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"content": "\u003cp>Carbon accounting aside, Governor Jerry Brown is leaving an outsize personal footprint in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite cutting a day off the front of his trip, in order to travel to the site of this week’s San Bernardino shootings, the California governor is devoting nearly a week to the U.N. \u003ca href=\"http://mashable.com/2015/11/25/paris-climate-conference-cop21/#dJnJw3xGskqp\">climate talks, known as COP21.\u003c/a> Brown plans to participate in an array of events through Wednesday, ranging from keynote remarks to a signing ceremony for his pet project, the subnational climate agreement known as the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\">Under 2 MOU\u003c/a>. While California is not a nation-state and hence not an official party to the negotiations, it’s widely accepted that the Golden State maintains a high profile on the transnational climate scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We are filling quite a void because the Republican Congress and all of the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Brown expanded a prior commitment to hasten \u003ca href=\"http://zevalliance.org\">conversion of cars to “zero-emission vehicles,”\u003c/a> or ZEVs. A dozen North American and European governments now join California in pledging that they will “strive to make all passenger vehicle sales in our jurisdictions ZEVs as fast as possible and no later than 2050.” California currently has 24 million registered autos — about two for every household in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to his departure for Paris, the governor talked with KQED’s Lauren Sommer about his hopes for the conference and what California can bring to the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sommer: What do you hope to accomplish in Paris?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brown:\u003c/strong> My intention is to join with other states and provinces and even countries that are pushing for a real solid response to the threat of climate change. I’ve worked with others to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/16/governor-brown-takes-climate-message-to-world-stage/\">develop our Under 2 MOU\u003c/a>. And that says, for all the signatories [now nearly 60 different states and provinces and a few countries] that the signatory will do whatever it takes to keep temperature within the two-degree centigrade target of the U.N. Panel on Climate Change. And in the alternative, the goal will be by 2050 to emit no more than two tons [of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases] per person, which requires radical change and heroic effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Why not just leave this work to the United Nations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well, the national governments have been a bit timid to say the least. Whereas the states and provinces like Quebec and Ontario or British Columbia, Washington, Oregon — a lot of places are ready to commit themselves to keeping the temperature below two degrees centigrade, and take whatever steps are necessary to achieve that goal. That’s more than the nation-states. They’re far more modest in their commitments, so we have to light the fire, if I could use that metaphor for climate change. We are filling quite a void because the Republican congress and all of the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial, despite the vast, overwhelming scientific consensus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_394516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-394516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-800x1200.jpg\" alt='In the run-up to the Paris climate talks, the Alternatiba association organized a \"Village of Alternatives\" for the environment and the climate, over the weekend of Sept. 26-27. This t-shirt advocates legal rights for Earth.' width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-400x600.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the run-up to the Paris climate talks, the Alternatiba association organized a “Village of Alternatives” for the environment and the climate, over the weekend of Sept. 26-27. This t-shirt advocates legal rights for Earth. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/philippeleroyer/21562946249/in/album-72157659162608545/\" target=\"_blank\">philippe leroyer/flickr Creative Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: What cues can other places take from California? Why should they listen to us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> We have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/28/california-leads-on-climate-policy-but-also-greenhouse-gases/\">an aggressive, integrated program\u003c/a> to curb greenhouse gases and our economy is growing faster than the national average, so we’re demonstrating both that innovation comes from these environmental efforts: the achievement of reducing greenhouse gases and the generation of new industries, new jobs and aggregate growth in our gross domestic product exceeding that of the nation as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: So, do you see yourself and this state as a force pushing the nation toward climate action?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> It doesn’t quite work that way. But as we know, in Silicon Valley or even in Hollywood, California does set trends. And we are deeply and measurably \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/?page_id=146\">committed to a sequence of actions\u003c/a>, which we’re taking. And as we prove that those are not only consistent with economic prosperity but foster it, I believe we’ll get takers, we’ll get people who say, ‘Well yeah, maybe that makes sense.’ And we can give the lie to the [climate science] denialists — which by the way are not only absolutely dominant in the Republican party but are evident in the Wall Street Journal and and other publications that spew the same kind of … false scientific statements that we saw in the tobacco industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Your critics say that Californians are bearing the brunt of our climate policies when the state clearly can’t solve climate change alone.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well you say ‘bearing the brunt.’ If the world and therefore United States goes beyond the 2-degree centigrade, sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought, extreme heat — there is real catastrophe on the way. There’s a big risk here. And people say, ‘go it alone’ — somebody has to wake up the country and those parts of the world that are blind to the real danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Eighty percent of Californians consider the changing climate to be a ‘very serious problem,’ though fully a third of Republican respondents said it’s not a problem at all.\u003ccite>Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The migration that is undermining Europe and is destabilizing governments from Germany to Spain is, in part — well, it’s certainly due to all the turmoil. But some of the turmoil is due to famine and drought along with the military threat. So we’re getting an early preview of a warmed planet. And we know that people in Africa and the Middle East — it will get so hot that won’t even be livable. And we’re talking well within the lifetime of most people listening to this show. So this is an imperative. And the fact that the oil companies and the coal companies can silence and censor the entire Republican Party and a number of other sources of power, that doesn’t make it that they are right. They are wrong and we know that. This is real stuff. Now, it may be 30 or 40 years away, but we know there is a threat. We know we can do something about it. And for the most part, we have not yet risen to the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Speaking of rising to occasion, where does China fit into this picture? It’s the world’s largest CO2 producer by far. It seems that no progress is possible without major changes there, no matter what we do in California.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well, in many ways China is showing more concerted effort than many other countries. China has a commitment; they’re building huge amounts of renewable energy. They’ve worked with the state of California to develop their cap-and-trade system, their monitoring of pollution. Now they’ve got to go faster, they’ve got to keep their resolve. But it isn’t clear that the leadership in China isn’t more unified and and more determined in their commitment than our leadership. Just looking at the two countries, China’s got a long way to go but they are putting us to shame in some respects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Authors:\u003c/strong> Recent polling would appear to support Brown’s climate quest. A new survey from the nonpartisan Public Policy Institute of California found that 80 percent of Californians consider the changing climate to be a “very serious problem” (though fully a third of Republican respondents said it’s not a problem at all). And nearly half of respondents (45 percent) said the state’s climate actions would encourage job growth, whereas 19 percent said they would cost jobs.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"Somebody has to wake up the country,\" says California's governor, bound for climate talks in Paris, \"and those parts of the world that are blind to the real danger.\"",
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"description": ""Somebody has to wake up the country," says California's governor, bound for climate talks in Paris, "and those parts of the world that are blind to the real danger."",
"title": "Brown's Climate Quest: The California Governor's Big Footprint in Paris | KQED",
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"headline": "Brown's Climate Quest: The California Governor's Big Footprint in Paris",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Carbon accounting aside, Governor Jerry Brown is leaving an outsize personal footprint in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite cutting a day off the front of his trip, in order to travel to the site of this week’s San Bernardino shootings, the California governor is devoting nearly a week to the U.N. \u003ca href=\"http://mashable.com/2015/11/25/paris-climate-conference-cop21/#dJnJw3xGskqp\">climate talks, known as COP21.\u003c/a> Brown plans to participate in an array of events through Wednesday, ranging from keynote remarks to a signing ceremony for his pet project, the subnational climate agreement known as the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\">Under 2 MOU\u003c/a>. While California is not a nation-state and hence not an official party to the negotiations, it’s widely accepted that the Golden State maintains a high profile on the transnational climate scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We are filling quite a void because the Republican Congress and all of the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Brown expanded a prior commitment to hasten \u003ca href=\"http://zevalliance.org\">conversion of cars to “zero-emission vehicles,”\u003c/a> or ZEVs. A dozen North American and European governments now join California in pledging that they will “strive to make all passenger vehicle sales in our jurisdictions ZEVs as fast as possible and no later than 2050.” California currently has 24 million registered autos — about two for every household in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to his departure for Paris, the governor talked with KQED’s Lauren Sommer about his hopes for the conference and what California can bring to the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sommer: What do you hope to accomplish in Paris?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brown:\u003c/strong> My intention is to join with other states and provinces and even countries that are pushing for a real solid response to the threat of climate change. I’ve worked with others to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/16/governor-brown-takes-climate-message-to-world-stage/\">develop our Under 2 MOU\u003c/a>. And that says, for all the signatories [now nearly 60 different states and provinces and a few countries] that the signatory will do whatever it takes to keep temperature within the two-degree centigrade target of the U.N. Panel on Climate Change. And in the alternative, the goal will be by 2050 to emit no more than two tons [of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases] per person, which requires radical change and heroic effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Why not just leave this work to the United Nations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well, the national governments have been a bit timid to say the least. Whereas the states and provinces like Quebec and Ontario or British Columbia, Washington, Oregon — a lot of places are ready to commit themselves to keeping the temperature below two degrees centigrade, and take whatever steps are necessary to achieve that goal. That’s more than the nation-states. They’re far more modest in their commitments, so we have to light the fire, if I could use that metaphor for climate change. We are filling quite a void because the Republican congress and all of the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial, despite the vast, overwhelming scientific consensus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_394516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-394516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-800x1200.jpg\" alt='In the run-up to the Paris climate talks, the Alternatiba association organized a \"Village of Alternatives\" for the environment and the climate, over the weekend of Sept. 26-27. This t-shirt advocates legal rights for Earth.' width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-400x600.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the run-up to the Paris climate talks, the Alternatiba association organized a “Village of Alternatives” for the environment and the climate, over the weekend of Sept. 26-27. This t-shirt advocates legal rights for Earth. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/philippeleroyer/21562946249/in/album-72157659162608545/\" target=\"_blank\">philippe leroyer/flickr Creative Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: What cues can other places take from California? Why should they listen to us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> We have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/28/california-leads-on-climate-policy-but-also-greenhouse-gases/\">an aggressive, integrated program\u003c/a> to curb greenhouse gases and our economy is growing faster than the national average, so we’re demonstrating both that innovation comes from these environmental efforts: the achievement of reducing greenhouse gases and the generation of new industries, new jobs and aggregate growth in our gross domestic product exceeding that of the nation as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: So, do you see yourself and this state as a force pushing the nation toward climate action?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> It doesn’t quite work that way. But as we know, in Silicon Valley or even in Hollywood, California does set trends. And we are deeply and measurably \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/?page_id=146\">committed to a sequence of actions\u003c/a>, which we’re taking. And as we prove that those are not only consistent with economic prosperity but foster it, I believe we’ll get takers, we’ll get people who say, ‘Well yeah, maybe that makes sense.’ And we can give the lie to the [climate science] denialists — which by the way are not only absolutely dominant in the Republican party but are evident in the Wall Street Journal and and other publications that spew the same kind of … false scientific statements that we saw in the tobacco industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Your critics say that Californians are bearing the brunt of our climate policies when the state clearly can’t solve climate change alone.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well you say ‘bearing the brunt.’ If the world and therefore United States goes beyond the 2-degree centigrade, sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought, extreme heat — there is real catastrophe on the way. There’s a big risk here. And people say, ‘go it alone’ — somebody has to wake up the country and those parts of the world that are blind to the real danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Eighty percent of Californians consider the changing climate to be a ‘very serious problem,’ though fully a third of Republican respondents said it’s not a problem at all.\u003ccite>Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The migration that is undermining Europe and is destabilizing governments from Germany to Spain is, in part — well, it’s certainly due to all the turmoil. But some of the turmoil is due to famine and drought along with the military threat. So we’re getting an early preview of a warmed planet. And we know that people in Africa and the Middle East — it will get so hot that won’t even be livable. And we’re talking well within the lifetime of most people listening to this show. So this is an imperative. And the fact that the oil companies and the coal companies can silence and censor the entire Republican Party and a number of other sources of power, that doesn’t make it that they are right. They are wrong and we know that. This is real stuff. Now, it may be 30 or 40 years away, but we know there is a threat. We know we can do something about it. And for the most part, we have not yet risen to the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Speaking of rising to occasion, where does China fit into this picture? It’s the world’s largest CO2 producer by far. It seems that no progress is possible without major changes there, no matter what we do in California.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well, in many ways China is showing more concerted effort than many other countries. China has a commitment; they’re building huge amounts of renewable energy. They’ve worked with the state of California to develop their cap-and-trade system, their monitoring of pollution. Now they’ve got to go faster, they’ve got to keep their resolve. But it isn’t clear that the leadership in China isn’t more unified and and more determined in their commitment than our leadership. Just looking at the two countries, China’s got a long way to go but they are putting us to shame in some respects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Authors:\u003c/strong> Recent polling would appear to support Brown’s climate quest. A new survey from the nonpartisan Public Policy Institute of California found that 80 percent of Californians consider the changing climate to be a “very serious problem” (though fully a third of Republican respondents said it’s not a problem at all). And nearly half of respondents (45 percent) said the state’s climate actions would encourage job growth, whereas 19 percent said they would cost jobs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Listen to the story:\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/11/20151123ScienceJerryBrownclimatetalks.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders have vowed to go forward with a summit in Paris in two weeks, where they’ll be hashing out a much-anticipated agreement to combat climate change. And among the heads of state and dignitaries, you’ll also see California’s Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown will be making the case that what California does matters to the rest of world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been spearheading a separate international agreement to cut emissions – not with other countries, but among regional governments like states and provinces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the product of an international diplomatic tour Brown’s been on for the past year. He visited the United Nations, the Vatican and met with officials from China, India, Canada and Europe, to garner support for the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world faces an existential threat,” he told Canadian leaders in July. “I believe the real source of climate change action comes from states and provinces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason Brown feels compelled to lead the charge? “Troglodytes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Somebody has to wake up the country to the real danger.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s what the Governor has been calling climate change doubters. And when I caught up with him in an interview recently, he was clear about who he’s pointing the finger at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Republican Congress and all the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial despite the vast, vast overwhelming scientific consensus,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says that while a political stalemate in Washington D.C. is leaving a void, California is there to lead the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought – there’s real catastrophe on the way,” he said. “Somebody has to wake up the country to the real danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooperating Across Borders\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Brown announced that with the latest additions to the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\">Under 2 MOU\u003c/a> agreement that he co-founded, the total economies of “subnationals” signed on now exceed the GDP of the entire United States. Parties commit to either reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 to 95 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 or achieve a per capita annual emission target of less than 2 metric tons by 2050. The name is a reference to the two degrees (Celsius) of warming that scientists say, if the world sticks to, would avoid the most serious impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regional governments have agreed to cut their emissions 80 percent or more by 2050. “That’s more than the nation-states,” Brown said. “They are far modest in their commitments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a binding promise to cut emissions, but the regions have agreed to cooperate on policy and technology ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the agreement sticks over the years remains to be seen. But Brown argues, when you add up all the signatories, they make up what would be the second largest economy in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_357093\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-357093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1440x874.