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"content": "\u003cp>Sonoma County voters appear to have banned genetically modified crops in unincorporated areas of the county, approving Measure M by a margin of 56-44 percent in unofficial results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results reflect a significant change in public sentiment. Sonoma voters shot down a similar measure in 2005 by a 5 percent margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma joins five other California counties that have already passed bans on transgenic crops: Mendocino, Marin, Trinity, Humboldt and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents say the ban is necessary to protect the county’s organic fields from cross-pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. law, says Karen Hudson, head of the campaign for the measure, if 1 percent of a farmer’s crop is contaminated by genetically engineered pollen, it becomes illegal for that farmer to use the seeds for the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that seed belongs to the corporation that owns the patent on those seeds,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson also worries about increased use of herbicides in GMO plants. Many of them are engineered to resist herbicides like Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Spraying a crop with the same herbicide in a field over and over for several years depletes the soil of its nutrients,” says Hudson. “And it also creates weeds that are resistant to that particular herbicide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the measure, farmers could not plant any GMO seeds or grow GMO crops in unincorporated areas, which includes the majority of vineyards, dairies and farms in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure M allows a transition period so that growers could continue cultivating existing GMO crops until the plants mature. Farmers who have GMO seeds in their possession would have to plant them in the growing season after the ordinance goes into effect. After that season, the GMO seeds would have to be destroyed or removed from the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetically modified plants are organisms whose genetic material has been altered to resist herbicides, weather drought, add nutritional benefits or improve crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most big crops in the Midwest, such as corn, soybean and cotton, have been genetically modified. The chemical companies Monsanto, Syngenta, Bayer, BASF, and DuPont funded the No campaign on Measure M.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The growing method is considered safe and very effective,” says Dave Kranz from the California Farm Bureau. “You don’t know what may be coming when you impose a blanket ban.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kranz uses the example of transgenic papayas in Hawaii to make his point. When the ringspot virus almost annihilated the fruit in the 1990s, the rainbow papaya saved the day. The genetically modified fruit rejected the pathogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year the National Academy of Sciences released a \u003ca href=\"http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/\">report\u003c/a> concluding that genetically engineered foods are safe to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some cases technology is a perfectly appropriate solution,” says Kranz. He highlights the fact that Sonoma County is a grape-growing region that may need biotech to help vines weather severe droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance would take effect as soon as election results are finalized, which is expected in early December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson says the campaign isn’t over; the next step will be a measure to ban GMOs in cities in Sonoma County. She’s worried about grasses in people’s yards and recreational areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have genetically engineered blue grass and fescue grasses that not only contaminate native grasses,” she says, “but it would also have the potential to blow into our pastures.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sonoma County voters appear to have banned genetically modified crops in unincorporated areas of the county, approving Measure M by a margin of 56-44 percent in unofficial results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results reflect a significant change in public sentiment. Sonoma voters shot down a similar measure in 2005 by a 5 percent margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma joins five other California counties that have already passed bans on transgenic crops: Mendocino, Marin, Trinity, Humboldt and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents say the ban is necessary to protect the county’s organic fields from cross-pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. law, says Karen Hudson, head of the campaign for the measure, if 1 percent of a farmer’s crop is contaminated by genetically engineered pollen, it becomes illegal for that farmer to use the seeds for the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that seed belongs to the corporation that owns the patent on those seeds,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson also worries about increased use of herbicides in GMO plants. Many of them are engineered to resist herbicides like Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Spraying a crop with the same herbicide in a field over and over for several years depletes the soil of its nutrients,” says Hudson. “And it also creates weeds that are resistant to that particular herbicide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the measure, farmers could not plant any GMO seeds or grow GMO crops in unincorporated areas, which includes the majority of vineyards, dairies and farms in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure M allows a transition period so that growers could continue cultivating existing GMO crops until the plants mature. Farmers who have GMO seeds in their possession would have to plant them in the growing season after the ordinance goes into effect. After that season, the GMO seeds would have to be destroyed or removed from the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetically modified plants are organisms whose genetic material has been altered to resist herbicides, weather drought, add nutritional benefits or improve crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most big crops in the Midwest, such as corn, soybean and cotton, have been genetically modified. The chemical companies Monsanto, Syngenta, Bayer, BASF, and DuPont funded the No campaign on Measure M.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The growing method is considered safe and very effective,” says Dave Kranz from the California Farm Bureau. “You don’t know what may be coming when you impose a blanket ban.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kranz uses the example of transgenic papayas in Hawaii to make his point. When the ringspot virus almost annihilated the fruit in the 1990s, the rainbow papaya saved the day. The genetically modified fruit rejected the pathogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year the National Academy of Sciences released a \u003ca href=\"http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/\">report\u003c/a> concluding that genetically engineered foods are safe to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some cases technology is a perfectly appropriate solution,” says Kranz. He highlights the fact that Sonoma County is a grape-growing region that may need biotech to help vines weather severe droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance would take effect as soon as election results are finalized, which is expected in early December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson says the campaign isn’t over; the next step will be a measure to ban GMOs in cities in Sonoma County. She’s worried about grasses in people’s yards and recreational areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have genetically engineered blue grass and fescue grasses that not only contaminate native grasses,” she says, “but it would also have the potential to blow into our pastures.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ninety-seven percent of climate scientists \u003ca href=\"http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/\">agree\u003c/a> that human activities are the leading cause of steadily rising temperatures around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump, however, has called global warming “\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/412162068989874176?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">bulls**t\u003c/a>” and a “\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/427226424987385856?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">hoax\u003c/a>,” making him soon to be one of, if not the only, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/sites/www.sierraclub.org/files/uploads-wysiwig/TrumpVsWorld.pdf)\">world leader to deny the science behind climate change.\u003c/a> He’s also threatened to defund the Environmental Protection Agency and bring back the flagging coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, environmentalists and climate activists are alarmed by what a Trump presidency will mean for efforts to reduce human-generated emissions that are warming the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they wonder what Trump’s policies might mean for California, which is considered a pioneer in efforts to conserve the environment and fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump has signaled he will roll back progress on climate change at a national level\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the Obama administration, the United States was on track to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from power plants as part of the Clean Power Plan. The U.S. had also signed onto the Paris climate agreement, which took effect earlier this month, and had \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/paris-climate-conference-US-IB.pdf\">pledged\u003c/a> to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 26 to 28 percent, compared to 2005 levels, by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the future of both those actions are\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/11/9/13571318/donald-trump-disaster-climate\"> in question\u003c/a>. Trump has said he wants to pull out of the Paris agreement and scrap the Clean Power Plan, while scrapping other Obama environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has been working to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions since the passage of AB 32 in 2006. The state has already reached the goals envisioned under the Clean Power Plan and is on track to cut even more. The state has largely relied on a cap-and-trade program, in which regulators set limits on carbon emissions and allow polluters to buy and sell carbon permits to stay under those limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it stands now, the Clean Power Plan would give California opportunities to trade emissions permits with neighboring states and to be a model for them as they develop their plans to comply with the new regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the future of the Clean Power Plan is unclear under a Trump administration. The rule has been challenged in federal court. Trump could choose to no longer defend it, and he could appoint a new justice to the Supreme Court who favors overturning it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11168718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11168718\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-800x554.jpg\" alt=\"Emissions from the Valero Refinery in Vallejo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-1180x817.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-960x665.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-240x166.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-375x260.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-520x360.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emissions from the Valero Refinery in Vallejo. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California will likely continue with its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, even without the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, for Californians, Trump’s election means a return to the days of President George W. Bush, when the state operated largely on its own in terms of climate and environmental policy. After all, it was under the Bush administration that California passed AB 32, the first-of-its-kind climate legislation, and it did so precisely because of federal inaction on climate change, according to Cara Horowitz, co-executive director of the Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA’s law school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s climate policies are not threatened by a Trump presidency\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Passed in 2006, AB 32 required California to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Since then, the state has \u003ca href=\"http://blog.ucsusa.org/adrienne-alvord/california-global-warming-solutions-act-ab-32-by-the-numbers\">reduced its emissions \u003c/a>by over 7 percent, as the population has increased by the same amount. This fall, another landmark bill deepened and extended those cuts. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32\">SB 32 \u003c/a>commits the state to cutting emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California has rolled out a suite of programs to help the state meet its emissions reduction goals, the most well known of which is \u003ca href=\"http://www.c2es.org/us-states-regions/key-legislation/california-cap-trade\">cap and trade\u003c/a>. Regulators slowly decrease the cap over time. Polluters who lower their emissions below the cap can make money by selling carbon credits to power plants, refineries and other polluters that can’t meet their targets. The program is meant to incentivize efforts to reduce pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump can’t overturn California’s cap-and-trade program (although it is currently embroiled in a state \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificlegal.org/cases/cap-and-trade-auction-is-an-unconstitutional-tax\">lawsuit\u003c/a> challenging its legality). Nor can he overturn SB 32.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re too committed as a state, and frankly we have too much as a state to back down on our climate policies,” said Horowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the worst drought in half a millennium, to a long coastline vulnerable to sea level rise, to a wildfire season that is 78 days longer than it was in 1970, Californians “see the effects of climate change every day and we’re very committed to our climate policies, no matter what happens at the federal level,” Horowitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who Trump appoints to head federal agencies will likely have a huge impact on California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Beyond climate, President Trump’s attitudes toward the environment will resonate most deeply in traditional environmental issues: things like clean air, clean water, endangered species, land conservation and energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to tell how he’s leaning is to track who is appointed to head agencies tasked with safeguarding or developing those resources, according to Ann Notthoff, California advocacy director at the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has surrounded himself with climate change deniers, oil industry executives, and lawmakers from fossil fuel-dependent states like North Dakota who are eager to expedite production of oil, gas and coal from federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11168725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11168725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-800x496.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and their supporters opposed to the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) confront bulldozers working on the new oil pipeline near Cannon Ball, North Dakota. Donald Trump has surrounded himself with climate change deniers, oil industry executives and lawmakers from states like North Dakota who are eager to expedite production of oil, gas and coal.\" width=\"800\" height=\"496\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-800x496.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-1020x633.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-1180x732.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-960x596.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-240x149.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-375x233.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-520x323.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and their supporters opposed to the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) confront bulldozers working on the new oil pipeline near Cannon Ball, North Dakota. Donald Trump has surrounded himself with climate change deniers, oil industry executives and lawmakers from states like North Dakota who are eager to expedite production of oil, gas and coal. \u003ccite>(ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Notthoff said she is especially keeping her eye on who Trump appoints to head the Department of Interior, which oversees agencies like the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump himself has pledged to\u003ca href=\"https://www.adn.com/politics/2016/05/26/trump-pledges-to-back-more-oil-drilling-including-in-alaska/\"> increase oil and gas production \u003c/a>on federal land, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42432.pdf\">fell\u003c/a> under the Obama administration. That could impact California, the nation’s No. 3 oil state, where 7\u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/bakersfield/Programs/Minerals/bkfo_minerals.print.html\"> percent of oil wells are on federal land\u003c/a>, according to the BLM.