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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ExxonMobil went on trial Tuesday in a packed courtroom in New York, where the oil giant stands accused of defrauding investors by misleading them about the risks it faces from future climate regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The civil case is the first major climate change lawsuit to reach trial in the United States, and it is the culmination of four years of investigation by the New York state attorney general’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central allegation is that Exxon fraudulently used two sets of books to estimate the risks it faces as governments take steps to cut greenhouse gas emissions: one that was shared with investors and another that was used only internally. The public estimate was higher, suggesting a future with stricter limits on emissions, while the internal figures were lower, reflecting more lenient regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for Attorney General Letitia James, who took office this year, a few months after the lawsuit was filed, have argued that this practice exposed investors to greater risks than Exxon had disclosed and inflated the company’s value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central question that Justice Barry Ostrager will have to decide is whether Exxon’s disclosures reflected its practices, Kevin Wallace, acting chief of the attorney general’s investor protection bureau, told the state court in his opening statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not telling Exxon how to run its business,” Wallace said. “But it has to be honest with investors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exxon’s lead attorney, Theodore Wells, called the allegations “bizarre and twisted” and said the company did nothing wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exxon does not dispute that it used two estimates for the future impacts of climate regulations, but it argues that it was transparent with investors about its practices and that each had legitimate business purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opening statements suggested that the case may turn on semantic arguments about what a reasonable investor would have believed from reading Exxon’s reports and disclosures, and on a technical forensic analysis of what impact the company’s practices had on its share price and value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this discussion, Exxon’s former chief executive and former Secretary of State \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22032017/exxonmobil-climate-change-investigation-wayne-tracker-rex-tillerson-new-york-ag\">Rex Tillerson\u003c/a> is expected to testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever decision the judge reaches is sure to be cited in major climate cases to come. More than a dozen local and state governments have sued Exxon and other energy companies seeking damages to help pay the costs imposed on cities by rising seas and extreme weather caused by climate change. On Tuesday, U.S. Supreme Court justices denied requests by energy companies in three of those cases—involving \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20072018/baltimore-climate-change-lawsuit-inner-harbor-coastal-flooding-sea-level-rise-urban-waterfront-revitalization\">Baltimore,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/19a391.html\">Rhode Island\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/19a428.html\">three Colorado municipalities\u003c/a>—to intervene as the companies try to have the cases heard in federal rather than state courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since at least 2010, Exxon had been reporting that it was using something called a proxy cost of carbon to model the financial impacts of climate policies decades into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the company came under increasing pressure from some investors to better disclose the risks it was facing, Wallace told the court in his opening statement, “Exxon realized it had a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2014, the company’s top management was \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16102019/exxon-oil-sands-trial-climate-change-fraud-new-york-rex-tillerson\">given a presentation\u003c/a> written by Guy Powell, Exxon’s corporate greenhouse gas manager, warning that the way the company had been accounting for climate risks was potentially misleading. Even as it was reporting its proxy cost to the public, it was using a separate estimate for carbon costs—which it called a “greenhouse gas cost”—to evaluate investment opportunities internally. The proxy cost assumed carbon costs would be significantly higher than the internal estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One effect of using a lower estimate for future carbon costs was that it made high-polluting oil projects look like more attractive investments, compared to if the higher proxy cost were applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell recommended aligning the costs. Soon after the presentation, Wallace said, Exxon’s management directed company planners to start using the higher cost for their internal evaluations, as well. Exxon attorney Wells told the court Tuesday that the decision had nothing to do with the presentation but was a reflection of how the company saw climate policies evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even after Exxon aligned its two carbon price estimates in the summer of 2014, corporate planners continued to apply lower estimates when evaluating whether to invest in new energy projects, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16102019/exxon-oil-sands-trial-climate-change-fraud-new-york-rex-tillerson\">documents\u003c/a> obtained by the attorney general show. In Alberta, for example, where Exxon has spent tens of billions of dollars on projects in Canada’s oil sands, the company directed planners to apply an existing carbon fee that was much lower than the corporate estimates. In particular, while corporate estimates projected carbon prices continuing to rise up to $80 per ton in 2040, planners in Canada applied a fee that held flat at $24 decades into the future and didn’t apply to all of a given project’s emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Assuming that existing legislation would remain frozen in place forever is the exact opposite of accounting for increasingly stringent regulation,” Wallace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general argues that this practice hid tens of billions of dollars in potential future costs at these oil sands projects from investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his opening statement for Exxon, Wells argued that the public proxy cost was used to model global supply and demand for its products decades into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it was global in scope, the proxy cost was informed by a suite of policies Exxon expects to see adopted around the world, from fuel efficiency standards in the U.S. to carbon taxes in Europe. The lower greenhouse gas cost, Wells said, was meant to reflect direct costs at specific Exxon facilities around the globe, so it was informed by a more limited set of policies. Wells used the example of a hypothetical refinery in Brooklyn, which would pay for its emissions if New York were to implement a tax or fee on polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to a specific sentence in \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.exxonmobil.com/~/media/global/files/energy-and-environment/report---energy-and-carbon---managing-the-risks.pdf\">one report that Exxon issued\u003c/a> in 2014 in response to investor pressure, where the company said “we require that all our business segments include, where appropriate, GHG costs in their economics when seeking funding for capital investments.” The sentence made clear that the proxy cost and greenhouse gas cost were distinct, he argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace countered that this claim hangs on a “tortured reading” of the company’s disclosures, and pointed to other reports that he argued obfuscated any difference. In some, Exxon used the term “GHG proxy cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A reasonable investor had every reason to believe that Exxon was using the term proxy costs and greenhouse gas costs interchangeably,” Wallace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end of his statement, Wells drew a smile from Ostrager when he mentioned what he called “the elephant in the room,” charging that the allegations are part of a political conspiracy by liberal attorneys general, backed by activists, to smear the company. He cited \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/30032016/climate-change-fraud-investigation-exxon-eric-shneiderman-18-attorneys-general\">a 2016 press conference \u003c/a>held by then-Attorney General Eric Schneiderman with many of his counterparts from other states promising to go after energy companies for their role in fueling climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostrager has already dismissed an attempt by Exxon to halt the case on such a claim, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29032018/exxon-climate-fraud-investigations-ruling-federal-judge-caproni-new-york-schneiderman-massachusetts-healey\">as has a federal judge in New York\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Years of Investigation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/exxon-climate-change-investigation\">investigation\u003c/a> began in the fall of 2015, when then-Attorney General Eric Schneiderman \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05112015/new-york-attorney-general-eric-schneiderman-subpoena-Exxon-climate-documents\">issued a subpoena\u003c/a> seeking documents spanning four decades of research findings and communications about climate change. Massachusetts investigators followed several months later with a separate subpoena. While Massachusetts has yet to file a lawsuit, that state’s attorney general \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloombergenvironment.com/environment-and-energy/documents-show-massachusetts-ag-ready-to-file-climate-case-against-exxon\">sent a letter to Exxon\u003c/a> earlier this month saying it plans to file a claim soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two investigations followed the publication of the Pulitzer Prize-finalist \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/content/Exxon-The-Road-Not-Taken\">investigative series of stories by InsideClimate News\u003c/a> and later reporting by the \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/exxon-arctic/\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> that disclosed that Exxon had long understood the science of global warming, predicted its catastrophic consequences, and then spent millions of dollars to promote misinformation about global warming and the role of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostrager has allotted three weeks for the trial and has said he will issue a ruling shortly after it ends. If he rules against Exxon, the company could face substantial fines and be ordered to revise how it discloses climate risks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ExxonMobil went on trial Tuesday in a packed courtroom in New York, where the oil giant stands accused of defrauding investors by misleading them about the risks it faces from future climate regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The civil case is the first major climate change lawsuit to reach trial in the United States, and it is the culmination of four years of investigation by the New York state attorney general’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central allegation is that Exxon fraudulently used two sets of books to estimate the risks it faces as governments take steps to cut greenhouse gas emissions: one that was shared with investors and another that was used only internally. The public estimate was higher, suggesting a future with stricter limits on emissions, while the internal figures were lower, reflecting more lenient regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for Attorney General Letitia James, who took office this year, a few months after the lawsuit was filed, have argued that this practice exposed investors to greater risks than Exxon had disclosed and inflated the company’s value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central question that Justice Barry Ostrager will have to decide is whether Exxon’s disclosures reflected its practices, Kevin Wallace, acting chief of the attorney general’s investor protection bureau, told the state court in his opening statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not telling Exxon how to run its business,” Wallace said. “But it has to be honest with investors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exxon’s lead attorney, Theodore Wells, called the allegations “bizarre and twisted” and said the company did nothing wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exxon does not dispute that it used two estimates for the future impacts of climate regulations, but it argues that it was transparent with investors about its practices and that each had legitimate business purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opening statements suggested that the case may turn on semantic arguments about what a reasonable investor would have believed from reading Exxon’s reports and disclosures, and on a technical forensic analysis of what impact the company’s practices had on its share price and value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this discussion, Exxon’s former chief executive and former Secretary of State \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22032017/exxonmobil-climate-change-investigation-wayne-tracker-rex-tillerson-new-york-ag\">Rex Tillerson\u003c/a> is expected to testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever decision the judge reaches is sure to be cited in major climate cases to come. More than a dozen local and state governments have sued Exxon and other energy companies seeking damages to help pay the costs imposed on cities by rising seas and extreme weather caused by climate change. On Tuesday, U.S. Supreme Court justices denied requests by energy companies in three of those cases—involving \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20072018/baltimore-climate-change-lawsuit-inner-harbor-coastal-flooding-sea-level-rise-urban-waterfront-revitalization\">Baltimore,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/19a391.html\">Rhode Island\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/19a428.html\">three Colorado municipalities\u003c/a>—to intervene as the companies try to have the cases heard in federal rather than state courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since at least 2010, Exxon had been reporting that it was using something called a proxy cost of carbon to model the financial impacts of climate policies decades into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the company came under increasing pressure from some investors to better disclose the risks it was facing, Wallace told the court in his opening statement, “Exxon realized it had a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2014, the company’s top management was \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16102019/exxon-oil-sands-trial-climate-change-fraud-new-york-rex-tillerson\">given a presentation\u003c/a> written by Guy Powell, Exxon’s corporate greenhouse gas manager, warning that the way the company had been accounting for climate risks was potentially misleading. Even as it was reporting its proxy cost to the public, it was using a separate estimate for carbon costs—which it called a “greenhouse gas cost”—to evaluate investment opportunities internally. The proxy cost assumed carbon costs would be significantly higher than the internal estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One effect of using a lower estimate for future carbon costs was that it made high-polluting oil projects look like more attractive investments, compared to if the higher proxy cost were applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell recommended aligning the costs. Soon after the presentation, Wallace said, Exxon’s management directed company planners to start using the higher cost for their internal evaluations, as well. Exxon attorney Wells told the court Tuesday that the decision had nothing to do with the presentation but was a reflection of how the company saw climate policies evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even after Exxon aligned its two carbon price estimates in the summer of 2014, corporate planners continued to apply lower estimates when evaluating whether to invest in new energy projects, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16102019/exxon-oil-sands-trial-climate-change-fraud-new-york-rex-tillerson\">documents\u003c/a> obtained by the attorney general show. In Alberta, for example, where Exxon has spent tens of billions of dollars on projects in Canada’s oil sands, the company directed planners to apply an existing carbon fee that was much lower than the corporate estimates. In particular, while corporate estimates projected carbon prices continuing to rise up to $80 per ton in 2040, planners in Canada applied a fee that held flat at $24 decades into the future and didn’t apply to all of a given project’s emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Assuming that existing legislation would remain frozen in place forever is the exact opposite of accounting for increasingly stringent regulation,” Wallace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general argues that this practice hid tens of billions of dollars in potential future costs at these oil sands projects from investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his opening statement for Exxon, Wells argued that the public proxy cost was used to model global supply and demand for its products decades into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it was global in scope, the proxy cost was informed by a suite of policies Exxon expects to see adopted around the world, from fuel efficiency standards in the U.S. to carbon taxes in Europe. The lower greenhouse gas cost, Wells said, was meant to reflect direct costs at specific Exxon facilities around the globe, so it was informed by a more limited set of policies. Wells used the example of a hypothetical refinery in Brooklyn, which would pay for its emissions if New York were to implement a tax or fee on polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to a specific sentence in \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.exxonmobil.com/~/media/global/files/energy-and-environment/report---energy-and-carbon---managing-the-risks.pdf\">one report that Exxon issued\u003c/a> in 2014 in response to investor pressure, where the company said “we require that all our business segments include, where appropriate, GHG costs in their economics when seeking funding for capital investments.” The sentence made clear that the proxy cost and greenhouse gas cost were distinct, he argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace countered that this claim hangs on a “tortured reading” of the company’s disclosures, and pointed to other reports that he argued obfuscated any difference. In some, Exxon used the term “GHG proxy cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A reasonable investor had every reason to believe that Exxon was using the term proxy costs and greenhouse gas costs interchangeably,” Wallace said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end of his statement, Wells drew a smile from Ostrager when he mentioned what he called “the elephant in the room,” charging that the allegations are part of a political conspiracy by liberal attorneys general, backed by activists, to smear the company. He cited \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/30032016/climate-change-fraud-investigation-exxon-eric-shneiderman-18-attorneys-general\">a 2016 press conference \u003c/a>held by then-Attorney General Eric Schneiderman with many of his counterparts from other states promising to go after energy companies for their role in fueling climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostrager has already dismissed an attempt by Exxon to halt the case on such a claim, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29032018/exxon-climate-fraud-investigations-ruling-federal-judge-caproni-new-york-schneiderman-massachusetts-healey\">as has a federal judge in New York\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Years of Investigation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/exxon-climate-change-investigation\">investigation\u003c/a> began in the fall of 2015, when then-Attorney General Eric Schneiderman \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05112015/new-york-attorney-general-eric-schneiderman-subpoena-Exxon-climate-documents\">issued a subpoena\u003c/a> seeking documents spanning four decades of research findings and communications about climate change. Massachusetts investigators followed several months later with a separate subpoena. While Massachusetts has yet to file a lawsuit, that state’s attorney general \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloombergenvironment.com/environment-and-energy/documents-show-massachusetts-ag-ready-to-file-climate-case-against-exxon\">sent a letter to Exxon\u003c/a> earlier this month saying it plans to file a claim soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two investigations followed the publication of the Pulitzer Prize-finalist \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/content/Exxon-The-Road-Not-Taken\">investigative series of stories by InsideClimate News\u003c/a> and later reporting by the \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/exxon-arctic/\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> that disclosed that Exxon had long understood the science of global warming, predicted its catastrophic consequences, and then spent millions of dollars to promote misinformation about global warming and the role of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ostrager has allotted three weeks for the trial and has said he will issue a ruling shortly after it ends. If he rules against Exxon, the company could face substantial fines and be ordered to revise how it discloses climate risks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What’s Bad for the Planet Is Bad for the Economy, Says New Analysis",
