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And in the meantime, nuclear plants are running out of room to store spent fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Running Out of Room\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]A California company wants to store spent nuclear fuel in holes drilled at least 1,000 feet underground in stable rock formations. The company says the waste would be separate from groundwater and in a place where it can’t hurt people.[/pullquote]The \u003ca href=\"https://www.exeloncorp.com/locations/power-plants/peach-bottom-atomic-power-station\">Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station\u003c/a> in south-central Pennsylvania illustrates the problem. It’s one of 80 sites, across dozens of states, where nearly 80,000 metric tons of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/key_issues/disposal_of_highlevel_nuclear_waste/issue_summary\">waste \u003c/a>from power plants is stored where it was generated, at taxpayer expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spent fuel removed from the Peach Bottom reactor is first stored in racks in a big pool. It’s surrounded by a bright yellow plastic barrier and signs that read “Caution: Radiation Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are under about 22 feet of water,” says reactor engineering manager Mark Parrish. “They are continuously being cooled, as they still have some amount of decay heat even after they’ve operated in the reactor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/26/doe-nuclear-facility-map_custom-17cd75e21c8e115bf5293142386957a0ed5d62ef-s800-c85.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California is home to four sites for high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. (Department of Energy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The spent fuel stays here for seven to 10 years while it cools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it’s safe to remove the spent fuel from the pool, it’s stored outside in white metal casks that look like big hot water heaters. They are lined up on a concrete base behind razor wire and against a hillside near the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently there are 89 casks at Peach Bottom with room for three more, says Pat Navin, site vice president for Exelon, the company that partially owns and operates the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is 40 years worth of spent fuel stored over there currently and it’s less than the size of a football field,” says Navin. “Probably half a football field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a surprisingly small amount of waste when you consider that’s enough spent fuel to produce about 10 percent of Pennsylvania’s electricity over four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without a permanent disposal site, Navin says they’re going to run out of room. So they’re expanding the temporary storage to hold all the waste generated through the 60 years the plant is licensed to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navin says this storage is safe. The metal containers are sturdy enough to withstand things like an earthquake and, eventually, a move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the opportunity comes for these to be sent somewhere else then these will double as a shipping container as well,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Private Companies Propose Their Own Storage Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the waste piles up, private companies are stepping in with their own solutions for the nation’s radioactive spent fuel. One is proposing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/11/709600915/new-mexico-is-divided-over-the-perfect-site-to-store-nation-s-nuclear-waste\">temporary storage site in New Mexico\u003c/a>, and another is seeking a license for a site in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most experts agree that what’s needed is a permanent site, like Yucca Mountain, that doesn’t require humans to manage it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Institutions go away,” says Edwin Lyman, acting director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-power\">Nuclear Safety Project\u003c/a> at the Union of Concerned Scientists. “There’s no guarantee the owner will still be around for the duration of time when that waste remains dangerous, which is tens or hundreds of thousands of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A California company says it has a viable plan for permanent storage. \u003ca href=\"https://www.deepisolation.com/\">Deep Isolation\u003c/a> wants to store spent fuel in holes drilled at least 1,000 feet underground in stable rock formations. The company says the waste would be separate from groundwater and in a place where it can’t hurt people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to imagine having a playground at the top of the Deep Isolation bore hole where my kids and I can go play,” says CEO Elizabeth Muller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, Muller’s company conducted a test north of Austin, Texas. Crews lowered an 80-pound canister into a drilled hole. It was a simulation, so no radioactive substances were involved. The goal was to determine whether they could also retrieve the canister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test was successful, and that’s important. Regulators require retrieval, because new technology could develop to better deal with the spent fuel. And the public is less likely to accept disposal programs that can’t be reversed, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1378_web.pdf\">International Atomic Energy Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proving the waste can be retrieved may be the easy part. The bigger challenge is federal law, which doesn’t allow private companies to permanently store nuclear waste from power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current law also says all the waste should end up at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. By contrast, Deep Isolation’s technology would store waste at sites around the country, likely near existing nuclear power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t see how there would be political support from every other state, other than Nevada, for changing the law, so that spent nuclear fuel could stay in your state forever,” says Lyman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the law, all that waste in dozens of states is staying put for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+Nuclear+Waste+Piles+Up%2C+Private+Companies+Pitch+New+Ways+To+Store+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Congress is once again debating how to dispose of the country’s growing inventory of nuclear waste. Sen. John Barrasso, R-Wyo., is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases-republican?ID=AF869491-AE50-4E9E-8EB6-0828A6445E9E\">proposing legislation\u003c/a> that would jump-start licensing hearings for the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste storage site in Nevada. The Trump administration also is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/256af181e3894f05857fdfc970979d08\">asking Congress for money\u003c/a> to resume work on that decades old \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=101689489\">project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may not end local opposition or a longstanding political stalemate. And in the meantime, nuclear plants are running out of room to store spent fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Running Out of Room\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.exeloncorp.com/locations/power-plants/peach-bottom-atomic-power-station\">Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station\u003c/a> in south-central Pennsylvania illustrates the problem. It’s one of 80 sites, across dozens of states, where nearly 80,000 metric tons of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/key_issues/disposal_of_highlevel_nuclear_waste/issue_summary\">waste \u003c/a>from power plants is stored where it was generated, at taxpayer expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spent fuel removed from the Peach Bottom reactor is first stored in racks in a big pool. It’s surrounded by a bright yellow plastic barrier and signs that read “Caution: Radiation Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are under about 22 feet of water,” says reactor engineering manager Mark Parrish. “They are continuously being cooled, as they still have some amount of decay heat even after they’ve operated in the reactor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/26/doe-nuclear-facility-map_custom-17cd75e21c8e115bf5293142386957a0ed5d62ef-s800-c85.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California is home to four sites for high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. (Department of Energy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The spent fuel stays here for seven to 10 years while it cools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it’s safe to remove the spent fuel from the pool, it’s stored outside in white metal casks that look like big hot water heaters. They are lined up on a concrete base behind razor wire and against a hillside near the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently there are 89 casks at Peach Bottom with room for three more, says Pat Navin, site vice president for Exelon, the company that partially owns and operates the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is 40 years worth of spent fuel stored over there currently and it’s less than the size of a football field,” says Navin. “Probably half a football field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a surprisingly small amount of waste when you consider that’s enough spent fuel to produce about 10 percent of Pennsylvania’s electricity over four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without a permanent disposal site, Navin says they’re going to run out of room. So they’re expanding the temporary storage to hold all the waste generated through the 60 years the plant is licensed to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navin says this storage is safe. The metal containers are sturdy enough to withstand things like an earthquake and, eventually, a move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the opportunity comes for these to be sent somewhere else then these will double as a shipping container as well,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Private Companies Propose Their Own Storage Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the waste piles up, private companies are stepping in with their own solutions for the nation’s radioactive spent fuel. One is proposing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/11/709600915/new-mexico-is-divided-over-the-perfect-site-to-store-nation-s-nuclear-waste\">temporary storage site in New Mexico\u003c/a>, and another is seeking a license for a site in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most experts agree that what’s needed is a permanent site, like Yucca Mountain, that doesn’t require humans to manage it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Institutions go away,” says Edwin Lyman, acting director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-power\">Nuclear Safety Project\u003c/a> at the Union of Concerned Scientists. “There’s no guarantee the owner will still be around for the duration of time when that waste remains dangerous, which is tens or hundreds of thousands of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A California company says it has a viable plan for permanent storage. \u003ca href=\"https://www.deepisolation.com/\">Deep Isolation\u003c/a> wants to store spent fuel in holes drilled at least 1,000 feet underground in stable rock formations. The company says the waste would be separate from groundwater and in a place where it can’t hurt people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to imagine having a playground at the top of the Deep Isolation bore hole where my kids and I can go play,” says CEO Elizabeth Muller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, Muller’s company conducted a test north of Austin, Texas. Crews lowered an 80-pound canister into a drilled hole. It was a simulation, so no radioactive substances were involved. The goal was to determine whether they could also retrieve the canister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test was successful, and that’s important. Regulators require retrieval, because new technology could develop to better deal with the spent fuel. And the public is less likely to accept disposal programs that can’t be reversed, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1378_web.pdf\">International Atomic Energy Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proving the waste can be retrieved may be the easy part. The bigger challenge is federal law, which doesn’t allow private companies to permanently store nuclear waste from power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current law also says all the waste should end up at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. By contrast, Deep Isolation’s technology would store waste at sites around the country, likely near existing nuclear power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t see how there would be political support from every other state, other than Nevada, for changing the law, so that spent nuclear fuel could stay in your state forever,” says Lyman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the law, all that waste in dozens of states is staying put for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+Nuclear+Waste+Piles+Up%2C+Private+Companies+Pitch+New+Ways+To+Store+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "U.S. Interior Secretary Says Offshore Drilling Plan Now on Hold",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is postponing controversial plans to greatly expand oil and gas drilling off of the nation’s coasts, following a recent setback in court and months of pushback from coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, a federal judge in Alaska ruled that President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.alaskapublic.org/2019/03/29/judge-blocks-trump-administration-move-to-undo-obama-ban-on-arctic-oil-leasing/\">exceeded his authority \u003c/a>when he signed an executive order to lift an Obama-era ban on oil and gas drilling in parts of the Arctic and Atlantic oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision immediately reinstated those protections, and was a major blow to the administration’s efforts to boost oil and gas development across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Trump administration is expected to appeal the decision, a resolution could be a long way off. That makes it uncertain where new oil leases may eventually be allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-offshore-oil-drilling-plan-sidelined-indefinitely-11556208950\">published Thursday\u003c/a>, newly confirmed Interior Secretary David Bernhardt said that his agency may wait for the court process to play out before moving forward with plans to open up more than 90 percent of all federal waters to offshore oil and gas leasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the time the court rules, that may be discombobulating to our plan,” Bernhardt told the newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the Trump administration said it would move to allow offshore oil and gas leasing in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">nearly all of the nation’s coastal waters\u003c/a>. The proposal was met with instant criticism from environmental groups and governors’ offices along the East and West coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some Republican lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577279652/other-states-ask-for-offshore-drilling-exemption-like-floridas\">joined in the backlash\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All had been waiting months for a new version of the plan, which had been expected anytime\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> But during his confirmation hearing last month, Bernhardt told lawmakers that the plan was still in its beginning stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His interview with The Wall Street Journal was his first since being confirmed as the nation’s top land steward, and appeared to put the proposal on indefinite hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the recent court decision, the Department is simply evaluating all of its options to determine the best pathway to accomplish the mission entrusted to it by the President,” Interior spokeswoman Molly Block confirmed in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan’s critics are celebrating the delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision is the result of constant pressure from coastal communities, environmental groups, and elected official who made it abundantly clear that offshore oil and gas drilling is dangerous, unwanted, and a threat to our economy and way of life,” said Virginia Democratic Congressman Joe Cunningham in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacqueline Savitz, chief policy officer at Oceana, an ocean conservation group, says that she is encouraged by the move, “but until the Trump plan is final, the President is positioned to open up our coasts at a moment’s notice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Puts+Offshore+Drilling+Plan+On+Hold+After+Setback+In+Court&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is postponing controversial plans to greatly expand oil and gas drilling off of the nation’s coasts, following a recent setback in court and months of pushback from coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, a federal judge in Alaska ruled that President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.alaskapublic.org/2019/03/29/judge-blocks-trump-administration-move-to-undo-obama-ban-on-arctic-oil-leasing/\">exceeded his authority \u003c/a>when he signed an executive order to lift an Obama-era ban on oil and gas drilling in parts of the Arctic and Atlantic oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision immediately reinstated those protections, and was a major blow to the administration’s efforts to boost oil and gas development across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Trump administration is expected to appeal the decision, a resolution could be a long way off. That makes it uncertain where new oil leases may eventually be allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-offshore-oil-drilling-plan-sidelined-indefinitely-11556208950\">published Thursday\u003c/a>, newly confirmed Interior Secretary David Bernhardt said that his agency may wait for the court process to play out before moving forward with plans to open up more than 90 percent of all federal waters to offshore oil and gas leasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the time the court rules, that may be discombobulating to our plan,” Bernhardt told the newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the Trump administration said it would move to allow offshore oil and gas leasing in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">nearly all of the nation’s coastal waters\u003c/a>. The proposal was met with instant criticism from environmental groups and governors’ offices along the East and West coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some Republican lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577279652/other-states-ask-for-offshore-drilling-exemption-like-floridas\">joined in the backlash\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All had been waiting months for a new version of the plan, which had been expected anytime\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> But during his confirmation hearing last month, Bernhardt told lawmakers that the plan was still in its beginning stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His interview with The Wall Street Journal was his first since being confirmed as the nation’s top land steward, and appeared to put the proposal on indefinite hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the recent court decision, the Department is simply evaluating all of its options to determine the best pathway to accomplish the mission entrusted to it by the President,” Interior spokeswoman Molly Block confirmed in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan’s critics are celebrating the delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision is the result of constant pressure from coastal communities, environmental groups, and elected official who made it abundantly clear that offshore oil and gas drilling is dangerous, unwanted, and a threat to our economy and way of life,” said Virginia Democratic Congressman Joe Cunningham in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacqueline Savitz, chief policy officer at Oceana, an ocean conservation group, says that she is encouraged by the move, “but until the Trump plan is final, the President is positioned to open up our coasts at a moment’s notice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Puts+Offshore+Drilling+Plan+On+Hold+After+Setback+In+Court&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Both Sides of California Fracking Debate Await Newsom's Next Move",