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump’s EPA, in particular, will affect clean air and clean water in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump has threatened to eliminate the EPA entirely, although he recently walked back that comment, saying he wants to \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-backs-off-plan-to-eliminate-epa/article/2602581\">focus\u003c/a> the agency on ensuring clean air and water. But there are many ways to do this, some of which are top-down and regulatory, while others are more voluntary and market-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the ways the EPA has traditionally ensured clean air and drinking water is creating emissions and concentration standards that polluters have to meet, enforcing them with penalties, and passing stricter ones over time. Horowitz worries a Trump EPA will let that approach slide, becoming business- and industry-friendly at the expense of public health. “It’s very clear he’s one of those Republicans who sees environmental protection and business interests at odd with each other, as opposed to things that can and should co-exist,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is legally allowed to pass state standards that are stricter than federal ones, but Horowitz says that’s difficult. “Without a really robust federal partner, we could see California’s progress on air quality slipping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California benefits from federal support for renewable energy, which a Republican-controlled Congress could cut off\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last December, lawmakers \u003ca href=\"http://https//www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/breaking-house-passes-1.1-trillion-spending-bill-with-renewable-energy-tax\">cut a deal\u003c/a> to extend federal tax credits for the wind and solar industries through 2017 and 2019 respectively. The deal would need congressional approval to be extended. And it could even be cut off prematurely, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/breaking--bad-news-for-us-solar-as-donald-trump-becomes-president-elect_100026842/#axzz4PYMuA4Ui\">writes solar energy columnist \u003c/a>Christian Roselund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has previously expressed his distaste for federal subsidies for clean energy. According to a memo released in late October, Trump pledged to “cancel all wasteful climate spending,” according to the Washington Post. Investors are clearly already worried: \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketwatch.com/story/solar-stocks-tank-and-lead-broader-energy-sector-lower-2016-11-09.\">Solar stocks plunged\u003c/a> following news he had won the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has huge implications for California, which has \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=24852\">nearly half \u003c/a>of the solar power generation in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Subsidies at the federal level can all have a role to play in how effectively we deploy clean energy, how much it competes on a playing field with fossil fuels,” Notthoff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as with climate change policy, state policies encouraging solar development will not be affected by this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s newly minted National Monuments likely to stay in place\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Antiquities Act, President Obama created a number of national monuments in California in the past eight years, including the San Gabriel Mountain National Monument in 2014. Experts say it’s highly unlikely that President Trump would reverse those designations because they’ve mostly received bipartisan support, and it’s unclear the Antiquities Act allows presidents to strip monument designations from locations that already have it.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Donald Trump has called global warming 'bulls**t' and a 'hoax.' Not surprisingly, environmentalists are alarmed by what a Trump presidency will mean for efforts to reduce human-generated emissions.",
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"title": "How Trump May Alter California's Environment and Energy Landscape | KQED",
"description": "Donald Trump has called global warming 'bulls**t' and a 'hoax.' Not surprisingly, environmentalists are alarmed by what a Trump presidency will mean for efforts to reduce human-generated emissions.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/emily-guerin\">Emily Guerin\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> with Stephen Gregory \u003cbr> \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ninety-seven percent of climate scientists \u003ca href=\"http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/\">agree\u003c/a> that human activities are the leading cause of steadily rising temperatures around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump, however, has called global warming “\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/412162068989874176?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">bulls**t\u003c/a>” and a “\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/427226424987385856?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">hoax\u003c/a>,” making him soon to be one of, if not the only, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/sites/www.sierraclub.org/files/uploads-wysiwig/TrumpVsWorld.pdf)\">world leader to deny the science behind climate change.\u003c/a> He’s also threatened to defund the Environmental Protection Agency and bring back the flagging coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, environmentalists and climate activists are alarmed by what a Trump presidency will mean for efforts to reduce human-generated emissions that are warming the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they wonder what Trump’s policies might mean for California, which is considered a pioneer in efforts to conserve the environment and fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump has signaled he will roll back progress on climate change at a national level\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the Obama administration, the United States was on track to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from power plants as part of the Clean Power Plan. The U.S. had also signed onto the Paris climate agreement, which took effect earlier this month, and had \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/paris-climate-conference-US-IB.pdf\">pledged\u003c/a> to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 26 to 28 percent, compared to 2005 levels, by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the future of both those actions are\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/11/9/13571318/donald-trump-disaster-climate\"> in question\u003c/a>. Trump has said he wants to pull out of the Paris agreement and scrap the Clean Power Plan, while scrapping other Obama environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has been working to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions since the passage of AB 32 in 2006. The state has already reached the goals envisioned under the Clean Power Plan and is on track to cut even more. The state has largely relied on a cap-and-trade program, in which regulators set limits on carbon emissions and allow polluters to buy and sell carbon permits to stay under those limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it stands now, the Clean Power Plan would give California opportunities to trade emissions permits with neighboring states and to be a model for them as they develop their plans to comply with the new regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the future of the Clean Power Plan is unclear under a Trump administration. The rule has been challenged in federal court. Trump could choose to no longer defend it, and he could appoint a new justice to the Supreme Court who favors overturning it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11168718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11168718\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-800x554.jpg\" alt=\"Emissions from the Valero Refinery in Vallejo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-1180x817.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-960x665.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-240x166.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-375x260.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/VallejoRefinery-520x360.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emissions from the Valero Refinery in Vallejo. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California will likely continue with its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, even without the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, for Californians, Trump’s election means a return to the days of President George W. Bush, when the state operated largely on its own in terms of climate and environmental policy. After all, it was under the Bush administration that California passed AB 32, the first-of-its-kind climate legislation, and it did so precisely because of federal inaction on climate change, according to Cara Horowitz, co-executive director of the Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA’s law school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s climate policies are not threatened by a Trump presidency\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Passed in 2006, AB 32 required California to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Since then, the state has \u003ca href=\"http://blog.ucsusa.org/adrienne-alvord/california-global-warming-solutions-act-ab-32-by-the-numbers\">reduced its emissions \u003c/a>by over 7 percent, as the population has increased by the same amount. This fall, another landmark bill deepened and extended those cuts. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32\">SB 32 \u003c/a>commits the state to cutting emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California has rolled out a suite of programs to help the state meet its emissions reduction goals, the most well known of which is \u003ca href=\"http://www.c2es.org/us-states-regions/key-legislation/california-cap-trade\">cap and trade\u003c/a>. Regulators slowly decrease the cap over time. Polluters who lower their emissions below the cap can make money by selling carbon credits to power plants, refineries and other polluters that can’t meet their targets. The program is meant to incentivize efforts to reduce pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump can’t overturn California’s cap-and-trade program (although it is currently embroiled in a state \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificlegal.org/cases/cap-and-trade-auction-is-an-unconstitutional-tax\">lawsuit\u003c/a> challenging its legality). Nor can he overturn SB 32.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re too committed as a state, and frankly we have too much as a state to back down on our climate policies,” said Horowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the worst drought in half a millennium, to a long coastline vulnerable to sea level rise, to a wildfire season that is 78 days longer than it was in 1970, Californians “see the effects of climate change every day and we’re very committed to our climate policies, no matter what happens at the federal level,” Horowitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who Trump appoints to head federal agencies will likely have a huge impact on California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Beyond climate, President Trump’s attitudes toward the environment will resonate most deeply in traditional environmental issues: things like clean air, clean water, endangered species, land conservation and energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to tell how he’s leaning is to track who is appointed to head agencies tasked with safeguarding or developing those resources, according to Ann Notthoff, California advocacy director at the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has surrounded himself with climate change deniers, oil industry executives, and lawmakers from fossil fuel-dependent states like North Dakota who are eager to expedite production of oil, gas and coal from federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11168725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11168725\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-800x496.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and their supporters opposed to the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) confront bulldozers working on the new oil pipeline near Cannon Ball, North Dakota. Donald Trump has surrounded himself with climate change deniers, oil industry executives and lawmakers from states like North Dakota who are eager to expedite production of oil, gas and coal.\" width=\"800\" height=\"496\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-800x496.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-1020x633.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-1180x732.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-960x596.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-240x149.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-375x233.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DaplDozers-520x323.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and their supporters opposed to the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) confront bulldozers working on the new oil pipeline near Cannon Ball, North Dakota. Donald Trump has surrounded himself with climate change deniers, oil industry executives and lawmakers from states like North Dakota who are eager to expedite production of oil, gas and coal. \u003ccite>(ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Notthoff said she is especially keeping her eye on who Trump appoints to head the Department of Interior, which oversees agencies like the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump himself has pledged to\u003ca href=\"https://www.adn.com/politics/2016/05/26/trump-pledges-to-back-more-oil-drilling-including-in-alaska/\"> increase oil and gas production \u003c/a>on federal land, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42432.pdf\">fell\u003c/a> under the Obama administration. That could impact California, the nation’s No. 3 oil state, where 7\u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/bakersfield/Programs/Minerals/bkfo_minerals.print.html\"> percent of oil wells are on federal land\u003c/a>, according to the BLM.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump’s EPA, in particular, will affect clean air and clean water in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump has threatened to eliminate the EPA entirely, although he recently walked back that comment, saying he wants to \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-backs-off-plan-to-eliminate-epa/article/2602581\">focus\u003c/a> the agency on ensuring clean air and water. But there are many ways to do this, some of which are top-down and regulatory, while others are more voluntary and market-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the ways the EPA has traditionally ensured clean air and drinking water is creating emissions and concentration standards that polluters have to meet, enforcing them with penalties, and passing stricter ones over time. Horowitz worries a Trump EPA will let that approach slide, becoming business- and industry-friendly at the expense of public health. “It’s very clear he’s one of those Republicans who sees environmental protection and business interests at odd with each other, as opposed to things that can and should co-exist,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is legally allowed to pass state standards that are stricter than federal ones, but Horowitz says that’s difficult. “Without a really robust federal partner, we could see California’s progress on air quality slipping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California benefits from federal support for renewable energy, which a Republican-controlled Congress could cut off\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last December, lawmakers \u003ca href=\"http://https//www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/breaking-house-passes-1.1-trillion-spending-bill-with-renewable-energy-tax\">cut a deal\u003c/a> to extend federal tax credits for the wind and solar industries through 2017 and 2019 respectively. The deal would need congressional approval to be extended. And it could even be cut off prematurely, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/breaking--bad-news-for-us-solar-as-donald-trump-becomes-president-elect_100026842/#axzz4PYMuA4Ui\">writes solar energy columnist \u003c/a>Christian Roselund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has previously expressed his distaste for federal subsidies for clean energy. According to a memo released in late October, Trump pledged to “cancel all wasteful climate spending,” according to the Washington Post. Investors are clearly already worried: \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketwatch.com/story/solar-stocks-tank-and-lead-broader-energy-sector-lower-2016-11-09.\">Solar stocks plunged\u003c/a> following news he had won the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has huge implications for California, which has \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=24852\">nearly half \u003c/a>of the solar power generation in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Subsidies at the federal level can all have a role to play in how effectively we deploy clean energy, how much it competes on a playing field with fossil fuels,” Notthoff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as with climate change policy, state policies encouraging solar development will not be affected by this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s newly minted National Monuments likely to stay in place\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Antiquities Act, President Obama created a number of national monuments in California in the past eight years, including the San Gabriel Mountain National Monument in 2014. Experts say it’s highly unlikely that President Trump would reverse those designations because they’ve mostly received bipartisan support, and it’s unclear the Antiquities Act allows presidents to strip monument designations from locations that already have it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump could scrap the Obama administration’s plans to combat climate change once he takes office, a move that could shift climate policy making to local lawmakers instead of national ones, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, Trump made his vision for federal climate policy clear: He has promised to reverse Obama’s climate agenda, including the Clean Power Plan, which would cut carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants as a way to meet U.S. obligations under the Paris Climate Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Trump has appointed climate change skeptic Myron Ebell as the leader of the EPA’s transition team.