window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_1937441": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1937441",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1937441",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1937435,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/00252-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1548897765,
"modified": 1548897807,
"caption": "PG&E has signed billions of dollars in contracts with renewable energy companies.",
"description": null,
"title": "PV modules at the Kerman site near Fresno, California",
"credit": "NREL",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1937352": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1937352",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1937352",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1937151,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-e1548787753264.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1548787732,
"modified": 1548807179,
"caption": "Sunset over Bakersfield, California, in the San Joaquin Valley.",
"description": null,
"title": "835426327_b9c8e58fb6_o (1)",
"credit": "Andy Castro",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1923689": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1923689",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923689",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1923652,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-520x325.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 325
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-160x100.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 100
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-375x234.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 234
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 500
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-800x500.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 500
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-768x480.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 480
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Solar-Panel-240x150.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
}
},
"publishDate": 1525828244,
"modified": 1544125490,
"caption": "Almost all new homes in California will be required to come equipped with solar panels starting in 2020. The state's Building Standards Commission gave final approval for the mandate -- the first of its kind in the nation -- on Wednesday, Dec. 5, 2018.",
"description": null,
"title": "Solar Panel",
"credit": "Dennis Schroeder/Department of Energy",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_13657": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_13657",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "13657",
"found": true
},
"parent": 0,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Fracking-main.jpg",
"width": 630,
"height": 473
}
},
"publishDate": 1391038158,
"modified": 1516898379,
"caption": "Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Fracking-main",
"credit": "Craig Miller/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1933668": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1933668",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1933668",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1933667,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5.jpg",
"width": 3598,
"height": 2699
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1200x900.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 900
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1540590202,
"modified": 1540590537,
"caption": "New research explores how people think autonomous vehicles should handle moral dilemmas. Here, people walk in front of an autonomous taxi being demonstrated in Frankfurt, Germany, last year.",
"description": "New research explores how people think autonomous vehicles should handle moral dilemmas. Here, people walk in front of an autonomous taxi being demonstrated in Frankfurt, Germany, last year.",
"title": "New research explores how people think autonomous vehicles should handle moral dilemmas. Here, people walk in front of an autonomous taxi being demonstrated in Frankfurt, Germany, last year.",
"credit": "Andreas Arnold/Bloomberg/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1933388": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1933388",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1933388",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1933282,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248.jpg",
"width": 2121,
"height": 1414
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/iStock-849207248-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1540143614,
"modified": 1540231917,
"caption": "Supporters of Proposition 7 believe the time has come to reevaluate our biannual practice of changing our clocks.",
"description": null,
"title": "Clock on the bed in the morning.",
"credit": "manop1984/iStockphoto",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1933110": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1933110",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1933110",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1933109,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-520x292.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d.jpg",
"width": 4832,
"height": 2717
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/ap_17279712126426greenhouse_wide-1bf4d944b467b2ff9b17c153b8275b366cd8542d-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1539871653,
"modified": 1539871736,
"caption": "In this June 3, 2017, file photo, the coal-fired Plant Scherer stands in the distance in Juliette, Ga.",
"description": "In this June 3, 2017, file photo, the coal-fired Plant Scherer stands in the distance in Juliette, Ga.",
"title": "In this June 3, 2017, file photo, the coal-fired Plant Scherer stands in the distance in Juliette, Ga.",
"credit": "Branden Camp/AP",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1932896": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1932896",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932896",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1932894,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752.jpg",
"width": 3600,
"height": 2403
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-1020x681.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 681
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-1200x801.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 801
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-1920x1282.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1282
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-1920x1282.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1282
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-768x513.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 513
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-693862752-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1539707549,
"modified": 1539707607,
"caption": "The entrance to the Corsa Coal's Acosta Deep Mine on June 8, 2017 in Friedens, Pennsylvania. The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of U.S. coal and natural gas to Asia. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Corsa Coal Opens New Mine In Pennsylvania",
"credit": "Justin Merriman/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1932456": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1932456",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932456",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1932453,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 2000
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1047625592-1-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1539015947,
"modified": 1539015972,
"caption": "New York University (NYU) professor Paul Romer speaks at a news conference after being named a winner of the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with professor William D. Nordhaus of Yale University on October 8, 2018 in New York City. Romer received the award for what the the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited as his work \"integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis.Ó Both Romer and NordhausÕs work has highlighted the global debate over the impact of climate change. ",
"description": null,
"title": "New York University Prof. Paul Romer Shares 2018 Nobel Prize In Economics",
"credit": "Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_7534": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_7534",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7534",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7468,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/smokestacks-featured.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1377293892,
"modified": 1538983564,
"caption": "San Fernando Valley Generating Station, Sun Valley, California. A United Nations science report released on Sunday says limiting global warming by an extra degree could be a matter of life or death for people and ecosystems.",
"description": "SUN VALLEY, CA - DECEMBER 11: The Department of Water and Power (DWP) San Fernando Valley Generating Station is seen December 11, 2008 in Sun Valley, California. Under a new climate plan before state regulators, California would take major steps toward cutting greenhouse gas emissions. If adopted by the California Air Resources Board, it would be the most ambitious global warming prevention plan in the nation, outlining for the first time how businesses and the public would meet the 2006 law that made the state a leader on global climate change. The action would lead to the creation of a carbon-credit market to make it cheaper for the biggest polluters to cut emissions, and change the ways utilities generate power, businesses use electricity, and personal transportation (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)",
"title": "smokestacks-featured",
"credit": "Photo by David McNew/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1932361": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1932361",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932361",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1932359,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-520x336.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 336
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-160x103.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 103
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-960x620.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 620
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-375x242.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 242
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 1938
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-1020x659.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 659
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-1180x762.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 762
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-1200x775.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 775
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-800x517.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 517
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-1920x1240.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1240
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-1180x762.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 762
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-1920x1240.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1240
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-768x496.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 496
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-74171434-240x155.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 155
}
},
"publishDate": 1538752343,
"modified": 1538752416,
"caption": "Rows of wind turbines are seen at a wind farm, May 16, 2007 in Livermore, California. A new study out of Harvard finds that ramping up wind power in America would also dial up the nation’s temperatures.",
"description": null,
"title": "Wind Turbines Help Supply Oakland's Energy Needs",
"credit": "Justin Sullivan/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1351641": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1351641",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1351641",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1351640,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-520x292.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27.jpg",
"width": 2900,
"height": 1631
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/ap_16225650583415_wide-ac00882b1df9266150a19f377c9d0b8d8e24cf27-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1485366574,
"modified": 1527868344,
"caption": "Electric cars are parked at the Los Angeles Police Department in 2016. ",
"description": "Electric cars are parked at the Los Angeles Police Department in 2016. California's latest plan for to fight climate change includes renewable energy and putting millions of electric cars on the road.",
"title": "Electric cars are parked at the Los Angeles Police Department in 2016. California's latest plan for to fight climate change includes renewable energy and putting millions of electric cars on the road.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_1935381": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1935381",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1935381",
"name": "Bill Chappell\u003cbr />NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1933667": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1933667",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1933667",
"name": "Laurel Wamsley, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1933109": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1933109",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1933109",
"name": "Scott Horsley, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1932894": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1932894",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1932894",
"name": "The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1932453": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1932453",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1932453",
"name": "Jim Heintz\u003cbr />David Keyton\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1932445": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1932445",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1932445",
"name": "Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1932359": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1932359",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1932359",
"name": "Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"dventon": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11088",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11088",
"found": true
},
"name": "Danielle Venton",
"firstName": "Danielle",
"lastName": "Venton",
"slug": "dventon",
"email": "dventon@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Science reporter",
"bio": "Danielle Venton is a reporter for KQED Science. She covers wildfires, space and oceans (though she is prone to sea sickness).\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2015, Danielle was a staff reporter at KRCB in Sonoma County and a freelancer. She studied science communication at UC Santa Cruz and formerly worked at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland where she wrote about computing. She lives in Sonoma County and enjoys backpacking.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/37b292b5c40c8d93959c4f48d73b5286f41b7abd8588277e941905a3ed4c801c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "DanielleVenton",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Danielle Venton | KQED",
"description": "Science reporter",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/37b292b5c40c8d93959c4f48d73b5286f41b7abd8588277e941905a3ed4c801c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/37b292b5c40c8d93959c4f48d73b5286f41b7abd8588277e941905a3ed4c801c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dventon"
},
"parcuni": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11368",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11368",
"found": true
},
"name": "Peter Arcuni",
"firstName": "Peter",
"lastName": "Arcuni",
"slug": "parcuni",
"email": "parcuni@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Reporter",
"bio": "Peter reports radio and online stories for \u003cem>KQED Science\u003c/em>. His work has also appeared on the \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> morning show and \u003cem>KQED News\u003c/em>. His production credits include \u003cem>The California Report, The California Report Magazine\u003c/em> and KQED's local news podcast \u003cem>The Bay\u003c/em>. Other credits include NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, WNYC's \u003cem>Science Friday\u003c/em>, WBUR's \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em>, WIRED and SFGate. Peter graduated from Brown University and earned a master's degree in journalism from Stanford. He's covered everything from homelessness to wildfires, health, the environment, arts and Thanksgiving in San Quentin prison. In other lives, he played rock n roll music and studied neuroscience. You can email him at: parcuni@kqed.org",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "peterarcuni",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Peter Arcuni | KQED",
"description": "Reporter",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/parcuni"
},
"aahmed": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11428",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11428",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amel Ahmed",
"firstName": "Amel",
"lastName": "Ahmed",
"slug": "aahmed",
"email": "aahmed@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "amelscript",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amel Ahmed | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aahmed"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_energy": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"score": 12.797518
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Energy",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 15
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=energy",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 15
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_1937435": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1937435",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1937435",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1548952676000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "renewable-energy-companies-go-on-offense-in-pge-bankruptcy",
"title": "California’s Big Climate Plans Could Be in Hands of PG&E Bankruptcy Judge",
"publishDate": 1548952676,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "California’s Big Climate Plans Could Be in Hands of PG&E Bankruptcy Judge | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cp>Bankruptcy lawyers began hashing out the future of PG&E in court this week, but the battle over billions of dollars in renewable energy power is already well underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar and wind companies, concerned that PG&E will be paying them less or even nothing in the future, have launched a preemptive strike, asking federal regulators to step in to protect their deals with PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is one of the largest buyers of renewable energy in the country, driven by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the ambitious climate change goals\u003c/a> California has adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the state passed a law requiring utilities to get 20 percent of their electricity from sources like solar and wind. Last year\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> the state put utilities on the hook for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100 percent clean energy\u003c/a> by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made them our essential clean energy partners,” says Ralph Cavanagh, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “A federal bankruptcy judge has the ability to disrupt that in many ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In bankruptcy proceedings, the judge takes stock of all the debts a company has and then determines how its limited funds are paid out. One possibility is either reducing or rejecting some of the almost 300 renewable energy contracts on PG&E’s books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suddenly those are at risk,” says Cavanagh. “That’s causing consternation across the renewable energy sector, understandably.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of PG&E’s solar contracts date back more than a decade, when the technology was relatively expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contracts that PG&E signed were some of the richest and highest price contracts we’ve seen for clean energy to date in the U.S.,” says Ethan Zindler, an analyst with Bloomberg New Energy Finance. “The price of renewables has dropped really dramatically since when they signed these contracts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its bankruptcy filing, PG&E claims some of the credit for helping renewable energy come of age, saying its contracts “contributed to significant price reductions for renewable energy resources currently available in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PG&E is still paying out those contracts, which can last 15 to 20 years. The bankruptcy judge could potentially seek to change their terms or prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could undermine confidence in California as a clean energy market going forward,” says Zindler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, several renewable energy projects have seen their credit ratings downgraded because of their contracts with PG&E, including NextEra Energy’s Genesis Solar Energy Project, located in the Mojave Desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an earning’s call last week, NextEra sought to reassure investors its PG&E contracts wouldn’t impact its bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if all of that cash is trapped, we expect to be able to meet our financial expectations,” said NextEra CFO John Ketchum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company went on the offense, too. It asked federal regulators at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, we are not going to sit on our heels,” said Ketchum. “We’re going to pursue all avenues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FERC oversees power contracts across state lines, and on Friday it asserted it has a role to play, writing, “this Commission and the bankruptcy courts have concurrent jurisdiction to review and address the disposition of wholesale power contracts sought to be rejected through bankruptcy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E responded by asking the bankruptcy court to declare its exclusive jurisdiction, to prevent “irreparable harm” to PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s going to be the jurisdictional fight,” says Catharine Sandoval, law professor at Santa Clara University and a former state energy regulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other utility cases, “this has been a tussle that’s been playing out in bankruptcy courts all over the nation,” she says. Some bankruptcy courts have decided to leave power contracts alone, while others have amended them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval expects to see California also enter the jurisdictional battle in order to protect its renewable energy goals. Achieving them would be unlikely without the full participation of the state’s biggest utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They might argue: ‘Wait, judge, we have adopted in California a number of laws regarding environmental protection. And the bankruptcy law gives you no authority to displace that,’” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If PG&E’s last bankruptcy is any guide, a judge may decide to preserve the environmental programs. In 2001, PG&E’s energy efficiency spending was left untouched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not automatic,” cautions Cavanagh. “With a limited amount of money available to pay claims, nothing is certain, and that’s one of the reasons you want to stay out of bankruptcy proceedings. Everyone loses.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Solar and wind companies have asked the federal government to protect their power deals with PG&E.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1725578040,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 27,
"wordCount": 816
},
"headData": {
"title": "California’s Big Climate Plans Could Be in Hands of PG&E Bankruptcy Judge | KQED",
"description": "Solar and wind companies have asked the federal government to protect their power deals with PG&E.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California’s Big Climate Plans Could Be in Hands of PG&E Bankruptcy Judge",