"headTitle": "Both Sides of California Fracking Debate Await Newsom’s Next Move | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California has been deeply involved with the oil and gas business since the first wooden derricks were erected in sleepy Kern County in the 19th century. But these days California is flush with laws, regulations and goals that will likely cause the state to eventually sever its long relationship with fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the flashpoints in that still-evolving association is hydraulic fracturing—or fracking—the controversial high-pressure pumping of chemicals and water into underground rock to crack it open and release oil. Former Gov. Jerry Brown declined to ban fracking despite intense pressure from anti-oil activists but signed into law a requirement that all chemicals used in the process be disclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom, while campaigning for his new job, said he supported a ban. As lieutenant governor and a member of the State Lands Commission, Newsom signed a letter last year to the Trump administration, pushing back against a federal intent to reopen drilling off California’s coast. The commission said it would not approve permits for new pipelines or facilities that enabled offshore oil production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fossil fuel era is ending, and California is not interested in the boom-or-bust oil economy,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should the governor want to do away with fracking, he could issue an emergency order placing a moratorium on it. But the public hasn’t heard from Newsom on the issue as he has laid out his initial priorities, and his staff did not answer questions from CALmatters about his current leanings. He has made priorities of environmental justice, public health and other issues critical to the Central Valley, which is also the hub of California’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 20% of California’s oil is produced from fracked wells, according to the state. Still, opposition remains intense, with activists arguing that fracking endangers drinking water supplies, air quality and public health and imperils our oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of California counties and cities seem to agree, having passed ordinances banning the procedure, even where there is no oil drilling. And fracking has become a proxy for environmentalists’ push to ramp down new oil production, which has been declining in California for the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Al Muratsuchi said he would support a fracking ban but preferred to come at the issue more broadly, with legislation to address “all oil and gas development that [threatens] the health of children and families or our national monuments and other protected lands.” A Democrat from Torrance, he wants to bar any new construction of oil infrastructure on state land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate proposal, he would require that other new oil development, which could include fracking, be sited at least a half-mile from child care facilities, hospitals and residences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript id=\"infogram_0_1d754c82-efa5-4bc2-8882-3eb50ba5773e\" title=\"fracking\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?rCT\" type=\"text/javascript\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I continue to believe … that the evidence is clear about the potential harmful impacts of fracking,” the legislator said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other pending bills would subject the oil industry to more regulation, including a severance tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the oil and gas industry, fracking bans are a thinly veiled assault on fossil fuels that could cripple California’s economy, throw thousands out of work and drive up the cost of gas at the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be irresponsible to ban hydraulic fracturing and other safe well-stimulation techniques in California,” said Catherine Reheis-Boyd, president of the Western States Petroleum Association, an industry group. “Californians consume all of the oil we produce under the strictest environmental protections on the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern fracking has been practiced in oil fields since the 1940s, but it burst into the national spotlight in the last decade when companies began unlocking troves of natural gas in underground shale. The technique for restarting decades-old wells has brought new life to the aging oil fields around Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking created a boom that made the United States the world’s biggest oil producer. The procedure is exempted from the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, which otherwise requires myriad testing and safety measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some parts of the country, evidence has emerged that waste fluids from fracking have contaminated drinking water, and swarms of earthquakes from fracking and other high-pressure injections—frackquakes—have bedeviled Oklahoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s unique geology—fracking occurs at shallower depths and probes a different type of strata—means the state has not experienced such problems on the same scale. And fracking in California requires much less water than in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabe Garcia runs the Bakersfield office of the federal Bureau of Land Management and oversees the U.S. government’s oil holdings in California, leasing about 200,000 acres for energy development. The Trump administration rescinded Obama-era federal fracking regulations; Garcia said that operators on federal leases in California get permits from the state and abide by California’s rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said the persistent intense criticism of fracking is unfounded. “A lot of it comes from people who are not experts in the field,” Garcia said. “They make their determinations based on what’s going on elsewhere in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s relatively strict fracking regulations, set in 2013, call for more scientific study of fracking and related practices and more careful permitting of well operations, in addition to requiring disclosure of chemicals. Even with that reporting requirement, public health officials say they have difficulty gauging the potential impact of fracking’s chemical stews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most comprehensive analysis of fracking in the state was conducted by the California Council on Science and Technology in 2015, as part of an examination of well-stimulation techniques. One of the report’s conclusions was that scientists were unable to determine fracking’s full effects on human health, the environment or groundwater because they don’t fully understand all the chemicals used or how they interact with one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Operators have unrestricted use of many hazardous … chemicals in hydraulic fracturing,” the report found. Some of the same chemicals are used in other oilfield procedures as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In terms of understanding the hazards and risk to human health and the environment, we have not gotten much further in our understanding of chemicals used in oil and gas in California,” added Seth Shonkoff, a public health scientist and one of the report’s lead authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New state rules took effect this month governing a routine and, to some, more troubling category of operations that includes high-pressure injections of steam or acid to rework or stimulate oil production or during maintenance. Those practices, according to Shonkoff and others, use more dangerous chemicals than routine hydraulic fracking, are more polluting and merit more attention from groups focused on fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parties on all sides of the issue say they have had discussions with Newsom’s staff since he took office. Leaders of the anti-drilling Leave It In The Ground campaign, who dogged Brown, and other groups are arguing that a fracking ban should be part of California’s overall strategy to reduce carbon emissions and improve public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are big-picture things, like stop approving new fossil-fuel projects and phase out oil and gas production,” said Kassie Siegel, a senior attorney at the environmental group Center for Biological Diversity. She said weaning California off fossil fuels should include retraining and re-employment of oil workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The powerful State Building and Construction Trades Council also has weighed in, swarming legislators in the Capitol this week, airing their concerns about job loss if California’s lawmakers “over-regulate” the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All sides are waiting for a clear message to emerge, but they won’t wait forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remain optimistic,” Siegel said, “that the Newsom administration will start protecting Californians instead of oil companies.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "During his campaign, Gov. Gavin Newsom said he supported a ban on fracking, the controversial oil extraction technique that pumps chemicals and water into underground rock. But since taking office and laying out his initial priorities, Newsom's been silent on the issue.",
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"description": "During his campaign, Gov. Gavin Newsom said he supported a ban on fracking, the controversial oil extraction technique that pumps chemicals and water into underground rock. But since taking office and laying out his initial priorities, Newsom's been silent on the issue.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has been deeply involved with the oil and gas business since the first wooden derricks were erected in sleepy Kern County in the 19th century. But these days California is flush with laws, regulations and goals that will likely cause the state to eventually sever its long relationship with fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the flashpoints in that still-evolving association is hydraulic fracturing—or fracking—the controversial high-pressure pumping of chemicals and water into underground rock to crack it open and release oil. Former Gov. Jerry Brown declined to ban fracking despite intense pressure from anti-oil activists but signed into law a requirement that all chemicals used in the process be disclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom, while campaigning for his new job, said he supported a ban. As lieutenant governor and a member of the State Lands Commission, Newsom signed a letter last year to the Trump administration, pushing back against a federal intent to reopen drilling off California’s coast. The commission said it would not approve permits for new pipelines or facilities that enabled offshore oil production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fossil fuel era is ending, and California is not interested in the boom-or-bust oil economy,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should the governor want to do away with fracking, he could issue an emergency order placing a moratorium on it. But the public hasn’t heard from Newsom on the issue as he has laid out his initial priorities, and his staff did not answer questions from CALmatters about his current leanings. He has made priorities of environmental justice, public health and other issues critical to the Central Valley, which is also the hub of California’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 20% of California’s oil is produced from fracked wells, according to the state. Still, opposition remains intense, with activists arguing that fracking endangers drinking water supplies, air quality and public health and imperils our oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of California counties and cities seem to agree, having passed ordinances banning the procedure, even where there is no oil drilling. And fracking has become a proxy for environmentalists’ push to ramp down new oil production, which has been declining in California for the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Al Muratsuchi said he would support a fracking ban but preferred to come at the issue more broadly, with legislation to address “all oil and gas development that [threatens] the health of children and families or our national monuments and other protected lands.” A Democrat from Torrance, he wants to bar any new construction of oil infrastructure on state land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate proposal, he would require that other new oil development, which could include fracking, be sited at least a half-mile from child care facilities, hospitals and residences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript id=\"infogram_0_1d754c82-efa5-4bc2-8882-3eb50ba5773e\" title=\"fracking\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed.js?rCT\" type=\"text/javascript\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I continue to believe … that the evidence is clear about the potential harmful impacts of fracking,” the legislator said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other pending bills would subject the oil industry to more regulation, including a severance tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the oil and gas industry, fracking bans are a thinly veiled assault on fossil fuels that could cripple California’s economy, throw thousands out of work and drive up the cost of gas at the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be irresponsible to ban hydraulic fracturing and other safe well-stimulation techniques in California,” said Catherine Reheis-Boyd, president of the Western States Petroleum Association, an industry group. “Californians consume all of the oil we produce under the strictest environmental protections on the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern fracking has been practiced in oil fields since the 1940s, but it burst into the national spotlight in the last decade when companies began unlocking troves of natural gas in underground shale. The technique for restarting decades-old wells has brought new life to the aging oil fields around Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking created a boom that made the United States the world’s biggest oil producer. The procedure is exempted from the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, which otherwise requires myriad testing and safety measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some parts of the country, evidence has emerged that waste fluids from fracking have contaminated drinking water, and swarms of earthquakes from fracking and other high-pressure injections—frackquakes—have bedeviled Oklahoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s unique geology—fracking occurs at shallower depths and probes a different type of strata—means the state has not experienced such problems on the same scale. And fracking in California requires much less water than in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabe Garcia runs the Bakersfield office of the federal Bureau of Land Management and oversees the U.S. government’s oil holdings in California, leasing about 200,000 acres for energy development. The Trump administration rescinded Obama-era federal fracking regulations; Garcia said that operators on federal leases in California get permits from the state and abide by California’s rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said the persistent intense criticism of fracking is unfounded. “A lot of it comes from people who are not experts in the field,” Garcia said. “They make their determinations based on what’s going on elsewhere in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s relatively strict fracking regulations, set in 2013, call for more scientific study of fracking and related practices and more careful permitting of well operations, in addition to requiring disclosure of chemicals. Even with that reporting requirement, public health officials say they have difficulty gauging the potential impact of fracking’s chemical stews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most comprehensive analysis of fracking in the state was conducted by the California Council on Science and Technology in 2015, as part of an examination of well-stimulation techniques. One of the report’s conclusions was that scientists were unable to determine fracking’s full effects on human health, the environment or groundwater because they don’t fully understand all the chemicals used or how they interact with one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Operators have unrestricted use of many hazardous … chemicals in hydraulic fracturing,” the report found. Some of the same chemicals are used in other oilfield procedures as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In terms of understanding the hazards and risk to human health and the environment, we have not gotten much further in our understanding of chemicals used in oil and gas in California,” added Seth Shonkoff, a public health scientist and one of the report’s lead authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New state rules took effect this month governing a routine and, to some, more troubling category of operations that includes high-pressure injections of steam or acid to rework or stimulate oil production or during maintenance. Those practices, according to Shonkoff and others, use more dangerous chemicals than routine hydraulic fracking, are more polluting and merit more attention from groups focused on fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parties on all sides of the issue say they have had discussions with Newsom’s staff since he took office. Leaders of the anti-drilling Leave It In The Ground campaign, who dogged Brown, and other groups are arguing that a fracking ban should be part of California’s overall strategy to reduce carbon emissions and improve public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are big-picture things, like stop approving new fossil-fuel projects and phase out oil and gas production,” said Kassie Siegel, a senior attorney at the environmental group Center for Biological Diversity. She said weaning California off fossil fuels should include retraining and re-employment of oil workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The powerful State Building and Construction Trades Council also has weighed in, swarming legislators in the Capitol this week, airing their concerns about job loss if California’s lawmakers “over-regulate” the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All sides are waiting for a clear message to emerge, but they won’t wait forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remain optimistic,” Siegel said, “that the Newsom administration will start protecting Californians instead of oil companies.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Big Ideas for How Cities Can Adapt to a Changing Climate",
"headTitle": "Big Ideas for How Cities Can Adapt to a Changing Climate | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Rising temperatures, rising sea levels, increased flooding and natural disasters are hallmarks of global climate change. As the effects of the warming climate become more acute, cities, where people, industry and development are densely packed, may be particularly impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘In the past if you wanted to think long-term, you thought long-term. Now if you want to think long-term, you get busy.’\u003ccite>Alex Steffen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869473/special-broadcast-future-of-cities-in-a-changing-climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Forum’s\u003c/a> Michael Krasny hosted a panel of guests at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nightofideassf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Night of Ideas\u003c/a> festival at the San Francisco Public Library to examine bold actions cities might take in the face of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests included a landscape architect, a futurist, a designer and a science fiction author. Here are some of their insights, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Act Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alex Steffen, \u003c/strong>planetary futurist, \u003ca href=\"https://thenearlynow.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Nearly Now\u003c/a>; author, “Carbon Zero: Imagining Cities that Can Save the Planet”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are in a planetary crisis and the choices we make in just the next few years will have profound implications for centuries and millennia. One of the difficult things to really grasp is how we’re used to thinking the world works — the speed of change that we tend to think is reasonable — is just right out the window. We’re now in a different world where change is fast. The impacts are very serious, and the stakes are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we want to think about the things that we need to do to make 200 years from now livable. In the past if you wanted to think long- term you thought long-term. Now if you want to think long-term you get busy; you go out there and start doing things. So much of the political fight around this is not really whether or not we will end up doing something, it’s how fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of people now who are recognizing that by acting much more quickly than we’re comfortable with we open up huge opportunities for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where do we begin and what big changes can we make?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alex Steffen\u003c/strong>: Build. That is at the top of the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a massive housing crisis here in the state in almost every city. We know that adding dense affordable green housing to cities is possible. And if we do it right, we can decrease auto dependence. We can drop emissions. And we can have the money to build the kinds of systems we are going to need to not only bring our CO2 down with clean energy, but also prepare for the very serious consequences that are already hitting our shores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Richard Kennedy, \u003c/strong>landscape architect; senior principal, James Corner Field Operations\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am absolutely an optimist about the pressures and challenges ahead. I think cities are where the action is, but they are also the most sustainable way of living. They’re compact and dense and tied to transit. But cities can be better. They can be healthier, they can be greener, and they can be more equitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think we all in some sense like being surrounded by people, being cheek to jowl with others. We go to popular restaurants and we come to events like this filled with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the solution is to actually make these housing projects and new development more compact, more dense, and to create more space that can be retained as nature, as green space, parks, trails, running spaces, playgrounds. And when the tides come in, these places get flooded. When storms come and rainwater comes from the hills, they get flooded. But when those storms stop and the tides recede, those places dry up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s just more dense but at the same time more green and I think more vibrant. It’s doing it in a way where you’re identifying where there’s space for green resources and where there’s space for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we do need to build. We do need to be creating those spaces where cities can grow and populations can live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annalee Newitz\u003c/strong>, author, “Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction; founder of \u003ca href=\"https://io9.gizmodo.