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install a solar farm outside Sacramento.\" width=\"640\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1440x874.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-400x243.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-800x485.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1920x1165.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1180x716.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-960x582.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install a solar farm outside Sacramento. California’s goal is to reach 50 percent renewable energy by 2030. \u003ccite>(Sacramento Municipal Utility District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a show of support that he thinks will galvanize momentum in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to light the fire, if I can use that metaphor, putting as much pressure and support behind this global commitment,” he said. “As we know in Silicon Valley or Hollywood, California does set trends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Governor Brown does feel that it is probably the most significant issue of our generation,” said Matt Rodriquez, California’s Secretary for Environmental Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you, I sometimes wish we did have a diplomatic core or a state department here,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going it alone is something California is known for. Almost a decade ago, the state took on a landmark climate change goal under the state law AB 32, requiring a cut in emissions of about 30 percent by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://climatechange.ca.gov/\">The number of policies\u003c/a> under the law makes it the most ambitious in the country. Experts say to reach the state’s eventual goal of cutting emission 80 percent under 1990 levels by 2050, the state’s entire economy will be remade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record amounts of renewable energy are coming online to meet California’s renewable energy goals. Manufacturers and electric utilities are cutting their emissions, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\">under a cap-and-trade system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuels that power cars and trucks are getting cleaner under the state’s low carbon fuel standard. And automakers are required to offer hundreds of thousands of clean cars for sale on the California market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing the Critics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, California has more electric vehicles than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I gotta tell you, I love the car,” said Jeff Stone, parking his all-electric Nissan Leaf at his office in Murrieta, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone is what you’d call an early adopter. This is his third electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a Tesla that I loved,” he said. “And then I had a Coda, one of the first electric cars on the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_357097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 448px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-357097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg\" alt=\"The Chinese province Sichuan signed Governor Brown's international climate agreement in September.\" width=\"448\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg 448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chinese province of Sichuan signed Governor Brown’s international climate agreement in September. \u003ccite>(Joe McHugh, California Highway Patrol)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stone is also a Republican state senator representing Riverside County and one of the climate skeptics Brown has been pointing a finger at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone is not a fan of California’s go-it-alone approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We represent about one percent or less of any contribution to global warming that happens, if it’s truly man-caused,” he said. “We can’t do it alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues California’s many climate rules lead to higher energy costs and give the state a reputation for being un-friendly to business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you have business people who are throwing up their arms and they’re vacating the state,” Stone said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a common refrain when the state legislature debated SB 350 this summer, a bill designed to raise the bar on California’s climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, the state will have to reach 50 percent renewable energy and improve building efficiency by 50 percent, both by 2030. But a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/Democrats-strip-oil-goal-from-climate-legislation\">provision to cut California’s petroleum use\u003c/a> by 50 percent failed, spurred by oil industry-funded ads warning of job losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thought Leader\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Governor has answered back with a political trump card. While the state’s climate change policies have raised both gas and electricity prices by a few percent, they haven’t fulfilled predictions of economic ruin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of them came true,” said Dan Kammen, a professor of energy at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, California’s economy grew faster than the national average,” he said. “So we benefited to some extent by having these environmental laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”NMeBiT2ggfM6JI2B0ZJUlaq5tTrOm1zL”]Kammen argues that setting that example is California’s real contribution to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s the seventh biggest economy in the world,” he said. “It makes a big difference and it’s a big thought leader.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state acts as a testing ground for environmental policies, he says. Many of today’s national environmental standards, including building efficiency, appliance standards and car tailpipe emissions, were based on rules that California passed first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a lead actor like California really helps the federal government see what the options are, see what the hurdles are likely to be,” Kammen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trendsetting goes overseas, he says. Some of the Chinese provinces that are piloting cap-and-trade systems worked with California officials to design them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which means at the international climate talks, and Kammen has been to 11 of them, California comes up a lot. “We talk about California all the time,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something he expects to continue, as California’s Governor heads off to Paris, hoping to make his mark on international discussions to slow the Earth’s steady warming.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>World leaders have vowed to go forward with a summit in Paris in two weeks, where they’ll be hashing out a much-anticipated agreement to combat climate change. And among the heads of state and dignitaries, you’ll also see California’s Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown will be making the case that what California does matters to the rest of world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been spearheading a separate international agreement to cut emissions – not with other countries, but among regional governments like states and provinces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the product of an international diplomatic tour Brown’s been on for the past year. He visited the United Nations, the Vatican and met with officials from China, India, Canada and Europe, to garner support for the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world faces an existential threat,” he told Canadian leaders in July. “I believe the real source of climate change action comes from states and provinces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason Brown feels compelled to lead the charge? “Troglodytes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Somebody has to wake up the country to the real danger.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s what the Governor has been calling climate change doubters. And when I caught up with him in an interview recently, he was clear about who he’s pointing the finger at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Republican Congress and all the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial despite the vast, vast overwhelming scientific consensus,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says that while a political stalemate in Washington D.C. is leaving a void, California is there to lead the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought – there’s real catastrophe on the way,” he said. “Somebody has to wake up the country to the real danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooperating Across Borders\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Brown announced that with the latest additions to the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\">Under 2 MOU\u003c/a> agreement that he co-founded, the total economies of “subnationals” signed on now exceed the GDP of the entire United States. Parties commit to either reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 to 95 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 or achieve a per capita annual emission target of less than 2 metric tons by 2050. The name is a reference to the two degrees (Celsius) of warming that scientists say, if the world sticks to, would avoid the most serious impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regional governments have agreed to cut their emissions 80 percent or more by 2050. “That’s more than the nation-states,” Brown said. “They are far modest in their commitments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a binding promise to cut emissions, but the regions have agreed to cooperate on policy and technology ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the agreement sticks over the years remains to be seen. But Brown argues, when you add up all the signatories, they make up what would be the second largest economy in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_357093\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-357093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1440x874.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install a solar farm outside Sacramento.\" width=\"640\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1440x874.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-400x243.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-800x485.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1920x1165.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1180x716.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-960x582.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install a solar farm outside Sacramento. California’s goal is to reach 50 percent renewable energy by 2030. \u003ccite>(Sacramento Municipal Utility District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a show of support that he thinks will galvanize momentum in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to light the fire, if I can use that metaphor, putting as much pressure and support behind this global commitment,” he said. “As we know in Silicon Valley or Hollywood, California does set trends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Governor Brown does feel that it is probably the most significant issue of our generation,” said Matt Rodriquez, California’s Secretary for Environmental Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you, I sometimes wish we did have a diplomatic core or a state department here,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going it alone is something California is known for. Almost a decade ago, the state took on a landmark climate change goal under the state law AB 32, requiring a cut in emissions of about 30 percent by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://climatechange.ca.gov/\">The number of policies\u003c/a> under the law makes it the most ambitious in the country. Experts say to reach the state’s eventual goal of cutting emission 80 percent under 1990 levels by 2050, the state’s entire economy will be remade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record amounts of renewable energy are coming online to meet California’s renewable energy goals. Manufacturers and electric utilities are cutting their emissions, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\">under a cap-and-trade system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuels that power cars and trucks are getting cleaner under the state’s low carbon fuel standard. And automakers are required to offer hundreds of thousands of clean cars for sale on the California market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing the Critics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, California has more electric vehicles than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I gotta tell you, I love the car,” said Jeff Stone, parking his all-electric Nissan Leaf at his office in Murrieta, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone is what you’d call an early adopter. This is his third electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a Tesla that I loved,” he said. “And then I had a Coda, one of the first electric cars on the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_357097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 448px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-357097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg\" alt=\"The Chinese province Sichuan signed Governor Brown's international climate agreement in September.\" width=\"448\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg 448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chinese province of Sichuan signed Governor Brown’s international climate agreement in September. \u003ccite>(Joe McHugh, California Highway Patrol)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stone is also a Republican state senator representing Riverside County and one of the climate skeptics Brown has been pointing a finger at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone is not a fan of California’s go-it-alone approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We represent about one percent or less of any contribution to global warming that happens, if it’s truly man-caused,” he said. “We can’t do it alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues California’s many climate rules lead to higher energy costs and give the state a reputation for being un-friendly to business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you have business people who are throwing up their arms and they’re vacating the state,” Stone said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a common refrain when the state legislature debated SB 350 this summer, a bill designed to raise the bar on California’s climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, the state will have to reach 50 percent renewable energy and improve building efficiency by 50 percent, both by 2030. But a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/Democrats-strip-oil-goal-from-climate-legislation\">provision to cut California’s petroleum use\u003c/a> by 50 percent failed, spurred by oil industry-funded ads warning of job losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thought Leader\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Governor has answered back with a political trump card. While the state’s climate change policies have raised both gas and electricity prices by a few percent, they haven’t fulfilled predictions of economic ruin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of them came true,” said Dan Kammen, a professor of energy at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, California’s economy grew faster than the national average,” he said. “So we benefited to some extent by having these environmental laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Kammen argues that setting that example is California’s real contribution to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s the seventh biggest economy in the world,” he said. “It makes a big difference and it’s a big thought leader.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state acts as a testing ground for environmental policies, he says. Many of today’s national environmental standards, including building efficiency, appliance standards and car tailpipe emissions, were based on rules that California passed first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a lead actor like California really helps the federal government see what the options are, see what the hurdles are likely to be,” Kammen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trendsetting goes overseas, he says. Some of the Chinese provinces that are piloting cap-and-trade systems worked with California officials to design them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which means at the international climate talks, and Kammen has been to 11 of them, California comes up a lot. “We talk about California all the time,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a win for environmentalists, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">signed 23 bills\u003c/a> on Thursday, banning plastic microbeads, boosting composting, and divesting public retirement funds from coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The microbead ban, AB 888, outlaws the sale of cosmetics and toothpaste that contain tiny plastic particles, which pollute waterways and are \u003ca href=\"https://ag.ny.gov/pdfs/Microbeads_Report_5_14_14.pdf\">known to harm wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two composting bills require compost diversion from landfills and a report from cities and counties on how much compost they plan to produce over a 15-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both will help San Francisco achieve its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfenvironment.org/zero-waste\">goal of zero waste by 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important bill, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28942015/plastic-microbeads-and-state-coal-investments-banned-gov\">San Jose Mercury News’ Paul Rogers’\u003c/a> notes, is SB 185:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The measure requires the massive California Public Employees Retirement System, known as CalPERS, and the California State Teachers Retirement System, or CalSTRS, to sell off all stocks in companies that derive more than 50 percent of their revenue from mining coal by July 1, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two pension funds have a combined $299 million in such investments.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The new laws come a day after Brown approved the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy goal: get 50 percent of California’s energy from renewables by 2030. Currently, the state gets 25 percent of its energy from renewable sources like solar, wind and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> A full list of the bills can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">found here\u003c/a> and below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAB 692 – Low-carbon transportation fuels.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 793 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 802 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 808 – Automotive fuels and products.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 864 – Oil spill response: environmentally and ecologically sensitive areas.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 876 – Compostable organics.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 888 – Waste management: plastic microbeads.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1034 – Surface mining: reclamation plans: renewable energy generation facility.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1045 – Organic waste: composting.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1150 – Energy: University of California and California State University partnership.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1236 – Local ordinances: electric vehicle charging stations.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1274 – Public lands: geophysical surveys.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1420 – Oil and gas: pipelines.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1448 – Personal energy conservation: real property restrictions.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1482 – Climate adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1496 – Methane emissions.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 185 – Public retirement systems: public divestiture of thermal coal companies.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 246 – Climate change adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 295 – Pipeline safety: inspections.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 379 – Land use: general plan: safety element.