"datePublished": "2019-01-31T08:37:56-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-09-05T16:14:00-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1937435/renewable-energy-companies-go-on-offense-in-pge-bankruptcy",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bankruptcy lawyers began hashing out the future of PG&E in court this week, but the battle over billions of dollars in renewable energy power is already well underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar and wind companies, concerned that PG&E will be paying them less or even nothing in the future, have launched a preemptive strike, asking federal regulators to step in to protect their deals with PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is one of the largest buyers of renewable energy in the country, driven by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the ambitious climate change goals\u003c/a> California has adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the state passed a law requiring utilities to get 20 percent of their electricity from sources like solar and wind. Last year\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> the state put utilities on the hook for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100 percent clean energy\u003c/a> by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made them our essential clean energy partners,” says Ralph Cavanagh, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “A federal bankruptcy judge has the ability to disrupt that in many ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In bankruptcy proceedings, the judge takes stock of all the debts a company has and then determines how its limited funds are paid out. One possibility is either reducing or rejecting some of the almost 300 renewable energy contracts on PG&E’s books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suddenly those are at risk,” says Cavanagh. “That’s causing consternation across the renewable energy sector, understandably.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of PG&E’s solar contracts date back more than a decade, when the technology was relatively expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contracts that PG&E signed were some of the richest and highest price contracts we’ve seen for clean energy to date in the U.S.,” says Ethan Zindler, an analyst with Bloomberg New Energy Finance. “The price of renewables has dropped really dramatically since when they signed these contracts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its bankruptcy filing, PG&E claims some of the credit for helping renewable energy come of age, saying its contracts “contributed to significant price reductions for renewable energy resources currently available in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PG&E is still paying out those contracts, which can last 15 to 20 years. The bankruptcy judge could potentially seek to change their terms or prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could undermine confidence in California as a clean energy market going forward,” says Zindler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, several renewable energy projects have seen their credit ratings downgraded because of their contracts with PG&E, including NextEra Energy’s Genesis Solar Energy Project, located in the Mojave Desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an earning’s call last week, NextEra sought to reassure investors its PG&E contracts wouldn’t impact its bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if all of that cash is trapped, we expect to be able to meet our financial expectations,” said NextEra CFO John Ketchum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company went on the offense, too. It asked federal regulators at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, we are not going to sit on our heels,” said Ketchum. “We’re going to pursue all avenues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FERC oversees power contracts across state lines, and on Friday it asserted it has a role to play, writing, “this Commission and the bankruptcy courts have concurrent jurisdiction to review and address the disposition of wholesale power contracts sought to be rejected through bankruptcy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E responded by asking the bankruptcy court to declare its exclusive jurisdiction, to prevent “irreparable harm” to PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s going to be the jurisdictional fight,” says Catharine Sandoval, law professor at Santa Clara University and a former state energy regulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other utility cases, “this has been a tussle that’s been playing out in bankruptcy courts all over the nation,” she says. Some bankruptcy courts have decided to leave power contracts alone, while others have amended them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval expects to see California also enter the jurisdictional battle in order to protect its renewable energy goals. Achieving them would be unlikely without the full participation of the state’s biggest utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They might argue: ‘Wait, judge, we have adopted in California a number of laws regarding environmental protection. And the bankruptcy law gives you no authority to displace that,’” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If PG&E’s last bankruptcy is any guide, a judge may decide to preserve the environmental programs. In 2001, PG&E’s energy efficiency spending was left untouched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not automatic,” cautions Cavanagh. “With a limited amount of money available to pay claims, nothing is certain, and that’s one of the reasons you want to stay out of bankruptcy proceedings. Everyone loses.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1937435/renewable-energy-companies-go-on-offense-in-pge-bankruptcy",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3370",
"science_3833",
"science_136",
"science_138",
"science_3830"
],
"featImg": "science_1937441",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1937151": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1937151",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1937151",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1548788255000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1548788255,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Approves Plan to Clean Up Central Valley's Toxic Air",
"headTitle": "California Approves Plan to Clean Up Central Valley’s Toxic Air | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/CARB/bulletins/22a833b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced \u003c/a>it’s moving forward with a plan to clean up the toxic air that plagues the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region, which stretches from roughly Stockton to Bakersfield through the middle of the state, suffers some of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/13/california-san-joaquin-valley-porterville-pollution-poverty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> most dangerous air quality\u003c/a> in the country. \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40894933_Outdoor_air_pollution_and_uncontrolled_asthma_in_the_San_Joaquin_Valley_California\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asthma\u003c/a> and asthma-related hospitalization rates in the San Joaquin Valley are among the highest in the state, particularly in children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major culprit is fine particulate pollution, known as PM2.5, made up of tiny particles like soot, dust or sulfates floating through the air. These particles are \u003cem>2.5 \u003c/em>or fewer micrometers in diameter and are typically produced by the burning of carbon-based fuel. Not only does the San Joaquin Valley have the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\">wors\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\">t \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particle pollution\u003c/a> in California, it’s also the among the worst nationally, failing to meet four federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']“The San Joaquin Valley has had a longstanding challenge in meeting the federal air quality standards for fine particulate,” says Michael Benjamin, chief of CARB’s Air Quality Planning and Science Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region is still struggling to meet PM2.5 standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1997 and since revised. Due to it’s history of noncompliance, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/a> is required to draft a plan to meet the requirements and submit it to CARB, the state’s clean air agency, which must approve it before passing it on to the EPA for federal approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the combination of agricultural emissions as well as those from the high volume of trucks moving through the region makes it a hot spot for these pollutants. In addition, the valley’s hot, dry summers followed by cool winters trap pollutants in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly half of the fine particulate pollution in the region is the product of burning fuels like gasoline and diesel. The other half is primarily from wood smoke and dust, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/sjvpm25/2018plan/2018pm25staffreport.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to CARB\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the American Lung Association, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/ALAC_SJV-fact-sheet_042216.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> health risks\u003c/a> associated with particle pollution include asthma attacks, heart attacks, stroke, cancer and harm to developmental and reproductive systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s new plan, which the district drafted with input from CARB and environmental advocacy groups, combines both regulations and financial incentives, with the goal of meeting federal clean air standards by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan lays outs tighter restrictions on heavy-duty truck emissions, wood-burning stoves, oil refineries and commercial charbroiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the plan will also rely heavily on the use of incentives to encourage owners of trucks and tractors to move to new, “cleaner equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re telling people, ‘Okay you need to replace your tractor maybe 10 years sooner than you would otherwise. But if you do that, we will provide 50 percent or more funding to offset the cost of that new piece of equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to turn over 12,000 tractors and 33,000 trucks in the process. But it’s still unclear where the funding will come from to pay for the incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s plan calls for the allocation of $5 billion spread across the next five years to get the San Joaquin Valley up to code by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concern of a lot of people is that it relies on the governor and the Legislature allocating funds for this every year,” Benjamin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Magavern, policy director for the Coalition for Clean Air, an advocacy group, says his organization is “skeptical” of the financial feasibility of the state’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re relying on levels of incentive money that have not been available in the past, and are unlikely to be available in the future,” Magavern says. “If that money doesn’t materialize, then there’s going to be a gap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, the Coalition for Clean Air advised CARB to reject a previous plan by the district to meet federal standards for particulate pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought what was presented in 2016 was really just a ‘business as usual’ plan,” Magavern says. “We thought that was unacceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new version goes a lot further, Magavern says the coalition pushed for even tighter standards in order “to have more certainty in bringing down the emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magavern says the San Joaquin Valley’s oil and gas industry should be more heavily regulated for their contributions to the region’s pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a long effort to try to get the pollution under control and there’s been some progress,” Magavern says, “But we’re definitely not where we need to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While CARB signed off on the district’s plan on Thursday, the EPA approval process could take at least several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But CARB’s Benjamin says the state won’t wait for the federal government to weigh in before starting to implement the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to hit our target,” he says, “We’re going to need to just move forward in real-world terms—taking these actions, passing these regulations, passing out money, finding money, turning over equipment and doing all of this regardless of the bureaucratic process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the region has made significant progress in recent years. Many of the regulatory measures put forth in the plan have already been adopted by CARB, and others could be put into effect as early as late 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of the emissions reductions that are going to be needed to achieve clean air has already been adopted by CARB’s board,” Benjamin says. “So what was acted on Thursday was the final 10 percent of emission reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1007,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 29
},
"modified": 1704848874,
"excerpt": "A new plan approved by California air quality officials to clean up the air pollution plaguing the San Joaquin Valley moves on to the EPA for approval.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new plan approved by California air quality officials to clean up the air pollution plaguing the San Joaquin Valley moves on to the EPA for approval.",
"title": "California Approves Plan to Clean Up Central Valley's Toxic Air | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Approves Plan to Clean Up Central Valley's Toxic Air",
"datePublished": "2019-01-29T10:57:35-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T17:07:54-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-approves-plan-to-clean-up-central-valleys-toxic-air",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1937151/california-approves-plan-to-clean-up-central-valleys-toxic-air",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/CARB/bulletins/22a833b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced \u003c/a>it’s moving forward with a plan to clean up the toxic air that plagues the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region, which stretches from roughly Stockton to Bakersfield through the middle of the state, suffers some of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/13/california-san-joaquin-valley-porterville-pollution-poverty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> most dangerous air quality\u003c/a> in the country. \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40894933_Outdoor_air_pollution_and_uncontrolled_asthma_in_the_San_Joaquin_Valley_California\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asthma\u003c/a> and asthma-related hospitalization rates in the San Joaquin Valley are among the highest in the state, particularly in children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major culprit is fine particulate pollution, known as PM2.5, made up of tiny particles like soot, dust or sulfates floating through the air. These particles are \u003cem>2.5 \u003c/em>or fewer micrometers in diameter and are typically produced by the burning of carbon-based fuel. Not only does the San Joaquin Valley have the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\">wors\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\">t \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particle pollution\u003c/a> in California, it’s also the among the worst nationally, failing to meet four federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "emailsignup",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"newslettername": "science",
"align": "right",
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The San Joaquin Valley has had a longstanding challenge in meeting the federal air quality standards for fine particulate,” says Michael Benjamin, chief of CARB’s Air Quality Planning and Science Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region is still struggling to meet PM2.5 standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1997 and since revised. Due to it’s history of noncompliance, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/a> is required to draft a plan to meet the requirements and submit it to CARB, the state’s clean air agency, which must approve it before passing it on to the EPA for federal approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the combination of agricultural emissions as well as those from the high volume of trucks moving through the region makes it a hot spot for these pollutants. In addition, the valley’s hot, dry summers followed by cool winters trap pollutants in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly half of the fine particulate pollution in the region is the product of burning fuels like gasoline and diesel. The other half is primarily from wood smoke and dust, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/sjvpm25/2018plan/2018pm25staffreport.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to CARB\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the American Lung Association, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/ALAC_SJV-fact-sheet_042216.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> health risks\u003c/a> associated with particle pollution include asthma attacks, heart attacks, stroke, cancer and harm to developmental and reproductive systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s new plan, which the district drafted with input from CARB and environmental advocacy groups, combines both regulations and financial incentives, with the goal of meeting federal clean air standards by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan lays outs tighter restrictions on heavy-duty truck emissions, wood-burning stoves, oil refineries and commercial charbroiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the plan will also rely heavily on the use of incentives to encourage owners of trucks and tractors to move to new, “cleaner equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re telling people, ‘Okay you need to replace your tractor maybe 10 years sooner than you would otherwise. But if you do that, we will provide 50 percent or more funding to offset the cost of that new piece of equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to turn over 12,000 tractors and 33,000 trucks in the process. But it’s still unclear where the funding will come from to pay for the incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s plan calls for the allocation of $5 billion spread across the next five years to get the San Joaquin Valley up to code by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concern of a lot of people is that it relies on the governor and the Legislature allocating funds for this every year,” Benjamin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Magavern, policy director for the Coalition for Clean Air, an advocacy group, says his organization is “skeptical” of the financial feasibility of the state’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re relying on levels of incentive money that have not been available in the past, and are unlikely to be available in the future,” Magavern says. “If that money doesn’t materialize, then there’s going to be a gap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, the Coalition for Clean Air advised CARB to reject a previous plan by the district to meet federal standards for particulate pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought what was presented in 2016 was really just a ‘business as usual’ plan,” Magavern says. “We thought that was unacceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new version goes a lot further, Magavern says the coalition pushed for even tighter standards in order “to have more certainty in bringing down the emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magavern says the San Joaquin Valley’s oil and gas industry should be more heavily regulated for their contributions to the region’s pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a long effort to try to get the pollution under control and there’s been some progress,” Magavern says, “But we’re definitely not where we need to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While CARB signed off on the district’s plan on Thursday, the EPA approval process could take at least several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But CARB’s Benjamin says the state won’t wait for the federal government to weigh in before starting to implement the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to hit our target,” he says, “We’re going to need to just move forward in real-world terms—taking these actions, passing these regulations, passing out money, finding money, turning over equipment and doing all of this regardless of the bureaucratic process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the region has made significant progress in recent years. Many of the regulatory measures put forth in the plan have already been adopted by CARB, and others could be put into effect as early as late 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of the emissions reductions that are going to be needed to achieve clean air has already been adopted by CARB’s board,” Benjamin says. “So what was acted on Thursday was the final 10 percent of emission reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1937151/california-approves-plan-to-clean-up-central-valleys-toxic-air",
"authors": [
"11368"
],
"categories": [
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_392",
"science_505",
"science_524",
"science_5178",
"science_686",
"science_2080",
"science_3370",
"science_1487"
],
"featImg": "science_1937352",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1935381": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1935381",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1935381",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1544125715000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1544125715,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Will Require Solar Panels on New Homes Starting in 2020",
"headTitle": "California Will Require Solar Panels on New Homes Starting in 2020 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Solar panels will be a required feature on new houses in California, after the state’s Building Standards Commission gave final approval to a housing rule that’s the first of its kind in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Set to take effect in 2020, the new standard includes an exemption for houses that are often shaded from the sun. It also includes incentives for people to add a high-capacity battery to their home’s electrical system, to store the sun’s energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These provisions really are historic and will be a beacon of light for the rest of the country,” said commissioner Kent Sasaki, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/12/06/california-officially-adopts-solar-requirement-for-new-homes-built-in-2020-or-later/\">The Mercury News\u003c/a>. “[It’s] the beginning of substantial improvement in how we produce energy and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule marks a new phase in California’s environmental policies, which have often set trends and established standards nationwide. The state has set the goal of drawing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/10/646373423/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-renewable-electric-power-by-2045\">100 percent of its electricity\u003c/a> from renewable energy sources and sharply reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar panels rule was initially endorsed as part of the state’s Green Building Standards Code by the California Energy Commission back in May. In a public hearing on Wednesday, the Building Standards Commission heard opinions on the change before approving it — the final step in adding the requirement to the state’s building code. The vote was unanimous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Single-family homes and multi-family buildings that are up to three stories high must conform to the new solar power standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“New homes that are built under these standards are expected to use 53 percent less energy than our last standards” from 2016, said Drew Bohan, executive director of the energy commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state predicts that mandatory solar panel installations and other new improvements will add nearly $10,000 in the upfront cost of a home — a cost that officials say will balance out over time, due to lower electricity bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A homeowner will save $19,000 over the course of a 30-year mortgage, Bohan said at Wednesday’s meeting of the building commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2020, California homebuyers will have the option of either paying for solar panels outright, leasing them, or entering a power purchase agreement with developers. Another option is for communities to “pool resources instead of installing solar on individual homes,” Bohan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With extreme weather events becoming more frequent, there is even greater need for homes that are efficient, reliable and resilient,” Bohan said, adding that the standards will result in buildings that “will continue to keep costs down, better withstand the impacts of climate change, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speakers at Wednesday’s session mentioned the recent devastating wildfire in Butte County several times — as the type of case where solar panels and batteries could help people who face extended power outages from natural disasters, as well as an example of when state building and energy officials would need to help speed up wholesale rebuilding efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new rule has given solar panels a boost after the state’s installers \u003ca href=\"https://www.woodmac.com/research/products/power-and-renewables/us-solar-market-insight/\">saw a slump in 2017\u003c/a>, it is also been criticized for adding to home prices in a market that is already expensive. But to an extent, Wednesday’s meeting was largely a formality, focusing on whether the energy panel’s process for creating the rule was correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite worries that the solar power mandate could have an immediate impact not only on home buyers but on real estate developers and agents, the new rule has been largely supported by industry groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the energy commission’s May hearing where public comments and trade groups were also heard from, “the majority of those present, which included environmental groups, solar companies, and utilities, voiced their strong support for the new standards,” as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923652/in-a-first-california-set-to-require-solar-panels-on-all-new-homes\">member station KQED reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California hopes to achieve its carbon-neutral energy status within 30 years; in September, the California Energy Commission said the state is currently at 32 percent of achieving that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 40 years, Bohan said, the state’s energy policies have saved residents billions of dollars and helped California rein in per capita energy consumption more effectively than the rest of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 738,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704927262,
"excerpt": "Single and small multi-family homes must include solar panels starting in 2020. Recent extreme weather events such as wildfires and drought make the need clear, a state official says.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Single and small multi-family homes must include solar panels starting in 2020. Recent extreme weather events such as wildfires and drought make the need clear, a state official says.",
"title": "California Will Require Solar Panels on New Homes Starting in 2020 | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Will Require Solar Panels on New Homes Starting in 2020",
"datePublished": "2018-12-06T11:48:35-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:54:22-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-will-now-require-solar-panels-on-new-homes-starting-in-2020",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=674075032&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Bill Chappell\u003cbr />NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 06 Dec 2018 09:58:35 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 06 Dec 2018 12:48:36 -0500",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674075032/california-gives-final-ok-to-requiring-solar-panels-on-new-houses?ft=nprml&f=674075032",