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-backs-off-plan-to-eliminate-epa/article/2602581\">also said\u003c/a> he would “refocus” the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to become less regulatory and pledged to cancel U.S. involvement in the Paris pact. He promised to fully develop all of America’s coal, oil and natural gas as a way to become fully energy independent, and said wind and other renewable energy sources \u003ca href=\"http://www.thedickinsonpress.com/news/north-dakota/4041606-trump-ready-unleash-oil-industry\">are expensive\u003c/a> and work less effectively than fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a sign of where Trump will take federal agencies involved in climate regulation, he has appointed \u003ca href=\"https://cei.org/expert/myron-ebell\">Myron Ebell\u003c/a>, a climate change skeptic and director of the Center for Energy and Environment at the conservative Competitive Enterprise Institute, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-picks-top-climate-skeptic-to-lead-epa-transition/\">the leader\u003c/a> of the EPA’s transition team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts disagree about the extent to which Trump is likely to be successful in rolling back U.S. climate and energy policy, though many say he’ll be able to render carbon emissions regulations nearly impotent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an unmitigated disaster for U.S. climate policy,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ghgpolicy.org/about/\">Danny Cullenward\u003c/a>, an energy economist and lawyer at the Carnegie Institution for Science. “President Trump alone could unwind the Clean Power Plan, the Climate Action Plan and the United States’ commitment to Paris. With a supportive Senate, he will be able to appoint anyone he likes to key agencies and cabinet positions. With support in both houses of Congress, the legislative agenda is wide open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://blog.aee.net/author/arvin-ganesan\">Arvin Ganesan\u003c/a>, vice president of federal policy for the group Advanced Energy Economy and the former deputy chief of staff for policy at the EPA, said it’s too early to tell what Trump will do with the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we do know is the Clean Power Plan is just one factor driving a market that is already undergoing significant transformation,” Ganesan said. “Utilities, regional grid operators, and state regulators are already working to integrate advanced energy technologies to make our electric power system more reliable and affordable, and that also happen to reduce carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ganesan said he sees Trump’s election as a business opportunity for those who want to create jobs by improving the nation’s energy infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://web.law.columbia.edu/climate-change/about-center/staff-and-affiliates/michael-burger\">Michael Burger\u003c/a>, executive director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University, said that a Trump administration could be devastating for climate regulation in the U.S., but there are limits to what Trump will likely do right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulatory process for rescinding climate regulations is complicated and could take months or years, and those favoring regulations could sue to stop Trump from eliminating them, Burger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Obama has been challenged in court at every turn as he tried to reduce greenhouse gases,” Burger said. “You can be sure that Trump will also be challenged in court each and every step of the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Power Plan is already tied up in a lengthy court battle after 24 states sued to stop it. The Trump administration could choose not to defend it or allow it to be struck down by the Supreme Court, which would likely feature a Trump-appointee filling Justice Antonin Scalia’s open seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/stavins/home\">Robert Stavins\u003c/a>, director of the Environmental Economics Program at Harvard University, said that even with full GOP control of Congress, Trump is unlikely to repeal federal laws authorizing climate policies such as the Clean Power Plan because Democrats, who largely favor climate policy, will be able to filibuster any bill aiming to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Would he eliminate the EPA, as he also promised at one point?” Stavins said. “No. Again, that would require an act of Congress. But he could starve the agency through low funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2528\">Michael Gerrard\u003c/a>, faculty director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, said cutting funds to the EPA and other regulatory agencies through the appropriations process is something President Reagan did during the beginning of his administration in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that period, most of the action went down to the state level,” Gerrard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States, which are already laboratories for carbon-cutting policies, could become the nation’s bulwark against a federal government hostile to combating climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States’ actions are already driving a clean energy transition,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.analysisgroup.com/experts-and-staff/senior-advisors/susan-f--tierney/\">Susan Tierney\u003c/a>, senior advisor to the Analysis Group and former assistant secretary of policy for the U.S. Department of Energy. “Most of the states have been pushing for deeper investments in energy efficiency. State policies pushing for rooftop PV (photovoltaics) and utility-scale solar have transformed those markets. And states are increasingly adopting their own long-term carbon reduction targets. Yep, they’re leading the way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerrard said states can also regulate emissions from power plants within their borders, spur the development of new technology, create energy efficiency standards and find other ways of cutting carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many Northeastern states have \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/decision-on-climate-plan-jolts-carbon-prices-20497\">banded together\u003c/a> to create their own cap-and-trade program called the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. California has its own cap-and-trade program along with one of the nation’s most ambitious \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/us/californias-emissions-goal-is-a-milestone-on-climate-efforts.html\">climate goals\u003c/a> — to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. And Hawaii plans to go 100 percent renewable by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potential state action is the only climate-related silver lining to Trump’s election, but only if states reluctant to take action on climate follow suit, Cullenward said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States will continue to make progress on energy and climate issues, but it is absolutely critical that pro-climate states change strategy,” he said. “Absent a national commitment, the efforts of a few key states to continue with policy won’t make much of a difference in terms of absolute emissions — those states have already made progress and their accomplishments are easily offset by other states that take the opposite approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump could scrap the Obama administration’s plans to combat climate change once he takes office, a move that could shift climate policy making to local lawmakers instead of national ones, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, Trump made his vision for federal climate policy clear: He has promised to reverse Obama’s climate agenda, including the Clean Power Plan, which would cut carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants as a way to meet U.S. obligations under the Paris Climate Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Trump has appointed climate change skeptic Myron Ebell as the leader of the EPA’s transition team.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-backs-off-plan-to-eliminate-epa/article/2602581\">also said\u003c/a> he would “refocus” the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to become less regulatory and pledged to cancel U.S. involvement in the Paris pact. He promised to fully develop all of America’s coal, oil and natural gas as a way to become fully energy independent, and said wind and other renewable energy sources \u003ca href=\"http://www.thedickinsonpress.com/news/north-dakota/4041606-trump-ready-unleash-oil-industry\">are expensive\u003c/a> and work less effectively than fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a sign of where Trump will take federal agencies involved in climate regulation, he has appointed \u003ca href=\"https://cei.org/expert/myron-ebell\">Myron Ebell\u003c/a>, a climate change skeptic and director of the Center for Energy and Environment at the conservative Competitive Enterprise Institute, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-picks-top-climate-skeptic-to-lead-epa-transition/\">the leader\u003c/a> of the EPA’s transition team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts disagree about the extent to which Trump is likely to be successful in rolling back U.S. climate and energy policy, though many say he’ll be able to render carbon emissions regulations nearly impotent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an unmitigated disaster for U.S. climate policy,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ghgpolicy.org/about/\">Danny Cullenward\u003c/a>, an energy economist and lawyer at the Carnegie Institution for Science. “President Trump alone could unwind the Clean Power Plan, the Climate Action Plan and the United States’ commitment to Paris. With a supportive Senate, he will be able to appoint anyone he likes to key agencies and cabinet positions. With support in both houses of Congress, the legislative agenda is wide open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://blog.aee.net/author/arvin-ganesan\">Arvin Ganesan\u003c/a>, vice president of federal policy for the group Advanced Energy Economy and the former deputy chief of staff for policy at the EPA, said it’s too early to tell what Trump will do with the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we do know is the Clean Power Plan is just one factor driving a market that is already undergoing significant transformation,” Ganesan said. “Utilities, regional grid operators, and state regulators are already working to integrate advanced energy technologies to make our electric power system more reliable and affordable, and that also happen to reduce carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ganesan said he sees Trump’s election as a business opportunity for those who want to create jobs by improving the nation’s energy infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://web.law.columbia.edu/climate-change/about-center/staff-and-affiliates/michael-burger\">Michael Burger\u003c/a>, executive director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University, said that a Trump administration could be devastating for climate regulation in the U.S., but there are limits to what Trump will likely do right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulatory process for rescinding climate regulations is complicated and could take months or years, and those favoring regulations could sue to stop Trump from eliminating them, Burger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Obama has been challenged in court at every turn as he tried to reduce greenhouse gases,” Burger said. “You can be sure that Trump will also be challenged in court each and every step of the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Power Plan is already tied up in a lengthy court battle after 24 states sued to stop it. The Trump administration could choose not to defend it or allow it to be struck down by the Supreme Court, which would likely feature a Trump-appointee filling Justice Antonin Scalia’s open seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/stavins/home\">Robert Stavins\u003c/a>, director of the Environmental Economics Program at Harvard University, said that even with full GOP control of Congress, Trump is unlikely to repeal federal laws authorizing climate policies such as the Clean Power Plan because Democrats, who largely favor climate policy, will be able to filibuster any bill aiming to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Would he eliminate the EPA, as he also promised at one point?” Stavins said. “No. Again, that would require an act of Congress. But he could starve the agency through low funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2528\">Michael Gerrard\u003c/a>, faculty director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, said cutting funds to the EPA and other regulatory agencies through the appropriations process is something President Reagan did during the beginning of his administration in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that period, most of the action went down to the state level,” Gerrard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States, which are already laboratories for carbon-cutting policies, could become the nation’s bulwark against a federal government hostile to combating climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States’ actions are already driving a clean energy transition,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.analysisgroup.com/experts-and-staff/senior-advisors/susan-f--tierney/\">Susan Tierney\u003c/a>, senior advisor to the Analysis Group and former assistant secretary of policy for the U.S. Department of Energy. “Most of the states have been pushing for deeper investments in energy efficiency. State policies pushing for rooftop PV (photovoltaics) and utility-scale solar have transformed those markets. And states are increasingly adopting their own long-term carbon reduction targets. Yep, they’re leading the way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerrard said states can also regulate emissions from power plants within their borders, spur the development of new technology, create energy efficiency standards and find other ways of cutting carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many Northeastern states have \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/decision-on-climate-plan-jolts-carbon-prices-20497\">banded together\u003c/a> to create their own cap-and-trade program called the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. California has its own cap-and-trade program along with one of the nation’s most ambitious \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/us/californias-emissions-goal-is-a-milestone-on-climate-efforts.html\">climate goals\u003c/a> — to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. And Hawaii plans to go 100 percent renewable by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potential state action is the only climate-related silver lining to Trump’s election, but only if states reluctant to take action on climate follow suit, Cullenward said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States will continue to make progress on energy and climate issues, but it is absolutely critical that pro-climate states change strategy,” he said. “Absent a national commitment, the efforts of a few key states to continue with policy won’t make much of a difference in terms of absolute emissions — those states have already made progress and their accomplishments are easily offset by other states that take the opposite approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">California’s epic battle over plastic bags looks to be over — as of Wednesday evening 52 percent of voters have upheld the statewide ban on carryout bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">“The voters took a a very strong stand against a very deceptive multimillion-dollar campaign by out-of-state plastic bag makers who thought they could hijack California’s initiative and referendum system to protect their profits,” says Steven Maviglio, spokesman for the Yes on 67 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">In 2007, San Francisco became the first city in the nation to ban plastic bags, and about 150 cities and counties have followed suit. In 2014, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a statewide ban, but it never took effect because immediately after it became law, the American Progressive Bag Alliance (APBA), an industry group that lobbied against the bill, began collecting signatures to stop it with Proposition 67.