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 414 – Oil spill response.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 513 – Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: fees.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 673 – Hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a win for environmentalists, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">signed 23 bills\u003c/a> on Thursday, banning plastic microbeads, boosting composting, and divesting public retirement funds from coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The microbead ban, AB 888, outlaws the sale of cosmetics and toothpaste that contain tiny plastic particles, which pollute waterways and are \u003ca href=\"https://ag.ny.gov/pdfs/Microbeads_Report_5_14_14.pdf\">known to harm wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two composting bills require compost diversion from landfills and a report from cities and counties on how much compost they plan to produce over a 15-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both will help San Francisco achieve its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfenvironment.org/zero-waste\">goal of zero waste by 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important bill, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28942015/plastic-microbeads-and-state-coal-investments-banned-gov\">San Jose Mercury News’ Paul Rogers’\u003c/a> notes, is SB 185:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The measure requires the massive California Public Employees Retirement System, known as CalPERS, and the California State Teachers Retirement System, or CalSTRS, to sell off all stocks in companies that derive more than 50 percent of their revenue from mining coal by July 1, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two pension funds have a combined $299 million in such investments.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The new laws come a day after Brown approved the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy goal: get 50 percent of California’s energy from renewables by 2030. Currently, the state gets 25 percent of its energy from renewable sources like solar, wind and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> A full list of the bills can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">found here\u003c/a> and below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAB 692 – Low-carbon transportation fuels.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 793 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 802 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 808 – Automotive fuels and products.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 864 – Oil spill response: environmentally and ecologically sensitive areas.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 876 – Compostable organics.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 888 – Waste management: plastic microbeads.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1034 – Surface mining: reclamation plans: renewable energy generation facility.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1045 – Organic waste: composting.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1150 – Energy: University of California and California State University partnership.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1236 – Local ordinances: electric vehicle charging stations.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1274 – Public lands: geophysical surveys.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1420 – Oil and gas: pipelines.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1448 – Personal energy conservation: real property restrictions.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1482 – Climate adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1496 – Methane emissions.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 185 – Public retirement systems: public divestiture of thermal coal companies.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 246 – Climate change adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 295 – Pipeline safety: inspections.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 379 – Land use: general plan: safety element.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 414 – Oil spill response.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 513 – Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: fees.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 673 – Hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "New Study Downgrades Monterey Shale’s Fracking Potential",
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"content": "\u003cp>A U.S. Geological Survey report out Tuesday downgrades the fracking potential of California’s vast Monterey Shale oil deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is the latest to lower a 2011 federal energy estimate that billed the Monterey Shale as a game-changer for U.S. oil, with what was then estimated at 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5djQ6QtbVinRFAtuVIKA243nwsoaMeqz”]Instead, the U.S. Geological Survey’s new study said, the most oil-rich portion of the giant shale formation holds just 21 million barrels of oil that can be recovered by intensive methods, such as hydraulic fracturing, better-known as fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modest assessment has the potential to influence energy policy in California, where Gov. Jerry Brown has resisted calls from environmentalists to ban fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s report looked only at the San Joaquin Basin, one of four basins that make up the 1,750-square-mile Monterey Shale formation. Upcoming USGS reports will estimate the recoverable petroleum in the other three basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another recent U.S. Geological Survey study estimated another 393 million barrels of oil are recoverable by conventional drilling in the San Joaquin basin of the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2011 estimate touched off speculation of a California oil boom. By 2014, however, federal energy authorities had deflated the Monterey Shale boom, reducing the overall estimate of recoverable oil by 96 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A U.S. Geological Survey report out Tuesday downgrades the fracking potential of California’s vast Monterey Shale oil deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is the latest to lower a 2011 federal energy estimate that billed the Monterey Shale as a game-changer for U.S. oil, with what was then estimated at 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Instead, the U.S. Geological Survey’s new study said, the most oil-rich portion of the giant shale formation holds just 21 million barrels of oil that can be recovered by intensive methods, such as hydraulic fracturing, better-known as fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modest assessment has the potential to influence energy policy in California, where Gov. Jerry Brown has resisted calls from environmentalists to ban fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s report looked only at the San Joaquin Basin, one of four basins that make up the 1,750-square-mile Monterey Shale formation. Upcoming USGS reports will estimate the recoverable petroleum in the other three basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another recent U.S. Geological Survey study estimated another 393 million barrels of oil are recoverable by conventional drilling in the San Joaquin basin of the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2011 estimate touched off speculation of a California oil boom. By 2014, however, federal energy authorities had deflated the Monterey Shale boom, reducing the overall estimate of recoverable oil by 96 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Big Challenge as California Ramps Up Wind Power: Golden Eagles",
"headTitle": "Big Challenge as California Ramps Up Wind Power: Golden Eagles | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/09/WindFarmsEagles.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s history with wind power goes back decades — as do its troubles with turbines killing birds, including federally protected golden eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With state officials now planning to ramp up renewable energy, an uneasy tension exists between protecting wildlife, and fighting climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“At nighttime, as soon as it gets dark, striped skunks run to the wind turbines. Literally run.”\u003ccite>Shawn Smallwood, Ecologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ecologist Shawn Smallwood has found mangled eagles several times in wind farms like those at Altamont Pass, near Livermore. The place has a reputation for turbines killing birds. Alameda County estimates 35 golden eagles were killed there in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researching this problem is complicated partly by scavengers, such as ravens, snatching up carcasses before Smallwood can tally them. Coyotes, foxes and badgers converge on the wind farm and search the grounds in a pattern, he says, just like a scientist would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At nighttime, as soon as it gets dark, striped skunks run to the wind turbines. Literally run,” says Smallwood. “They also go to the turbines that kill the most animals, so they’re familiar with where they can find food. They usually go to the downwind side of the turbines, again where the bats and birds are most likely to fall after they get hit by a wind turbine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history of wind power is littered with attempts to make turbines safer for birds and bats. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtgBWNKwBkE\">It’s not easy\u003c/a>. Golden eagles fix their eyesight on prey on the ground and don’t necessarily see what they’re flying into. Smallwood once advocated shutting turbines off over winter, but says on an overcast day, birds can still fly right into blades that aren’t even turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_247869\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-247869\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-800x844.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists are studying golden eagles in the Altamont Pass by placing radio transmitters on them.\" width=\"401\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-800x844.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-400x422.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-1440x1518.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-1180x1244.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-960x1012.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists are studying golden eagles in the Altamont Pass by placing radio transmitters on them. \u003ccite>(Joseph DiDonato/Wildlife Consulting and Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the Altamont Pass Wind Farm, a process is underway right now called “repowering.” This means removing hundreds of older, less efficient turbines. A single massive, new turbine can take the place of 20 or 30 of the older models. This also affords an opportunity to get turbines out of particularly lethal spots altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, the tip of a huge blade can slice through the air at \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/5930272/the-worlds-biggest-wind-turbine-blades-are-so-long-their-tips-spin-at-180-mph\">speeds like a racecar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, before the repowering process started, Smallwood estimates 60 golden eagles were killed each year at Altamont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Permit to Kill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not listed as endangered, golden eagles are protected under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. Killing them is illegal. But, with the exception of a couple wind companies recently fined in Wyoming, the federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0514/Why-wind-farms-kill-eagles-with-federal-impunity\">has rarely enforced such laws\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Flaherty, a spokesman for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, says the agency wants to work alongside wind companies — not punish them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While prosecutions are great and make for great headlines, they don’t always do the best thing for eagles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2009, wind companies have been able to apply for a “take permit,” essentially, permission to kill a small number of golden eagles. Such applications are thick, highly technical and take a long time to write. Only one permit has been issued since the program was introduced — for a wind farm in Solano County. Seven other wind farms have applications in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_247865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-247865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Ecologist Shawn Smallwood holds a golden eagle found injured in the Altamont Pass.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Shawn Smallwood holds a golden eagle found injured in the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Joseph DiDonato/Wildlife Consulting and Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By getting wind companies in the door to discuss permits, Flaherty says the agency can also have a frank discussion about settling up over eagles killed in years past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing about eagle permits is that they don’t allow for past take,” he says. “They don’t really forgive past take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an agreement with U.S. Fish and Wildlife, one company recently paid $10,000 and will spend hundreds of thousands more on research to help eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permits last five years. Last month, a federal judge kicked a new 30-year version \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcet.org/news/redefine/rewire/commentary/court-sends-30-year-eagle-kill-permits-back-to-drawing-board.html\">back to Fish and Wildlife officials\u003c/a> for more work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hardly a Free Pass\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown’s administration has set an ambitious goal: By 2030, Brown wants half of California’s power to come from renewable sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Rader, executive director for the California Wind Energy Association, says the industry is aiming to more than double wind energy capacity by 2030; hundreds of new turbines have to go \u003cem>somewhere.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_248142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-248142\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-800x1052.jpg\" alt=\"Only one wind farm, in Solano County, has received a federal permit for the killing of golden eagles. Several others have applications in the pipeline.\" width=\"355\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-800x1052.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-400x526.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-1180x1552.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-960x1262.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B.jpg 1219w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only one wind farm, located in Solano County, has received a federal permit for the killing of golden eagles. Several others have applications in the pipeline. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Far from getting an easy pass from regulators, Rader points to proposed restrictions from the Bureau of Land Management, as well as local governments in places like Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing land-use plans coming out from both the federal government and county governments that actually prohibit the development of wind energy across large areas of California,” Rader says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy supply is about trade-offs, says Ryan Wiser, a senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really no free lunch here,” he says, and refers to \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/eere/wind/wind-vision\">a report out this year\u003c/a> from the federal Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report examines a future in which wind energy scales up dramatically in coming decades. It concludes that replacing fossil fuels with wind will save hundreds of billions of dollars in “avoided global climate damages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Wiser points out, the report didn’t attempt to pin down the economic value of the loss of wildlife – such as eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science coordinating television producer Gabriela Quiros contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "So far, only one wind farm has gotten a permit allowing its turbines to kill the federally protected eagles.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s history with wind power goes back decades — as do its troubles with turbines killing birds, including federally protected golden eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With state officials now planning to ramp up renewable energy, an uneasy tension exists between protecting wildlife, and fighting climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“At nighttime, as soon as it gets dark, striped skunks run to the wind turbines. Literally run.”\u003ccite>Shawn Smallwood, Ecologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ecologist Shawn Smallwood has found mangled eagles several times in wind farms like those at Altamont Pass, near Livermore. The place has a reputation for turbines killing birds. Alameda County estimates 35 golden eagles were killed there in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researching this problem is complicated partly by scavengers, such as ravens, snatching up carcasses before Smallwood can tally them. Coyotes, foxes and badgers converge on the wind farm and search the grounds in a pattern, he says, just like a scientist would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At nighttime, as soon as it gets dark, striped skunks run to the wind turbines. Literally run,” says Smallwood. “They also go to the turbines that kill the most animals, so they’re familiar with where they can find food. They usually go to the downwind side of the turbines, again where the bats and birds are most likely to fall after they get hit by a wind turbine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history of wind power is littered with attempts to make turbines safer for birds and bats. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtgBWNKwBkE\">It’s not easy\u003c/a>. Golden eagles fix their eyesight on prey on the ground and don’t necessarily see what they’re flying into. Smallwood once advocated shutting turbines off over winter, but says on an overcast day, birds can still fly right into blades that aren’t even turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_247869\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-247869\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-800x844.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists are studying golden eagles in the Altamont Pass by placing radio transmitters on them.\" width=\"401\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-800x844.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-400x422.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-1440x1518.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-1180x1244.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-960x1012.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists are studying golden eagles in the Altamont Pass by placing radio transmitters on them. \u003ccite>(Joseph DiDonato/Wildlife Consulting and Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the Altamont Pass Wind Farm, a process is underway right now called “repowering.” This means removing hundreds of older, less efficient turbines. A single massive, new turbine can take the place of 20 or 30 of the older models. This also affords an opportunity to get turbines out of particularly lethal spots altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, the tip of a huge blade can slice through the air at \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/5930272/the-worlds-biggest-wind-turbine-blades-are-so-long-their-tips-spin-at-180-mph\">speeds like a racecar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, before the repowering process started, Smallwood estimates 60 golden eagles were killed each year at Altamont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Permit to Kill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not listed as endangered, golden eagles are protected under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. Killing them is illegal. But, with the exception of a couple wind companies recently fined in Wyoming, the federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0514/Why-wind-farms-kill-eagles-with-federal-impunity\">has rarely enforced such laws\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Flaherty, a spokesman for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, says the agency wants to work alongside wind companies — not punish them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While prosecutions are great and make for great headlines, they don’t always do the best thing for eagles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2009, wind companies have been able to apply for a “take permit,” essentially, permission to kill a small number of golden eagles. Such applications are thick, highly technical and take a long time to write. Only one permit has been issued since the program was introduced — for a wind farm in Solano County. Seven other wind farms have applications in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_247865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-247865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Ecologist Shawn Smallwood holds a golden eagle found injured in the Altamont Pass.