"nprImageAgency": "AP",
"nprImageCredit": "Rich Pedroncelli",
"source": "Energy",
"nprStoryId": "674075032",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 06 Dec 2018 12:48:00 -0500",
"path": "/science/1935381/california-will-now-require-solar-panels-on-new-homes-starting-in-2020",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Solar panels will be a required feature on new houses in California, after the state’s Building Standards Commission gave final approval to a housing rule that’s the first of its kind in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Set to take effect in 2020, the new standard includes an exemption for houses that are often shaded from the sun. It also includes incentives for people to add a high-capacity battery to their home’s electrical system, to store the sun’s energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These provisions really are historic and will be a beacon of light for the rest of the country,” said commissioner Kent Sasaki, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/12/06/california-officially-adopts-solar-requirement-for-new-homes-built-in-2020-or-later/\">The Mercury News\u003c/a>. “[It’s] the beginning of substantial improvement in how we produce energy and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule marks a new phase in California’s environmental policies, which have often set trends and established standards nationwide. The state has set the goal of drawing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/10/646373423/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-renewable-electric-power-by-2045\">100 percent of its electricity\u003c/a> from renewable energy sources and sharply reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar panels rule was initially endorsed as part of the state’s Green Building Standards Code by the California Energy Commission back in May. In a public hearing on Wednesday, the Building Standards Commission heard opinions on the change before approving it — the final step in adding the requirement to the state’s building code. The vote was unanimous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Single-family homes and multi-family buildings that are up to three stories high must conform to the new solar power standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“New homes that are built under these standards are expected to use 53 percent less energy than our last standards” from 2016, said Drew Bohan, executive director of the energy commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state predicts that mandatory solar panel installations and other new improvements will add nearly $10,000 in the upfront cost of a home — a cost that officials say will balance out over time, due to lower electricity bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A homeowner will save $19,000 over the course of a 30-year mortgage, Bohan said at Wednesday’s meeting of the building commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2020, California homebuyers will have the option of either paying for solar panels outright, leasing them, or entering a power purchase agreement with developers. Another option is for communities to “pool resources instead of installing solar on individual homes,” Bohan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With extreme weather events becoming more frequent, there is even greater need for homes that are efficient, reliable and resilient,” Bohan said, adding that the standards will result in buildings that “will continue to keep costs down, better withstand the impacts of climate change, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speakers at Wednesday’s session mentioned the recent devastating wildfire in Butte County several times — as the type of case where solar panels and batteries could help people who face extended power outages from natural disasters, as well as an example of when state building and energy officials would need to help speed up wholesale rebuilding efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new rule has given solar panels a boost after the state’s installers \u003ca href=\"https://www.woodmac.com/research/products/power-and-renewables/us-solar-market-insight/\">saw a slump in 2017\u003c/a>, it is also been criticized for adding to home prices in a market that is already expensive. But to an extent, Wednesday’s meeting was largely a formality, focusing on whether the energy panel’s process for creating the rule was correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite worries that the solar power mandate could have an immediate impact not only on home buyers but on real estate developers and agents, the new rule has been largely supported by industry groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the energy commission’s May hearing where public comments and trade groups were also heard from, “the majority of those present, which included environmental groups, solar companies, and utilities, voiced their strong support for the new standards,” as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923652/in-a-first-california-set-to-require-solar-panels-on-all-new-homes\">member station KQED reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California hopes to achieve its carbon-neutral energy status within 30 years; in September, the California Energy Commission said the state is currently at 32 percent of achieving that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 40 years, Bohan said, the state’s energy policies have saved residents billions of dollars and helped California rein in per capita energy consumption more effectively than the rest of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1935381/california-will-now-require-solar-panels-on-new-homes-starting-in-2020",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1935381"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_134",
"science_192",
"science_309",
"science_138"
],
"featImg": "science_1923689",
"label": "source_science_1935381"
},
"science_1933923": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1933923",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1933923",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1541573670000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1541573670,
"format": "audio",
"title": "Measure G: San Luis Obispo Voters Reject a Ban on Fracking and New Oil Drilling",
"headTitle": "Measure G: San Luis Obispo Voters Reject a Ban on Fracking and New Oil Drilling | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Voters in San Luis Obispo County have rejected \u003ca href=\"https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/getattachment/3124e335-4c96-45e8-9236-61146df84e4d/Measure-G-18-Full-Text-2018-11-06.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure G\u003c/a>, which would have limited oil production to existing wells and banned fracking on county land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all precincts counted, the unofficial tally is 56 percent against and 44 percent for the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will likely be a few weeks before final results are tallied with all mail-in ballots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Varni, co-founder of the Coalition to Protect San Luis Obispo County, says the Measure G \u003ca href=\"http://protectslo.nationbuilder.com/\">initiative\u003c/a> was spearheaded in response to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article68494287.html\">planned expansion\u003c/a> of oil extraction in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article208488869.html\"> Arroyo Grande Oil Field\u003c/a> near Pismo Beach. The plan would add 481 wells to the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the issue, says Varni, is the future of the region’s clean water supply for drinking and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fearful that with that much increase, large groundwater basins could be contaminated,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Varni’s group, which launched the \u003ca href=\"http://protectslo.nationbuilder.com/\">Yes on G\u003c/a> campaign, the expansion would significantly increase the amount of toxic oil field waste deposited into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varni adds that the amount of groundwater required for oil production — which Varni estimated at nearly 20 gallons per 1 gallon of oil — taxes the county’s already overdrafted basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for the \u003ca href=\"https://nomeasureg.com/\">No on Measure G\u003c/a> campaign did not respond to interview requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fracking for natural gas is not currently practiced in San Luis Obispo County, Measure G would also banned the use of hydraulic fracturing technology as a means to extract oil, not a current practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Measure G would prevent the expansion of fossil fuel production in San Luis Obispo County, it would also allow all existing oil extraction operations to continue indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure has faced strong opposition from oil and gas interests. According to \u003ca href=\"https://public.netfile.com/pub2/AllFilingsByMeasure.aspx?id=173346762&measure=No+on+Measure+G%3a++Stop+the+Oil+and+Gas+Shutdown%2c+a+Coalition+of+Concerned+San+Luis+Obispo+Taxpayers%2c+and+Energy+Companies+that+(ID%23+1365619)\">campaign finance records\u003c/a>, opponents have raised nearly $8 million to fight it. Major oil companies Chevron and Aera Energy\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> which is co-owned by Shell and ExxonMobil, have made major contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varni says his group has raised about $230,000 in support of the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/Departments/Clerk-Recorder/Forms-Documents/Elections-and-Voting/Current-Elections/2018-11-06-Consolidated-General/Documents/Measure-G-18-Rebuttal-to-Argument-in-Favor-2018.aspx\">rebuttal filed with the County of San Luis Obispo\u003c/a>, the campaign stated, “Measure G would create more economic uncertainty, hurt our community, and increase our dependence on foreign oil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement accused proponents of the measure of using “scare tactics” and went on to say that “Measure G is so broadly written that practices used safely for over a century — and which are needed for existing production to continue — would be banned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Luis Obispo County’s 5th District Supervisor Debbie Arnold opposes the measure. Arnold says she hasn’t heard anyone propose bringing hydraulic fracturing or expanding oil operations into the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Arnold says, as existing wells get played out, oil producers may need to drill new wells within existing fields to maintain similar levels of production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Measures like G are just too restrictive for the oil companies to be able to carry on the production they’ve historically been able to have here,” she says. “It would be too hard for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement on the No on Measure G website reads:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Measure G, the oil and gas shutdown initiative, passes, over 230 mainly blue-collar workers and their families who are reliant on the oil and gas industry will be threatened with losing their jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=2ahUKEwjI-LiQiLfeAhVMGDQIHbiKA7kQFjADegQIABAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slocounty.ca.gov%2Fgetattachment%2F9ec439af-486e-48cd-a6a5-b36f156a35e7%2FMeasure-G-18-Fiscal-Impact-Statement-2018-11-06.aspx&usg=AOvVaw0an_bpJN8xUedK8nW8A5Il\">fiscal impact report\u003c/a> on the measure issued by the San Luis Obispo County auditor called the economic impact of the measure “difficult to predict.” The report says there are less than 80 jobs in the county’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past five years, six California counties — Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz, Mendocino, Alameda and Butte — have banned fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Scow, the California Director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/state/california\">Food and Water Watch\u003c/a>, says Measure G is part of the greater movement to move California from fossil fuels to clean energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scow says where Gov. Jerry Brown and state lawmakers have failed to curtail oil and gas activities in California, local communities are stepping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of California realize that our water, our climate, our health, are too important to be contaminated, to allow the oil industry to pollute,” Scow says. “So they are bringing forward these measures to protect their economies and their counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That local voter initiatives have passed throughout the state gives Scow hope in the face of heavily funded opposition from the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows that when people get organized and when they talk to their neighbors, when they call their neighbors, you can beat big oil,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Trends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even if Measure G was to pass, it remains uncertain if the ban will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County banned fracking in 2016 when voters passed \u003ca href=\"http://protectmontereycounty.org/measure-z/\">Measure Z\u003c/a> by a narrow margin. The initiative was then challenged in court, which ruled that state and federal law pre-empted local regulation. That ruling is currently under appeal while the ban remains on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deborah Sivas, a professor of environmental law at Stanford University who advised environmental groups for the case, says the outcome could have a major influence on the fate of oil drilling and fracking in San Luis Obispo County and the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that while California is thought to be progressive when it comes to the environment, it uses a “pretty old” set of oil and gas codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state generally is not very involved at the local level,” Sivas says. “Oil and gas drilling has gone on without really much direct state involvement. Fossil fuel development is going like gangbusters in California right now, and the state has chosen not to really clamp down on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Monterey County, Sivas called the trial court’s finding that the lack of state regulation ruled out local control “very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically, going back 100 years, local jurisdictions have used their land-use authority to decide whether or not drilling and oil activity should go on, because it has obvious health and safety consequences for local communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the background of the debate over oil drilling and hydraulic fracturing in California is the federal government’s effort to loosen regulations on the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivas says she’s interested to see how this plays out in California, considering the state’s mandate to achieve 100 percent clean energy by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the the little bit of schizophrenia that you feel in California,” she says. “And I think that’s why local governments are trying to pick up the ball here and say, ‘Well, we’re not going to shut down the fields, but we really want to ramp them down over time.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1170,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 40
},
"modified": 1704927322,
"excerpt": "Early voters reject a proposed measure to phase out fossil fuel extraction in San Luis Obispo County. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Early voters reject a proposed measure to phase out fossil fuel extraction in San Luis Obispo County. ",
"title": "Measure G: San Luis Obispo Voters Reject a Ban on Fracking and New Oil Drilling | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Measure G: San Luis Obispo Voters Reject a Ban on Fracking and New Oil Drilling",
"datePublished": "2018-11-06T22:54:30-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:55:22-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "measure-g-san-luis-obispo-green-groups-push-for-ban-on-new-drilling",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/11/TCRAM20181105ArcuniMartSLOMeasureG.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 214,
"source": "Election 2018",
"path": "/science/1933923/measure-g-san-luis-obispo-green-groups-push-for-ban-on-new-drilling",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Voters in San Luis Obispo County have rejected \u003ca href=\"https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/getattachment/3124e335-4c96-45e8-9236-61146df84e4d/Measure-G-18-Full-Text-2018-11-06.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure G\u003c/a>, which would have limited oil production to existing wells and banned fracking on county land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all precincts counted, the unofficial tally is 56 percent against and 44 percent for the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will likely be a few weeks before final results are tallied with all mail-in ballots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Varni, co-founder of the Coalition to Protect San Luis Obispo County, says the Measure G \u003ca href=\"http://protectslo.nationbuilder.com/\">initiative\u003c/a> was spearheaded in response to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article68494287.html\">planned expansion\u003c/a> of oil extraction in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article208488869.html\"> Arroyo Grande Oil Field\u003c/a> near Pismo Beach. The plan would add 481 wells to the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the issue, says Varni, is the future of the region’s clean water supply for drinking and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fearful that with that much increase, large groundwater basins could be contaminated,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Varni’s group, which launched the \u003ca href=\"http://protectslo.nationbuilder.com/\">Yes on G\u003c/a> campaign, the expansion would significantly increase the amount of toxic oil field waste deposited into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varni adds that the amount of groundwater required for oil production — which Varni estimated at nearly 20 gallons per 1 gallon of oil — taxes the county’s already overdrafted basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for the \u003ca href=\"https://nomeasureg.com/\">No on Measure G\u003c/a> campaign did not respond to interview requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fracking for natural gas is not currently practiced in San Luis Obispo County, Measure G would also banned the use of hydraulic fracturing technology as a means to extract oil, not a current practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Measure G would prevent the expansion of fossil fuel production in San Luis Obispo County, it would also allow all existing oil extraction operations to continue indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure has faced strong opposition from oil and gas interests. According to \u003ca href=\"https://public.netfile.com/pub2/AllFilingsByMeasure.aspx?id=173346762&measure=No+on+Measure+G%3a++Stop+the+Oil+and+Gas+Shutdown%2c+a+Coalition+of+Concerned+San+Luis+Obispo+Taxpayers%2c+and+Energy+Companies+that+(ID%23+1365619)\">campaign finance records\u003c/a>, opponents have raised nearly $8 million to fight it. Major oil companies Chevron and Aera Energy\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> which is co-owned by Shell and ExxonMobil, have made major contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varni says his group has raised about $230,000 in support of the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/Departments/Clerk-Recorder/Forms-Documents/Elections-and-Voting/Current-Elections/2018-11-06-Consolidated-General/Documents/Measure-G-18-Rebuttal-to-Argument-in-Favor-2018.aspx\">rebuttal filed with the County of San Luis Obispo\u003c/a>, the campaign stated, “Measure G would create more economic uncertainty, hurt our community, and increase our dependence on foreign oil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement accused proponents of the measure of using “scare tactics” and went on to say that “Measure G is so broadly written that practices used safely for over a century — and which are needed for existing production to continue — would be banned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Luis Obispo County’s 5th District Supervisor Debbie Arnold opposes the measure. Arnold says she hasn’t heard anyone propose bringing hydraulic fracturing or expanding oil operations into the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Arnold says, as existing wells get played out, oil producers may need to drill new wells within existing fields to maintain similar levels of production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Measures like G are just too restrictive for the oil companies to be able to carry on the production they’ve historically been able to have here,” she says. “It would be too hard for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement on the No on Measure G website reads:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Measure G, the oil and gas shutdown initiative, passes, over 230 mainly blue-collar workers and their families who are reliant on the oil and gas industry will be threatened with losing their jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=2ahUKEwjI-LiQiLfeAhVMGDQIHbiKA7kQFjADegQIABAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slocounty.ca.gov%2Fgetattachment%2F9ec439af-486e-48cd-a6a5-b36f156a35e7%2FMeasure-G-18-Fiscal-Impact-Statement-2018-11-06.aspx&usg=AOvVaw0an_bpJN8xUedK8nW8A5Il\">fiscal impact report\u003c/a> on the measure issued by the San Luis Obispo County auditor called the economic impact of the measure “difficult to predict.” The report says there are less than 80 jobs in the county’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past five years, six California counties — Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz, Mendocino, Alameda and Butte — have banned fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Scow, the California Director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/state/california\">Food and Water Watch\u003c/a>, says Measure G is part of the greater movement to move California from fossil fuels to clean energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scow says where Gov. Jerry Brown and state lawmakers have failed to curtail oil and gas activities in California, local communities are stepping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of California realize that our water, our climate, our health, are too important to be contaminated, to allow the oil industry to pollute,” Scow says. “So they are bringing forward these measures to protect their economies and their counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That local voter initiatives have passed throughout the state gives Scow hope in the face of heavily funded opposition from the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows that when people get organized and when they talk to their neighbors, when they call their neighbors, you can beat big oil,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Trends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even if Measure G was to pass, it remains uncertain if the ban will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County banned fracking in 2016 when voters passed \u003ca href=\"http://protectmontereycounty.org/measure-z/\">Measure Z\u003c/a> by a narrow margin. The initiative was then challenged in court, which ruled that state and federal law pre-empted local regulation. That ruling is currently under appeal while the ban remains on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deborah Sivas, a professor of environmental law at Stanford University who advised environmental groups for the case, says the outcome could have a major influence on the fate of oil drilling and fracking in San Luis Obispo County and the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that while California is thought to be progressive when it comes to the environment, it uses a “pretty old” set of oil and gas codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state generally is not very involved at the local level,” Sivas says. “Oil and gas drilling has gone on without really much direct state involvement. Fossil fuel development is going like gangbusters in California right now, and the state has chosen not to really clamp down on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Monterey County, Sivas called the trial court’s finding that the lack of state regulation ruled out local control “very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically, going back 100 years, local jurisdictions have used their land-use authority to decide whether or not drilling and oil activity should go on, because it has obvious health and safety consequences for local communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the background of the debate over oil drilling and hydraulic fracturing in California is the federal government’s effort to loosen regulations on the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivas says she’s interested to see how this plays out in California, considering the state’s mandate to achieve 100 percent clean energy by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the the little bit of schizophrenia that you feel in California,” she says. “And I think that’s why local governments are trying to pick up the ball here and say, ‘Well, we’re not going to shut down the fields, but we really want to ramp them down over time.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1933923/measure-g-san-luis-obispo-green-groups-push-for-ban-on-new-drilling",
"authors": [
"11368"
],
"categories": [
"science_33",
"science_35"
],
"tags": [
"science_2006",
"science_429"
],
"featImg": "science_13657",
"label": "source_science_1933923"
},
"science_1933667": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1933667",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1933667",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1540590700000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1540590700,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Should Self-Driving Cars Have Ethics?",
