand Piccard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fuel-free flight project started in March 2015, but it was put on hold in July after the plane’s batteries developed problems during a five-day flight from Japan to Hawaii. It resumed its journey last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/24/475473222/experimental-solar-powered-plane-completes-journey-across-the-pacific\">completing a three-day trip\u003c/a> from Hawaii to Mountain View, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Solar Impulse 2 uses energy gathered from 17,000 solar cells on its surface to power itself. The craft weighs roughly 5,000 pounds and has a wingspan of 236 feet — wider than a Boeing 747.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Two-Way reported \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/21/475113210/experimental-solar-powered-plane-takes-flight-after-9-month-delay\">when the plane left Hawaii\u003c/a>, the team hopes to end the journey \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarimpulse.com/adventure\">where it began\u003c/a> last spring, in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Solar+Airplane+Lands+In+Phoenix+After+Flight+From+Silicon+Valley&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Solar Impulse 2 landed in the Phoenix area Monday night, welcomed by spectators at Goodyear Airport as the plane’s pilots continue their quest to be the world’s first solar powered airplane to fly around the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 745-mile trip took nearly 16 hours — less time than expected, largely due to powerful tailwinds. The plane reached a maximum altitude of 22,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://kjzz.org/\">member station KJZZ \u003c/a>in Phoenix, Andrew Bernier tells our Newscast unit:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The average speed of Solar Impulse 2 is 45 mph. But the tailwinds were too strong for some portions of the flight — so to slow down, the pilot had to sometimes turn the plane around and fly into the headwinds, essentially flying backward toward Phoenix. Other than that, the pilot said it was a great and sunny flight over the desert.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Swiss pilot Andre Borschberg was at the controls for the plane’s 10th stage of a round-the-world flight. Borschberg alternates flying duties with project founder Bertrand Piccard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fuel-free flight project started in March 2015, but it was put on hold in July after the plane’s batteries developed problems during a five-day flight from Japan to Hawaii. It resumed its journey last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/24/475473222/experimental-solar-powered-plane-completes-journey-across-the-pacific\">completing a three-day trip\u003c/a> from Hawaii to Mountain View, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Solar Impulse 2 uses energy gathered from 17,000 solar cells on its surface to power itself. The craft weighs roughly 5,000 pounds and has a wingspan of 236 feet — wider than a Boeing 747.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Two-Way reported \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/21/475113210/experimental-solar-powered-plane-takes-flight-after-9-month-delay\">when the plane left Hawaii\u003c/a>, the team hopes to end the journey \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarimpulse.com/adventure\">where it began\u003c/a> last spring, in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Solar+Airplane+Lands+In+Phoenix+After+Flight+From+Silicon+Valley&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "3-strange-worlds-circling-a-cool-star-might-be-prime-spots-to-support-life",
"title": "3 Strange Worlds Circling a Cool Star Might Be Prime Spots for Life",
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"content": "\u003cp>A trio of newly discovered Earth-sized planets looks ideally suited to search for signs that these alien worlds might be able to support life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planets orbit close to an unusually small reddish star that’s about one-eighth the size of our sun and is far cooler, researchers report \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature17448\">in the journal Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three planets have one side that’s always facing the star, and one side that’s always facing away. That means one side is frigid and one side is scorching hot — but the regions in between might be downright cozy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closest planet to the star orbits in about 1½ Earth days. From the planet’s surface, the star would look like a reddish ball fixed to one spot in the sky. Scientists don’t yet know the mass of the planets or what they’re made of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bizarre little solar system is just 40 light-years away — practically in our backyard. Astronomers have discovered \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanets.org/\">more than a thousand planets\u003c/a> outside our solar system, but it’s still rare to find ones that look promising in terms of habitability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These planets are Earth-sized, they are temperate — we can’t rule out the fact that they are habitable — and they are well-suited for atmospheric studies,” says \u003ca href=\"https://paocweb.mit.edu/people/julien-de-wit\">Julien de Wit\u003c/a>, a researcher at MIT. “This is what we know at this stage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, he says, some theorists argued that ultracool dwarf stars wouldn’t have planets at all. But a group led by Michael Gillon and Emmanuel Jehin of the University of Liege in Belgium took a risk and built a prototype telescope \u003ca href=\"http://www.ati.ulg.ac.be/TRAPPIST/Trappist_main/Team.html\">called TRAPPIST\u003c/a> to look at 60 nearby ultracool stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we actually know that these stars can produce such planets,” de Wit says. “Planets around such stars are really great targets for advanced study, like atmospheric characterization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have used telescopes to try to study starlight that passes through the atmospheres of other planets outside our solar system, he says, “but these planets were not Earth-sized, these planets were not temperate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, the fact that this is a small, cool star makes it easier to study the starlight that filters through the planets’ atmospheres, de Wit says. He notes they’re getting ready to do just that with the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree that these particular planets are compelling. “They’re all pretty darn interesting,” says \u003ca href=\"http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Marc.Kuchner/home.html\">Marc Kuchner\u003c/a> of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. He thinks each looks like “another compelling example of a planet that we really ought to spend some quality time getting to know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the planets remind him of \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanets.org/detail/GJ%201214\">GJ 1214 b\u003c/a>, a world about twice the size of Earth that scientists have been eager to probe. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/01/02/259222620/on-planet-gj1214-b-expect-exotic-cloud-cover\">One recent study\u003c/a> found that its atmosphere is dominated by some kind of exotic cloud cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clouds may be sort of romantic, but it’s so hard to tell what they’re made of!” says Kuchner, who notes that three planets around their cool star look like the next logical ones for study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the star with the lowest temperature that seems to have planets around it,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope to study planets beyond our solar system with the help of the soon-to-be-launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a>, which can look for things such as water, ozone and carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the goal is to find not just the ingredients for life, but some indication that alien life is actually living there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=3+Strange+Worlds+Circling+A+Cool+Star+Might+Be+Prime+Spots+To+Support+Life&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A trio of newly discovered Earth-sized planets looks ideally suited to search for signs that these alien worlds might be able to support life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planets orbit close to an unusually small reddish star that’s about one-eighth the size of our sun and is far cooler, researchers report \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature17448\">in the journal Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three planets have one side that’s always facing the star, and one side that’s always facing away. That means one side is frigid and one side is scorching hot — but the regions in between might be downright cozy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closest planet to the star orbits in about 1½ Earth days. From the planet’s surface, the star would look like a reddish ball fixed to one spot in the sky. Scientists don’t yet know the mass of the planets or what they’re made of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bizarre little solar system is just 40 light-years away — practically in our backyard. Astronomers have discovered \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanets.org/\">more than a thousand planets\u003c/a> outside our solar system, but it’s still rare to find ones that look promising in terms of habitability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These planets are Earth-sized, they are temperate — we can’t rule out the fact that they are habitable — and they are well-suited for atmospheric studies,” says \u003ca href=\"https://paocweb.mit.edu/people/julien-de-wit\">Julien de Wit\u003c/a>, a researcher at MIT. “This is what we know at this stage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, he says, some theorists argued that ultracool dwarf stars wouldn’t have planets at all. But a group led by Michael Gillon and Emmanuel Jehin of the University of Liege in Belgium took a risk and built a prototype telescope \u003ca href=\"http://www.ati.ulg.ac.be/TRAPPIST/Trappist_main/Team.html\">called TRAPPIST\u003c/a> to look at 60 nearby ultracool stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we actually know that these stars can produce such planets,” de Wit says. “Planets around such stars are really great targets for advanced study, like atmospheric characterization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have used telescopes to try to study starlight that passes through the atmospheres of other planets outside our solar system, he says, “but these planets were not Earth-sized, these planets were not temperate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, the fact that this is a small, cool star makes it easier to study the starlight that filters through the planets’ atmospheres, de Wit says. He notes they’re getting ready to do just that with the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree that these particular planets are compelling. “They’re all pretty darn interesting,” says \u003ca href=\"http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Marc.Kuchner/home.html\">Marc Kuchner\u003c/a> of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. He thinks each looks like “another compelling example of a planet that we really ought to spend some quality time getting to know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the planets remind him of \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanets.org/detail/GJ%201214\">GJ 1214 b\u003c/a>, a world about twice the size of Earth that scientists have been eager to probe. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/01/02/259222620/on-planet-gj1214-b-expect-exotic-cloud-cover\">One recent study\u003c/a> found that its atmosphere is dominated by some kind of exotic cloud cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clouds may be sort of romantic, but it’s so hard to tell what they’re made of!” says Kuchner, who notes that three planets around their cool star look like the next logical ones for study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the star with the lowest temperature that seems to have planets around it,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope to study planets beyond our solar system with the help of the soon-to-be-launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a>, which can look for things such as water, ozone and carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the goal is to find not just the ingredients for life, but some indication that alien life is actually living there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=3+Strange+Worlds+Circling+A+Cool+Star+Might+Be+Prime+Spots+To+Support+Life&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Buildings Must Improve Their Energy Use; Here's What That Means for You",
