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This decision is based on whether marijuana, as determined by the FDA, is a safe and effective medicine,\" he said. \"And it's not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is considered a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, alongside heroin and LSD, while other, highly addictive substances including oxycodone and methamphetamine are regulated differently under Schedule II of the law. But marijuana's designation has nothing to do with danger, Rosenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qBtjdjCE6Fxm9Ye0B8rGvnM5mhqVhfnl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the petitioners, Rhode Island Gov. Gina Raimondo, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee and New Mexico nurse practitioner Bryan Krumm, Rosenberg said doctors are responsible for treating patients, but the FDA makes decisions about drug safety: \"Simply put, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of drugs is a highly specialized endeavor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Angell, chairman of Marijuana Majority, said in a statement that the decision was disappointing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama always said he would let science — and not ideology — dictate policy, but in this case his administration is upholding a failed drug war approach instead of looking at real, existing evidence that marijuana has medical value,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Americans support legalization, Angell wrote, and the federal government should at a minimum leave regulatory decisions to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug enforcers insist they are supportive of efforts to advance scientific research on marijuana. The DEA said it has \"never denied\" an application from a researcher to use lawfully produced marijuana in a rigorous medical study, and Rosenberg pointed out that research continues on a variety of subjects, including the effects of smoking marijuana in human subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11048060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Forty-two states and the District of Columbia allow some form of medical marijuana use, but the federal government hasn't taken that step.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11048060\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forty-two states and the District of Columbia allow some form of medical marijuana use, but the federal government hasn't taken that step. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In December 2015, federal authorities said, they made it easier for researchers conducting clinical trials on cannabidiol, a component of marijuana. Some scientists are studying whether the substance can help treat childhood epilepsy. \"That would be a wonderful and welcome development,\" the DEA letter said, \"but we insist that CBD research, or any research, be sound, scientific and rigorous before a product can be authorized for medical use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, federal authorities said, they are increasing the amount of marijuana available for legitimate research. They said they will open up new avenues for more people and institutions to manufacture marijuana for scientific purposes. Currently, the University of Mississippi is the only such site in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As long as folks abide by the rules, and we're going to regulate that, we want to expand the availability, the variety, the type of marijuana available to legitimate researchers,\" Rosenberg said. \"If our understanding of the science changes, that could very well drive a new decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-two states and the District of Columbia allow some form of medical marijuana use, but the federal government has not taken that step despite prodding from federal lawmakers. Last month, the Democratic National Committee endorsed the idea of loosening federal restrictions on marijuana and \"providing a reasoned platform for future legalization\" in its platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, there remain two ways to change the federal government's classification of marijuana: for a host of federal agencies including the DEA and FDA to sign off; or for Congress to pass a law, and for the president to sign it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=DEA+Rejects+Attempt+To+Loosen+Federal+Restrictions+On+Marijuana+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Obama administration has denied a bid by two Democratic governors to reconsider how it treats marijuana under federal drug control laws, keeping the drug for now, at least, in the most restrictive category for U.S. law enforcement purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug Enforcement Administration chief Chuck Rosenberg said Thursday the decision is rooted in science. Rosenberg gave \"enormous weight\" to conclusions by the Food and Drug Administration that marijuana has \"no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States,\" and by some measures, it remains highly vulnerable to abuse as the most commonly used illicit drug across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision isn't based on danger. This decision is based on whether marijuana, as determined by the FDA, is a safe and effective medicine,\" he said. \"And it's not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is considered a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, alongside heroin and LSD, while other, highly addictive substances including oxycodone and methamphetamine are regulated differently under Schedule II of the law. But marijuana's designation has nothing to do with danger, Rosenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the petitioners, Rhode Island Gov. Gina Raimondo, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee and New Mexico nurse practitioner Bryan Krumm, Rosenberg said doctors are responsible for treating patients, but the FDA makes decisions about drug safety: \"Simply put, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of drugs is a highly specialized endeavor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Angell, chairman of Marijuana Majority, said in a statement that the decision was disappointing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama always said he would let science — and not ideology — dictate policy, but in this case his administration is upholding a failed drug war approach instead of looking at real, existing evidence that marijuana has medical value,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Americans support legalization, Angell wrote, and the federal government should at a minimum leave regulatory decisions to the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug enforcers insist they are supportive of efforts to advance scientific research on marijuana. The DEA said it has \"never denied\" an application from a researcher to use lawfully produced marijuana in a rigorous medical study, and Rosenberg pointed out that research continues on a variety of subjects, including the effects of smoking marijuana in human subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11048060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Forty-two states and the District of Columbia allow some form of medical marijuana use, but the federal government hasn't taken that step.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11048060\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/CAPot-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forty-two states and the District of Columbia allow some form of medical marijuana use, but the federal government hasn't taken that step. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In December 2015, federal authorities said, they made it easier for researchers conducting clinical trials on cannabidiol, a component of marijuana. Some scientists are studying whether the substance can help treat childhood epilepsy. \"That would be a wonderful and welcome development,\" the DEA letter said, \"but we insist that CBD research, or any research, be sound, scientific and rigorous before a product can be authorized for medical use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, federal authorities said, they are increasing the amount of marijuana available for legitimate research. They said they will open up new avenues for more people and institutions to manufacture marijuana for scientific purposes. Currently, the University of Mississippi is the only such site in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As long as folks abide by the rules, and we're going to regulate that, we want to expand the availability, the variety, the type of marijuana available to legitimate researchers,\" Rosenberg said. \"If our understanding of the science changes, that could very well drive a new decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-two states and the District of Columbia allow some form of medical marijuana use, but the federal government has not taken that step despite prodding from federal lawmakers. Last month, the Democratic National Committee endorsed the idea of loosening federal restrictions on marijuana and \"providing a reasoned platform for future legalization\" in its platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, there remain two ways to change the federal government's classification of marijuana: for a host of federal agencies including the DEA and FDA to sign off; or for Congress to pass a law, and for the president to sign it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=DEA+Rejects+Attempt+To+Loosen+Federal+Restrictions+On+Marijuana+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Until recently, strolling through a California forest meant walking in dappled light along a path strewn with leaves or pine needles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But across the state, once-towering pines have collapsed, their desiccated limbs sprawled across forest floors. Toppled oak and tanoak trees, their trunks bleeding, decomposing from the inside out, litter the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choked with the detritus of at least 70 million dead trees, vast tracts of the landscape have become a botanical emergency room, parched by drought, invaded by damaging insects and infected with a deadly organism that may have piggybacked its way to the state on rhododendron leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many communities of the central and southern Sierra Nevada range, “80 percent of trees are dead,” said Ken Pimlott, the state’s top forester as director of Cal Fire, the state forestry and fire-protection agency. “There will be no conifers [there] when this is done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We are literally one spark away from catastrophic fire in these tree mortality areas.’\u003ccite>Ken Pimlott, Cal Fire\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The catastrophic tree loss has taken out 66 million pines and other conifers and more than 5 million oak trees and tanoaks, which are relatives in the beech family. Nearly 60 million more water-starved trees are teetering. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dead and distressed woodlands represent a small fraction of the state’s billions of trees. But the problem is acute because large concentrations of trees — hundreds of acres of forest — are being wiped out. And experts expect the situation to worsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that until they learn more about oak disease, or the drought eases, what is now a botanical calamity threatens to become an environmental disaster:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dead and dying trees are exceptionally flammable, amplifying an already severe wildfire threat after five years of drought.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Treeless slopes foster soil erosion, perilous landslides and a loss of essential watersheds. More than 60 percent of the state’s water originates in the hard-hit Sierra.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Forests absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and long-term tree loss could set back the state’s battle against climate change.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>When trees burn and decay, they release “black carbon,” a highly destructive emission many thousand times more polluting than other greenhouse gases. A wildfire around Yosemite National Park in 2013 discharged as much carbon as 2.3 million cars emit in a year, state officials say.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_912265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-912265\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"Dave Rizzo, a professor at UC Davis, walks through an area of trees dead from the effects of sudden oak death near Inverness, Calif. \" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-400x257.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-768x494.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-1440x927.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-1920x1236.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-1180x759.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Rizzo, a professor at UC Davis, walks through an area of trees dead from the effects of sudden oak death near Inverness, Calif. \u003ccite>( Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The problem is playing out mostly along California’s edges. Coast-hugging oaks are dying from Monterey County north to Humboldt County. Pines and other conifers, dried by drought and attacked by bark beetles, are failing along the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B07BADv7t15JUGl5dVl2a2wtOHc/view\">eastern spine\u003c/a> from northern Los Angeles County to the Oregon border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never experienced a change and impact at this scale,” said Pimlott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders are paying attention. Gov. Jerry Brown has declared a state of emergency. More than 80 federal, state and local agencies, electric utilities and other organizations have formed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/treetaskforce/\">Tree Mortality Task Force\u003c/a>, co-chaired by Pimlott, to combat the problem. Another \u003ca href=\"http://www.suddenoakdeath.org/\">group\u003c/a> is grappling with what has been called “sudden oak death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some aspects of the problem are not new. Drought has ravaged the state before. Insects have been opportunistically attacking weakened trees for hundreds of years. Disease takes hold. Trees die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the current convergence of drought, bark beetles and oak disease is changing ecosystems enough that scientists cannot say when the tree population might be restored. In addition to the millions of oaks that have died since the mid-2000s, an unknown number may have the disease, and infected oaks can take two to five years to exhibit signs of trouble. [contextly_sidebar id=”WznzxFbrnM2angWaEyL24Eecd4eB66vj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the disease is confined to 15 of California’s 58 counties, their nursery products quarantined to help prevent further spread. Scientists believe sudden oak death, or \u003cem>Phytophthora ramorum\u003c/em>, was brought to California on plants from commercial nurseries elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the die-off of pines and other conifers is occurring on a scale unprecedented in recent times, those trees evolved along with invasive insects, and healthy ones have the capacity to fight off attacks. When the drought eventually ends, pines are likely to come back, experts say, but even that is not fully understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oak trees have no natural defense against the mold destroying them – it was identified in the state only about a decade ago — although not all infected oaks die. The question is whether, and how many, oaks can return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_912268\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-912268\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-800x949.jpg\" alt='\"Bleeding\" bark is one sign of sudden oak death. ' width=\"800\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-800x949.