"headTitle": "Should Self-Driving Cars Have Ethics? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In the not-too-distant future, fully autonomous vehicles will drive our streets. These cars will need to make split-second decisions to avoid endangering human lives — both inside and outside of the vehicles.[contextly_sidebar id=”A72R30LrDpzQR8fTZBZlpUjzNz65l8Ib”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine attitudes toward these decisions a group of researchers created a variation on the classic philosophical exercise known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/books/review/would-you-kill-the-fat-man-and-the-trolley-problem.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Trolley problem\u003c/a>.” They posed a series of moral dilemmas involving a self-driving car with brakes that suddenly give out: Should the car swerve to avoid a group of pedestrians, killing the driver? Or should it kill the people on foot, but spare the driver? Does it matter if the pedestrians are men or women? Children or older people? Doctors or bank robbers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To pose these questions to a large range of people, the researchers built a website called \u003ca href=\"http://moralmachine.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moral Machine\u003c/a>, where anyone could click through the scenarios and say what the car should do. “Help us learn how to make machines moral,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=44&v=XCO8ET66xE4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a video\u003c/a> implores on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grim game went viral, multiple times over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really beyond our wildest expectations,” says Iyad Rahwan, an associate professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the MIT Media Lab, who was one of the researchers. “At some point we were getting 300 decisions per second.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers found was a series of near-universal preferences, regardless of where someone was taking the quiz. On aggregate, people everywhere believed the moral thing for the car to do was to spare the young over the old, spare humans over animals, and spare the lives of many over the few. Their findings, led by by MIT’s Edmond Awad, were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0637-6.epdf?referrer_access_token=uU4x-rhlVAN5T3IHKOMA49RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OR8PKa5Kws8ZzsJ9c7-2Qp8nbIwouAM66OQiCFCUYXQcLjiRp8hq1Mu0OOkJm9KQNIIgiR_QnHTgfkYXdiYutiyp5ICo21HAmgq0VHt9U28RB0yiBu-JbVZDOiCsUlIOEq0rzBQzY3TMkqbs2JWr1fd2DaznfOPEMcs85CSUlgLHsk8py2Ok2vXJZM6-1e2Wo%3D&tracking_referrer=seamus.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Nature.[contextly_sidebar id=”5UDJZzcQefNHiXDmvuIEJ4VrY3JR2DLV”]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using geolocation, researchers found that the 130 countries with more than 100 respondents could be grouped into three clusters that showed similar moral preferences. Here, they found some variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the preference for sparing younger people over older ones was much stronger in the Southern cluster (which includes Latin America, as well as France, Hungary, and the Czech Republic) than it was in the Eastern cluster (which includes many Asian and Middle Eastern nations). And the preference for sparing humans over pets was weaker in the Southern cluster than in the Eastern or Western clusters (the latter includes, for instance, the U.S., Canada, Kenya, and much of Europe).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they found that those variations seemed to correlate with other observed cultural differences. Respondents from collectivistic cultures, which “emphasize the respect that is due to older members of the community,” showed a weaker preference for sparing younger people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rawhan emphasized that the study’s results should be used with extreme caution, and they shouldn’t be considered the final word on societal preferences — especially since respondents were not a representative sample. (Though the researchers did conduct statistical correction for demographic distortions, reweighing the responses to match a country’s demographics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does this add up to? The paper’s authors argue that if we’re going to let these vehicles on our streets, their operating systems should take moral preferences into account. “Before we allow our cars to make ethical decisions, we need to have a global conversation to express our preferences to the companies that will design moral algorithms, and to the policymakers that will regulate them,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let’s just say, for a moment, that a society \u003cem>does\u003c/em> have general moral preferences on these scenarios. Should automakers or regulators actually take those into account?[contextly_sidebar id=”F0nDLEzm6wiL5JufuTONw4pUFNCemFGB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Germany’s Ethics Commission on Automated Driving \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/PressRelease/2017/084-ethic-commission-report-automated-driving.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">created initial guidelines\u003c/a> for automated vehicles. One of their key dictates? A prohibition against such decision-making by a car’s operating system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the event of unavoidable accident situations, any distinction between individuals based on personal features (age, gender, physical or mental constitution) is strictly prohibited,” the report says. “General programming to reduce the number of personal injuries may be justifiable. Those parties involved in the generation of mobility risks must not sacrifice non-involved parties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to Daniel Sperling, founding director of the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California – Davis and author of \u003ca href=\"https://islandpress.org/books/three-revolutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a book on autonomous and shared vehicles\u003c/a>, these moral dilemmas are far from the most pressing questions about these cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important problem is just making them safe,” he tells NPR. “They’re going to be much safer than human drivers: They don’t drink, they don’t smoke, they don’t sleep, they aren’t distracted.” So then the question is: How safe do they need to be before we let them on our roads?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Should+Self-Driving+Cars+Have+Ethics%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 825,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1704927353,
"excerpt": "To design a \"moral machine,\" researchers updated a classic thought experiment for the autonomous vehicle age. But do we really want artificial intelligence making decisions on who lives or dies?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "To design a "moral machine," researchers updated a classic thought experiment for the autonomous vehicle age. But do we really want artificial intelligence making decisions on who lives or dies?",
"title": "Should Self-Driving Cars Have Ethics? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Should Self-Driving Cars Have Ethics?",
"datePublished": "2018-10-26T14:51:40-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:55:53-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "should-self-driving-cars-have-ethics",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=660775910&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Laurel Wamsley, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Fri, 26 Oct 2018 16:36:05 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Fri, 26 Oct 2018 16:36:05 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/10/26/660775910/should-self-driving-cars-have-ethics?ft=nprml&f=660775910",
"nprImageAgency": "Bloomberg via Getty Images",
"nprImageCredit": "Andreas Arnold",
"source": "Technology",
"nprStoryId": "660775910",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 26 Oct 2018 16:36:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1933667/should-self-driving-cars-have-ethics",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the not-too-distant future, fully autonomous vehicles will drive our streets. These cars will need to make split-second decisions to avoid endangering human lives — both inside and outside of the vehicles.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine attitudes toward these decisions a group of researchers created a variation on the classic philosophical exercise known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/books/review/would-you-kill-the-fat-man-and-the-trolley-problem.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Trolley problem\u003c/a>.” They posed a series of moral dilemmas involving a self-driving car with brakes that suddenly give out: Should the car swerve to avoid a group of pedestrians, killing the driver? Or should it kill the people on foot, but spare the driver? Does it matter if the pedestrians are men or women? Children or older people? Doctors or bank robbers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To pose these questions to a large range of people, the researchers built a website called \u003ca href=\"http://moralmachine.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moral Machine\u003c/a>, where anyone could click through the scenarios and say what the car should do. “Help us learn how to make machines moral,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=44&v=XCO8ET66xE4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a video\u003c/a> implores on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grim game went viral, multiple times over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really beyond our wildest expectations,” says Iyad Rahwan, an associate professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the MIT Media Lab, who was one of the researchers. “At some point we were getting 300 decisions per second.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers found was a series of near-universal preferences, regardless of where someone was taking the quiz. On aggregate, people everywhere believed the moral thing for the car to do was to spare the young over the old, spare humans over animals, and spare the lives of many over the few. Their findings, led by by MIT’s Edmond Awad, were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0637-6.epdf?referrer_access_token=uU4x-rhlVAN5T3IHKOMA49RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OR8PKa5Kws8ZzsJ9c7-2Qp8nbIwouAM66OQiCFCUYXQcLjiRp8hq1Mu0OOkJm9KQNIIgiR_QnHTgfkYXdiYutiyp5ICo21HAmgq0VHt9U28RB0yiBu-JbVZDOiCsUlIOEq0rzBQzY3TMkqbs2JWr1fd2DaznfOPEMcs85CSUlgLHsk8py2Ok2vXJZM6-1e2Wo%3D&tracking_referrer=seamus.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Nature.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using geolocation, researchers found that the 130 countries with more than 100 respondents could be grouped into three clusters that showed similar moral preferences. Here, they found some variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the preference for sparing younger people over older ones was much stronger in the Southern cluster (which includes Latin America, as well as France, Hungary, and the Czech Republic) than it was in the Eastern cluster (which includes many Asian and Middle Eastern nations). And the preference for sparing humans over pets was weaker in the Southern cluster than in the Eastern or Western clusters (the latter includes, for instance, the U.S., Canada, Kenya, and much of Europe).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they found that those variations seemed to correlate with other observed cultural differences. Respondents from collectivistic cultures, which “emphasize the respect that is due to older members of the community,” showed a weaker preference for sparing younger people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rawhan emphasized that the study’s results should be used with extreme caution, and they shouldn’t be considered the final word on societal preferences — especially since respondents were not a representative sample. (Though the researchers did conduct statistical correction for demographic distortions, reweighing the responses to match a country’s demographics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does this add up to? The paper’s authors argue that if we’re going to let these vehicles on our streets, their operating systems should take moral preferences into account. “Before we allow our cars to make ethical decisions, we need to have a global conversation to express our preferences to the companies that will design moral algorithms, and to the policymakers that will regulate them,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let’s just say, for a moment, that a society \u003cem>does\u003c/em> have general moral preferences on these scenarios. Should automakers or regulators actually take those into account?\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Germany’s Ethics Commission on Automated Driving \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/PressRelease/2017/084-ethic-commission-report-automated-driving.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">created initial guidelines\u003c/a> for automated vehicles. One of their key dictates? A prohibition against such decision-making by a car’s operating system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the event of unavoidable accident situations, any distinction between individuals based on personal features (age, gender, physical or mental constitution) is strictly prohibited,” the report says. “General programming to reduce the number of personal injuries may be justifiable. Those parties involved in the generation of mobility risks must not sacrifice non-involved parties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to Daniel Sperling, founding director of the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California – Davis and author of \u003ca href=\"https://islandpress.org/books/three-revolutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a book on autonomous and shared vehicles\u003c/a>, these moral dilemmas are far from the most pressing questions about these cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important problem is just making them safe,” he tells NPR. “They’re going to be much safer than human drivers: They don’t drink, they don’t smoke, they don’t sleep, they aren’t distracted.” So then the question is: How safe do they need to be before we let them on our roads?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Should+Self-Driving+Cars+Have+Ethics%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1933667/should-self-driving-cars-have-ethics",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1933667"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2592",
"science_2889",
"science_461"
],
"featImg": "science_1933668",
"label": "source_science_1933667"
},
"science_1933282": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1933282",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1933282",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1540213301000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "spring-forward-fall-back-or-neither-why-changing-our-clocks-might-fade-into-history",
"title": "Spring Forward, Fall Back, or Neither: Why Changing Our Clocks Might Fade Into History",
"publishDate": 1540213301,
"format": "audio",
"headTitle": "Spring Forward, Fall Back, or Neither: Why Changing Our Clocks Might Fade Into History | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we “spring forward” and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case you’re wondering, the clock switch no longer means significant energy savings and has no real benefit for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the measure does have its detractors. Some state \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-skelton-daylight-saving-time-20180705-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">politicians\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/18/editorial-for-kids-safety-vote-no-on-year-around-daylight-saving-time/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial writers\u003c/a> point to the last time the U.S. had year-round DST: in 1974 during the OPEC oil embargo – and people hated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public opinion polls showed that everybody liked Daylight Saving Time from March to October,” notes David Prerau, author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.seizethedaylight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time,\u003c/a> “but nobody liked it in the middle of winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Nixon had ordered the measure for two years. But it meant the winter mornings were dark and cold – especially in the northern latitudes. There were some reports of increased accidents in the morning, as kids traveled to school in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting on the Ballot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedestrian safety is always a high concern, says Assemblyman Kansen Chu, but Prop 7 is a totally separate issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chu is a Democrat representing the South and East Bay and sponsor of the measure. Chu became interested in the issue after his dentist showed him medical studies linking a lost hour of sleep in the spring, to increased \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/study-ties-daylight-saving-time-change-to-rise-in-heart-attacks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart attacks\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stroke \u003c/a>and traffic accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2015/retrieve.php?pdfid=544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study from the University of Colorado at Boulder\u003c/a> found a 17 percent increase in traffic accidents on the Monday following the springtime switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out why this might be, I visited the Kriegsfeld Lab at UC Berkeley, where scientists study circadian rhythms. Post-doctoral researcher Benjamin Smarr tells me that every part of our body runs on a daily cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much anything you can name,” he says. “So because we have circadian clocks in every cell in our body, every organ in our body is made up of cells trying to keep time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we throw our timing out of whack, from missing sleep, doing shift work or being jet lagged, it misaligns systems like our attention and perception, digestion, emotions, blood pressure and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing falling apart looks scary,” notes Smarr, “when you realize that all these other things around it have also fallen apart and that they’re also sort of fighting with each other for saying, ‘It’s time to sleep,’ ‘No, it’s time to digest,’ ‘No, it’s time to be active’. It makes sense that jet lag feels bad, makes us [feel] sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice of switching back and forth between Standard and Daylight Time has been under fire for a while, each spring the internet bubbles over with segments and articles such as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– Last Week Tonight with John Oliver: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=br0NW9ufUUw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daylight Saving Time – How Is This Still A Thing?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n– Bustle.com: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bustle.com/articles/118438-7-legitimately-scary-facts-about-daylight-saving-time-which-just-so-happens-to-fall-on-halloween\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 Legitimately Scary Facts About Daylight Saving Time, Which Just So Happens To Fall On Halloween This Year\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n– The Boston Globe: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/03/10/proof-daylight-saving-time-dumb-dangerous-and-costly/kOqQs7T33rYHMEnCraQSJO/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proof Daylight Saving Time Is Dumb, Dangerous, and Costly\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did we get here in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The History of Daylight Saving Time, Abridged\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea dates back centuries, at least to 1784 when Benjamin Franklin was the American ambassador to France. He was in the habit of staying up late to write by candlelight and then sleeping until noon. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin.html\">satirical essay written\u003c/a> for the “Journal de Paris” he describes waking one morning, due to a loud noise, at 6 a.m. and being shocked to see the sun was already up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Your readers, who with me have never seen any sign of sunshine before noon, […], will be as much astonished as I was, when they hear of his rising so early; and especially when I assure them, that he gives light as soon as he rises. […] This event has given rise in my mind to several serious and important reflections. I considered that, if I had not been awakened so early in the morning, I should have slept six hours longer by the light of the sun, and in exchange have lived six hours the following night by candle-light; and, the latter being a much more expensive light than the former, my love of economy induced me to muster up what little arithmetic I was master of, and to make some calculations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1933421\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1933421 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-800x1008.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-800x1008.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-160x202.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-768x967.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-240x302.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-375x472.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-520x655.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benjamin Franklin is credited with being the first to propose (in jest) that humans shift their schedules to match sunlight hours. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Franklin even estimated Parisians could save 64 million pounds of candle wax a year by getting up with the sun. This is the essence of Daylight Saving Time in a nutshell: making the best use of the hours of sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was kicked around again in the late 19th century, notably by a New Zealand entomologist who wanted more daylight in the evening for bug collecting, and British businessmen and politicians. But the first country to do anything about it was Germany during World War I, to save energy for the war effort. By shifting the clocks so that sunlight lasted later into the evening, people did not need to use electric lights as much. Most countries involved in the war then followed suit. The U.S. adopted it in 1918.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war it was repealed and local areas could decide for themselves whether to keep it. Then came World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a month of Pearl Harbor, we put in Daylight Saving Time again,” says Prerau. “And when WWII ended it became voluntary and several parts of the country had it and several parts didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unwinding History\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters chose, by Proposition, to enact Daylight Saving Time in 1949 — that’s why it has to go before voters again if the current system is going to change. It wouldn’t change automatically, however. Proposition 7 would just be the first of a three-step process. If it passes, the state legislature and Congress also would need to give the OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason this time-switching scheme is falling out of favor: the energy savings are not what they used to be. Most recent studies show the effects of DST offer a one-half to 1.5 percent saving, or sometimes a loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To my eye these are basically a wash,” says Dan Kammen, who runs an energy lab at UC Berkeley. “They’re not an argument for or against Daylight Savings Time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(And for the astute reader, yes it is “saving,” not “savings time.”)\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state.\r\n\r\nLots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we \"spring forward\" and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1727135610,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 31,
"wordCount": 1214
},
"headData": {
"title": "Spring Forward, Fall Back, or Neither: Why Changing Our Clocks Might Fade Into History | KQED",
"description": "On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state.\r\n\r\nLots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we "spring forward" and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Spring Forward, Fall Back, or Neither: Why Changing Our Clocks Might Fade Into History",
"datePublished": "2018-10-22T06:01:41-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-09-23T16:53:30-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "Election 2018",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/10/VentonDaylightSavingTime.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 433,
"templateType": "standard",
"featuredImageType": "standard",
"excludeFromSiteSearch": "Include",
"articleAge": "0",
"path": "/science/1933282/spring-forward-fall-back-or-neither-why-changing-our-clocks-might-fade-into-history",