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"content": "\u003cp>There are enormous costs to doing nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond threats to public health and the environment, climate change poses a danger to the economy, especially for those who have the least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are the findings of a new analysis from the \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Stanford\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Institute\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">for\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Economic\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Policy\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Research\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hamiltonproject.org/\">Hamilton\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.hamiltonproject.org/\">Project\u003c/a>, a centrist economic think tank of the Brookings Institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949772\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949772\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/U.S.-Economic-Damages-from-Climate-Change-in-2080-99-by-Temperature-Increase.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"346\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/U.S.-Economic-Damages-from-Climate-Change-in-2080-99-by-Temperature-Increase.png 346w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/U.S.-Economic-Damages-from-Climate-Change-in-2080-99-by-Temperature-Increase-160x136.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Economic Damages from Climate Change in 2080-99 by Temperature Increase \u003ccite>(Hamilton Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two factors will determine just how disruptive climate change will be, according to the study. One is the extent of the warming; the other is the effectiveness of any mitigating technology and policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the century, an increase in temperature of 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels could trim .5% off of U.S. gross domestic product, the economists found. At 4 degrees of warming the decline would hit 2%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, the damage would increase exponentially as warming continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. counties with the weakest economies, will be hit hardest, the report says. Similarly, around the world, the countries with the lowest incomes will face the most hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lower Emissions But Economic Growth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers point out that lower emissions and economic growth are not mutually exclusive. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between 2007 and 2017, U.S. planet-warming gas emissions dropped by 14%, while economic output grew 16%. E\u003c/span>nergy use fell, as did the price of developing renewable energy sources, especially solar and wind. (\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U.S. emissions rose again in 2018.)\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 731px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949774\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Change-in-Levelized-Cost-of-Energy-for-Solar-and-Wind.-2010-17..png\" alt=\"\" width=\"731\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Change-in-Levelized-Cost-of-Energy-for-Solar-and-Wind.-2010-17..png 731w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Change-in-Levelized-Cost-of-Energy-for-Solar-and-Wind.-2010-17.-160x63.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Change in Levelized Cost of Energy for Solar and Wind. 2010-17. \u003ccite>(Hamilton Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>Economic impacts from climate change unmitigated would be very, very large,” said Jay Shambough, a study author and former member of the White House Council of Economic Advisers. But there are clearly things that can be done. We’ve been making progress. Not enough, but some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The important thing for us is to be clear that different policy approaches have different costs and benefits. Some ways to reduce carbon emissions can be pretty expensive, while other ways are more flexible and not actually that expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study estimates the average cost of a host of climate policies; the researchers found that replanting forests and flaring methane gas are on the less-expensive end, along with the regulation of emissions from power plants and cars in former President Obama’s Clean Power Plan. The Trump administration replaced those regulations with significantly weaker rules that could end up increasing emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More expensive climate solutions include weatherization assistance and vehicle trade-in programs like “Cash-for-Clunkers,” although these offer benefits beyond carbon reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carbon Tax\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, economists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2016/4/22/11446232/price-on-carbon-fine\">argued\u003c/a> that the most potent tool for fighting climate change is a tax on carbon emissions. A price on carbon, they maintain, lets the market determine the most cost-effective way to reduce emissions. The researchers corroborated that view, finding that a price on carbon can reduce emissions at the lowest possible cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of governments across the world have introduced carbon pricing initiatives, with varying results. Many programs have set prices below what economists have identified as carbon’s “social cost,” a sweet spot that provides the most benefit at the lowest expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949776\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 709px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949776\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Prices-for-Selected-Carbon-Pricing-Initiatives.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Prices-for-Selected-Carbon-Pricing-Initiatives.png 709w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Prices-for-Selected-Carbon-Pricing-Initiatives-160x65.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prices for Selected Carbon Initiatives \u003ccite>(Hamilton Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study says that in 2020, based on policy that’s planned or in effect, 80% of the world’s emissions will remain unpriced. The U.S. will be pricing just 1% of global emissions, Europe 5.5% and China 7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solutions outlined in the paper are much less sweeping than what is being called for by some of the current Democratic candidates for president. Proponents of a Green New Deal-style climate program, they are calling for a price on carbon, but also more aggressive action, including regulations to promote rapid decarbonization and investment in clean-energy jobs by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors released the study Wednesday, timed to coincide with a Brookings and Stanford policy \u003ca href=\"https://www.hamiltonproject.org/events/economic_policy_innovations_to_combat_climate_change\">forum\u003c/a> on economic policy innovations to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are enormous costs to doing nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond threats to public health and the environment, climate change poses a danger to the economy, especially for those who have the least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are the findings of a new analysis from the \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Stanford\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Institute\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">for\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Economic\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Policy\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/\">Research\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hamiltonproject.org/\">Hamilton\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.hamiltonproject.org/\">Project\u003c/a>, a centrist economic think tank of the Brookings Institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949772\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949772\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/U.S.-Economic-Damages-from-Climate-Change-in-2080-99-by-Temperature-Increase.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"346\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/U.S.-Economic-Damages-from-Climate-Change-in-2080-99-by-Temperature-Increase.png 346w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/U.S.-Economic-Damages-from-Climate-Change-in-2080-99-by-Temperature-Increase-160x136.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Economic Damages from Climate Change in 2080-99 by Temperature Increase \u003ccite>(Hamilton Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two factors will determine just how disruptive climate change will be, according to the study. One is the extent of the warming; the other is the effectiveness of any mitigating technology and policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the century, an increase in temperature of 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels could trim .5% off of U.S. gross domestic product, the economists found. At 4 degrees of warming the decline would hit 2%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, the damage would increase exponentially as warming continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. counties with the weakest economies, will be hit hardest, the report says. Similarly, around the world, the countries with the lowest incomes will face the most hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lower Emissions But Economic Growth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers point out that lower emissions and economic growth are not mutually exclusive. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between 2007 and 2017, U.S. planet-warming gas emissions dropped by 14%, while economic output grew 16%. E\u003c/span>nergy use fell, as did the price of developing renewable energy sources, especially solar and wind. (\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U.S. emissions rose again in 2018.)\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 731px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949774\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Change-in-Levelized-Cost-of-Energy-for-Solar-and-Wind.-2010-17..png\" alt=\"\" width=\"731\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Change-in-Levelized-Cost-of-Energy-for-Solar-and-Wind.-2010-17..png 731w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Change-in-Levelized-Cost-of-Energy-for-Solar-and-Wind.-2010-17.-160x63.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Change in Levelized Cost of Energy for Solar and Wind. 2010-17. \u003ccite>(Hamilton Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>Economic impacts from climate change unmitigated would be very, very large,” said Jay Shambough, a study author and former member of the White House Council of Economic Advisers. But there are clearly things that can be done. We’ve been making progress. Not enough, but some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The important thing for us is to be clear that different policy approaches have different costs and benefits. Some ways to reduce carbon emissions can be pretty expensive, while other ways are more flexible and not actually that expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study estimates the average cost of a host of climate policies; the researchers found that replanting forests and flaring methane gas are on the less-expensive end, along with the regulation of emissions from power plants and cars in former President Obama’s Clean Power Plan. The Trump administration replaced those regulations with significantly weaker rules that could end up increasing emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More expensive climate solutions include weatherization assistance and vehicle trade-in programs like “Cash-for-Clunkers,” although these offer benefits beyond carbon reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carbon Tax\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, economists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2016/4/22/11446232/price-on-carbon-fine\">argued\u003c/a> that the most potent tool for fighting climate change is a tax on carbon emissions. A price on carbon, they maintain, lets the market determine the most cost-effective way to reduce emissions. The researchers corroborated that view, finding that a price on carbon can reduce emissions at the lowest possible cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of governments across the world have introduced carbon pricing initiatives, with varying results. Many programs have set prices below what economists have identified as carbon’s “social cost,” a sweet spot that provides the most benefit at the lowest expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949776\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 709px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949776\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Prices-for-Selected-Carbon-Pricing-Initiatives.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Prices-for-Selected-Carbon-Pricing-Initiatives.png 709w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Prices-for-Selected-Carbon-Pricing-Initiatives-160x65.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prices for Selected Carbon Initiatives \u003ccite>(Hamilton Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study says that in 2020, based on policy that’s planned or in effect, 80% of the world’s emissions will remain unpriced. The U.S. will be pricing just 1% of global emissions, Europe 5.5% and China 7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solutions outlined in the paper are much less sweeping than what is being called for by some of the current Democratic candidates for president. Proponents of a Green New Deal-style climate program, they are calling for a price on carbon, but also more aggressive action, including regulations to promote rapid decarbonization and investment in clean-energy jobs by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors released the study Wednesday, timed to coincide with a Brookings and Stanford policy \u003ca href=\"https://www.hamiltonproject.org/events/economic_policy_innovations_to_combat_climate_change\">forum\u003c/a> on economic policy innovations to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Micro Power Grids Emerge as Way to Keep Electricity on During Shutoffs",
"headTitle": "Micro Power Grids Emerge as Way to Keep Electricity on During Shutoffs | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For two days, life in Northern and Central California was completely upended by PG&E’s power shutdowns, affecting hundreds of thousands of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday night, Gov. Gavin Newsom called a primetime press conference to publicly dress down the state’s largest investor-owned utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom placed the blame for the chaos squarely on the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Fremont Sustainabiity Coordinator Rachel DiFranco, speaking about city fire stations with small-scale power grids\"]‘There, we don’t have anything to worry about.’[/pullquote]“This is not, from my perspective, a climate change story as much as a story about greed and mismanagement over the course of decades,” he said. “Neglect. A desire to advance not public safety, but profits. Over the course of years and years and years, the kind of hardening of the grid was not done. Those were decisions made by Pacific Gas and Electric.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewind to 8 a.m., Wednesday, when Rachel DiFranco, Fremont’s sustainability coordinator, drove to work expecting PG&E’s blackouts to roll across the city within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials and first responders were stressed about the potential impacts. But one key aspect of public safety they could scratch off their list of anxieties: three Fremont fire stations outfitted with a sophisticated power system designed to keep running when the grid goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There, we don’t have anything to worry about,” DiFranco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because Fremont is one of the first cities in the U.S. to install a microgrid, a small, self-contained electrical system, around a fire station. Fremont’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/startup-microgrids-fire-stations#gs.9d2sl3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microgrid\u003c/a> includes solar panels, batteries and a generator. Control software allows the stations to operate independently from PG&E’s grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The controller cuts over and pulls that power from the solar and battery,” DiFranco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, PG&E invested billions of dollars to inspect its lines, build \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942292/pge-wants-to-make-a-massive-investment-in-weather-stations-heres-why\">weather stations\u003c/a> to monitor fire conditions, and take other measures to protect it from liability in connection with sparking another fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the shutoffs that disrupted life throughout the Bay Area this week underscored, once again, that PG&E’s grid technology is old and lacks flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for lawmakers to \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jump\u003c/a> on PG&E. They accused the investor-owned utility of applying a jackhammer approach to a precision problem. The outages renewed questions about why the company did not include resilient grid technology like Fremont’s in its wildfire mitigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750896/cpuc-pge-deenergization-wildfire-safety-power-shutoffs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco State Sen. Scott Wiener said in an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\">KPIX\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\"> 5\u003c/a> that the shutdowns need to be as focused as possible. State Sen. Jerry Hill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11779285/life-in-pges-blackout-outrage-and-optimism-on-day-2-of-outages\">sent\u003c/a> a letter to regulators on Wednesday pushing them to review the shutoffs and regulate them more aggressively in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sumeet Singh, the executive in charge of PG&E’s wildfire response, explained in a press conference that the utility cut power as a “last resort” to ensure the safety of its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh said that one reason the shutoffs were impacting so many people is that regulators expanded guidelines for power shutoffs to include high-voltage lines. The utility complied, affecting many more customers than otherwise would have occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utility Commission is examining how projects like the one in Fremont can help shore up the system and make power shutoffs less disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, similar projects are at the Santa Rita \u003ca href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/santa-rita-jail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jail\u003c/a> in Alameda County and a Kaiser \u003ca href=\"https://lookinside.kaiserpermanente.org/powering-up-for-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital\u003c/a> in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one Bay Area microgrid deployed during the outages last week. Stone Edge Farm, an organic farm and vineyard, is located in an area of Sonoma affected by the shutdowns. The farm’s solar and battery system kept power to three households, a woodworking shop, two car storage barns, trailers, a spa, and a refrigeration van that stored food for local restaurants, according to an email on Friday afternoon from the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, California lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1339\">SB 1339\u003c/a>, which required the California Public Utilities Commission to support the commercialization of more systems by Dec. 1, 2020. Last month, the power regulator opened a \u003ca href=\"https://apps.cpuc.ca.gov/apex/f?p=401:56:0::NO:RP,57,RIR:P5_PROCEEDING_SELECT:R1909009\">proceeding\u003c/a> to coordinate microgrids in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable energy advocates say that the outages should refocus PG&E on newer technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are going to see more microgrids as part of the overall strategy,” Michael Colvin, director of the Environmental Defense Fund’s California Energy program said. “The shutoffs will drive these investments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Gas and Electric operates a microgrid at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/more-information/environment/smart-grid/microgrids\">Borrego\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/more-information/environment/smart-grid/microgrids\">Springs\u003c/a>, and the utility has submitted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/S1950020-0519_poster4_.jpg?nid=12796\">plan\u003c/a> to regulators to build more throughout San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom praised the company, calling it “arguably one of the nation’s most effective and efficient” investor-owned utilities. For years, SDG&E has been turning off power lines when the wildfire risk is high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s $2.4 million project was developed by Gridscape Solutions, a renewable-energy-project developer based in the city itself. The California Energy Commission chipped in $1.8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the solar panels and batteries offer a consistent source of power, the city estimates that the system will save $250,000 in power costs over a 10-year period, and that it will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 80,000 pounds each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Personal Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, when Derek Krause, a retired firefighter, was at home in the Oakland foothills, he looked out the window and saw that the rest of the neighborhood, unlike in his house, was black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grid was down, Krause, realized. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunrun.com/solar-battery-storage\">battery\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunrun.com/solar-battery-storage\">pack\u003c/a> and solar panels he’d installed were keeping his lights on. Most of the time, his system is dormant, quietly feeding power back to PG&E’s grid, and giving Krause a break on his electricity bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with exploring commercial microgrids, commission officials expanded \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M312/K684/312684664.PDF\">incentives\u003c/a> for residential solar and battery systems like the one Krause owns. This \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/pge-puts-its-widescale-fire-prevention-power-outage-plan-into-effect#gs.9gi2zv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">includes\u003c/a> $100 million for fire-prone districts, the money designated for low-income households and homes with people with chronic medical conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk, CEO of automaker Tesla, and Lynn Jurich, CEO of Sunrun, a solar energy company, were quick to promote their products as a consumer solution for the recent power outages on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/LynnJurich/status/1182391894740877313?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1182089226826813440?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with manufacturing cars, Tesla also makes solar roofs and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/18/474346868/a-rare-look-inside-the-gigafactory-tesla-hopes-will-revolutionize-energy-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">batteries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, as he struggled to find out whether his home would be one of the hundreds of thousands affected by PG&E’s shutoff, Krause’s memory of the last shutoff provided peace of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had no luck using the PG&E website,” he said. “There was some kind of a map, but I plugged my address in and it said the system was down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Audrey Lee, an executive at Sunrun, the residential solar and battery company that made Krause’s system, said the company’s products can allow consumers to keep the power on even when the grid is down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s real for customers right now,” Lee said of the shutoffs. “We knew this was coming but it doesn’t rise to top of mind until it really happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent report, her company argued for a mass deployment of batteries and residential solar power across neighborhoods. Sunrun described this as a \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">virtual\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">power\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">plant\u003c/a> that operates like a neighborhood version of Fremont’s fire stations. The company is \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/185/sunrun-solar-and-battery-systems-to-help-replace-retiring\">piloting\u003c/a> a project in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunrun expects the tailwind of the shutoff events to drive homeowners’ interest in backup power systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its pitch to customers is that the solar-and-battery systems are cleaner than diesel generators in emergencies and save customers money on their energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scary story to me is that if people invest in fossil fuel generators en masse,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For two days, life in Northern and Central California was completely upended by PG&E’s power shutdowns, affecting hundreds of thousands of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday night, Gov. Gavin Newsom called a primetime press conference to publicly dress down the state’s largest investor-owned utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom placed the blame for the chaos squarely on the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘There, we don’t have anything to worry about.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is not, from my perspective, a climate change story as much as a story about greed and mismanagement over the course of decades,” he said. “Neglect. A desire to advance not public safety, but profits. Over the course of years and years and years, the kind of hardening of the grid was not done. Those were decisions made by Pacific Gas and Electric.