"headTitle": "Buildings Must Improve Their Energy Use; Here’s What That Means for You | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Rows of newly minted model homes unspool across a verdant, rolling landscape in El Dorado Hills, a sprawling master-planned community near Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels glint across 1,000 acres of rooftops. On a tidy cul-de-sac, a faux-grass lawn flanks the driveway to the home of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s important that sustainability not be defined just in terms of environmental sustainability, but equality and income sustainability .’\u003ccite>Tyson Slocum, Public Citizen energy program director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The two-story residence brims with state-of-the-art energy-saving technology: highly efficient heating and cooling systems, dense wall insulation, triple-paned windows, smog-gobbling roof tiles and “smart” appliances that spring into action when power demand is lowest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power-sipping homes like this will be critical to the state’s recalibrated energy policies. Those policies now include a law that requires California’s built environment—tens of millions of structures—to operate twice as efficiently by the year 2030, slashing consumption of electricity and natural gas to half their projected levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate, intended to reduce the state’s need for carbon-spewing power plants, is part of California’s mission to address climate change by cutting greenhouse-gas emissions. Residential and commercial buildings account for about 20 percent of those pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-672472 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963.jpg\" alt=\"energy_home_001\" width=\"1930\" height=\"1947\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963.jpg 1930w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-400x404.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-800x807.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-768x775.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-1440x1453.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-1920x1937.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-1180x1190.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-960x968.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1930px) 100vw, 1930px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how the state’s ambitious goal will be achieved is unclear, and agreement on the price tag is elusive. What is certain is that making homes and other buildings use energy more efficiently will cost money up front, in a state that has some of the country’s most expensive real estate and is struggling to create more affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California home prices are more than twice the national average, according to the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials and some builders insist that consumers and businesses will save money in the long run as utility bills shrink and the resale value of houses and commercial structures increases.\u003cbr>\nOthers view the goal as something more akin to the well-appointed homes in El Dorado Hills: a lovely thing to aspire to, difficult to reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, however, wide agreement on the enormity of the task, which builds on policies requiring more reliance on renewable-energy sources such as sun and wind and fostering mass transit to get cars off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a long-term project,” said Andrew McAllister, a member of the California Energy Commission. “Everyone has to play a part. There’s no one big solution, no silver bullet. There is a lot of silver buckshot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, created last year by Gov. Jerry Brown and the legislature, offers no blueprint for implementing a policy that could touch millions of homes and nearly every school, church, office building and shopping center in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No action is required for existing homes or commercial buildings unless they undergo significant renovations. And the law stipulates that its implementation not be financially onerous for Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But important questions of exactly how much the policy will ultimately cost and who will pay are unresolved, despite related legislation passed to help with the expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_672475\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-672475\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE.png\" alt=\"A new building code will cover many existing structures.\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-400x400.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new building code will cover many existing structures. \u003ccite>(Val B. Mina for CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are other fundamental questions as well, such as exactly how to measure efficiency, where to start — Brown has suggested beginning with state-owned structures — and how energy upgrades will affect the state’s scarce low-income housing supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task of figuring things out lies largely with the Energy Commission and the Public Utilities Commission. The agencies say they hope to know by the middle of next year how to update a tangle of existing building codes and other regulations, modernize the state’s electricity grid to incorporate more renewable energy and craft an educational campaign to inform consumers of what’s coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Resources Board, which regulates air quality in California, will help, as will the major utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The details are not fleshed out. But to reach our climate targets, investing in energy efficiency is important,” said Sen. Fran Pavley (D-Agoura Hills), author of a landmark California law, signed in 2006 by then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, that launched a comprehensive effort to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be costly,” Pavley said. “…To me, the challenge is how to implement the upfront capital cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Brown signed the energy-efficiency bill into law last year, he described the changing climate as a “catastrophe” and called on Californians to do their part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, California has been on an energy diet for decades. Many of the state’s energy programs date to Brown’s first tenure as governor in the 1970s, a response to an oil embargo that sent gasoline prices into the stratosphere. His administration wrote energy efficiency into the building code, and California became the first state to create strict energy standards for appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per capita electricity consumption here has remained mostly flat since 1975, while national energy use has gone up 50 percent, according to the federal Energy Information Assn. Additionally, even though electricity rates in California exceed the national average, residents’ annual bills are among the lowest in the country. California’s aggressive appliance standards, for example, have saved consumers $75 billion since appliance efficiency programs launched in 1978, a state analysis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state energy commission estimates that new building codes alone will save Californians $1.6 billion over the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, although the building code is ratcheted up periodically to reflect technological advances, at least half of existing structures were erected before 1978, according to the state commission. Residential and commercial buildings account for about two-thirds of statewide electricity use, so there’s a lot of catching up to do in some quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the moment, and until the state’s approach is fleshed out, progress toward the government’s new targets rests heavily on the building code, which is revised every three years. It won’t fully reflect the new law until 2020, but the latest update, to take effect Jan. 1 of next year, does require a higher degree of efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_672476\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1874px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-672476\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1.png\" alt=\"Residential and commercial users consume most of California's available power. \" width=\"1874\" height=\"2031\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1.png 1874w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-400x434.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-800x867.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-768x832.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-1440x1561.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-1180x1279.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-960x1040.