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-400x475.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-768x911.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-1440x1708.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-1920x2278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-1180x1400.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-960x1139.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Bleeding” bark is one sign of sudden oak death. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Already researchers are seeing diseased oak stands replaced by chaparral and other fast-growing flora. Tanoaks, scientists say, bear the brunt of the epidemic and may not come back at all or, like the chestnut trees that once flourished in the United States, may ultimately become shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseased oaks were first observed in the state in 1995, in Marin and Santa Cruz counties. Much of the damage didn’t show up until years later, and officials didn’t recognize the potential for the current epidemic. That may have allowed sudden oak death to gain a stranglehold in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of state agencies, county crews and public utilities are removing dead and diseased trees around power lines, roads, bridges and other infrastructure where they might pose a hazard to public safety. The U.S. Forest Service, which manages much of California’s pine forest, has been cutting down dead trees, clearing debris from recreation sites and roads and taking other measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire and other agencies are carting away trees and limbs in places where thousands of dead pines and oaks still stand near homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are literally one spark away from catastrophic fire in these tree mortality areas,” Pimlott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners and pest control specialists are spraying or injecting oaks with a chemical concoction aimed at helping them fight infection, hoping to keep the disease at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That kind of labor-intensive work is not practical on a forest-wide scale, and aerial spraying of chemicals would likely be unacceptable and ineffective\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the pathogen’s spread is accelerating, despite California’s drought, because many of the affected oaks are in coastal areas with damper climates. Researchers are documenting the advancing destruction and looking for ways to protect still-healthy portions of California’s 32 million forested acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters is a non-profit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Until recently, strolling through a California forest meant walking in dappled light along a path strewn with leaves or pine needles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But across the state, once-towering pines have collapsed, their desiccated limbs sprawled across forest floors. Toppled oak and tanoak trees, their trunks bleeding, decomposing from the inside out, litter the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choked with the detritus of at least 70 million dead trees, vast tracts of the landscape have become a botanical emergency room, parched by drought, invaded by damaging insects and infected with a deadly organism that may have piggybacked its way to the state on rhododendron leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many communities of the central and southern Sierra Nevada range, “80 percent of trees are dead,” said Ken Pimlott, the state’s top forester as director of Cal Fire, the state forestry and fire-protection agency. “There will be no conifers [there] when this is done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We are literally one spark away from catastrophic fire in these tree mortality areas.’\u003ccite>Ken Pimlott, Cal Fire\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The catastrophic tree loss has taken out 66 million pines and other conifers and more than 5 million oak trees and tanoaks, which are relatives in the beech family. Nearly 60 million more water-starved trees are teetering. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dead and distressed woodlands represent a small fraction of the state’s billions of trees. But the problem is acute because large concentrations of trees — hundreds of acres of forest — are being wiped out. And experts expect the situation to worsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that until they learn more about oak disease, or the drought eases, what is now a botanical calamity threatens to become an environmental disaster:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dead and dying trees are exceptionally flammable, amplifying an already severe wildfire threat after five years of drought.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Treeless slopes foster soil erosion, perilous landslides and a loss of essential watersheds. More than 60 percent of the state’s water originates in the hard-hit Sierra.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Forests absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and long-term tree loss could set back the state’s battle against climate change.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>When trees burn and decay, they release “black carbon,” a highly destructive emission many thousand times more polluting than other greenhouse gases. A wildfire around Yosemite National Park in 2013 discharged as much carbon as 2.3 million cars emit in a year, state officials say.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_912265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-912265\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"Dave Rizzo, a professor at UC Davis, walks through an area of trees dead from the effects of sudden oak death near Inverness, Calif. \" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-400x257.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-768x494.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-1440x927.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-1920x1236.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-1180x759.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Rizzo2-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Rizzo, a professor at UC Davis, walks through an area of trees dead from the effects of sudden oak death near Inverness, Calif. \u003ccite>( Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The problem is playing out mostly along California’s edges. Coast-hugging oaks are dying from Monterey County north to Humboldt County. Pines and other conifers, dried by drought and attacked by bark beetles, are failing along the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B07BADv7t15JUGl5dVl2a2wtOHc/view\">eastern spine\u003c/a> from northern Los Angeles County to the Oregon border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never experienced a change and impact at this scale,” said Pimlott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders are paying attention. Gov. Jerry Brown has declared a state of emergency. More than 80 federal, state and local agencies, electric utilities and other organizations have formed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/treetaskforce/\">Tree Mortality Task Force\u003c/a>, co-chaired by Pimlott, to combat the problem. Another \u003ca href=\"http://www.suddenoakdeath.org/\">group\u003c/a> is grappling with what has been called “sudden oak death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some aspects of the problem are not new. Drought has ravaged the state before. Insects have been opportunistically attacking weakened trees for hundreds of years. Disease takes hold. Trees die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the current convergence of drought, bark beetles and oak disease is changing ecosystems enough that scientists cannot say when the tree population might be restored. In addition to the millions of oaks that have died since the mid-2000s, an unknown number may have the disease, and infected oaks can take two to five years to exhibit signs of trouble. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the disease is confined to 15 of California’s 58 counties, their nursery products quarantined to help prevent further spread. Scientists believe sudden oak death, or \u003cem>Phytophthora ramorum\u003c/em>, was brought to California on plants from commercial nurseries elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the die-off of pines and other conifers is occurring on a scale unprecedented in recent times, those trees evolved along with invasive insects, and healthy ones have the capacity to fight off attacks. When the drought eventually ends, pines are likely to come back, experts say, but even that is not fully understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oak trees have no natural defense against the mold destroying them – it was identified in the state only about a decade ago — although not all infected oaks die. The question is whether, and how many, oaks can return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_912268\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-912268\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-800x949.jpg\" alt='\"Bleeding\" bark is one sign of sudden oak death. ' width=\"800\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-800x949.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-400x475.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-768x911.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-1440x1708.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-1920x2278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-1180x1400.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/bleeding-bark-960x1139.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Bleeding” bark is one sign of sudden oak death. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Already researchers are seeing diseased oak stands replaced by chaparral and other fast-growing flora. Tanoaks, scientists say, bear the brunt of the epidemic and may not come back at all or, like the chestnut trees that once flourished in the United States, may ultimately become shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseased oaks were first observed in the state in 1995, in Marin and Santa Cruz counties. Much of the damage didn’t show up until years later, and officials didn’t recognize the potential for the current epidemic. That may have allowed sudden oak death to gain a stranglehold in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of state agencies, county crews and public utilities are removing dead and diseased trees around power lines, roads, bridges and other infrastructure where they might pose a hazard to public safety. The U.S. Forest Service, which manages much of California’s pine forest, has been cutting down dead trees, clearing debris from recreation sites and roads and taking other measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire and other agencies are carting away trees and limbs in places where thousands of dead pines and oaks still stand near homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are literally one spark away from catastrophic fire in these tree mortality areas,” Pimlott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners and pest control specialists are spraying or injecting oaks with a chemical concoction aimed at helping them fight infection, hoping to keep the disease at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That kind of labor-intensive work is not practical on a forest-wide scale, and aerial spraying of chemicals would likely be unacceptable and ineffective\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the pathogen’s spread is accelerating, despite California’s drought, because many of the affected oaks are in coastal areas with damper climates. Researchers are documenting the advancing destruction and looking for ways to protect still-healthy portions of California’s 32 million forested acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A study of drinking water supplies throughout the U.S. shows that numerous sources are contaminated with firefighting chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of scientists examined government data from thousands of public drinking water supplies. The water samples had been collected by the federal Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”IBUZE4uCTvjszyvvI2JFO398WFpH8Akq”]The scientists were looking for several types of chemicals from a class of fluorinated substances used commonly in firefighting foam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found significant amounts of one chemical in 66 water supplies. Two other versions of the chemicals showed up in nearly 200 supplies. In some cases the level was barely above the maximum allowable limit set by the government. Others were far higher. The researchers say some 6 million people in 14 states are served by these water sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemicals showed up more often near sites where these firefighting chemicals are common, such as airports or military bases. “During firefighting practice drills,” says Arlene Blum, a study co-author from the University of California Berkeley, “large volumes of these chemicals wash into surface and ground waters and can end up in our drinking water.” They are also found often near sites where the chemicals are manufactured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These chemicals, called poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, have been in use for decades and are very persistent once they’re out in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in Environmental Science and Technology Letters, did not determine people’s actual exposure to the chemicals. And the amounts found in most cases were very low. But the chemicals have been linked to cancer, low birth weight in children born to women who are exposed, and hormonal changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Federal+Data+Shows+Firefighting+Chemicals+In+U.S.+Drinking+Water+Sources&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A study of drinking water supplies throughout the U.S. shows that numerous sources are contaminated with firefighting chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of scientists examined government data from thousands of public drinking water supplies. The water samples had been collected by the federal Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The scientists were looking for several types of chemicals from a class of fluorinated substances used commonly in firefighting foam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found significant amounts of one chemical in 66 water supplies. Two other versions of the chemicals showed up in nearly 200 supplies. In some cases the level was barely above the maximum allowable limit set by the government. Others were far higher. The researchers say some 6 million people in 14 states are served by these water sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemicals showed up more often near sites where these firefighting chemicals are common, such as airports or military bases. “During firefighting practice drills,” says Arlene Blum, a study co-author from the University of California Berkeley, “large volumes of these chemicals wash into surface and ground waters and can end up in our drinking water.” They are also found often near sites where the chemicals are manufactured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These chemicals, called poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, have been in use for decades and are very persistent once they’re out in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in Environmental Science and Technology Letters, did not determine people’s actual exposure to the chemicals. And the amounts found in most cases were very low. But the chemicals have been linked to cancer, low birth weight in children born to women who are exposed, and hormonal changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Federal+Data+Shows+Firefighting+Chemicals+In+U.S.+Drinking+Water+Sources&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "5.1 Quake Shakes Lake County; No Damage or Injuries",