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">io9\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think right now in the United States we have a model where most of our food is imported from another place. In San Franisco, we do have a whole locavore culture, which is kind of boutique food that’s grown locally, but most people get food that’s trucked or shipped in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of arguments have been made that if we want to reduce our carbon footprint, one way to do that is to try to have not necessarily farming on your roof, but farms located near the city. That would make the city or a set of cities able to sustain themselves within a local region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so you aren’t depending on truck routes, for example, to get your tomatoes or to get your oranges or to get your grapes. I don’t think we’re ever going to have a moment, at least in our lifetimes, where everyone in San Francisco is eating food only grown locally, but I think that that’s what we have to work toward\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s not just a technology problem; it’s also a ‘people problem\u003c/strong>‘\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Liz Ogbu, \u003c/strong>designer, urbanist; founder and princicpal, Studio O\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From an architecture perspective, we actually have the capacity to build better. We have made lots of advances in technology, and our buildings have a possibility of being carbon neutral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The buildings that we design today make a much lighter footprint on the Earth than the ones from many years ago. In Silicon Valley we can talk about what it might look like to have a city without cars. That is all within our grasp. I think the challenge, however, is that it is not just a technology problem; it’s also a people problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as an architect I can tell you the things designed to make that better city. But the other piece of it is: What are the things that keep people poor? What are the things that keep us leading a wasteful existence? Are we at the point where we’re ready to make those big sacrifices?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now most of us with privilege are causing harm for those who are without. So what are we willing to give up? What are we willing to spend more on, in terms of taxes or in terms of us completely re-configuring the ways in which we design our cities. Maybe it’s not having such huge sprawl. Maybe our cities need to be much more compact and we have to be willing to let go of having such a large footprint. We could have lots of green life all around. We can have no cars on this street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way that we’re going, those who have already benefited from the system the way it is now will probably be the ones who continue to benefit, and the poor will continue to remain poor unless we do something about changing our social systems. I think the city of the future may have Jetsons-like scenery, but you’re probably still going to have some homeless people on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cstrong>Annalee Newitz\u003c/strong>: \u003c/b> I think borders are the enemy of survival. And I mean that in many different ways. But I think that we are looking toward a future where there is going to be mass migration due to climate change and political instability. We’re going to have to be thinking about more than the questions around developing more places for them to live, which I think absolutely we do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what could the city of the future look like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cstrong>Annalee Newitz\u003c/strong>: \u003c/b>A lot of designers now are thinking about incorporating biological materials into city design. There’s a really interesting group in New York called \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelivingnewyork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Living\u003c/a>, and they’re working on the idea that maybe one day you would plant a seed and grow a house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a kind of extreme version of what they’re working on. But the idea would be that you might be able to build with living materials with semipermeable membranes and self-healing materials so that you wouldn’t have to just rip down your house and build a new one. It could work with the environment instead of against the environment. And I think that stuff is quite exciting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love the idea of a city which itself is alive, and also a city that maybe is built to contain nonhuman animals. We do live with animals all the time, but we don’t build our cities in harmony with them. I love the notion of a city that might build a migration pathway for animals to pass through because this is a huge issue in cities often, where we kind of wreck natural habitats and the natural pathways of the other animals that want to get through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learning from the past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cstrong>Annalee Newitz\u003c/strong>:\u003c/b> The past several years I’ve been visiting archaeological sites and talking with folks who work on ancient urban sites where people left. I looked at four cities in particular — \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/place/Pompeii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pompeii\u003c/a> was one of them. And you think you know why people left Pompeii. But actually it’s more complicated than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What really united all of these cities, one of which is 9,000 years old, is that people would start to leave those cities. They abandoned city life, often at great expense and personal cost, when there were environmental problems and infrastructure problems combined with political problems. And that’s pretty much the recipe for wrecking a city, when you combine those two things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of cities survive massive environmental problems, infrastructure that’s crumbling, if they have a healthy political or community structure. For example, Rome has survived thousands of years of political instability. But they have managed to maintain a healthy infrastructure through that time. So really what I found was that climate change and infrastructure maintenance are a huge theme throughout the history of cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think what history shows us is that as we look to the future we constantly have to weigh both the nuts and bolts of environmental sustainability and the more heady work of thinking through our political system and thinking through how we handle the most vulnerable people in our society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Start Locally\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Liz Ogbu:\u003c/strong> It’s been very interesting since this current administration came into power how all of a sudden you saw action happening at the city and at the state level. People stopped expecting the federal government to do stuff for us, and we started to invest more in our local systems and talk about how we can make change at that level. We need to double down on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you try to think about all of this stuff at the federal level, it’s almost too overwhelming. We just stop because it’s like there’s nothing we can do about that. Whereas at the local level we actually do have the capacity to start to make a change. And so if we start to talk about not just what are we passing but what are we doing to actually heal the social structures at the local level, we actually might have a chance of eventually making our way up to completely redoing what’s coming from the federal level\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "How can the city of the future be reimagined for living in the face of climate change?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rising temperatures, rising sea levels, increased flooding and natural disasters are hallmarks of global climate change. As the effects of the warming climate become more acute, cities, where people, industry and development are densely packed, may be particularly impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘In the past if you wanted to think long-term, you thought long-term. Now if you want to think long-term, you get busy.’\u003ccite>Alex Steffen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869473/special-broadcast-future-of-cities-in-a-changing-climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Forum’s\u003c/a> Michael Krasny hosted a panel of guests at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nightofideassf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Night of Ideas\u003c/a> festival at the San Francisco Public Library to examine bold actions cities might take in the face of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests included a landscape architect, a futurist, a designer and a science fiction author. Here are some of their insights, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Act Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alex Steffen, \u003c/strong>planetary futurist, \u003ca href=\"https://thenearlynow.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Nearly Now\u003c/a>; author, “Carbon Zero: Imagining Cities that Can Save the Planet”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are in a planetary crisis and the choices we make in just the next few years will have profound implications for centuries and millennia. One of the difficult things to really grasp is how we’re used to thinking the world works — the speed of change that we tend to think is reasonable — is just right out the window. We’re now in a different world where change is fast. The impacts are very serious, and the stakes are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we want to think about the things that we need to do to make 200 years from now livable. In the past if you wanted to think long- term you thought long-term. Now if you want to think long-term you get busy; you go out there and start doing things. So much of the political fight around this is not really whether or not we will end up doing something, it’s how fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of people now who are recognizing that by acting much more quickly than we’re comfortable with we open up huge opportunities for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where do we begin and what big changes can we make?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alex Steffen\u003c/strong>: Build. That is at the top of the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a massive housing crisis here in the state in almost every city. We know that adding dense affordable green housing to cities is possible. And if we do it right, we can decrease auto dependence. We can drop emissions. And we can have the money to build the kinds of systems we are going to need to not only bring our CO2 down with clean energy, but also prepare for the very serious consequences that are already hitting our shores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Richard Kennedy, \u003c/strong>landscape architect; senior principal, James Corner Field Operations\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am absolutely an optimist about the pressures and challenges ahead. I think cities are where the action is, but they are also the most sustainable way of living. They’re compact and dense and tied to transit. But cities can be better. They can be healthier, they can be greener, and they can be more equitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think we all in some sense like being surrounded by people, being cheek to jowl with others. We go to popular restaurants and we come to events like this filled with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the solution is to actually make these housing projects and new development more compact, more dense, and to create more space that can be retained as nature, as green space, parks, trails, running spaces, playgrounds. And when the tides come in, these places get flooded. When storms come and rainwater comes from the hills, they get flooded. But when those storms stop and the tides recede, those places dry up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s just more dense but at the same time more green and I think more vibrant. It’s doing it in a way where you’re identifying where there’s space for green resources and where there’s space for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we do need to build. We do need to be creating those spaces where cities can grow and populations can live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annalee Newitz\u003c/strong>, author, “Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction; founder of \u003ca href=\"https://io9.gizmodo.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">io9\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think right now in the United States we have a model where most of our food is imported from another place. In San Franisco, we do have a whole locavore culture, which is kind of boutique food that’s grown locally, but most people get food that’s trucked or shipped in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of arguments have been made that if we want to reduce our carbon footprint, one way to do that is to try to have not necessarily farming on your roof, but farms located near the city. That would make the city or a set of cities able to sustain themselves within a local region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so you aren’t depending on truck routes, for example, to get your tomatoes or to get your oranges or to get your grapes. I don’t think we’re ever going to have a moment, at least in our lifetimes, where everyone in San Francisco is eating food only grown locally, but I think that that’s what we have to work toward\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s not just a technology problem; it’s also a ‘people problem\u003c/strong>‘\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Liz Ogbu, \u003c/strong>designer, urbanist; founder and princicpal, Studio O\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From an architecture perspective, we actually have the capacity to build better. We have made lots of advances in technology, and our buildings have a possibility of being carbon neutral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The buildings that we design today make a much lighter footprint on the Earth than the ones from many years ago. In Silicon Valley we can talk about what it might look like to have a city without cars. That is all within our grasp. I think the challenge, however, is that it is not just a technology problem; it’s also a people problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as an architect I can tell you the things designed to make that better city. But the other piece of it is: What are the things that keep people poor? What are the things that keep us leading a wasteful existence? Are we at the point where we’re ready to make those big sacrifices?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now most of us with privilege are causing harm for those who are without. So what are we willing to give up? What are we willing to spend more on, in terms of taxes or in terms of us completely re-configuring the ways in which we design our cities. Maybe it’s not having such huge sprawl. Maybe our cities need to be much more compact and we have to be willing to let go of having such a large footprint. We could have lots of green life all around. We can have no cars on this street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way that we’re going, those who have already benefited from the system the way it is now will probably be the ones who continue to benefit, and the poor will continue to remain poor unless we do something about changing our social systems. I think the city of the future may have Jetsons-like scenery, but you’re probably still going to have some homeless people on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cstrong>Annalee Newitz\u003c/strong>: \u003c/b> I think borders are the enemy of survival. And I mean that in many different ways. But I think that we are looking toward a future where there is going to be mass migration due to climate change and political instability. We’re going to have to be thinking about more than the questions around developing more places for them to live, which I think absolutely we do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what could the city of the future look like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cstrong>Annalee Newitz\u003c/strong>: \u003c/b>A lot of designers now are thinking about incorporating biological materials into city design. There’s a really interesting group in New York called \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelivingnewyork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Living\u003c/a>, and they’re working on the idea that maybe one day you would plant a seed and grow a house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a kind of extreme version of what they’re working on. But the idea would be that you might be able to build with living materials with semipermeable membranes and self-healing materials so that you wouldn’t have to just rip down your house and build a new one. It could work with the environment instead of against the environment. And I think that stuff is quite exciting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love the idea of a city which itself is alive, and also a city that maybe is built to contain nonhuman animals. We do live with animals all the time, but we don’t build our cities in harmony with them. I love the notion of a city that might build a migration pathway for animals to pass through because this is a huge issue in cities often, where we kind of wreck natural habitats and the natural pathways of the other animals that want to get through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learning from the past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cstrong>Annalee Newitz\u003c/strong>:\u003c/b> The past several years I’ve been visiting archaeological sites and talking with folks who work on ancient urban sites where people left. I looked at four cities in particular — \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/place/Pompeii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pompeii\u003c/a> was one of them. And you think you know why people left Pompeii. But actually it’s more complicated than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What really united all of these cities, one of which is 9,000 years old, is that people would start to leave those cities. They abandoned city life, often at great expense and personal cost, when there were environmental problems and infrastructure problems combined with political problems. And that’s pretty much the recipe for wrecking a city, when you combine those two things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of cities survive massive environmental problems, infrastructure that’s crumbling, if they have a healthy political or community structure. For example, Rome has survived thousands of years of political instability. But they have managed to maintain a healthy infrastructure through that time. So really what I found was that climate change and infrastructure maintenance are a huge theme throughout the history of cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think what history shows us is that as we look to the future we constantly have to weigh both the nuts and bolts of environmental sustainability and the more heady work of thinking through our political system and thinking through how we handle the most vulnerable people in our society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Start Locally\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Liz Ogbu:\u003c/strong> It’s been very interesting since this current administration came into power how all of a sudden you saw action happening at the city and at the state level. People stopped expecting the federal government to do stuff for us, and we started to invest more in our local systems and talk about how we can make change at that level. We need to double down on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you try to think about all of this stuff at the federal level, it’s almost too overwhelming. We just stop because it’s like there’s nothing we can do about that. Whereas at the local level we actually do have the capacity to start to make a change. And so if we start to talk about not just what are we passing but what are we doing to actually heal the social structures at the local level, we actually might have a chance of eventually making our way up to completely redoing what’s coming from the federal level\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Electric Car Racing Targets Tech-Savvy Millennials",