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1874px) 100vw, 1874px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residential and commercial users consume most of California’s available power. \u003ccite>(Source: California Energy Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Starting in January, homeowners who embark on major renovations—the type that trigger permits and inspections—may have new requirements for walls and attics, need high-performance lighting or require tankless water heaters, among other items. And inspections for compliance will be, at least in the near term, the most important tool for advancing the energy-efficiency goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners, however, are less than assiduous about getting permits even when they are required: The energy commission estimates that 90 percent of residential heating and cooling upgrades, for example, are performed without official permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enforcement is easier for work performed on large commercial structures, which is more likely to come to the attention of inspectors and can incur heavy violation penalties. And businesses are worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Hargrove, Senior Vice President of governmental affairs at the California Business Properties Assn., represents owners of commercial buildings, who are concerned about the cost of upgrades. He said the last code update, in 2014, required advancements that tripled the cost of redoing lighting systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate seemed simple enough, he said, but “we had lighting contractors saying the requirements were so expensive that their businesses died on the vine” when many building owners chose not to upgrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refurbishing buildings that have modern, more efficient infrastructures may be relatively affordable, but those structures are poor candidates to reap significant energy savings, Hargrove said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real savings are to be found in older commercial buildings, but those are often held by owners who can least afford upgrades, Hargrove said. When a commercial building erected in the 1920s or 1930s requires major work, the cost of bringing it to code may be prohibitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the unknowns, it seems certain that maximum residential efficiency will come with some sticker shock for homeowners. Estimates vary dramatically, depending on the extent of efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob Atalla is Vice President of Sustainability for KB Home, which is building the technologically sophisticated houses in El Dorado Hills. He said the systems in those structures save about $1,000 annually in utility expenses. But the price tag for those houses runs about $50,000 more than for homes without so many energy-saving bells and whistles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The energy commission, however, estimates it will cost only an additional $2,700 for a new home to simply meet the building code taking effect Jan. 1. The agency estimates that over the life of a 30-year mortgage, those code requirements would save a homeowner $7,400 in energy and maintenance expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a commission report last year acknowledged that most Californians stay in homes only five to eight years and “may not recoup the value of a deep retrofit project while they own the home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials point out there are ways to soften the blow. Utility companies currently offer $1 billion a year for programs, some funded by their customers, to encourage energy efficiency. Major utilities and state agencies offer rebates for homeowners who upgrade, and myriad programs help low-income families use less energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, state funds have been set aside to help aging schools upgrade. Schools spent $300 million last year on such improvements as newer windows and modern heating and cooling systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, there is concern that the burden of complying with the requirements will fall heavily on the poorest Californians. Nearly a third of the state’s utility customers are categorized as low-income, according to the Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They currently receive about $30 million a year in federal weatherproofing assistance, according to the Public Utilities Commission. But they may need more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that sustainability not be defined just in terms of environmental sustainability, but equality and income sustainability,” said Tyson Slocum, director of the energy program at Public Citizen, the non-partisan public interest group. “Cost can’t be a barrier to participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents note that as technology evolves, it gets less expensive. A 2015 state report envisions an $8 billion annual private-sector efficiency marketplace, in which technology companies innovate with products and services to make energy savings reachable for more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials vow that California will find a way to slash its energy footprint as it educates residents about how, and why, to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the challenge is a relatively basic education, so that people can understand what their actions imply in terms of energy consumption,” McAllister said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conditions are absolutely there to achieve our goals,” said, “We can do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters is a non-profit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics. For more stories by Julie Cart go to calmatters.org/about/staff/julie-cart/\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rows of newly minted model homes unspool across a verdant, rolling landscape in El Dorado Hills, a sprawling master-planned community near Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels glint across 1,000 acres of rooftops. On a tidy cul-de-sac, a faux-grass lawn flanks the driveway to the home of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s important that sustainability not be defined just in terms of environmental sustainability, but equality and income sustainability .’\u003ccite>Tyson Slocum, Public Citizen energy program director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The two-story residence brims with state-of-the-art energy-saving technology: highly efficient heating and cooling systems, dense wall insulation, triple-paned windows, smog-gobbling roof tiles and “smart” appliances that spring into action when power demand is lowest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power-sipping homes like this will be critical to the state’s recalibrated energy policies. Those policies now include a law that requires California’s built environment—tens of millions of structures—to operate twice as efficiently by the year 2030, slashing consumption of electricity and natural gas to half their projected levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate, intended to reduce the state’s need for carbon-spewing power plants, is part of California’s mission to address climate change by cutting greenhouse-gas emissions. Residential and commercial buildings account for about 20 percent of those pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-672472 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963.jpg\" alt=\"energy_home_001\" width=\"1930\" height=\"1947\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963.jpg 1930w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-400x404.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-800x807.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-768x775.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-1440x1453.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-1920x1937.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-1180x1190.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-960x968.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/energy_home_001-e1462201168963-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1930px) 100vw, 1930px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how the state’s ambitious goal will be achieved is unclear, and agreement on the price tag is elusive. What is certain is that making homes and other buildings use energy more efficiently will cost money up front, in a state that has some of the country’s most expensive real estate and is struggling to create more affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California home prices are more than twice the national average, according to the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials and some builders insist that consumers and businesses will save money in the long run as utility bills shrink and the resale value of houses and commercial structures increases.\u003cbr>\nOthers view the goal as something more akin to the well-appointed homes in El Dorado Hills: a lovely thing to aspire to, difficult to reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, however, wide agreement on the enormity of the task, which builds on policies requiring more reliance on renewable-energy sources such as sun and wind and fostering mass transit to get cars off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a long-term project,” said Andrew McAllister, a member of the California Energy Commission. “Everyone has to play a part. There’s no one big solution, no silver bullet. There is a lot of silver buckshot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, created last year by Gov. Jerry Brown and the legislature, offers no blueprint for implementing a policy that could touch millions of homes and nearly every school, church, office building and shopping center in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No action is required for existing homes or commercial buildings unless they undergo significant renovations. And the law stipulates that its implementation not be financially onerous for Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But important questions of exactly how much the policy will ultimately cost and who will pay are unresolved, despite related legislation passed to help with the expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_672475\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-672475\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE.png\" alt=\"A new building code will cover many existing structures.\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-400x400.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/ENERGY-USE-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new building code will cover many existing structures. \u003ccite>(Val B. Mina for CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are other fundamental questions as well, such as exactly how to measure efficiency, where to start — Brown has suggested beginning with state-owned structures — and how energy upgrades will affect the state’s scarce low-income housing supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task of figuring things out lies largely with the Energy Commission and the Public Utilities Commission. The agencies say they hope to know by the middle of next year how to update a tangle of existing building codes and other regulations, modernize the state’s electricity grid to incorporate more renewable energy and craft an educational campaign to inform consumers of what’s coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Resources Board, which regulates air quality in California, will help, as will the major utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The details are not fleshed out. But to reach our climate targets, investing in energy efficiency is important,” said Sen. Fran Pavley (D-Agoura Hills), author of a landmark California law, signed in 2006 by then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, that launched a comprehensive effort to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be costly,” Pavley said. “…To me, the challenge is how to implement the upfront capital cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Brown signed the energy-efficiency bill into law last year, he described the changing climate as a “catastrophe” and called on Californians to do their part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, California has been on an energy diet for decades. Many of the state’s energy programs date to Brown’s first tenure as governor in the 1970s, a response to an oil embargo that sent gasoline prices into the stratosphere. His administration wrote energy efficiency into the building code, and California became the first state to create strict energy standards for appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per capita electricity consumption here has remained mostly flat since 1975, while