"audioDuration": 454000,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we “spring forward” and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case you’re wondering, the clock switch no longer means significant energy savings and has no real benefit for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the measure does have its detractors. Some state \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-skelton-daylight-saving-time-20180705-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">politicians\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/18/editorial-for-kids-safety-vote-no-on-year-around-daylight-saving-time/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial writers\u003c/a> point to the last time the U.S. had year-round DST: in 1974 during the OPEC oil embargo – and people hated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public opinion polls showed that everybody liked Daylight Saving Time from March to October,” notes David Prerau, author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.seizethedaylight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time,\u003c/a> “but nobody liked it in the middle of winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Nixon had ordered the measure for two years. But it meant the winter mornings were dark and cold – especially in the northern latitudes. There were some reports of increased accidents in the morning, as kids traveled to school in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting on the Ballot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedestrian safety is always a high concern, says Assemblyman Kansen Chu, but Prop 7 is a totally separate issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chu is a Democrat representing the South and East Bay and sponsor of the measure. Chu became interested in the issue after his dentist showed him medical studies linking a lost hour of sleep in the spring, to increased \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/study-ties-daylight-saving-time-change-to-rise-in-heart-attacks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart attacks\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stroke \u003c/a>and traffic accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2015/retrieve.php?pdfid=544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study from the University of Colorado at Boulder\u003c/a> found a 17 percent increase in traffic accidents on the Monday following the springtime switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out why this might be, I visited the Kriegsfeld Lab at UC Berkeley, where scientists study circadian rhythms. Post-doctoral researcher Benjamin Smarr tells me that every part of our body runs on a daily cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much anything you can name,” he says. “So because we have circadian clocks in every cell in our body, every organ in our body is made up of cells trying to keep time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we throw our timing out of whack, from missing sleep, doing shift work or being jet lagged, it misaligns systems like our attention and perception, digestion, emotions, blood pressure and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing falling apart looks scary,” notes Smarr, “when you realize that all these other things around it have also fallen apart and that they’re also sort of fighting with each other for saying, ‘It’s time to sleep,’ ‘No, it’s time to digest,’ ‘No, it’s time to be active’. It makes sense that jet lag feels bad, makes us [feel] sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice of switching back and forth between Standard and Daylight Time has been under fire for a while, each spring the internet bubbles over with segments and articles such as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– Last Week Tonight with John Oliver: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=br0NW9ufUUw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daylight Saving Time – How Is This Still A Thing?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n– Bustle.com: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bustle.com/articles/118438-7-legitimately-scary-facts-about-daylight-saving-time-which-just-so-happens-to-fall-on-halloween\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 Legitimately Scary Facts About Daylight Saving Time, Which Just So Happens To Fall On Halloween This Year\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n– The Boston Globe: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/03/10/proof-daylight-saving-time-dumb-dangerous-and-costly/kOqQs7T33rYHMEnCraQSJO/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proof Daylight Saving Time Is Dumb, Dangerous, and Costly\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did we get here in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The History of Daylight Saving Time, Abridged\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea dates back centuries, at least to 1784 when Benjamin Franklin was the American ambassador to France. He was in the habit of staying up late to write by candlelight and then sleeping until noon. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin.html\">satirical essay written\u003c/a> for the “Journal de Paris” he describes waking one morning, due to a loud noise, at 6 a.m. and being shocked to see the sun was already up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Your readers, who with me have never seen any sign of sunshine before noon, […], will be as much astonished as I was, when they hear of his rising so early; and especially when I assure them, that he gives light as soon as he rises. […] This event has given rise in my mind to several serious and important reflections. I considered that, if I had not been awakened so early in the morning, I should have slept six hours longer by the light of the sun, and in exchange have lived six hours the following night by candle-light; and, the latter being a much more expensive light than the former, my love of economy induced me to muster up what little arithmetic I was master of, and to make some calculations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1933421\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1933421 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-800x1008.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-800x1008.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-160x202.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-768x967.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-240x302.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-375x472.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-520x655.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benjamin Franklin is credited with being the first to propose (in jest) that humans shift their schedules to match sunlight hours. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Franklin even estimated Parisians could save 64 million pounds of candle wax a year by getting up with the sun. This is the essence of Daylight Saving Time in a nutshell: making the best use of the hours of sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was kicked around again in the late 19th century, notably by a New Zealand entomologist who wanted more daylight in the evening for bug collecting, and British businessmen and politicians. But the first country to do anything about it was Germany during World War I, to save energy for the war effort. By shifting the clocks so that sunlight lasted later into the evening, people did not need to use electric lights as much. Most countries involved in the war then followed suit. The U.S. adopted it in 1918.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war it was repealed and local areas could decide for themselves whether to keep it. Then came World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a month of Pearl Harbor, we put in Daylight Saving Time again,” says Prerau. “And when WWII ended it became voluntary and several parts of the country had it and several parts didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unwinding History\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters chose, by Proposition, to enact Daylight Saving Time in 1949 — that’s why it has to go before voters again if the current system is going to change. It wouldn’t change automatically, however. Proposition 7 would just be the first of a three-step process. If it passes, the state legislature and Congress also would need to give the OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason this time-switching scheme is falling out of favor: the energy savings are not what they used to be. Most recent studies show the effects of DST offer a one-half to 1.5 percent saving, or sometimes a loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To my eye these are basically a wash,” says Dan Kammen, who runs an energy lab at UC Berkeley. “They’re not an argument for or against Daylight Savings Time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(And for the astute reader, yes it is “saving,” not “savings time.”)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1933282/spring-forward-fall-back-or-neither-why-changing-our-clocks-might-fade-into-history",
"authors": [
"11088"
],
"programs": [
"science_5376"
],
"categories": [
"science_33",
"science_40",
"science_5141",
"science_3423"
],
"tags": [
"science_2006",
"science_813"
],
"featImg": "science_1933388",
"label": "source_science_1933282"
},
"science_1933109": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1933109",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1933109",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1539871822000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1539871822,
"format": "standard",
"title": "EPA Boasts Of Reduced Greenhouse Gases While Trump Questions Climate Science",
"headTitle": "EPA Boasts Of Reduced Greenhouse Gases While Trump Questions Climate Science | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is celebrating a drop in the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions last year, even as the president himself continues to challenge the scientific understanding of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency says U.S. production of heat-trapping gases was 2.7 percent lower in 2017 than the previous year. Despite the improvement, independent analysts say the country is likely to fall far short of the pollution controls needed to rein in global warming.[contextly_sidebar id=”VTjU6Ienb3mgGQ17idCLv2PVkgjJf7dH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trends that are driving the emission reductions that we saw in 2017 were baked in several years before,” said Kate Larsen, who monitors greenhouse gas emissions for the \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rhodium Group\u003c/a>, an independent research firm. “We can’t rely on those trends continuing forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the reduction in 2017 came from power plants — traditionally a leading source of carbon pollution. Emissions from the electricity sector fell by 4.5 percent as utilities switched to cheap natural gas and increasingly competitive renewable sources of power. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coal’s share of electricity production\u003c/a> fell to just 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These achievements flow largely from technological breakthroughs in the private sector, not the heavy hand of government,” EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/data-shows-decrease-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-during-trumps-first-year-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>. Wheeler is a former coal lobbyist and, like President Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/06/626525274/get-to-know-andrew-wheeler-ex-coal-lobbyist-with-inside-track-to-lead-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a skeptic when it comes to climate science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-full-interview-60-minutes-transcript-lesley-stahl-2018-10-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that aired this week, Trump disputed the overwhelming scientific consensus that man-made carbon pollution is responsible for global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d have to show me the scientists because they have a very big political agenda,” the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made a priority of rolling back Obama-era climate policies, including measures designed to cut pollution from power plants and automotive tailpipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity sector has continued to show progress in reducing emissions despite that about-face by the federal government. The abundance of cheap natural gas and falling prices for renewable power have encouraged the switch from dirtier, coal-fired plants. Some states have also required utilities to boost their reliance on greener sources of power.[contextly_sidebar id=”Zz74cMfmjLmakl6pTIO6KQWajbf0Cekx”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trends are less positive in the transportation sector, which has now eclipsed electricity as the leading producer of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are driving more and because of low gas prices over the last few years, consumers are choosing larger, heavier vehicles,” Larsen said. The Trump administration has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598888447/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put the brakes on an Obama-era effort to boost fuel economy\u003c/a>, although states like California have threatened to impose their own standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen says at the current pace, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 will be about 15 percent below their 2005 levels. That’s far short of the 26 to 28 percent reduction promised under the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced his intention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">withdraw from that agreement\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cheap natural gas continues to grab market share, greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector could start to climb again after 2025. At that point, gas might not be displacing carbon-intensive coal but rather carbon-free nuclear power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the risk of taking credit for these market trends,” Larsen said. “When those trends push in a direction that’s not useful, no one is taking the blame for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/ce719c7d6664400cb6b720ba84af2bc2?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=AP_Politics&utm_campaign=SocialFlow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press\u003c/a> this week, Trump argued that government efforts to further curb carbon pollution could put the U.S. at an economic disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m not willing to do is sacrifice the economic well-being of our country for something that nobody really knows,” Trump said, repeating his false claim that there’s widespread debate on climate science. “I have a natural instinct for science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Boasts+Of+Reduced+Greenhouse+Gases%2C+Even+As+Trump+Questions+Climate+Science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 657,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704927380,
"excerpt": "U.S. production of heat-trapping greenhouse gases fell 2.7 percent last year. But larger cuts will be needed to address climate change.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "U.S. production of heat-trapping greenhouse gases fell 2.7 percent last year. But larger cuts will be needed to address climate change.",
"title": "EPA Boasts Of Reduced Greenhouse Gases While Trump Questions Climate Science | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "EPA Boasts Of Reduced Greenhouse Gases While Trump Questions Climate Science",
"datePublished": "2018-10-18T07:10:22-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:56:20-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "epa-boasts-of-reduced-greenhouse-gases-while-trump-questions-climate-science",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=658296161&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Scott Horsley, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 18 Oct 2018 05:00:29 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 18 Oct 2018 08:42:15 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/10/18/658296161/epa-boasts-of-reduced-greenhouse-gases-even-as-trump-questions-climate-science?ft=nprml&f=658296161",
"nprImageAgency": "AP",
"nprImageCredit": "Branden Camp",
"source": "Climate Change",
"nprStoryId": "658296161",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 18 Oct 2018 08:42:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1933109/epa-boasts-of-reduced-greenhouse-gases-while-trump-questions-climate-science",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is celebrating a drop in the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions last year, even as the president himself continues to challenge the scientific understanding of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency says U.S. production of heat-trapping gases was 2.7 percent lower in 2017 than the previous year. Despite the improvement, independent analysts say the country is likely to fall far short of the pollution controls needed to rein in global warming.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trends that are driving the emission reductions that we saw in 2017 were baked in several years before,” said Kate Larsen, who monitors greenhouse gas emissions for the \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rhodium Group\u003c/a>, an independent research firm. “We can’t rely on those trends continuing forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the reduction in 2017 came from power plants — traditionally a leading source of carbon pollution. Emissions from the electricity sector fell by 4.5 percent as utilities switched to cheap natural gas and increasingly competitive renewable sources of power. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coal’s share of electricity production\u003c/a> fell to just 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These achievements flow largely from technological breakthroughs in the private sector, not the heavy hand of government,” EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/data-shows-decrease-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-during-trumps-first-year-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>. Wheeler is a former coal lobbyist and, like President Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/06/626525274/get-to-know-andrew-wheeler-ex-coal-lobbyist-with-inside-track-to-lead-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a skeptic when it comes to climate science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-full-interview-60-minutes-transcript-lesley-stahl-2018-10-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that aired this week, Trump disputed the overwhelming scientific consensus that man-made carbon pollution is responsible for global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d have to show me the scientists because they have a very big political agenda,” the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made a priority of rolling back Obama-era climate policies, including measures designed to cut pollution from power plants and automotive tailpipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity sector has continued to show progress in reducing emissions despite that about-face by the federal government. The abundance of cheap natural gas and falling prices for renewable power have encouraged the switch from dirtier, coal-fired plants. Some states have also required utilities to boost their reliance on greener sources of power.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trends are less positive in the transportation sector, which has now eclipsed electricity as the leading producer of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are driving more and because of low gas prices over the last few years, consumers are choosing larger, heavier vehicles,” Larsen said. The Trump administration has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598888447/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put the brakes on an Obama-era effort to boost fuel economy\u003c/a>, although states like California have threatened to impose their own standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen says at the current pace, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 will be about 15 percent below their 2005 levels. That’s far short of the 26 to 28 percent reduction promised under the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced his intention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">withdraw from that agreement\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cheap natural gas continues to grab market share, greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector could start to climb again after 2025. At that point, gas might not be displacing carbon-intensive coal but rather carbon-free nuclear power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the risk of taking credit for these market trends,” Larsen said. “When those trends push in a direction that’s not useful, no one is taking the blame for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/ce719c7d6664400cb6b720ba84af2bc2?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=AP_Politics&utm_campaign=SocialFlow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press\u003c/a> this week, Trump argued that government efforts to further curb carbon pollution could put the U.S. at an economic disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m not willing to do is sacrifice the economic well-being of our country for something that nobody really knows,” Trump said, repeating his false claim that there’s widespread debate on climate science. “I have a natural instinct for science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Boasts+Of+Reduced+Greenhouse+Gases%2C+Even+As+Trump+Questions+Climate+Science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1933109/epa-boasts-of-reduced-greenhouse-gases-while-trump-questions-climate-science",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1933109"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1627",
"science_194",
"science_2080",
"science_3514"
],
"featImg": "science_1933110",
"label": "source_science_1933109"
},
"science_1932894": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932894",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932894",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1539707809000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1539707809,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports",
"headTitle": "Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of U.S. coal and natural gas to Asia, as officials seek to bolster the domestic energy industry and circumvent environmental opposition to fossil fuel exports.[contextly_sidebar id=”HLFT3mMJBwwrOznEAKSusXIYv23zeA3V”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal was described to The Associated Press by Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke and two Republican lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would advance the administration’s agenda of establishing American “energy dominance” on the world stage and underscores a willingness to intervene in markets to make that happen. It’s also tantamount to an end-run around West Coast officials who have rejected private-sector efforts to build new coal ports in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Democratic senator from Oregon and environmentalists blasted the proposal as undercutting local communities opposed to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The Associated Press, Zinke cast it as a matter of national security to ensure U.S. allies have access to affordable fuels. The Trump administration also has cited national security as justification for keeping domestic coal-burning power plants online to prevent disruptions of electricity supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear which sites are under consideration other than one in Alaska. Experts said the possibilities are constrained by the need for a deep water port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said the administration is interested in partnering with private entities to ship coal or liquefied natural gas through naval installations or other federal facilities. He added it’s still early in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I respect the state of Washington and Oregon and California,” Zinke said. “But also, it’s in our interest for national security and our allies to make sure that they have access to affordable energy commodities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accomplishing that, he said, may require the use of “some of our naval facilities, some of our federal facilities on the West Coast.”[contextly_sidebar id=”MZZ7tbY6HfMQTYGBpVoala32jlCIvCVO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke specified only one site that could serve as an export hub, for natural gas: the former Adak Naval Air Facility in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, which he suggested could receive fuel by barge from the North Slope. The base closed in 1997 and has been largely abandoned. Roughly 300 people live in the town of Adak, the westernmost community in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke did not reveal government properties that could serve as potential coal ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden said the Trump administration was “disregarding the realities around climate change” and “trampling on local communities” that have rejected prior port proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal government should be doing more to invest in clean, renewable energy, not threatening the health and safety of Oregonians by propping up dirty energy investors,” the Democratic lawmaker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups including the Sierra Club and Northern Plains Resource Council also voiced opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The military is not a roving force to do whatever Trump finds politically expedient,” said Jan Hasselman, an attorney for opponents of a stalled coal port in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exports have been held up as a lifeline for struggling domestic coal miners since demand for the fuel started to wane a decade ago, when many power plants switched to cheaper, cleaner fuels. The West Coast offers the most economical route for shipments to Asia because of its relative proximity to the largest coal-producing region in the U.S.: the Powder River Basin, which straddles the Montana-Wyoming border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any export site would need access to deep waters to accommodate large ships and enough land to store fuel awaiting shipment. Few such locations can be found on the West Coast, said Joe Aldina, a coal industry analyst with S&P Global Platts Analytics.[contextly_sidebar id=”06XqO8w46Yx4b81CQwVMvMHoe3ZNJSpl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. coal export market booming in recent months, Aldina said any new port established by the government would quickly fill with coal for shipment overseas. Yet with demand expected to fall over the long-term, particularly in Europe, the current high prices for coal are expected to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldina expressed skepticism that government intervention could make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like everything else the Trump administration has tried to do, it’s a long shot whether some of these things will work, and it’s questionable whether they will really help the market,” he said, adding prices and fuel quality are the main drivers of coal markets, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance to exports — rooted in worries about air pollution, climate change and rail safety — and changing market conditions have resulted in six proposed coal ports in Washington and Oregon being rejected or shelved. A $680 million project in Longview, Washington, was denied a key permit last year by state regulators who said it would increase greenhouse gas emissions and cause “significant and unavoidable harm to the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s brought a backlash from elected officials in coal-producing states, who have blasted Washington Gov. Jay Inslee in particular. They argue the rejection of the Longview port, sponsored by Utah-based Lighthouse Resources, violated the commerce clause in the Constitution that says only Congress has the power to regulate international and interstate trade.Montana, Wyoming and four other states joined Lighthouse Resources in a lawsuit challenging the rejection of the company’s Millennium Bulk Terminals port, which could handle up to 48.5 million tons (44 million metric tons) of coal a year.Rep. Liz Cheney, a Wyoming Republican, said she’s spoken with Zinke and U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry about using federal facilities to circumvent opposition to proposed ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That might be, for example, retired military facilities or other places where we would be able to use those for exports — frankly, to get around some of the unreasonable obstacles that have been thrown up,” Cheney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to joining Trump’s cabinet, Zinke was a Montana congressman and Perry was governor of Texas. Both states are among the United States’ top coal producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross also was involved in the proposal.[contextly_sidebar id=”xd1psNfHt0LPuLCmnPpm1HoL9GmoVxL0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Department officials said in a statement that the agency was working with the Interior and Energy Departments “to advance the Administration’s export agenda, and this is one such effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy Department officials declined comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican U.S. Sen. Steve Daines of Montana said Zinke was looking at “all possibilities” for export terminals, including West Coast military installations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a Montanan, he’s looking for ways here to help these Rocky Mountain states like Montana and Wyoming get access to Asian markets,” Daines said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal exports to Asia more than doubled in 2017, according to the Energy Information Administration. The rise continued in the first half of 2018 with almost 23 million tons of U.S. coal exported to Asian nations through June. South Korea, Japan and China were among the biggest recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those increases, the U.S. holds only a small share of the more than 1 billion tons of coal shipped annually by sea. Clark Williams-Derry with the Sightline Institute, a left-leaning think tank based in Seattle, said there’s little chance of that changing in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re bit players on the global stage,” Williams-Derry said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1244,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 34