"headTitle": "Electric Car Racing Targets Tech-Savvy Millennials | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The new NASCAR racing season has kicked into high gear with the Daytona 500, and some fans are already counting down to the Indianapolis 500 on Memorial Day weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But look out: Coming up in the rearview mirror behind these well-established racing traditions is a relatively new circuit known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.fiaformulae.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Formula E\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “E” stands for the all-electric cars that run on international courses. Promoters are hoping the vehicles will redefine motorsports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1938028\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: Formula-E car cornering\" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479.jpg 770w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not quite as fast on the straightaway, Formula E electric cars rival the conventionally powered Formula One racers in acceleration. \u003ccite>(FIA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Formula E cars look something like \u003ca href=\"https://montrealgrandprix.com/news/whats-difference-indy-formula-one-nascar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Formula One or Indy\u003c/a> cars, though the newest generation of Formula-E cars resemble the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=batmobile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Batmobile\u003c/a> more than anything else. From a dead stop, they can hit 60 mph in about 2.7 seconds. That’s pretty competitive with the turbocharged V-6 rolling rockets of F1, which are generally reckoned to have the quickest acceleration in racing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let’s face it — for generations of race fans, it’s not just about the speed and the danger; it’s the \u003ci>sound\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many, it seems like a stretch that the whining shriek of electric cars could replace the thrum and roar of internal combustion as the signature sound of motor sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a whine and a whoosh,” says Sonoma Raceway CEO Steve Page. “That is a different sound, and you’ll probably need a younger generation to grow up with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8YB8-Rt5aY&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma Raceway has hosted all manner of motorsports. NASCAR still has a stop at Sonoma, but IndyCar just wasn’t profitable for the track, so Page gave up on it after last season. He can envision that slot one day being filled by Formula E, but like many, he wonders if cars that sound like electric drills can build a U.S. fan base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the big unknown,” says Page. “One of the things about motor racing is that visceral appeal of the sound — that sense of speed and vibration. And power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Race to the Future\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bob Koveleski is betting on just that. At the Global Climate Summit in San Francisco last fall, he was showing off a sleek, white Formula-E car from the Mahindra Racing Team, where he is director of strategic partnerships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a race to the future,” he declares. “We go to cities around the world, cities that are conscientious about sustainable-renewable. And really, what we’re doing is promoting EVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fiaformulae.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FIA-sanctioned Formula E\u003c/a> entrepreneurs build temporary street courses, usually right downtown, pulling in tech-savvy urban millennials to watch the races. There’s even a crowdsourcing element called “Fan Boost,” in which race fans can vote to give their favorite drivers an extra jolt of electric power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major automakers like Audi, Mercedes and Nissan are on board and have supplied most of the financial fuel so far. Ford recently announced that it’s eyeballing Formula E for the near future, citing the clear direction of personal transportation. The technology developed for the track will quickly find its way into dealer showrooms and the EVs Ford and others will be selling in years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>International Flair\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formula E has already built a globetrotting cachet, boasting races in \u003ca href=\"https://www.fiaformulae.com/en/championship/race-calendar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a dozen cities\u003c/a> from Switzerland to Saudi Arabia. So far, there is only one U.S. stop on the circuit: New York, in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma seems like a natural fit, situated as it is in the high-tech mecca of the Bay Area. The track is also unusual in that it features hills, which would be a good test for electrics. But Formula E has so far chosen to snub traditional suburban race tracks, possibly part of its strategy to attract young urbanites, many of whom, somewhat ironically, don’t drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The demographic is younger, they’re more high-tech,” says Koveleski. “You’re not gonna get a guy who’s watching NASCAR to watch Formula E.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watching Formula E does take some getting used to. Instead of turbo-boost and RPM, announcers talk about turning up the kilowatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hear a lot of gearbox noise,” says Max Martin, a race mechanic at \u003ca href=\"https://www.lizardms.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flying Lizard Motorsports\u003c/a>, based at Sonoma Raceway. His comment seems like a sneer at the squeal of Formula E compared to the roar of the 10-cylinder Audi he was revving up in the shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at 28, Martin is not too set in his ways to be convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still like the raw power of the V-10s and the V-8s and the turbo cars,” he says, “But it’s all racing. It’s all got four wheels and a motor; it’s all good stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the beginning, everybody laughed at us,” recalls Formula E pioneer Lucas di Grassi, in a promotional video. “Then they started criticizing, and now they join.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So … drivers, throw your switches?\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzoNtieZego&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The new NASCAR racing season has kicked into high gear with the Daytona 500, and some fans are already counting down to the Indianapolis 500 on Memorial Day weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But look out: Coming up in the rearview mirror behind these well-established racing traditions is a relatively new circuit known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.fiaformulae.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Formula E\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “E” stands for the all-electric cars that run on international courses. Promoters are hoping the vehicles will redefine motorsports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1938028\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: Formula-E car cornering\" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479.jpg 770w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/03419002_479-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not quite as fast on the straightaway, Formula E electric cars rival the conventionally powered Formula One racers in acceleration. \u003ccite>(FIA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Formula E cars look something like \u003ca href=\"https://montrealgrandprix.com/news/whats-difference-indy-formula-one-nascar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Formula One or Indy\u003c/a> cars, though the newest generation of Formula-E cars resemble the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=batmobile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Batmobile\u003c/a> more than anything else. From a dead stop, they can hit 60 mph in about 2.7 seconds. That’s pretty competitive with the turbocharged V-6 rolling rockets of F1, which are generally reckoned to have the quickest acceleration in racing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let’s face it — for generations of race fans, it’s not just about the speed and the danger; it’s the \u003ci>sound\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To many, it seems like a stretch that the whining shriek of electric cars could replace the thrum and roar of internal combustion as the signature sound of motor sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a whine and a whoosh,” says Sonoma Raceway CEO Steve Page. “That is a different sound, and you’ll probably need a younger generation to grow up with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/K8YB8-Rt5aY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/K8YB8-Rt5aY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma Raceway has hosted all manner of motorsports. NASCAR still has a stop at Sonoma, but IndyCar just wasn’t profitable for the track, so Page gave up on it after last season. He can envision that slot one day being filled by Formula E, but like many, he wonders if cars that sound like electric drills can build a U.S. fan base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the big unknown,” says Page. “One of the things about motor racing is that visceral appeal of the sound — that sense of speed and vibration. And power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Race to the Future\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bob Koveleski is betting on just that. At the Global Climate Summit in San Francisco last fall, he was showing off a sleek, white Formula-E car from the Mahindra Racing Team, where he is director of strategic partnerships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a race to the future,” he declares. “We go to cities around the world, cities that are conscientious about sustainable-renewable. And really, what we’re doing is promoting EVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fiaformulae.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FIA-sanctioned Formula E\u003c/a> entrepreneurs build temporary street courses, usually right downtown, pulling in tech-savvy urban millennials to watch the races. There’s even a crowdsourcing element called “Fan Boost,” in which race fans can vote to give their favorite drivers an extra jolt of electric power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major automakers like Audi, Mercedes and Nissan are on board and have supplied most of the financial fuel so far. Ford recently announced that it’s eyeballing Formula E for the near future, citing the clear direction of personal transportation. The technology developed for the track will quickly find its way into dealer showrooms and the EVs Ford and others will be selling in years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>International Flair\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formula E has already built a globetrotting cachet, boasting races in \u003ca href=\"https://www.fiaformulae.com/en/championship/race-calendar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a dozen cities\u003c/a> from Switzerland to Saudi Arabia. So far, there is only one U.S. stop on the circuit: New York, in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma seems like a natural fit, situated as it is in the high-tech mecca of the Bay Area. The track is also unusual in that it features hills, which would be a good test for electrics. But Formula E has so far chosen to snub traditional suburban race tracks, possibly part of its strategy to attract young urbanites, many of whom, somewhat ironically, don’t drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The demographic is younger, they’re more high-tech,” says Koveleski. “You’re not gonna get a guy who’s watching NASCAR to watch Formula E.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watching Formula E does take some getting used to. Instead of turbo-boost and RPM, announcers talk about turning up the kilowatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hear a lot of gearbox noise,” says Max Martin, a race mechanic at \u003ca href=\"https://www.lizardms.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flying Lizard Motorsports\u003c/a>, based at Sonoma Raceway. His comment seems like a sneer at the squeal of Formula E compared to the roar of the 10-cylinder Audi he was revving up in the shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at 28, Martin is not too set in his ways to be convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still like the raw power of the V-10s and the V-8s and the turbo cars,” he says, “But it’s all racing. It’s all got four wheels and a motor; it’s all good stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the beginning, everybody laughed at us,” recalls Formula E pioneer Lucas di Grassi, in a promotional video. “Then they started criticizing, and now they join.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So … drivers, throw your switches?\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rzoNtieZego'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rzoNtieZego'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California’s Big Climate Plans Could Be in Hands of PG&E Bankruptcy Judge",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bankruptcy lawyers began hashing out the future of PG&E in court this week, but the battle over billions of dollars in renewable energy power is already well underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar and wind companies, concerned that PG&E will be paying them less or even nothing in the future, have launched a preemptive strike, asking federal regulators to step in to protect their deals with PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is one of the largest buyers of renewable energy in the country, driven by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the ambitious climate change goals\u003c/a> California has adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the state passed a law requiring utilities to get 20 percent of their electricity from sources like solar and wind. Last year\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> the state put utilities on the hook for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100 percent clean energy\u003c/a> by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made them our essential clean energy partners,” says Ralph Cavanagh, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “A federal bankruptcy judge has the ability to disrupt that in many ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In bankruptcy proceedings, the judge takes stock of all the debts a company has and then determines how its limited funds are paid out. One possibility is either reducing or rejecting some of the almost 300 renewable energy contracts on PG&E’s books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suddenly those are at risk,” says Cavanagh. “That’s causing consternation across the renewable energy sector, understandably.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of PG&E’s solar contracts date back more than a decade, when the technology was relatively expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contracts that PG&E signed were some of the richest and highest price contracts we’ve seen for clean energy to date in the U.S.,” says Ethan Zindler, an analyst with Bloomberg New Energy Finance. “The price of renewables has dropped really dramatically since when they signed these contracts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its bankruptcy filing, PG&E claims some of the credit for helping renewable energy come of age, saying its contracts “contributed to significant price reductions for renewable energy resources currently available in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PG&E is still paying out those contracts, which can last 15 to 20 years. The bankruptcy judge could potentially seek to change their terms or prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could undermine confidence in California as a clean energy market going forward,” says Zindler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, several renewable energy projects have seen their credit ratings downgraded because of their contracts with PG&E, including NextEra Energy’s Genesis Solar Energy Project, located in the Mojave Desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an earning’s call last week, NextEra sought to reassure investors its PG&E contracts wouldn’t impact its bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if all of that cash is trapped, we expect to be able to meet our financial expectations,” said NextEra CFO John Ketchum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company went on the offense, too. It asked federal regulators at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, we are not going to sit on our heels,” said Ketchum. “We’re going to pursue all avenues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FERC oversees power contracts across state lines, and on Friday it asserted it has a role to play, writing, “this Commission and the bankruptcy courts have concurrent jurisdiction to review and address the disposition of wholesale power contracts sought to be rejected through bankruptcy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E responded by asking the bankruptcy court to declare its exclusive jurisdiction, to prevent “irreparable harm” to PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s going to be the jurisdictional fight,” says Catharine Sandoval, law professor at Santa Clara University and a former state energy regulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other utility cases, “this has been a tussle that’s been playing out in bankruptcy courts all over the nation,” she says. Some bankruptcy courts have decided to leave power contracts alone, while others have amended them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval expects to see California also enter the jurisdictional battle in order to protect its renewable energy goals. Achieving them would be unlikely without the full participation of the state’s biggest utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They might argue: ‘Wait, judge, we have adopted in California a number of laws regarding environmental protection. And the bankruptcy law gives you no authority to displace that,’” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If PG&E’s last bankruptcy is any guide, a judge may decide to preserve the environmental programs. In 2001, PG&E’s energy efficiency spending was left untouched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not automatic,” cautions Cavanagh. “With a limited amount of money available to pay claims, nothing is certain, and that’s one of the reasons you want to stay out of bankruptcy proceedings. Everyone loses.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bankruptcy lawyers began hashing out the future of PG&E in court this week, but the battle over billions of dollars in renewable energy power is already well underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar and wind companies, concerned that PG&E will be paying them less or even nothing in the future, have launched a preemptive strike, asking federal regulators to step in to protect their deals with PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is one of the largest buyers of renewable energy in the country, driven by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the ambitious climate change goals\u003c/a> California has adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the state passed a law requiring utilities to get 20 percent of their electricity from sources like solar and wind. Last year\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> the state put utilities on the hook for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100 percent clean energy\u003c/a> by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made them our essential clean energy partners,” says Ralph Cavanagh, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “A federal bankruptcy judge has the ability to disrupt that in many ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In bankruptcy proceedings, the judge takes stock of all the debts a company has and then determines how its limited funds are paid out. One possibility is either reducing or rejecting some of the almost 300 renewable energy contracts on PG&E’s books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suddenly those are at risk,” says Cavanagh. “That’s causing consternation across the renewable energy sector, understandably.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of PG&E’s solar contracts date back more than a decade, when the technology was relatively expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contracts that PG&E signed were some of the richest and highest price contracts we’ve seen for clean energy to date in the U.S.,” says Ethan Zindler, an analyst with Bloomberg New Energy Finance. “The price of renewables has dropped really dramatically since when they signed these contracts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its bankruptcy filing, PG&E claims some of the credit for helping renewable energy come of age, saying its contracts “contributed to significant price reductions for renewable energy resources currently available in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PG&E is still paying out those contracts, which can last 15 to 20 years. The bankruptcy judge could potentially seek to change their terms or prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could undermine confidence in California as a clean energy market going forward,” says Zindler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, several renewable energy projects have seen their credit ratings downgraded because of their contracts with PG&E, including NextEra Energy’s Genesis Solar Energy Project, located in the Mojave Desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an earning’s call last week, NextEra sought to reassure investors its PG&E contracts wouldn’t impact its bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if all of that cash is trapped, we expect to be able to meet our financial expectations,” said NextEra CFO John Ketchum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company went on the offense, too. It asked federal regulators at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, we are not going to sit on our heels,” said Ketchum. “We’re going to pursue all avenues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FERC oversees power contracts across state lines, and on Friday it asserted it has a role to play, writing, “this Commission and the bankruptcy courts have concurrent jurisdiction to review and address the disposition of wholesale power contracts sought to be rejected through bankruptcy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E responded by asking the bankruptcy court to declare its exclusive jurisdiction, to prevent “irreparable harm” to PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s going to be the jurisdictional fight,” says Catharine Sandoval, law professor at Santa Clara University and a former state energy regulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other utility cases, “this has been a tussle that’s been playing out in bankruptcy courts all over the nation,” she says. Some bankruptcy courts have decided to leave power contracts alone, while others have amended them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandoval expects to see California also enter the jurisdictional battle in order to protect its renewable energy goals. Achieving them would be unlikely without the full participation of the state’s biggest utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They might argue: ‘Wait, judge, we have adopted in California a number of laws regarding environmental protection. And the bankruptcy law gives you no authority to displace that,’” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If PG&E’s last bankruptcy is any guide, a judge may decide to preserve the environmental programs. In 2001, PG&E’s energy efficiency spending was left untouched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not automatic,” cautions Cavanagh. “With a limited amount of money available to pay claims, nothing is certain, and that’s one of the reasons you want to stay out of bankruptcy proceedings. Everyone loses.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Approves Plan to Clean Up Central Valley's Toxic Air",