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewind to 8 a.m., Wednesday, when Rachel DiFranco, Fremont’s sustainability coordinator, drove to work expecting PG&E’s blackouts to roll across the city within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials and first responders were stressed about the potential impacts. But one key aspect of public safety they could scratch off their list of anxieties: three Fremont fire stations outfitted with a sophisticated power system designed to keep running when the grid goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There, we don’t have anything to worry about,” DiFranco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because Fremont is one of the first cities in the U.S. to install a microgrid, a small, self-contained electrical system, around a fire station. Fremont’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/startup-microgrids-fire-stations#gs.9d2sl3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microgrid\u003c/a> includes solar panels, batteries and a generator. Control software allows the stations to operate independently from PG&E’s grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The controller cuts over and pulls that power from the solar and battery,” DiFranco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, PG&E invested billions of dollars to inspect its lines, build \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942292/pge-wants-to-make-a-massive-investment-in-weather-stations-heres-why\">weather stations\u003c/a> to monitor fire conditions, and take other measures to protect it from liability in connection with sparking another fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the shutoffs that disrupted life throughout the Bay Area this week underscored, once again, that PG&E’s grid technology is old and lacks flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for lawmakers to \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jump\u003c/a> on PG&E. They accused the investor-owned utility of applying a jackhammer approach to a precision problem. The outages renewed questions about why the company did not include resilient grid technology like Fremont’s in its wildfire mitigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750896/cpuc-pge-deenergization-wildfire-safety-power-shutoffs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco State Sen. Scott Wiener said in an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\">KPIX\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\"> 5\u003c/a> that the shutdowns need to be as focused as possible. State Sen. Jerry Hill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11779285/life-in-pges-blackout-outrage-and-optimism-on-day-2-of-outages\">sent\u003c/a> a letter to regulators on Wednesday pushing them to review the shutoffs and regulate them more aggressively in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sumeet Singh, the executive in charge of PG&E’s wildfire response, explained in a press conference that the utility cut power as a “last resort” to ensure the safety of its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh said that one reason the shutoffs were impacting so many people is that regulators expanded guidelines for power shutoffs to include high-voltage lines. The utility complied, affecting many more customers than otherwise would have occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utility Commission is examining how projects like the one in Fremont can help shore up the system and make power shutoffs less disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, similar projects are at the Santa Rita \u003ca href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/santa-rita-jail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jail\u003c/a> in Alameda County and a Kaiser \u003ca href=\"https://lookinside.kaiserpermanente.org/powering-up-for-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital\u003c/a> in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one Bay Area microgrid deployed during the outages last week. Stone Edge Farm, an organic farm and vineyard, is located in an area of Sonoma affected by the shutdowns. The farm’s solar and battery system kept power to three households, a woodworking shop, two car storage barns, trailers, a spa, and a refrigeration van that stored food for local restaurants, according to an email on Friday afternoon from the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, California lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1339\">SB 1339\u003c/a>, which required the California Public Utilities Commission to support the commercialization of more systems by Dec. 1, 2020. Last month, the power regulator opened a \u003ca href=\"https://apps.cpuc.ca.gov/apex/f?p=401:56:0::NO:RP,57,RIR:P5_PROCEEDING_SELECT:R1909009\">proceeding\u003c/a> to coordinate microgrids in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable energy advocates say that the outages should refocus PG&E on newer technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are going to see more microgrids as part of the overall strategy,” Michael Colvin, director of the Environmental Defense Fund’s California Energy program said. “The shutoffs will drive these investments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Gas and Electric operates a microgrid at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/more-information/environment/smart-grid/microgrids\">Borrego\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/more-information/environment/smart-grid/microgrids\">Springs\u003c/a>, and the utility has submitted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/S1950020-0519_poster4_.jpg?nid=12796\">plan\u003c/a> to regulators to build more throughout San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom praised the company, calling it “arguably one of the nation’s most effective and efficient” investor-owned utilities. For years, SDG&E has been turning off power lines when the wildfire risk is high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s $2.4 million project was developed by Gridscape Solutions, a renewable-energy-project developer based in the city itself. The California Energy Commission chipped in $1.8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the solar panels and batteries offer a consistent source of power, the city estimates that the system will save $250,000 in power costs over a 10-year period, and that it will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 80,000 pounds each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Personal Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, when Derek Krause, a retired firefighter, was at home in the Oakland foothills, he looked out the window and saw that the rest of the neighborhood, unlike in his house, was black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grid was down, Krause, realized. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunrun.com/solar-battery-storage\">battery\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunrun.com/solar-battery-storage\">pack\u003c/a> and solar panels he’d installed were keeping his lights on. Most of the time, his system is dormant, quietly feeding power back to PG&E’s grid, and giving Krause a break on his electricity bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with exploring commercial microgrids, commission officials expanded \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M312/K684/312684664.PDF\">incentives\u003c/a> for residential solar and battery systems like the one Krause owns. This \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/pge-puts-its-widescale-fire-prevention-power-outage-plan-into-effect#gs.9gi2zv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">includes\u003c/a> $100 million for fire-prone districts, the money designated for low-income households and homes with people with chronic medical conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk, CEO of automaker Tesla, and Lynn Jurich, CEO of Sunrun, a solar energy company, were quick to promote their products as a consumer solution for the recent power outages on social media.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Along with manufacturing cars, Tesla also makes solar roofs and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/18/474346868/a-rare-look-inside-the-gigafactory-tesla-hopes-will-revolutionize-energy-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">batteries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, as he struggled to find out whether his home would be one of the hundreds of thousands affected by PG&E’s shutoff, Krause’s memory of the last shutoff provided peace of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had no luck using the PG&E website,” he said. “There was some kind of a map, but I plugged my address in and it said the system was down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Audrey Lee, an executive at Sunrun, the residential solar and battery company that made Krause’s system, said the company’s products can allow consumers to keep the power on even when the grid is down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s real for customers right now,” Lee said of the shutoffs. “We knew this was coming but it doesn’t rise to top of mind until it really happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent report, her company argued for a mass deployment of batteries and residential solar power across neighborhoods. Sunrun described this as a \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">virtual\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">power\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">plant\u003c/a> that operates like a neighborhood version of Fremont’s fire stations. The company is \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/185/sunrun-solar-and-battery-systems-to-help-replace-retiring\">piloting\u003c/a> a project in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunrun expects the tailwind of the shutoff events to drive homeowners’ interest in backup power systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its pitch to customers is that the solar-and-battery systems are cleaner than diesel generators in emergencies and save customers money on their energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scary story to me is that if people invest in fossil fuel generators en masse,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Safe to Eat Is the Food In Your Fridge During a Power Outage?",
"headTitle": "How Safe to Eat Is the Food In Your Fridge During a Power Outage? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>With millions of Californians living without electricity during PG&E’s public safety power shutoffs, food safety experts are warning residents to be careful about eating perishable food from their refrigerators and freezers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, food in a refrigerator will stay safe for four hours if the door is kept closed. Food in a full freezer will keep for about 48 hours, while a half-full freezer will hold for around 24 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts caution “when in doubt, throw it out.” But there are ways to make sure your food stays edible as long as possible. A few tips …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Before a Power Shutoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Put ice packs or frozen containers of water in your fridge or freezer to help keep the temperature low. You can also buy dry ice or block ice to keep the food cold.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Freeze items you don’t need right away, like meat, poultry and leftovers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Keep the food bunched together in your freezer to help it stay cold longer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>During a Power Shutoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you think the power will be out for longer than four hours, you can transfer perishable food to the freezer or to a cooler with ice packs to extend its life. Make sure to keep replenishing the ice in the cooler to keep it cold.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Keep the fridge and freezer doors closed as much as you can.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Put a thermometer in your fridge. The magic number is 40 degrees Fahrenheit, because above that temperature, bacteria can proliferate. If the temperature rises above 40 degrees, the food should be discarded after two hours. “Try to use them within two hours, but if they stay above 40 degrees for two hours, bacteria may have grown so fast in there that you could get sick,” said Maribel Alonso, USDA food safety expert.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Some foods, like hard cheeses, uncut vegetables, and breads and tortillas, are safe for longer, since they’re only refrigerated for quality, not safety. \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See this chart\u003c/a> for a full list.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After a Power Shutoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If your refrigerator’s temperature rose above 40 degrees for two hours, discard perishables like meat, poultry and leftovers. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">foods \u003c/a>such as uncut vegetables and fruits, soy sauce, peanut butter, jelly and other items on \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this list\u003c/a> can still be consumed.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>In your freezer, food can be refrozen if it stayed below 40 degrees. \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See this chart\u003c/a> for information on specific foods. “If they still have ice crystals or you see blocks of ice in the packages, you can refreeze them,” said Alonso. “You lose some quality, but it’s not a safety issue.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Never taste food to see if it’s gone bad! Use a meat thermometer to see whether the internal temperature is below 40 degrees. If not, chuck the food. Again, when in doubt, throw it out.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Remember, some people are especially at risk for foodborne illness. “If you have very young children or pregnant women or cancer survivors, they can’t take risks,” said Alonso. “Their immune systems are not as strong.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Still have questions? The USDA has food safety experts available at 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You've really only got four hours until food starts spoiling, but there are some ways to extend its life.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With millions of Californians living without electricity during PG&E’s public safety power shutoffs, food safety experts are warning residents to be careful about eating perishable food from their refrigerators and freezers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, food in a refrigerator will stay safe for four hours if the door is kept closed. Food in a full freezer will keep for about 48 hours, while a half-full freezer will hold for around 24 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts caution “when in doubt, throw it out.” But there are ways to make sure your food stays edible as long as possible. A few tips …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Before a Power Shutoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Put ice packs or frozen containers of water in your fridge or freezer to help keep the temperature low. You can also buy dry ice or block ice to keep the food cold.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Freeze items you don’t need right away, like meat, poultry and leftovers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Keep the food bunched together in your freezer to help it stay cold longer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>During a Power Shutoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you think the power will be out for longer than four hours, you can transfer perishable food to the freezer or to a cooler with ice packs to extend its life. Make sure to keep replenishing the ice in the cooler to keep it cold.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Keep the fridge and freezer doors closed as much as you can.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Put a thermometer in your fridge. The magic number is 40 degrees Fahrenheit, because above that temperature, bacteria can proliferate. If the temperature rises above 40 degrees, the food should be discarded after two hours. “Try to use them within two hours, but if they stay above 40 degrees for two hours, bacteria may have grown so fast in there that you could get sick,” said Maribel Alonso, USDA food safety expert.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Some foods, like hard cheeses, uncut vegetables, and breads and tortillas, are safe for longer, since they’re only refrigerated for quality, not safety. \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See this chart\u003c/a> for a full list.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After a Power Shutoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If your refrigerator’s temperature rose above 40 degrees for two hours, discard perishables like meat, poultry and leftovers. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">foods \u003c/a>such as uncut vegetables and fruits, soy sauce, peanut butter, jelly and other items on \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this list\u003c/a> can still be consumed.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>In your freezer, food can be refrozen if it stayed below 40 degrees. \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/food-safety-during-power-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See this chart\u003c/a> for information on specific foods. “If they still have ice crystals or you see blocks of ice in the packages, you can refreeze them,” said Alonso. “You lose some quality, but it’s not a safety issue.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Never taste food to see if it’s gone bad! Use a meat thermometer to see whether the internal temperature is below 40 degrees. If not, chuck the food. Again, when in doubt, throw it out.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Remember, some people are especially at risk for foodborne illness. “If you have very young children or pregnant women or cancer survivors, they can’t take risks,” said Alonso. “Their immune systems are not as strong.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Still have questions? The USDA has food safety experts available at 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Your SUV Is Really Messing With California's Climate Plans",
"headTitle": "Your SUV Is Really Messing With California’s Climate Plans | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A couple of years ago, environmental groups and state leaders cheered when California reported it had reached its 2020 emissions target four years \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-adv-california-climate-pollution-20180722-story.html\">early\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to meeting California’s ambitious 2030-and- beyond climate goals, it appears to be way too early to pop any celebratory champagne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]Emissions from the transportation sector soared to a record high, as more people drove more miles in larger, less-efficient trucks and SUVs. These gas guzzlers made up 57% of new vehicle registrations in the fourth quarter of 2018, up from 39% five years ago.[/pullquote] According to the latest report from the annual California Green Innovation Index, at its current rate of emissions reduction, the state is 31 years behind its 2030 goal, which it wouldn’t meet until 2061.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California is to meet the 2030 target, a 40% reduction in greenhouse gases from 1990 levels, the state needs to cut emissions about three times faster than the current rate. The outlook for California reaching its 2050 goal — an 80% reduction compared to 1990 — is even bleaker. At its current pace, the state will overshoot that goal by a full century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the latest report, by researchers at Beacon Economics and is not the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ghg-inventory-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">official greenhouse gas inventory\u003c/a>, California reduced emissions by just over 1 percent from 2017 to 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could be decades behind if we don’t implement an ambitious new set of innovative policies, and that’s a big if,” said Noel Perry, founder of Next 10, the nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that releases the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry called the numbers, which draw on nearly a decade’s worth of data, “a wakeup call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Wildfire Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wildfires in 2018 emitted an estimated 45.5 million metric tons of CO2, a 24% increase from 2017, when California wildfires released an estimated total of 26.7 million metric tons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, wildfires in California produced “an estimated nine times more emissions than were reduced across the entire state’s economy the year prior,” according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board, which is in charge of implementing the state’s emissions reduction policies, is pushing back on the report’s inclusion of these emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanley Young, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, said it is a “mistake to compare carbon released by wildfire with human-caused emissions” because carbon released by wildfires is part of the natural carbon cycle, while emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are the result of extracting carbon that otherwise would stay in the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Young acknowledged that the state’s 2030 goal is going to be a heavy lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, California published a \u003ca style=\"font-weight: bold\" href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf\">plan\u003c/a> to achieve reductions that are “cost-effective” and “technologically feasible,” said Young. But they are going to require “continued legislative and funding support,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to Gov. Gavin Newsom’s emissions \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945609/california-and-carmakers-reach-clean-vehicle-agreement-rebuking-trump-administration\">agreement\u003c/a> with four major car companies, and the state’s investment of hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue from its cap-and-trade program towards incentives for electric vehicles, as examples of “California’s full-throated commitment to transforming the transportation sector, where we face the biggest challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Policy Changes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make the necessary reductions in emissions, Californians will need to make drastic changes in the way they get around, build homes, manufacture goods and consume energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California historically has shown its ability to use policy and technology innovation to make dramatic shifts in carbon reductions,” Perry said. “We’ve seen that through renewable energy and also in energy efficiency. Although the news is sobering, if California were to galvanize together and create new regulations and new policies that help to drive the reduction of emissions, I think that it is quite possible that we can hit our ambitious policy goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not that California isn’t making progress. In fact, the state’s energy sector is slashing carbon emission, particularly from its electricity grid, at the same time the economy has been growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1990, the state’s GDP increased by 41% while per capita planet-warming gas emissions fell by 25%, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re finally seeing a lot of research and development investment start to pay off,” said Adam Fowler, director of research at Beacon. “Renewable energy has reached a tipping point in terms of being increasingly cost competitive with fossil fuels, and that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that emissions from other sectors are flat or, in the case of transportation, rising. Transportation-related carbon pollution remains the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in California, mostly because of personal vehicles, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, emissions from the transportation sector soared to a record high, as more people drove more miles in larger, less-efficient trucks and SUVs. These vehicles made up 57% of new registrations in state in the fourth quarter of 2018, up from 39% five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has been a shift in consumer preference toward what have historically been less efficient vehicles,” Fowler said. “This is probably one of the most sobering points from the report. Breakthroughs in these hard to reach sectors are going to require ambitious policy setting to push our economic and climate goals forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other key takeaways from the report:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The state’s renewable energy sector is strong. In 2017, for the first time, a greater portion of California’s power mix came from renewable energy sources like wind and solar than from fossil fuels\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Renewable resources like hydroelectric, solar and wind are increasingly replacing natural gas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Electric vehicle sales are rising, with adoption up 37% in 2018 over the previous year. Still, while electric, hybrid, and even hydrogen vehicles are more popular, at the current pace, they will account for just 2% of all the cars registered on the road by the end of 2019.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Emissions from landfills continue to rise, jumping about 7% in 2017. At the same time, the state’s recycling rate declined. At this rate, California is not on track to meet its goal of a 75% recycling rate by the year 2020, Fowler said.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Soaring emissions from vehicles are a big factor in limiting the state's greenhouse gas reductions, according to a new report. At the current pace, California is 31 years behind hitting its 2030 target.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> According to the latest report from the annual California Green Innovation Index, at its current rate of emissions reduction, the state is 31 years behind its 2030 goal, which it wouldn’t meet until 2061.