national energy use has gone up 50 percent, according to the federal Energy Information Assn. Additionally, even though electricity rates in California exceed the national average, residents’ annual bills are among the lowest in the country. California’s aggressive appliance standards, for example, have saved consumers $75 billion since appliance efficiency programs launched in 1978, a state analysis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state energy commission estimates that new building codes alone will save Californians $1.6 billion over the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, although the building code is ratcheted up periodically to reflect technological advances, at least half of existing structures were erected before 1978, according to the state commission. Residential and commercial buildings account for about two-thirds of statewide electricity use, so there’s a lot of catching up to do in some quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the moment, and until the state’s approach is fleshed out, progress toward the government’s new targets rests heavily on the building code, which is revised every three years. It won’t fully reflect the new law until 2020, but the latest update, to take effect Jan. 1 of next year, does require a higher degree of efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_672476\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1874px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-672476\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1.png\" alt=\"Residential and commercial users consume most of California's available power. \" width=\"1874\" height=\"2031\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1.png 1874w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-400x434.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-800x867.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-768x832.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-1440x1561.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-1180x1279.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/electricity_consumption_sector-1-960x1040.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1874px) 100vw, 1874px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residential and commercial users consume most of California’s available power. \u003ccite>(Source: California Energy Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Starting in January, homeowners who embark on major renovations—the type that trigger permits and inspections—may have new requirements for walls and attics, need high-performance lighting or require tankless water heaters, among other items. And inspections for compliance will be, at least in the near term, the most important tool for advancing the energy-efficiency goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners, however, are less than assiduous about getting permits even when they are required: The energy commission estimates that 90 percent of residential heating and cooling upgrades, for example, are performed without official permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enforcement is easier for work performed on large commercial structures, which is more likely to come to the attention of inspectors and can incur heavy violation penalties. And businesses are worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Hargrove, Senior Vice President of governmental affairs at the California Business Properties Assn., represents owners of commercial buildings, who are concerned about the cost of upgrades. He said the last code update, in 2014, required advancements that tripled the cost of redoing lighting systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate seemed simple enough, he said, but “we had lighting contractors saying the requirements were so expensive that their businesses died on the vine” when many building owners chose not to upgrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refurbishing buildings that have modern, more efficient infrastructures may be relatively affordable, but those structures are poor candidates to reap significant energy savings, Hargrove said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real savings are to be found in older commercial buildings, but those are often held by owners who can least afford upgrades, Hargrove said. When a commercial building erected in the 1920s or 1930s requires major work, the cost of bringing it to code may be prohibitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the unknowns, it seems certain that maximum residential efficiency will come with some sticker shock for homeowners. Estimates vary dramatically, depending on the extent of efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob Atalla is Vice President of Sustainability for KB Home, which is building the technologically sophisticated houses in El Dorado Hills. He said the systems in those structures save about $1,000 annually in utility expenses. But the price tag for those houses runs about $50,000 more than for homes without so many energy-saving bells and whistles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The energy commission, however, estimates it will cost only an additional $2,700 for a new home to simply meet the building code taking effect Jan. 1. The agency estimates that over the life of a 30-year mortgage, those code requirements would save a homeowner $7,400 in energy and maintenance expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a commission report last year acknowledged that most Californians stay in homes only five to eight years and “may not recoup the value of a deep retrofit project while they own the home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials point out there are ways to soften the blow. Utility companies currently offer $1 billion a year for programs, some funded by their customers, to encourage energy efficiency. Major utilities and state agencies offer rebates for homeowners who upgrade, and myriad programs help low-income families use less energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, state funds have been set aside to help aging schools upgrade. Schools spent $300 million last year on such improvements as newer windows and modern heating and cooling systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, there is concern that the burden of complying with the requirements will fall heavily on the poorest Californians. Nearly a third of the state’s utility customers are categorized as low-income, according to the Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They currently receive about $30 million a year in federal weatherproofing assistance, according to the Public Utilities Commission. But they may need more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that sustainability not be defined just in terms of environmental sustainability, but equality and income sustainability,” said Tyson Slocum, director of the energy program at Public Citizen, the non-partisan public interest group. “Cost can’t be a barrier to participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents note that as technology evolves, it gets less expensive. A 2015 state report envisions an $8 billion annual private-sector efficiency marketplace, in which technology companies innovate with products and services to make energy savings reachable for more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials vow that California will find a way to slash its energy footprint as it educates residents about how, and why, to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the challenge is a relatively basic education, so that people can understand what their actions imply in terms of energy consumption,” McAllister said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conditions are absolutely there to achieve our goals,” said, “We can do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters is a non-profit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics. For more stories by Julie Cart go to calmatters.org/about/staff/julie-cart/\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "grizzly-bears-are-everywhere-in-california-but-the-woods",
"title": "Move to Return Grizzly Bears to California Will Be an Uphill Push",
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"headTitle": "Move to Return Grizzly Bears to California Will Be an Uphill Push | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Who says the grizzly bear has vanished from California? On the contrary, it’s nearly ubiquitous in the Golden State—on everything from the state flag to T-shirts and coffee mugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the bears themselves have been absent for nearly a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Gold Rush, the best guess is there were probably 10,000 grizzlies in California. But in the space of about 75 years, they were trapped and hunted into extinction. Though no one can say with certainty when the last bear expired, by 1930 even unconfirmed sightings had winked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can be brought back,” insists Noah Greenwald, conservation director for the Arizona-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>. In 2014, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/mammals/grizzly_bear/pdfs/Grizzly_Recovery_Plan_Petition_.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">petitioned\u003c/a> the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to expand areas for grizzly recovery into California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-663467 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport.jpg\" alt=\"The Gold Rush and repeating rifle proved to be the undoing of the California Grizzly. By the mid 1920s, they had been trapped and hunted into extinction.\" width=\"750\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport-400x297.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gold Rush and repeating rifle proved to be the undoing of the California Grizzly. By the mid 1920s, they had been trapped and hunted into extinction. \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That petition was denied. The agency said it didn’t want to divert resources from its efforts to rebuild the brown bears’ populations elsewhere \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141130-grizzly-reintroduction-cascades-national-park-environment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the Lower 48\u003c/a>. Currently wildlife officials estimate there are no more than 2,000 grizzlies spread across Montana, Wyoming, Idaho and Washington (with a much larger population in Alaska).