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"content": "\u003cp>NICE, Lake County — A magnitude 5.1 earthquake rattled the country north of Clear Lake on Tuesday evening but caused no damage or injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72672610#executive\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> the quake struck at 7:57 p.m. PDT Tuesday. The epicenter was in rural Lake County, about 110 miles north-northwest of downtown San Francisco. Two small aftershocks of 2.7 and 3.0 shook the area about 30 minutes after the initial quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lake County Sheriff's Office said it had received no reports of damage or injuries. Residents and business owners in the region reported swaying light fixtures and scared pets, but no damage or injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We felt it,\" said Chris Goad, a bartender at the Old World Tavern in Lakeport, near the epicenter. \"The pictures swayed on the wall, but it wasn't super-duper strong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents over a wide area, from the Mendocino and Sonoma coast through Lake County to the northern Sacramento Valley, \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72672610#dyfi\" target=\"_blank\">reported feeling the shake\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NICE, Lake County — A magnitude 5.1 earthquake rattled the country north of Clear Lake on Tuesday evening but caused no damage or injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72672610#executive\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> the quake struck at 7:57 p.m. PDT Tuesday. The epicenter was in rural Lake County, about 110 miles north-northwest of downtown San Francisco. Two small aftershocks of 2.7 and 3.0 shook the area about 30 minutes after the initial quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lake County Sheriff's Office said it had received no reports of damage or injuries. Residents and business owners in the region reported swaying light fixtures and scared pets, but no damage or injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We felt it,\" said Chris Goad, a bartender at the Old World Tavern in Lakeport, near the epicenter. \"The pictures swayed on the wall, but it wasn't super-duper strong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents over a wide area, from the Mendocino and Sonoma coast through Lake County to the northern Sacramento Valley, \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72672610#dyfi\" target=\"_blank\">reported feeling the shake\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal jury found PG&E guilty on 6 of 12 criminal charges, including obstruction of justice, for their role in the deadly pipeline blast almost six years ago that\u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/08/five-years-after-deadly-san-bruno-explosion-are-we-safer/\"> killed eight people\u003c/a>, injured dozens more and destroyed 38 homes in San Bruno. The company was fined $3 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/02/pge-guilty-criminal-charges-San-Bruno/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/02/pge-guilty-criminal-charges-San-Bruno/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"PG&E Found Guilty of Obstruction of Justice in Deadly San Bruno Blast\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal jury found PG&E guilty on 6 of 12 criminal charges, including obstruction of justice, for their role in the deadly pipeline blast almost six years ago that\u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/08/five-years-after-deadly-san-bruno-explosion-are-we-safer/\"> killed eight people\u003c/a>, injured dozens more and destroyed 38 homes in San Bruno. The company was fined $3 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/02/pge-guilty-criminal-charges-San-Bruno/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/02/pge-guilty-criminal-charges-San-Bruno/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"PG&E Found Guilty of Obstruction of Justice in Deadly San Bruno Blast\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Firefighters' Families Weather Long California Wildfire Seasons",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sand-fire/\" target=\"_blank\">Sand Fire\u003c/a> struck, 19 fire crews trekked into the forest to subdue the flames. U.S. Forest Service Hotshots sling hatchets, shoulder 45-pound packs and often leave their families for weeks at a time during fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/277383617\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The schedule is grueling: 14 days on, two days off for a season that can last from May to January. Hotshots stop the spread of wildfires by cutting away foliage, creating an earth barrier called a dozer line. After the blaze is contained, they stick around to mop up the mess. Then they're often dispatched to the next fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Sand Fire blazed, I spent some time with three families waiting for their Hotshots to come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Who wouldn’t get worried?'\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Sometimes I don’t even recognize him because he is covered in smoke and dirt and hasn’t showered in two weeks,” said Rachel Powers. Her husband, Anthony Powers, had only two minutes to FaceTime his wife and their infant son before continuing his 16-hour workday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work can be dangerous. A few years back, Powers’ husband called her from the hospital, saying it was a scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11044981\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11044981 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-800x1165.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel and Anthony Powers with their baby Elvis. Anthony missed his first Father's Day because of a firefighting shift. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1165\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-800x1165.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-400x583.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-1180x1719.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-960x1399.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel and Anthony Powers with their baby, Elvis. Anthony missed his first Father's Day because of a firefighting shift. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Powers family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My heart dropped,” Powers said. She raced to the hospital and learned a fallen tree cut away part of his ear and left him with a big scar on the back of his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month later, he returned to fighting flames, saving homes and forests. Fire season still arrives with a gnawing fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If their husband was a police officer or firefighter, doing any dangerous job, who wouldn’t get worried?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Like being a single mom'\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA stressful fire season is often made easier by the tight bonds formed by Hotshot families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I said goodbye to Powers at the family’s West Hills home, we discovered that my next stop was to the home of the Powers' close family friends, the Davidsons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Z. Davidson is one of the few female Hotshots. She fought fires for seven years, often alongside Matt Davidson. At first, he didn’t like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He actually tried getting me fired,” she giggled. “There was already a girl on the crew.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she proved tough, and amid fallen trees they fell for each other. After they married, Davidson found herself facing a choice: firefighting or family. Her son is now a year and half old, and Davidson is sitting this fire season out on maternity leave with a second child three months away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not realistic to be mother on a Hotshot crew,” she said. “And, to have both parents gone all the time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phone rings and baby Royce toddles over to it, shouting “da-da, da-da.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With fire season lasting several months, Davidson said, most of the child care and chores fall on the spouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s like being a single mom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"I don’t even tell my kids, 'Oh, Daddy is coming home from the fire' \"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hotshots bounce from fire to fire: It's anyone’s guess which of the more than 150 national forests will set ablaze next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11044978\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11044978\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-800x1014.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Huston, superintendent of Laguna Interagency Hotshot Crew with the U.S. Forest Service, grabs his children Thomas, 7, and Hannah, 3. Hotshot crews can spend weeks at a time away from their families.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1014\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-800x1014.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-400x507.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-1180x1495.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-960x1217.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Huston, superintendent of Laguna Interagency Hotshot Crew with the U.S. Forest Service, grabs his children, Thomas, 7, and Hannah, 3. Hotshot crews can spend weeks at a time away from their families. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Jim Huston)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trish Huston monitors fires on a scanner at the family’s home on a fire station in the rural mountain town of Descanso in San Diego County. Her husband, Jim Huston, recently returned home for lunch after working on a local fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course my daughter was jumping all over him, so excited,\" Huston said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she's learned to guess when her husband will be called out by watching for the signs of a growing fire. Sure enough, after they cleared their plates, the call to the Sand Fire came in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was kind of a bummer,” she said. “Because it’s like, ‘Aww, man. We were going to BBQ steaks.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steaks went into the freezer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple has been married 20 years, and Huston said she can’t count the number of fires they’ve endured as a family. She started a blog, \u003ca href=\"http://wildlandfirefighterwives.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-sister-hood-of-wildland-firefighter.html\">Wildland Firefighter Wives\u003c/a>, where she's posted a \u003ca href=\"http://wildlandfirefighterwives.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-hotshot-prayer.html\">Hotshot prayer\u003c/a> and asked other families to share their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we chat, her cellphone rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My husband’s calling me real quick -- hold on,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the phone, Huston’s husband says a vendor set up a shop selling commemorative Sand Fire T-shirts -- did she want one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t care what color. I just don’t like pink,” I heard her tell him, and she listed the sizes of both their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hoped he would soon be on his way home, T-shirts in hand. But she knows that just because the fire is contained, the work doesn’t stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t even tell my kids, ‘Oh, Daddy is coming home from the fire,’ because a lot can happen between getting released from the fire and actually making it home,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, he hasn't made it home yet. He got called to a fire near Big Sur. Those steaks in the freezer, Huston said, will have to wait another week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sand-fire/\" target=\"_blank\">Sand Fire\u003c/a> struck, 19 fire crews trekked into the forest to subdue the flames. U.S. Forest Service Hotshots sling hatchets, shoulder 45-pound packs and often leave their families for weeks at a time during fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/277383617&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/277383617'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The schedule is grueling: 14 days on, two days off for a season that can last from May to January. Hotshots stop the spread of wildfires by cutting away foliage, creating an earth barrier called a dozer line. After the blaze is contained, they stick around to mop up the mess. Then they're often dispatched to the next fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Sand Fire blazed, I spent some time with three families waiting for their Hotshots to come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Who wouldn’t get worried?'\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Sometimes I don’t even recognize him because he is covered in smoke and dirt and hasn’t showered in two weeks,” said Rachel Powers. Her husband, Anthony Powers, had only two minutes to FaceTime his wife and their infant son before continuing his 16-hour workday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work can be dangerous. A few years back, Powers’ husband called her from the hospital, saying it was a scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11044981\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11044981 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-800x1165.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel and Anthony Powers with their baby Elvis. Anthony missed his first Father's Day because of a firefighting shift. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1165\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-800x1165.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-400x583.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-1180x1719.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Powers-960x1399.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel and Anthony Powers with their baby, Elvis. Anthony missed his first Father's Day because of a firefighting shift. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Powers family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My heart dropped,” Powers said. She raced to the hospital and learned a fallen tree cut away part of his ear and left him with a big scar on the back of his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month later, he returned to fighting flames, saving homes and forests. Fire season still arrives with a gnawing fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If their husband was a police officer or firefighter, doing any dangerous job, who wouldn’t get worried?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Like being a single mom'\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA stressful fire season is often made easier by the tight bonds formed by Hotshot families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I said goodbye to Powers at the family’s West Hills home, we discovered that my next stop was to the home of the Powers' close family friends, the Davidsons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Z. Davidson is one of the few female Hotshots. She fought fires for seven years, often alongside Matt Davidson. At first, he didn’t like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He actually tried getting me fired,” she giggled. “There was already a girl on the crew.