"headTitle": "California Approves Plan to Clean Up Central Valley’s Toxic Air | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/CARB/bulletins/22a833b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced \u003c/a>it’s moving forward with a plan to clean up the toxic air that plagues the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region, which stretches from roughly Stockton to Bakersfield through the middle of the state, suffers some of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/13/california-san-joaquin-valley-porterville-pollution-poverty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> most dangerous air quality\u003c/a> in the country. \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40894933_Outdoor_air_pollution_and_uncontrolled_asthma_in_the_San_Joaquin_Valley_California\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asthma\u003c/a> and asthma-related hospitalization rates in the San Joaquin Valley are among the highest in the state, particularly in children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major culprit is fine particulate pollution, known as PM2.5, made up of tiny particles like soot, dust or sulfates floating through the air. These particles are \u003cem>2.5 \u003c/em>or fewer micrometers in diameter and are typically produced by the burning of carbon-based fuel. Not only does the San Joaquin Valley have the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\">wors\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\">t \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particle pollution\u003c/a> in California, it’s also the among the worst nationally, failing to meet four federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']“The San Joaquin Valley has had a longstanding challenge in meeting the federal air quality standards for fine particulate,” says Michael Benjamin, chief of CARB’s Air Quality Planning and Science Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region is still struggling to meet PM2.5 standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1997 and since revised. Due to it’s history of noncompliance, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/a> is required to draft a plan to meet the requirements and submit it to CARB, the state’s clean air agency, which must approve it before passing it on to the EPA for federal approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the combination of agricultural emissions as well as those from the high volume of trucks moving through the region makes it a hot spot for these pollutants. In addition, the valley’s hot, dry summers followed by cool winters trap pollutants in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly half of the fine particulate pollution in the region is the product of burning fuels like gasoline and diesel. The other half is primarily from wood smoke and dust, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/sjvpm25/2018plan/2018pm25staffreport.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to CARB\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the American Lung Association, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/ALAC_SJV-fact-sheet_042216.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> health risks\u003c/a> associated with particle pollution include asthma attacks, heart attacks, stroke, cancer and harm to developmental and reproductive systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s new plan, which the district drafted with input from CARB and environmental advocacy groups, combines both regulations and financial incentives, with the goal of meeting federal clean air standards by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan lays outs tighter restrictions on heavy-duty truck emissions, wood-burning stoves, oil refineries and commercial charbroiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the plan will also rely heavily on the use of incentives to encourage owners of trucks and tractors to move to new, “cleaner equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re telling people, ‘Okay you need to replace your tractor maybe 10 years sooner than you would otherwise. But if you do that, we will provide 50 percent or more funding to offset the cost of that new piece of equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to turn over 12,000 tractors and 33,000 trucks in the process. But it’s still unclear where the funding will come from to pay for the incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s plan calls for the allocation of $5 billion spread across the next five years to get the San Joaquin Valley up to code by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concern of a lot of people is that it relies on the governor and the Legislature allocating funds for this every year,” Benjamin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Magavern, policy director for the Coalition for Clean Air, an advocacy group, says his organization is “skeptical” of the financial feasibility of the state’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re relying on levels of incentive money that have not been available in the past, and are unlikely to be available in the future,” Magavern says. “If that money doesn’t materialize, then there’s going to be a gap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, the Coalition for Clean Air advised CARB to reject a previous plan by the district to meet federal standards for particulate pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought what was presented in 2016 was really just a ‘business as usual’ plan,” Magavern says. “We thought that was unacceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new version goes a lot further, Magavern says the coalition pushed for even tighter standards in order “to have more certainty in bringing down the emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magavern says the San Joaquin Valley’s oil and gas industry should be more heavily regulated for their contributions to the region’s pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a long effort to try to get the pollution under control and there’s been some progress,” Magavern says, “But we’re definitely not where we need to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While CARB signed off on the district’s plan on Thursday, the EPA approval process could take at least several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But CARB’s Benjamin says the state won’t wait for the federal government to weigh in before starting to implement the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to hit our target,” he says, “We’re going to need to just move forward in real-world terms—taking these actions, passing these regulations, passing out money, finding money, turning over equipment and doing all of this regardless of the bureaucratic process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the region has made significant progress in recent years. Many of the regulatory measures put forth in the plan have already been adopted by CARB, and others could be put into effect as early as late 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of the emissions reductions that are going to be needed to achieve clean air has already been adopted by CARB’s board,” Benjamin says. “So what was acted on Thursday was the final 10 percent of emission reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/CARB/bulletins/22a833b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced \u003c/a>it’s moving forward with a plan to clean up the toxic air that plagues the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region, which stretches from roughly Stockton to Bakersfield through the middle of the state, suffers some of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/13/california-san-joaquin-valley-porterville-pollution-poverty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> most dangerous air quality\u003c/a> in the country. \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40894933_Outdoor_air_pollution_and_uncontrolled_asthma_in_the_San_Joaquin_Valley_California\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asthma\u003c/a> and asthma-related hospitalization rates in the San Joaquin Valley are among the highest in the state, particularly in children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major culprit is fine particulate pollution, known as PM2.5, made up of tiny particles like soot, dust or sulfates floating through the air. These particles are \u003cem>2.5 \u003c/em>or fewer micrometers in diameter and are typically produced by the burning of carbon-based fuel. Not only does the San Joaquin Valley have the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\">wors\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\">t \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/state-of-the-air/2018/sota-2018-statewide-press-english.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particle pollution\u003c/a> in California, it’s also the among the worst nationally, failing to meet four federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The San Joaquin Valley has had a longstanding challenge in meeting the federal air quality standards for fine particulate,” says Michael Benjamin, chief of CARB’s Air Quality Planning and Science Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The region is still struggling to meet PM2.5 standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1997 and since revised. Due to it’s history of noncompliance, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/a> is required to draft a plan to meet the requirements and submit it to CARB, the state’s clean air agency, which must approve it before passing it on to the EPA for federal approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the combination of agricultural emissions as well as those from the high volume of trucks moving through the region makes it a hot spot for these pollutants. In addition, the valley’s hot, dry summers followed by cool winters trap pollutants in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly half of the fine particulate pollution in the region is the product of burning fuels like gasoline and diesel. The other half is primarily from wood smoke and dust, \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/sjvpm25/2018plan/2018pm25staffreport.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to CARB\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the American Lung Association, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/local-content/california/documents/ALAC_SJV-fact-sheet_042216.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> health risks\u003c/a> associated with particle pollution include asthma attacks, heart attacks, stroke, cancer and harm to developmental and reproductive systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s new plan, which the district drafted with input from CARB and environmental advocacy groups, combines both regulations and financial incentives, with the goal of meeting federal clean air standards by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan lays outs tighter restrictions on heavy-duty truck emissions, wood-burning stoves, oil refineries and commercial charbroiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the plan will also rely heavily on the use of incentives to encourage owners of trucks and tractors to move to new, “cleaner equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re telling people, ‘Okay you need to replace your tractor maybe 10 years sooner than you would otherwise. But if you do that, we will provide 50 percent or more funding to offset the cost of that new piece of equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to turn over 12,000 tractors and 33,000 trucks in the process. But it’s still unclear where the funding will come from to pay for the incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s plan calls for the allocation of $5 billion spread across the next five years to get the San Joaquin Valley up to code by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concern of a lot of people is that it relies on the governor and the Legislature allocating funds for this every year,” Benjamin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Magavern, policy director for the Coalition for Clean Air, an advocacy group, says his organization is “skeptical” of the financial feasibility of the state’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re relying on levels of incentive money that have not been available in the past, and are unlikely to be available in the future,” Magavern says. “If that money doesn’t materialize, then there’s going to be a gap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, the Coalition for Clean Air advised CARB to reject a previous plan by the district to meet federal standards for particulate pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought what was presented in 2016 was really just a ‘business as usual’ plan,” Magavern says. “We thought that was unacceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new version goes a lot further, Magavern says the coalition pushed for even tighter standards in order “to have more certainty in bringing down the emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magavern says the San Joaquin Valley’s oil and gas industry should be more heavily regulated for their contributions to the region’s pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a long effort to try to get the pollution under control and there’s been some progress,” Magavern says, “But we’re definitely not where we need to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While CARB signed off on the district’s plan on Thursday, the EPA approval process could take at least several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But CARB’s Benjamin says the state won’t wait for the federal government to weigh in before starting to implement the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to hit our target,” he says, “We’re going to need to just move forward in real-world terms—taking these actions, passing these regulations, passing out money, finding money, turning over equipment and doing all of this regardless of the bureaucratic process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin says the region has made significant progress in recent years. Many of the regulatory measures put forth in the plan have already been adopted by CARB, and others could be put into effect as early as late 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of the emissions reductions that are going to be needed to achieve clean air has already been adopted by CARB’s board,” Benjamin says. “So what was acted on Thursday was the final 10 percent of emission reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Will Require Solar Panels on New Homes Starting in 2020",
"headTitle": "California Will Require Solar Panels on New Homes Starting in 2020 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Solar panels will be a required feature on new houses in California, after the state’s Building Standards Commission gave final approval to a housing rule that’s the first of its kind in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Set to take effect in 2020, the new standard includes an exemption for houses that are often shaded from the sun. It also includes incentives for people to add a high-capacity battery to their home’s electrical system, to store the sun’s energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These provisions really are historic and will be a beacon of light for the rest of the country,” said commissioner Kent Sasaki, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/12/06/california-officially-adopts-solar-requirement-for-new-homes-built-in-2020-or-later/\">The Mercury News\u003c/a>. “[It’s] the beginning of substantial improvement in how we produce energy and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule marks a new phase in California’s environmental policies, which have often set trends and established standards nationwide. The state has set the goal of drawing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/10/646373423/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-renewable-electric-power-by-2045\">100 percent of its electricity\u003c/a> from renewable energy sources and sharply reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar panels rule was initially endorsed as part of the state’s Green Building Standards Code by the California Energy Commission back in May. In a public hearing on Wednesday, the Building Standards Commission heard opinions on the change before approving it — the final step in adding the requirement to the state’s building code. The vote was unanimous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Single-family homes and multi-family buildings that are up to three stories high must conform to the new solar power standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“New homes that are built under these standards are expected to use 53 percent less energy than our last standards” from 2016, said Drew Bohan, executive director of the energy commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state predicts that mandatory solar panel installations and other new improvements will add nearly $10,000 in the upfront cost of a home — a cost that officials say will balance out over time, due to lower electricity bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A homeowner will save $19,000 over the course of a 30-year mortgage, Bohan said at Wednesday’s meeting of the building commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2020, California homebuyers will have the option of either paying for solar panels outright, leasing them, or entering a power purchase agreement with developers. Another option is for communities to “pool resources instead of installing solar on individual homes,” Bohan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With extreme weather events becoming more frequent, there is even greater need for homes that are efficient, reliable and resilient,” Bohan said, adding that the standards will result in buildings that “will continue to keep costs down, better withstand the impacts of climate change, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speakers at Wednesday’s session mentioned the recent devastating wildfire in Butte County several times — as the type of case where solar panels and batteries could help people who face extended power outages from natural disasters, as well as an example of when state building and energy officials would need to help speed up wholesale rebuilding efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new rule has given solar panels a boost after the state’s installers \u003ca href=\"https://www.woodmac.com/research/products/power-and-renewables/us-solar-market-insight/\">saw a slump in 2017\u003c/a>, it is also been criticized for adding to home prices in a market that is already expensive. But to an extent, Wednesday’s meeting was largely a formality, focusing on whether the energy panel’s process for creating the rule was correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite worries that the solar power mandate could have an immediate impact not only on home buyers but on real estate developers and agents, the new rule has been largely supported by industry groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the energy commission’s May hearing where public comments and trade groups were also heard from, “the majority of those present, which included environmental groups, solar companies, and utilities, voiced their strong support for the new standards,” as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923652/in-a-first-california-set-to-require-solar-panels-on-all-new-homes\">member station KQED reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California hopes to achieve its carbon-neutral energy status within 30 years; in September, the California Energy Commission said the state is currently at 32 percent of achieving that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 40 years, Bohan said, the state’s energy policies have saved residents billions of dollars and helped California rein in per capita energy consumption more effectively than the rest of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Single and small multi-family homes must include solar panels starting in 2020. Recent extreme weather events such as wildfires and drought make the need clear, a state official says.