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California is to meet the 2030 target, a 40% reduction in greenhouse gases from 1990 levels, the state needs to cut emissions about three times faster than the current rate. The outlook for California reaching its 2050 goal — an 80% reduction compared to 1990 — is even bleaker. At its current pace, the state will overshoot that goal by a full century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the latest report, by researchers at Beacon Economics and is not the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ghg-inventory-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">official greenhouse gas inventory\u003c/a>, California reduced emissions by just over 1 percent from 2017 to 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could be decades behind if we don’t implement an ambitious new set of innovative policies, and that’s a big if,” said Noel Perry, founder of Next 10, the nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that releases the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry called the numbers, which draw on nearly a decade’s worth of data, “a wakeup call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Wildfire Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wildfires in 2018 emitted an estimated 45.5 million metric tons of CO2, a 24% increase from 2017, when California wildfires released an estimated total of 26.7 million metric tons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, wildfires in California produced “an estimated nine times more emissions than were reduced across the entire state’s economy the year prior,” according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board, which is in charge of implementing the state’s emissions reduction policies, is pushing back on the report’s inclusion of these emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanley Young, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, said it is a “mistake to compare carbon released by wildfire with human-caused emissions” because carbon released by wildfires is part of the natural carbon cycle, while emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are the result of extracting carbon that otherwise would stay in the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Young acknowledged that the state’s 2030 goal is going to be a heavy lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, California published a \u003ca style=\"font-weight: bold\" href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf\">plan\u003c/a> to achieve reductions that are “cost-effective” and “technologically feasible,” said Young. But they are going to require “continued legislative and funding support,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to Gov. Gavin Newsom’s emissions \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945609/california-and-carmakers-reach-clean-vehicle-agreement-rebuking-trump-administration\">agreement\u003c/a> with four major car companies, and the state’s investment of hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue from its cap-and-trade program towards incentives for electric vehicles, as examples of “California’s full-throated commitment to transforming the transportation sector, where we face the biggest challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Policy Changes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make the necessary reductions in emissions, Californians will need to make drastic changes in the way they get around, build homes, manufacture goods and consume energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California historically has shown its ability to use policy and technology innovation to make dramatic shifts in carbon reductions,” Perry said. “We’ve seen that through renewable energy and also in energy efficiency. Although the news is sobering, if California were to galvanize together and create new regulations and new policies that help to drive the reduction of emissions, I think that it is quite possible that we can hit our ambitious policy goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not that California isn’t making progress. In fact, the state’s energy sector is slashing carbon emission, particularly from its electricity grid, at the same time the economy has been growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1990, the state’s GDP increased by 41% while per capita planet-warming gas emissions fell by 25%, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re finally seeing a lot of research and development investment start to pay off,” said Adam Fowler, director of research at Beacon. “Renewable energy has reached a tipping point in terms of being increasingly cost competitive with fossil fuels, and that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that emissions from other sectors are flat or, in the case of transportation, rising. Transportation-related carbon pollution remains the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in California, mostly because of personal vehicles, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, emissions from the transportation sector soared to a record high, as more people drove more miles in larger, less-efficient trucks and SUVs. These vehicles made up 57% of new registrations in state in the fourth quarter of 2018, up from 39% five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has been a shift in consumer preference toward what have historically been less efficient vehicles,” Fowler said. “This is probably one of the most sobering points from the report. Breakthroughs in these hard to reach sectors are going to require ambitious policy setting to push our economic and climate goals forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other key takeaways from the report:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The state’s renewable energy sector is strong. In 2017, for the first time, a greater portion of California’s power mix came from renewable energy sources like wind and solar than from fossil fuels\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Renewable resources like hydroelectric, solar and wind are increasingly replacing natural gas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Electric vehicle sales are rising, with adoption up 37% in 2018 over the previous year. Still, while electric, hybrid, and even hydrogen vehicles are more popular, at the current pace, they will account for just 2% of all the cars registered on the road by the end of 2019.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Emissions from landfills continue to rise, jumping about 7% in 2017. At the same time, the state’s recycling rate declined. At this rate, California is not on track to meet its goal of a 75% recycling rate by the year 2020, Fowler said.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Hotter Fires Are Transforming California's Forests",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hotter-burning wildfires are transforming California’s forests, and not for the better. A new \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.2882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> from UC Davis finds high-intensity fires leave fewer trees and a less diverse population of plants behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re finding that high intensity, really dangerous fires … are becoming more frequent,” said Clark Richter, a graduate student in ecology at UC Davis. “They’re burning a larger area than was typical historically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Clark Richter, UC Davis\"]‘We’re finding that high intensity, really dangerous fires … are becoming more frequent.’[/pullquote]Richter and a team sampled plants across patches of land in the Sierra Nevada that were burned in at least eight fires over the last 20 years. Their goal was to get a better picture of what happened to plants in the forest understory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richter calls the current pattern of fire in California, one where fires burn intensely hot, “novel.” He and a research team saw that “when fire climbs up into the canopy, it often kills the adult trees,” he said. “And that causes a dramatic change to the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those intense fires transform forest into shrubland. And according to Richter, the more frequent and the larger the area burned at these high-severity sites, the larger the shrub fields left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Less Diversity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Field sampling by the researchers found less plant diversity on the landscape after high-intensity fires, especially in shrublands. And when fire returns to that landscape, it’s more likely “that system is going to continue to be a high-severity site, that’s going to continue to be a shrub field potentially indefinitely,” Richter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t always this way in California’s yellow pine mixed-conifer forests, Richter says. Historically, the fires that burned these forests at elevation were low- and moderate-intensity. “These weren’t really fierce, fierce fires with really tall flame lengths in the canopies of trees,” Richter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richter thinks of these less-intense fires as recurring events that “chew up” but don’t destroy understory fuels on the ground, thus preserving an array of plants after the fire is out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study supports the idea that active management of forests, including reducing tree density and managing understory growth with prescribed fire and mechanical means, promotes ecosystem health. The study’s authors acknowledged the challenges to managing forests this way, including increased costs and legal opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Richter said, “Our concern is that if these shrub fields continue to burn, that there will be an overall loss of understory plant diversity in these sites at a landscape level.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hotter-burning wildfires are transforming California’s forests, and not for the better. A new \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.2882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> from UC Davis finds high-intensity fires leave fewer trees and a less diverse population of plants behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re finding that high intensity, really dangerous fires … are becoming more frequent,” said Clark Richter, a graduate student in ecology at UC Davis. “They’re burning a larger area than was typical historically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Richter and a team sampled plants across patches of land in the Sierra Nevada that were burned in at least eight fires over the last 20 years. Their goal was to get a better picture of what happened to plants in the forest understory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richter calls the current pattern of fire in California, one where fires burn intensely hot, “novel.” He and a research team saw that “when fire climbs up into the canopy, it often kills the adult trees,” he said. “And that causes a dramatic change to the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those intense fires transform forest into shrubland. And according to Richter, the more frequent and the larger the area burned at these high-severity sites, the larger the shrub fields left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Less Diversity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Field sampling by the researchers found less plant diversity on the landscape after high-intensity fires, especially in shrublands. And when fire returns to that landscape, it’s more likely “that system is going to continue to be a high-severity site, that’s going to continue to be a shrub field potentially indefinitely,” Richter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t always this way in California’s yellow pine mixed-conifer forests, Richter says. Historically, the fires that burned these forests at elevation were low- and moderate-intensity. “These weren’t really fierce, fierce fires with really tall flame lengths in the canopies of trees,” Richter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richter thinks of these less-intense fires as recurring events that “chew up” but don’t destroy understory fuels on the ground, thus preserving an array of plants after the fire is out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study supports the idea that active management of forests, including reducing tree density and managing understory growth with prescribed fire and mechanical means, promotes ecosystem health. The study’s authors acknowledged the challenges to managing forests this way, including increased costs and legal opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Richter said, “Our concern is that if these shrub fields continue to burn, that there will be an overall loss of understory plant diversity in these sites at a landscape level.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Fire, Rock Slides, and Floods: UN Report Details Growing Warming Threat in the Mountains",
"headTitle": "Fire, Rock Slides, and Floods: UN Report Details Growing Warming Threat in the Mountains | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>With ominous orange-gray smoke clouds seething on the western horizon, it’s easy to understand how Colorado’s highest city and other mountain communities are directly threatened by global warming. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote align='right' citation='Heidi Steltzer, biologist at Fort Lewis College']‘Concern, commitment and action on climate change should not depend on which places, species or people are impacted. Instead, they should be motivated by compassion.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain snowpack is shrinking and melting earlier in the spring. Warmer and longer summers dry out vegetation and increase the threat of wildfires in western mountain forests, where the fire season has \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/86268/longer-more-frequent-fire-seasons\">lengthened\u003c/a> by at least a month since 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing wildfire risk is just part of an accelerating cycle of global warming impacts in the world’s mountain regions, according to a new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25092019/ipcc-cryosphere-ocean-report-climate-change-sea-level-rise-greenland-antarctica\">report\u003c/a> that includes a \u003ca href=\"https://report.ipcc.ch/srocc/pdf/SROCC_FinalDraft_Chapter2.pdf\">section\u003c/a> focused on mountains for the first time in more than 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Snow cover duration has declined in nearly all regions, especially at lower elevations, on average by five days per decade,” the mountain chapter of the IPCC report says. On average across Western North America, the European Alps and High Mountain Asia, temperatures are warming by 0.54 degrees Fahrenheit per decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s melting glaciers and changing mountain river flows, disrupting plants and wildlife, and increasing the risk of extreme \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26092018/climate-change-mountains-landslide-hazard-thawing-permafrost-rockfall-extreme-weather-glaciers-global-warming\">rockslides\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08032019/avalanche-climate-change-risk-snow-storm-forecast-colorado-switzerland\">avalanches\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06082018/global-warming-climate-change-floods-california-oroville-dam-scientists\">mountain floods\u003c/a> caused by rain falling on snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, global warming impacts represent an existential threat to millions of people in the Andes, the Himalaya, the European Alps, and the U.S. Mountain West including Alaska, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/heidimountains\">Heidi Steltzer\u003c/a>, a biologist at Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado, and a lead author of the mountain chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shrinking glaciers and snow harm Indigenous Peoples and rural communities greatly. Concern, commitment and action on climate change should not depend on which places, species or people are impacted. Instead, they should be motivated by compassion,” Steltzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Reliability \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Crested Butte, about 100 miles southwest of Leadville, hydrologist and physicist Rosemary Carroll studies how \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07062016/unabated-global-warming-threatens-west-snowpack-water-rocky-mountains-sierra-nevada-drought\">disruptions\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07062016/unabated-global-warming-threatens-west-snowpack-water-rocky-mountains-sierra-nevada-drought\">to the water cycle\u003c/a> will affect local ranchers and ski areas, as well as drinking and agricultural water supplies hundreds of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC assessment found that global warming will change the timing and amount of runoff, “affecting water storage and delivery infrastructure around the world,” a finding backed by research focusing on the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GL068798\">study\u003c/a> in six Western mountain ranges showed rising temperatures will shift the snow accumulation zone and runoff timing enough to have significant impacts on water cycles. And some towns in the Rockies and Sierra Nevada are at risk from \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06082018/global-warming-climate-change-floods-california-oroville-dam-scientists\">dangerous flash floods\u003c/a> as global warming brings rain, rather than snow, to some mountain regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carroll pointed out her living room window to a craggy ridgeline where she measures how water from melted snow trickles through rocks and meadows down to the East River, on to the Gunnison River and finally into the mighty Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new normal is that the snowpack is melting earlier and we have earlier runoff, and that’s a fact. There’s going to be less water for a given snowpack,” she said. Even in average snowfall years, global warming is reducing the amount of available water for irrigation and storage, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her research for the University of Nevada’s Desert Research Institute and the U.S. Department of Energy will help communities adapt as global warming disrupts flows from mountain streams. Around Crested Butte, the ski industry and local ranchers will feel the changes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But addressing those impacts isn’t as easy as just throwing a new report on the table. Translating science into action requires working with stakeholders from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ranchers know what’s happening, they know that things are shifting, but they’re afraid the policy will shift in a way that they will carry the burden of the change. Since they have most of the water, they fear they will have to give up the most, and that it won’t be equitable,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states that get their water from the Colorado River are already restructuring \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/31012019/colorado-river-water-crisis-climate-science-state-conservation-plans\">water-sharing agreements\u003c/a> to stave off shortages and trying to develop new storage plans to account for extreme wet and dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Goodbye to Glaciers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming will change nearly every mountain ecosystem, starting with the very visible meltdown of glaciers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the European Alps, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alpenverein.at/portal/news/aktuelle_news/2018/2018_04_06_gletscherbericht.php\">some glaciers retreated by as much 410 feet\u003c/a> last year — imagine the Empire State Building shrinking by a third. Globally, the world’s glaciers have lost 9 trillion tons of ice since 1961, raising sea level by about 1 inch, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Glaciers_lose_nine_trillion_tonnes_of_ice_in_half_a_century\">European Space Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As glaciers melt, they create a series of risks: newly formed meltwater lakes can burst through their banks, flooding towns and farms below. And as the ice dwindles, that will significantly change the timing and amount of water available for hydropower production and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with disrupting ecosystems and downstream communities that rely on glacier meltwater, global warming in the mountains will cause emotional and cultural loss as cherished landscapes vanish. In Switzerland, people recently held a memorial service for the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/matthias_huss/status/1176117412997062656\">disappearing Pizol Glacier\u003c/a> as a way of dealing with that grief, a sometimes overlooked component of climate resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_full\">\n\u003cp>The physical threats are real and growing, said Swiss glaciologist Matthias Huss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If greenhouse gas emissions peak in the next few years and then start to decline, glaciers in the European Alps will lose two-thirds of their current ice. With continued high emissions, the glaciers will all but vanish, with only 5 percent of the current ice remaining, Huss and colleagues found in recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/13/1125/2019/\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26092018/climate-change-mountains-landslide-hazard-thawing-permafrost-rockfall-extreme-weather-glaciers-global-warming\">An increase in rockfall events\u003c/a>, and flooding from glacier lakes, also due to more extreme weather events, is likely,” Huss said. “I think European countries are prepared, and they have the financial means to adapt. It will be much more difficult for developing countries to adapt to the challenges in mountain regions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme storms that destroy forests and damage roads and railroad lines could also become more frequent in the world’s mountains, although climate models aren’t yet localized enough to project such changes accurately, the IPCC assessment concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t be cheap to redesign and rebuild water infrastructure, Huss said. In some snow-dependent communities, the meltdown will also drive wrenching cultural and economic changes. But “one could also see this as a chance for major development toward a more sustainable way to live on our planet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adapting Food Crops\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what University of Colorado researcher Tsegay Wolde-Georgis was thinking when he led a \u003ca href=\"https://instaar.colorado.edu/news-events/instaar-news/apple-trees-in-atebes-cultivating-climate-resilience-in-an-ethiopian-villag/\">project\u003c/a> in the early 2000s to cultivate apple trees around Atebe, in the dry highlands of Ethiopia where he grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diversifying local food supplies will help make the region more resilient to global warming, he said. The new IPCC assessment affirms that global warming is driving dangerous changes in mountain environments that threaten food supplies. But along with warnings, the world needs action, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything is getting more extreme, and there is seasonal confusion,” he said. But there is enough scientific and traditional knowledge to find on-the-ground projects and do them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the apple orchard, he adapted a traditional permaculture technique, using water-filled clay pots to efficiently irrigate the young trees. At the same time, residents enhanced the water-holding capacity of deforested hillsides by building terraces and planting vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such regenerative agriculture is crucial for food security in developing countries, said Wolde-Georgis, who works with the \u003ca href=\"https://instaar.colorado.edu/research/programs/consortium-for-capacity-building/\">Consortium for Capacity Building\u003c/a>, part of the University of Colorado’s \u003ca href=\"https://instaar.colorado.edu/\">Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After decades of academic research and projects, he radiates the kind of practical wisdom that can help shape resilience to global warming. His eyes gleam as he recalls the look on a local priest’s face during the first apple harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first time in his life he tasted an apple. When we plant apples, it’s mitigation [of the climate impact], but at the same time, we are solving problems. We have to find something that’s doable on the ground,” he said. In four years, the farmers planted 1,400 apple trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, communities worked to restore watersheds by building terraces and replanting clear-cut hillsides. Wolde-Georgis said the work was successful. Streams that had been dry by the end of December now hold water through the end of May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a larger scale, Wolde-Georgis helps build physical and information infrastructure to boost resilience, including new roads and railroads to help transport food when climate extremes cause crop failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethiopia and other developing countries also need more institutional science-based infrastructure to inform good governance across jurisdictional boundaries, he said. To meet the challenges ahead requires working in an atmosphere of trust and a spirit of collaboration, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disrupting Plants\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab in Gothic, Colorado, David Inouye’s cabin near a patch of shimmering gold aspens is marked by wisps of chimney smoke. For nearly 50 years, he’s been recording plant and animal activity while other observers tally snowfall and snowmelt data day by day — a scientific deep dive into time and space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to the 1970s, spring is coming earlier. There is more winter rain, and summers are longer and drier. It all adds up to disruption for mountain ecosystems, where most plants only have a few weeks to bloom. And the plants are tightly linked with pollinating insects in \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/15062018/climate-change-impacts-pollen-pollination-flowers-bees-butterflies-europe-heat-wave-global-warming-research\">a delicately timed cycle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ecology of this altitude is driven largely by how much snow we get in the winter and when that snow melts,” Inouye said. “As the climate changes, we’re tending to get less snow and warmer and earlier springs. A paradoxical consequence is that we’re getting more frost damage,” he said. The effects ripple through the ecosystem as global warming disrupts plants and seed production, which, in turn, means less food for small mammals and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graceful yellow glacier lilies