},
"modified": 1704927389,
"excerpt": "The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of coal and natural gas to Asia.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of coal and natural gas to Asia.",
"title": "Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Trump Administration Eyes West Coast As Transit Point for Coal Exports",
"datePublished": "2018-10-16T09:36:49-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:56:29-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "trump-administration-eyes-west-coast-as-transit-point-for-coal-exports",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1932894/trump-administration-eyes-west-coast-as-transit-point-for-coal-exports",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is considering using West Coast military bases or other federal properties as transit points for shipments of U.S. coal and natural gas to Asia, as officials seek to bolster the domestic energy industry and circumvent environmental opposition to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal was described to The Associated Press by Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke and two Republican lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would advance the administration’s agenda of establishing American “energy dominance” on the world stage and underscores a willingness to intervene in markets to make that happen. It’s also tantamount to an end-run around West Coast officials who have rejected private-sector efforts to build new coal ports in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Democratic senator from Oregon and environmentalists blasted the proposal as undercutting local communities opposed to fossil fuel exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The Associated Press, Zinke cast it as a matter of national security to ensure U.S. allies have access to affordable fuels. The Trump administration also has cited national security as justification for keeping domestic coal-burning power plants online to prevent disruptions of electricity supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear which sites are under consideration other than one in Alaska. Experts said the possibilities are constrained by the need for a deep water port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said the administration is interested in partnering with private entities to ship coal or liquefied natural gas through naval installations or other federal facilities. He added it’s still early in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I respect the state of Washington and Oregon and California,” Zinke said. “But also, it’s in our interest for national security and our allies to make sure that they have access to affordable energy commodities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accomplishing that, he said, may require the use of “some of our naval facilities, some of our federal facilities on the West Coast.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke specified only one site that could serve as an export hub, for natural gas: the former Adak Naval Air Facility in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, which he suggested could receive fuel by barge from the North Slope. The base closed in 1997 and has been largely abandoned. Roughly 300 people live in the town of Adak, the westernmost community in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke did not reveal government properties that could serve as potential coal ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden said the Trump administration was “disregarding the realities around climate change” and “trampling on local communities” that have rejected prior port proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal government should be doing more to invest in clean, renewable energy, not threatening the health and safety of Oregonians by propping up dirty energy investors,” the Democratic lawmaker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups including the Sierra Club and Northern Plains Resource Council also voiced opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The military is not a roving force to do whatever Trump finds politically expedient,” said Jan Hasselman, an attorney for opponents of a stalled coal port in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exports have been held up as a lifeline for struggling domestic coal miners since demand for the fuel started to wane a decade ago, when many power plants switched to cheaper, cleaner fuels. The West Coast offers the most economical route for shipments to Asia because of its relative proximity to the largest coal-producing region in the U.S.: the Powder River Basin, which straddles the Montana-Wyoming border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any export site would need access to deep waters to accommodate large ships and enough land to store fuel awaiting shipment. Few such locations can be found on the West Coast, said Joe Aldina, a coal industry analyst with S&P Global Platts Analytics.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. coal export market booming in recent months, Aldina said any new port established by the government would quickly fill with coal for shipment overseas. Yet with demand expected to fall over the long-term, particularly in Europe, the current high prices for coal are expected to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldina expressed skepticism that government intervention could make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like everything else the Trump administration has tried to do, it’s a long shot whether some of these things will work, and it’s questionable whether they will really help the market,” he said, adding prices and fuel quality are the main drivers of coal markets, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance to exports — rooted in worries about air pollution, climate change and rail safety — and changing market conditions have resulted in six proposed coal ports in Washington and Oregon being rejected or shelved. A $680 million project in Longview, Washington, was denied a key permit last year by state regulators who said it would increase greenhouse gas emissions and cause “significant and unavoidable harm to the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s brought a backlash from elected officials in coal-producing states, who have blasted Washington Gov. Jay Inslee in particular. They argue the rejection of the Longview port, sponsored by Utah-based Lighthouse Resources, violated the commerce clause in the Constitution that says only Congress has the power to regulate international and interstate trade.Montana, Wyoming and four other states joined Lighthouse Resources in a lawsuit challenging the rejection of the company’s Millennium Bulk Terminals port, which could handle up to 48.5 million tons (44 million metric tons) of coal a year.Rep. Liz Cheney, a Wyoming Republican, said she’s spoken with Zinke and U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry about using federal facilities to circumvent opposition to proposed ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That might be, for example, retired military facilities or other places where we would be able to use those for exports — frankly, to get around some of the unreasonable obstacles that have been thrown up,” Cheney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to joining Trump’s cabinet, Zinke was a Montana congressman and Perry was governor of Texas. Both states are among the United States’ top coal producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke said Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross also was involved in the proposal.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Department officials said in a statement that the agency was working with the Interior and Energy Departments “to advance the Administration’s export agenda, and this is one such effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy Department officials declined comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican U.S. Sen. Steve Daines of Montana said Zinke was looking at “all possibilities” for export terminals, including West Coast military installations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a Montanan, he’s looking for ways here to help these Rocky Mountain states like Montana and Wyoming get access to Asian markets,” Daines said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal exports to Asia more than doubled in 2017, according to the Energy Information Administration. The rise continued in the first half of 2018 with almost 23 million tons of U.S. coal exported to Asian nations through June. South Korea, Japan and China were among the biggest recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those increases, the U.S. holds only a small share of the more than 1 billion tons of coal shipped annually by sea. Clark Williams-Derry with the Sightline Institute, a left-leaning think tank based in Seattle, said there’s little chance of that changing in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re bit players on the global stage,” Williams-Derry said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932894/trump-administration-eyes-west-coast-as-transit-point-for-coal-exports",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1932894"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_1916",
"science_134",
"science_192",
"science_3301",
"science_554"
],
"featImg": "science_1932896",
"label": "source_science_1932894"
},
"science_1932453": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932453",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932453",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1539016068000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1539016068,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Nobel in Economics for Climate Research Includes ex-Stanford professor",
"headTitle": "Nobel in Economics for Climate Research Includes ex-Stanford professor | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Two Americans won the Nobel Prize in economics on Monday for studying a pressing issue facing the global economy: how to deal with pollution and climate change and how to foster the innovation needed to tackle such problems.[contextly_sidebar id=”aFMmotvNSht1tek6ZSafnBmy5J7U2Pye”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Nordhaus of Yale University and Paul Romer of New York University were announced winners of the 9-million-kronor ($1.01 million) prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before moving to New York University, Romer, 62, was a professor at Stanford University as well as a senior fellow at Stanford’s Center for International Development, the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, and the Hoover Institution. Previously, he taught at the University of California, Berkeley. He also founded Aplia, an educational technology company that was based in Belmont, Calif., and then San Francisco; it was bought in 2007 by Cengage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romer’s father is Roy Romer, who was governor of Colorado from 1987 to 1999 and superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District from 2000 to 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Romer’s work “explains how ideas are different to other goods and require specific conditions to thrive in a market,” the academy said. Romer’s work found that unregulated economies will produce technological change, but insufficiently provide research and development; this can be addressed by government interventions such and R&D subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordhaus in the 1990s became the first person to create a model that “describes the global interplay between the economy and the climate,” the academy said. Working separately from Romer, he showed that “the most efficient remedy for problems caused by greenhouse gases is a global scheme of universally imposed carbon taxes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon taxes are fees imposed on companies that burn carbon-based fuels such as coal and oil. Advocates see the taxes as encouraging companies to use less-polluting fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, for sure, a Nobel Prize about the big questions,” University of Michigan economist Justin Wolfers said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per Stromberg, head of the Nobel economics prize committee, said “it’s about the long-run future of the world economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first one is how do we keep on generating the new ideas, the new innovations, the new research that’s so important to solve the problems we’re facing in the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The second is how do we deal with the negative effects of economic growth, which have to do with the emission of greenhouse gases leading to a warmer climate – which not just hurts the economy, but risks the life of everyone on earth,” Stromberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize comes just a day after an international panel of scientists issued a report detailing how Earth’s weather, health and ecosystems would be in better shape if the world’s leaders could somehow limit future human-caused warming to just 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (a half degree Celsius) from now, instead of the globally agreed-upon goal of 1.8 degrees F (1 degree C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordhaus has argued that climate change should be considered a “global public good,” like public health and international trade, and regulated accordingly, but not through a command-and-control approach. Instead, by agreeing on a global price for burning carbon that reflects its whole cost, this primary cause of rising temperatures could be traded and taxed, putting market forces to work on the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many economists have since endorsed the concept of taxing carbon and using this financial lever to influence societal behavior. But adopting the regulatory frameworks on a global scale has been a complex challenge, and the world’s political leaders are failing to meet it, the head of the United Nations said last month.[contextly_sidebar id=”OaXVPC74ERrdCqrpdk9jzqTXMv0Fk432″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres bluntly told leaders in New York that unless current emission trends for greenhouse gases are reversed by 2020, it will be impossible to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), which was a key goal of the 2015 Paris climate accords. The U.N. chief challenged governments to end fossil fuel subsidies, help shift toward renewable energy and back a price for carbon emissions that reflects their actual cost. He cited, for example, that climate-related disasters already cost the world $320 billion last year, a figure likely to grow with increased warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people think that dealing with protecting the environment will be so costly and so hard that they just want to ignore the problem,” Romer said by telephone to the Swedish academy. “I hope the prize today could help everyone see that humans are capable of amazing accomplishments when we set about trying to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economics prize is the last of the Nobels to be announced this year. Last year’s prize went to American Richard Thaler for studying how human irrationality affects economic theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peace prize was awarded Friday to Denis Mukwege of Congo and Iraqi Nadia Murad for their work to draw attention to how sexual violence is used as a weapon of war.___Heintz reported from Moscow.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 884,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704927416,
"excerpt": "Two Americans won the Nobel Prize in economics for their work on how to deal with pollution and climate change and how to foster the innovation needed to tackle such problems.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Two Americans won the Nobel Prize in economics for their work on how to deal with pollution and climate change and how to foster the innovation needed to tackle such problems.",
"title": "Nobel in Economics for Climate Research Includes ex-Stanford professor | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Nobel in Economics for Climate Research Includes ex-Stanford professor",
"datePublished": "2018-10-08T09:27:48-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:56:56-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "nobel-in-economics-for-climate-research-includes-ex-stanford-professor",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Jim Heintz\u003cbr />David Keyton\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Events",
"path": "/science/1932453/nobel-in-economics-for-climate-research-includes-ex-stanford-professor",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two Americans won the Nobel Prize in economics on Monday for studying a pressing issue facing the global economy: how to deal with pollution and climate change and how to foster the innovation needed to tackle such problems.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Nordhaus of Yale University and Paul Romer of New York University were announced winners of the 9-million-kronor ($1.01 million) prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before moving to New York University, Romer, 62, was a professor at Stanford University as well as a senior fellow at Stanford’s Center for International Development, the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, and the Hoover Institution. Previously, he taught at the University of California, Berkeley. He also founded Aplia, an educational technology company that was based in Belmont, Calif., and then San Francisco; it was bought in 2007 by Cengage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romer’s father is Roy Romer, who was governor of Colorado from 1987 to 1999 and superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District from 2000 to 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Romer’s work “explains how ideas are different to other goods and require specific conditions to thrive in a market,” the academy said. Romer’s work found that unregulated economies will produce technological change, but insufficiently provide research and development; this can be addressed by government interventions such and R&D subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordhaus in the 1990s became the first person to create a model that “describes the global interplay between the economy and the climate,” the academy said. Working separately from Romer, he showed that “the most efficient remedy for problems caused by greenhouse gases is a global scheme of universally imposed carbon taxes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon taxes are fees imposed on companies that burn carbon-based fuels such as coal and oil. Advocates see the taxes as encouraging companies to use less-polluting fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, for sure, a Nobel Prize about the big questions,” University of Michigan economist Justin Wolfers said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per Stromberg, head of the Nobel economics prize committee, said “it’s about the long-run future of the world economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first one is how do we keep on generating the new ideas, the new innovations, the new research that’s so important to solve the problems we’re facing in the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The second is how do we deal with the negative effects of economic growth, which have to do with the emission of greenhouse gases leading to a warmer climate – which not just hurts the economy, but risks the life of everyone on earth,” Stromberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize comes just a day after an international panel of scientists issued a report detailing how Earth’s weather, health and ecosystems would be in better shape if the world’s leaders could somehow limit future human-caused warming to just 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (a half degree Celsius) from now, instead of the globally agreed-upon goal of 1.8 degrees F (1 degree C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nordhaus has argued that climate change should be considered a “global public good,” like public health and international trade, and regulated accordingly, but not through a command-and-control approach. Instead, by agreeing on a global price for burning carbon that reflects its whole cost, this primary cause of rising temperatures could be traded and taxed, putting market forces to work on the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many economists have since endorsed the concept of taxing carbon and using this financial lever to influence societal behavior. But adopting the regulatory frameworks on a global scale has been a complex challenge, and the world’s political leaders are failing to meet it, the head of the United Nations said last month.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres bluntly told leaders in New York that unless current emission trends for greenhouse gases are reversed by 2020, it will be impossible to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), which was a key goal of the 2015 Paris climate accords. The U.N. chief challenged governments to end fossil fuel subsidies, help shift toward renewable energy and back a price for carbon emissions that reflects their actual cost. He cited, for example, that climate-related disasters already cost the world $320 billion last year, a figure likely to grow with increased warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people think that dealing with protecting the environment will be so costly and so hard that they just want to ignore the problem,” Romer said by telephone to the Swedish academy. “I hope the prize today could help everyone see that humans are capable of amazing accomplishments when we set about trying to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economics prize is the last of the Nobels to be announced this year. Last year’s prize went to American Richard Thaler for studying how human irrationality affects economic theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peace prize was awarded Friday to Denis Mukwege of Congo and Iraqi Nadia Murad for their work to draw attention to how sexual violence is used as a weapon of war.___Heintz reported from Moscow.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932453/nobel-in-economics-for-climate-research-includes-ex-stanford-professor",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1932453"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3780",
"science_192",
"science_1943",
"science_554"
],
"featImg": "science_1932456",
"label": "source_science_1932453"
},
"science_1932445": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932445",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932445",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1539012640000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1539012640,
"format": "standard",
"title": "UN Report Issues Life-Or-Death Warning For Planetary Survival",