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she proved tough, and amid fallen trees they fell for each other. After they married, Davidson found herself facing a choice: firefighting or family. Her son is now a year and half old, and Davidson is sitting this fire season out on maternity leave with a second child three months away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not realistic to be mother on a Hotshot crew,” she said. “And, to have both parents gone all the time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phone rings and baby Royce toddles over to it, shouting “da-da, da-da.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With fire season lasting several months, Davidson said, most of the child care and chores fall on the spouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s like being a single mom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"I don’t even tell my kids, 'Oh, Daddy is coming home from the fire' \"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hotshots bounce from fire to fire: It's anyone’s guess which of the more than 150 national forests will set ablaze next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11044978\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11044978\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-800x1014.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Huston, superintendent of Laguna Interagency Hotshot Crew with the U.S. Forest Service, grabs his children Thomas, 7, and Hannah, 3. Hotshot crews can spend weeks at a time away from their families.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1014\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-800x1014.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-400x507.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-1180x1495.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Huston-960x1217.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Huston, superintendent of Laguna Interagency Hotshot Crew with the U.S. Forest Service, grabs his children, Thomas, 7, and Hannah, 3. Hotshot crews can spend weeks at a time away from their families. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Jim Huston)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trish Huston monitors fires on a scanner at the family’s home on a fire station in the rural mountain town of Descanso in San Diego County. Her husband, Jim Huston, recently returned home for lunch after working on a local fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course my daughter was jumping all over him, so excited,\" Huston said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she's learned to guess when her husband will be called out by watching for the signs of a growing fire. Sure enough, after they cleared their plates, the call to the Sand Fire came in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was kind of a bummer,” she said. “Because it’s like, ‘Aww, man. We were going to BBQ steaks.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steaks went into the freezer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple has been married 20 years, and Huston said she can’t count the number of fires they’ve endured as a family. She started a blog, \u003ca href=\"http://wildlandfirefighterwives.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-sister-hood-of-wildland-firefighter.html\">Wildland Firefighter Wives\u003c/a>, where she's posted a \u003ca href=\"http://wildlandfirefighterwives.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-hotshot-prayer.html\">Hotshot prayer\u003c/a> and asked other families to share their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we chat, her cellphone rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My husband’s calling me real quick -- hold on,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the phone, Huston’s husband says a vendor set up a shop selling commemorative Sand Fire T-shirts -- did she want one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t care what color. I just don’t like pink,” I heard her tell him, and she listed the sizes of both their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hoped he would soon be on his way home, T-shirts in hand. But she knows that just because the fire is contained, the work doesn’t stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t even tell my kids, ‘Oh, Daddy is coming home from the fire,’ because a lot can happen between getting released from the fire and actually making it home,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, he hasn't made it home yet. He got called to a fire near Big Sur. Those steaks in the freezer, Huston said, will have to wait another week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "National Parks Have Some Work to Do to Become ‘Parks for All’",
"headTitle": "National Parks Have Some Work to Do to Become ‘Parks for All’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Olive Tambou was shaking when she set up her tent for the first time, on a middle school field trip in Yosemite. She was terrified bears might visit her overnight, but camping beneath massive pine trees changed her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved being outdoors,” Tambou says with a huge smile. “It felt natural, really good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”rJWy0QcvIz0xWUmjJRl1Oz84K4T4jvnz”]Tambou is originally from Cameroon in Central Africa, and her family traditionally doesn’t spend much time outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she takes a bus twice a week from her home in Visitacion Valley to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). Walking along the San Francisco Bay shoreline at Crissy Field, Tambou says she doesn’t mind the three-hour round trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love going to parks!” Tambou exclaims, as she spreads her arms to the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s part of a high school \u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/learn/youth/leadership/iyel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">internship program\u003c/a> designed to inspire people of many ethnic identities to care about national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Our Green Spaces Are Still So White\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, our country’s most scenic parks and cultural monuments drew more than 300 million visitors, but most of them fell in the U.S. census category of “White, non-Hispanic.” The most recent nationwide visitor \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.nps.gov/socialscience/docs/CompSurvey2008_2009RaceEthnicity.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> in 2009 showed that only one in five tourists was a person of color. Yet the nation is about twice that diverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-900386\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop.png\" alt=\"Diversity_Desktop\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-400x255.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-800x510.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-768x489.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-1440x917.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-1180x752.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-960x612.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-900387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Mobile.png\" alt=\"Diversity_Mobile\" width=\"750\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Mobile.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Mobile-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t feel a sense of connection,” says \u003ca href=\"http://userwww.sfsu.edu/nroberts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nina Roberts\u003c/a>, professor at San Francisco State University. “They just don’t feel that relationship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts researches race and culture in outdoor recreation. She says the parks have struggled to welcome people of all backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Parks For All,’ ‘Parks Forever,’ ‘America’s Best Idea’ — a lot of those are clichés in minority communities,” says Roberts, “because they’re still trying to figure out, ‘Okay, I hear that, but I’m not seeing the changes.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts says the parks \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2015/03/26/national-park-service-director-on-the-future-of-americas-parks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">need to make changes\u003c/a> that would show people of all backgrounds they’re welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service does preserve places that are historically and culturally significant to many peoples. Think of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/cech/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">birthplace of the farmworker movement\u003c/a> in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/azru/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aztec ruins \u003c/a>in New Mexico, and an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/afbg/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">African burial ground\u003c/a> in Manhattan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_895965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3824px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-895965\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers.jpg\" alt=\"Park rangers explain flora and fauna at Chrissy Field to a group of visitors from the Mission District who took free shuttles to Chrissy Field. \" width=\"3824\" height=\"2868\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers.jpg 3824w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3824px) 100vw, 3824px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Park rangers explain flora and fauna at Crissy Field to a group of visitors from the Mission District who took free shuttles to Crissy Field. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But across the system, most park employees are Caucasian. The uniforms make rangers look like immigration officials. And, Roberts says, many African-Americans, particularly elders, fear the outdoors and carry the scars of slavery and lynchings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What people do for leisure, historically, was not spending time in the outdoors,” Roberts says, “because they worked in the outdoors or they were killed in the outdoors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Parks for City People\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park Service leaders are aware of these barriers and, since the 1970s, they’ve been trying, somewhat unsuccessfully it appears, to increase diversity to catch up with the country’s shifting demographics. During that decade, Congress created the country’s first urban parks — GGNRA was one of them — and one goal was to attract minorities and low-income people to parks that were closer to cities, so people didn’t have to travel for hours to experience a national park.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘What people do for leisure, historically, was not spending time in the outdoors, because they worked in the outdoors or they were killed in the outdoors.’\u003ccite>Nina Roberts, San Francisco State University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We have got to bring the natural world back to the people,” said Interior Secretary Walter Hickel in 1970, “rather than have them live in an environment where everything is paved over with concrete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime San Francisco activist Amy Meyer remembers a heated Sierra Club meeting one night in the early 1970s, when a woman from Chinatown spoke confidently to the group of white activists discussing land preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meyer says the woman told them, “‘Look if you don’t get the people from Chinatown to understand what you’re talking about, the next generation is going to pave over Yosemite.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 27, 1972 Congress established both the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and the Gateway National Recreation Area in New York City. It was the beginning of a wave of urban parks, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/samo/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Monica Mountains\u003c/a> in greater Los Angeles, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/cuva/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cuyahoga Valley\u003c/a> near Cleveland. Today you can visit a national park site in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/urban/upload/UrbanAgenda_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">40 of the country’s 50 \u003c/a>most populated cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Strategies to Lure New Visitors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years the Park Service has tried numerous outreach programs such as summer camps and free days, designed to attract people of color. Currently, GGNRA is offering free shuttles to the park every Saturday from designated libraries in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the parks have stumbled occasionally in their outreach. For example, youth programs used to accept students on a first-come, first-served basis. So for years, the programs filled with white kids from private schools who had savvy parents. In another example, inner city kids are often recruited for beach clean-ups. So their first experience with the outdoors is picking up someone else’s trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are subtle ways the park has discriminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a local park here in Washington D.C., for a time, the only signs in Spanish were “No drinking allowed in the park,'” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.npca.org/people/alan-spears\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Spears\u003c/a>, director of cultural resources with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Parks Conservation Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_895963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-895963\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis.jpg\" alt=\"Youth intership camping trip at Point Reyes, CA. From left to right: Lurleen Frazier, Sarah Hoang, Olive Tambou, Stela Zouradakis\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis.jpg 3264w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3264px) 100vw, 3264px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Youth intership camping trip at Point Reyes, CA. From left to right: Lurleen Frazier, Sarah Hoang, Olive Tambou, Stela Zouradakis \u003ccite>(Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Securing the Parks’ Futures\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spears says the marketing to people of color hasn’t worked. The message has to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we say to them is not, ‘We’ve got a cure for your crappy life with National Parks,’” says Spears. “But rather, ‘We’ve got a park system. It’s increasingly relevant to you and your community and, boy, we really need your help.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Help in protecting the park’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2050 whites will no longer be the U.S. majority. So Spears says minority votes will be increasingly important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every session of Congress,” he says, “we get someone who thinks it would be a good idea to sell off a portion of a national park in order to put up an outlet mall or something else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just votes to preserve wild lands. It’s votes to preserve the places that tell the stories of all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the NPS has published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2011/08/national-park-service-issues-5-year-call-action-plan-moving-toward-its-second-century8687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Call to Action\u003c/a> which outlines priorities for the organization’s future. It states: “In our second century, we will fully represent our nation’s ethnically and culturally diverse communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th year, we look at challenges facing the parks over the next century.