are \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/12-0255.1\">blooming 17 days earlier\u003c/a> than they did in the 1970s, but migrating hummingbirds that depend on the flower nectar aren’t keeping up. By the time they arrive, many of the plants have withered away, and if current trends continue, in two decades the hummingbirds will miss the first flowers entirely. Ecosystems could collapse as global warming continues to decouple \u003ca href=\"https://www.rmbl.org/article/science-story-june-2019/\">complex ecological relationships\u003c/a>, showing why global warming is a threat to biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01766.x\">study\u003c/a> documented how earlier spring snowmelt makes mountain daisies bloom earlier, when they are more susceptible to frost. The research showed how the frost damage reduces the amount of nectar for a species of butterfly that depends on that particular flower for feeding during the egg-laying season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they don’t get nectar, they can’t make eggs, and the population declines,” Inouye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tipping Points\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research at the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab helps connect the dots in complex ecosystems and how global warming can make them unravel, said lab executive director Ian Billick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What people don’t realize is that we’re changing multiple things at the same time. People don’t realize how drastically things are going to change,” he said. Massive disturbance events linked with global warming like the early 2000s bark beetle outbreak that killed trees across millions of acres will happen again and again. Multiple stressors are driving mountain ecosystems past tipping points, leading to fundamental change, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our agricultural productivity depends on these ecosystems functioning in a highly integrated way, so it’s like if you throw a screwdriver in the middle of an engine, the whole thing falls apart, and I think it’s like with ag, where these finely tuned things are going to fall apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC report represents only the tiny tip of a “massive global change iceberg,” said Steltzer, the Colorado biologist and lead author of the mountain chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nine-tenths is what we haven’t seen, measured and documented. We know things are changing for which we have no peer-reviewed scientific articles, and things are changing too fast to keep up,” she said. “There’s no reason to wait to act. We know enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this past winter, both Europe and parts of the Rockies experienced \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08032019/avalanche-climate-change-risk-snow-storm-forecast-colorado-switzerland\">unprecedented avalanche cycles\u003c/a> after record snowfalls, surprising scientists as well as public safety managers charged with keeping mountain roads open. Recently, mosquitoes that carry West Nile Virus have been appearing in the high mountains but remain largely untracked, along with other invasive species. And there are likely scores of other ecological cycles being disrupted that haven’t been studied at all, Inouye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC assessment also concluded that forest fires are likely to increase in mountain areas where summers become warmer and drier. “Coastal ranges of California, the Blue Mountains of Australia, Mt. Kenya, and mountains on the fringes of the Mediterranean Sea, already subject to frequent fire episodes, would be severely affected,” the assessment said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019EF001210\">study\u003c/a> showed that the fivefold increase in the extent of California’s wildfires since the 1970s was “very likely driven by drying of fuels promoted by human‐induced warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Snow is decreasing, temperatures are warming, and mountains are changing in ways I never expected I’d live to see,” Steltzer said. “Policy-makers ask for data to show how bad it is. … Instead, they could ask how do we preserve the benefits of nature for each of us and all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_full\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The melting of glaciers and loss of snow has a cascading effect for ecosystems, agriculture and billions of people downstream.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With ominous orange-gray smoke clouds seething on the western horizon, it’s easy to understand how Colorado’s highest city and other mountain communities are directly threatened by global warming. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Concern, commitment and action on climate change should not depend on which places, species or people are impacted. Instead, they should be motivated by compassion.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain snowpack is shrinking and melting earlier in the spring. Warmer and longer summers dry out vegetation and increase the threat of wildfires in western mountain forests, where the fire season has \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/86268/longer-more-frequent-fire-seasons\">lengthened\u003c/a> by at least a month since 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing wildfire risk is just part of an accelerating cycle of global warming impacts in the world’s mountain regions, according to a new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25092019/ipcc-cryosphere-ocean-report-climate-change-sea-level-rise-greenland-antarctica\">report\u003c/a> that includes a \u003ca href=\"https://report.ipcc.ch/srocc/pdf/SROCC_FinalDraft_Chapter2.pdf\">section\u003c/a> focused on mountains for the first time in more than 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Snow cover duration has declined in nearly all regions, especially at lower elevations, on average by five days per decade,” the mountain chapter of the IPCC report says. On average across Western North America, the European Alps and High Mountain Asia, temperatures are warming by 0.54 degrees Fahrenheit per decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s melting glaciers and changing mountain river flows, disrupting plants and wildlife, and increasing the risk of extreme \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26092018/climate-change-mountains-landslide-hazard-thawing-permafrost-rockfall-extreme-weather-glaciers-global-warming\">rockslides\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08032019/avalanche-climate-change-risk-snow-storm-forecast-colorado-switzerland\">avalanches\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06082018/global-warming-climate-change-floods-california-oroville-dam-scientists\">mountain floods\u003c/a> caused by rain falling on snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, global warming impacts represent an existential threat to millions of people in the Andes, the Himalaya, the European Alps, and the U.S. Mountain West including Alaska, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/heidimountains\">Heidi Steltzer\u003c/a>, a biologist at Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado, and a lead author of the mountain chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shrinking glaciers and snow harm Indigenous Peoples and rural communities greatly. Concern, commitment and action on climate change should not depend on which places, species or people are impacted. Instead, they should be motivated by compassion,” Steltzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Reliability \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Crested Butte, about 100 miles southwest of Leadville, hydrologist and physicist Rosemary Carroll studies how \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07062016/unabated-global-warming-threatens-west-snowpack-water-rocky-mountains-sierra-nevada-drought\">disruptions\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07062016/unabated-global-warming-threatens-west-snowpack-water-rocky-mountains-sierra-nevada-drought\">to the water cycle\u003c/a> will affect local ranchers and ski areas, as well as drinking and agricultural water supplies hundreds of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC assessment found that global warming will change the timing and amount of runoff, “affecting water storage and delivery infrastructure around the world,” a finding backed by research focusing on the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GL068798\">study\u003c/a> in six Western mountain ranges showed rising temperatures will shift the snow accumulation zone and runoff timing enough to have significant impacts on water cycles. And some towns in the Rockies and Sierra Nevada are at risk from \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06082018/global-warming-climate-change-floods-california-oroville-dam-scientists\">dangerous flash floods\u003c/a> as global warming brings rain, rather than snow, to some mountain regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carroll pointed out her living room window to a craggy ridgeline where she measures how water from melted snow trickles through rocks and meadows down to the East River, on to the Gunnison River and finally into the mighty Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new normal is that the snowpack is melting earlier and we have earlier runoff, and that’s a fact. There’s going to be less water for a given snowpack,” she said. Even in average snowfall years, global warming is reducing the amount of available water for irrigation and storage, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her research for the University of Nevada’s Desert Research Institute and the U.S. Department of Energy will help communities adapt as global warming disrupts flows from mountain streams. Around Crested Butte, the ski industry and local ranchers will feel the changes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But addressing those impacts isn’t as easy as just throwing a new report on the table. Translating science into action requires working with stakeholders from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ranchers know what’s happening, they know that things are shifting, but they’re afraid the policy will shift in a way that they will carry the burden of the change. Since they have most of the water, they fear they will have to give up the most, and that it won’t be equitable,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states that get their water from the Colorado River are already restructuring \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/31012019/colorado-river-water-crisis-climate-science-state-conservation-plans\">water-sharing agreements\u003c/a> to stave off shortages and trying to develop new storage plans to account for extreme wet and dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Goodbye to Glaciers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming will change nearly every mountain ecosystem, starting with the very visible meltdown of glaciers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the European Alps, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alpenverein.at/portal/news/aktuelle_news/2018/2018_04_06_gletscherbericht.php\">some glaciers retreated by as much 410 feet\u003c/a> last year — imagine the Empire State Building shrinking by a third. Globally, the world’s glaciers have lost 9 trillion tons of ice since 1961, raising sea level by about 1 inch, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Glaciers_lose_nine_trillion_tonnes_of_ice_in_half_a_century\">European Space Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As glaciers melt, they create a series of risks: newly formed meltwater lakes can burst through their banks, flooding towns and farms below. And as the ice dwindles, that will significantly change the timing and amount of water available for hydropower production and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with disrupting ecosystems and downstream communities that rely on glacier meltwater, global warming in the mountains will cause emotional and cultural loss as cherished landscapes vanish. In Switzerland, people recently held a memorial service for the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/matthias_huss/status/1176117412997062656\">disappearing Pizol Glacier\u003c/a> as a way of dealing with that grief, a sometimes overlooked component of climate resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_full\">\n\u003cp>The physical threats are real and growing, said Swiss glaciologist Matthias Huss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If greenhouse gas emissions peak in the next few years and then start to decline, glaciers in the European Alps will lose two-thirds of their current ice. With continued high emissions, the glaciers will all but vanish, with only 5 percent of the current ice remaining, Huss and colleagues found in recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/13/1125/2019/\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26092018/climate-change-mountains-landslide-hazard-thawing-permafrost-rockfall-extreme-weather-glaciers-global-warming\">An increase in rockfall events\u003c/a>, and flooding from glacier lakes, also due to more extreme weather events, is likely,” Huss said. “I think European countries are prepared, and they have the financial means to adapt. It will be much more difficult for developing countries to adapt to the challenges in mountain regions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme storms that destroy forests and damage roads and railroad lines could also become more frequent in the world’s mountains, although climate models aren’t yet localized enough to project such changes accurately, the IPCC assessment concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t be cheap to redesign and rebuild water infrastructure, Huss said. In some snow-dependent communities, the meltdown will also drive wrenching cultural and economic changes. But “one could also see this as a chance for major development toward a more sustainable way to live on our planet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adapting Food Crops\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what University of Colorado researcher Tsegay Wolde-Georgis was thinking when he led a \u003ca href=\"https://instaar.colorado.edu/news-events/instaar-news/apple-trees-in-atebes-cultivating-climate-resilience-in-an-ethiopian-villag/\">project\u003c/a> in the early 2000s to cultivate apple trees around Atebe, in the dry highlands of Ethiopia where he grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diversifying local food supplies will help make the region more resilient to global warming, he said. The new IPCC assessment affirms that global warming is driving dangerous changes in mountain environments that threaten food supplies. But along with warnings, the world needs action, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything is getting more extreme, and there is seasonal confusion,” he said. But there is enough scientific and traditional knowledge to find on-the-ground projects and do them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the apple orchard, he adapted a traditional permaculture technique, using water-filled clay pots to efficiently irrigate the young trees. At the same time, residents enhanced the water-holding capacity of deforested hillsides by building terraces and planting vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such regenerative agriculture is crucial for food security in developing countries, said Wolde-Georgis, who works with the \u003ca href=\"https://instaar.colorado.edu/research/programs/consortium-for-capacity-building/\">Consortium for Capacity Building\u003c/a>, part of the University of Colorado’s \u003ca href=\"https://instaar.colorado.edu/\">Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After decades of academic research and projects, he radiates the kind of practical wisdom that can help shape resilience to global warming. His eyes gleam as he recalls the look on a local priest’s face during the first apple harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first time in his life he tasted an apple. When we plant apples, it’s mitigation [of the climate impact], but at the same time, we are solving problems. We have to find something that’s doable on the ground,” he said. In four years, the farmers planted 1,400 apple trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, communities worked to restore watersheds by building terraces and replanting clear-cut hillsides. Wolde-Georgis said the work was successful. Streams that had been dry by the end of December now hold water through the end of May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a larger scale, Wolde-Georgis helps build physical and information infrastructure to boost resilience, including new roads and railroads to help transport food when climate extremes cause crop failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethiopia and other developing countries also need more institutional science-based infrastructure to inform good governance across jurisdictional boundaries, he said. To meet the challenges ahead requires working in an atmosphere of trust and a spirit of collaboration, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disrupting Plants\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab in Gothic, Colorado, David Inouye’s cabin near a patch of shimmering gold aspens is marked by wisps of chimney smoke. For nearly 50 years, he’s been recording plant and animal activity while other observers tally snowfall and snowmelt data day by day — a scientific deep dive into time and space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to the 1970s, spring is coming earlier. There is more winter rain, and summers are longer and drier. It all adds up to disruption for mountain ecosystems, where most plants only have a few weeks to bloom. And the plants are tightly linked with pollinating insects in \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/15062018/climate-change-impacts-pollen-pollination-flowers-bees-butterflies-europe-heat-wave-global-warming-research\">a delicately timed cycle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ecology of this altitude is driven largely by how much snow we get in the winter and when that snow melts,” Inouye said. “As the climate changes, we’re tending to get less snow and warmer and earlier springs. A paradoxical consequence is that we’re getting more frost damage,” he said. The effects ripple through the ecosystem as global warming disrupts plants and seed production, which, in turn, means less food for small mammals and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graceful yellow glacier lilies are \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/12-0255.1\">blooming 17 days earlier\u003c/a> than they did in the 1970s, but migrating hummingbirds that depend on the flower nectar aren’t keeping up. By the time they arrive, many of the plants have withered away, and if current trends continue, in two decades the hummingbirds will miss the first flowers entirely. Ecosystems could collapse as global warming continues to decouple \u003ca href=\"https://www.rmbl.org/article/science-story-june-2019/\">complex ecological relationships\u003c/a>, showing why global warming is a threat to biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01766.x\">study\u003c/a> documented how earlier spring snowmelt makes mountain daisies bloom earlier, when they are more susceptible to frost. The research showed how the frost damage reduces the amount of nectar for a species of butterfly that depends on that particular flower for feeding during the egg-laying season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they don’t get nectar, they can’t make eggs, and the population declines,” Inouye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tipping Points\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research at the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab helps connect the dots in complex ecosystems and how global warming can make them unravel, said lab executive director Ian Billick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What people don’t realize is that we’re changing multiple things at the same time. People don’t realize how drastically things are going to change,” he said. Massive disturbance events linked with global warming like the early 2000s bark beetle outbreak that killed trees across millions of acres will happen again and again. Multiple stressors are driving mountain ecosystems past tipping points, leading to fundamental change, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our agricultural productivity depends on these ecosystems functioning in a highly integrated way, so it’s like if you throw a screwdriver in the middle of an engine, the whole thing falls apart, and I think it’s like with ag, where these finely tuned things are going to fall apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC report represents only the tiny tip of a “massive global change iceberg,” said Steltzer, the Colorado biologist and lead author of the mountain chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nine-tenths is what we haven’t seen, measured and documented. We know things are changing for which we have no peer-reviewed scientific articles, and things are changing too fast to keep up,” she said. “There’s no reason to wait to act. We know enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this past winter, both Europe and parts of the Rockies experienced \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08032019/avalanche-climate-change-risk-snow-storm-forecast-colorado-switzerland\">unprecedented avalanche cycles\u003c/a> after record snowfalls, surprising scientists as well as public safety managers charged with keeping mountain roads open. Recently, mosquitoes that carry West Nile Virus have been appearing in the high mountains but remain largely untracked, along with other invasive species. And there are likely scores of other ecological cycles being disrupted that haven’t been studied at all, Inouye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC assessment also concluded that forest fires are likely to increase in mountain areas where summers become warmer and drier. “Coastal ranges of California, the Blue Mountains of Australia, Mt. Kenya, and mountains on the fringes of the Mediterranean Sea, already subject to frequent fire episodes, would be severely affected,” the assessment said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019EF001210\">study\u003c/a> showed that the fivefold increase in the extent of California’s wildfires since the 1970s was “very likely driven by drying of fuels promoted by human‐induced warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Snow is decreasing, temperatures are warming, and mountains are changing in ways I never expected I’d live to see,” Steltzer said. “Policy-makers ask for data to show how bad it is. … Instead, they could ask how do we preserve the benefits of nature for each of us and all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_full\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">The federal government has opened 722,000 acres of land to new leases for oil and gas drilling across the Central Coast of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Land Management’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/press-release/blm-central-coast-field-office-issues-decision-oil-and-gas-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">decision\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is the latest example of the Trump administration’s push to expand domestic fracking and oil production, and it opens up parts of the Bay Area, including Alameda and Contra Costa counties, for potential drilling — although the likelihood of new production there is slim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, environmental groups said the decision flies in the face of local opposition, and they decried it as reckless, promising to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Turning over these spectacular wild places to dirty drilling and fracking will sicken Californians, harm endangered species and fuel climate chaos,” said Clare Lakewood, a senior attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, dating back to the Obama administration, the Interior Department, which oversees the bureau, has sought a new oil and gas leasing plan for the Central Coast of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the decision opens up land for new leases, it does not give the greenlight to any new drilling, at least not yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the decision, the Bureau of Land Management issued 14 new leases to projects around existing oil fields, but the companies will still need to file applications for drilling permits and conduct site-specific environmental analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Serena Baker, a spokeswoman for the agency’s regional office, said this plan meets goals outlined by President Donald Trump, who has pushed a doctrine of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/29/climate/trump-energy-dominance.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">energy dominance\u003c/span>\u003c/a>” and called for increased development of fossil fuel resources and job creation in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-executive-order-promoting-energy-independence-economic-growth/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">executive order\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This plan supports the administration’s priority of promoting environmentally responsible energy development,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency estimates that the oil and gas industry accounts for 3,000 jobs and $620 million in tax revenue across its Central Coast territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baker said that BLM expects oil and gas development in this part of California only around existing oil and gas fields in Fresno, Monterrey, and San Benito County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked if the agency expects any new drilling in the Bay Area, Baker said, “We do not.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">The federal government has opened 722,000 acres of land to new leases for oil and gas drilling across the Central Coast of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Land Management’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/press-release/blm-central-coast-field-office-issues-decision-oil-and-gas-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">decision\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is the latest example of the Trump administration’s push to expand domestic fracking and oil production, and it opens up parts of the Bay Area, including Alameda and Contra Costa counties, for potential drilling — although the likelihood of new production there is slim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, environmental groups said the decision flies in the face of local opposition, and they decried it as reckless, promising to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Turning over these spectacular wild places to dirty drilling and fracking will sicken Californians, harm endangered species and fuel climate chaos,” said Clare Lakewood, a senior attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, dating back to the Obama administration, the Interior Department, which oversees the bureau, has sought a new oil and gas leasing plan for the Central Coast of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the decision opens up land for new leases, it does not give the greenlight to any new drilling, at least not yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the decision, the Bureau of Land Management issued 14 new leases to projects around existing oil fields, but the companies will still need to file applications for drilling permits and conduct site-specific environmental analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Serena Baker, a spokeswoman for the agency’s regional office, said this plan meets goals outlined by President Donald Trump, who has pushed a doctrine of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/29/climate/trump-energy-dominance.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">energy dominance\u003c/span>\u003c/a>” and called for increased development of fossil fuel resources and job creation in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-executive-order-promoting-energy-independence-economic-growth/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">executive order\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This plan supports the administration’s priority of promoting environmentally responsible energy development,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency estimates that the oil and gas industry accounts for 3,000 jobs and $620 million in tax revenue across its Central Coast territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baker said that BLM expects oil and gas development in this part of California only around existing oil and gas fields in Fresno, Monterrey, and San Benito County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked if the agency expects any new drilling in the Bay Area, Baker said, “We do not.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Slashing Emissions and Saving Money, Penn State Could Be A Model for U.S. Cities",