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Solar panels will be a required feature on new houses in California, after the state’s Building Standards Commission gave final approval to a housing rule that’s the first of its kind in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Set to take effect in 2020, the new standard includes an exemption for houses that are often shaded from the sun. It also includes incentives for people to add a high-capacity battery to their home’s electrical system, to store the sun’s energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These provisions really are historic and will be a beacon of light for the rest of the country,” said commissioner Kent Sasaki, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/12/06/california-officially-adopts-solar-requirement-for-new-homes-built-in-2020-or-later/\">The Mercury News\u003c/a>. “[It’s] the beginning of substantial improvement in how we produce energy and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule marks a new phase in California’s environmental policies, which have often set trends and established standards nationwide. The state has set the goal of drawing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/10/646373423/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-renewable-electric-power-by-2045\">100 percent of its electricity\u003c/a> from renewable energy sources and sharply reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar panels rule was initially endorsed as part of the state’s Green Building Standards Code by the California Energy Commission back in May. In a public hearing on Wednesday, the Building Standards Commission heard opinions on the change before approving it — the final step in adding the requirement to the state’s building code. The vote was unanimous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Single-family homes and multi-family buildings that are up to three stories high must conform to the new solar power standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“New homes that are built under these standards are expected to use 53 percent less energy than our last standards” from 2016, said Drew Bohan, executive director of the energy commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state predicts that mandatory solar panel installations and other new improvements will add nearly $10,000 in the upfront cost of a home — a cost that officials say will balance out over time, due to lower electricity bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A homeowner will save $19,000 over the course of a 30-year mortgage, Bohan said at Wednesday’s meeting of the building commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2020, California homebuyers will have the option of either paying for solar panels outright, leasing them, or entering a power purchase agreement with developers. Another option is for communities to “pool resources instead of installing solar on individual homes,” Bohan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With extreme weather events becoming more frequent, there is even greater need for homes that are efficient, reliable and resilient,” Bohan said, adding that the standards will result in buildings that “will continue to keep costs down, better withstand the impacts of climate change, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speakers at Wednesday’s session mentioned the recent devastating wildfire in Butte County several times — as the type of case where solar panels and batteries could help people who face extended power outages from natural disasters, as well as an example of when state building and energy officials would need to help speed up wholesale rebuilding efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new rule has given solar panels a boost after the state’s installers \u003ca href=\"https://www.woodmac.com/research/products/power-and-renewables/us-solar-market-insight/\">saw a slump in 2017\u003c/a>, it is also been criticized for adding to home prices in a market that is already expensive. But to an extent, Wednesday’s meeting was largely a formality, focusing on whether the energy panel’s process for creating the rule was correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite worries that the solar power mandate could have an immediate impact not only on home buyers but on real estate developers and agents, the new rule has been largely supported by industry groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the energy commission’s May hearing where public comments and trade groups were also heard from, “the majority of those present, which included environmental groups, solar companies, and utilities, voiced their strong support for the new standards,” as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923652/in-a-first-california-set-to-require-solar-panels-on-all-new-homes\">member station KQED reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California hopes to achieve its carbon-neutral energy status within 30 years; in September, the California Energy Commission said the state is currently at 32 percent of achieving that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 40 years, Bohan said, the state’s energy policies have saved residents billions of dollars and helped California rein in per capita energy consumption more effectively than the rest of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Measure G: San Luis Obispo Voters Reject a Ban on Fracking and New Oil Drilling",
"headTitle": "Measure G: San Luis Obispo Voters Reject a Ban on Fracking and New Oil Drilling | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Voters in San Luis Obispo County have rejected \u003ca href=\"https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/getattachment/3124e335-4c96-45e8-9236-61146df84e4d/Measure-G-18-Full-Text-2018-11-06.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure G\u003c/a>, which would have limited oil production to existing wells and banned fracking on county land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all precincts counted, the unofficial tally is 56 percent against and 44 percent for the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will likely be a few weeks before final results are tallied with all mail-in ballots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Varni, co-founder of the Coalition to Protect San Luis Obispo County, says the Measure G \u003ca href=\"http://protectslo.nationbuilder.com/\">initiative\u003c/a> was spearheaded in response to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article68494287.html\">planned expansion\u003c/a> of oil extraction in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article208488869.html\"> Arroyo Grande Oil Field\u003c/a> near Pismo Beach. The plan would add 481 wells to the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the issue, says Varni, is the future of the region’s clean water supply for drinking and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fearful that with that much increase, large groundwater basins could be contaminated,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Varni’s group, which launched the \u003ca href=\"http://protectslo.nationbuilder.com/\">Yes on G\u003c/a> campaign, the expansion would significantly increase the amount of toxic oil field waste deposited into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varni adds that the amount of groundwater required for oil production — which Varni estimated at nearly 20 gallons per 1 gallon of oil — taxes the county’s already overdrafted basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for the \u003ca href=\"https://nomeasureg.com/\">No on Measure G\u003c/a> campaign did not respond to interview requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fracking for natural gas is not currently practiced in San Luis Obispo County, Measure G would also banned the use of hydraulic fracturing technology as a means to extract oil, not a current practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Measure G would prevent the expansion of fossil fuel production in San Luis Obispo County, it would also allow all existing oil extraction operations to continue indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure has faced strong opposition from oil and gas interests. According to \u003ca href=\"https://public.netfile.com/pub2/AllFilingsByMeasure.aspx?id=173346762&measure=No+on+Measure+G%3a++Stop+the+Oil+and+Gas+Shutdown%2c+a+Coalition+of+Concerned+San+Luis+Obispo+Taxpayers%2c+and+Energy+Companies+that+(ID%23+1365619)\">campaign finance records\u003c/a>, opponents have raised nearly $8 million to fight it. Major oil companies Chevron and Aera Energy\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> which is co-owned by Shell and ExxonMobil, have made major contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varni says his group has raised about $230,000 in support of the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/Departments/Clerk-Recorder/Forms-Documents/Elections-and-Voting/Current-Elections/2018-11-06-Consolidated-General/Documents/Measure-G-18-Rebuttal-to-Argument-in-Favor-2018.aspx\">rebuttal filed with the County of San Luis Obispo\u003c/a>, the campaign stated, “Measure G would create more economic uncertainty, hurt our community, and increase our dependence on foreign oil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement accused proponents of the measure of using “scare tactics” and went on to say that “Measure G is so broadly written that practices used safely for over a century — and which are needed for existing production to continue — would be banned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Luis Obispo County’s 5th District Supervisor Debbie Arnold opposes the measure. Arnold says she hasn’t heard anyone propose bringing hydraulic fracturing or expanding oil operations into the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Arnold says, as existing wells get played out, oil producers may need to drill new wells within existing fields to maintain similar levels of production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Measures like G are just too restrictive for the oil companies to be able to carry on the production they’ve historically been able to have here,” she says. “It would be too hard for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement on the No on Measure G website reads:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Measure G, the oil and gas shutdown initiative, passes, over 230 mainly blue-collar workers and their families who are reliant on the oil and gas industry will be threatened with losing their jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=2ahUKEwjI-LiQiLfeAhVMGDQIHbiKA7kQFjADegQIABAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slocounty.ca.gov%2Fgetattachment%2F9ec439af-486e-48cd-a6a5-b36f156a35e7%2FMeasure-G-18-Fiscal-Impact-Statement-2018-11-06.aspx&usg=AOvVaw0an_bpJN8xUedK8nW8A5Il\">fiscal impact report\u003c/a> on the measure issued by the San Luis Obispo County auditor called the economic impact of the measure “difficult to predict.” The report says there are less than 80 jobs in the county’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past five years, six California counties — Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz, Mendocino, Alameda and Butte — have banned fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Scow, the California Director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/state/california\">Food and Water Watch\u003c/a>, says Measure G is part of the greater movement to move California from fossil fuels to clean energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scow says where Gov. Jerry Brown and state lawmakers have failed to curtail oil and gas activities in California, local communities are stepping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of California realize that our water, our climate, our health, are too important to be contaminated, to allow the oil industry to pollute,” Scow says. “So they are bringing forward these measures to protect their economies and their counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That local voter initiatives have passed throughout the state gives Scow hope in the face of heavily funded opposition from the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows that when people get organized and when they talk to their neighbors, when they call their neighbors, you can beat big oil,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Trends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even if Measure G was to pass, it remains uncertain if the ban will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County banned fracking in 2016 when voters passed \u003ca href=\"http://protectmontereycounty.org/measure-z/\">Measure Z\u003c/a> by a narrow margin. The initiative was then challenged in court, which ruled that state and federal law pre-empted local regulation. That ruling is currently under appeal while the ban remains on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deborah Sivas, a professor of environmental law at Stanford University who advised environmental groups for the case, says the outcome could have a major influence on the fate of oil drilling and fracking in San Luis Obispo County and the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that while California is thought to be progressive when it comes to the environment, it uses a “pretty old” set of oil and gas codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state generally is not very involved at the local level,” Sivas says. “Oil and gas drilling has gone on without really much direct state involvement. Fossil fuel development is going like gangbusters in California right now, and the state has chosen not to really clamp down on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Monterey County, Sivas called the trial court’s finding that the lack of state regulation ruled out local control “very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically, going back 100 years, local jurisdictions have used their land-use authority to decide whether or not drilling and oil activity should go on, because it has obvious health and safety consequences for local communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the background of the debate over oil drilling and hydraulic fracturing in California is the federal government’s effort to loosen regulations on the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivas says she’s interested to see how this plays out in California, considering the state’s mandate to achieve 100 percent clean energy by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the the little bit of schizophrenia that you feel in California,” she says. “And I think that’s why local governments are trying to pick up the ball here and say, ‘Well, we’re not going to shut down the fields, but we really want to ramp them down over time.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Voters in San Luis Obispo County have rejected \u003ca href=\"https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/getattachment/3124e335-4c96-45e8-9236-61146df84e4d/Measure-G-18-Full-Text-2018-11-06.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure G\u003c/a>, which would have limited oil production to existing wells and banned fracking on county land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all precincts counted, the unofficial tally is 56 percent against and 44 percent for the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will likely be a few weeks before final results are tallied with all mail-in ballots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Varni, co-founder of the Coalition to Protect San Luis Obispo County, says the Measure G \u003ca href=\"http://protectslo.nationbuilder.com/\">initiative\u003c/a> was spearheaded in response to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article68494287.html\">planned expansion\u003c/a> of oil extraction in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article208488869.html\"> Arroyo Grande Oil Field\u003c/a> near Pismo Beach. The plan would add 481 wells to the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the issue, says Varni, is the future of the region’s clean water supply for drinking and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fearful that with that much increase, large groundwater basins could be contaminated,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Varni’s group, which launched the \u003ca href=\"http://protectslo.nationbuilder.com/\">Yes on G\u003c/a> campaign, the expansion would significantly increase the amount of toxic oil field waste deposited into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varni adds that the amount of groundwater required for oil production — which Varni estimated at nearly 20 gallons per 1 gallon of oil — taxes the county’s already overdrafted basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for the \u003ca href=\"https://nomeasureg.com/\">No on Measure G\u003c/a> campaign did not respond to interview requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fracking for natural gas is not currently practiced in San Luis Obispo County, Measure G would also banned the use of hydraulic fracturing technology as a means to extract oil, not a current practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Measure G would prevent the expansion of fossil fuel production in San Luis Obispo County, it would also allow all existing oil extraction operations to continue indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure has faced strong opposition from oil and gas interests. According to \u003ca href=\"https://public.netfile.com/pub2/AllFilingsByMeasure.aspx?id=173346762&measure=No+on+Measure+G%3a++Stop+the+Oil+and+Gas+Shutdown%2c+a+Coalition+of+Concerned+San+Luis+Obispo+Taxpayers%2c+and+Energy+Companies+that+(ID%23+1365619)\">campaign finance records\u003c/a>, opponents have raised nearly $8 million to fight it. Major oil companies Chevron and Aera Energy\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> which is co-owned by Shell and ExxonMobil, have made major contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varni says his group has raised about $230,000 in support of the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/Departments/Clerk-Recorder/Forms-Documents/Elections-and-Voting/Current-Elections/2018-11-06-Consolidated-General/Documents/Measure-G-18-Rebuttal-to-Argument-in-Favor-2018.aspx\">rebuttal filed with the County of San Luis Obispo\u003c/a>, the campaign stated, “Measure G would create more economic uncertainty, hurt our community, and increase our dependence on foreign oil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement accused proponents of the measure of using “scare tactics” and went on to say that “Measure G is so broadly written that practices used safely for over a century — and which are needed for existing production to continue — would be banned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Luis Obispo County’s 5th District Supervisor Debbie Arnold opposes the measure. Arnold says she hasn’t heard anyone propose bringing hydraulic fracturing or expanding oil operations into the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Arnold says, as existing wells get played out, oil producers may need to drill new wells within existing fields to maintain similar levels of production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Measures like G are just too restrictive for the oil companies to be able to carry on the production they’ve historically been able to have here,” she says. “It would be too hard for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement on the No on Measure G website reads:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Measure G, the oil and gas shutdown initiative, passes, over 230 mainly blue-collar workers and their families who are reliant on the oil and gas industry will be threatened with losing their jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=2ahUKEwjI-LiQiLfeAhVMGDQIHbiKA7kQFjADegQIABAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slocounty.ca.gov%2Fgetattachment%2F9ec439af-486e-48cd-a6a5-b36f156a35e7%2FMeasure-G-18-Fiscal-Impact-Statement-2018-11-06.aspx&usg=AOvVaw0an_bpJN8xUedK8nW8A5Il\">fiscal impact report\u003c/a> on the measure issued by the San Luis Obispo County auditor called the economic impact of the measure “difficult to predict.” The report says there are less than 80 jobs in the county’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past five years, six California counties — Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz, Mendocino, Alameda and Butte — have banned fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Scow, the California Director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/state/california\">Food and Water Watch\u003c/a>, says Measure G is part of the greater movement to move California from fossil fuels to clean energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scow says where Gov. Jerry Brown and state lawmakers have failed to curtail oil and gas activities in California, local communities are stepping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of California realize that our water, our climate, our health, are too important to be contaminated, to allow the oil industry to pollute,” Scow says. “So they are bringing forward these measures to protect their economies and their counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That local voter initiatives have passed throughout the state gives Scow hope in the face of heavily funded opposition from the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows that when people get organized and when they talk to their neighbors, when they call their neighbors, you can beat big oil,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Trends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even if Measure G was to pass, it remains uncertain if the ban will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County banned fracking in 2016 when voters passed \u003ca href=\"http://protectmontereycounty.org/measure-z/\">Measure Z\u003c/a> by a narrow margin. The initiative was then challenged in court, which ruled that state and federal law pre-empted local regulation. That ruling is currently under appeal while the ban remains on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deborah Sivas, a professor of environmental law at Stanford University who advised environmental groups for the case, says the outcome could have a major influence on the fate of oil drilling and fracking in San Luis Obispo County and the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that while California is thought to be progressive when it comes to the environment, it uses a “pretty old” set of oil and gas codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state generally is not very involved at the local level,” Sivas says. “Oil and gas drilling has gone on without really much direct state involvement. Fossil fuel development is going like gangbusters in California right now, and the state has chosen not to really clamp down on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Monterey County, Sivas called the trial court’s finding that the lack of state regulation ruled out local control “very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically, going back 100 years, local jurisdictions have used their land-use authority to decide whether or not drilling and oil activity should go on, because it has obvious health and safety consequences for local communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the background of the debate over oil drilling and hydraulic fracturing in California is the federal government’s effort to loosen regulations on the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivas says she’s interested to see how this plays out in California, considering the state’s mandate to achieve 100 percent clean energy by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the the little bit of schizophrenia that you feel in California,” she says. “And I think that’s why local governments are trying to pick up the ball here and say, ‘Well, we’re not going to shut down the fields, but we really want to ramp them down over time.