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Shawn Smallwood holds a golden eagle found injured in the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Joseph DiDonato/Wildlife Consulting and Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By getting wind companies in the door to discuss permits, Flaherty says the agency can also have a frank discussion about settling up over eagles killed in years past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing about eagle permits is that they don’t allow for past take,” he says. “They don’t really forgive past take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an agreement with U.S. Fish and Wildlife, one company recently paid $10,000 and will spend hundreds of thousands more on research to help eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permits last five years. Last month, a federal judge kicked a new 30-year version \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcet.org/news/redefine/rewire/commentary/court-sends-30-year-eagle-kill-permits-back-to-drawing-board.html\">back to Fish and Wildlife officials\u003c/a> for more work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hardly a Free Pass\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown’s administration has set an ambitious goal: By 2030, Brown wants half of California’s power to come from renewable sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Rader, executive director for the California Wind Energy Association, says the industry is aiming to more than double wind energy capacity by 2030; hundreds of new turbines have to go \u003cem>somewhere.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_248142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-248142\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-800x1052.jpg\" alt=\"Only one wind farm, in Solano County, has received a federal permit for the killing of golden eagles. Several others have applications in the pipeline.\" width=\"355\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-800x1052.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-400x526.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-1180x1552.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-960x1262.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B.jpg 1219w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only one wind farm, located in Solano County, has received a federal permit for the killing of golden eagles. Several others have applications in the pipeline. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Far from getting an easy pass from regulators, Rader points to proposed restrictions from the Bureau of Land Management, as well as local governments in places like Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing land-use plans coming out from both the federal government and county governments that actually prohibit the development of wind energy across large areas of California,” Rader says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy supply is about trade-offs, says Ryan Wiser, a senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really no free lunch here,” he says, and refers to \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/eere/wind/wind-vision\">a report out this year\u003c/a> from the federal Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report examines a future in which wind energy scales up dramatically in coming decades. It concludes that replacing fossil fuels with wind will save hundreds of billions of dollars in “avoided global climate damages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Wiser points out, the report didn’t attempt to pin down the economic value of the loss of wildlife – such as eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science coordinating television producer Gabriela Quiros contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Geothermal Update: What's New at The Geysers",
"headTitle": "Geothermal Update: What’s New at The Geysers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Geysers geothermal field, in the Coast Range near Clear Lake, has been supplying California with clean electricity for 55 years. Over time, the output of this field has slowly declined, raising questions about how long we could rely on it. But a recent experiment offers confidence that we can keep drawing power from The Geysers for many decades to come, by tapping its superheated deeper layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most conventional electricity is generated by turning a turbine with a flow of hot steam. Supplying the energy to make that steam is a central issue of our time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike all other energy sources — fossil fuels, large-scale solar, nuclear, biomass — \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/geothermal-heats-up/\">geothermal power is unique\u003c/a> in that the steam is already there. The steam in The Geysers geothermal field is heated to an average of 465 degrees by a geologically young body of magma high in the Earth’s crust, related to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/28/bay-area-volcanoes/\">the volcanic district around Clear Lake\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_168273\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-sign.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-168273\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Sign at fumarole field\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-sign.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-sign-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Natural hot springs and steam-venting fumaroles concentrated along Big Sulphur Creek gave The Geysers its name in the 1850s. There are no true geysers — springs with steam-propelled eruptions of hot water — here or anywhere else in California. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The “fuel” of a geothermal field is water, which is heated into steam by hot rock. Pouring cold water on hot rocks tends to make them crack, opening up fractures that allow efficient steam production. But steam wells slowly decline in their output, as fractures in the deep rock fill with minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Geysers geothermal field as a whole loses capacity by a percent or two each year. In recent years, Calpine has been exploring the northwest end of the geothermal field, where unfractured rocks as hot as 750 degrees are found. The results from its latest experiment are encouraging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Push for Green Power\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately the state government’s push for renewable green power has made geothermal electricity more desirable than ever. And the flexibility of the steam source, easy to regulate just by turning a valve, makes The Geysers valuable for helping the electric grid cope with the natural fluctuations of wind and solar power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Geysers field is the world’s largest producer of geothermal power. It puts out about the same amount of electricity as a large conventional fossil-fuel plant — enough to power every household in San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_168274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-cannedheat.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-168274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-cannedheat.jpg\" alt=\"Canned heat\" width=\"390\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-cannedheat.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-cannedheat-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drilling at The Geysers began in 1955 and electricity production began with a UNOCAL power plant in 1960. The Calpine visitors center in Middletown features this commemorative artifact. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Energy from The Geysers represents more than one-third of America’s geothermal electricity. Put another way, it represents 18 percent of California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/\">renewable energy\u003c/a>, which also includes wind, solar, biomass and small hydroelectric sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three companies operate today in The Geysers geothermal field. \u003ca href=\"http://www.geysers.com/\">Calpine\u003c/a> is dominant with 15 power plants. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncpa.com/\">Northern California Power Agency\u003c/a> runs two plants and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlerockpower.com/\">Bottle Rock Power\u003c/a> has one. Recently I took part in a tour of The Geysers field led by Calpine geologists, where I heard about the company’s operations and future plans. The photos in this story all come from that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Dialogue Between Economics and Geology\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power companies have tapped the natural underground steam at The Geysers to generate electricity since 1960. During that time, the story of the steam field has been a dialogue between society and geology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, high oil and gas prices, plus new tax incentives, led to as many as a dozen operators drilling wells at The Geysers, each one tapping the steam as fast as it could. The reservoir’s steam supply began to run low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things fixed the situation. First, the field came under majority control by Calpine, allowing it to be managed instead of exploited. Second, operators found a more sustainable way to run this gigantic natural steam boiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_168275\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-venting.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-168275\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-venting.jpg\" alt=\"Live steam at The Geysers\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-venting.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-venting-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Calpine geologist Joe Beall jumped out of our tour bus to show us some actual steam fresh from the underground. Most of this moisture originated as wastewater from nearby cities. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Geysers field’s natural water supply is limited, so operators have always recycled as much as they could, condensing the steam once it goes through the turbines and pumping it back underground. Some water is always lost to the atmosphere. Adding new water to this cycle creates what’s called an “enhanced geothermal system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new water used to replenish the steam reservoir is clean but nonpotable wastewater, piped in from the towns around Clear Lake starting in 1997, and from Santa Rosa in 2003. Today Calpine’s 333 steam wells are served by 60 injection wells that feed this water down to the deep hot rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Earthquake Problem\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high-energy process of pouring cold water onto hot rocks to crack them is done regularly to refresh the wells. But it produces lots of earthquakes. Nearly all are too small to be felt, although they show up on the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/\">government earthquake map\u003c/a>. But a handful each year reach magnitudes above 3, strong enough to cause noticeable shaking in communities next to the steam field. Calpine officials say they’re tinkering with the plant’s practices to minimize these, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.geysers.com/smac.aspx\">it provides regular updates to residents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far in 2015, the number of earthquakes of all sizes has been far below recent numbers. Indeed, just three magnitude-3 events have happened. Part of this decrease may be related to the ongoing drought, because water injection has been less than usual. But maybe it also signals an advance in managing the beast. Earthquake activity has been declining steadily for almost 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_168276\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-turbines.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-168276\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-turbines.jpg\" alt=\"Spare geothermal turbines\" width=\"401\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-turbines.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-turbines-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spare turbines in the Socrates Number 18 power plant. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Calpine’s staff scientists are collaborating on several different research projects to better understand the release of seismic energy by geothermal power activity. In one of these, \u003ca href=\"http://esd1.lbl.gov/research/projects/induced_seismicity/egs/\">Lawrence Berkeley Lab\u003c/a> studies enhanced geothermal system fields at The Geysers and elsewhere. The U.S. Geological Survey and UC Berkeley operate \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/bdsn/bdsn.overview.html\">a network of strong-motion instruments\u003c/a> at The Geysers in an effort to learn what distinguishes harmless earthquakes from significant ones, avoiding false alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Future of The Geysers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the northwest end of the field shows promise, it also presents problems. Wells drilled there in the 1990s produced steam with relatively large amounts of corrosive gases. Sulfur gases are routinely scrubbed from Geysers steam and supplied to chemical manufacturers as pure sulfur. Scrubbing chlorine gases takes an extra step, and an extra expense, between the well and the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 Calpine re-entered a 1980s-vintage well to drill deeper into the hottest zone and inject water into it. Calpine’s May 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/06/f23/Track4_EGS_2.7_Geysers_EGS_Demonstration.pdf\">presentation\u003c/a> about the project to a \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/eere/geothermal/2015-peer-review-presentations-geothermal-energy\">U.S. Department of Energy meeting\u003c/a> goes into great detail. Pumping tests went on from 2012 to 2014 and succeeded in gently cracking a sizeable body of hot rock, making its heat available to turn water into lots of steam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment was a qualified success. Steam from the fresh water flushed out most of the corrosive gases, and steam production was plentiful. Earthquakes occurred, but their greater depth and greater distance from inhabited places reduces their impact. The main hitch was that chlorine gases ate a hole in the steel borehole lining. Calpine will monitor the hole until 2017, then pick a more robust alloy — steel or titanium — to line the pipe and proceed with the next stage of its exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once safe procedures can be worked out, Calpine is prepared to move into the northwest sector. The same procedures will open up the deeper zones in the rest of the steam field, increasing the power that can be extracted and extending the life of the Geysers geothermal resource.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Geysers geothermal field, in the Coast Range near Clear Lake, has been supplying California with clean electricity for 55 years. Over time, the output of this field has slowly declined, raising questions about how long we could rely on it. But a recent experiment offers confidence that we can keep drawing power from The Geysers for many decades to come, by tapping its superheated deeper layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most conventional electricity is generated by turning a turbine with a flow of hot steam. Supplying the energy to make that steam is a central issue of our time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike all other energy sources — fossil fuels, large-scale solar, nuclear, biomass — \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/geothermal-heats-up/\">geothermal power is unique\u003c/a> in that the steam is already there. The steam in The Geysers geothermal field is heated to an average of 465 degrees by a geologically young body of magma high in the Earth’s crust, related to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/28/bay-area-volcanoes/\">the volcanic district around Clear Lake\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_168273\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-sign.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-168273\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Sign at fumarole field\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-sign.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-sign-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Natural hot springs and steam-venting fumaroles concentrated along Big Sulphur Creek gave The Geysers its name in the 1850s. There are no true geysers — springs with steam-propelled eruptions of hot water — here or anywhere else in California. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The “fuel” of a geothermal field is water, which is heated into steam by hot rock. Pouring cold water on hot rocks tends to make them crack, opening up fractures that allow efficient steam production. But steam wells slowly decline in their output, as fractures in the deep rock fill with minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Geysers geothermal field as a whole loses capacity by a percent or two each year. In recent years, Calpine has been exploring the northwest end of the geothermal field, where unfractured rocks as hot as 750 degrees are found. The results from its latest experiment are encouraging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Push for Green Power\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately the state government’s push for renewable green power has made geothermal electricity more desirable than ever. And the flexibility of the steam source, easy to regulate just by turning a valve, makes The Geysers valuable for helping the electric grid cope with the natural fluctuations of wind and solar power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Geysers field is the world’s largest producer of geothermal power. It puts out about the same amount of electricity as a large conventional fossil-fuel plant — enough to power every household in San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_168274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-cannedheat.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-168274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-cannedheat.jpg\" alt=\"Canned heat\" width=\"390\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-cannedheat.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-cannedheat-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drilling at The Geysers began in 1955 and electricity production began with a UNOCAL power plant in 1960. The Calpine visitors center in Middletown features this commemorative artifact. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Energy from The Geysers represents more than one-third of America’s geothermal electricity. Put another way, it represents 18 percent of California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/\">renewable energy\u003c/a>, which also includes wind, solar, biomass and small hydroelectric sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three companies operate today in The Geysers geothermal field. \u003ca href=\"http://www.geysers.com/\">Calpine\u003c/a> is dominant with 15 power plants. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncpa.com/\">Northern California Power Agency\u003c/a> runs two plants and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlerockpower.com/\">Bottle Rock Power\u003c/a> has one. Recently I took part in a tour of The Geysers field led by Calpine geologists, where I heard about the company’s operations and future plans. The photos in this story all come from that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Dialogue Between Economics and Geology\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power companies have tapped the natural underground steam at The Geysers to generate electricity since 1960. During that time, the story of the steam field has been a dialogue between society and geology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, high oil and gas prices, plus new tax incentives, led to as many as a dozen operators drilling wells at The Geysers, each one tapping the steam as fast as it could. The reservoir’s steam supply began to run low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things fixed the situation. First, the field came under majority control by Calpine, allowing it to be managed instead of exploited. Second, operators found a more sustainable way to run this gigantic natural steam boiler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_168275\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-venting.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-168275\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-venting.jpg\" alt=\"Live steam at The Geysers\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-venting.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-venting-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Calpine geologist Joe Beall jumped out of our tour bus to show us some actual steam fresh from the underground. Most of this moisture originated as wastewater from nearby cities. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Geysers field’s natural water supply is limited, so operators have always recycled as much as they could, condensing the steam once it goes through the turbines and pumping it back underground. Some water is always lost to the atmosphere. Adding new water to this cycle creates what’s called an “enhanced geothermal system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new water used to replenish the steam reservoir is clean but nonpotable wastewater, piped in from the towns around Clear Lake starting in 1997, and from Santa Rosa in 2003. Today Calpine’s 333 steam wells are served by 60 injection wells that feed this water down to the deep hot rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Earthquake Problem\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high-energy process of pouring cold water onto hot rocks to crack them is done regularly to refresh the wells. But it produces lots of earthquakes. Nearly all are too small to be felt, although they show up on the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/\">government earthquake map\u003c/a>. But a handful each year reach magnitudes above 3, strong enough to cause noticeable shaking in communities next to the steam field. Calpine officials say they’re tinkering with the plant’s practices to minimize these, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.geysers.com/smac.aspx\">it provides regular updates to residents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far in 2015, the number of earthquakes of all sizes has been far below recent numbers. Indeed, just three magnitude-3 events have happened. Part of this decrease may be related to the ongoing drought, because water injection has been less than usual. But maybe it also signals an advance in managing the beast. Earthquake activity has been declining steadily for almost 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_168276\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-turbines.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-168276\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-turbines.jpg\" alt=\"Spare geothermal turbines\" width=\"401\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-turbines.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/geysers-turbines-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spare turbines in the Socrates Number 18 power plant. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Calpine’s staff scientists are collaborating on several different research projects to better understand the release of seismic energy by geothermal power activity. In one of these, \u003ca href=\"http://esd1.lbl.gov/research/projects/induced_seismicity/egs/\">Lawrence Berkeley Lab\u003c/a> studies enhanced geothermal system fields at The Geysers and elsewhere. The U.S. Geological Survey and UC Berkeley operate \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/bdsn/bdsn.overview.html\">a network of strong-motion instruments\u003c/a> at The Geysers in an effort to learn what distinguishes harmless earthquakes from significant ones, avoiding false alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Future of The Geysers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the northwest end of the field shows promise, it also presents problems. Wells drilled there in the 1990s produced steam with relatively large amounts of corrosive gases. Sulfur gases are routinely scrubbed from Geysers steam and supplied to chemical manufacturers as pure sulfur. Scrubbing chlorine gases takes an extra step, and an extra expense, between the well and the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 Calpine re-entered a 1980s-vintage well to drill deeper into the hottest zone and inject water into it. Calpine’s May 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/06/f23/Track4_EGS_2.7_Geysers_EGS_Demonstration.pdf\">presentation\u003c/a> about the project to a \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/eere/geothermal/2015-peer-review-presentations-geothermal-energy\">U.S. Department of Energy meeting\u003c/a> goes into great detail. Pumping tests went on from 2012 to 2014 and succeeded in gently cracking a sizeable body of hot rock, making its heat available to turn water into lots of steam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment was a qualified success. Steam from the fresh water flushed out most of the corrosive gases, and steam production was plentiful. Earthquakes occurred, but their greater depth and greater distance from inhabited places reduces their impact. The main hitch was that chlorine gases ate a hole in the steel borehole lining. Calpine will monitor the hole until 2017, then pick a more robust alloy — steel or titanium — to line the pipe and proceed with the next stage of its exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once safe procedures can be worked out, Calpine is prepared to move into the northwest sector. The same procedures will open up the deeper zones in the rest of the steam field, increasing the power that can be extracted and extending the life of the Geysers geothermal resource.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/RQ6N8zN3RCA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>NPR\u003cbr>\nby Lucy Perkins and Bill Chappell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPresident Obama formally unveiled his plan to cut power plant emissions — some two years in the making — calling it the “single most important step that America has ever made in the fight against global climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at the White House, the president said the plan includes the first-ever Environmental Protection Agency standards on carbon pollution from U.S. power plants. Over the next few years, each state will have the chance to create its own plan, he said, adding: “We’ll reward the states that take action sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end of his remarks, Obama cited other environmental issues, such as combating acid rain, where efforts have been successful even though it seemed hard at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can figure this stuff out, as long as we’re not lazy about it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president compared the requirement of cutting carbon emissions by 32 percent to taking 166 million cars off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our original post continues:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new push to confront climate change, President Obama is announcing new standards that would cut the amount of carbon pollution produced by America’s power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the first-ever national standards that address carbon pollution from power plants,” according to the Environmental Protection Agency, which adds that power plants are the largest source of carbon pollution in the U.S., generating 32 percent of the total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key elements of the Clean Power Plan include a requirement that would cut the power industry’s carbon pollution by 32 percent below 2005 levels in the next 15 years. The plan also seeks to boost renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House says that between now and 2015, the changes will mean better health for Americans – preventing up to 3,600 premature deaths – along with bringing energy savings for U.S. consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the plan \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan\">at the Environmental Protection Agency’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Scott Horsley reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“The final version of the EPA’s clean power plan requires somewhat deeper cuts in power plant emissions than a draft version made public a year ago. The power plant rule is the centerpiece of President Obama’s broader climate agenda. And he’s urging other big countries to take similarly aggressive action in advance of an international climate summit in Paris later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opponents, including Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell, have promised to fight the climate rule, and they’re urging states not to comply with the EPA regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The final rule does provide a somewhat more flexibile timeline for power companies, with the deadline for action pushed back two years to 2022.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The president is announcing the plan along with EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy and Surgeon General Vivek Murthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the plan Monday, the EPA also said, “2014 was the hottest year in recorded history, and 14 of the 15 warmest years on record have all occurred in the first 15 years of this century.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=President+Obama+Unveils+New+Power+Plant+Rules+In+%27Clean+Power+Plan%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://youtu.be/RQ6N8zN3RCA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>NPR\u003cbr>\nby Lucy Perkins and Bill Chappell\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPresident Obama formally unveiled his plan to cut power plant emissions — some two years in the making — calling it the “single most important step that America has ever made in the fight against global climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at the White House, the president said the plan includes the first-ever Environmental Protection Agency standards on carbon pollution from U.S. power plants. Over the next few years, each state will have the chance to create its own plan, he said, adding: “We’ll reward the states that take action sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end of his remarks, Obama cited other environmental issues, such as combating acid rain, where efforts have been successful even though it seemed hard at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can figure this stuff out, as long as we’re not lazy about it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president compared the requirement of cutting carbon emissions by 32 percent to taking 166 million cars off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our original post continues:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new push to confront climate change, President Obama is announcing new standards that would cut the amount of carbon pollution produced by America’s power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the first-ever national standards that address carbon pollution from power plants,” according to the Environmental Protection Agency, which adds that power plants are the largest source of carbon pollution in the U.S., generating 32 percent of the total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key elements of the Clean Power Plan include a requirement that would cut the power industry’s carbon pollution by 32 percent below 2005 levels in the next 15 years. The plan also seeks to boost renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House says that between now and 2015, the changes will mean better health for Americans – preventing up to 3,600 premature deaths – along with bringing energy savings for U.S. consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the plan \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan\">at the Environmental Protection Agency’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Scott Horsley reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“The final version of the EPA’s clean power plan requires somewhat deeper cuts in power plant emissions than a draft version made public a year ago. The power plant rule is the centerpiece of President Obama’s broader climate agenda. And he’s urging other big countries to take similarly aggressive action in advance of an international climate summit in Paris later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opponents, including Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell, have promised to fight the climate rule, and they’re urging states not to comply with the EPA regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The final rule does provide a somewhat more flexibile timeline for power companies, with the deadline for action pushed back two years to 2022.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The president is announcing the plan along with EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy and Surgeon General Vivek Murthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the plan Monday, the EPA also said, “2014 was the hottest year in recorded history, and 14 of the 15 warmest years on record have all occurred in the first 15 years of this century.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=President+Obama+Unveils+New+Power+Plant+Rules+In+%27Clean+Power+Plan%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Empowering Schools Worldwide With Solar Suitcases",
"headTitle": "Empowering Schools Worldwide With Solar Suitcases | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Packed with wires and electronics, the blue suitcases might not exactly breeze through airport security. But they’re most welcome where they’re going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re actually portable solar units used to power off-the-grid schools and hospitals in the developing world. And by assembling the suitcases themselves, Bay Area high school students are also learning about engineering and social justice issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you give kids something real to do, they really like it,” says Hal Aronson, director of technology at \u003ca href=\"http://www.wecaresolar.org\">We Care Solar\u003c/a>, a local nonprofit that designs and builds “\u003ca href=\"http://wecaresolar.org/solutions/we-care-solar-suitcase/\">solar suitcases\u003c/a>,” which are sent all over the world. “Like any other human being, they just want to be helpful, but they often don’t know how.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Serving Two Communities at Once\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its inception in 2009, We Care Solar has brought thousands of solar suitcases to places like Nepal, Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of these units are used to power medical clinics in regions that lack electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_147714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2736px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-147714 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667.jpg\" alt=\"We Care Solar co-founders Hal Aronson and Laura Satchel hold the panels for a solar suitcase prototype that was sent to Africa to power medical clinics.\" width=\"2736\" height=\"3648\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667.jpg 2736w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-1400x1867.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2736px) 100vw, 2736px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">We Care Solar co-founders Hal Aronson and Laura Stachel hold the panels for a solar suitcase prototype that was sent to Africa to power medical clinics. \u003ccite>(We Care Solar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But when they saw how effective the portable generators were, many schools and orphanages also started to request solar suitcases. Aronson saw an opportunity to serve two communities at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided to have American high school students build the suitcases. In so doing, they would learn about engineering, solar power and energy poverty. Then, these student-assembled suitcases would be sent to Africa to provide a renewable power and light for orphanages and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Partnership in the Bay Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aronson’s educational program, the similarly named \u003ca href=\"http://wecaresolar.org/about-we-share/\">We Share Solar\u003c/a>, has been active for several years. But this month, he agreed to try something more than just teaching the students to assemble the units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers and educators from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lawrencehallofscience.org\">Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/a> integrated the suitcase assembly into a three-week course for students in Oakland who might otherwise be at risk of dropping out of school. During this focused program, students received additional training in the engineering and design process. And additional partners like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaycollegefund.org/about/\">East Bay College Fund\u003c/a> provided career counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers hoped that the students would gain a real-world appreciation for what they were learning in school, which would motivate them to pursue advanced studies, especially in science and engineering fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early July, more than 20 students from the Oakland’s Skyline High School participated in the integrated three-week solar academy for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a capstone experience, the students explained their work to an audience of about 40 educators, engineers, and community members. Each group also showed off its completed, functional solar suitcases, ready to be sent to orphanages in Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Inspiring STEM Careers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids have built suitcases that are actually going to go to places where they are going to make a big difference in peoples’ lives,” says Ardice Hartry, Deputy Director of the Research Group at Lawrence Hall of Science and helped design the course. “That’s my favorite part of all this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students see a potential payoff for themselves as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_147715\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-147715 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender.jpg\" alt=\"Skyline High School student Daijonne explains the capabilities of the solar suitcase that her group constructed.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"994\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-800x497.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-1440x895.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-1400x870.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-1180x733.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-960x596.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skyline High School student Daijonne Cosby explains the capabilities of the solar suitcase that her group constructed. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It really did open up another option for me that I wasn’t aware of,” says Eunice Han, a rising junior who participated in the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_147716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-147716\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3.jpg\" alt=\"Skyline High School student Eunice Han presents a systems analysis of energy needs for the Ugandan communities that will receive the solar suitcases. She and many other students are considering careers in engineering as a result of their experience.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-1400x1050.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skyline High School student Eunice Han presents a systems analysis of energy needs for the Ugandan communities that will receive the solar suitcases. She and many other students are considering careers in engineering as a result of their experience. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was a very unique, eye-opening experience,” agrees Samuel Wild, another high school student. “Building the suitcases was really cool. I didn’t know much about that before. Of course, I thought I did, but I didn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the sidelines, Aronson watched the student presentations with delight. “In a moment like this, I can actually see that they’re gaining knowledge and are capable of sharing it. And they put some pride in their workmanship,” he said. “That’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Portable solar units assembled by Oakland K-12 students will be sent to power off-grid schools in Africa.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Packed with wires and electronics, the blue suitcases might not exactly breeze through airport security. But they’re most welcome where they’re going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re actually portable solar units used to power off-the-grid schools and hospitals in the developing world. And by assembling the suitcases themselves, Bay Area high school students are also learning about engineering and social justice issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you give kids something real to do, they really like it,” says Hal Aronson, director of technology at \u003ca href=\"http://www.wecaresolar.org\">We Care Solar\u003c/a>, a local nonprofit that designs and builds “\u003ca href=\"http://wecaresolar.org/solutions/we-care-solar-suitcase/\">solar suitcases\u003c/a>,” which are sent all over the world. “Like any other human being, they just want to be helpful, but they often don’t know how.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Serving Two Communities at Once\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its inception in 2009, We Care Solar has brought thousands of solar suitcases to places like Nepal, Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of these units are used to power medical clinics in regions that lack electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_147714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2736px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-147714 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667.jpg\" alt=\"We Care Solar co-founders Hal Aronson and Laura Satchel hold the panels for a solar suitcase prototype that was sent to Africa to power medical clinics.\" width=\"2736\" height=\"3648\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667.jpg 2736w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-1400x1867.