"headTitle": "Slashing Emissions and Saving Money, Penn State Could Be A Model for U.S. Cities | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In the struggle to end global warming, one community in central Pennsylvania is having remarkable success. It’s growing, with tens of thousands of people, yet its greenhouse emissions have been dropping dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most amazing: Those reductions have paid for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not your typical town — it’s Penn State University. But in many ways, it’s just like any other town or small city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got 600 major buildings here, over 22 million square feet,” says Rob Cooper, Penn State’s senior director of engineering and energy. “We have our own water system, our own wastewater plant.” Most buildings are heated by steam from two gas-burning plants, delivered through miles of underground pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 14,000 people live on campus. Roughly 65,000 people work or take classes here. Tens of thousands more show up to watch football games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most U.S. cities, this enterprise runs largely on fossil fuels, releasing hundreds of thousands of tons of carbon dioxide every year. The planet-warming gas comes from the steam plants, from power stations far away that supply electricity, from the cars that people drive to campus and from aircraft that faculty members take to conferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State has \u003ca href=\"http://sustainability.psu.edu/climate-action\">calculated\u003c/a> those emissions, year by year, over the past 25 years and laid them out on a graph. It tells a startling — and hopeful — story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years ago, the line was going up sharply. The university was growing, with more people and more buildings. It was burning more and more coal and gas — just like the rest of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2004, the line suddenly changed direction. It started falling like a rock rolling down a mountain. And it has been falling ever since, even though the university is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1948583 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-04-at-10.41.52-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"791\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-04-at-10.41.52-AM.png 791w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-04-at-10.41.52-AM-160x116.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-04-at-10.41.52-AM-768x558.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did Penn State succeed when the rest of the country has struggled to reduce its greenhouse emissions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started, according to several old-timers on campus, with a few students, faculty members and administrators who wanted to make the campus a greener place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1990s, when Penn State’s greenhouse emissions were still soaring, biology professor \u003ca href=\"https://bio.psu.edu/directory/cfu1\">Christopher Uhl\u003c/a> helped to organize a small \u003ca href=\"http://personal.psu.edu/cfu1/CUhlpersonalwebsite/greenpsu.shtml\">environmental movement\u003c/a> on campus. It focused on the university’s own operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students calculated greenhouse emissions from specific buildings, looked at technical alternatives and gave the university mostly \u003ca href=\"https://p2infohouse.org/ref/17/16964.pdf\">poor grades\u003c/a> for its environmental performance. “In a sense, we’re using the university culture,” Uhl says. “It’s data that will speak to an academic institution, not, you know, ‘You \u003cem>should\u003c/em> do this.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we unveiled these different reports, we would meet on the the steps of Old Main, which is like this big center of the university,” he adds. “Lots of people showed up. The press was there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It put the university under pressure. And as it happened, the activists had some allies deep inside the university administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were engineers and maintenance staff at the university’s Office of Physical Plant, people who typically go unnoticed until something breaks. They were led by a retired Navy officer named Ford Stryker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always cared about environmental issues,” says Stryker. “We’d seen a lot of evidence that global warming was a real thing, and we were concerned about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker pulled off a classic bureaucratic move. He persuaded the university president to declare “environmental stewardship” an official priority. It gave him leverage with other parts of the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got Penn State’s budget and finance offices to set up a revolving fund to pay for upgrades that cut greenhouse emissions. These were loans that had to be paid back, with interest. “It took a while to get the finance guys to agree,” Stryker says with a chuckle. “We had to demonstrate that we were actually saving money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, in fact, is what reversed that rising line on the graph of greenhouse emissions: a whole bunch of projects that cut the university’s demand for energy. Most of them paid for themselves within 10 years through lower energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these projects are surprisingly low-tech, like tuning up heating and air conditioning systems, measuring air flow and temperature, making sure enough air is flowing to keep people comfortable but not so much that extra steam is needed to keep everyone warm. “You don’t open the door of your house on a zero-degree day, right? We don’t want to do that, either,” says John Deffenbaugh, the engineer in charge of the program that gives Penn State’s buildings regular checkups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d be surprised what you find when you tune up a building’s HVAC system,” says Cooper, the head of of engineering and energy. “It’s one of the shortest paybacks. It’s consistently three to five years [to recoup the costs] on every building that we go into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State also switched the fuel in its central heating plant from coal to natural gas, which releases less carbon dioxide when burned. Engineers installed energy-saving motors and windows whenever they could justify spending the extra money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, with the cost of solar power falling sharply, Penn State signed a \u003ca href=\"https://news.psu.edu/story/586711/2019/09/06/impact/penn-state-lightsource-bp-break-ground-largest-solar-project\">deal\u003c/a> to buy electricity from a new 500-acre solar farm in Pennsylvania’s Franklin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time we looked at [solar power] before, the economics weren’t there,” says Andrew Gutberlet, Penn State’s manager of engineering services. “We could not get solar power, or any renewable power, for less than what we were buying it for off the grid. Until now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State’s greenhouse emissions are now down by a third, compared with the peak in 2004. In a few years, with solar power rolling in, they will likely be down by almost 50%. (For comparison, total carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels in the U.S. peaked in 2007 and have since fallen by 12%.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other universities are on the same path. Some have promised to eliminate greenhouse emissions entirely by 2050. American University, in Washington, D.C., \u003ca href=\"https://www.american.edu/about/sustainability/carbon-neutrality.cfm\">announced\u003c/a> last year that it is already “carbon neutral.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State’s efforts, however, are particularly notable. The university is huge, it has documented its emissions carefully, and it has not resorted to “carbon offsets” that cancel out emissions by capturing carbon dioxide elsewhere, such as by planting trees. Plus, it’s doing this on a tight budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In principle, any city could follow Penn State’s example. As Gutberlet puts it: “We are demonstrating that this can be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its experience, however, also offers two notes of caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Penn State isn’t a regular city. “We are the creators of the heating energy and the consumers of the heating energy. We can take a holistic view of the entire process,” Gutberlet says. The university also can afford to take the long view, making decisions that take 10 years to pay off. Many homeowners and businesses can not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, cutting emissions in half is good, but it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/03/11/688876374/its-2050-and-this-is-how-we-stopped-climate-change\">not enough\u003c/a> to stop global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State actually has a more ambitious goal: an 80% cut in greenhouse emissions by 2050. Some people on campus are pushing to cut those emissions to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will they actually meet that goal? “We need to!” says Shelley McKeague, the person in Penn State’s administration who’s responsible for monitoring the university’s greenhouse emissions. “Do we have a concrete plan to get there? We do not, and the reality is, the country doesn’t either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re looking at lots of possibilities, Cooper says. More solar power, new ways to store the clean power so it’s available when needed. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells. Super-efficient buildings. A massive reconstruction of the heating system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have options in front of us,” he says. “We just don’t know which ones we’ll pull the trigger on yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Penn+State+Is+Cutting+Greenhouse+Emissions+In+Half+%E2%80%94+And+Saving+Money&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the struggle to end global warming, one community in central Pennsylvania is having remarkable success. It’s growing, with tens of thousands of people, yet its greenhouse emissions have been dropping dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most amazing: Those reductions have paid for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not your typical town — it’s Penn State University. But in many ways, it’s just like any other town or small city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got 600 major buildings here, over 22 million square feet,” says Rob Cooper, Penn State’s senior director of engineering and energy. “We have our own water system, our own wastewater plant.” Most buildings are heated by steam from two gas-burning plants, delivered through miles of underground pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 14,000 people live on campus. Roughly 65,000 people work or take classes here. Tens of thousands more show up to watch football games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most U.S. cities, this enterprise runs largely on fossil fuels, releasing hundreds of thousands of tons of carbon dioxide every year. The planet-warming gas comes from the steam plants, from power stations far away that supply electricity, from the cars that people drive to campus and from aircraft that faculty members take to conferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State has \u003ca href=\"http://sustainability.psu.edu/climate-action\">calculated\u003c/a> those emissions, year by year, over the past 25 years and laid them out on a graph. It tells a startling — and hopeful — story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years ago, the line was going up sharply. The university was growing, with more people and more buildings. It was burning more and more coal and gas — just like the rest of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2004, the line suddenly changed direction. It started falling like a rock rolling down a mountain. And it has been falling ever since, even though the university is growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1948583 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-04-at-10.41.52-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"791\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-04-at-10.41.52-AM.png 791w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-04-at-10.41.52-AM-160x116.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-04-at-10.41.52-AM-768x558.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did Penn State succeed when the rest of the country has struggled to reduce its greenhouse emissions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started, according to several old-timers on campus, with a few students, faculty members and administrators who wanted to make the campus a greener place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1990s, when Penn State’s greenhouse emissions were still soaring, biology professor \u003ca href=\"https://bio.psu.edu/directory/cfu1\">Christopher Uhl\u003c/a> helped to organize a small \u003ca href=\"http://personal.psu.edu/cfu1/CUhlpersonalwebsite/greenpsu.shtml\">environmental movement\u003c/a> on campus. It focused on the university’s own operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students calculated greenhouse emissions from specific buildings, looked at technical alternatives and gave the university mostly \u003ca href=\"https://p2infohouse.org/ref/17/16964.pdf\">poor grades\u003c/a> for its environmental performance. “In a sense, we’re using the university culture,” Uhl says. “It’s data that will speak to an academic institution, not, you know, ‘You \u003cem>should\u003c/em> do this.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we unveiled these different reports, we would meet on the the steps of Old Main, which is like this big center of the university,” he adds. “Lots of people showed up. The press was there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It put the university under pressure. And as it happened, the activists had some allies deep inside the university administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were engineers and maintenance staff at the university’s Office of Physical Plant, people who typically go unnoticed until something breaks. They were led by a retired Navy officer named Ford Stryker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always cared about environmental issues,” says Stryker. “We’d seen a lot of evidence that global warming was a real thing, and we were concerned about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stryker pulled off a classic bureaucratic move. He persuaded the university president to declare “environmental stewardship” an official priority. It gave him leverage with other parts of the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got Penn State’s budget and finance offices to set up a revolving fund to pay for upgrades that cut greenhouse emissions. These were loans that had to be paid back, with interest. “It took a while to get the finance guys to agree,” Stryker says with a chuckle. “We had to demonstrate that we were actually saving money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, in fact, is what reversed that rising line on the graph of greenhouse emissions: a whole bunch of projects that cut the university’s demand for energy. Most of them paid for themselves within 10 years through lower energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these projects are surprisingly low-tech, like tuning up heating and air conditioning systems, measuring air flow and temperature, making sure enough air is flowing to keep people comfortable but not so much that extra steam is needed to keep everyone warm. “You don’t open the door of your house on a zero-degree day, right? We don’t want to do that, either,” says John Deffenbaugh, the engineer in charge of the program that gives Penn State’s buildings regular checkups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d be surprised what you find when you tune up a building’s HVAC system,” says Cooper, the head of of engineering and energy. “It’s one of the shortest paybacks. It’s consistently three to five years [to recoup the costs] on every building that we go into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State also switched the fuel in its central heating plant from coal to natural gas, which releases less carbon dioxide when burned. Engineers installed energy-saving motors and windows whenever they could justify spending the extra money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, with the cost of solar power falling sharply, Penn State signed a \u003ca href=\"https://news.psu.edu/story/586711/2019/09/06/impact/penn-state-lightsource-bp-break-ground-largest-solar-project\">deal\u003c/a> to buy electricity from a new 500-acre solar farm in Pennsylvania’s Franklin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time we looked at [solar power] before, the economics weren’t there,” says Andrew Gutberlet, Penn State’s manager of engineering services. “We could not get solar power, or any renewable power, for less than what we were buying it for off the grid. Until now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State’s greenhouse emissions are now down by a third, compared with the peak in 2004. In a few years, with solar power rolling in, they will likely be down by almost 50%. (For comparison, total carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels in the U.S. peaked in 2007 and have since fallen by 12%.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other universities are on the same path. Some have promised to eliminate greenhouse emissions entirely by 2050. American University, in Washington, D.C., \u003ca href=\"https://www.american.edu/about/sustainability/carbon-neutrality.cfm\">announced\u003c/a> last year that it is already “carbon neutral.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State’s efforts, however, are particularly notable. The university is huge, it has documented its emissions carefully, and it has not resorted to “carbon offsets” that cancel out emissions by capturing carbon dioxide elsewhere, such as by planting trees. Plus, it’s doing this on a tight budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In principle, any city could follow Penn State’s example. As Gutberlet puts it: “We are demonstrating that this can be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its experience, however, also offers two notes of caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Penn State isn’t a regular city. “We are the creators of the heating energy and the consumers of the heating energy. We can take a holistic view of the entire process,” Gutberlet says. The university also can afford to take the long view, making decisions that take 10 years to pay off. Many homeowners and businesses can not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, cutting emissions in half is good, but it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/03/11/688876374/its-2050-and-this-is-how-we-stopped-climate-change\">not enough\u003c/a> to stop global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penn State actually has a more ambitious goal: an 80% cut in greenhouse emissions by 2050. Some people on campus are pushing to cut those emissions to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will they actually meet that goal? “We need to!” says Shelley McKeague, the person in Penn State’s administration who’s responsible for monitoring the university’s greenhouse emissions. “Do we have a concrete plan to get there? We do not, and the reality is, the country doesn’t either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re looking at lots of possibilities, Cooper says. More solar power, new ways to store the clean power so it’s available when needed. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells. Super-efficient buildings. A massive reconstruction of the heating system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have options in front of us,” he says. “We just don’t know which ones we’ll pull the trigger on yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Penn+State+Is+Cutting+Greenhouse+Emissions+In+Half+%E2%80%94+And+Saving+Money&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Youth Climate Activists Block the Entrance to Chevron HQ in San Ramon",