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly in Yellowstone National Park, which gets more than three million visitors a year, grizzly bears are a tremendous draw there and a real source of joy,” observes Greenwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yes, they can be a source of danger. A female grizzly with cubs killed a hiker in Yellowstone last year—but bear attacks are exceedingly rare. So the Center for Biological Diversity is betting on taking its case directly to the public. It’s gathered about 13,000 signatures on an online petition, and is about to launch the next phase of a \u003ca href=\"http://bringbackthebears.org/#home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web and social media campaign\u003c/a> under the banner, “Bring Back the Bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-663472\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-800x450.jpg\" alt='The \"Bring Back the Bear\" campaign features a bearless state flag.' width=\"465\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Bring Back the Bear” campaign features a bearless state flag. \u003ccite>(Gyro/Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I do think it’s something—with some education and with further study—something that people could and will rally around,” Greenwald speculates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollywood hasn’t exactly advanced the cause, doing for Grizzlies more or less what “Jaws” did for sharks—last year’s \u003ca href=\"http://oscar.go.com/news/winners/the-revenant-wins-3-2016-oscars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oscar nominee\u003c/a> for best picture being only the latest example. Leonardo DiCaprio’s violent encounter with a mama grizzly was likely the most talked-about scene in “The Revenant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There Are Bears—And Then There Are Grizzlies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the only encounter possible with a native California grizzly, is at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiamuseum.org/bear-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Museum\u003c/a> in Sacramento, where Monarch, the bear that served as a model for the state flag, stands stuffed behind glass walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly some prefer their grizzlies that way and they’re not alone. State wildlife officials are, to say the least, skeptical of the bid to reestablish the bears in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBGrizzlyBearsMiller160502.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Yellowstone grizzly recording by Bernie Krause/\u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wild Sanctuary\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Kenyon is a bear biologist; a big, bearded bear of a guy himself, Kenyon heads the state’s Human-Wildlife Conflict Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That grizzly would turn this thing into a tin can in a hurry,” says Kenyon, showing me the trailers his agency uses to trap and transport injured or wayward black bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenyon’s agency puts the number of black bears in California at somewhere between 30,000 and 60,000—but clearly black bears are not grizzlies, which can easily be twice the size, a thousand pounds or more. And even though the bears would be placed in remote areas, there’s no guarantee they would stay put.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing I can tell you about bears is that bears roam,” says Kenyon. “And they’ll roam a long distance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Biological Diversity has identified nearly 8,000 square miles of potential habitat in the remote Sierra Nevada, with a smaller area near the Oregon border. Kenyon’s not sure it’s enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can only imagine how far a grizzly bear in California might roam,” he says, “in search for food, in search for mates, in search for its own habitat, its own territory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_665058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665058\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Grizzly_Mobile.jpg\" alt=\"Source: Center for Biological Diversity\" width=\"750\" height=\"1135\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-medium-up\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Grizzly_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)\" width=\"100%\"> Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even advocates, like nature journalist Jason Mark, concede that this wouldn’t be an easy lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to at all underestimate the challenge of something ambitious like this,” says Mark, author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Satellites-High-Country-Searching-Wild/dp/1610915801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Satellites in the High Country: Searching for the Wild in the Age of Man\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the hardest part might be “changing the way that we think of what wild nature is good for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it good, for us, just as a place to go recreate and watch and look at, or does wild nature have some intrinsic rights of its own?” he asks. “And in that sense the bear does have a right to return to what was once its homeland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark says the large carnivores could have ecological benefits, aiding in seed dispersal and balancing populations of smaller prey animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kenyon isn’t convinced that it’s the best thing for species like California’s declining deer population, or even for the bears themselves at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a stable grizzly bear population, we’re looking in excess of 200 animals—that can find each other,” says Kenyon. By comparison, the Yellowstone \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/10/151001-grizzly-bears-animals-science-conservation-nation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grizzly population\u003c/a> numbers about 700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you get down to a density where the animals can’t find each other, you’re lessening the chance for them to breed,” he says, “and then you’re lessening the chance for the species to survive in the long term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663468\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-663468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat.jpg\" alt=\"C. Hart Merriam's hand-colored map shows grizzlies in widely varied habitats across California. He also identified several subspecies.\" width=\"750\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat-400x508.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">C. Hart Merriam’s hand-colored map shows grizzlies in widely varied habitats across California. He also identified six subspecies. \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grizzlies … in Oakland?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to the Oakland Zoo, where construction crews have started work on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiatrail.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Trail\u003c/a> project. The exhibit will feature the state’s iconic critters from big cats to condors, and the centerpiece will be a three-acre grizzly “habitat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, unfortunately they tell sort of the sad history of humans and wildlife here in California,” says Colleen Kinzley, who directs animal care, conservation and research at the zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want people to be aware of that,” she says. “I mean, despite the fact that the grizzly bear is on our flag and our state seal, many people don’t know that grizzlies existed in California and are really a part of this habitat and environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”tNDxIqCQ6OM8KhFUGLYNbB9Hg9p1oQ7s”]The zoo is preparing for its first bears-in-residence sometime next year. And Kinzley says the best way to “bring back the bears” in the wild would be to let them come back on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t just plop a large predator into a location and say, ‘Alright, everybody just get along,'” she says. “The bear will lose if you don’t have complete buy-in from all the different constituencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a long shot, to be sure, but it’s theoretically possible that, say, the tiny population of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141130-grizzly-reintroduction-cascades-national-park-environment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grizzlies in the Washington Cascades\u003c/a> might work their way down into California, much as wolves have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/20/gray-wolf-pups-found-in-california-first-in-nearly-a-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drifted down\u003c/a> from Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be a long way off but I think probably easier than getting everyone to agree to bring bears from somewhere and put them in California,” says Kinzley. Kenyon agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, it’s likely that for a long time to come, the only way to see live grizzlies in California will be with a big fence around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Featured art by Laura Cunningham, author of \u003ca href=\"https://heydaybooks.com/book/a-state-of-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A State of Change\u003c/a> and co-founder of the desert conservation group \u003ca href=\"http://www.basinandrangewatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Basin and Range Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A small but persistent movement to bring the grizzly back to California is about to take it to the next level.",
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"title": "Move to Return Grizzly Bears to California Will Be an Uphill Push | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Who says the grizzly bear has vanished from California? On the contrary, it’s nearly ubiquitous in the Golden State—on everything from the state flag to T-shirts and coffee mugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the bears themselves have been absent for nearly a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Gold Rush, the best guess is there were probably 10,000 grizzlies in California. But in the space of about 75 years, they were trapped and hunted into extinction. Though no one can say with certainty when the last bear expired, by 1930 even unconfirmed sightings had winked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can be brought back,” insists Noah Greenwald, conservation director for the Arizona-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>. In 2014, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/mammals/grizzly_bear/pdfs/Grizzly_Recovery_Plan_Petition_.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">petitioned\u003c/a> the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to expand areas for grizzly recovery into California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-663467 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport.jpg\" alt=\"The Gold Rush and repeating rifle proved to be the undoing of the California Grizzly. By the mid 1920s, they had been trapped and hunted into extinction.\" width=\"750\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport-400x297.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gold Rush and repeating rifle proved to be the undoing of the California Grizzly. By the mid 1920s, they had been trapped and hunted into extinction. \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That petition was denied. The agency said it didn’t want to divert resources from its efforts to rebuild the brown bears’ populations elsewhere \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141130-grizzly-reintroduction-cascades-national-park-environment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the Lower 48\u003c/a>. Currently wildlife officials estimate there are no more than 2,000 grizzlies spread across Montana, Wyoming, Idaho and Washington (with a much larger population in Alaska).