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposition’s intent is to cut down on the cost of plastic pollution and unify the patchwork of local laws. California taxpayers spend $25 million every year to dispose used plastic bags, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a significant environmental victory!” exclaims Maviglio. “It immediately means that 25 million plastic bags that are polluting California every day will be removed from our waste stream and from our oceans, and our coasts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Lee Califf, executive director of the APBA, warns that voters have set themselves up for buyer’s remorse. “Plastic bag bans don’t meaningfully reduce overall waste or litter or provide a positive environmental impact, but they do threaten tens of thousands of American manufacturing jobs, hit consumers in the wallet and drive people to use less environmentally friendly carryout options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Proposition 67 passes, supermarkets and large grocery stores will no longer offer flimsy plastic bags. You will need to bring a bag or pay at least a dime for a paper or reusable bag. The 10-cent fee will be waived for low-income folks who pay with a state benefit card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small grocery stores, convenience stores and liquor stores would have 18 months to comply with the law. Stores could still offer thin plastic bags for bulk goods and produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All revenue from the bag ban would be directed toward educational campaigns or to cover the costs of providing paper bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other ballot measure backed by the ABPA would have funneled that 10-cent bag fee to a wildlife conservation fund, Proposition 65, but the measure failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, instead of bag fees going to an environmental fund, grocers will keep hundreds of millions of dollars in new profits without providing any public benefit,” says Califf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents of 65 thought the measure was a ploy by the plastic industry to confuse voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California voters saw right through the motivations of out-of-state corporations and overwhelmingly rejected it [Proposition 65] and kept the law as signed by the governor in place,” says Maviglio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would be the first state in the nation to ban plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">California’s epic battle over plastic bags looks to be over — as of Wednesday evening 52 percent of voters have upheld the statewide ban on carryout bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">“The voters took a a very strong stand against a very deceptive multimillion-dollar campaign by out-of-state plastic bag makers who thought they could hijack California’s initiative and referendum system to protect their profits,” says Steven Maviglio, spokesman for the Yes on 67 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">In 2007, San Francisco became the first city in the nation to ban plastic bags, and about 150 cities and counties have followed suit. In 2014, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a statewide ban, but it never took effect because immediately after it became law, the American Progressive Bag Alliance (APBA), an industry group that lobbied against the bill, began collecting signatures to stop it with Proposition 67.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposition’s intent is to cut down on the cost of plastic pollution and unify the patchwork of local laws. California taxpayers spend $25 million every year to dispose used plastic bags, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a significant environmental victory!” exclaims Maviglio. “It immediately means that 25 million plastic bags that are polluting California every day will be removed from our waste stream and from our oceans, and our coasts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Lee Califf, executive director of the APBA, warns that voters have set themselves up for buyer’s remorse. “Plastic bag bans don’t meaningfully reduce overall waste or litter or provide a positive environmental impact, but they do threaten tens of thousands of American manufacturing jobs, hit consumers in the wallet and drive people to use less environmentally friendly carryout options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Proposition 67 passes, supermarkets and large grocery stores will no longer offer flimsy plastic bags. You will need to bring a bag or pay at least a dime for a paper or reusable bag. The 10-cent fee will be waived for low-income folks who pay with a state benefit card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small grocery stores, convenience stores and liquor stores would have 18 months to comply with the law. Stores could still offer thin plastic bags for bulk goods and produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All revenue from the bag ban would be directed toward educational campaigns or to cover the costs of providing paper bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other ballot measure backed by the ABPA would have funneled that 10-cent bag fee to a wildlife conservation fund, Proposition 65, but the measure failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, instead of bag fees going to an environmental fund, grocers will keep hundreds of millions of dollars in new profits without providing any public benefit,” says Califf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents of 65 thought the measure was a ploy by the plastic industry to confuse voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California voters saw right through the motivations of out-of-state corporations and overwhelmingly rejected it [Proposition 65] and kept the law as signed by the governor in place,” says Maviglio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would be the first state in the nation to ban plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Climate Experts Weigh in on Trump’s Election Win",
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"content": "\u003cp>The election of Donald Trump as the nation’s next president spurred celebration in some quarters and dismay in others, including among those concerned about the steady warming of the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrestrained emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases have altered the Earth’s climate, \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/\">raising sea levels\u003c/a>, impacting ecosystems, and increasingly the likelihood of \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-evolving-role-in-extreme-weather-18501\">extreme weather\u003c/a>. In terms of numbers, the world’s temperature has risen by more than 1°F since 1900 and 2016 is expected to be the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/hottest-months-global-warming-20797\">hottest year on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though climate change was not a major topic in much election coverage — there were \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-climate-questions-the-next-president-should-answer-20804\">no questions on it\u003c/a> during the three presidential debates — many climate scientists and policy advocates supported Clinton. They expected that she would continue policies enacted by the Obama administration, such as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-suit-against-the-clean-power-plan-explained-20234\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a> and the signing of international agreements to limit warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s comments on climate change have included \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/09/27/trump-didnt-delete-his-tweet-calling-global-warming-a-chinese-hoax/\">calling it a hoax\u003c/a> and warning that \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsweek.com/2016/10/14/donald-trump-epa-myron-ebell-climate-change-505546.html\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> policies are costing the country jobs, though he has talked about the importance of maintaining clean air and water. He has suggested he will \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/trump-could-abandon-paris-climate-agreement-20711\">pull out of the landmark Paris agreement\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/11/09/rump-president-clean-energy-climate-change/\">scuttle the Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, as well as boost the domestic \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/us/politics/donald-trump-fracking.html\">coal and oil industries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. is only one country, it is a linchpin to the viability of international agreements and to moving the needle on limiting warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Tuesday’s landmark election, Climate Central reached out to climate, energy and policy researchers to see how they think a Trump presidency will impact climate research and efforts to limit future warming and mitigate what has already happened. We also asked what they think climate scientists should be doing in the coming weeks, months and years, including what they may personally be doing. Their answers have been lightly edited for clarity and brevity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://marine.rutgers.edu/~francis/\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Francis\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, sea ice researcher at Rutgers University:\u003c/strong> If President Trump acts on statements he made during the campaign, we are likely to see any federal efforts to curtail fossil fuel burning go up in smoke. I fear that funding for any scientific research related to the environment will be further cut by an unrestrained science-phobic Congress, even as we become ever more confident of the myriad ways that climate change is costing the U.S. economy billions of dollars, contributing to food and international insecurity, and disrupting daily life. As an optimist, I hope that a President Trump will become more open-minded than the candidate Trump and allow facts to guide his presidential decisions. I also hope that as president he will take his grandchildren to visit our great national parks and see the beauty that will be destroyed if he ignores those facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mother Nature did her share to influence this election by dishing up a smorgasbord of record-breaking heat, flooding, drought, and storms — yet, climate change was a non-issue. We know it’s adversely affecting wildlife, agriculture, fisheries, outdoor sports, transportation, you name it — so clearly scientists of all stripes need to tell this story better. I will be redoubling my efforts to help people recognize impacts of climate change on their own lives, and also see the solutions that must happen to reduce the mess we leave for our children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jacquelyngill.wordpress.com/\">\u003cstrong>Jacquelyn Gill\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, paleoecologist at the University of Maine:\u003c/strong> We have just elected the only climate denying president in the free world, with a Young Earth Creationist vice president. It’s hard to predict exactly how this will play out in terms of impacts to combat and mitigate against climate change, but one of the most immediate threats will be to the funding and agencies that support climate change research. Trump has gone on the record stating he’d cut funding for climate science, which will directly jeopardize ongoing efforts to understand how the climate system works, how to predict the impacts of climate change, and what the effective strategies for mitigation should be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I worry that Trump’s election will only rejuvenate the ongoing assault on climate scientists, both in terms of internet harassment and in Congress. In my opinion, scientists should be taking steps to protect the security of their online communications, their data, and their personal information. We should be supporting efforts like the Climate Legal Defense Fund. We should be careful about bringing new students into our labs while the future of science funding is so uncertain. We should be putting communication networks in place, reaching out to grant program officers, university administrators, and legislators, and doing what we can to advocate for the importance of our research and academic freedom at every level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even though it’s scary, we need to be reaching out to the public, now more than ever. We need to find our own outreach communities and connect with those people, and to undertake efforts to humanize climate science. And we need to work with the folks who aren’t scientists who are on the ground, on the front lines of climate change and climate justice, to make sure that we amplify their voices and pitch in where we can. This is going to be especially crucial for those of us who are in the most protected groups — white men especially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://katharinehayhoe.com/\">\u003cstrong>Katharine Hayhoe\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, climate modeler at Texas Tech University:\u003c/strong> I work with cities, states, and provinces — helping them prepare for a changing climate, building resilience to the impacts we can’t avoid, cutting carbon to reduce the impacts we can avoid. Cities like Washington, D.C., Chicago, and even tiny Georgetown, Texas, are at the forefront of this global movement. A president hostile to climate policy may be able to affect federal and even international action: but they can’t stop cities and that’s where the momentum is. That’s what gives me hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.andrewhoffman.net/\">\u003cstrong>Andrew Hoffman\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, sustainable development expert at the University of Michigan:\u003c/strong> Trump’s election throws the future of environmental policy, both in the U.S. and globally, into confusion. His stated and tweeted positions on climate change, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Paris climate accord, the Clean Power Plan and many other related issues suggest that the future of much of the programs and policies of the past administration, indeed many from administrations going back to President Nixon’s formation of the EPA, are in question. That said, Trump’s positions have been uneven (for example, while deriding some environmental policies, he has endorsed programs by the National Wildlife Federation to protect the Great Lakes; announcing “let’s make the Great Lakes great again”) and some seem to have been hastily announced (such as his tweet that climate change is a Chinese plot). Let’s wait and see how his positions solidify in the coming days of his administration. One aspect of Trump’s campaign has been his unpredictability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would also add that I wrote\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/climate-change-and-the-presidential-race-lessons-from-the-reagan-years-66194\"> this essay\u003c/a> to warn that he may be following a similar path that Reagan started down and had to stop. Reagan tried to stop the actions of the EPA and faced a latent interest among the general public on the environment that was aroused by his disregard for environmental policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/\">\u003cstrong>Mark Jacobson\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, clean energy researcher at Stanford:\u003c/strong> I’m most concerned with how a Trump presidency will affect solutions to climate change, air pollution, and energy security. Fortunately, the cost of wind and solar are very low now and dropping still, and clean-energy technologies and startups are widespread, so we have momentum. At the state level, many states are moving to clean, renewable energy. It is still in the economic interest of Republicans and Democrats to expand clean, renewable energy. In fact, the five states with the highest fraction of electricity from wind are all “red” states that voted for Trump. Those countries that move faster toward clean, renewable energy will create more jobs, develop their economies faster, become more energy independent, reduce catastrophic risk, including terrorism, associated with centralized plants, and live healthier and longer, so this should be an incentive to keep moving in the right direction. Since most efforts to solve the problems have been at the state level over the past four years in any case (e.g., California, New York, and even inadvertently in Iowa and South Dakota with their expansion of wind), I am confident state and local steps can continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will continue to do what I do, namely try to understand and solve the problems. There is nothing that an unsupportive president can do to stop my efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/personnel_bios/ralph_keeling\">\u003cstrong>Ralph Keeling\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, director of the Mauna Loa CO2 program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography: \u003c/strong>It’s not easy to formulate responses at this point. It’s clearly too early to tell what Trump will do to change the landscape on climate mitigation. For now we will be waiting to see how much his policies will be guided by the sometimes extreme views that guided his campaign — such as being in denial of the climate problem. It’s certainly easier to be in denial from the sidelines than from being in the driver’s seat, so there’s hope that a more reasoned approach will follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main step for the climate scientists is to keep working on the science. If we end up on a slower track on mitigating climate change, this just means we need a faster track on adaptation and preparedness. There’s a lot on the plate of the scientists regardless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.michaelmann.net/\">Michael Mann\u003c/a>, paleoclimate researcher at Penn State: \u003c/strong>A Trump presidency might be game over for the climate. In other words, it might make it impossible to stabilize planetary warming below dangerous (i.e. greater than 2°C) levels. If Trump makes good on his campaign promises and pulls out of the Paris Treaty, it is difficult to see a path forward to keeping warming below dangerous levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is time for introspection and contemplation. I’m still in the process of letting this sink in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/about/staff/laura-tam\">\u003cstrong>Laura Tam\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, sustainable development policy director at SPUR:\u003c/strong> As a policy analyst and advocate for local climate action, I can tell you that the urgency of sub-nationals and cities to take action to go fossil-free is even more important, and we should set up our systems to do this without the federal government, and perhaps in spite of it. The demonstration of the viability of 100 percent renewables for all energy needs can happen here in California and when we demonstrate the economic and environmental superiority of this model, the nation will not be long to follow. It will become inevitable. A Trump presidency will make local and state action even more urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.met.psu.edu/people/dwt12\">\u003cstrong>David Titley\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, climate and weather risk researcher at Penn State: \u003c/strong>Many black swans have taken flight this year. One thing science teaches you is that systems frequently revert to the mean. So, as dark as everything looks at this moment for fixing our climate, we need to have hope that we won’t realize the worst case. If there is a silver lining it’s that Trump does not seem bound by whatever he has said previously. So perhaps he will see the wisdom or at least self-interest, in investing in non-carbon, U.S.