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the not-too-distant future, fully autonomous vehicles will drive our streets. These cars will need to make split-second decisions to avoid endangering human lives — both inside and outside of the vehicles.[contextly_sidebar id=”A72R30LrDpzQR8fTZBZlpUjzNz65l8Ib”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine attitudes toward these decisions a group of researchers created a variation on the classic philosophical exercise known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/books/review/would-you-kill-the-fat-man-and-the-trolley-problem.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Trolley problem\u003c/a>.” They posed a series of moral dilemmas involving a self-driving car with brakes that suddenly give out: Should the car swerve to avoid a group of pedestrians, killing the driver? Or should it kill the people on foot, but spare the driver? Does it matter if the pedestrians are men or women? Children or older people? Doctors or bank robbers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To pose these questions to a large range of people, the researchers built a website called \u003ca href=\"http://moralmachine.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moral Machine\u003c/a>, where anyone could click through the scenarios and say what the car should do. “Help us learn how to make machines moral,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=44&v=XCO8ET66xE4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a video\u003c/a> implores on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grim game went viral, multiple times over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really beyond our wildest expectations,” says Iyad Rahwan, an associate professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the MIT Media Lab, who was one of the researchers. “At some point we were getting 300 decisions per second.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers found was a series of near-universal preferences, regardless of where someone was taking the quiz. On aggregate, people everywhere believed the moral thing for the car to do was to spare the young over the old, spare humans over animals, and spare the lives of many over the few. Their findings, led by by MIT’s Edmond Awad, were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0637-6.epdf?referrer_access_token=uU4x-rhlVAN5T3IHKOMA49RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OR8PKa5Kws8ZzsJ9c7-2Qp8nbIwouAM66OQiCFCUYXQcLjiRp8hq1Mu0OOkJm9KQNIIgiR_QnHTgfkYXdiYutiyp5ICo21HAmgq0VHt9U28RB0yiBu-JbVZDOiCsUlIOEq0rzBQzY3TMkqbs2JWr1fd2DaznfOPEMcs85CSUlgLHsk8py2Ok2vXJZM6-1e2Wo%3D&tracking_referrer=seamus.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Nature.[contextly_sidebar id=”5UDJZzcQefNHiXDmvuIEJ4VrY3JR2DLV”]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using geolocation, researchers found that the 130 countries with more than 100 respondents could be grouped into three clusters that showed similar moral preferences. Here, they found some variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the preference for sparing younger people over older ones was much stronger in the Southern cluster (which includes Latin America, as well as France, Hungary, and the Czech Republic) than it was in the Eastern cluster (which includes many Asian and Middle Eastern nations). And the preference for sparing humans over pets was weaker in the Southern cluster than in the Eastern or Western clusters (the latter includes, for instance, the U.S., Canada, Kenya, and much of Europe).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they found that those variations seemed to correlate with other observed cultural differences. Respondents from collectivistic cultures, which “emphasize the respect that is due to older members of the community,” showed a weaker preference for sparing younger people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rawhan emphasized that the study’s results should be used with extreme caution, and they shouldn’t be considered the final word on societal preferences — especially since respondents were not a representative sample. (Though the researchers did conduct statistical correction for demographic distortions, reweighing the responses to match a country’s demographics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does this add up to? The paper’s authors argue that if we’re going to let these vehicles on our streets, their operating systems should take moral preferences into account. “Before we allow our cars to make ethical decisions, we need to have a global conversation to express our preferences to the companies that will design moral algorithms, and to the policymakers that will regulate them,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let’s just say, for a moment, that a society \u003cem>does\u003c/em> have general moral preferences on these scenarios. Should automakers or regulators actually take those into account?[contextly_sidebar id=”F0nDLEzm6wiL5JufuTONw4pUFNCemFGB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Germany’s Ethics Commission on Automated Driving \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/PressRelease/2017/084-ethic-commission-report-automated-driving.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">created initial guidelines\u003c/a> for automated vehicles. One of their key dictates? A prohibition against such decision-making by a car’s operating system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the event of unavoidable accident situations, any distinction between individuals based on personal features (age, gender, physical or mental constitution) is strictly prohibited,” the report says. “General programming to reduce the number of personal injuries may be justifiable. Those parties involved in the generation of mobility risks must not sacrifice non-involved parties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to Daniel Sperling, founding director of the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California – Davis and author of \u003ca href=\"https://islandpress.org/books/three-revolutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a book on autonomous and shared vehicles\u003c/a>, these moral dilemmas are far from the most pressing questions about these cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important problem is just making them safe,” he tells NPR. “They’re going to be much safer than human drivers: They don’t drink, they don’t smoke, they don’t sleep, they aren’t distracted.” So then the question is: How safe do they need to be before we let them on our roads?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Should+Self-Driving+Cars+Have+Ethics%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the not-too-distant future, fully autonomous vehicles will drive our streets. These cars will need to make split-second decisions to avoid endangering human lives — both inside and outside of the vehicles.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine attitudes toward these decisions a group of researchers created a variation on the classic philosophical exercise known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/books/review/would-you-kill-the-fat-man-and-the-trolley-problem.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Trolley problem\u003c/a>.” They posed a series of moral dilemmas involving a self-driving car with brakes that suddenly give out: Should the car swerve to avoid a group of pedestrians, killing the driver? Or should it kill the people on foot, but spare the driver? Does it matter if the pedestrians are men or women? Children or older people? Doctors or bank robbers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To pose these questions to a large range of people, the researchers built a website called \u003ca href=\"http://moralmachine.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moral Machine\u003c/a>, where anyone could click through the scenarios and say what the car should do. “Help us learn how to make machines moral,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=44&v=XCO8ET66xE4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a video\u003c/a> implores on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grim game went viral, multiple times over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really beyond our wildest expectations,” says Iyad Rahwan, an associate professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the MIT Media Lab, who was one of the researchers. “At some point we were getting 300 decisions per second.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers found was a series of near-universal preferences, regardless of where someone was taking the quiz. On aggregate, people everywhere believed the moral thing for the car to do was to spare the young over the old, spare humans over animals, and spare the lives of many over the few. Their findings, led by by MIT’s Edmond Awad, were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0637-6.epdf?referrer_access_token=uU4x-rhlVAN5T3IHKOMA49RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OR8PKa5Kws8ZzsJ9c7-2Qp8nbIwouAM66OQiCFCUYXQcLjiRp8hq1Mu0OOkJm9KQNIIgiR_QnHTgfkYXdiYutiyp5ICo21HAmgq0VHt9U28RB0yiBu-JbVZDOiCsUlIOEq0rzBQzY3TMkqbs2JWr1fd2DaznfOPEMcs85CSUlgLHsk8py2Ok2vXJZM6-1e2Wo%3D&tracking_referrer=seamus.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Nature.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using geolocation, researchers found that the 130 countries with more than 100 respondents could be grouped into three clusters that showed similar moral preferences. Here, they found some variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the preference for sparing younger people over older ones was much stronger in the Southern cluster (which includes Latin America, as well as France, Hungary, and the Czech Republic) than it was in the Eastern cluster (which includes many Asian and Middle Eastern nations). And the preference for sparing humans over pets was weaker in the Southern cluster than in the Eastern or Western clusters (the latter includes, for instance, the U.S., Canada, Kenya, and much of Europe).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they found that those variations seemed to correlate with other observed cultural differences. Respondents from collectivistic cultures, which “emphasize the respect that is due to older members of the community,” showed a weaker preference for sparing younger people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rawhan emphasized that the study’s results should be used with extreme caution, and they shouldn’t be considered the final word on societal preferences — especially since respondents were not a representative sample. (Though the researchers did conduct statistical correction for demographic distortions, reweighing the responses to match a country’s demographics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does this add up to? The paper’s authors argue that if we’re going to let these vehicles on our streets, their operating systems should take moral preferences into account. “Before we allow our cars to make ethical decisions, we need to have a global conversation to express our preferences to the companies that will design moral algorithms, and to the policymakers that will regulate them,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let’s just say, for a moment, that a society \u003cem>does\u003c/em> have general moral preferences on these scenarios. Should automakers or regulators actually take those into account?\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Germany’s Ethics Commission on Automated Driving \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/PressRelease/2017/084-ethic-commission-report-automated-driving.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">created initial guidelines\u003c/a> for automated vehicles. One of their key dictates? A prohibition against such decision-making by a car’s operating system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the event of unavoidable accident situations, any distinction between individuals based on personal features (age, gender, physical or mental constitution) is strictly prohibited,” the report says. “General programming to reduce the number of personal injuries may be justifiable. Those parties involved in the generation of mobility risks must not sacrifice non-involved parties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to Daniel Sperling, founding director of the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California – Davis and author of \u003ca href=\"https://islandpress.org/books/three-revolutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a book on autonomous and shared vehicles\u003c/a>, these moral dilemmas are far from the most pressing questions about these cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important problem is just making them safe,” he tells NPR. “They’re going to be much safer than human drivers: They don’t drink, they don’t smoke, they don’t sleep, they aren’t distracted.” So then the question is: How safe do they need to be before we let them on our roads?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Should+Self-Driving+Cars+Have+Ethics%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we “spring forward” and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case you’re wondering, the clock switch no longer means significant energy savings and has no real benefit for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the measure does have its detractors. Some state \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-skelton-daylight-saving-time-20180705-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">politicians\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/18/editorial-for-kids-safety-vote-no-on-year-around-daylight-saving-time/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial writers\u003c/a> point to the last time the U.S. had year-round DST: in 1974 during the OPEC oil embargo – and people hated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public opinion polls showed that everybody liked Daylight Saving Time from March to October,” notes David Prerau, author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.seizethedaylight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time,\u003c/a> “but nobody liked it in the middle of winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Nixon had ordered the measure for two years. But it meant the winter mornings were dark and cold – especially in the northern latitudes. There were some reports of increased accidents in the morning, as kids traveled to school in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting on the Ballot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedestrian safety is always a high concern, says Assemblyman Kansen Chu, but Prop 7 is a totally separate issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chu is a Democrat representing the South and East Bay and sponsor of the measure. Chu became interested in the issue after his dentist showed him medical studies linking a lost hour of sleep in the spring, to increased \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/study-ties-daylight-saving-time-change-to-rise-in-heart-attacks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart attacks\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stroke \u003c/a>and traffic accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2015/retrieve.php?pdfid=544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study from the University of Colorado at Boulder\u003c/a> found a 17 percent increase in traffic accidents on the Monday following the springtime switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out why this might be, I visited the Kriegsfeld Lab at UC Berkeley, where scientists study circadian rhythms. Post-doctoral researcher Benjamin Smarr tells me that every part of our body runs on a daily cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much anything you can name,” he says. “So because we have circadian clocks in every cell in our body, every organ in our body is made up of cells trying to keep time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we throw our timing out of whack, from missing sleep, doing shift work or being jet lagged, it misaligns systems like our attention and perception, digestion, emotions, blood pressure and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing falling apart looks scary,” notes Smarr, “when you realize that all these other things around it have also fallen apart and that they’re also sort of fighting with each other for saying, ‘It’s time to sleep,’ ‘No, it’s time to digest,’ ‘No, it’s time to be active’. It makes sense that jet lag feels bad, makes us [feel] sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice of switching back and forth between Standard and Daylight Time has been under fire for a while, each spring the internet bubbles over with segments and articles such as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– Last Week Tonight with John Oliver: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=br0NW9ufUUw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daylight Saving Time – How Is This Still A Thing?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n– Bustle.com: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bustle.com/articles/118438-7-legitimately-scary-facts-about-daylight-saving-time-which-just-so-happens-to-fall-on-halloween\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 Legitimately Scary Facts About Daylight Saving Time, Which Just So Happens To Fall On Halloween This Year\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n– The Boston Globe: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/03/10/proof-daylight-saving-time-dumb-dangerous-and-costly/kOqQs7T33rYHMEnCraQSJO/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proof Daylight Saving Time Is Dumb, Dangerous, and Costly\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did we get here in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The History of Daylight Saving Time, Abridged\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea dates back centuries, at least to 1784 when Benjamin Franklin was the American ambassador to France. He was in the habit of staying up late to write by candlelight and then sleeping until noon. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin.html\">satirical essay written\u003c/a> for the “Journal de Paris” he describes waking one morning, due to a loud noise, at 6 a.m. and being shocked to see the sun was already up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Your readers, who with me have never seen any sign of sunshine before noon, […], will be as much astonished as I was, when they hear of his rising so early; and especially when I assure them, that he gives light as soon as he rises. […] This event has given rise in my mind to several serious and important reflections. I considered that, if I had not been awakened so early in the morning, I should have slept six hours longer by the light of the sun, and in exchange have lived six hours the following night by candle-light; and, the latter being a much more expensive light than the former, my love of economy induced me to muster up what little arithmetic I was master of, and to make some calculations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1933421\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1933421 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-800x1008.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-800x1008.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-160x202.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-768x967.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-240x302.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-375x472.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-520x655.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benjamin Franklin is credited with being the first to propose (in jest) that humans shift their schedules to match sunlight hours. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Franklin even estimated Parisians could save 64 million pounds of candle wax a year by getting up with the sun. This is the essence of Daylight Saving Time in a nutshell: making the best use of the hours of sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was kicked around again in the late 19th century, notably by a New Zealand entomologist who wanted more daylight in the evening for bug collecting, and British businessmen and politicians. But the first country to do anything about it was Germany during World War I, to save energy for the war effort. By shifting the clocks so that sunlight lasted later into the evening, people did not need to use electric lights as much. Most countries involved in the war then followed suit. The U.S. adopted it in 1918.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war it was repealed and local areas could decide for themselves whether to keep it. Then came World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a month of Pearl Harbor, we put in Daylight Saving Time again,” says Prerau. “And when WWII ended it became voluntary and several parts of the country had it and several parts didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unwinding History\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters chose, by Proposition, to enact Daylight Saving Time in 1949 — that’s why it has to go before voters again if the current system is going to change. It wouldn’t change automatically, however. Proposition 7 would just be the first of a three-step process. If it passes, the state legislature and Congress also would need to give the OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason this time-switching scheme is falling out of favor: the energy savings are not what they used to be. Most recent studies show the effects of DST offer a one-half to 1.5 percent saving, or sometimes a loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To my eye these are basically a wash,” says Dan Kammen, who runs an energy lab at UC Berkeley. “They’re not an argument for or against Daylight Savings Time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(And for the astute reader, yes it is “saving,” not “savings time.”)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state.\r\n\r\nLots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we \"spring forward\" and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.",