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly in Yellowstone National Park, which gets more than three million visitors a year, grizzly bears are a tremendous draw there and a real source of joy,” observes Greenwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yes, they can be a source of danger. A female grizzly with cubs killed a hiker in Yellowstone last year—but bear attacks are exceedingly rare. So the Center for Biological Diversity is betting on taking its case directly to the public. It’s gathered about 13,000 signatures on an online petition, and is about to launch the next phase of a \u003ca href=\"http://bringbackthebears.org/#home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web and social media campaign\u003c/a> under the banner, “Bring Back the Bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-663472\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-800x450.jpg\" alt='The \"Bring Back the Bear\" campaign features a bearless state flag.' width=\"465\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Bring Back the Bear” campaign features a bearless state flag. \u003ccite>(Gyro/Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I do think it’s something—with some education and with further study—something that people could and will rally around,” Greenwald speculates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollywood hasn’t exactly advanced the cause, doing for Grizzlies more or less what “Jaws” did for sharks—last year’s \u003ca href=\"http://oscar.go.com/news/winners/the-revenant-wins-3-2016-oscars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oscar nominee\u003c/a> for best picture being only the latest example. Leonardo DiCaprio’s violent encounter with a mama grizzly was likely the most talked-about scene in “The Revenant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There Are Bears—And Then There Are Grizzlies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the only encounter possible with a native California grizzly, is at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiamuseum.org/bear-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Museum\u003c/a> in Sacramento, where Monarch, the bear that served as a model for the state flag, stands stuffed behind glass walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly some prefer their grizzlies that way and they’re not alone. State wildlife officials are, to say the least, skeptical of the bid to reestablish the bears in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBGrizzlyBearsMiller160502.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Yellowstone grizzly recording by Bernie Krause/\u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wild Sanctuary\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Kenyon is a bear biologist; a big, bearded bear of a guy himself, Kenyon heads the state’s Human-Wildlife Conflict Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That grizzly would turn this thing into a tin can in a hurry,” says Kenyon, showing me the trailers his agency uses to trap and transport injured or wayward black bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenyon’s agency puts the number of black bears in California at somewhere between 30,000 and 60,000—but clearly black bears are not grizzlies, which can easily be twice the size, a thousand pounds or more. And even though the bears would be placed in remote areas, there’s no guarantee they would stay put.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing I can tell you about bears is that bears roam,” says Kenyon. “And they’ll roam a long distance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Biological Diversity has identified nearly 8,000 square miles of potential habitat in the remote Sierra Nevada, with a smaller area near the Oregon border. Kenyon’s not sure it’s enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can only imagine how far a grizzly bear in California might roam,” he says, “in search for food, in search for mates, in search for its own habitat, its own territory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_665058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665058\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Grizzly_Mobile.jpg\" alt=\"Source: Center for Biological Diversity\" width=\"750\" height=\"1135\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-medium-up\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Grizzly_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)\" width=\"100%\"> Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even advocates, like nature journalist Jason Mark, concede that this wouldn’t be an easy lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to at all underestimate the challenge of something ambitious like this,” says Mark, author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Satellites-High-Country-Searching-Wild/dp/1610915801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Satellites in the High Country: Searching for the Wild in the Age of Man\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the hardest part might be “changing the way that we think of what wild nature is good for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it good, for us, just as a place to go recreate and watch and look at, or does wild nature have some intrinsic rights of its own?” he asks. “And in that sense the bear does have a right to return to what was once its homeland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark says the large carnivores could have ecological benefits, aiding in seed dispersal and balancing populations of smaller prey animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kenyon isn’t convinced that it’s the best thing for species like California’s declining deer population, or even for the bears themselves at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a stable grizzly bear population, we’re looking in excess of 200 animals—that can find each other,” says Kenyon. By comparison, the Yellowstone \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/10/151001-grizzly-bears-animals-science-conservation-nation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grizzly population\u003c/a> numbers about 700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you get down to a density where the animals can’t find each other, you’re lessening the chance for them to breed,” he says, “and then you’re lessening the chance for the species to survive in the long term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663468\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-663468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat.jpg\" alt=\"C. Hart Merriam's hand-colored map shows grizzlies in widely varied habitats across California. He also identified several subspecies.\" width=\"750\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat-400x508.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">C. Hart Merriam’s hand-colored map shows grizzlies in widely varied habitats across California. He also identified six subspecies. \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grizzlies … in Oakland?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to the Oakland Zoo, where construction crews have started work on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiatrail.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Trail\u003c/a> project. The exhibit will feature the state’s iconic critters from big cats to condors, and the centerpiece will be a three-acre grizzly “habitat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, unfortunately they tell sort of the sad history of humans and wildlife here in California,” says Colleen Kinzley, who directs animal care, conservation and research at the zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want people to be aware of that,” she says. “I mean, despite the fact that the grizzly bear is on our flag and our state seal, many people don’t know that grizzlies existed in California and are really a part of this habitat and environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The zoo is preparing for its first bears-in-residence sometime next year. And Kinzley says the best way to “bring back the bears” in the wild would be to let them come back on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t just plop a large predator into a location and say, ‘Alright, everybody just get along,'” she says. “The bear will lose if you don’t have complete buy-in from all the different constituencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a long shot, to be sure, but it’s theoretically possible that, say, the tiny population of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141130-grizzly-reintroduction-cascades-national-park-environment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grizzlies in the Washington Cascades\u003c/a> might work their way down into California, much as wolves have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/20/gray-wolf-pups-found-in-california-first-in-nearly-a-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drifted down\u003c/a> from Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be a long way off but I think probably easier than getting everyone to agree to bring bears from somewhere and put them in California,” says Kinzley. Kenyon agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, it’s likely that for a long time to come, the only way to see live grizzlies in California will be with a big fence around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Featured art by Laura Cunningham, author of \u003ca href=\"https://heydaybooks.com/book/a-state-of-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A State of Change\u003c/a> and co-founder of the desert conservation group \u003ca href=\"http://www.basinandrangewatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Basin and Range Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Opinion: It’s Time to Bring the Grizzly Bear Back to California",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the mid-19th century, there were as many as 10,000 brown bears in California — a greater population density than in Alaska today. The last documented sighting was in 1924. Now all that remains is the profile of the powerful bruin on the state flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No doubt some people will freak out at the prospect of the Lower 48’s biggest predator haunting the woods. But there are good reasons to return the animal to the Bear Flag Republic. Grizzly reintroduction would have clear ecological benefits. And it would have cultural benefits, too, by prompting us to rethink what nature is “good for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is already crawling with predators. We have mountain lions in Los Angeles — where the Internet-famous “\u003ca href=\"http://www.urbancarnivores.com/p22-the-hollywood-lion/\">Hollywood Lion\u003c/a>” stalks mule dear in Griffith Park — and one in San Francisco, too, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/r-mountain-lion-spotted-roaming-around-san-francisco-2015-7\">a cougar was captured on a security camera\u003c/a> last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The presence of grizzlies and mountain lions and wolves are reminders that nature in its wilder states is not here to serve us’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The reappearance of mountain lions is an example of what conservation biologists call “rewilding.” In some instances, like that of the mountain lion, the wild animals find their way back on their own. In other cases, state or federal agencies have made determined efforts to bring back animals hunted and trapped to oblivion or pushed out by development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reintroduction of gray wolves to the Northern Rockies in the late 1990s is the best-known rewilding story. Twenty-one years after wolves were returned to Yellowstone National Park, there is an established population and some have migrated as far as Northern California, where, in August, a pack was confirmed in the state for the first time since 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The return of the gray wolf to the rural West has been hugely controversial, marked by serial court cases, Capitol Hill maneuverings, vigilantism (in the form of poaching animals listed as endangered) and fiery debates that have scorched western communities. For many ranchers and hunters, the return of the wolf represents a dangerous surrendering of human control over the landscape. To supporters of rewilding, the success of the wolf is a kind of ecological restorative justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_654142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-654142\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Sheet-Music-I-Love-You-CA.jpg\" alt=\"Grizzlies appear to have loved California's varied habitats--but do Californians love the bears enough to bring them back?