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Olive Tambou was shaking when she set up her tent for the first time, on a middle school field trip in Yosemite. She was terrified bears might visit her overnight, but camping beneath massive pine trees changed her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved being outdoors,” Tambou says with a huge smile. “It felt natural, really good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Tambou is originally from Cameroon in Central Africa, and her family traditionally doesn’t spend much time outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she takes a bus twice a week from her home in Visitacion Valley to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). Walking along the San Francisco Bay shoreline at Crissy Field, Tambou says she doesn’t mind the three-hour round trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love going to parks!” Tambou exclaims, as she spreads her arms to the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s part of a high school \u003ca href=\"http://www.parksconservancy.org/learn/youth/leadership/iyel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">internship program\u003c/a> designed to inspire people of many ethnic identities to care about national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Our Green Spaces Are Still So White\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, our country’s most scenic parks and cultural monuments drew more than 300 million visitors, but most of them fell in the U.S. census category of “White, non-Hispanic.” The most recent nationwide visitor \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.nps.gov/socialscience/docs/CompSurvey2008_2009RaceEthnicity.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> in 2009 showed that only one in five tourists was a person of color. Yet the nation is about twice that diverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-900386\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop.png\" alt=\"Diversity_Desktop\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-400x255.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-800x510.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-768x489.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-1440x917.png 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-1180x752.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Desktop-960x612.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-900387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Mobile.png\" alt=\"Diversity_Mobile\" width=\"750\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Mobile.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Diversity_Mobile-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t feel a sense of connection,” says \u003ca href=\"http://userwww.sfsu.edu/nroberts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nina Roberts\u003c/a>, professor at San Francisco State University. “They just don’t feel that relationship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts researches race and culture in outdoor recreation. She says the parks have struggled to welcome people of all backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Parks For All,’ ‘Parks Forever,’ ‘America’s Best Idea’ — a lot of those are clichés in minority communities,” says Roberts, “because they’re still trying to figure out, ‘Okay, I hear that, but I’m not seeing the changes.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts says the parks \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2015/03/26/national-park-service-director-on-the-future-of-americas-parks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">need to make changes\u003c/a> that would show people of all backgrounds they’re welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service does preserve places that are historically and culturally significant to many peoples. Think of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/cech/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">birthplace of the farmworker movement\u003c/a> in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/azru/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aztec ruins \u003c/a>in New Mexico, and an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/afbg/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">African burial ground\u003c/a> in Manhattan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_895965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3824px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-895965\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers.jpg\" alt=\"Park rangers explain flora and fauna at Chrissy Field to a group of visitors from the Mission District who took free shuttles to Chrissy Field. \" width=\"3824\" height=\"2868\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers.jpg 3824w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/nat-parks-rangers-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3824px) 100vw, 3824px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Park rangers explain flora and fauna at Crissy Field to a group of visitors from the Mission District who took free shuttles to Crissy Field. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But across the system, most park employees are Caucasian. The uniforms make rangers look like immigration officials. And, Roberts says, many African-Americans, particularly elders, fear the outdoors and carry the scars of slavery and lynchings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What people do for leisure, historically, was not spending time in the outdoors,” Roberts says, “because they worked in the outdoors or they were killed in the outdoors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Parks for City People\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park Service leaders are aware of these barriers and, since the 1970s, they’ve been trying, somewhat unsuccessfully it appears, to increase diversity to catch up with the country’s shifting demographics. During that decade, Congress created the country’s first urban parks — GGNRA was one of them — and one goal was to attract minorities and low-income people to parks that were closer to cities, so people didn’t have to travel for hours to experience a national park.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘What people do for leisure, historically, was not spending time in the outdoors, because they worked in the outdoors or they were killed in the outdoors.’\u003ccite>Nina Roberts, San Francisco State University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We have got to bring the natural world back to the people,” said Interior Secretary Walter Hickel in 1970, “rather than have them live in an environment where everything is paved over with concrete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime San Francisco activist Amy Meyer remembers a heated Sierra Club meeting one night in the early 1970s, when a woman from Chinatown spoke confidently to the group of white activists discussing land preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meyer says the woman told them, “‘Look if you don’t get the people from Chinatown to understand what you’re talking about, the next generation is going to pave over Yosemite.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 27, 1972 Congress established both the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and the Gateway National Recreation Area in New York City. It was the beginning of a wave of urban parks, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/samo/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Monica Mountains\u003c/a> in greater Los Angeles, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/cuva/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cuyahoga Valley\u003c/a> near Cleveland. Today you can visit a national park site in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/urban/upload/UrbanAgenda_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">40 of the country’s 50 \u003c/a>most populated cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Strategies to Lure New Visitors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years the Park Service has tried numerous outreach programs such as summer camps and free days, designed to attract people of color. Currently, GGNRA is offering free shuttles to the park every Saturday from designated libraries in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the parks have stumbled occasionally in their outreach. For example, youth programs used to accept students on a first-come, first-served basis. So for years, the programs filled with white kids from private schools who had savvy parents. In another example, inner city kids are often recruited for beach clean-ups. So their first experience with the outdoors is picking up someone else’s trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are subtle ways the park has discriminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a local park here in Washington D.C., for a time, the only signs in Spanish were “No drinking allowed in the park,'” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.npca.org/people/alan-spears\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Spears\u003c/a>, director of cultural resources with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Parks Conservation Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_895963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-895963\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis.jpg\" alt=\"Youth intership camping trip at Point Reyes, CA. From left to right: Lurleen Frazier, Sarah Hoang, Olive Tambou, Stela Zouradakis\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis.jpg 3264w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Point-ReyesFrom-left-to-right-Lurleen-Frazier-Sarah-Hoang-Olive-Tambou-Stela-Zouradakis-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3264px) 100vw, 3264px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Youth intership camping trip at Point Reyes, CA. From left to right: Lurleen Frazier, Sarah Hoang, Olive Tambou, Stela Zouradakis \u003ccite>(Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Securing the Parks’ Futures\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spears says the marketing to people of color hasn’t worked. The message has to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we say to them is not, ‘We’ve got a cure for your crappy life with National Parks,’” says Spears. “But rather, ‘We’ve got a park system. It’s increasingly relevant to you and your community and, boy, we really need your help.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Help in protecting the park’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2050 whites will no longer be the U.S. majority. So Spears says minority votes will be increasingly important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every session of Congress,” he says, “we get someone who thinks it would be a good idea to sell off a portion of a national park in order to put up an outlet mall or something else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just votes to preserve wild lands. It’s votes to preserve the places that tell the stories of all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the NPS has published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2011/08/national-park-service-issues-5-year-call-action-plan-moving-toward-its-second-century8687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Call to Action\u003c/a> which outlines priorities for the organization’s future. It states: “In our second century, we will fully represent our nation’s ethnically and culturally diverse communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Mystery of Why Sunflowers Turn to Follow the Sun — Solved",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have answered a burning question central to the charm of sunflowers: Why do young flowers move their blooms to always face the sun over the course of a day?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then: Once sunflowers reach maturity, why do they \u003cem>stop\u003c/em> tracking the sun and only face east?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Researchers found that the plant’s turning is actually a result of different sides of the stem elongating at different times of day.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/353/6299/587.full.pdf+html\">In a newly-published article in Science\u003c/a>, the researchers say the young plant’s sun-tracking (also called heliotropism) can be explained by circadian rhythms – the behavioral changes tied to an internal clock that humans also have, which follow a roughly 24 hour cycle. A young flower faces east at dawn and greets the sun, then slowly turns west as the sun moves across the sky. During the night, it slowly turns back east to begin the cycle again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the first example of a plant’s clock modulating growth in a natural environment, and having real repercussions for the plant,” UC Davis professor and study co-author Stacey Harmer \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/sunflowers-move-clock\">says in a press release from the university\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that the plant’s \u003cem>turning\u003c/em> is actually a result of different sides of the stem \u003cem>elongating \u003c/em>at different times of day. \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> released this animation to illustrate the phenomenon:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/GCRNHdGXTi4\u003cbr>\n“Growth rates on the east side were high during the day and very low at night, whereas growth rates on the west side were low during the day and higher at night,” the journal article reads. Here’s more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The higher growth rate on the east versus west side of the stem during the day enables the shoot apex to move gradually from east to west. At night, the higher growth rate on the west side culminates in the apex facing east at dawn.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The researchers tied plants up so they couldn’t move or turned them away from the sun – and they found those flowers eventually had “decreased biomass and less leave area” than flowers that could move with the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in support of the circadian rhythm theory, plants exposed to artificial light at different intervals “could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours,” the press release states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mature sunflowers respond differently to the sun. According to the press release, “as overall growth slows down, the circadian clock ensures that the plant reacts more strongly to light early in the morning than in the afternoon or evening, so it gradually stops moving westward during the day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared mature flowers facing east with those they turned to face west, and found that the east-facing blooms attracted five times as many helpful pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the east-facing flowers heat up faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, “bees like warm flowers,” as Harmer puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just like people, plants rely on the daily rhythms of day and night to function,” Anne Sylvester, director of the National Science Foundation’s Plant Genome Research Program, says in a press release. “Sunflowers, like solar panel arrays, follow the sun from east to west. These researchers tap into information in the sunflower genome to understand how and why sunflowers track the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley professor and \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/story_jump/how-sunflowers-follow-the-sun/\">study co-author Benjamin Blackman says\u003c/a> he thinks the connection between circadian rhythms and growth could be applicable to other research. “The more general point, that one of the circadian clock’s adaptive functions is to regulate the timing and strength of growth responses to environmental signals, is one that I think will apply to a broad range of traits and species,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Mystery+Of+Why+Sunflowers+Turn+To+Follow+The+Sun+%E2%80%94+Solved&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have answered a burning question central to the charm of sunflowers: Why do young flowers move their blooms to always face the sun over the course of a day?