"headTitle": "Youth Climate Activists Block the Entrance to Chevron HQ in San Ramon | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>About 200 climate activists rallied in front of Chevron’s corporate headquarters in San Ramon. The protesters urged the oil company to get off fossil fuels by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school and middle school students of color from across the Bay Area led this action. They call themselves \u003ca href=\"http://youthvsapocalypse.org/\">Youth vs. Apocalypse\u003c/a> and maintain the company is jeopardizing their future. That’s why, they say, they’re demanding a rapid shift away from carbon-intensive energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chevron is a billion-dollar company that is poisoning our communities,” said Isha Clarke, an organizer and a junior from MetWest High in Oakland. “Their refineries are in low-income communities of color. We are here to tell them that you cannot keep killing our planet. And you can’t keep doing it in a way that completely disrespects people of color and low-income people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Chevron disproportionately pollutes places like Richmond, a city that is home to more than 200,000 people. U.S. Census \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/richmondcityvirginiacounty\">figures\u003c/a> indicate that nearly half of them are black. Chevron operates a 2,900-acre refinery there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 8:30 a.m. adults from the Sunrise Movement and other environmental groups hastily erected garden boxes and mockups of oil derricks. They moved the organic planter beds in front of the parking lot entrance to “represent true solutions, not ones that destroy the planet,” organizers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948158 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 9:00 a.m. the students arrived on a black bus, carrying banners and protest signs, to lead the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to be accountable,” said Seray Cemre Gönen, a senior at California High School, a public school in San Ramon. “They’ve known that climate change exists for 40 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948156 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/391260904922285/\">page\u003c/a>, the activist group says the company must “stop using their influence to harm frontline communities and our future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is also pushing Gov. Gavin Newsom to “hold Chevron accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 10:00 a.m., the company invited Clarke, Gönen, and two other students inside to talk with representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We spoke truth to power, and however they take that, is how they take it,” Clarke said afterward. “We will continue to push for radical action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ten years ago we probably would have heard them say climate change is not real,” she said. “Now they’re being forced to, at least, show or pretend that they are taking steps towards being better. We got their cards and we definitely will be contacting them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948160\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948160 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-768x526.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-1200x823.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seray Cemre Gönen (left), and Sarah Goody. (Lindsey Moore/KQED) \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sean Comey, a spokesman for Chevron, met with the students. He said the company believes that climate change is real and that human activity contributes to it, “including the use of some of our products.” Comey said that the company is taking action to address climate change by investing in technology and low-carbon business opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the company disagrees with the protesters on how quickly Chevron should transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are open to a dialogue with people from a variety of viewpoints, including them,” he said. “We’re hoping events like this will drive an honest dialogue about how we balance the needs of the world for energy to fuel economic development and rising standards of living with protecting the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the company’s stance on climate change on their website \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/corporate-responsibility/climate-change\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Union of Concerned Scientists’ latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2018/10/gw-accountability-scorecard18-Chevron.pdf\">assessment\u003c/a> of how leading fossil fuel companies are addressing climate change, the group found Chevron continues a pattern of misrepresenting climate science in its public statements, holding leadership positions in trade and industry groups that spread climate disinformation and “avoids doing its part to bring about a world free from carbon pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Union gave Chevron a score of “egregious” for its public statements on climate change. The company “downplayed the role of human activity and the need to reduce emissions of heat-trapping gases, stressed uncertainties regarding climate impacts, and continued to insist that only global climate action is constructive or effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, the group also found that Chevron “responded to pressure by improving its disclosures of global warming emissions and political contributions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, one of the largest oil companies in the world, \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/stories/chevron-reports-fourth-quarter-net-income-of-3-7-billion-annual-earnings-of-14-8-billion\">made\u003c/a> $14.8 billion in net earnings in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s action took place during several days of protests across the region, and a week after a worldwide youth climate strike. Organizers for Youth vs. Apocalypse \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947584/live-blog-bay-area-climate-strike\">led\u003c/a> the march in San Francisco a week ago that snarled traffic in the financial district and completely shut down a stretch of Market St. On Wednesday, climate activists and artists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948027/climate-activists-artists-take-over-san-franciscos-wall-street-west\">created\u003c/a> murals in front of San Francisco’s largest financial institutions.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About 200 climate activists rallied in front of Chevron’s corporate headquarters in San Ramon. The protesters urged the oil company to get off fossil fuels by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school and middle school students of color from across the Bay Area led this action. They call themselves \u003ca href=\"http://youthvsapocalypse.org/\">Youth vs. Apocalypse\u003c/a> and maintain the company is jeopardizing their future. That’s why, they say, they’re demanding a rapid shift away from carbon-intensive energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chevron is a billion-dollar company that is poisoning our communities,” said Isha Clarke, an organizer and a junior from MetWest High in Oakland. “Their refineries are in low-income communities of color. We are here to tell them that you cannot keep killing our planet. And you can’t keep doing it in a way that completely disrespects people of color and low-income people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Chevron disproportionately pollutes places like Richmond, a city that is home to more than 200,000 people. U.S. Census \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/richmondcityvirginiacounty\">figures\u003c/a> indicate that nearly half of them are black. Chevron operates a 2,900-acre refinery there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 8:30 a.m. adults from the Sunrise Movement and other environmental groups hastily erected garden boxes and mockups of oil derricks. They moved the organic planter beds in front of the parking lot entrance to “represent true solutions, not ones that destroy the planet,” organizers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948158 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39313_Chevron_003.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 9:00 a.m. the students arrived on a black bus, carrying banners and protest signs, to lead the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to be accountable,” said Seray Cemre Gönen, a senior at California High School, a public school in San Ramon. “They’ve known that climate change exists for 40 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948156 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39323_Chevron_013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/391260904922285/\">page\u003c/a>, the activist group says the company must “stop using their influence to harm frontline communities and our future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is also pushing Gov. Gavin Newsom to “hold Chevron accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 10:00 a.m., the company invited Clarke, Gönen, and two other students inside to talk with representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We spoke truth to power, and however they take that, is how they take it,” Clarke said afterward. “We will continue to push for radical action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ten years ago we probably would have heard them say climate change is not real,” she said. “Now they’re being forced to, at least, show or pretend that they are taking steps towards being better. We got their cards and we definitely will be contacting them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948160\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948160 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-768x526.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008-1200x823.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/RS39318_Chevron_008.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seray Cemre Gönen (left), and Sarah Goody. (Lindsey Moore/KQED) \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sean Comey, a spokesman for Chevron, met with the students. He said the company believes that climate change is real and that human activity contributes to it, “including the use of some of our products.” Comey said that the company is taking action to address climate change by investing in technology and low-carbon business opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the company disagrees with the protesters on how quickly Chevron should transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are open to a dialogue with people from a variety of viewpoints, including them,” he said. “We’re hoping events like this will drive an honest dialogue about how we balance the needs of the world for energy to fuel economic development and rising standards of living with protecting the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the company’s stance on climate change on their website \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/corporate-responsibility/climate-change\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Union of Concerned Scientists’ latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2018/10/gw-accountability-scorecard18-Chevron.pdf\">assessment\u003c/a> of how leading fossil fuel companies are addressing climate change, the group found Chevron continues a pattern of misrepresenting climate science in its public statements, holding leadership positions in trade and industry groups that spread climate disinformation and “avoids doing its part to bring about a world free from carbon pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Union gave Chevron a score of “egregious” for its public statements on climate change. The company “downplayed the role of human activity and the need to reduce emissions of heat-trapping gases, stressed uncertainties regarding climate impacts, and continued to insist that only global climate action is constructive or effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, the group also found that Chevron “responded to pressure by improving its disclosures of global warming emissions and political contributions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, one of the largest oil companies in the world, \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/stories/chevron-reports-fourth-quarter-net-income-of-3-7-billion-annual-earnings-of-14-8-billion\">made\u003c/a> $14.8 billion in net earnings in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s action took place during several days of protests across the region, and a week after a worldwide youth climate strike. Organizers for Youth vs. Apocalypse \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947584/live-blog-bay-area-climate-strike\">led\u003c/a> the march in San Francisco a week ago that snarled traffic in the financial district and completely shut down a stretch of Market St. On Wednesday, climate activists and artists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948027/climate-activists-artists-take-over-san-franciscos-wall-street-west\">created\u003c/a> murals in front of San Francisco’s largest financial institutions.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wielding banners and paintbrushes, activists from around the Bay Area shut down four blocks in San Francisco’s Financial District Wednesday in a protest over failure to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s rally, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"https://climatejusticesf.org/\">Strike for Climate Justice\u003c/a>, was organized by a coalition of local environmental groups in an effort to petition big banks to pull their investments out of the fossil fuel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message to Wall Street West is that we really need climate action right now, no more delays,” said Nancy Roberts, who helped plan the demonstrations for Extinction Rebellion SF Bay. The area Roberts referred to is a stretch of Montgomery Street north of Market Street occupied by financial institutions like Wells Fargo and Bank of America, as well as consulates from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts called Wednesday’s action a nonviolent way to spread the vision of a sustainable future, using art, music and street theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948042\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Idle No More SF Bay leading the march up Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators started at just after 7 a.m. Wednesday, marching up Montgomery Street and blocking traffic between Pine and Sacramento streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The march opened with a blessing by members of Idle No More SF Bay, a group focused on the environmental rights of indigenous people. Founding member Pennie Opal Plant says native people around the world are often left out of important discussions about the climate despite having insight about “how to move forward so that the sacred system of life continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for the climate profiteers to stop trying to make money off climate destruction,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of Wednesday’s action was more than a dozen circular murals painted directly onto Montgomery Street in front of financial institutions. These included a walkable labyrinth, created by the Bay Area Spiritual Communities group to help the public cope with their frustration and anxiety over climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948063 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4894-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Duff from Bay Area Spiritual Communities group painting a labyrinth on Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Brasil Solidarity Network painted outside of the Consulate General of Brazil, calling for an end to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, which absorbs carbon emission from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While artists painted, a clown troupe calling themselves the Climate Clown Brigade enlightened onlookers about wildfires while dressed as trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948064\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4815-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Climate Clown Brigade (L-R: Thumper, Hannah, Nick, Putt) performing for the forests. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A stretch of California Street between Kearny and Sansome was also blocked by demonstrators holding signs that read, “Leave the oil in the soil!” and “100 percent renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Wednesday’s action was directed toward Wells Fargo, where protesters blocked an entrance to the branch at 420 Montgomery Street that hosts the bank’s museum exhibits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948066\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948066\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors block the entrance of the Wells Fargo at 420 Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, representatives from Wells Fargo said, “We recognize the growing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability, and we’re working to find solutions. Wells Fargo is committed to accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beth Mills, a spokesperson for the California Bankers Association, said in an email that financial institutions “absolutely understand the importance of, and support initiatives, that protect and preserve our environment. Many of them lead by example in taking efforts to reduce their own carbon footprint, as well as supporting and financing projects that support that goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, addressing the demand for divestment from fossil fuel companies, “Our industry is generally concerned about government and elected officials trying to dictate who a commercial bank can and cannot do business with, particularly with a lawful business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate demonstrations in downtown San Francisco are expected to continue until 5 p.m. Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wielding banners and paintbrushes, activists from around the Bay Area shut down four blocks in San Francisco’s Financial District Wednesday in a protest over failure to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s rally, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"https://climatejusticesf.org/\">Strike for Climate Justice\u003c/a>, was organized by a coalition of local environmental groups in an effort to petition big banks to pull their investments out of the fossil fuel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message to Wall Street West is that we really need climate action right now, no more delays,” said Nancy Roberts, who helped plan the demonstrations for Extinction Rebellion SF Bay. The area Roberts referred to is a stretch of Montgomery Street north of Market Street occupied by financial institutions like Wells Fargo and Bank of America, as well as consulates from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts called Wednesday’s action a nonviolent way to spread the vision of a sustainable future, using art, music and street theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948042\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Idle No More SF Bay leading the march up Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators started at just after 7 a.m. Wednesday, marching up Montgomery Street and blocking traffic between Pine and Sacramento streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The march opened with a blessing by members of Idle No More SF Bay, a group focused on the environmental rights of indigenous people. Founding member Pennie Opal Plant says native people around the world are often left out of important discussions about the climate despite having insight about “how to move forward so that the sacred system of life continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for the climate profiteers to stop trying to make money off climate destruction,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of Wednesday’s action was more than a dozen circular murals painted directly onto Montgomery Street in front of financial institutions. These included a walkable labyrinth, created by the Bay Area Spiritual Communities group to help the public cope with their frustration and anxiety over climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948063 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4894-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Duff from Bay Area Spiritual Communities group painting a labyrinth on Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Brasil Solidarity Network painted outside of the Consulate General of Brazil, calling for an end to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, which absorbs carbon emission from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While artists painted, a clown troupe calling themselves the Climate Clown Brigade enlightened onlookers about wildfires while dressed as trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948064\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4815-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Climate Clown Brigade (L-R: Thumper, Hannah, Nick, Putt) performing for the forests. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A stretch of California Street between Kearny and Sansome was also blocked by demonstrators holding signs that read, “Leave the oil in the soil!” and “100 percent renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Wednesday’s action was directed toward Wells Fargo, where protesters blocked an entrance to the branch at 420 Montgomery Street that hosts the bank’s museum exhibits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948066\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948066\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors block the entrance of the Wells Fargo at 420 Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, representatives from Wells Fargo said, “We recognize the growing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability, and we’re working to find solutions. Wells Fargo is committed to accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beth Mills, a spokesperson for the California Bankers Association, said in an email that financial institutions “absolutely understand the importance of, and support initiatives, that protect and preserve our environment. Many of them lead by example in taking efforts to reduce their own carbon footprint, as well as supporting and financing projects that support that goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, addressing the demand for divestment from fossil fuel companies, “Our industry is generally concerned about government and elected officials trying to dictate who a commercial bank can and cannot do business with, particularly with a lawful business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate demonstrations in downtown San Francisco are expected to continue until 5 p.m. Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Beginner's Guide to Electric Cars",
"headTitle": "The Beginner’s Guide to Electric Cars | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Electric vehicles (EVs) \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are getting cheaper\u003c/a>—so whether you’re looking for a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">save on the hassle and cost of gas\u003c/a>, shrink your carbon footprint, or simply zip around in a new Tesla, there are lots of reasons to consider a hybrid or electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\">\u003c/a>But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to\u003cbr>\nmake—and some planning you need to do—to make sure the car you buy fits your driving needs. Here are a few things to consider before you make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decide Whether to Go With a Plug-in Hybrid or Full EV\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a conventional hybrid (HEV) relies on its gasoline engine and a small battery to work in tandem, a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) can operate on its battery alone—and burn no fuel—for a limited number of miles before the engine starts up to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you never plug your PHEV in, it’ll act just like a regular hybrid with the engine and battery trading off. So while you can charge your plug-in hybrid to get the benefits of battery-only driving over a short distance, you don’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full EV, on the other hand, relies solely on its battery for power—which means it has to be charged regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calculate Your Costs\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few elements to comparing the cost of an EV versus a conventional car. One is the cost to drive your vehicle off the lot. EVs are still \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more expensive up front\u003c/a>: $55,600 compared to an industry median of $36,600. The median cost of a PHEV is somewhere in the middle (\u003ca href=\"https://evadoption.com/ev-models/available-phevs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around $46,000\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some electric cars qualify you for \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/businesses/irc-30d-new-qualified-plug-in-electric-drive-motor-vehicle-credit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">up to $7,500 in federal tax credits\u003c/a> plus additional rebates and credits offered by your state or city. Some PHEVs have \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/taxevb.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">slightly lower credits\u003c/a> than full EVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you install Level 2 home charging equipment, that’ll add to your upfront cost (more on that in a minute).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real difference is in long-term costs, which vary widely based on factors like the car make and model; gas and electricity prices where you live; when and where you charge your EV; maintenance costs; and how much you drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it’s likely that your \u003ca href=\"https://craig.bonsignore.com/2012/09/19/one-year-of-electric-driving/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">energy costs will be lower\u003c/a> with an EV (electricity) versus a conventional car (gas) and somewhere in the middle with a PHEV. Use a calculator (like the FuelEconomy.gov’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=phev1Prompt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug-in Hybrid tool\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eGallon comparison\u003c/a>) to get a ballpark figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Install a charger at home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where you live, you may be able to rely on public charging stations to keep your EV’s battery full. But many electric car owners say that it’s much easier and more convenient to install a charger at your home if you’re able. Your vehicle is likely to spend the largest chunks of idle time parked in your garage or driveway, so if you can charge there you’ll save yourself the hassle of waiting at a station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in an apartment or have to park on the street or in a public lot, you may be out of luck on this (unless you can convince your landlord or property manager to install charging equipment).