-produced, energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climate community has a huge challenge ahead, to frame this issue in a way that will resonate with the likely president-elect. It may not be possible but it would be negligent to not even try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The election of Donald Trump as the nation’s next president spurred celebration in some quarters and dismay in others, including among those concerned about the steady warming of the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrestrained emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases have altered the Earth’s climate, \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/\">raising sea levels\u003c/a>, impacting ecosystems, and increasingly the likelihood of \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-evolving-role-in-extreme-weather-18501\">extreme weather\u003c/a>. In terms of numbers, the world’s temperature has risen by more than 1°F since 1900 and 2016 is expected to be the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/hottest-months-global-warming-20797\">hottest year on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though climate change was not a major topic in much election coverage — there were \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-climate-questions-the-next-president-should-answer-20804\">no questions on it\u003c/a> during the three presidential debates — many climate scientists and policy advocates supported Clinton. They expected that she would continue policies enacted by the Obama administration, such as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-suit-against-the-clean-power-plan-explained-20234\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a> and the signing of international agreements to limit warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s comments on climate change have included \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/09/27/trump-didnt-delete-his-tweet-calling-global-warming-a-chinese-hoax/\">calling it a hoax\u003c/a> and warning that \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsweek.com/2016/10/14/donald-trump-epa-myron-ebell-climate-change-505546.html\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> policies are costing the country jobs, though he has talked about the importance of maintaining clean air and water. He has suggested he will \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/trump-could-abandon-paris-climate-agreement-20711\">pull out of the landmark Paris agreement\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/11/09/rump-president-clean-energy-climate-change/\">scuttle the Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, as well as boost the domestic \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/us/politics/donald-trump-fracking.html\">coal and oil industries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. is only one country, it is a linchpin to the viability of international agreements and to moving the needle on limiting warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Tuesday’s landmark election, Climate Central reached out to climate, energy and policy researchers to see how they think a Trump presidency will impact climate research and efforts to limit future warming and mitigate what has already happened. We also asked what they think climate scientists should be doing in the coming weeks, months and years, including what they may personally be doing. Their answers have been lightly edited for clarity and brevity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://marine.rutgers.edu/~francis/\">\u003cstrong>Jennifer Francis\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, sea ice researcher at Rutgers University:\u003c/strong> If President Trump acts on statements he made during the campaign, we are likely to see any federal efforts to curtail fossil fuel burning go up in smoke. I fear that funding for any scientific research related to the environment will be further cut by an unrestrained science-phobic Congress, even as we become ever more confident of the myriad ways that climate change is costing the U.S. economy billions of dollars, contributing to food and international insecurity, and disrupting daily life. As an optimist, I hope that a President Trump will become more open-minded than the candidate Trump and allow facts to guide his presidential decisions. I also hope that as president he will take his grandchildren to visit our great national parks and see the beauty that will be destroyed if he ignores those facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mother Nature did her share to influence this election by dishing up a smorgasbord of record-breaking heat, flooding, drought, and storms — yet, climate change was a non-issue. We know it’s adversely affecting wildlife, agriculture, fisheries, outdoor sports, transportation, you name it — so clearly scientists of all stripes need to tell this story better. I will be redoubling my efforts to help people recognize impacts of climate change on their own lives, and also see the solutions that must happen to reduce the mess we leave for our children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jacquelyngill.wordpress.com/\">\u003cstrong>Jacquelyn Gill\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, paleoecologist at the University of Maine:\u003c/strong> We have just elected the only climate denying president in the free world, with a Young Earth Creationist vice president. It’s hard to predict exactly how this will play out in terms of impacts to combat and mitigate against climate change, but one of the most immediate threats will be to the funding and agencies that support climate change research. Trump has gone on the record stating he’d cut funding for climate science, which will directly jeopardize ongoing efforts to understand how the climate system works, how to predict the impacts of climate change, and what the effective strategies for mitigation should be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I worry that Trump’s election will only rejuvenate the ongoing assault on climate scientists, both in terms of internet harassment and in Congress. In my opinion, scientists should be taking steps to protect the security of their online communications, their data, and their personal information. We should be supporting efforts like the Climate Legal Defense Fund. We should be careful about bringing new students into our labs while the future of science funding is so uncertain. We should be putting communication networks in place, reaching out to grant program officers, university administrators, and legislators, and doing what we can to advocate for the importance of our research and academic freedom at every level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even though it’s scary, we need to be reaching out to the public, now more than ever. We need to find our own outreach communities and connect with those people, and to undertake efforts to humanize climate science. And we need to work with the folks who aren’t scientists who are on the ground, on the front lines of climate change and climate justice, to make sure that we amplify their voices and pitch in where we can. This is going to be especially crucial for those of us who are in the most protected groups — white men especially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://katharinehayhoe.com/\">\u003cstrong>Katharine Hayhoe\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, climate modeler at Texas Tech University:\u003c/strong> I work with cities, states, and provinces — helping them prepare for a changing climate, building resilience to the impacts we can’t avoid, cutting carbon to reduce the impacts we can avoid. Cities like Washington, D.C., Chicago, and even tiny Georgetown, Texas, are at the forefront of this global movement. A president hostile to climate policy may be able to affect federal and even international action: but they can’t stop cities and that’s where the momentum is. That’s what gives me hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.andrewhoffman.net/\">\u003cstrong>Andrew Hoffman\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, sustainable development expert at the University of Michigan:\u003c/strong> Trump’s election throws the future of environmental policy, both in the U.S. and globally, into confusion. His stated and tweeted positions on climate change, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Paris climate accord, the Clean Power Plan and many other related issues suggest that the future of much of the programs and policies of the past administration, indeed many from administrations going back to President Nixon’s formation of the EPA, are in question. That said, Trump’s positions have been uneven (for example, while deriding some environmental policies, he has endorsed programs by the National Wildlife Federation to protect the Great Lakes; announcing “let’s make the Great Lakes great again”) and some seem to have been hastily announced (such as his tweet that climate change is a Chinese plot). Let’s wait and see how his positions solidify in the coming days of his administration. One aspect of Trump’s campaign has been his unpredictability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would also add that I wrote\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/climate-change-and-the-presidential-race-lessons-from-the-reagan-years-66194\"> this essay\u003c/a> to warn that he may be following a similar path that Reagan started down and had to stop. Reagan tried to stop the actions of the EPA and faced a latent interest among the general public on the environment that was aroused by his disregard for environmental policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/\">\u003cstrong>Mark Jacobson\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, clean energy researcher at Stanford:\u003c/strong> I’m most concerned with how a Trump presidency will affect solutions to climate change, air pollution, and energy security. Fortunately, the cost of wind and solar are very low now and dropping still, and clean-energy technologies and startups are widespread, so we have momentum. At the state level, many states are moving to clean, renewable energy. It is still in the economic interest of Republicans and Democrats to expand clean, renewable energy. In fact, the five states with the highest fraction of electricity from wind are all “red” states that voted for Trump. Those countries that move faster toward clean, renewable energy will create more jobs, develop their economies faster, become more energy independent, reduce catastrophic risk, including terrorism, associated with centralized plants, and live healthier and longer, so this should be an incentive to keep moving in the right direction. Since most efforts to solve the problems have been at the state level over the past four years in any case (e.g., California, New York, and even inadvertently in Iowa and South Dakota with their expansion of wind), I am confident state and local steps can continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will continue to do what I do, namely try to understand and solve the problems. There is nothing that an unsupportive president can do to stop my efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/personnel_bios/ralph_keeling\">\u003cstrong>Ralph Keeling\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, director of the Mauna Loa CO2 program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography: \u003c/strong>It’s not easy to formulate responses at this point. It’s clearly too early to tell what Trump will do to change the landscape on climate mitigation. For now we will be waiting to see how much his policies will be guided by the sometimes extreme views that guided his campaign — such as being in denial of the climate problem. It’s certainly easier to be in denial from the sidelines than from being in the driver’s seat, so there’s hope that a more reasoned approach will follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main step for the climate scientists is to keep working on the science. If we end up on a slower track on mitigating climate change, this just means we need a faster track on adaptation and preparedness. There’s a lot on the plate of the scientists regardless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.michaelmann.net/\">Michael Mann\u003c/a>, paleoclimate researcher at Penn State: \u003c/strong>A Trump presidency might be game over for the climate. In other words, it might make it impossible to stabilize planetary warming below dangerous (i.e. greater than 2°C) levels. If Trump makes good on his campaign promises and pulls out of the Paris Treaty, it is difficult to see a path forward to keeping warming below dangerous levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is time for introspection and contemplation. I’m still in the process of letting this sink in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/about/staff/laura-tam\">\u003cstrong>Laura Tam\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, sustainable development policy director at SPUR:\u003c/strong> As a policy analyst and advocate for local climate action, I can tell you that the urgency of sub-nationals and cities to take action to go fossil-free is even more important, and we should set up our systems to do this without the federal government, and perhaps in spite of it. The demonstration of the viability of 100 percent renewables for all energy needs can happen here in California and when we demonstrate the economic and environmental superiority of this model, the nation will not be long to follow. It will become inevitable. A Trump presidency will make local and state action even more urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.met.psu.edu/people/dwt12\">\u003cstrong>David Titley\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, climate and weather risk researcher at Penn State: \u003c/strong>Many black swans have taken flight this year. One thing science teaches you is that systems frequently revert to the mean. So, as dark as everything looks at this moment for fixing our climate, we need to have hope that we won’t realize the worst case. If there is a silver lining it’s that Trump does not seem bound by whatever he has said previously. So perhaps he will see the wisdom or at least self-interest, in investing in non-carbon, U.S.-produced, energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climate community has a huge challenge ahead, to frame this issue in a way that will resonate with the likely president-elect. It may not be possible but it would be negligent to not even try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hot and wild and with an “increasingly visible human footprint” — that’s how the U.N. weather agency sums up the global climate in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”DJNK6QpJN1KkOPiNtgV4a9AJApoO6mWN”]In a \u003ca href=\"http://ane4bf-datap1.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wmocms/s3fs-public/1179_EN.pdf?WevaJ8QIS5ntCjcWd7OYyZfhIDKuews9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report released Tuesday\u003c/a> at international climate talks in Morocco, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Meteorological Organization\u003c/a> said 2011-2015 was the hottest five-year period on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes as no surprise as WMO’s annual reports have showed record average temperatures in 2014 and 2015. But the agency said the five-year report provides a better overview of warming trends and extreme events such as prolonged droughts and recurrent heatwaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just had the hottest five-year period on record, with 2015 claiming the title of hottest individual year. Even that record is likely to be beaten in 2016,” said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WMO’s preliminary climate assessment for 2016 is set to be released next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s complicated to draw links between single weather events and climate change, the report found that many extreme events during the period were made more likely as a result of man-made climate change. In the case of some extreme high temperatures, the probability increased by a factor of 10 or more, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Examples include the record high seasonal and annual temperatures in the United States in 2012 and in Australia in 2013, hot summers in eastern Asia and western Europe in 2013, heatwaves in spring and autumn 2014 in Australia, record annual warmth in Europe in 2014, and a heatwave in Argentina in December 2013,” WMO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report found no strong climate change link for extreme rainfall events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Arctic summer sea ice coverage was 28 percent below the 1981-2010 average, reaching a record low in 2012. By contrast the Antarctic sea ice was above average, especially the winter maximum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Surface melting of the Greenland ice sheet — a contributor to rising seas — continued at above-average levels, exceeding the 1981-2010 average in all five years from 2011 to 2015. Mountain glaciers also continued their decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Snow cover in the northern hemisphere was “well below average” in all five years, continuing a strong downward trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists who were not involved with the report said it underscored the need for governments to boost efforts to fight climate change beyond their pledges for last year’s landmark Paris Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence is overwhelming,” said Chris Field, director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. “The new report from WMO is a clarion call for embracing and going beyond the goals of the Paris Agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris deal calls for keeping global temperature rises below 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial times. The average temperature in 2015, partly influenced by a powerful El Nino event, was already halfway there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Halting global warming at a manageable level, as the world’s nations decided in the Paris Agreement, is now a race against time,” said Stefan Rahmstorf of the Potsdam Institute in Germany.