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then: Once sunflowers reach maturity, why do they \u003cem>stop\u003c/em> tracking the sun and only face east?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Researchers found that the plant’s turning is actually a result of different sides of the stem elongating at different times of day.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/353/6299/587.full.pdf+html\">In a newly-published article in Science\u003c/a>, the researchers say the young plant’s sun-tracking (also called heliotropism) can be explained by circadian rhythms – the behavioral changes tied to an internal clock that humans also have, which follow a roughly 24 hour cycle. A young flower faces east at dawn and greets the sun, then slowly turns west as the sun moves across the sky. During the night, it slowly turns back east to begin the cycle again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the first example of a plant’s clock modulating growth in a natural environment, and having real repercussions for the plant,” UC Davis professor and study co-author Stacey Harmer \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/sunflowers-move-clock\">says in a press release from the university\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that the plant’s \u003cem>turning\u003c/em> is actually a result of different sides of the stem \u003cem>elongating \u003c/em>at different times of day. \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> released this animation to illustrate the phenomenon:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/GCRNHdGXTi4\u003cbr>\n“Growth rates on the east side were high during the day and very low at night, whereas growth rates on the west side were low during the day and higher at night,” the journal article reads. Here’s more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The higher growth rate on the east versus west side of the stem during the day enables the shoot apex to move gradually from east to west. At night, the higher growth rate on the west side culminates in the apex facing east at dawn.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The researchers tied plants up so they couldn’t move or turned them away from the sun – and they found those flowers eventually had “decreased biomass and less leave area” than flowers that could move with the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in support of the circadian rhythm theory, plants exposed to artificial light at different intervals “could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours,” the press release states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mature sunflowers respond differently to the sun. According to the press release, “as overall growth slows down, the circadian clock ensures that the plant reacts more strongly to light early in the morning than in the afternoon or evening, so it gradually stops moving westward during the day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared mature flowers facing east with those they turned to face west, and found that the east-facing blooms attracted five times as many helpful pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the east-facing flowers heat up faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, “bees like warm flowers,” as Harmer puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just like people, plants rely on the daily rhythms of day and night to function,” Anne Sylvester, director of the National Science Foundation’s Plant Genome Research Program, says in a press release. “Sunflowers, like solar panel arrays, follow the sun from east to west. These researchers tap into information in the sunflower genome to understand how and why sunflowers track the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley professor and \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/story_jump/how-sunflowers-follow-the-sun/\">study co-author Benjamin Blackman says\u003c/a> he thinks the connection between circadian rhythms and growth could be applicable to other research. “The more general point, that one of the circadian clock’s adaptive functions is to regulate the timing and strength of growth responses to environmental signals, is one that I think will apply to a broad range of traits and species,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Mystery+Of+Why+Sunflowers+Turn+To+Follow+The+Sun+%E2%80%94+Solved&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Central Valley Farmers Paid to Grow Wildlife Habitat | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s drought is taking its toll on wildlife. Years of sub-par precipitation have cut the amount of water available for wildlife refuges that supply critical habitat and food for \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.oaklandmagazine.com/Dying-of-Thirst/index.php?cparticle=3&siarticle=2\" href=\"http://www.oaklandmagazine.com/Dying-of-Thirst/index.php?cparticle=3&siarticle=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waterfowl and other migratory birds\u003c/a>. Reduced river flows are pushing endangered fish species to the brink. Riparian forests have also been impacted by the drought, as well as by groundwater over-pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As well as the drought, increased development, population growth, pollution and other pressures have almost eliminated most of the vital riparian and wetland habitat that a number of endangered species need to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Rice farms get a bad rap often for the amount of water used to produce rice in California, but rice farming can produce benefits for waterfowl species.’\u003ccite>Ann Hayden, Environmental Defense Fund\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To combat this, the Environmental Defense Fund, along with a partner organization, has launched the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/ecosystems/central-valley-habitat-exchange\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley Habitat Exchange\u003c/a>, a voluntary program that gives landowners — farmers and ranchers — incentives to create wildlife habitats on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how a market-based system for habitat protection works and who benefits, Water Deeply spoke to Ann Hayden, the senior director of the California Habitat Exchange and Western Water program at the Environmental Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Can you explain what the Habitat Exchange is and why you chose to focus efforts in the Central Valley?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Hayden: The Habitat Exchange program we are developing throughout the country is aimed at creating incentives for farmers and ranchers to create habitat benefits on their land while maintaining agricultural productivity. In a sense, they would be getting paid to grow habitat in the same way they grow crops — it’s an additional commodity they would get paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started looking at the Central Valley out of the recognition that over 90 percent of habitat for wetlands and floodplains and riparian habitat-types have been decimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since so much of our state is in farmland, it seems like a natural fit that farmers and ranchers should be brought into the fold to help meet conservation goals, and not just rely on land acquisition or looking to conservation banks. Those are valid tools that exist, but we think bringing farmers and ranchers to the table will bring in so much more habitat, while allowing agricultural productivity to be maintained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What kind of species are you focusing on in trying to create a habitat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: It helps to have a driver like the Endangered Species Act because when listed species are impacted it will have to be mitigated, so there will be a need to offset that habitat somehow. We’ve focused largely on a handful of listed species at the state or federal level — Swainson’s hawk, the giant garter snake, Chinook salmon, Monarch butterflies and riparian songbirds, within which there are a couple of listed species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: At what stage of development is the project?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: We’ve been in development since 2012. We got a U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation innovation grant, which is a three-year grant that helped develop the infrastructure for the program, and flesh out habitat quantification tools — the mechanism to measure the quality of a parcel of land for a particular species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve developed a better understanding of what sort of legal and financial assurances need to be in place in order to get the regulatory agencies to have confidence in this approach being a viable tool in the toolkit for conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are well under way. We’re at the point where we are developing credit-ready projects. We have a number of parcels in the Central Valley. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.edf.org/growingreturns/2016/07/27/birds-snakes-and-butterflies-farming-for-more-than-crops-and-cash/?_ga=1.108139010.1473386416.1470251594\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davis Ranch\u003c/a> is one of them, where we are working with willing landowners and going out to their property, testing and using the tool on these properties to do a site assessment to understand the baseline of habitat quality on the land. From that can really understand what sort of changes in management practices or additional restoration should happen in to increase that score, the habitat function of that site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now we are at the point of trying to match it with demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Are there other landowners who have committed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: One development is a property in Yolo County called Elliott Ranch and we just received funding through the [Sacramento-San Joaquin] Delta Conservancy, as part of their Proposition 1 funding, to implement some restoration on Elliott Ranch. We’ll be doing some crop shifting to pasture that provides better foraging habitat for Swainson’s hawk and then we’ll also be planting some hedgerows to increase the foraging habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is our first transaction through the Habitat Exchange. For the first time we are going to have a clear indication of how our public dollars for restoration are being spent. That’s been a challenge with bond funding, for example, where we’ve had huge amounts of money being invested in restoration efforts with not a very clear idea of the outcomes that have been achieved. We are trying to change that paradigm through the Habitat Exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also have preliminary agreements from a handful of other landowners in the Central Valley to work with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Besides using Proposition 1 money, how else would the project be funded?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: Any entity that is interested in either meeting a conservation goal, such as the Delta Conservancy, or meeting a mitigation mandate, such as a water agency that is doing some levee setback projects or a developer that is implementing a project — those projects that would impact habitat for certain species — would be a buyer of habitat credits through the habitat exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What has the response been from the agricultural community?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: The feedback we’ve received is that there is a lot of interest to participate in an effort like the Habitat Exchange, but so far the barriers of entry into the conservation mitigation market have been so high that it has been difficult to know how they even get there — it’s complicated or costly. So we are trying to lower the barriers of entry for folks in the agricultural community to be part of the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What is the process for someone who does want to participate and are there upfront costs?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: We would work directly with them to do a site assessment with the use of the habitat quantification tool to understand the existing habitat quality, habitat function on the land. And then we talk with them about what sort of management practices they are currently implementing and where they might be open to shifting those somewhat to increase the habitat quality for species. We’d work with them on developing a management plan. There has to be a willingness to put a conservation easement on their land but that would be paid for by the buyer of credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How do you measure the success of the projects?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: That’s the crux of the Habitat Exchange and where we see this approach being somewhat different from other approaches that exist today. It’s really through the use of the habitat quantification tool that’s a method for tracking and monitoring how the landscape is responding over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to use the tool initially to understand the baseline conditions and then have some sort of agreement to go back after a time to the property and run the habitat quantification tool again to see how the habitat is responding. This is not a tool that involves counting populations of species — it’s really looking at the habitat quality on the landscape. That will tell us how well it can support species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: One of the species you mentioned is Chinook salmon. Can you explain why fish can benefit from agricultural lands?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: There is really innovative work going on at \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/04/01/flooding-rice-fields-provide-hope-for-salmon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Knaggs Ranch\u003c/a>, near the Yolo Bypass. Rice farms get a bad rap often for the amount of water used to produce rice in California, but rice farming can produce benefits for waterfowl species; and there are ways you can extend the flooding of rice lands during some critical periods of the year to simulate juvenile salmon-rearing habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been some experiments done through the work of Trout Unlimited and UC Davis where they have determined that juvenile salmon reared in these rice fields during these critical months end up as “big fatties” — they come out stronger and much bigger than juvenile salmon coming down the Sacramento River which don’t have access to the food or protection from predators [as on the flooded rice fields]. Rice farms can simulate what the floodplain used to do before we changed the plumbing so much in the state and redirected water from these floodplains during these critical times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What’s most exciting about the impact this project can have?