\" width=\"750\" height=\"1020\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Sheet-Music-I-Love-You-CA.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Sheet-Music-I-Love-You-CA-400x544.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grizzlies appear to have loved California’s varied habitats–but do Californians love the bears enough to bring them back? \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bringing back grizzly bears to California is the latest rewilding idea. Last year, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, an Arizona-based conservation group, filed a petition with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> to consider reintroducing the grizzly in the Southwest and California. The agency denied the request, and now the organization plans to petition the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> to bring back the bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Grizzly bears were a common part of the California landscape and had been there for eons, and we wiped them out,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/about/staff/index.html#noah\">Noah Greenwald\u003c/a>, the endangered species coordinator at the Center for Biological Diversity. “By bringing them back we would be righting a historic wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663460\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 689px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-663460\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Coho-griz-negative-copy103-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Grizzlies originally occupied varied habitats in California, including river valleys during seasons when salmon were plentiful.\" width=\"689\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Coho-griz-negative-copy103-copy.jpg 689w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Coho-griz-negative-copy103-copy-400x497.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grizzlies originally occupied varied habitats in California, including river valleys during seasons when salmon were plentiful. \u003ccite>(Laura Cunningham/Basin and Range Watch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Returning grizzlies to California would have real ecological advantages. Wildlife biologists have shown that restoring large predators to a landscape can have consequences that ripple across an ecosystem. This phenomenon is called “trophic cascades.” Imagine: a wolf reappears on the scene. Suddenly, the elk and deer have to be alert. Their newly cautious behavior gives aspen and willow a chance to thrive, which provide fresh habitat for beaver and songbirds.\u003ca href=\"https://environment.yale.edu/profile/david-mattson/\"> David Mattson\u003c/a>, a lecturer at the \u003ca href=\"http://environment.yale.edu/\">Yale School of Forestry\u003c/a>, says grizzlies would have “demonstrable ecosystem effects” were they reintroduced to California. Brown bears would assist with seed dispersal and soil aeration as they tear into the ground hunting for gophers and voles. Coastal grizzly would move nutrients upstream and inland via their consumption of spawning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state wildlife officials are cool on the idea. “Grizzly bears traditionally would roam oak woodlands and even beaches and eat whale carcasses and whatnot,” says California Fish and Wildlife spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jordan-traverso-895208a\">Jordan Traverso\u003c/a>. “So you’d be introducing them in places where people are now, not the typical black bear habitat. So we are not supportive of that proposal, even a little bit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_654222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-654222 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale.jpeg\" alt=\"Grizzly bears feeding on a beached whale carcass, as imagined by artist Laura Cunningham.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-400x256.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-800x512.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-768x492.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-1440x922.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-1920x1230.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-1180x756.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-960x615.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grizzly bears feeding on a beached whale carcass, as imagined by artist Laura Cunningham. \u003ccite>(Laura Cunningham/Basin and Range Watch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, the idea is not as outlandish as it might sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study of Europe published in the journal Science found that large carnivores are successfully sharing landscapes with people. Some 17,000 brown bears (\u003cem>Ursus arctos\u003c/em>, essentially the same species as the North American grizzly) live in 22 European countries, making the bear the most abundant large carnivore on the continent. Europe is also home to 12,000 wolves, twice as many as in the United States, despite the continent having twice the population density. The study found that large carnivores “have shown an ability to recolonize areas with moderate human densities if they are allowed, and to persist in highly human-dominated landscapes and in the proximity of urban areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/~mwlewis/\">Martin Lewis\u003c/a>, a geographer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford\u003c/a> who has studied the politics of rewilding, says the problem with grizzly reintroduction is not a lack of suitable habitat. But, he says, “there are questions about coexistence. People can learn to live with them, but there will be trade-offs. There will be encounters, and some of those encounters will be negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”yXiMJJ9nodz2h61dfgro0bCts8PBMEwe”]Let’s face it. Wolves eat cattle and prized game like elk. Grizzlies sometimes attack backpackers. Mountain lions sometimes go after hikers. Acknowledging such dangers is not being callous toward human life, but recognizes that the lives of these animals, and the role they play in the environment, also matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The risks are worth it. The presence of grizzlies and mountain lions and wolves are reminders that nature in its wilder states is not here to serve us, and that wild animals and wild places have their own interests. Can we cohabitate with wild animals though they might pose a threat to us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such coexistence will require us to rethink some of our assumptions about wild nature. Do we want nature to always conform neatly to human desires — a garden to be tended by our hands, or an idyllic retreat imagined by the Romantics? Or are we willing to live with a nature that is wilder? A nature that is uncontrolled, unpredictable, and possibly dangerous. One where you could end up as lunch if you’re not careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accept the return of large carnivores will demand a selflessness to which, as a species, we are unaccustomed. It will also require a measure of courage. After all, it’s easy to love a nature that just looks pretty. It’s a much more difficult task to live with a nature that can be threatening — a wolf pack in the pasture, a lion on the prowl under streetlights and, yes, grizzlies in the woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jason Mark is the author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.islandpress.org/book/satellites-in-the-high-country\">Satellites in the High Country: Searching for the Wild in the Age of Man\u003c/a>” and editor of Sierra magazine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Featured art by Laura Cunningham, author of \u003ca href=\"https://heydaybooks.com/book/a-state-of-change/\">A State of Change\u003c/a> and co-founder of the desert conservation group \u003ca href=\"http://www.basinandrangewatch.org/\">Basin and Range Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A naturalist and author argues that the state's symbol belongs back in the state — and not just on t-shirts and coffee mugs.",
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"title": "Opinion: It’s Time to Bring the Grizzly Bear Back to California | KQED",
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"headline": "Opinion: It’s Time to Bring the Grizzly Bear Back to California",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/authors/jason-mark\" target=\"_blank\">Jason Mark\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra\" target=\"_blank\">Sierra Magazine\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the mid-19th century, there were as many as 10,000 brown bears in California — a greater population density than in Alaska today. The last documented sighting was in 1924. Now all that remains is the profile of the powerful bruin on the state flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No doubt some people will freak out at the prospect of the Lower 48’s biggest predator haunting the woods. But there are good reasons to return the animal to the Bear Flag Republic. Grizzly reintroduction would have clear ecological benefits. And it would have cultural benefits, too, by prompting us to rethink what nature is “good for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is already crawling with predators. We have mountain lions in Los Angeles — where the Internet-famous “\u003ca href=\"http://www.urbancarnivores.com/p22-the-hollywood-lion/\">Hollywood Lion\u003c/a>” stalks mule dear in Griffith Park — and one in San Francisco, too, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/r-mountain-lion-spotted-roaming-around-san-francisco-2015-7\">a cougar was captured on a security camera\u003c/a> last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The presence of grizzlies and mountain lions and wolves are reminders that nature in its wilder states is not here to serve us’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The reappearance of mountain lions is an example of what conservation biologists call “rewilding.” In some instances, like that of the mountain lion, the wild animals find their way back on their own. In other cases, state or federal agencies have made determined efforts to bring back animals hunted and trapped to oblivion or pushed out by development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reintroduction of gray wolves to the Northern Rockies in the late 1990s is the best-known rewilding story. Twenty-one years after wolves were returned to Yellowstone National Park, there is an established population and some have migrated as far as Northern California, where, in August, a pack was confirmed in the state for the first time since 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The return of the gray wolf to the rural West has been hugely controversial, marked by serial court cases, Capitol Hill maneuverings, vigilantism (in the form of poaching animals listed as endangered) and fiery debates that have scorched western communities. For many ranchers and hunters, the return of the wolf represents a dangerous surrendering of human control over the landscape. To supporters of rewilding, the success of the wolf is a kind of ecological restorative justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_654142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-654142\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Sheet-Music-I-Love-You-CA.jpg\" alt=\"Grizzlies appear to have loved California's varied habitats--but do Californians love the bears enough to bring them back?