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"title": "Spring Forward, Fall Back, or Neither: Why Changing Our Clocks Might Fade Into History | KQED",
"description": "On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state.\r\n\r\nLots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we "spring forward" and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.",
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"headline": "Spring Forward, Fall Back, or Neither: Why Changing Our Clocks Might Fade Into History",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On November 6, Californians will weigh in on whether they want to continue changing their clocks twice a year. Proposition 7 on the statewide ballot would lay the groundwork for year-round Daylight Saving Time in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of people hate switching between Standard and Daylight time, especially in March when we “spring forward” and lose an hour of sleep. Studies show this chronological hiccup is linked to increased rates of heart attacks, strokes and traffic accidents. This is due to the disruption in our daily biological cycles, known as circadian rhythms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case you’re wondering, the clock switch no longer means significant energy savings and has no real benefit for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the measure does have its detractors. Some state \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-skelton-daylight-saving-time-20180705-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">politicians\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/18/editorial-for-kids-safety-vote-no-on-year-around-daylight-saving-time/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial writers\u003c/a> point to the last time the U.S. had year-round DST: in 1974 during the OPEC oil embargo – and people hated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public opinion polls showed that everybody liked Daylight Saving Time from March to October,” notes David Prerau, author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.seizethedaylight.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time,\u003c/a> “but nobody liked it in the middle of winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Nixon had ordered the measure for two years. But it meant the winter mornings were dark and cold – especially in the northern latitudes. There were some reports of increased accidents in the morning, as kids traveled to school in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting on the Ballot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedestrian safety is always a high concern, says Assemblyman Kansen Chu, but Prop 7 is a totally separate issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chu is a Democrat representing the South and East Bay and sponsor of the measure. Chu became interested in the issue after his dentist showed him medical studies linking a lost hour of sleep in the spring, to increased \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/study-ties-daylight-saving-time-change-to-rise-in-heart-attacks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart attacks\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stroke \u003c/a>and traffic accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2015/retrieve.php?pdfid=544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study from the University of Colorado at Boulder\u003c/a> found a 17 percent increase in traffic accidents on the Monday following the springtime switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out why this might be, I visited the Kriegsfeld Lab at UC Berkeley, where scientists study circadian rhythms. Post-doctoral researcher Benjamin Smarr tells me that every part of our body runs on a daily cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty much anything you can name,” he says. “So because we have circadian clocks in every cell in our body, every organ in our body is made up of cells trying to keep time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we throw our timing out of whack, from missing sleep, doing shift work or being jet lagged, it misaligns systems like our attention and perception, digestion, emotions, blood pressure and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing falling apart looks scary,” notes Smarr, “when you realize that all these other things around it have also fallen apart and that they’re also sort of fighting with each other for saying, ‘It’s time to sleep,’ ‘No, it’s time to digest,’ ‘No, it’s time to be active’. It makes sense that jet lag feels bad, makes us [feel] sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice of switching back and forth between Standard and Daylight Time has been under fire for a while, each spring the internet bubbles over with segments and articles such as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– Last Week Tonight with John Oliver: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=br0NW9ufUUw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daylight Saving Time – How Is This Still A Thing?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n– Bustle.com: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bustle.com/articles/118438-7-legitimately-scary-facts-about-daylight-saving-time-which-just-so-happens-to-fall-on-halloween\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 Legitimately Scary Facts About Daylight Saving Time, Which Just So Happens To Fall On Halloween This Year\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n– The Boston Globe: \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/03/10/proof-daylight-saving-time-dumb-dangerous-and-costly/kOqQs7T33rYHMEnCraQSJO/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proof Daylight Saving Time Is Dumb, Dangerous, and Costly\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did we get here in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The History of Daylight Saving Time, Abridged\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea dates back centuries, at least to 1784 when Benjamin Franklin was the American ambassador to France. He was in the habit of staying up late to write by candlelight and then sleeping until noon. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin.html\">satirical essay written\u003c/a> for the “Journal de Paris” he describes waking one morning, due to a loud noise, at 6 a.m. and being shocked to see the sun was already up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Your readers, who with me have never seen any sign of sunshine before noon, […], will be as much astonished as I was, when they hear of his rising so early; and especially when I assure them, that he gives light as soon as he rises. […] This event has given rise in my mind to several serious and important reflections. I considered that, if I had not been awakened so early in the morning, I should have slept six hours longer by the light of the sun, and in exchange have lived six hours the following night by candle-light; and, the latter being a much more expensive light than the former, my love of economy induced me to muster up what little arithmetic I was master of, and to make some calculations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1933421\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1933421 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-800x1008.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-800x1008.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-160x202.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-768x967.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-240x302.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-375x472.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v-520x655.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/14065v.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benjamin Franklin is credited with being the first to propose (in jest) that humans shift their schedules to match sunlight hours. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Franklin even estimated Parisians could save 64 million pounds of candle wax a year by getting up with the sun. This is the essence of Daylight Saving Time in a nutshell: making the best use of the hours of sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was kicked around again in the late 19th century, notably by a New Zealand entomologist who wanted more daylight in the evening for bug collecting, and British businessmen and politicians. But the first country to do anything about it was Germany during World War I, to save energy for the war effort. By shifting the clocks so that sunlight lasted later into the evening, people did not need to use electric lights as much. Most countries involved in the war then followed suit. The U.S. adopted it in 1918.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war it was repealed and local areas could decide for themselves whether to keep it. Then came World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a month of Pearl Harbor, we put in Daylight Saving Time again,” says Prerau. “And when WWII ended it became voluntary and several parts of the country had it and several parts didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unwinding History\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters chose, by Proposition, to enact Daylight Saving Time in 1949 — that’s why it has to go before voters again if the current system is going to change. It wouldn’t change automatically, however. Proposition 7 would just be the first of a three-step process. If it passes, the state legislature and Congress also would need to give the OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason this time-switching scheme is falling out of favor: the energy savings are not what they used to be. Most recent studies show the effects of DST offer a one-half to 1.5 percent saving, or sometimes a loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To my eye these are basically a wash,” says Dan Kammen, who runs an energy lab at UC Berkeley. “They’re not an argument for or against Daylight Savings Time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(And for the astute reader, yes it is “saving,” not “savings time.”)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "EPA Boasts Of Reduced Greenhouse Gases While Trump Questions Climate Science",
"headTitle": "EPA Boasts Of Reduced Greenhouse Gases While Trump Questions Climate Science | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is celebrating a drop in the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions last year, even as the president himself continues to challenge the scientific understanding of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency says U.S. production of heat-trapping gases was 2.7 percent lower in 2017 than the previous year. Despite the improvement, independent analysts say the country is likely to fall far short of the pollution controls needed to rein in global warming.[contextly_sidebar id=”VTjU6Ienb3mgGQ17idCLv2PVkgjJf7dH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trends that are driving the emission reductions that we saw in 2017 were baked in several years before,” said Kate Larsen, who monitors greenhouse gas emissions for the \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rhodium Group\u003c/a>, an independent research firm. “We can’t rely on those trends continuing forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the reduction in 2017 came from power plants — traditionally a leading source of carbon pollution. Emissions from the electricity sector fell by 4.5 percent as utilities switched to cheap natural gas and increasingly competitive renewable sources of power. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coal’s share of electricity production\u003c/a> fell to just 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These achievements flow largely from technological breakthroughs in the private sector, not the heavy hand of government,” EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/data-shows-decrease-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-during-trumps-first-year-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>. Wheeler is a former coal lobbyist and, like President Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/06/626525274/get-to-know-andrew-wheeler-ex-coal-lobbyist-with-inside-track-to-lead-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a skeptic when it comes to climate science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-full-interview-60-minutes-transcript-lesley-stahl-2018-10-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that aired this week, Trump disputed the overwhelming scientific consensus that man-made carbon pollution is responsible for global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d have to show me the scientists because they have a very big political agenda,” the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made a priority of rolling back Obama-era climate policies, including measures designed to cut pollution from power plants and automotive tailpipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity sector has continued to show progress in reducing emissions despite that about-face by the federal government. The abundance of cheap natural gas and falling prices for renewable power have encouraged the switch from dirtier, coal-fired plants. Some states have also required utilities to boost their reliance on greener sources of power.[contextly_sidebar id=”Zz74cMfmjLmakl6pTIO6KQWajbf0Cekx”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trends are less positive in the transportation sector, which has now eclipsed electricity as the leading producer of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are driving more and because of low gas prices over the last few years, consumers are choosing larger, heavier vehicles,” Larsen said. The Trump administration has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598888447/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put the brakes on an Obama-era effort to boost fuel economy\u003c/a>, although states like California have threatened to impose their own standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen says at the current pace, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 will be about 15 percent below their 2005 levels. That’s far short of the 26 to 28 percent reduction promised under the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced his intention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">withdraw from that agreement\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cheap natural gas continues to grab market share, greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector could start to climb again after 2025. At that point, gas might not be displacing carbon-intensive coal but rather carbon-free nuclear power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the risk of taking credit for these market trends,” Larsen said. “When those trends push in a direction that’s not useful, no one is taking the blame for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/ce719c7d6664400cb6b720ba84af2bc2?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=AP_Politics&utm_campaign=SocialFlow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press\u003c/a> this week, Trump argued that government efforts to further curb carbon pollution could put the U.S. at an economic disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m not willing to do is sacrifice the economic well-being of our country for something that nobody really knows,” Trump said, repeating his false claim that there’s widespread debate on climate science. “I have a natural instinct for science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Boasts+Of+Reduced+Greenhouse+Gases%2C+Even+As+Trump+Questions+Climate+Science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is celebrating a drop in the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions last year, even as the president himself continues to challenge the scientific understanding of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency says U.S. production of heat-trapping gases was 2.7 percent lower in 2017 than the previous year. Despite the improvement, independent analysts say the country is likely to fall far short of the pollution controls needed to rein in global warming.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trends that are driving the emission reductions that we saw in 2017 were baked in several years before,” said Kate Larsen, who monitors greenhouse gas emissions for the \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rhodium Group\u003c/a>, an independent research firm. “We can’t rely on those trends continuing forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the reduction in 2017 came from power plants — traditionally a leading source of carbon pollution. Emissions from the electricity sector fell by 4.5 percent as utilities switched to cheap natural gas and increasingly competitive renewable sources of power. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coal’s share of electricity production\u003c/a> fell to just 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These achievements flow largely from technological breakthroughs in the private sector, not the heavy hand of government,” EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/data-shows-decrease-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-during-trumps-first-year-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a>. Wheeler is a former coal lobbyist and, like President Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/06/626525274/get-to-know-andrew-wheeler-ex-coal-lobbyist-with-inside-track-to-lead-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a skeptic when it comes to climate science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-full-interview-60-minutes-transcript-lesley-stahl-2018-10-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that aired this week, Trump disputed the overwhelming scientific consensus that man-made carbon pollution is responsible for global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d have to show me the scientists because they have a very big political agenda,” the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made a priority of rolling back Obama-era climate policies, including measures designed to cut pollution from power plants and automotive tailpipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity sector has continued to show progress in reducing emissions despite that about-face by the federal government. The abundance of cheap natural gas and falling prices for renewable power have encouraged the switch from dirtier, coal-fired plants. Some states have also required utilities to boost their reliance on greener sources of power.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trends are less positive in the transportation sector, which has now eclipsed electricity as the leading producer of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are driving more and because of low gas prices over the last few years, consumers are choosing larger, heavier vehicles,” Larsen said. The Trump administration has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598888447/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put the brakes on an Obama-era effort to boost fuel economy\u003c/a>, although states like California have threatened to impose their own standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen says at the current pace, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 will be about 15 percent below their 2005 levels. That’s far short of the 26 to 28 percent reduction promised under the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced his intention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">withdraw from that agreement\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cheap natural gas continues to grab market share, greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector could start to climb again after 2025. At that point, gas might not be displacing carbon-intensive coal but rather carbon-free nuclear power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the risk of taking credit for these market trends,” Larsen said. “When those trends push in a direction that’s not useful, no one is taking the blame for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/ce719c7d6664400cb6b720ba84af2bc2?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=AP_Politics&utm_campaign=SocialFlow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associated Press\u003c/a> this week, Trump argued that government efforts to further curb carbon pollution could put the U.S. at an economic disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m not willing to do is sacrifice the economic well-being of our country for something that nobody really knows,” Trump said, repeating his false claim that there’s widespread debate on climate science. “I have a natural instinct for science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Boasts+Of+Reduced+Greenhouse+Gases%2C+Even+As+Trump+Questions+Climate+Science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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