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/IMG_8667-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2736px) 100vw, 2736px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">We Care Solar co-founders Hal Aronson and Laura Stachel hold the panels for a solar suitcase prototype that was sent to Africa to power medical clinics. \u003ccite>(We Care Solar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But when they saw how effective the portable generators were, many schools and orphanages also started to request solar suitcases. Aronson saw an opportunity to serve two communities at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided to have American high school students build the suitcases. In so doing, they would learn about engineering, solar power and energy poverty. Then, these student-assembled suitcases would be sent to Africa to provide a renewable power and light for orphanages and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Partnership in the Bay Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aronson’s educational program, the similarly named \u003ca href=\"http://wecaresolar.org/about-we-share/\">We Share Solar\u003c/a>, has been active for several years. But this month, he agreed to try something more than just teaching the students to assemble the units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers and educators from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lawrencehallofscience.org\">Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/a> integrated the suitcase assembly into a three-week course for students in Oakland who might otherwise be at risk of dropping out of school. During this focused program, students received additional training in the engineering and design process. And additional partners like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaycollegefund.org/about/\">East Bay College Fund\u003c/a> provided career counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers hoped that the students would gain a real-world appreciation for what they were learning in school, which would motivate them to pursue advanced studies, especially in science and engineering fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early July, more than 20 students from the Oakland’s Skyline High School participated in the integrated three-week solar academy for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a capstone experience, the students explained their work to an audience of about 40 educators, engineers, and community members. Each group also showed off its completed, functional solar suitcases, ready to be sent to orphanages in Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Inspiring STEM Careers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids have built suitcases that are actually going to go to places where they are going to make a big difference in peoples’ lives,” says Ardice Hartry, Deputy Director of the Research Group at Lawrence Hall of Science and helped design the course. “That’s my favorite part of all this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students see a potential payoff for themselves as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_147715\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-147715 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender.jpg\" alt=\"Skyline High School student Daijonne explains the capabilities of the solar suitcase that her group constructed.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"994\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-800x497.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-1440x895.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-1400x870.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-1180x733.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender-960x596.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skyline High School student Daijonne Cosby explains the capabilities of the solar suitcase that her group constructed. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It really did open up another option for me that I wasn’t aware of,” says Eunice Han, a rising junior who participated in the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_147716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-147716\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3.jpg\" alt=\"Skyline High School student Eunice Han presents a systems analysis of energy needs for the Ugandan communities that will receive the solar suitcases. She and many other students are considering careers in engineering as a result of their experience.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-1400x1050.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/FullSizeRender3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skyline High School student Eunice Han presents a systems analysis of energy needs for the Ugandan communities that will receive the solar suitcases. She and many other students are considering careers in engineering as a result of their experience. \u003ccite>(Johanna Varner/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was a very unique, eye-opening experience,” agrees Samuel Wild, another high school student. “Building the suitcases was really cool. I didn’t know much about that before. Of course, I thought I did, but I didn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the sidelines, Aronson watched the student presentations with delight. “In a moment like this, I can actually see that they’re gaining knowledge and are capable of sharing it. And they put some pride in their workmanship,” he said. “That’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Do You Make Greener Fuel? Copy a Leaf",
"headTitle": "How Do You Make Greener Fuel? Copy a Leaf | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/07/20150727ScienceFrankenLeaf.mp3\u003cbr>\nThe fuel Californians burn getting around in cars and trucks is a big driver of climate change, accounting for more than a third of the carbon pollution the state puts out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Berkeley are hoping to reverse that trend that by making fuel that doesn’t come from oil or other fossil fuels. Instead, they’re turning to renewable and abundant materials, like sunlight and carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound familiar? Green plants have already cracked the code of how to survive on light, carbon dioxide and water, through the process of photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nature has really given us a lot of things to be wowed and amazed by,” says \u003ca href=\"http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/faculty/chem/chris-chang\">Chris Chang\u003c/a>, a professor at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\">University of California, Berkeley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>. Even the lowly weeds growing outside his chemistry lab are an inspiration for this work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139911\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-139911\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1440x1031.jpg\" alt='UC Berkeley scientist Chris Chang demonstrates his \"artificial leaf\" - living microbes that absorb energy from a solar panel.' width=\"640\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1440x1031.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-400x286.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1400x1003.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-960x688.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.C. Berkeley scientist Chris Chang demonstrates his “artificial leaf” — living microbes that absorb energy from a solar panel. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What we want to do is take that idea,” he says, “the idea of making something useful from water, carbon dioxide and light — things that are freely abundant, freely sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds simple, but scientists have spent decades trying to understand photosynthesis and copy it in the lab, in the hope that “artificial leaves” could one day make fuel for our cars, using carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang, along with his colleagues Peidong Yang and Michelle Chang, have come up with their \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/04/16/major-advance-in-artificial-photosynthesis/\">own prototype\u003c/a>, but it looks nothing like a leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s essentially like a fancy cup,” he says, “and we have a broth, a soup, which has got bacteria or yeast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microbes are good at making complex substances, Chang says. In your kitchen, they help make yogurt or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/11/science-of-beer-tapping-the-power-of-brewers-yeast/\">beer\u003c/a>. He and his colleagues bioengineered microbes, changing their DNA to make other things — like biodiesel or the chemicals that make up plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing we ended up making was actually natural gas,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the microbes don’t normally run on sunlight, like a plant does. Chang could capture sunlight with a small solar panel, but the bacteria wouldn’t be able to harvest the energy and use it on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is sort of our Frankenstein-type of experiment, but if Frankenstein was solar-powered.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Chris Chang, U.C. Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So, Chang and his colleagues built something that can transfer the energy to the microbes; they built it using nanotechnology. “Something that’s way too small to see,” he says. “Orders of magnitude thinner than a human hair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As small as the bacteria themselves — designed just for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bacteria are like Easter-egg shaped,” he says, “and then we have nanomaterials that sit like blades of grass, sort of sticking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacteria sit within that “nanotech grass” and absorb the energy from the solar panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, Chang and his team electrified life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sort of our Frankenstein-type of experiment, but if Frankenstein was solar-powered,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team’s Frankenstein solution was no simple feat. It took several labs of chemists and biologists, who don’t normally work together, to marry a living system with a man-made one. In early versions of the prototype, the nano-materials killed off the microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-139913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web-400x434.jpg\" alt='Microbes absorb energy from a field of \"nanotech grass.\"' width=\"400\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web-400x434.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web.jpg 666w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microbes absorb energy from a field of “nanotech grass.” \u003ccite>(Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The research is still in the early stages and Chang says they’re working to double the efficiency of the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, looking decades ahead, the hope is that jugs of these solar-powered microbes could sit in our garages, pumping out biodiesel for our cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Photosynthesis is just an absolute marvel of nature,” says \u003ca href=\"http://solarfuelshub.org/personnel/harry-atwater.html\">Harry Atwater\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://solarfuelshub.org/\">Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis\u003c/a> (JCAP). “So it offers a really powerful template and example for us to follow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JCAP is a collaboration of four California institutions, including Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, and was launched five years ago with $120 million from the federal Department of Energy. The goal is to use sunlight to make liquid fuels, which are used by the transportation industry because they’re more easily stored than electricity is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very unlikely that anytime soon either you or I are going to take a flight on an electric-powered airplane,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is working on creating “artificial leaves” purely through man-made chemistry, unlike Chang’s system that uses living microbes. What it’ll cost to make the fuel, and what people will pay for it are both unknown. But Atwater hopes to create usable fuels at a large scale within a generation, a pace that would mirror the success of rooftop solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember when I was a kid, the idea of a photovoltaic industry that would produce significant power seemed like a far-fetched idea,” he says. “So that’s the sort of thing that gives me ultimate and profound optimism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says, copying green plants and turning carbon dioxide into fuel source, instead of a pollutant, would be a much-needed climate change solution.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For millennia, plants have made fuel out of sunlight and carbon dioxide. But it's not so easy to do in the lab.\r\n",
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"description": "For millennia, plants have made fuel out of sunlight and carbon dioxide. But it's not so easy to do in the lab.\r\n",
"title": "How Do You Make Greener Fuel? Copy a Leaf | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/07/20150727ScienceFrankenLeaf.mp3\u003cbr>\nThe fuel Californians burn getting around in cars and trucks is a big driver of climate change, accounting for more than a third of the carbon pollution the state puts out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Berkeley are hoping to reverse that trend that by making fuel that doesn’t come from oil or other fossil fuels. Instead, they’re turning to renewable and abundant materials, like sunlight and carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound familiar? Green plants have already cracked the code of how to survive on light, carbon dioxide and water, through the process of photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nature has really given us a lot of things to be wowed and amazed by,” says \u003ca href=\"http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/faculty/chem/chris-chang\">Chris Chang\u003c/a>, a professor at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\">University of California, Berkeley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>. Even the lowly weeds growing outside his chemistry lab are an inspiration for this work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139911\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-139911\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1440x1031.jpg\" alt='UC Berkeley scientist Chris Chang demonstrates his \"artificial leaf\" - living microbes that absorb energy from a solar panel.' width=\"640\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1440x1031.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-400x286.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1400x1003.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang-960x688.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/chang.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.C. Berkeley scientist Chris Chang demonstrates his “artificial leaf” — living microbes that absorb energy from a solar panel. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What we want to do is take that idea,” he says, “the idea of making something useful from water, carbon dioxide and light — things that are freely abundant, freely sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds simple, but scientists have spent decades trying to understand photosynthesis and copy it in the lab, in the hope that “artificial leaves” could one day make fuel for our cars, using carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang, along with his colleagues Peidong Yang and Michelle Chang, have come up with their \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/04/16/major-advance-in-artificial-photosynthesis/\">own prototype\u003c/a>, but it looks nothing like a leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s essentially like a fancy cup,” he says, “and we have a broth, a soup, which has got bacteria or yeast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microbes are good at making complex substances, Chang says. In your kitchen, they help make yogurt or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/11/science-of-beer-tapping-the-power-of-brewers-yeast/\">beer\u003c/a>. He and his colleagues bioengineered microbes, changing their DNA to make other things — like biodiesel or the chemicals that make up plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing we ended up making was actually natural gas,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the microbes don’t normally run on sunlight, like a plant does. Chang could capture sunlight with a small solar panel, but the bacteria wouldn’t be able to harvest the energy and use it on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is sort of our Frankenstein-type of experiment, but if Frankenstein was solar-powered.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Chris Chang, U.C. Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So, Chang and his colleagues built something that can transfer the energy to the microbes; they built it using nanotechnology. “Something that’s way too small to see,” he says. “Orders of magnitude thinner than a human hair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As small as the bacteria themselves — designed just for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bacteria are like Easter-egg shaped,” he says, “and then we have nanomaterials that sit like blades of grass, sort of sticking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacteria sit within that “nanotech grass” and absorb the energy from the solar panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, Chang and his team electrified life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sort of our Frankenstein-type of experiment, but if Frankenstein was solar-powered,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team’s Frankenstein solution was no simple feat. It took several labs of chemists and biologists, who don’t normally work together, to marry a living system with a man-made one. In early versions of the prototype, the nano-materials killed off the microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-139913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web-400x434.jpg\" alt='Microbes absorb energy from a field of \"nanotech grass.\"' width=\"400\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web-400x434.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/07/Peidong-Yang-figure-2-web.jpg 666w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microbes absorb energy from a field of “nanotech grass.” \u003ccite>(Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The research is still in the early stages and Chang says they’re working to double the efficiency of the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, looking decades ahead, the hope is that jugs of these solar-powered microbes could sit in our garages, pumping out biodiesel for our cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Photosynthesis is just an absolute marvel of nature,” says \u003ca href=\"http://solarfuelshub.org/personnel/harry-atwater.html\">Harry Atwater\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://solarfuelshub.org/\">Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis\u003c/a> (JCAP). “So it offers a really powerful template and example for us to follow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JCAP is a collaboration of four California institutions, including Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, and was launched five years ago with $120 million from the federal Department of Energy. The goal is to use sunlight to make liquid fuels, which are used by the transportation industry because they’re more easily stored than electricity is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very unlikely that anytime soon either you or I are going to take a flight on an electric-powered airplane,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center is working on creating “artificial leaves” purely through man-made chemistry, unlike Chang’s system that uses living microbes. What it’ll cost to make the fuel, and what people will pay for it are both unknown. But Atwater hopes to create usable fuels at a large scale within a generation, a pace that would mirror the success of rooftop solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember when I was a kid, the idea of a photovoltaic industry that would produce significant power seemed like a far-fetched idea,” he says. “So that’s the sort of thing that gives me ultimate and profound optimism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says, copying green plants and turning carbon dioxide into fuel source, instead of a pollutant, would be a much-needed climate change solution.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Electricity Bills Set to Rise for Millions of Californians",