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hot and wild and with an “increasingly visible human footprint” — that’s how the U.N. weather agency sums up the global climate in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://ane4bf-datap1.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wmocms/s3fs-public/1179_EN.pdf?WevaJ8QIS5ntCjcWd7OYyZfhIDKuews9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report released Tuesday\u003c/a> at international climate talks in Morocco, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Meteorological Organization\u003c/a> said 2011-2015 was the hottest five-year period on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes as no surprise as WMO’s annual reports have showed record average temperatures in 2014 and 2015. But the agency said the five-year report provides a better overview of warming trends and extreme events such as prolonged droughts and recurrent heatwaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just had the hottest five-year period on record, with 2015 claiming the title of hottest individual year. Even that record is likely to be beaten in 2016,” said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WMO’s preliminary climate assessment for 2016 is set to be released next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s complicated to draw links between single weather events and climate change, the report found that many extreme events during the period were made more likely as a result of man-made climate change. In the case of some extreme high temperatures, the probability increased by a factor of 10 or more, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Examples include the record high seasonal and annual temperatures in the United States in 2012 and in Australia in 2013, hot summers in eastern Asia and western Europe in 2013, heatwaves in spring and autumn 2014 in Australia, record annual warmth in Europe in 2014, and a heatwave in Argentina in December 2013,” WMO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report found no strong climate change link for extreme rainfall events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Arctic summer sea ice coverage was 28 percent below the 1981-2010 average, reaching a record low in 2012. By contrast the Antarctic sea ice was above average, especially the winter maximum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Surface melting of the Greenland ice sheet — a contributor to rising seas — continued at above-average levels, exceeding the 1981-2010 average in all five years from 2011 to 2015. Mountain glaciers also continued their decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Snow cover in the northern hemisphere was “well below average” in all five years, continuing a strong downward trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists who were not involved with the report said it underscored the need for governments to boost efforts to fight climate change beyond their pledges for last year’s landmark Paris Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence is overwhelming,” said Chris Field, director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. “The new report from WMO is a clarion call for embracing and going beyond the goals of the Paris Agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris deal calls for keeping global temperature rises below 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial times. The average temperature in 2015, partly influenced by a powerful El Nino event, was already halfway there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Halting global warming at a manageable level, as the world’s nations decided in the Paris Agreement, is now a race against time,” said Stefan Rahmstorf of the Potsdam Institute in Germany.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Let It Burn: The Forest Service Wants to Stop Putting Out Some Fires",
"headTitle": "Let It Burn: The Forest Service Wants to Stop Putting Out Some Fires | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s fire season hasn’t turned out to be as bad as some feared this year. In fact, forest managers say that certain kinds of fires — the “good” fires — were sorely lacking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Nevada forests are adapted to low-intensity fires that clear the underbrush and prevent trees from getting too dense. After a century of fire suppression, many forests are overgrown, which can make catastrophic fires worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So forest managers are piloting a new policy designed to shift a century-old mentality about fire in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to let naturally-caused fires burn when they aren’t a threat to homes or people. But actually making those decisions on the ground isn’t easy in a crowded state like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/11/WebFireSommer161104.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decisions on the Front Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the U.S. Forest Service allows some fires to burn on a case-by-case basis, as in early September, when forest managers got reports of smoke in the Sierra National Forest, south of Yosemite, after a dry lightning storm rolled through.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The fires are coming one way or another. How do we want them to be?’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Alan Taylor, U.S. Forest Service\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The fire was really small at that point,” says Sarah LaPlante, the forest ranger on duty at the time. “It was probably about a quarter of an acre.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was dubbed the Crown Fire and LaPlante had to make the call about how to handle it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t put firefighters right on the line trying to stop the fire right where the fire is,” she says. “We can actually let the fire burn in a controlled way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1134221\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1134221\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire.jpg\" alt=\"The 2016 Crown Fire burned the forest floor, but didn't torch the treetops.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1142\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-160x95.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-800x476.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-768x457.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-1020x607.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-1180x702.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-960x571.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-240x143.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-375x223.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-520x309.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2016 Crown Fire burned the forest floor, but didn’t torch the treetops. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fire was extremely remote and the weather was cooling off, so she gave the order to let it spread, keeping a close watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t torching trees,” she says. “It was just cleaning the forest floor. Getting rid of all of that over-accumulation of dead, woody debris.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was exactly the low-intensity fire that LaPlante wanted to see. Around 800 acres have burned so far. Winter rains are expected to put the fire out in a couple weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But being on the front lines of those decisions is never easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something that you take really seriously and there is some level of nerves,” LaPlante says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very rarely, these decisions go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Losing Control\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years ago, rangers let a fire burn in Lassen Volcanic National Park. But the winds picked up and the fire spread thousands of acres toward the community of Old Station, an hour from Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Smoke was so heavy here ’cause it was blowing our direction,” says John Wallace, a restaurant-owner in Old Station who got ready to evacuate. “It was a scary situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qSiCfPblZjWfYCn8ELcWmi7sbsm6nUhK”]Luckily, the town was spared, but residents were angry and congressional hearings were held to investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just the fact that they let it burn and get away from them,” Wallace says. “I mean, anytime something affects you that way people get upset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near-disasters like that make forest managers hesitant to let any fire burn. And scientists say that only makes things worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Fire Deficit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So these are collections of fire scars from all over,” says fire scientist Scott Stephens, pointing to cross-sections of old trees inside his lab on the UC Berkeley campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see each of these small black marks that are recorded in the wood, in the tree rings, are actually a past fire that the tree survived.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1134223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1632px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1134223\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley scientist Scott Stephens shows the fire history in a tree cross-section.\" width=\"1632\" height=\"1136\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens.jpg 1632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-800x557.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-768x535.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-1180x821.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-960x668.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-240x167.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-375x261.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-520x362.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1632px) 100vw, 1632px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley scientist Scott Stephens shows the fire history in a tree cross-section. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rings show that this centuries-old Pondarosa Pine used to survive low-intensity fires every six to twelve years. Those fires kept young trees from growing up to crowd the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, forests in the Sierra Nevada are typically much denser than they once were, which can fuel catastrophic fires like the Rim Fire in Yosemite three years ago. Stephens says today there’s actually a fire deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds crazy, but if you think about how fire used to work the land, millions of acres burned every year,” he says. “But you didn’t have things like the Rim Fire that actually causes a 20,000-acre patch of forest to completely die. No living trees for miles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens clarified that in those patches, 95 percent or more of the trees died, making it difficult for the forest to regenerate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the legacy of Smokey Bear, and it hasn’t been easy for the Forest Service to change that legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changing the Default\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a better understanding of the role of fire now as an agency and probably as a society,” says Alan Taylor, a fire planner with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time in decades, the Forest Service is changing its fire suppression policy in three national forests in the Sierra Nevada. The Sierra, Inyo and Sequoia National Forests are piloting this new approach, as part of an update to their forest management plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is creating fire risk zones by using computer models to analyze the terrain, type of forest and possible weather scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some zones, near towns and roads, are protected, and fires there would be put out. But in another zone, covering 40 percent of the land, rangers would have to answer a question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s a lightning-caused fire, why are we putting it out?” says Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1134225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1134225\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1.jpg\" alt='Firefighters lit a \"back-burn\" to control the Reading Fire in 2012.' width=\"1920\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-160x81.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-800x403.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-768x387.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-1020x514.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-1180x594.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-960x484.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-240x121.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-375x189.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-520x262.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters lit a “back-burn” to control the Reading Fire in 2012. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This changes the default. Before, rangers had to make the case for letting a fire burn, but now, they’d have to justify putting it out if there’s no danger to people or homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take time, but we’re trying to put the tools in the deciders’ hands to start working toward having fire back in its natural role in these ecosystems,” says Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a downside: more fire means more smoke and the Central Valley already has some of the worst air quality in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It probably will be smokier at times than what we’re used to,” Taylor acknowledges. But he says the smoke from low-intensity fires is easier to manage than smoke from catastrophic fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fires are coming one way or another,” Taylor says. “How do we want them to be? If we keep putting them out and the fuels keep growing, eventually it gets to the point that you can’t put it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to be simple and it’s not going to be completely predictable,” says Stephens. “But I know one thing for certain. If we continue to have that backlog of forests that are in terrible shape, I call that a freight train having a wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Forest Service’s new approach encourages fire in California forests, it could be adopted by other forests across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: A line was added to clarify the extent of tree mortality in the Rim Fire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s fire season hasn’t turned out to be as bad as some feared this year. In fact, forest managers say that certain kinds of fires — the “good” fires — were sorely lacking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Nevada forests are adapted to low-intensity fires that clear the underbrush and prevent trees from getting too dense. After a century of fire suppression, many forests are overgrown, which can make catastrophic fires worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So forest managers are piloting a new policy designed to shift a century-old mentality about fire in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to let naturally-caused fires burn when they aren’t a threat to homes or people. But actually making those decisions on the ground isn’t easy in a crowded state like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decisions on the Front Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the U.S. Forest Service allows some fires to burn on a case-by-case basis, as in early September, when forest managers got reports of smoke in the Sierra National Forest, south of Yosemite, after a dry lightning storm rolled through.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The fires are coming one way or another. How do we want them to be?’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Alan Taylor, U.S. Forest Service\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The fire was really small at that point,” says Sarah LaPlante, the forest ranger on duty at the time. “It was probably about a quarter of an acre.