\" width=\"750\" height=\"1020\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Sheet-Music-I-Love-You-CA.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Sheet-Music-I-Love-You-CA-400x544.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grizzlies appear to have loved California’s varied habitats–but do Californians love the bears enough to bring them back? \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bringing back grizzly bears to California is the latest rewilding idea. Last year, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, an Arizona-based conservation group, filed a petition with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> to consider reintroducing the grizzly in the Southwest and California. The agency denied the request, and now the organization plans to petition the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> to bring back the bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Grizzly bears were a common part of the California landscape and had been there for eons, and we wiped them out,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/about/staff/index.html#noah\">Noah Greenwald\u003c/a>, the endangered species coordinator at the Center for Biological Diversity. “By bringing them back we would be righting a historic wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663460\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 689px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-663460\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Coho-griz-negative-copy103-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Grizzlies originally occupied varied habitats in California, including river valleys during seasons when salmon were plentiful.\" width=\"689\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Coho-griz-negative-copy103-copy.jpg 689w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Coho-griz-negative-copy103-copy-400x497.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grizzlies originally occupied varied habitats in California, including river valleys during seasons when salmon were plentiful. \u003ccite>(Laura Cunningham/Basin and Range Watch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Returning grizzlies to California would have real ecological advantages. Wildlife biologists have shown that restoring large predators to a landscape can have consequences that ripple across an ecosystem. This phenomenon is called “trophic cascades.” Imagine: a wolf reappears on the scene. Suddenly, the elk and deer have to be alert. Their newly cautious behavior gives aspen and willow a chance to thrive, which provide fresh habitat for beaver and songbirds.\u003ca href=\"https://environment.yale.edu/profile/david-mattson/\"> David Mattson\u003c/a>, a lecturer at the \u003ca href=\"http://environment.yale.edu/\">Yale School of Forestry\u003c/a>, says grizzlies would have “demonstrable ecosystem effects” were they reintroduced to California. Brown bears would assist with seed dispersal and soil aeration as they tear into the ground hunting for gophers and voles. Coastal grizzly would move nutrients upstream and inland via their consumption of spawning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state wildlife officials are cool on the idea. “Grizzly bears traditionally would roam oak woodlands and even beaches and eat whale carcasses and whatnot,” says California Fish and Wildlife spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jordan-traverso-895208a\">Jordan Traverso\u003c/a>. “So you’d be introducing them in places where people are now, not the typical black bear habitat. So we are not supportive of that proposal, even a little bit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_654222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-654222 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale.jpeg\" alt=\"Grizzly bears feeding on a beached whale carcass, as imagined by artist Laura Cunningham.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-400x256.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-800x512.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-768x492.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-1440x922.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-1920x1230.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-1180x756.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Bears-whale-960x615.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grizzly bears feeding on a beached whale carcass, as imagined by artist Laura Cunningham. \u003ccite>(Laura Cunningham/Basin and Range Watch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, the idea is not as outlandish as it might sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study of Europe published in the journal Science found that large carnivores are successfully sharing landscapes with people. Some 17,000 brown bears (\u003cem>Ursus arctos\u003c/em>, essentially the same species as the North American grizzly) live in 22 European countries, making the bear the most abundant large carnivore on the continent. Europe is also home to 12,000 wolves, twice as many as in the United States, despite the continent having twice the population density. The study found that large carnivores “have shown an ability to recolonize areas with moderate human densities if they are allowed, and to persist in highly human-dominated landscapes and in the proximity of urban areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/~mwlewis/\">Martin Lewis\u003c/a>, a geographer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford\u003c/a> who has studied the politics of rewilding, says the problem with grizzly reintroduction is not a lack of suitable habitat. But, he says, “there are questions about coexistence. People can learn to live with them, but there will be trade-offs. There will be encounters, and some of those encounters will be negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Let’s face it. Wolves eat cattle and prized game like elk. Grizzlies sometimes attack backpackers. Mountain lions sometimes go after hikers. Acknowledging such dangers is not being callous toward human life, but recognizes that the lives of these animals, and the role they play in the environment, also matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The risks are worth it. The presence of grizzlies and mountain lions and wolves are reminders that nature in its wilder states is not here to serve us, and that wild animals and wild places have their own interests. Can we cohabitate with wild animals though they might pose a threat to us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such coexistence will require us to rethink some of our assumptions about wild nature. Do we want nature to always conform neatly to human desires — a garden to be tended by our hands, or an idyllic retreat imagined by the Romantics? Or are we willing to live with a nature that is wilder? A nature that is uncontrolled, unpredictable, and possibly dangerous. One where you could end up as lunch if you’re not careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accept the return of large carnivores will demand a selflessness to which, as a species, we are unaccustomed. It will also require a measure of courage. After all, it’s easy to love a nature that just looks pretty. It’s a much more difficult task to live with a nature that can be threatening — a wolf pack in the pasture, a lion on the prowl under streetlights and, yes, grizzlies in the woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jason Mark is the author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.islandpress.org/book/satellites-in-the-high-country\">Satellites in the High Country: Searching for the Wild in the Age of Man\u003c/a>” and editor of Sierra magazine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Featured art by Laura Cunningham, author of \u003ca href=\"https://heydaybooks.com/book/a-state-of-change/\">A State of Change\u003c/a> and co-founder of the desert conservation group \u003ca href=\"http://www.basinandrangewatch.org/\">Basin and Range Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Judge Throws Out Lawsuit Seeking to Drain Hetch Hetchy and Restore Valley",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Tuolumne County judge has thrown out a lawsuit seeking to drain San Francisco's Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, the linchpin of a system that supplies drinking water to 2.5 million people in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a ruling delivered Thursday, Superior Court Judge Kevin Seibert sided with San Francisco officials who have objected to emptying the reservoir, situated in Yosemite National Park, and restoring the valley it now occupies. (Seibert's decision is \u003ca href=\"#hetchydecision\">embedded below\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restore Hetch Hetchy, the group that sued to shut down Hetch Hetchy, had argued that the dam and reservoir violate \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_10\" target=\"_blank\">Article X, Section 2\u003c/a> of the California Constitution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision, adopted in 1928, requires \"that the water resources of the State be put to beneficial use to the fullest extent of which they are capable, and that the waste or unreasonable use or unreasonable method of use of water be prevented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Seibert ruled in favor of the city of San Francisco, which argued that the Raker Act, the 1913 federal law that authorized the dam and reservoir at Hetch Hetchy, pre-empted the later requirements of state law. Seibert also found the statute of limitations governing the alleged violations of law in the case had expired. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seibert did leave the door slightly ajar for Restore Hetch Hetchy, saying that \"while this Court is unable at this juncture to see how the Petition is capable of being amended to avoid preemption or the statute of limitations,\" he would give the plaintiffs 20 days to revise the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restore Hetch Hetchy sponsored a 2012 ballot measure in San Francisco, Proposition F, that would have required the city to study alternatives to its current water supply system. The measure was defeated with a 77 percent no vote. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Thursday, City Attorney Dennis Herrera said, \"Draining Hetch Hetchy Reservoir is a terrible idea that an overwhelming majority of San Francisco voters rejected. This lawsuit was a bid by the very same advocates to accomplish in a Tuolumne County Courthouse what they couldn’t in a San Francisco election.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restore Hetch Hetchy Executive Director Spreck Rosekrans said he will appeal the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy reservoir is the main component of a system that delivers water from the Tuolumne River to San Francisco, the Peninsula and southern Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"hetchydecision\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/310835682/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-3PGZtoOtjqJGkZVKUmyH&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7737789203084833\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_39149\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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