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"content": "\u003cp>Electricity bills for millions of Californians could be on the rise, depending on what state energy regulators decide on Friday. It would be the most sweeping overhaul of electricity rates in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/puc/\">California Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a> are expected to decide between two competing plans that would change electricity prices for customers of Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities have been pushing for the overhaul, saying current prices don’t spread the cost of power fairly between heavy users and more efficient users. Solar companies, environmentalists and consumer groups have fought back, warning that California’s energy efficiency and renewable energy goals could suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Added Monthly Charge\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In months of debate leading up to Friday’s vote, the main sticking point had been something that may not seem earth-shattering at first glance: whether customers should have a fixed monthly charge on their bill. Utilities had proposed that customers pay $10 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Since the energy crisis back in the early 2000s, tiered rates were put in place to charge customers more as they used more energy. Today, it’s become an outdated way of paying for energy.’\u003ccite> Greg Snapper,PG&E spokesman \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“That’s to help share the cost of basic infrastructure that we all use and depend on – lines, poles, meters and so forth,” said PG&E spokesman Jonathan Marshall in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar companies saw it as a direct attack on their business model, since it makes solar installations less cost-effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A fixed charge does not help solar customers in any way because you can’t avoid it by generating your own electricity,” said Brad Heavner of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seia.org/state-solar-policy/california\">California Solar Energy Industries Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer groups also warned it would affect lower-income customers disproportionately and would make energy efficiency projects less appealing, since they would take longer to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response the fixed charge, PUC Commissioner Mike Florio offered an alternate plan that rejected the fixed charge in favor of a minimum bill amount, where customers would have to pay at least a minimal amount if their bills are close to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Wednesday, the original proposal was amended to reject the fixed charge as well, though it spells out conditions in the future where utilities could request it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Prices on the Rise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Today, some Californians see four different prices of electricity on their bills. A basic level of electricity use is charged at the lowest rate for everyone, which in PG&E territory is 16 cents per kilowatt hour. From there, the prices step up as a customer uses more, up to 33 cents a kilowatt hour. It’s known as tiered pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”sziw2CyjM2LKdjfLsLdGb723gzNWHocy”]“Since the energy crisis back in the early 2000s, tiered rates were put in place to charge customers more as they used more energy,” said Greg Snapper, a PG&E spokesman. “Today, it’s become an outdated way of paying for energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill that set the stage to revamp the tiers. Utilities say that since the energy crisis, the tiers have become skewed because the highest tiers have increased in price, but the lowest tired have remained largely the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the two new electricity rate proposals, the number of tiers would be reduced. The differences between the rates would be flattened as well. That’s expected to save money for the heaviest users of electricity, while those who use the least would see their bills rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the original proposal, there would be two tiers of electricity prices. According to an analysis done by the CPUC’s Office of Ratepayer Advocates before Wednesday’s revisions, 67 percent of customers would see an increase of $20 or more. Numbers have not been released for the revision released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Florio’s alternate plan, the tiers would only be reduced to three prices. In PG&E territory, the change would mean 35 percent of customers would see a monthly bill increase of $10 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some conservation groups don’t see the revised proposal going far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Commission has shown it continues to take orders from the utilities at the expense of the public,” said Evan Gillespie, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://content.sierraclub.org/coal/my-generation\">Sierra Club’s My Generation Campaign\u003c/a>. “The revised decision contains only nominal differences from the original, and continues to punish low energy users, hurt low income families and discourage conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC will decide on the two proposals on Friday. If the five-member commission approves one, it is scheduled to be phased in for customers by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Electricity bills for millions of Californians could be on the rise, depending on what state energy regulators decide on Friday. It would be the most sweeping overhaul of electricity rates in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/puc/\">California Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a> are expected to decide between two competing plans that would change electricity prices for customers of Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities have been pushing for the overhaul, saying current prices don’t spread the cost of power fairly between heavy users and more efficient users. Solar companies, environmentalists and consumer groups have fought back, warning that California’s energy efficiency and renewable energy goals could suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Added Monthly Charge\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In months of debate leading up to Friday’s vote, the main sticking point had been something that may not seem earth-shattering at first glance: whether customers should have a fixed monthly charge on their bill. Utilities had proposed that customers pay $10 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Since the energy crisis back in the early 2000s, tiered rates were put in place to charge customers more as they used more energy. Today, it’s become an outdated way of paying for energy.’\u003ccite> Greg Snapper,PG&E spokesman \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“That’s to help share the cost of basic infrastructure that we all use and depend on – lines, poles, meters and so forth,” said PG&E spokesman Jonathan Marshall in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar companies saw it as a direct attack on their business model, since it makes solar installations less cost-effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A fixed charge does not help solar customers in any way because you can’t avoid it by generating your own electricity,” said Brad Heavner of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seia.org/state-solar-policy/california\">California Solar Energy Industries Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer groups also warned it would affect lower-income customers disproportionately and would make energy efficiency projects less appealing, since they would take longer to pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response the fixed charge, PUC Commissioner Mike Florio offered an alternate plan that rejected the fixed charge in favor of a minimum bill amount, where customers would have to pay at least a minimal amount if their bills are close to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Wednesday, the original proposal was amended to reject the fixed charge as well, though it spells out conditions in the future where utilities could request it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Prices on the Rise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Today, some Californians see four different prices of electricity on their bills. A basic level of electricity use is charged at the lowest rate for everyone, which in PG&E territory is 16 cents per kilowatt hour. From there, the prices step up as a customer uses more, up to 33 cents a kilowatt hour. It’s known as tiered pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“Since the energy crisis back in the early 2000s, tiered rates were put in place to charge customers more as they used more energy,” said Greg Snapper, a PG&E spokesman. “Today, it’s become an outdated way of paying for energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill that set the stage to revamp the tiers. Utilities say that since the energy crisis, the tiers have become skewed because the highest tiers have increased in price, but the lowest tired have remained largely the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the two new electricity rate proposals, the number of tiers would be reduced. The differences between the rates would be flattened as well. That’s expected to save money for the heaviest users of electricity, while those who use the least would see their bills rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the original proposal, there would be two tiers of electricity prices. According to an analysis done by the CPUC’s Office of Ratepayer Advocates before Wednesday’s revisions, 67 percent of customers would see an increase of $20 or more. Numbers have not been released for the revision released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Florio’s alternate plan, the tiers would only be reduced to three prices. In PG&E territory, the change would mean 35 percent of customers would see a monthly bill increase of $10 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some conservation groups don’t see the revised proposal going far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Commission has shown it continues to take orders from the utilities at the expense of the public,” said Evan Gillespie, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://content.sierraclub.org/coal/my-generation\">Sierra Club’s My Generation Campaign\u003c/a>. “The revised decision contains only nominal differences from the original, and continues to punish low energy users, hurt low income families and discourage conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC will decide on the two proposals on Friday. If the five-member commission approves one, it is scheduled to be phased in for customers by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Supreme Court Blocks Obama Administration Plan On Power Plant Emissions",
"headTitle": "Supreme Court Blocks Obama Administration Plan On Power Plant Emissions | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme court has ruled against an Obama administration effort to limit toxic mercury emissions from power plants, saying the costs of compliance with regulation should be taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 5-4 decision, the court sided with industry and 23 states that challenged the Environmental Protection Agency over the rules for oil- and coal-fired utilities, which the EPA estimated would cost $9.6 billion dollars annually. The states and industry groups said the cost estimate far outweighed the benefits the rules would produce, estimated at $4 million to $6 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courts majority agreed, saying the EPA interpreted the regulation “unreasonably when it deemed cost irrelevant to the decision to regulate power plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Nina Totenberg \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/03/25/395106455/obama-administration-emissions-rules-face-supreme-court-test\">has this background\u003c/a> on the case, \u003cem>Michigan v. Environmental Protection Agency:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The regulations have been in the works for nearly two decades. Work on them began in the Clinton administration, got derailed in the George W. Bush administration, and then were revived and adopted in the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The regulations were subsequently upheld by a federal appeals court in Washington, D.C., last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They stem from 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, which ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to expedite limits on power plant emissions of mercury and 188 other dangerous air pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mercury is considered one of the most toxic pollutants because studies show that when it falls from the atmosphere, it readily passes from fish and other sources to a pregnant woman’s unborn fetus and the fetal brain, causing neurological abnormalities and delays in children. The EPA estimated that 7 percent of American women of childbearing age — millions of women — were being exposed to the pollutant in dangerous amounts.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+Blocks+Obama+Administration+Plan+On+Power+Plant+Emissions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme court has ruled against an Obama administration effort to limit toxic mercury emissions from power plants, saying the costs of compliance with regulation should be taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 5-4 decision, the court sided with industry and 23 states that challenged the Environmental Protection Agency over the rules for oil- and coal-fired utilities, which the EPA estimated would cost $9.6 billion dollars annually. The states and industry groups said the cost estimate far outweighed the benefits the rules would produce, estimated at $4 million to $6 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courts majority agreed, saying the EPA interpreted the regulation “unreasonably when it deemed cost irrelevant to the decision to regulate power plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Nina Totenberg \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/03/25/395106455/obama-administration-emissions-rules-face-supreme-court-test\">has this background\u003c/a> on the case, \u003cem>Michigan v. Environmental Protection Agency:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The regulations have been in the works for nearly two decades. Work on them began in the Clinton administration, got derailed in the George W. Bush administration, and then were revived and adopted in the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The regulations were subsequently upheld by a federal appeals court in Washington, D.C., last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They stem from 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, which ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to expedite limits on power plant emissions of mercury and 188 other dangerous air pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mercury is considered one of the most toxic pollutants because studies show that when it falls from the atmosphere, it readily passes from fish and other sources to a pregnant woman’s unborn fetus and the fetal brain, causing neurological abnormalities and delays in children. The EPA estimated that 7 percent of American women of childbearing age — millions of women — were being exposed to the pollutant in dangerous amounts.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+Blocks+Obama+Administration+Plan+On+Power+Plant+Emissions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Coal Train Dust Worries Richmond Residents",
"headTitle": "Coal Train Dust Worries Richmond Residents | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/Coal_dust.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This post contains a \u003ca href=\"#correction\">correction.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTrains heaped with coal pass through Richmond every week on their way to the city’s port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Parchester Village, a largely black and Latino neighborhood in northwestern Richmond, residents say coal dust blows off the open mounds, covering the grass and coating their screen doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This little neighborhood, nobody seems to care about,” says Paul Marquis, who moved to Parchester Village three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquis says in the last year, he’s seen more trains go by, and more black dust on his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s everywhere,” he says. “If your truck sits here for two, three days without moving you can write your name on the front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58819\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-58819\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Marquis wipes dust from his screen door. He says the dust blows off open mounds of coal as trains pass by. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Marquis wipes dust from his screen door. He says the dust blows off open mounds of coal as trains pass by. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To demonstrate, Marquis pours a bucket of water down his screen door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It runs off dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That coal trains can lose particles and dust from open cars is no news to BNSF Railway, which has studied the issue. BNSF found that every uncovered coal car can lose between 500 pounds and one ton of coal in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s such a big safety problem on the tracks that BNSF requires coal companies in Montana and Wyoming that ship a lot of volume to cover their coal cars or spray them down to reduce the amount of dust lost in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no such rule applies to the coal cars traveling through Richmond because those shipments come from Colorado and Utah, states that don’t ship as much volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After passing Parchester Village, the coal cars trundle on to the privately owned Levin-Richmond Terminal on the waterfront, just south of Interstate 580.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he doesn’t know how many coal trains pass through his town because federal law protects that information. But he describes it as “a big operation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-131296\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-800x399.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"356\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-800x399.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-400x200.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1440x719.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1400x699.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1180x589.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-960x479.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map.jpg 1915w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\">\u003c/a>Last year Richmond exported more than a million tons of coal and petcoke combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal ships mostly to Japan and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petcoke comes in covered trucks from the nearby Phillips66 refinery to load onto boats headed for Australia and Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are worried,” says Butt. In the last year he says more residents have called his office to ask about the coal cars. “Fresh coal actually does have an odor to it,” he explains. “People can smell it and they see it and they don’t know what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time the contents of stockpiles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal have raised concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Our staff saw the material dropping from the conveyor belt directly into the water, saw it falling off the piles into the water, and blowing off of the piles into the water.”\u003ccite>Sejal Choksi-Chugh\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Baykeeper\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The company began exporting coal in 2013, but before that had exported petcoke for at least a couple of decades. Three years ago, an environmental group sued the Levin-Richmond Terminal over its handling of the petroleum by-product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will pile it up very high on the order of ten, twenty, thirty feet high on the dock,” says Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff at the non-profit observed problems at the terminal during a boating patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our staff saw the material dropping from the conveyor belt directly into the water, saw it falling off the piles into the water, and blowing off of the piles into the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baykeeper sued the Levin-Richmond Terminal for violating the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admitting no wrongdoing, the company settled the lawsuit in 2014. The terminal operator agreed to enclose the conveyor system it used to load the ships and to stop loading when the wind is too strong. Choksi-Chugh says the settlement has reduced water pollution problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing has been done, however, to address potential health problems related to airborne particles from the piles of coal and petcoke, or from the rail cars that transport the coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to be interviewed but in a written statement said it complies with all regulations and rules, and is considering a plan to enclose the stockpiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58822\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-58822\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he'd like to know how much coal dust blows from open piles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal. Coal particles can break down into smaller particulate matter that's harmful to lungs, as they get kicked up over and over by cars and shoes. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he’d like to know how much coal dust blows from open piles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal. Coal particles can break down into smaller particulate matter that’s harmful to lungs, as they get kicked up over and over by cars and shoes. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just outside the terminal fence, Mayor Butt bends down to scoop up a handful of black soot, “You can see there’s dust here. You can see the remnants of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Butt the question isn’t whether there’s dust escaping the Levin-Richmond terminal operations, it’s “How much, and how far away does it move, and what’s the size of the particulate matter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butt says that’s information he’s like to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law regulates petcoke and coal dust — not as toxic substances — but as particulate matter. Because particulate matter tends to effect communities in close proximity to the source, it usually falls to state and local governments to enforce limits. That’s one reason efforts to diminish particulate matter from petcoke and coal vary widely in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air regulators for the San Francisco Bay have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/Files/Planning%20and%20Research/Rules%20and%20Regs/reg%2006/rg0601.ashx?la=en\">district rule\u003c/a> that prohibits visible dust from crossing property lines, but according to Eric Stevenson with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, it’s hard to enforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An inspector has to be there for a certain amount of time,” Stevenson explains, “see the dust particles crossing across the fence line, ensure that those particles are coming from that facility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Usually what we do is attack emissions and things like that in a ‘What are we going to get the biggest bang for our buck?’ kind-of-way.”\u003ccite>Eric Stevenson\u003cbr>\nBay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Documents obtained by KQED under a public records request shows that BAAQMD’s inspections of the Levin-Richmond terminal found no visible dust coming off the property from 1997 to 2011. And then regular inspections stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the inspector assigned to the facility investigated a complaint of dust coming from the terminal, but found no supporting evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years, since Baykeeper sued and coal exports began, the air district has not inspected the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge for regulators is that the district lacks specific rules governing the storage or transport of petcoke and coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson says regulators focus resources on the largest sources of emissions, like Chevron and other Bay Area refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually what we do is attack emissions and things like that in a ‘what are we going to get the biggest bang for our buck?’ kind-of-way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-58918\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-800x369.png\" alt=\"Aerial view of Levin-Richmond Terminal, via Google. The dark ovals are piles of petcoke or coal waiting for export. \" width=\"800\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-800x369.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-400x184.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-960x443.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond.png 1089w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Levin-Richmond Terminal, via Google. The dark ovals are piles of petcoke or coal waiting for export.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compared to Chevron, the Levin Richmond Terminal is small potatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Los Angeles and Long Beach Ports, exports of petcoke and coal are a much bigger deal. Shipments of both started causing problems there over twenty years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a significant number of complaints from residents near the ports,” recalls Mohsen Nazemi with the South Coast Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazemi, who directs engineering and compliance, says the houses of people living near rail tracks and truck routes were blanketed with black soot, and so were the schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought it was a health issue,” Nazemi says, “because some of the particles were fine particles and if you inhale fine particles it can cause respiratory and other types of health problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the l980’s the South Coast Air District adopted \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/rule-book/reg-xi/rule-1158.pdf?sfvrsn=4\">new rules\u003c/a> that require refineries and ports to enclose conveyor belts and stockpiles. Trains and trucks had to cover their loads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-quality-monitoring-studies/rule-1158-follow-up-studies/rule-1158-follow-up-study-12-and-13-combo.pdf?sfvrsn=7\"> report \u003c/a>found no more significant problems with petroleum coke and coal dust in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Richmond City Council passed a\u003ca href=\"http://sireweb.ci.richmond.ca.us/sirepub/cache/2/jlwxxvmweoumpgnmf50eigzo/43345206172015010728238.PDF\"> resolution\u003c/a> urging Bay Area air regulators to adopt the South Coast’s rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58913\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-58913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Sahagun with the California Nurses Association is surveying the health of residents in Richmond's Parchester Village. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Sahagun with the California Nurses Association is surveying the health of residents in Richmond’s Parchester Village. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Air district staff is drafting regulations that would closely mirror Southern California’s rule but it could take a year or two for the board to adopt them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, the Sierra Club and the California Nurses Association began surveying residents at Parchester Village for health impacts from coal dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day of the survey, nurse Maria Sahagun knocked on the door of a house where the back yard faces the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A six-year-old girl was doing cartwheels across the yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So agile!” exclaims Sahagun. Then, fighting back tears, observes, “She’s the perfect example of the children in this community that are affected by the coal dust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahagun, who worked at Doctors Medical Center until it closed in April, says the girl has asthma so severe medications sometimes don’t work and she has to go to the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists plan to continue surveying Richmond residents through the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BAAQMD’s board is expected to begin parsing new regulations on coal and petcoke dust later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> This post originally stated that BNSF owns the train tracks that ship coal to Richmond. In fact, BNSF does not ship coal in California. Union Pacific “has on occasion hauled coal to the city of Richmond,” according to a company spokesman. The coal comes mainly from Colorado and Utah.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Ashy black powders blow from open coal cars and pile on the Richmond dock, and no regulation prohibits it.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/06/Coal_dust.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This post contains a \u003ca href=\"#correction\">correction.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTrains heaped with coal pass through Richmond every week on their way to the city’s port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Parchester Village, a largely black and Latino neighborhood in northwestern Richmond, residents say coal dust blows off the open mounds, covering the grass and coating their screen doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This little neighborhood, nobody seems to care about,” says Paul Marquis, who moved to Parchester Village three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquis says in the last year, he’s seen more trains go by, and more black dust on his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s everywhere,” he says. “If your truck sits here for two, three days without moving you can write your name on the front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58819\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-58819\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Marquis wipes dust from his screen door. He says the dust blows off open mounds of coal as trains pass by. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5208-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Marquis wipes dust from his screen door. He says the dust blows off open mounds of coal as trains pass by. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To demonstrate, Marquis pours a bucket of water down his screen door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It runs off dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That coal trains can lose particles and dust from open cars is no news to BNSF Railway, which has studied the issue. BNSF found that every uncovered coal car can lose between 500 pounds and one ton of coal in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s such a big safety problem on the tracks that BNSF requires coal companies in Montana and Wyoming that ship a lot of volume to cover their coal cars or spray them down to reduce the amount of dust lost in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no such rule applies to the coal cars traveling through Richmond because those shipments come from Colorado and Utah, states that don’t ship as much volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After passing Parchester Village, the coal cars trundle on to the privately owned Levin-Richmond Terminal on the waterfront, just south of Interstate 580.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he doesn’t know how many coal trains pass through his town because federal law protects that information. But he describes it as “a big operation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-131296\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-800x399.jpg\" alt=\"Print\" width=\"356\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-800x399.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-400x200.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1440x719.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1400x699.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-1180x589.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map-960x479.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Coal-Dust-Map.jpg 1915w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\">\u003c/a>Last year Richmond exported more than a million tons of coal and petcoke combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal ships mostly to Japan and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petcoke comes in covered trucks from the nearby Phillips66 refinery to load onto boats headed for Australia and Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are worried,” says Butt. In the last year he says more residents have called his office to ask about the coal cars. “Fresh coal actually does have an odor to it,” he explains. “People can smell it and they see it and they don’t know what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time the contents of stockpiles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal have raised concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Our staff saw the material dropping from the conveyor belt directly into the water, saw it falling off the piles into the water, and blowing off of the piles into the water.”\u003ccite>Sejal Choksi-Chugh\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Baykeeper\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The company began exporting coal in 2013, but before that had exported petcoke for at least a couple of decades. Three years ago, an environmental group sued the Levin-Richmond Terminal over its handling of the petroleum by-product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will pile it up very high on the order of ten, twenty, thirty feet high on the dock,” says Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff at the non-profit observed problems at the terminal during a boating patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our staff saw the material dropping from the conveyor belt directly into the water, saw it falling off the piles into the water, and blowing off of the piles into the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baykeeper sued the Levin-Richmond Terminal for violating the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admitting no wrongdoing, the company settled the lawsuit in 2014. The terminal operator agreed to enclose the conveyor system it used to load the ships and to stop loading when the wind is too strong. Choksi-Chugh says the settlement has reduced water pollution problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing has been done, however, to address potential health problems related to airborne particles from the piles of coal and petcoke, or from the rail cars that transport the coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to be interviewed but in a written statement said it complies with all regulations and rules, and is considering a plan to enclose the stockpiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58822\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-58822\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he'd like to know how much coal dust blows from open piles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal. Coal particles can break down into smaller particulate matter that's harmful to lungs, as they get kicked up over and over by cars and shoes. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5370-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richmond Mayor Tom Butt says he’d like to know how much coal dust blows from open piles at the Levin-Richmond Terminal. Coal particles can break down into smaller particulate matter that’s harmful to lungs, as they get kicked up over and over by cars and shoes. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just outside the terminal fence, Mayor Butt bends down to scoop up a handful of black soot, “You can see there’s dust here. You can see the remnants of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Butt the question isn’t whether there’s dust escaping the Levin-Richmond terminal operations, it’s “How much, and how far away does it move, and what’s the size of the particulate matter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butt says that’s information he’s like to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law regulates petcoke and coal dust — not as toxic substances — but as particulate matter. Because particulate matter tends to effect communities in close proximity to the source, it usually falls to state and local governments to enforce limits. That’s one reason efforts to diminish particulate matter from petcoke and coal vary widely in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air regulators for the San Francisco Bay have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/Files/Planning%20and%20Research/Rules%20and%20Regs/reg%2006/rg0601.ashx?la=en\">district rule\u003c/a> that prohibits visible dust from crossing property lines, but according to Eric Stevenson with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, it’s hard to enforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An inspector has to be there for a certain amount of time,” Stevenson explains, “see the dust particles crossing across the fence line, ensure that those particles are coming from that facility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Usually what we do is attack emissions and things like that in a ‘What are we going to get the biggest bang for our buck?’ kind-of-way.”\u003ccite>Eric Stevenson\u003cbr>\nBay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Documents obtained by KQED under a public records request shows that BAAQMD’s inspections of the Levin-Richmond terminal found no visible dust coming off the property from 1997 to 2011. And then regular inspections stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the inspector assigned to the facility investigated a complaint of dust coming from the terminal, but found no supporting evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years, since Baykeeper sued and coal exports began, the air district has not inspected the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the challenge for regulators is that the district lacks specific rules governing the storage or transport of petcoke and coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson says regulators focus resources on the largest sources of emissions, like Chevron and other Bay Area refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually what we do is attack emissions and things like that in a ‘what are we going to get the biggest bang for our buck?’ kind-of-way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-58918\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-800x369.png\" alt=\"Aerial view of Levin-Richmond Terminal, via Google. The dark ovals are piles of petcoke or coal waiting for export. \" width=\"800\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-800x369.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-400x184.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond-960x443.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/Ariel-view-of-Levin-Richmond.png 1089w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Levin-Richmond Terminal, via Google. The dark ovals are piles of petcoke or coal waiting for export.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compared to Chevron, the Levin Richmond Terminal is small potatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Los Angeles and Long Beach Ports, exports of petcoke and coal are a much bigger deal. Shipments of both started causing problems there over twenty years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a significant number of complaints from residents near the ports,” recalls Mohsen Nazemi with the South Coast Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazemi, who directs engineering and compliance, says the houses of people living near rail tracks and truck routes were blanketed with black soot, and so were the schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought it was a health issue,” Nazemi says, “because some of the particles were fine particles and if you inhale fine particles it can cause respiratory and other types of health problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the l980’s the South Coast Air District adopted \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/rule-book/reg-xi/rule-1158.pdf?sfvrsn=4\">new rules\u003c/a> that require refineries and ports to enclose conveyor belts and stockpiles. Trains and trucks had to cover their loads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-quality-monitoring-studies/rule-1158-follow-up-studies/rule-1158-follow-up-study-12-and-13-combo.pdf?sfvrsn=7\"> report \u003c/a>found no more significant problems with petroleum coke and coal dust in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Richmond City Council passed a\u003ca href=\"http://sireweb.ci.richmond.ca.us/sirepub/cache/2/jlwxxvmweoumpgnmf50eigzo/43345206172015010728238.PDF\"> resolution\u003c/a> urging Bay Area air regulators to adopt the South Coast’s rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58913\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-58913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Sahagun with the California Nurses Association is surveying the health of residents in Richmond's Parchester Village. (Julie Small/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/IMG_5217-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Sahagun with the California Nurses Association is surveying the health of residents in Richmond’s Parchester Village. (Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Air district staff is drafting regulations that would closely mirror Southern California’s rule but it could take a year or two for the board to adopt them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, the Sierra Club and the California Nurses Association began surveying residents at Parchester Village for health impacts from coal dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day of the survey, nurse Maria Sahagun knocked on the door of a house where the back yard faces the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A six-year-old girl was doing cartwheels across the yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So agile!” exclaims Sahagun. Then, fighting back tears, observes, “She’s the perfect example of the children in this community that are affected by the coal dust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahagun, who worked at Doctors Medical Center until it closed in April, says the girl has asthma so severe medications sometimes don’t work and she has to go to the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists plan to continue surveying Richmond residents through the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BAAQMD’s board is expected to begin parsing new regulations on coal and petcoke dust later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> This post originally stated that BNSF owns the train tracks that ship coal to Richmond. In fact, BNSF does not ship coal in California. Union Pacific “has on occasion hauled coal to the city of Richmond,” according to a company spokesman. The coal comes mainly from Colorado and Utah.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
},
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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