"headTitle": "UN Report Issues Life-Or-Death Warning For Planetary Survival | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Preventing an extra single degree of heat could make a life-or-death difference in the next few decades for multitudes of people and ecosystems on this fast-warming planet, an international panel of scientists reported Sunday. But they provide little hope the world will rise to the challenge.[contextly_sidebar id=”sohluwz08eQDArC4pTov5vMO4JxNCAB0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Prize-winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued its gloomy report at a meeting in Incheon, South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 728-page document, the U.N. organization detailed how Earth’s weather, health and ecosystems would be in better shape if the world’s leaders could somehow limit future human-caused warming to just 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (a half degree Celsius) from now, instead of the globally agreed-upon goal of 1.8 degrees F (1 degree C). Among other things:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Half as many people would suffer from lack of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There would be fewer deaths and illnesses from heat, smog and infectious diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Seas would rise nearly 4 inches (0.1 meters) less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Half as many animals with back bones and plants would lose the majority of their habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There would be substantially fewer heat waves, downpours and droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— The West Antarctic ice sheet might not kick into irreversible melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— And it just may be enough to save most of the world’s coral reefs from dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some people this is a life-or-death situation without a doubt,” said Cornell University climate scientist Natalie Mahowald, a lead author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting warming to 0.9 degrees from now means the world can keep “a semblance” of the ecosystems we have. Adding another 0.9 degrees on top of that — the looser global goal — essentially means a different and more challenging Earth for people and species, said another of the report’s lead authors, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, director of the Global Change Institute at the University of Queensland, Australia.[contextly_sidebar id=”6iGTegzlqnJy3vvE51EIswJGMTsbNzDB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But meeting the more ambitious goal of slightly less warming would require immediate, draconian cuts in emissions of heat-trapping gases and dramatic changes in the energy field. While the U.N. panel says technically that’s possible, it saw little chance of the needed adjustments happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, international negotiators adopted a goal of limiting warming to 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) since pre-industrial times. It’s called the 2-degree goal. In 2015, when the nations of the world agreed to the historic Paris climate agreement, they set dual goals: 2 degrees C and a more demanding target of 1.5 degrees C from pre-industrial times. The 1.5 was at the urging of vulnerable countries that called 2 degrees a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world has already warmed 1 degree C since pre-industrial times, so the talk is really about the difference of another half-degree C or 0.9 degrees F from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no definitive way to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 above pre-industrial levels,” the U.N.-requested report said. More than 90 scientists wrote the report, which is based on more than 6,000 peer reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Global warming is likely to reach 1.5 degrees C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate,” the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep in the report, scientists say less than 2 percent of 529 of their calculated possible future scenarios kept warming below the 1.5 goal without the temperature going above that and somehow coming back down in the future.[contextly_sidebar id=”in2KgHa53e2tcTtamr1IDOwgLLpCZBnm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pledges nations made in the Paris agreement in 2015 are “clearly insufficient to limit warming to 1.5 in any way,” one of the study’s lead authors, Joerj Roeglj of the Imperial College in London, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t see the possibility of doing the one and a half” and even 2 degrees looks unlikely, said Appalachian State University environmental scientist Gregg Marland, who isn’t part of the U.N. panel but has tracked global emissions for decades for the U.S. Energy Department. He likened the report to an academic exercise wondering what would happen if a frog had wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet report authors said they remain optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting warming to the lower goal is “not impossible but will require unprecedented changes,” U.N. panel chief Hoesung Lee said in a news conference in which scientists repeatedly declined to spell out just how feasible that goal is. They said it is up to governments to decide whether those unprecedented changes are acted upon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a monumental task in front of us, but it is not impossible,” Mahowald said earlier. “This is our chance to decide what the world is going to look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To limit warming to the lower temperature goal, the world needs “rapid and far-reaching” changes in energy systems, land use, city and industrial design, transportation and building use, the report said. Annual carbon dioxide pollution levels that are still rising now would have to drop by about half by 2030 and then be near zero by 2050. Emissions of other greenhouse gases, such as methane, also will have to drop. Switching away rapidly from fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas to do this could be more expensive than the less ambitious goal, but it would clean the air of other pollutants. And that would have the side benefit of avoiding more than 100 million premature deaths through this century, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate-related risks to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security and economic growth are projected to increase with global warming” the report said, adding that the world’s poor are more likely to get hit hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Princeton University climate scientist Michael Oppenheimer said extreme weather, especially heat waves, will be deadlier if the lower goal is passed.[contextly_sidebar id=”1kD3REVLsFvJR9oJ9qWuEXYNwpnE1SPp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting the tougher-to-reach goal “could result in around 420 million fewer people being frequently exposed to extreme heat waves, and about 65 million fewer people being exposed to exceptional heat waves,” the report said. The deadly heat waves that hit India and Pakistan in 2015 will become practically yearly events if the world reaches the hotter of the two goals, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coral and other ecosystems are also at risk. The report said warmer water coral reefs “will largely disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome will determine whether “my grandchildren would get to see beautiful coral reefs,” Princeton’s Oppenheimer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For scientists there is a bit of “wishful thinking” that the report will spur governments and people to act quickly and strongly, one of the panel’s leaders, German biologist Hans-Otto Portner, said. “If action is not taken it will take the planet into an unprecedented climate future.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1183,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 32
},
"modified": 1704927417,
"excerpt": "Meeting the more ambitious goal of slightly less warming would require immediate, draconian cuts in emissions of heat-trapping gases and dramatic changes in the energy field. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Meeting the more ambitious goal of slightly less warming would require immediate, draconian cuts in emissions of heat-trapping gases and dramatic changes in the energy field. ",
"title": "UN Report Issues Life-Or-Death Warning For Planetary Survival | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "UN Report Issues Life-Or-Death Warning For Planetary Survival",
"datePublished": "2018-10-08T08:30:40-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:56:57-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Change",
"path": "/science/1932445/un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Preventing an extra single degree of heat could make a life-or-death difference in the next few decades for multitudes of people and ecosystems on this fast-warming planet, an international panel of scientists reported Sunday. But they provide little hope the world will rise to the challenge.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Prize-winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued its gloomy report at a meeting in Incheon, South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 728-page document, the U.N. organization detailed how Earth’s weather, health and ecosystems would be in better shape if the world’s leaders could somehow limit future human-caused warming to just 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (a half degree Celsius) from now, instead of the globally agreed-upon goal of 1.8 degrees F (1 degree C). Among other things:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Half as many people would suffer from lack of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There would be fewer deaths and illnesses from heat, smog and infectious diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Seas would rise nearly 4 inches (0.1 meters) less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Half as many animals with back bones and plants would lose the majority of their habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— There would be substantially fewer heat waves, downpours and droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— The West Antarctic ice sheet might not kick into irreversible melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— And it just may be enough to save most of the world’s coral reefs from dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some people this is a life-or-death situation without a doubt,” said Cornell University climate scientist Natalie Mahowald, a lead author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting warming to 0.9 degrees from now means the world can keep “a semblance” of the ecosystems we have. Adding another 0.9 degrees on top of that — the looser global goal — essentially means a different and more challenging Earth for people and species, said another of the report’s lead authors, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, director of the Global Change Institute at the University of Queensland, Australia.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But meeting the more ambitious goal of slightly less warming would require immediate, draconian cuts in emissions of heat-trapping gases and dramatic changes in the energy field. While the U.N. panel says technically that’s possible, it saw little chance of the needed adjustments happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, international negotiators adopted a goal of limiting warming to 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) since pre-industrial times. It’s called the 2-degree goal. In 2015, when the nations of the world agreed to the historic Paris climate agreement, they set dual goals: 2 degrees C and a more demanding target of 1.5 degrees C from pre-industrial times. The 1.5 was at the urging of vulnerable countries that called 2 degrees a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world has already warmed 1 degree C since pre-industrial times, so the talk is really about the difference of another half-degree C or 0.9 degrees F from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no definitive way to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 above pre-industrial levels,” the U.N.-requested report said. More than 90 scientists wrote the report, which is based on more than 6,000 peer reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Global warming is likely to reach 1.5 degrees C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate,” the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep in the report, scientists say less than 2 percent of 529 of their calculated possible future scenarios kept warming below the 1.5 goal without the temperature going above that and somehow coming back down in the future.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pledges nations made in the Paris agreement in 2015 are “clearly insufficient to limit warming to 1.5 in any way,” one of the study’s lead authors, Joerj Roeglj of the Imperial College in London, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t see the possibility of doing the one and a half” and even 2 degrees looks unlikely, said Appalachian State University environmental scientist Gregg Marland, who isn’t part of the U.N. panel but has tracked global emissions for decades for the U.S. Energy Department. He likened the report to an academic exercise wondering what would happen if a frog had wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet report authors said they remain optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting warming to the lower goal is “not impossible but will require unprecedented changes,” U.N. panel chief Hoesung Lee said in a news conference in which scientists repeatedly declined to spell out just how feasible that goal is. They said it is up to governments to decide whether those unprecedented changes are acted upon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a monumental task in front of us, but it is not impossible,” Mahowald said earlier. “This is our chance to decide what the world is going to look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To limit warming to the lower temperature goal, the world needs “rapid and far-reaching” changes in energy systems, land use, city and industrial design, transportation and building use, the report said. Annual carbon dioxide pollution levels that are still rising now would have to drop by about half by 2030 and then be near zero by 2050. Emissions of other greenhouse gases, such as methane, also will have to drop. Switching away rapidly from fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas to do this could be more expensive than the less ambitious goal, but it would clean the air of other pollutants. And that would have the side benefit of avoiding more than 100 million premature deaths through this century, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate-related risks to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security and economic growth are projected to increase with global warming” the report said, adding that the world’s poor are more likely to get hit hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Princeton University climate scientist Michael Oppenheimer said extreme weather, especially heat waves, will be deadlier if the lower goal is passed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meeting the tougher-to-reach goal “could result in around 420 million fewer people being frequently exposed to extreme heat waves, and about 65 million fewer people being exposed to exceptional heat waves,” the report said. The deadly heat waves that hit India and Pakistan in 2015 will become practically yearly events if the world reaches the hotter of the two goals, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coral and other ecosystems are also at risk. The report said warmer water coral reefs “will largely disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome will determine whether “my grandchildren would get to see beautiful coral reefs,” Princeton’s Oppenheimer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For scientists there is a bit of “wishful thinking” that the report will spur governments and people to act quickly and strongly, one of the panel’s leaders, German biologist Hans-Otto Portner, said. “If action is not taken it will take the planet into an unprecedented climate future.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932445/un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1932445"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_556",
"science_3645",
"science_206"
],
"featImg": "science_7534",
"label": "source_science_1932445"
},
"science_1932359": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932359",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932359",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538752785000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538752785,
"format": "standard",
"title": "No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming",
"headTitle": "No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Ramping up wind power in America could also dial up the nation’s temperatures in the neighborhood of the wind farms, a new study out of Harvard found.[contextly_sidebar id=”JSXad718EhNubOe4ETT84QWtwbUWEEHj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wind energy is widely celebrated as environmentally friendly, the researchers concluded that a dramatic, all-out expansion in the number of turbines could warm the country even more than climate change from burning coal and other fossil fuels, because of the way the spinning blades disturb the layers of warm and cold air in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parts of the central United States are already seeing nights that are up to 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) warmer because of nearby wind farms, said study lead author Lee Miller, an environmental scientist at Harvard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any big energy system has an environmental impact,” said Harvard engineering and physics professor David Keith, a study co-author. “There is no free lunch. You do wind on a scale big enough … it’ll change things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers and other scientists stressed that climate change from greenhouse gas emissions is clearly a far bigger threat globally and over the long term than turbine-caused warming, which is temporary and stops when the blades aren’t turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the potential drawbacks, wind energy still makes more sense for the environment than fossil fuels, Keith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just that advocates of wind power have been ignoring growing evidence of a downside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Harvard study, published Thursday in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/home\">Joule\u003c/a> , found that in the unlikely event that the U.S. switched massively to wind to supply nearly all of its electricity, there would be so many turbines that on average the nation’s temperature would go up about 0.4 degrees (0.2 Celsius). Some central areas would see localized warming around 2.5 degrees (1.4 Celsius), though there would also be some cooling in places, such as the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://eerscmap.usgs.gov/uswtdb/\">wind\u003c/a> provides 6.3 percent of the nation’s electricity, according to the American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which looked at just the United States, said that the turbines would cause more warming in the short term this century than the carbon dioxide America spews into the atmosphere would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for this \u003ca href=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/292029786\">effect\u003c/a> : Normally the air is more still at night, with cold air staying near the surface and warmer air resting a little higher. But turbines bring the warm air down and cool air up, making the ground a bit toastier. The effect is seen less during the day but is still there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the effect from turbines is different from human-caused climate change. It mostly consists of warming, it’s local, and it’s temporary. When the turbines are still because the air is calm, there’s no warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, in contrast, is a global effect that involves many more elements than temperature, such as sea level rise, extreme weather, melting glaciers and shifts in the jet stream. Even if a country stopped emitting greenhouse gases, it would still experience climate change if the rest of the world kept on polluting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past studies have observed a temporary nighttime warming of as much as 2 degrees (1.1 Celsius) in places with lots of wind turbines, such as North Texas. The Harvard study took observations and used computer simulation to project what a dramatic increase in turbines would look like for temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other technologies considered environmentally friendly have their downsides, too. Nuclear energy has no carbon dioxide emissions, but there are concerns about waste, safety and cost. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/7250a40e0b1e49a5988ef31259728ef0\">ethanol\u003c/a> boom has wiped out habitats, led farmers to plow over prairies, caused water pollution and raised food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind advocates emphasized that the Harvard study doesn’t show turbines causing global warming, just local heating.[contextly_sidebar id=”RIpsqIWy32bftHiHFliFPosDIJqCydsK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the paper instead looked across the global and long-lasting timescales that matter, renewable resources would fare hundreds of times if not infinitely better than fossil resources,” Michael Goggin, vice president of Grid Strategies and a former researcher for a wind energy group, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Caldeira, a climate scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science who wasn’t part of the research, said the study is sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate effect of burning fossil fuels is cumulative,” Caldeira said in an email. “The longer you run a coal plant, the worse the climate change gets. In contrast, the climate effect of wind turbines is what it is. You build the wind turbine. Climate is affected. But as long as you run the wind turbine, the climate change doesn’t get any worse. So in the long run, as far as the climate is concerned, wind turbines are obviously better than fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 826,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1704927424,
"excerpt": "A new study out of Harvard finds that ramping up wind power in America would also dial up the nation’s temperatures.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new study out of Harvard finds that ramping up wind power in America would also dial up the nation’s temperatures.",
"title": "No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "No Free Lunch for Renewables: Wind Power Causes Local Warming",
"datePublished": "2018-10-05T08:19:45-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:04-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "harvard-study-finds-rise-of-wind-farms-could-induce-greater-warming-than-climate-change",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1932359/harvard-study-finds-rise-of-wind-farms-could-induce-greater-warming-than-climate-change",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ramping up wind power in America could also dial up the nation’s temperatures in the neighborhood of the wind farms, a new study out of Harvard found.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wind energy is widely celebrated as environmentally friendly, the researchers concluded that a dramatic, all-out expansion in the number of turbines could warm the country even more than climate change from burning coal and other fossil fuels, because of the way the spinning blades disturb the layers of warm and cold air in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parts of the central United States are already seeing nights that are up to 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) warmer because of nearby wind farms, said study lead author Lee Miller, an environmental scientist at Harvard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any big energy system has an environmental impact,” said Harvard engineering and physics professor David Keith, a study co-author. “There is no free lunch. You do wind on a scale big enough … it’ll change things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers and other scientists stressed that climate change from greenhouse gas emissions is clearly a far bigger threat globally and over the long term than turbine-caused warming, which is temporary and stops when the blades aren’t turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the potential drawbacks, wind energy still makes more sense for the environment than fossil fuels, Keith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s just that advocates of wind power have been ignoring growing evidence of a downside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Harvard study, published Thursday in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/home\">Joule\u003c/a> , found that in the unlikely event that the U.S. switched massively to wind to supply nearly all of its electricity, there would be so many turbines that on average the nation’s temperature would go up about 0.4 degrees (0.2 Celsius). Some central areas would see localized warming around 2.5 degrees (1.4 Celsius), though there would also be some cooling in places, such as the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, \u003ca href=\"https://eerscmap.usgs.gov/uswtdb/\">wind\u003c/a> provides 6.3 percent of the nation’s electricity, according to the American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which looked at just the United States, said that the turbines would cause more warming in the short term this century than the carbon dioxide America spews into the atmosphere would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for this \u003ca href=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/292029786\">effect\u003c/a> : Normally the air is more still at night, with cold air staying near the surface and warmer air resting a little higher. But turbines bring the warm air down and cool air up, making the ground a bit toastier. The effect is seen less during the day but is still there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the effect from turbines is different from human-caused climate change. It mostly consists of warming, it’s local, and it’s temporary. When the turbines are still because the air is calm, there’s no warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, in contrast, is a global effect that involves many more elements than temperature, such as sea level rise, extreme weather, melting glaciers and shifts in the jet stream. Even if a country stopped emitting greenhouse gases, it would still experience climate change if the rest of the world kept on polluting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past studies have observed a temporary nighttime warming of as much as 2 degrees (1.1 Celsius) in places with lots of wind turbines, such as North Texas. The Harvard study took observations and used computer simulation to project what a dramatic increase in turbines would look like for temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other technologies considered environmentally friendly have their downsides, too. Nuclear energy has no carbon dioxide emissions, but there are concerns about waste, safety and cost. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/7250a40e0b1e49a5988ef31259728ef0\">ethanol\u003c/a> boom has wiped out habitats, led farmers to plow over prairies, caused water pollution and raised food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind advocates emphasized that the Harvard study doesn’t show turbines causing global warming, just local heating.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the paper instead looked across the global and long-lasting timescales that matter, renewable resources would fare hundreds of times if not infinitely better than fossil resources,” Michael Goggin, vice president of Grid Strategies and a former researcher for a wind energy group, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Caldeira, a climate scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science who wasn’t part of the research, said the study is sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate effect of burning fossil fuels is cumulative,” Caldeira said in an email. “The longer you run a coal plant, the worse the climate change gets. In contrast, the climate effect of wind turbines is what it is. You build the wind turbine. Climate is affected. But as long as you run the wind turbine, the climate change doesn’t get any worse. So in the long run, as far as the climate is concerned, wind turbines are obviously better than fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932359/harvard-study-finds-rise-of-wind-farms-could-induce-greater-warming-than-climate-change",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1932359"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_556",