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: We’re really excited about the Habitat Exchange driving better conservation outcomes on the ground by working side-by-side with farmers who are original stewards. We think they have a critical role to play and we are going to have a much better chance of maintaining, and hopefully restoring, habitat that’s needed by working closely with working landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/08/04/new-program-pays-central-valley-farmers-to-grow-wildlife-habitat\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwaterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com%2fsubscribe%3fu%3d8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6%26id%3d2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Critical habitat for wildlife has been reduced by drought, development and other pressures. Ann Hayden of the Environmental Defense Fund talks about radical incentives for landowners to help fill the void.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s drought is taking its toll on wildlife. Years of sub-par precipitation have cut the amount of water available for wildlife refuges that supply critical habitat and food for \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.oaklandmagazine.com/Dying-of-Thirst/index.php?cparticle=3&siarticle=2\" href=\"http://www.oaklandmagazine.com/Dying-of-Thirst/index.php?cparticle=3&siarticle=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waterfowl and other migratory birds\u003c/a>. Reduced river flows are pushing endangered fish species to the brink. Riparian forests have also been impacted by the drought, as well as by groundwater over-pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As well as the drought, increased development, population growth, pollution and other pressures have almost eliminated most of the vital riparian and wetland habitat that a number of endangered species need to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Rice farms get a bad rap often for the amount of water used to produce rice in California, but rice farming can produce benefits for waterfowl species.’\u003ccite>Ann Hayden, Environmental Defense Fund\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To combat this, the Environmental Defense Fund, along with a partner organization, has launched the \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/ecosystems/central-valley-habitat-exchange\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley Habitat Exchange\u003c/a>, a voluntary program that gives landowners — farmers and ranchers — incentives to create wildlife habitats on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how a market-based system for habitat protection works and who benefits, Water Deeply spoke to Ann Hayden, the senior director of the California Habitat Exchange and Western Water program at the Environmental Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Can you explain what the Habitat Exchange is and why you chose to focus efforts in the Central Valley?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann Hayden: The Habitat Exchange program we are developing throughout the country is aimed at creating incentives for farmers and ranchers to create habitat benefits on their land while maintaining agricultural productivity. In a sense, they would be getting paid to grow habitat in the same way they grow crops — it’s an additional commodity they would get paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started looking at the Central Valley out of the recognition that over 90 percent of habitat for wetlands and floodplains and riparian habitat-types have been decimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since so much of our state is in farmland, it seems like a natural fit that farmers and ranchers should be brought into the fold to help meet conservation goals, and not just rely on land acquisition or looking to conservation banks. Those are valid tools that exist, but we think bringing farmers and ranchers to the table will bring in so much more habitat, while allowing agricultural productivity to be maintained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What kind of species are you focusing on in trying to create a habitat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: It helps to have a driver like the Endangered Species Act because when listed species are impacted it will have to be mitigated, so there will be a need to offset that habitat somehow. We’ve focused largely on a handful of listed species at the state or federal level — Swainson’s hawk, the giant garter snake, Chinook salmon, Monarch butterflies and riparian songbirds, within which there are a couple of listed species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: At what stage of development is the project?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: We’ve been in development since 2012. We got a U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation innovation grant, which is a three-year grant that helped develop the infrastructure for the program, and flesh out habitat quantification tools — the mechanism to measure the quality of a parcel of land for a particular species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve developed a better understanding of what sort of legal and financial assurances need to be in place in order to get the regulatory agencies to have confidence in this approach being a viable tool in the toolkit for conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are well under way. We’re at the point where we are developing credit-ready projects. We have a number of parcels in the Central Valley. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.edf.org/growingreturns/2016/07/27/birds-snakes-and-butterflies-farming-for-more-than-crops-and-cash/?_ga=1.108139010.1473386416.1470251594\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davis Ranch\u003c/a> is one of them, where we are working with willing landowners and going out to their property, testing and using the tool on these properties to do a site assessment to understand the baseline of habitat quality on the land. From that can really understand what sort of changes in management practices or additional restoration should happen in to increase that score, the habitat function of that site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now we are at the point of trying to match it with demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Are there other landowners who have committed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: One development is a property in Yolo County called Elliott Ranch and we just received funding through the [Sacramento-San Joaquin] Delta Conservancy, as part of their Proposition 1 funding, to implement some restoration on Elliott Ranch. We’ll be doing some crop shifting to pasture that provides better foraging habitat for Swainson’s hawk and then we’ll also be planting some hedgerows to increase the foraging habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is our first transaction through the Habitat Exchange. For the first time we are going to have a clear indication of how our public dollars for restoration are being spent. That’s been a challenge with bond funding, for example, where we’ve had huge amounts of money being invested in restoration efforts with not a very clear idea of the outcomes that have been achieved. We are trying to change that paradigm through the Habitat Exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also have preliminary agreements from a handful of other landowners in the Central Valley to work with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Besides using Proposition 1 money, how else would the project be funded?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: Any entity that is interested in either meeting a conservation goal, such as the Delta Conservancy, or meeting a mitigation mandate, such as a water agency that is doing some levee setback projects or a developer that is implementing a project — those projects that would impact habitat for certain species — would be a buyer of habitat credits through the habitat exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What has the response been from the agricultural community?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: The feedback we’ve received is that there is a lot of interest to participate in an effort like the Habitat Exchange, but so far the barriers of entry into the conservation mitigation market have been so high that it has been difficult to know how they even get there — it’s complicated or costly. So we are trying to lower the barriers of entry for folks in the agricultural community to be part of the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What is the process for someone who does want to participate and are there upfront costs?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: We would work directly with them to do a site assessment with the use of the habitat quantification tool to understand the existing habitat quality, habitat function on the land. And then we talk with them about what sort of management practices they are currently implementing and where they might be open to shifting those somewhat to increase the habitat quality for species. We’d work with them on developing a management plan. There has to be a willingness to put a conservation easement on their land but that would be paid for by the buyer of credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How do you measure the success of the projects?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: That’s the crux of the Habitat Exchange and where we see this approach being somewhat different from other approaches that exist today. It’s really through the use of the habitat quantification tool that’s a method for tracking and monitoring how the landscape is responding over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to use the tool initially to understand the baseline conditions and then have some sort of agreement to go back after a time to the property and run the habitat quantification tool again to see how the habitat is responding. This is not a tool that involves counting populations of species — it’s really looking at the habitat quality on the landscape. That will tell us how well it can support species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: One of the species you mentioned is Chinook salmon. Can you explain why fish can benefit from agricultural lands?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: There is really innovative work going on at \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/04/01/flooding-rice-fields-provide-hope-for-salmon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Knaggs Ranch\u003c/a>, near the Yolo Bypass. Rice farms get a bad rap often for the amount of water used to produce rice in California, but rice farming can produce benefits for waterfowl species; and there are ways you can extend the flooding of rice lands during some critical periods of the year to simulate juvenile salmon-rearing habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been some experiments done through the work of Trout Unlimited and UC Davis where they have determined that juvenile salmon reared in these rice fields during these critical months end up as “big fatties” — they come out stronger and much bigger than juvenile salmon coming down the Sacramento River which don’t have access to the food or protection from predators [as on the flooded rice fields]. Rice farms can simulate what the floodplain used to do before we changed the plumbing so much in the state and redirected water from these floodplains during these critical times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What’s most exciting about the impact this project can have?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayden: We’re really excited about the Habitat Exchange driving better conservation outcomes on the ground by working side-by-side with farmers who are original stewards. We think they have a critical role to play and we are going to have a much better chance of maintaining, and hopefully restoring, habitat that’s needed by working closely with working landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/08/04/new-program-pays-central-valley-farmers-to-grow-wildlife-habitat\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwaterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com%2fsubscribe%3fu%3d8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6%26id%3d2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A preliminary report from Cal Fire investigators says that a bulldozer driver killed while working on the massive fire near Big Sur was ejected from his machine as it tipped over on a steep embankment, possibly because he wasn’t wearing a seat belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cal Fire “green sheet” says Robert Reagan, \u003ca id=\"rssmi_more\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Read More …\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca title=\"Cal Fire Probe Details Death of Dozer Driver in Big Sur Blaze\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Twenty six nautical miles outside the Golden Gate, the spindly peaks of the Farallon Islands bobbing in view, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanctuarysimon.org/regional_sections/fulmar/\">R/V Fulmar\u003c/a> research vessel has made space for me to observe how researchers carry out their commitment to keep our oceans healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still working on developing my sea legs, I clamber up a ladder to the top deck, and as gingerly as possible, stumble to the bow of the boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vessel is run by a marine conservation partnership called \u003ca href=\"http://www.accessoceans.org/\">ACCESS\u003c/a>, or the Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies. The crew, comprised of marine researchers from the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (\u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">NOAA)\u003c/a> and the non-profit agency \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue\u003c/a>, is scanning the horizon for signs of life, which they are finding in abundance. [contextly_sidebar id=”bwAQS8zN4wV2Q3mMQXirOa6vGPpNfj18″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this brilliant July afternoon, the scientists on board are deploying nets and hauling in microscopic forms of life from the ocean. They pull in tiny krill and their even tinier food source, plankton, the marine plants that form the foundation of the ocean’s food chain and shed light on the health of the vital marine habitat off the coast of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One researcher records the number of wildlife that surround the boat, while the others gaze through binoculars and call out species names as they see them — like puffins, white-sided dolphins and \u003ca href=\"http://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/red-necked-phalarope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">red-necked phalaropes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_897891\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-897891 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Taylor Nairn, of the Greater Farallones Association, records wildlife sightings along an observational transect as a member of the AV Fulmar's marine research crew.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taylor Nairn, of the Greater Farallones Association, records wildlife sightings along an observational transect as a member of the R/V Fulmar’s marine research crew. \u003ccite>(Aurora MacRae-Crerar/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First mate Marshall Stein offers me his front-row swivel seat and moments later, there’s a wave of excitement as one, two, three, four blue whales come into focus. Mouth agape, I stare at the largest animals the planet has ever seen as they spout water from their blowholes, the silhouettes of their majestic blue backs against the backdrop of the Farallon Islands. I am speechless. So are the marine biologists. This is extraordinary, not only for a novice like me, but also for seasoned researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_880927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-880927\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Blue whales have been on Earth for over 53 million years. The largest animal ever to have graced our planet, they are massive, majestic and endangered, but making a comeback on the California coast. They can grow to be over 100 feet long and can weigh over 200 tons. They have a lifespan of up to 90 years. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue whales have been on Earth for over 53 million years. The largest animal to have ever graced our planet, they are massive, majestic and endangered, but making a comeback on the California coast. They can grow to be over 100 feet long and can weigh over 200 tons. They have a lifespan of up to 90 years. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since April, there have been a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/03/humpback-whales-exploring-the-bay-in-unprecedented-numbers/\">record number\u003c/a> of whale sightings in San Francisco Bay—including \u003ca href=\"http://kron4.com/2016/07/11/stunning-video-close-encounter-with-whales-near-treasure-island/\">this\u003c/a> breathtaking encounter filmed by a local kayaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yesterday was gangbusters,” exclaims Jan Roletto, the research coordinator for the \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/\">Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>, which falls under the NOAA umbrella. On their first day out, the crew saw 85 blue and humpback whales. On the second day, I was there as the crew made 48 more whale observations. Such sightings suggest that the whales are making a strong comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a real story of recovery.’\u003ccite> Jaime Jahncke, Point Blue \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This July alone, the crew of the R/V Fulmar has seen more whales (around 237) than scientists recorded during the entire summer last year — about \u003ca href=\"http://accessoceans.org/uploads/Ocean_Climate_Indicators_Report_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">180\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greater Farallones Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> is lush with nutrients, making it the place where whales meet and eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s a real story of recovery,” says Jaime Jahncke, a lead scientist at Point Blue. But what are they recovering from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lower whale abundance in 2015 was a consequence of two natural phenomena: a sprawling mass of anomalously warm water known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/09/possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs/\">the Blob, and El Niño\u003c/a>, a periodic shift in both ocean and atmospheric conditions. Together, they raised ocean temperatures and had mostly negative effects on marine life, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/how-warmer-waters-have-led-to-emaciated-seals-on-california-beaches/\">such as California seals\u003c/a> and sea lions. Thousands of sea lion pups were stranded or killed in February and March 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_894517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-894517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Unusually warm waters brought in by a combination of El Ñino and the Blob in late 2015 to early 2016 were not good for sea lion pups. These anomalously high temperatures disrupted the marine food chain, leaving the pups malnourished. This has lead to the recent high rates of sea lion pup mortality.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unusually warm ocean conditions in late 2015 led to high rates of sea lion pup mortality. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now the oceans have cooled and the wind is gusting, a trend scientists are happy to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The winds are strong enough to cause upwelling. They are pushing that water to the south and offshore, and it allows the cold, nutrient-rich water to come to the surface,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/contact/staff.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Danielle Lipski\u003c/a>, research coordinator for \u003ca href=\"http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>, another branch of NOAA. The nutrients act like fertilizer and increase the abundance of \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/phyto.html\">phytoplankton.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_881027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-881027\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tiny, but mighty, invertebrate krill are smaller than a fingertip and are also the primary food source for blue and humpback whales.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiny but mighty, invertebrate krill are smaller than a fingertip and are also the primary food source for blue and humpback whales. \u003ccite>( Andrea Izzotti/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/sem/zooplankton.cfm\">Zooplankton\u003c/a> feed on the phytoplankton, which are then eaten by tiny shrimplike animals called \u003ca href=\"http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/lewis_clark01/background/midwater_realm/media/krill.html\">krill\u003c/a>. The whales gobble up the krill in a beautiful relationship where one of the smallest of lifeforms sustains the largest.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twenty six nautical miles outside the Golden Gate, the spindly peaks of the Farallon Islands bobbing in view, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanctuarysimon.org/regional_sections/fulmar/\">R/V Fulmar\u003c/a> research vessel has made space for me to observe how researchers carry out their commitment to keep our oceans healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still working on developing my sea legs, I clamber up a ladder to the top deck, and as gingerly as possible, stumble to the bow of the boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vessel is run by a marine conservation partnership called \u003ca href=\"http://www.accessoceans.org/\">ACCESS\u003c/a>, or the Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies. The crew, comprised of marine researchers from the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (\u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\">NOAA)\u003c/a> and the non-profit agency \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue\u003c/a>, is scanning the horizon for signs of life, which they are finding in abundance. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this brilliant July afternoon, the scientists on board are deploying nets and hauling in microscopic forms of life from the ocean. They pull in tiny krill and their even tinier food source, plankton, the marine plants that form the foundation of the ocean’s food chain and shed light on the health of the vital marine habitat off the coast of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One researcher records the number of wildlife that surround the boat, while the others gaze through binoculars and call out species names as they see them — like puffins, white-sided dolphins and \u003ca href=\"http://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/red-necked-phalarope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">red-necked phalaropes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_897891\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-897891 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Taylor Nairn, of the Greater Farallones Association, records wildlife sightings along an observational transect as a member of the AV Fulmar's marine research crew.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/ACCESS-Research-Cruise-Pix-157-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taylor Nairn, of the Greater Farallones Association, records wildlife sightings along an observational transect as a member of the R/V Fulmar’s marine research crew. \u003ccite>(Aurora MacRae-Crerar/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First mate Marshall Stein offers me his front-row swivel seat and moments later, there’s a wave of excitement as one, two, three, four blue whales come into focus. Mouth agape, I stare at the largest animals the planet has ever seen as they spout water from their blowholes, the silhouettes of their majestic blue backs against the backdrop of the Farallon Islands. I am speechless. So are the marine biologists. This is extraordinary, not only for a novice like me, but also for seasoned researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_880927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-880927\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Blue whales have been on Earth for over 53 million years. The largest animal ever to have graced our planet, they are massive, majestic and endangered, but making a comeback on the California coast. They can grow to be over 100 feet long and can weigh over 200 tons. They have a lifespan of up to 90 years. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_33627068_XXLARGE-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue whales have been on Earth for over 53 million years. The largest animal to have ever graced our planet, they are massive, majestic and endangered, but making a comeback on the California coast. They can grow to be over 100 feet long and can weigh over 200 tons. They have a lifespan of up to 90 years. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since April, there have been a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/03/humpback-whales-exploring-the-bay-in-unprecedented-numbers/\">record number\u003c/a> of whale sightings in San Francisco Bay—including \u003ca href=\"http://kron4.com/2016/07/11/stunning-video-close-encounter-with-whales-near-treasure-island/\">this\u003c/a> breathtaking encounter filmed by a local kayaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yesterday was gangbusters,” exclaims Jan Roletto, the research coordinator for the \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/\">Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>, which falls under the NOAA umbrella. On their first day out, the crew saw 85 blue and humpback whales. On the second day, I was there as the crew made 48 more whale observations. Such sightings suggest that the whales are making a strong comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a real story of recovery.’\u003ccite> Jaime Jahncke, Point Blue \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This July alone, the crew of the R/V Fulmar has seen more whales (around 237) than scientists recorded during the entire summer last year — about \u003ca href=\"http://accessoceans.org/uploads/Ocean_Climate_Indicators_Report_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">180\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greater Farallones Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> is lush with nutrients, making it the place where whales meet and eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s a real story of recovery,” says Jaime Jahncke, a lead scientist at Point Blue. But what are they recovering from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lower whale abundance in 2015 was a consequence of two natural phenomena: a sprawling mass of anomalously warm water known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/09/possible-spoiler-for-el-nino-a-battle-of-the-blobs/\">the Blob, and El Niño\u003c/a>, a periodic shift in both ocean and atmospheric conditions. Together, they raised ocean temperatures and had mostly negative effects on marine life, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/how-warmer-waters-have-led-to-emaciated-seals-on-california-beaches/\">such as California seals\u003c/a> and sea lions. Thousands of sea lion pups were stranded or killed in February and March 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_894517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-894517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Unusually warm waters brought in by a combination of El Ñino and the Blob in late 2015 to early 2016 were not good for sea lion pups. These anomalously high temperatures disrupted the marine food chain, leaving the pups malnourished. This has lead to the recent high rates of sea lion pup mortality.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/sea-lion-pup-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unusually warm ocean conditions in late 2015 led to high rates of sea lion pup mortality. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now the oceans have cooled and the wind is gusting, a trend scientists are happy to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The winds are strong enough to cause upwelling. They are pushing that water to the south and offshore, and it allows the cold, nutrient-rich water to come to the surface,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/contact/staff.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Danielle Lipski\u003c/a>, research coordinator for \u003ca href=\"http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a>, another branch of NOAA. The nutrients act like fertilizer and increase the abundance of \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/phyto.html\">phytoplankton.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_881027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-881027\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tiny, but mighty, invertebrate krill are smaller than a fingertip and are also the primary food source for blue and humpback whales.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Krill-iStock_86347053_LARGE-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiny but mighty, invertebrate krill are smaller than a fingertip and are also the primary food source for blue and humpback whales. \u003ccite>( Andrea Izzotti/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/sem/zooplankton.cfm\">Zooplankton\u003c/a> feed on the phytoplankton, which are then eaten by tiny shrimplike animals called \u003ca href=\"http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/lewis_clark01/background/midwater_realm/media/krill.html\">krill\u003c/a>. The whales gobble up the krill in a beautiful relationship where one of the smallest of lifeforms sustains the largest.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SOUTH LAKE TAHOE — Some unusual visitors joined the crowds of swimmers and kayakers trying to cool off on Lake Tahoe — a bear and a pair of cubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pallas Buckley, who lives near South Lake Tahoe, took video of the rare sight this week: the animals frolicking and splashing in the water near the beach while people paddled nearby seemingly unfazed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says her fellow lakegoers watched the spectacle but stayed respectful of the bears. Buckley says she's seen many bears, but spotting them on the beach was a first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yu2j1qalgsA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife experts tell TV station KTVN in Reno, Nevada, that it's unusual for bears to visit a busy area, raising concerns that they're used to being around people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the bears could have come down for food or to cool off during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SOUTH LAKE TAHOE — Some unusual visitors joined the crowds of swimmers and kayakers trying to cool off on Lake Tahoe — a bear and a pair of cubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pallas Buckley, who lives near South Lake Tahoe, took video of the rare sight this week: the animals frolicking and splashing in the water near the beach while people paddled nearby seemingly unfazed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says her fellow lakegoers watched the spectacle but stayed respectful of the bears. Buckley says she's seen many bears, but spotting them on the beach was a first.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Yu2j1qalgsA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Yu2j1qalgsA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildlife experts tell TV station KTVN in Reno, Nevada, that it's unusual for bears to visit a busy area, raising concerns that they're used to being around people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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