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was dubbed the Crown Fire and LaPlante had to make the call about how to handle it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t put firefighters right on the line trying to stop the fire right where the fire is,” she says. “We can actually let the fire burn in a controlled way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1134221\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1134221\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire.jpg\" alt=\"The 2016 Crown Fire burned the forest floor, but didn't torch the treetops.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1142\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-160x95.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-800x476.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-768x457.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-1020x607.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-1180x702.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-960x571.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-240x143.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-375x223.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/crownfire-520x309.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2016 Crown Fire burned the forest floor, but didn’t torch the treetops. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fire was extremely remote and the weather was cooling off, so she gave the order to let it spread, keeping a close watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t torching trees,” she says. “It was just cleaning the forest floor. Getting rid of all of that over-accumulation of dead, woody debris.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was exactly the low-intensity fire that LaPlante wanted to see. Around 800 acres have burned so far. Winter rains are expected to put the fire out in a couple weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But being on the front lines of those decisions is never easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something that you take really seriously and there is some level of nerves,” LaPlante says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very rarely, these decisions go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Losing Control\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years ago, rangers let a fire burn in Lassen Volcanic National Park. But the winds picked up and the fire spread thousands of acres toward the community of Old Station, an hour from Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Smoke was so heavy here ’cause it was blowing our direction,” says John Wallace, a restaurant-owner in Old Station who got ready to evacuate. “It was a scary situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Luckily, the town was spared, but residents were angry and congressional hearings were held to investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just the fact that they let it burn and get away from them,” Wallace says. “I mean, anytime something affects you that way people get upset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near-disasters like that make forest managers hesitant to let any fire burn. And scientists say that only makes things worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Fire Deficit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So these are collections of fire scars from all over,” says fire scientist Scott Stephens, pointing to cross-sections of old trees inside his lab on the UC Berkeley campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see each of these small black marks that are recorded in the wood, in the tree rings, are actually a past fire that the tree survived.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1134223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1632px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1134223\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley scientist Scott Stephens shows the fire history in a tree cross-section.\" width=\"1632\" height=\"1136\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens.jpg 1632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-800x557.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-768x535.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-1180x821.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-960x668.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-240x167.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-375x261.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Stephens-520x362.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1632px) 100vw, 1632px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley scientist Scott Stephens shows the fire history in a tree cross-section. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rings show that this centuries-old Pondarosa Pine used to survive low-intensity fires every six to twelve years. Those fires kept young trees from growing up to crowd the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, forests in the Sierra Nevada are typically much denser than they once were, which can fuel catastrophic fires like the Rim Fire in Yosemite three years ago. Stephens says today there’s actually a fire deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds crazy, but if you think about how fire used to work the land, millions of acres burned every year,” he says. “But you didn’t have things like the Rim Fire that actually causes a 20,000-acre patch of forest to completely die. No living trees for miles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens clarified that in those patches, 95 percent or more of the trees died, making it difficult for the forest to regenerate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the legacy of Smokey Bear, and it hasn’t been easy for the Forest Service to change that legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changing the Default\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a better understanding of the role of fire now as an agency and probably as a society,” says Alan Taylor, a fire planner with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time in decades, the Forest Service is changing its fire suppression policy in three national forests in the Sierra Nevada. The Sierra, Inyo and Sequoia National Forests are piloting this new approach, as part of an update to their forest management plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is creating fire risk zones by using computer models to analyze the terrain, type of forest and possible weather scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some zones, near towns and roads, are protected, and fires there would be put out. But in another zone, covering 40 percent of the land, rangers would have to answer a question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s a lightning-caused fire, why are we putting it out?” says Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1134225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1134225\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1.jpg\" alt='Firefighters lit a \"back-burn\" to control the Reading Fire in 2012.' width=\"1920\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-160x81.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-800x403.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-768x387.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-1020x514.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-1180x594.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-960x484.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-240x121.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-375x189.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/ReadingFire1-520x262.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters lit a “back-burn” to control the Reading Fire in 2012. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This changes the default. Before, rangers had to make the case for letting a fire burn, but now, they’d have to justify putting it out if there’s no danger to people or homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take time, but we’re trying to put the tools in the deciders’ hands to start working toward having fire back in its natural role in these ecosystems,” says Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a downside: more fire means more smoke and the Central Valley already has some of the worst air quality in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It probably will be smokier at times than what we’re used to,” Taylor acknowledges. But he says the smoke from low-intensity fires is easier to manage than smoke from catastrophic fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fires are coming one way or another,” Taylor says. “How do we want them to be? If we keep putting them out and the fuels keep growing, eventually it gets to the point that you can’t put it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to be simple and it’s not going to be completely predictable,” says Stephens. “But I know one thing for certain. If we continue to have that backlog of forests that are in terrible shape, I call that a freight train having a wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Forest Service’s new approach encourages fire in California forests, it could be adopted by other forests across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: A line was added to clarify the extent of tree mortality in the Rim Fire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The World Isn’t Doing Enough to Slow Climate Change",
"headTitle": "The World Isn’t Doing Enough to Slow Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/landmark-paris-climate-pact-take-effect-30-days-20766\">Paris Agreement to limit global warming\u003c/a> goes into effect Friday. It’s stated goal is to keep the world from warming more than 2°C (3.6°F) above pre-industrial times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s just one problem: the greenhouse gas emissions reductions countries have pledged so aren’t nearly enough to meet that goal, according to the United Nations’ Environmental Program’s fifth annual emissions gap report\u003ca href=\"https://web.unep.org/emissionsgap/\"> published\u003c/a> on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The carbon pollution cuts on the table from now through 2030 will put the world on a trajectory to warm 3.4°C (6.1°F) by 2100. In order to keep warming close to the 2°C threshold, the world will have to find a way to cut an additional 25 percent of its carbon pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, around 39 gigatons of carbon dioxide was emitted globally. While the Paris Agreement will limit emissions, particularly in developed countries, a number of developed countries will still likely see their emissions rise over the coming decade. For example, China is expected to peak its emissions in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the world’s cumulative emissions could reach 52 gigatons by 2030 — even if all Paris Agreement pledges are met (and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/americas-climate-rules-fall-short-20731\">that’s a big if\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are based on the concept of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/ipcc-climate-change-report-contains-grave-carbon-budget-message-16569\">carbon budget\u003c/a> — basically how much carbon pollution the world can emit while still remaining below the 2°C threshold. The world is already \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-world-is-halfway-to-2c-19663\">halfway through the 2°C carbon budget\u003c/a>. Current trends will take us well past the carbon budget for 1.5°C and right against the limits of the 2°C carbon budget. We’ve already come close to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/world-flirts-with-1.5C-threshold-20260\">1.5°C threshold\u003c/a> for a few months this year (which will incidentially be \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/september-hottest-month-climate-change-20791\">the world’s hottest\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep the world on a trajectory that makes 2°C feasible and doesn’t require even more drastic cuts, the world will have to find a way to cut an additional 12-14 gigatons of carbon pollution by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing this report so close to the Paris Agreement going into force and the climate talks kicking off next week in Morocco is an important reminder to policymakers that more has to be done. Climate change is an issue with little regard for wiggle room and the overdraft penalty for overshooting the carbon budget is steep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entire nations could \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-goal-surging-in-paris-19782\">disappear under rising seas\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/worlds-poorest-most-at-risk-from-drought-conflict-20793\">Conflict\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/zika-virus-climate-change-19970\">disease\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/pests-pose-increasing-risk-to-food-security-17964\">food insecurity\u003c/a> could become more common. Some of the ecosystems that support us could collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the bad news about the current trajectory, the report shows that there’s a path forward where the world closes its carbon emissions gap and stands a better chance of achieving the 2°C goal. Cities, private corporations and regional governments could play a big role in doing that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York, for example, is planning to reduce its emissions 80 percent by 2050. That’s both a larger cut and a longer timeframe than the current U.S. commitment to the Paris Agreement, which is to cut emissions 26-28 percent below 2005 level in 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy efficiency could also help shave another few gigatons off the carbon budget overdraft, particularly emissions from buildings. Ultimately, the report shows that keeping global warming in check isn’t solely the responsibility of large government or small ones, but everyone on the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/landmark-paris-climate-pact-take-effect-30-days-20766\">Paris Agreement to limit global warming\u003c/a> goes into effect Friday. It’s stated goal is to keep the world from warming more than 2°C (3.6°F) above pre-industrial times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s just one problem: the greenhouse gas emissions reductions countries have pledged so aren’t nearly enough to meet that goal, according to the United Nations’ Environmental Program’s fifth annual emissions gap report\u003ca href=\"https://web.unep.org/emissionsgap/\"> published\u003c/a> on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The carbon pollution cuts on the table from now through 2030 will put the world on a trajectory to warm 3.4°C (6.1°F) by 2100. In order to keep warming close to the 2°C threshold, the world will have to find a way to cut an additional 25 percent of its carbon pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, around 39 gigatons of carbon dioxide was emitted globally. While the Paris Agreement will limit emissions, particularly in developed countries, a number of developed countries will still likely see their emissions rise over the coming decade. For example, China is expected to peak its emissions in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the world’s cumulative emissions could reach 52 gigatons by 2030 — even if all Paris Agreement pledges are met (and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/americas-climate-rules-fall-short-20731\">that’s a big if\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are based on the concept of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/ipcc-climate-change-report-contains-grave-carbon-budget-message-16569\">carbon budget\u003c/a> — basically how much carbon pollution the world can emit while still remaining below the 2°C threshold. The world is already \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-world-is-halfway-to-2c-19663\">halfway through the 2°C carbon budget\u003c/a>. Current trends will take us well past the carbon budget for 1.5°C and right against the limits of the 2°C carbon budget. We’ve already come close to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/world-flirts-with-1.5C-threshold-20260\">1.5°C threshold\u003c/a> for a few months this year (which will incidentially be \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/september-hottest-month-climate-change-20791\">the world’s hottest\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep the world on a trajectory that makes 2°C feasible and doesn’t require even more drastic cuts, the world will have to find a way to cut an additional 12-14 gigatons of carbon pollution by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing this report so close to the Paris Agreement going into force and the climate talks kicking off next week in Morocco is an important reminder to policymakers that more has to be done. Climate change is an issue with little regard for wiggle room and the overdraft penalty for overshooting the carbon budget is steep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entire nations could \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-goal-surging-in-paris-19782\">disappear under rising seas\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/worlds-poorest-most-at-risk-from-drought-conflict-20793\">Conflict\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/zika-virus-climate-change-19970\">disease\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/pests-pose-increasing-risk-to-food-security-17964\">food insecurity\u003c/a> could become more common. Some of the ecosystems that support us could collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the bad news about the current trajectory, the report shows that there’s a path forward where the world closes its carbon emissions gap and stands a better chance of achieving the 2°C goal. Cities, private corporations and regional governments could play a big role in doing that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York, for example, is planning to reduce its emissions 80 percent by 2050. That’s both a larger cut and a longer timeframe than the current U.S. commitment to the Paris Agreement, which is to cut emissions 26-28 percent below 2005 level in 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy efficiency could also help shave another few gigatons off the carbon budget overdraft, particularly emissions from buildings. Ultimately, the report shows that keeping global warming in check isn’t solely the responsibility of large government or small ones, but everyone on the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Locally caught Dungeness crab is headed for Bay Area tables soon, following the virtual shutdown of last year's crab season due to unsafe levels of the neurotoxin \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/Pages/fdbDomoicAcidInfo.