"science_140"
],
"featImg": "science_1932361",
"label": "source_science_1932359"
},
"science_1932308": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932308",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932308",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538696530000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538696530,
"format": "image",
"title": "Even in California, Electric Vehicle Sales Are Meager. So Here Comes a New Campaign ...",
"headTitle": "Even in California, Electric Vehicle Sales Are Meager. So Here Comes a New Campaign … | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Electric cars have been on the market for some time now but surveys \u003ca href=\"https://its.ucdavis.edu/blog-post/automakers-policymakers-on-path-to-electric-vehicles-consumers-are-not/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">show \u003c/a>that even in California adoption has been slow. [contextly_sidebar id=”0J8xbcxPSEu7AMKljxWfepnYbThFPYZw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new initiative called \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/vision-and-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Veloz\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> however, hopes to change that with a multimillion dollar public awareness campaign announced Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auto giants are teaming up with California officials and local power utilities to launch the nonprofit, whose mission is to accelerate the mass adoption of electric vehicles in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently California has about 350,000 electric vehicles on its roads, \u003ca href=\"http://evadoption.com/california-evs-by-the-numbers-20-statistics-that-might-surprise-you/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers\u003c/a>. While the rate of electric vehicle adoption significantly outpaces other states, California still has far to go to reach Gov. Brown’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/01/26/governor-brown-takes-action-to-increase-zero-emission-vehicles-fund-new-climate-investments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> mandated goal of 5 million\u003c/a> zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Veloz membership includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/unlikely-alliance-joins-forces-to-keep-california-in-the-lead-of-the-electric-car-race/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">35-plus organizations, all with a stake in \u003c/a>the transportation sector, including General Motors, Southern California Edison and the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing the effects of climate change in California here today,” Ron Nichols, president of Southern California Edison, said during Wednesday’s press call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen droughts and wildfires intensifying, and that’s one of the many reasons that electrifying transport, we believe, is imperative to addressing the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veloz’ mission is to “create a movement,” says Executive Director Josh Boone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest impediment to electrifying transportation has been the lag between public perception and the pace of developments, according to Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly the lack of awareness is a critical hurdle that we have had to overcome early on, despite . . . costs coming down, number of models increasing, number of charging stations out there,” she said on Wednesday. “We have to show the public that these things are available.”[contextly_sidebar id=”IlVv5PQiM87vHgKBGKYIJtVuG6Hhp3iX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols described the campaign as the “largest multistake holder, multimillion-dollar campaign” for electric vehicles in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group has a nearly $4 million budget, with half that amount coming from Electrify America, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/vw-electrify-america-first-ad-campaign-jetstones/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a public awareness\u003c/a> initiative launched by Volkswagen as part of a legal settlement related to cheating on emissions tests for its diesel vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s first set of ads, dubbed “opposites attract,” will feature a cheeky take from “unusual spokespeople” promoting electric cars, according to Boone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new initiative follows a similar campaign launched in May in multiple states on the east coast dubbed \u003ca href=\"https://driveelectricus.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Drive Change. Drive Electric.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veloz plans on raising additional funds for future campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 452,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704927426,
"excerpt": "A new media blitz backed by government agencies, utilities and automakers is targeting California consumers in the hopes of persuading more drivers to go electric. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new media blitz backed by government agencies, utilities and automakers is targeting California consumers in the hopes of persuading more drivers to go electric. ",
"title": "Even in California, Electric Vehicle Sales Are Meager. So Here Comes a New Campaign ... | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Even in California, Electric Vehicle Sales Are Meager. So Here Comes a New Campaign ...",
"datePublished": "2018-10-04T16:42:10-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:06-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-campaign-seeks-to-get-people-excited-about-electric-cars",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1932308/california-campaign-seeks-to-get-people-excited-about-electric-cars",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Electric cars have been on the market for some time now but surveys \u003ca href=\"https://its.ucdavis.edu/blog-post/automakers-policymakers-on-path-to-electric-vehicles-consumers-are-not/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">show \u003c/a>that even in California adoption has been slow. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new initiative called \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/vision-and-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Veloz\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> however, hopes to change that with a multimillion dollar public awareness campaign announced Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auto giants are teaming up with California officials and local power utilities to launch the nonprofit, whose mission is to accelerate the mass adoption of electric vehicles in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently California has about 350,000 electric vehicles on its roads, \u003ca href=\"http://evadoption.com/california-evs-by-the-numbers-20-statistics-that-might-surprise-you/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers\u003c/a>. While the rate of electric vehicle adoption significantly outpaces other states, California still has far to go to reach Gov. Brown’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/01/26/governor-brown-takes-action-to-increase-zero-emission-vehicles-fund-new-climate-investments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> mandated goal of 5 million\u003c/a> zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Veloz membership includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/unlikely-alliance-joins-forces-to-keep-california-in-the-lead-of-the-electric-car-race/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">35-plus organizations, all with a stake in \u003c/a>the transportation sector, including General Motors, Southern California Edison and the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing the effects of climate change in California here today,” Ron Nichols, president of Southern California Edison, said during Wednesday’s press call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen droughts and wildfires intensifying, and that’s one of the many reasons that electrifying transport, we believe, is imperative to addressing the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veloz’ mission is to “create a movement,” says Executive Director Josh Boone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest impediment to electrifying transportation has been the lag between public perception and the pace of developments, according to Mary Nichols, head of the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly the lack of awareness is a critical hurdle that we have had to overcome early on, despite . . . costs coming down, number of models increasing, number of charging stations out there,” she said on Wednesday. “We have to show the public that these things are available.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols described the campaign as the “largest multistake holder, multimillion-dollar campaign” for electric vehicles in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group has a nearly $4 million budget, with half that amount coming from Electrify America, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/vw-electrify-america-first-ad-campaign-jetstones/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a public awareness\u003c/a> initiative launched by Volkswagen as part of a legal settlement related to cheating on emissions tests for its diesel vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s first set of ads, dubbed “opposites attract,” will feature a cheeky take from “unusual spokespeople” promoting electric cars, according to Boone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new initiative follows a similar campaign launched in May in multiple states on the east coast dubbed \u003ca href=\"https://driveelectricus.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Drive Change. Drive Electric.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veloz plans on raising additional funds for future campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932308/california-campaign-seeks-to-get-people-excited-about-electric-cars",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2889",
"science_182",
"science_845",
"science_192",
"science_3370"
],
"featImg": "science_1351641",
"label": "source_science_1932308"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=energy": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 168,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 409,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_1937435",
"science_1937151",
"science_1935381",
"science_1933923",
"science_1933667",
"science_1933282",
"science_1933109",
"science_1932894",
"science_1932453",
"science_1932445",
"science_1932359",
"science_1932308"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_energy": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"source_science_1935381": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1935381",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Energy",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1933923": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1933923",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Election 2018",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1933667": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1933667",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Technology",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1933282": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1933282",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Election 2018",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1933109": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1933109",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1932894": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932894",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1932453": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932453",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Events",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1932445": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932445",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1932359": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932359",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1932308": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932308",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_3370": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3370",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3370",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3370,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featured"
},
"science_3833": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3833",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3833",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "FeatureRadio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "FeatureRadio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3833,
"slug": "featureradio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featureradio"
},
"science_136": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_136",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "136",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "PG&E",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "PG&E Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 140,
"slug": "pge",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pge"
},
"science_138": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_138",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "138",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 142,
"slug": "solar",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/solar"
},
"science_3830": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3830",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3830",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Staff",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Staff Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3830,
"slug": "staff",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/staff"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_392": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_392",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "392",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "agriculture",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "agriculture Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 398,
"slug": "agriculture",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/agriculture"
},
"science_505": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_505",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "505",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "air pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "air pollution Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 511,
"slug": "air-pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/air-pollution"
},
"science_524": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_524",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "524",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "air quality",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "air quality Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 530,
"slug": "air-quality",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/air-quality"
},
"science_5178": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5178",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5178",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5178,
"slug": "california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california"
},
"science_686": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_686",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "686",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "central valley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "central valley Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 693,
"slug": "central-valley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/central-valley"
},
"science_2080": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2080",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2080",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "EPA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "EPA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2091,
"slug": "epa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/epa"
},
"science_1487": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1487",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1487",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "San Joaquin Valley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "San Joaquin Valley Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1496,
"slug": "san-joaquin-valley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/san-joaquin-valley"
},
"science_134": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_134",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "134",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 138,
"slug": "energy-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/energy-2"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_309": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_309",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "309",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "science Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 314,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/science"
},
"science_2006": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2006",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2006",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "election",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "election Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2017,
"slug": "election",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/election"
},
"science_429": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_429",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "429",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fracking",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fracking Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 435,
"slug": "fracking",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fracking"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_2592": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2592",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2592",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "autonomous vehicles",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "autonomous vehicles Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2604,
"slug": "autonomous-vehicles",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/autonomous-vehicles"
},
"science_2889": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2889",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2889",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "clean energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "clean energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2889,
"slug": "clean-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/clean-energy"
},
"science_461": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_461",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "461",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "technology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "technology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 467,
"slug": "technology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/technology"
},
"science_5376": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5376",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5376",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"name": "Science Podcast",
"slug": "science-podcast",
"taxonomy": "program",
"description": null,
"featImg": null,
"headData": {
"title": "Science Podcast | KQED Science",
"description": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogDescription": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"twDescription": null,
"twImgId": null
},
"ttid": 5376,
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/program/science-podcast"
},
"science_5141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Podcast",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Podcast Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5141,
"slug": "podcast",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/podcast"
},
"science_3423": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3423",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3423",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science Podcast",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"socialTitle": "Bay Area Science: Stories & Insights with KQED's Science Podcasts",
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Our captivating podcasts take you on a journey through the Bay Area's vibrant scientific landscape. Discover groundbreaking research & hear expert insights.",
"title": "Bay Area Science: Stories & Insights with KQED's Science Podcasts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3423,
"slug": "science-podcast",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/science-podcast"
},
"science_813": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_813",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "813",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "news",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "news Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 820,
"slug": "news-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/news-2"
},
"science_1627": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1627",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1627",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carbon emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carbon emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1636,
"slug": "carbon-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/carbon-emissions"
},
"science_3514": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3514",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3514",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Trump Administration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Trump Administration Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3514,
"slug": "trump-administration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/trump-administration"
},
"science_1916": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1916",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1916",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "coal",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "coal Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1927,
"slug": "coal",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/coal"
},
"science_3301": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3301",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3301",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fossil fuels",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fossil fuels Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3301,
"slug": "fossil-fuels",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fossil-fuels"
},
"science_554": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_554",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "554",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pollution Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 560,
"slug": "pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pollution"
},
"science_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 39,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/events"
},
"science_3780": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3780",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3780",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "economics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "economics Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3780,
"slug": "economics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/economics"
},
"science_1943": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1943",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1943",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Nobel Prize",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Nobel Prize Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1954,
"slug": "nobel-prize",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/nobel-prize"
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
},
"science_556": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_556",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "556",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global warming",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global warming Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 562,
"slug": "global-warming",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-warming"
},
"science_3645": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3645",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3645",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "greenhouse emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "greenhouse emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3645,
"slug": "greenhouse-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/greenhouse-emissions"
},
"science_206": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_206",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "206",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sea level rise",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sea level rise Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 210,
"slug": "sea-level-rise",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sea-level-rise"
},
"science_140": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_140",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "140",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "renewable energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "renewable energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 144,
"slug": "renewable-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/renewable-energy"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
},
"science_845": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_845",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "845",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "electric cars",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "electric cars Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 851,
"slug": "electric-cars",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/electric-cars"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