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Setting up home charging is pretty straightforward. You can plug a Level 1 charger right into a standard 120V outlet, though this will juice up your vehicle very slowly (2–5 miles per hour, according to \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/WPCC_L1ChargingAtTheWorkplace_0716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Department estimates\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Level 2 charger uses 240V, costs anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/hybrids-evs/whats-the-right-electric-car-charger-for-your-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a few hundred dollars to $1,000 or more\u003c/a> to install, and works much faster—adding anywhere from about \u003ca href=\"https://www.clippercreek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Level-1-vs-Level-2_Chart_-20180502_Final_Low-Res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 to 20 (or more, for some models) miles of range per hour\u003c/a> of charging. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.energysage.com/electric-vehicles/charging-your-ev/install-a-home-charging-station/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">install this type of charger yourself\u003c/a> or hire an electrician. Make sure you get the right parts for your vehicle. Tesla, for example, has a specific \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/home-charging-installation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hardware and installation guide\u003c/a> for its cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take Advantage of Free Charging (and Downtime)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging at home will add a little bit to your electricity bill, and some charging stations do require you to pay for juicing up your EV. But there are lots of ways to charge for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, your office may provide charging stations for employees so you can leave your car plugged in for part of your workday. Some hotels, restaurants, and stores offer charging for patrons. You can also find nearby public charging stations that are free using maps like \u003ca href=\"https://www.chargepoint.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChargePoint\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> (which have filters for paid vs. free stations).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that public charging stations often have time limits (similar to parking restrictions). Make sure you check signage and observe any posted rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, you can use any time you’re not driving—and any location where you can plug into a 120V outlet—as an opportunity to charge (at your friends’ homes, at your Airbnb, etc.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plan Your Driving Routes Ahead of Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your vehicle’s range may be one of the biggest limitations to consider before you buy. Most EVs have a range of fewer than 300 miles, which makes longer trips difficult unless you can find charging stations along the way. PHEVs have very \u003ca href=\"https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a27127697/plug-in-hybrid-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">short driving ranges per charge\u003c/a>—generally enough for commuting or running errands—but will switch to gas when needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since there are far more gas stations than charging stations, driving a full EV over longer distances requires some planning. Google Maps \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/how-to-find-ev-charging-stations-using-google-maps-1829884348\" rel=\"nofollow\">shows you nearby stations\u003c/a> and what kind of equipment is available if you search “EV Charging” or “EV Charging Stations.” \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/chargehub-finds-charging-stations-for-your-electric-veh-1743937351\" rel=\"nofollow\">Apps like ChargeHub\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> offer similar mapping features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where and how much you drive, an EV’s range may be plenty. But if you travel a lot, you may end up frustrated with charging stops and route planning if an EV is your only option. If charging stations are few and far between, if there’s a line of cars already waiting, or if you simply don’t want to stop for longer than a lunch break, this could get really old, really fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A possible workaround: if you road trip less frequently, rent a car as needed for distances beyond your EV’s range. Or go with a PHEV, which can switch to gas for longer journeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use the Right Charging Equipment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have to charge your car away from home, make sure you use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/vehicle-charging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right combination of charger and plug\u003c/a>. Most vehicles have a standard J1772 port that connects with a Level 1 or Level 2 charging unit. Some cars can also connect to faster Level 3 charging equipment using one of a few different connectors (called CHAdeMO and SAE Combo).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teslas can hook up to proprietary \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supercharger stations\u003c/a>, though Tesla also has J1772 and CHAdeMO adapters for stations outside of its network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your car’s specs should outline \u003ca href=\"https://chargehub.com/en/electric-car-charging-guide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which connectors and charging systems\u003c/a> your EV can use (or it’s something you’ll learn on day one of ownership). It is possible that not every charging station you encounter will have fast charging options, but you should be able to connect to any Level 2 charger with or without a J1772 adapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maintain Your Vehicle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs don’t require regular oil changes like gas-powered cars. But that doesn’t mean you can simply charge and go. You still have to attend to other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/top-5-electric-car-maintenance-issues-and-their-costs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">standard-issue car maintenance tasks\u003c/a> and regularly inflate and rotate your tires, change your wiper blades, and keep an eye on brake pads. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/comments/67951o/should_i_get_an_electric_car/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EV drivers report\u003c/a> that underinflated tires can significantly affect your car’s range. Basically, maintenance matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most EVs come with much less frequent maintenance checks than conventional cars (case in point: the Chevy Bolt has no \u003ca href=\"https://insideevs.com/news/330737/chevrolet-bolt-requires-almost-no-maintenance-for-first-150000-miles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled maintenance\u003c/a> outside of tire rotations every 7,500 miles, air filter changes every 22,500 miles, and coolant flushes \u003cem>every 150,000 miles\u003c/em>). There may be some minimal maintenance required on batteries and electronics, and of course, things can unexpectedly go haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, PHEVs will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-car-safety-maintenance-and-battery-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on similar schedules to conventional cars\u003c/a> because they still have gas engines and associated fluids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on your specific service needs, your neighborhood mechanic may not be equipped for the job (if specialty tools are required, for example). In that case, you may need to seek out a dealer who works on your EV model.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"inset--story js_inset branded-item branded-item--lifehacker\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prepare for Extreme Temperatures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs \u003ca href=\"https://jalopnik.com/heres-what-happens-to-your-electric-car-in-a-bitter-can-1832151810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have some quirks in cold weather\u003c/a>. All cars are slightly less efficient in the winter, but EVs lose some of their range (\u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/maximizing-electric-cars-range-extreme-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent or more\u003c/a>) because batteries are very sensitive to temperature. Plus, it takes energy to power climate control—whether you’re running the heat or the air conditioning.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way around this is to \u003ca href=\"https://blog.ucsusa.org/dave-reichmuth/electric-cars-cold-weather-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">precondition your EV\u003c/a> while it’s plugged into your charger—this warms the car and the battery so stored energy goes toward powering your actual drive. It’s similar to turning on your gas-powered car’s heat before you actually need to get in and drive away, but with most EVs, you can turn on or schedule this function with a connected app. Heating both your battery and your EV’s cabin ahead of time means you’ll be warmer and your car will be more efficient despite the cold weather. You can also set preconditioning to work in the summer so your car is nice and cool for your commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a PHEV, heat relies on the gas engine. If you want to stay on battery power, turn on your heated seats until you can’t handle the cold and need to blast the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don’t forget to turn your car off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs and PHEVs are generally a lot quieter than regular vehicles—which means it’s easy to get out, shut the door, and forget that the car is running. Remember to turn it off before you walk away. While it’s unlikely you’ll come close to draining your battery before you return, you probably shouldn’t get in the habit of leaving it on. You may have the option to enable an alarm that goes off when you’ve left your car running. Some EVs \u003ca href=\"https://www.motortrend.com/news/chevrolet-bolt-ev-engineers-reveal-11-cool-facts-car-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatically shut off\u003c/a> after a set amount of time—and Teslas turn off when you exit and close the door behind you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-electric-cars-1838044588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-electric-cars-1838044588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lifehacker\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to make—and some planning you need to do.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Electric vehicles (EVs) \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are getting cheaper\u003c/a>—so whether you’re looking for a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">save on the hassle and cost of gas\u003c/a>, shrink your carbon footprint, or simply zip around in a new Tesla, there are lots of reasons to consider a hybrid or electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\">\u003c/a>But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to\u003cbr>\nmake—and some planning you need to do—to make sure the car you buy fits your driving needs. Here are a few things to consider before you make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decide Whether to Go With a Plug-in Hybrid or Full EV\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a conventional hybrid (HEV) relies on its gasoline engine and a small battery to work in tandem, a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) can operate on its battery alone—and burn no fuel—for a limited number of miles before the engine starts up to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you never plug your PHEV in, it’ll act just like a regular hybrid with the engine and battery trading off. So while you can charge your plug-in hybrid to get the benefits of battery-only driving over a short distance, you don’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full EV, on the other hand, relies solely on its battery for power—which means it has to be charged regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calculate Your Costs\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few elements to comparing the cost of an EV versus a conventional car. One is the cost to drive your vehicle off the lot. EVs are still \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more expensive up front\u003c/a>: $55,600 compared to an industry median of $36,600. The median cost of a PHEV is somewhere in the middle (\u003ca href=\"https://evadoption.com/ev-models/available-phevs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around $46,000\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some electric cars qualify you for \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/businesses/irc-30d-new-qualified-plug-in-electric-drive-motor-vehicle-credit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">up to $7,500 in federal tax credits\u003c/a> plus additional rebates and credits offered by your state or city. Some PHEVs have \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/taxevb.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">slightly lower credits\u003c/a> than full EVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you install Level 2 home charging equipment, that’ll add to your upfront cost (more on that in a minute).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real difference is in long-term costs, which vary widely based on factors like the car make and model; gas and electricity prices where you live; when and where you charge your EV; maintenance costs; and how much you drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it’s likely that your \u003ca href=\"https://craig.bonsignore.com/2012/09/19/one-year-of-electric-driving/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">energy costs will be lower\u003c/a> with an EV (electricity) versus a conventional car (gas) and somewhere in the middle with a PHEV. Use a calculator (like the FuelEconomy.gov’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=phev1Prompt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug-in Hybrid tool\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eGallon comparison\u003c/a>) to get a ballpark figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Install a charger at home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where you live, you may be able to rely on public charging stations to keep your EV’s battery full. But many electric car owners say that it’s much easier and more convenient to install a charger at your home if you’re able. Your vehicle is likely to spend the largest chunks of idle time parked in your garage or driveway, so if you can charge there you’ll save yourself the hassle of waiting at a station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in an apartment or have to park on the street or in a public lot, you may be out of luck on this (unless you can convince your landlord or property manager to install charging equipment).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Setting up home charging is pretty straightforward. You can plug a Level 1 charger right into a standard 120V outlet, though this will juice up your vehicle very slowly (2–5 miles per hour, according to \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/WPCC_L1ChargingAtTheWorkplace_0716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Department estimates\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Level 2 charger uses 240V, costs anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/hybrids-evs/whats-the-right-electric-car-charger-for-your-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a few hundred dollars to $1,000 or more\u003c/a> to install, and works much faster—adding anywhere from about \u003ca href=\"https://www.clippercreek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Level-1-vs-Level-2_Chart_-20180502_Final_Low-Res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 to 20 (or more, for some models) miles of range per hour\u003c/a> of charging. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.energysage.com/electric-vehicles/charging-your-ev/install-a-home-charging-station/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">install this type of charger yourself\u003c/a> or hire an electrician. Make sure you get the right parts for your vehicle. Tesla, for example, has a specific \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/home-charging-installation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hardware and installation guide\u003c/a> for its cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take Advantage of Free Charging (and Downtime)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging at home will add a little bit to your electricity bill, and some charging stations do require you to pay for juicing up your EV. But there are lots of ways to charge for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, your office may provide charging stations for employees so you can leave your car plugged in for part of your workday. Some hotels, restaurants, and stores offer charging for patrons. You can also find nearby public charging stations that are free using maps like \u003ca href=\"https://www.chargepoint.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChargePoint\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> (which have filters for paid vs. free stations).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that public charging stations often have time limits (similar to parking restrictions). Make sure you check signage and observe any posted rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, you can use any time you’re not driving—and any location where you can plug into a 120V outlet—as an opportunity to charge (at your friends’ homes, at your Airbnb, etc.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plan Your Driving Routes Ahead of Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your vehicle’s range may be one of the biggest limitations to consider before you buy. Most EVs have a range of fewer than 300 miles, which makes longer trips difficult unless you can find charging stations along the way. PHEVs have very \u003ca href=\"https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a27127697/plug-in-hybrid-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">short driving ranges per charge\u003c/a>—generally enough for commuting or running errands—but will switch to gas when needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since there are far more gas stations than charging stations, driving a full EV over longer distances requires some planning. Google Maps \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/how-to-find-ev-charging-stations-using-google-maps-1829884348\" rel=\"nofollow\">shows you nearby stations\u003c/a> and what kind of equipment is available if you search “EV Charging” or “EV Charging Stations.” \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/chargehub-finds-charging-stations-for-your-electric-veh-1743937351\" rel=\"nofollow\">Apps like ChargeHub\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> offer similar mapping features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where and how much you drive, an EV’s range may be plenty. But if you travel a lot, you may end up frustrated with charging stops and route planning if an EV is your only option. If charging stations are few and far between, if there’s a line of cars already waiting, or if you simply don’t want to stop for longer than a lunch break, this could get really old, really fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A possible workaround: if you road trip less frequently, rent a car as needed for distances beyond your EV’s range. Or go with a PHEV, which can switch to gas for longer journeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use the Right Charging Equipment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have to charge your car away from home, make sure you use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/vehicle-charging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right combination of charger and plug\u003c/a>. Most vehicles have a standard J1772 port that connects with a Level 1 or Level 2 charging unit. Some cars can also connect to faster Level 3 charging equipment using one of a few different connectors (called CHAdeMO and SAE Combo).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teslas can hook up to proprietary \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supercharger stations\u003c/a>, though Tesla also has J1772 and CHAdeMO adapters for stations outside of its network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your car’s specs should outline \u003ca href=\"https://chargehub.com/en/electric-car-charging-guide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which connectors and charging systems\u003c/a> your EV can use (or it’s something you’ll learn on day one of ownership). It is possible that not every charging station you encounter will have fast charging options, but you should be able to connect to any Level 2 charger with or without a J1772 adapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maintain Your Vehicle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs don’t require regular oil changes like gas-powered cars. But that doesn’t mean you can simply charge and go. You still have to attend to other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/top-5-electric-car-maintenance-issues-and-their-costs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">standard-issue car maintenance tasks\u003c/a> and regularly inflate and rotate your tires, change your wiper blades, and keep an eye on brake pads. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/comments/67951o/should_i_get_an_electric_car/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EV drivers report\u003c/a> that underinflated tires can significantly affect your car’s range. Basically, maintenance matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most EVs come with much less frequent maintenance checks than conventional cars (case in point: the Chevy Bolt has no \u003ca href=\"https://insideevs.com/news/330737/chevrolet-bolt-requires-almost-no-maintenance-for-first-150000-miles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled maintenance\u003c/a> outside of tire rotations every 7,500 miles, air filter changes every 22,500 miles, and coolant flushes \u003cem>every 150,000 miles\u003c/em>). There may be some minimal maintenance required on batteries and electronics, and of course, things can unexpectedly go haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, PHEVs will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-car-safety-maintenance-and-battery-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on similar schedules to conventional cars\u003c/a> because they still have gas engines and associated fluids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on your specific service needs, your neighborhood mechanic may not be equipped for the job (if specialty tools are required, for example). In that case, you may need to seek out a dealer who works on your EV model.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"inset--story js_inset branded-item branded-item--lifehacker\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prepare for Extreme Temperatures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs \u003ca href=\"https://jalopnik.com/heres-what-happens-to-your-electric-car-in-a-bitter-can-1832151810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have some quirks in cold weather\u003c/a>. All cars are slightly less efficient in the winter, but EVs lose some of their range (\u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/maximizing-electric-cars-range-extreme-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent or more\u003c/a>) because batteries are very sensitive to temperature. Plus, it takes energy to power climate control—whether you’re running the heat or the air conditioning.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way around this is to \u003ca href=\"https://blog.ucsusa.org/dave-reichmuth/electric-cars-cold-weather-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">precondition your EV\u003c/a> while it’s plugged into your charger—this warms the car and the battery so stored energy goes toward powering your actual drive. It’s similar to turning on your gas-powered car’s heat before you actually need to get in and drive away, but with most EVs, you can turn on or schedule this function with a connected app. Heating both your battery and your EV’s cabin ahead of time means you’ll be warmer and your car will be more efficient despite the cold weather. You can also set preconditioning to work in the summer so your car is nice and cool for your commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a PHEV, heat relies on the gas engine. If you want to stay on battery power, turn on your heated seats until you can’t handle the cold and need to blast the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don’t forget to turn your car off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs and PHEVs are generally a lot quieter than regular vehicles—which means it’s easy to get out, shut the door, and forget that the car is running. Remember to turn it off before you walk away. While it’s unlikely you’ll come close to draining your battery before you return, you probably shouldn’t get in the habit of leaving it on. You may have the option to enable an alarm that goes off when you’ve left your car running. Some EVs \u003ca href=\"https://www.motortrend.com/news/chevrolet-bolt-ev-engineers-reveal-11-cool-facts-car-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatically shut off\u003c/a> after a set amount of time—and Teslas turn off when you exit and close the door behind you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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