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2016/11/02/recreational-dungeness-crab-season-to-open-statewide-nov-5/\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> says the toxin is no longer a concern in most coastal waters, and recreational anglers can start catching Dungeness crab on Nov. 5 as scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials say the meat is safe to consume, but they’ve issued a health warning against eating the internal organs of crab caught north of Point Reyes because of the possibility of continued concentrations of the toxin. The crab viscera -- the buttery greenish tissue inside the crab's body -- is considered a delicacy by some. However, testing is still turning up elevated levels of domoic acid in some crabs caught off the North Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best way to reduce risk is to remove the crab viscera and rinse out the body cavity prior to cooking,” says Fish and Wildlife spokeswoman Jordan Traverso. The other options, she says, is to boil or steam whole crab instead of frying or broiling, and then discard the cooking liquids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commercial season is scheduled to begin Nov. 15. But officials say they’re still waiting for the results of additional testing before giving the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/conservation/marine/invertebrates/crabs\">all clear.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Locally caught Dungeness crab is headed for Bay Area tables soon, following the virtual shutdown of last year's crab season due to unsafe levels of the neurotoxin \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/Pages/fdbDomoicAcidInfo.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2016/11/02/recreational-dungeness-crab-season-to-open-statewide-nov-5/\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> says the toxin is no longer a concern in most coastal waters, and recreational anglers can start catching Dungeness crab on Nov. 5 as scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials say the meat is safe to consume, but they’ve issued a health warning against eating the internal organs of crab caught north of Point Reyes because of the possibility of continued concentrations of the toxin. The crab viscera -- the buttery greenish tissue inside the crab's body -- is considered a delicacy by some. However, testing is still turning up elevated levels of domoic acid in some crabs caught off the North Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best way to reduce risk is to remove the crab viscera and rinse out the body cavity prior to cooking,” says Fish and Wildlife spokeswoman Jordan Traverso. The other options, she says, is to boil or steam whole crab instead of frying or broiling, and then discard the cooking liquids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commercial season is scheduled to begin Nov. 15. But officials say they’re still waiting for the results of additional testing before giving the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/conservation/marine/invertebrates/crabs\">all clear.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera today filed suit against the developer of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2016/09/14/san-francisco-officials-search-for-answers-as-millennium-tower-sinks/\" target=\"_blank\">Millennium Tower\u003c/a>, alleging that the company knew that the luxury high-rise was sinking more than expected before it began selling units, but failed to disclose the information to buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said the developer, Mission Street Development LLC, an affiliate of Millennium Partners, knew as early as February 2008 that the 58-story tower at 301 Mission St. had sunk nearly 6 inches, the maximum amount engineers had predicted over the lifetime of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the units went on sale in 2009, the firm knew that it had sunk 8.3 inches, and by the end of 2009, the developer knew it was sinking at different rates in different areas, potentially causing a tilt, the suit alleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before they had sold a single condo, Mission Street Development LLC knew their building had sunk more than it was supposed to in its lifetime -- and that it was still sinking,\" Herrera said. \"Yet they didn't tell the homebuyers, as they're required to do so under the law. It's that simple.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SF-s-landmark-tower-for-rich-and-famous-is-8920197.php\" target=\"_blank\">News reports\u003c/a> surfaced this summer indicating that the Millennium Tower was sinking and leaning. Current projections suggest it could ultimately sink more than 30 inches. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/City-attorney-sues-Millennium-developer-says-10591174.php\" target=\"_blank\">story in today's San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> says \"the high-rise has sunk at least 16 inches and is tilting 2 inches to the northeast at the base.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since that time, the developer and various agencies have worked to blame each other, while homeowners have watched the value of their units drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole reason for the expansive law in this area is so that people don't get ripped off and that they're protected,\" Herrera said. \"That's what in our view makes this particularly egregious.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millennium Partners has maintained that the building's excess settlement is directly caused by excessive groundwater pumping next door at the Transbay Transit Center site, which began construction in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Transbay Joint Powers Authority, the agency responsible for the transit center, in turn has blamed the building's settlement on its design, which combines heavier-than-usual concrete construction with a concrete slab foundation and piles that go into sand rather than down to bedrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some homeowners say they would like to see criminal fraud charges brought against Millennium Partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Clearly, there's criminally fraudulent conduct here,\" said Jerry Dodson, a lawyer and resident of Millennium Towers who spoke to reporters after the announcement. Dodson said he hopes to meet with both Herrera and District Attorney George Gascón in the near future to talk about potential criminal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's suit by the city was filed as a cross-complaint in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/First-lawsuit-filed-over-leaning-tower-of-SF-9132750.php\" target=\"_blank\">class action lawsuit\u003c/a> filed by some homeowners against the developer and the Transbay Joint Powers Authority in August. San Francisco is a party to the Joint Powers Authority, and as such faces potential liability in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millennium Partners issued a statement today saying the city attorney's allegations had \"no merit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The City Attorney's action today has nothing to do with protecting public safety, the building, or its residents,\" the developer said in a statement. \"Instead, it's an effort by the City of San Francisco to duck its responsibilities and avoid paying for the harm caused by TJPA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent to which city building officials knew of the building's troubles has been the subject of two recent hearings held by Supervisor Aaron Peskin. The Department of Building Inspection sent at least one letter to the developer to inquire about reports of excess settlement in 2009, but does not appear to have followed up again until media coverage of the problem began this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera today said city building officials did not have information on potential problems with the building until this past July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ryan Levi contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera today filed suit against the developer of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2016/09/14/san-francisco-officials-search-for-answers-as-millennium-tower-sinks/\" target=\"_blank\">Millennium Tower\u003c/a>, alleging that the company knew that the luxury high-rise was sinking more than expected before it began selling units, but failed to disclose the information to buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said the developer, Mission Street Development LLC, an affiliate of Millennium Partners, knew as early as February 2008 that the 58-story tower at 301 Mission St. had sunk nearly 6 inches, the maximum amount engineers had predicted over the lifetime of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the units went on sale in 2009, the firm knew that it had sunk 8.3 inches, and by the end of 2009, the developer knew it was sinking at different rates in different areas, potentially causing a tilt, the suit alleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before they had sold a single condo, Mission Street Development LLC knew their building had sunk more than it was supposed to in its lifetime -- and that it was still sinking,\" Herrera said. \"Yet they didn't tell the homebuyers, as they're required to do so under the law. It's that simple.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SF-s-landmark-tower-for-rich-and-famous-is-8920197.php\" target=\"_blank\">News reports\u003c/a> surfaced this summer indicating that the Millennium Tower was sinking and leaning. Current projections suggest it could ultimately sink more than 30 inches. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/City-attorney-sues-Millennium-developer-says-10591174.php\" target=\"_blank\">story in today's San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> says \"the high-rise has sunk at least 16 inches and is tilting 2 inches to the northeast at the base.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since that time, the developer and various agencies have worked to blame each other, while homeowners have watched the value of their units drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole reason for the expansive law in this area is so that people don't get ripped off and that they're protected,\" Herrera said. \"That's what in our view makes this particularly egregious.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millennium Partners has maintained that the building's excess settlement is directly caused by excessive groundwater pumping next door at the Transbay Transit Center site, which began construction in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Transbay Joint Powers Authority, the agency responsible for the transit center, in turn has blamed the building's settlement on its design, which combines heavier-than-usual concrete construction with a concrete slab foundation and piles that go into sand rather than down to bedrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some homeowners say they would like to see criminal fraud charges brought against Millennium Partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Clearly, there's criminally fraudulent conduct here,\" said Jerry Dodson, a lawyer and resident of Millennium Towers who spoke to reporters after the announcement. Dodson said he hopes to meet with both Herrera and District Attorney George Gascón in the near future to talk about potential criminal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's suit by the city was filed as a cross-complaint in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/First-lawsuit-filed-over-leaning-tower-of-SF-9132750.php\" target=\"_blank\">class action lawsuit\u003c/a> filed by some homeowners against the developer and the Transbay Joint Powers Authority in August. San Francisco is a party to the Joint Powers Authority, and as such faces potential liability in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millennium Partners issued a statement today saying the city attorney's allegations had \"no merit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The City Attorney's action today has nothing to do with protecting public safety, the building, or its residents,\" the developer said in a statement. \"Instead, it's an effort by the City of San Francisco to duck its responsibilities and avoid paying for the harm caused by TJPA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent to which city building officials knew of the building's troubles has been the subject of two recent hearings held by Supervisor Aaron Peskin. The Department of Building Inspection sent at least one letter to the developer to inquire about reports of excess settlement in 2009, but does not appear to have followed up again until media coverage of the problem began this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera today said city building officials did not have information on potential problems with the building until this past July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ryan Levi contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "states-science-classes-to-emphasize-hands-on-discovery",
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"content": "\u003cp>California public school kids will learn science in a completely new way next year. The Golden State now becomes the first in the country to take on this new approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science will no longer be about memorizing facts and writing essays. Now it’s all about experiments and hands-on exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/\">State Board of Education\u003c/a> approved a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/sc/cf/\">new blueprint for science instruction\u003c/a> on Thursday at its meeting in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curriculum will be based on what’s called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nextgenscience.org/\">Next Generation Science Standards.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, lesson plans will now deepen instruction about climate change, and for the first time include engineering and environmental literacy — or the principles and actions that make for good environmental citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, middle school kids will face the challenge of diverting rainwater from roadways, which often picks up pollutants, into the ground to prevent flooding and enhance filtration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials believe this new approach will get more kids excited about science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2016157\">New national test results\u003c/a> show California is among the lowest-performing states on the subject, based on average test scores.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO — State wildlife officials say a new gray wolf couple appears to be courting in rural northeastern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article112147427.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Sacramento Bee reports\u003c/a> that officials confirmed Wednesday that the pair has been in Lassen County likely since late last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials say an animal that appeared to be a wolf was captured on motion-activated trail cameras last fall. Since then, officials also received photographs, found tracks and received eyewitness sightings suggested that there were actually two wolves traveling together, the newspaper reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests show the male wolf was born into the Rogue Pack of Southern Oregon in 2014 and most likely entered Lassen County in late 2015 or 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The founder of the Rogue Pack is OR-7, a well-known gray wolf who generated international interest when he became the first wild wolf in nearly 100 years to venture into Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11158239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11158239\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-800x661.jpg\" alt=\"One of OR-7’s wolf pups -- and thus a member of the Rogue Pack -- photographed in 2014 in southwestern Oregon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"661\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-160x132.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-1020x843.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-1180x975.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-960x794.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-240x198.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-375x310.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WolfPup-520x430.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of OR-7’s wolf pups -- and thus a member of the Rogue Pack -- photographed in 2014 in southwestern Oregon. \u003ccite>(USFWS/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>OR-7's arrival led to a decision by state wildlife officials to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/04/california-to-protect-gray-wolves-as-endangered-species/\" target=\"_blank\">grant gray wolves endangered species protections\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/25/californias-wandering-wolf-now-has-puppies-in-oregon/\" target=\"_blank\">Photos taken in 2014\u003c/a>, also by remote camera, confirmed that OR-7 had at least three pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not immediately clear from the DNA tests where the female came from. Wolves can travel hundreds of miles when they leave their packs in search of mates.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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