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"content": "\u003cp>Last week’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rain-mudslides-los-angeles-20151015-story.html\">devastating mudslides\u003c/a> in Southern California may foreshadow the kind of winter we’re in for this year, with a very strong El Niño warming the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last severe El Niño winter in 1997-’98 produced some 18,000 landslides in the Bay Area. Maps and computer models made then are paying dividends today as emergency planners use them to forecast what a similar winter in the next few months could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already trees are being trimmed, streambeds cleared and stormwater drains cleaned out in response to the threat of rare, extreme rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Strong Rains Mean Geologic Dangers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the last strong El Niño, the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park studied how it might affect the Bay Area. The resulting \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-745/\">San Francisco Bay Region Landslide Folio\u003c/a> of 1997 was used by emergency planners that stormy winter as they managed thousands of landslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-won knowledge will serve us again this winter, \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2015/101515-noaa-strong-el-nino-sets-the-stage-for-2015-2016-winter-weather.html\">which promises to be a wet one\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_318396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-318396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Torrential rains from El Niño created mudslides that destroyed homes along the Southern California coast on January 23, 1995. \" width=\"540\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-400x266.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-1920x1276.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Torrential rains from El Niño created mudslides that destroyed homes along the Southern California coast on January 23, 1995. \u003ccite>(Bob Nichols/USDA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, great rainstorms make geological trouble in two ways. First, they wash loose dirt and rocks downhill and create mudflows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, after weeks of heavy rain the ground becomes saturated until \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/31/landslide-season/\">whole hillsides give way in landslides\u003c/a>. When geologists inspected the hillsides above Southern California highways last week and said they were okay, this kind of slope failure is what they were checking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, these land movements move large amounts of rock and soil downhill toward the stream valleys, where the floodwaters can take over and wash it away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s El Niño is one of the strongest on record, and NOAA scientists say the Bay Area is likely to get more rain than normal this winter. Add to that the odds of an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/01/watching-the-atmospheric-rivers-flow/\">atmospheric river event\u003c/a>, and we might see some 1,000-year events this winter in individual watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is a 1,000-Year Event?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather scientists are calling the epic rainfall events that hit Los Angeles last week, and \u003ca href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/floods/events/2015/Joaquin/HolmesQA.html\">flooded South Carolina\u003c/a> earlier this month, “1,000-year events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term “1,000-year event” is often misunderstood. Scientists understand it as shorthand for an event with a 1-in-1,000 chance of happening in any given year. So it’s a statement about odds, not a length of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The 1,000-year probability assumes the future will be like the past. That assumption is no longer true.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Think of a gambling game with a set of three 10-sided dice. A “1,000-year event” is the same as the odds of rolling a triple-10 — you’d never expect one but you know it could always happen, even twice in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event might be limited to a specific locality or a span of time, such as a 1-hour or 24-hour rainfall total. Last week in Southern California, 3.38 inches of rain fell on a rain gauge in Leona Valley within the span of an hour. The National Weather Service called it a 1,000-year event, one that was limited to one rain gauge and one hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet a 1,000-year event, large or small, is momentous and historic. Geologists are interested in these events because that’s when streams and rivers turn into the Incredible Hulk and do some of their most important work. That’s when geology comes to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large flows of dense, mud-charged stormwater can bulldoze anything in their path. They can burst dams. It is 1,000-year floods that dig out and renew riverbeds after many years of silting up. Over a million years of geologic time, it’s a thousand 1,000-year events — not ordinary rains — that sculpt our landscape into its basic shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your local streambed \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/two-lessons-about-floods/\">has supersize boulders in it\u003c/a>, 1,000-year events wake them up for a rare roll downstream. If you can listen beneath the roar of the river, you might hear the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/07/geological-sounds/\">geological sound\u003c/a> they make as they tumble underneath the water like giant marbles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Odds Are High\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing makes 1,000-year events a sure thing. But the historically strong El Niño and the ever-present threat of a “Pineapple Express” atmospheric river event will make them much more likely this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an earthquake happens to add significant ground shaking to those things, the effects may truly be biblical. Earthquakes not only produce \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/\">widespread landslides\u003c/a> on their own, but also \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2014/09/08/after-oaklands-big-one-expect-a-rush-of-water/\">shake groundwater out of the hills into streams\u003c/a> for weeks afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, we have the the complex effects of global warming. The “1,000-year” probability assumes things don’t change, and the future will be like the past. That assumption is no longer true — the future will be warmer and probably more unstable than the past. Climate change is slowly loading those 10-sided dice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In brief, keep your eyes and ears open this coming winter. The authorities will have up-to-the-minute advice as the El Niño storms loom and the rain falls.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last week’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rain-mudslides-los-angeles-20151015-story.html\">devastating mudslides\u003c/a> in Southern California may foreshadow the kind of winter we’re in for this year, with a very strong El Niño warming the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last severe El Niño winter in 1997-’98 produced some 18,000 landslides in the Bay Area. Maps and computer models made then are paying dividends today as emergency planners use them to forecast what a similar winter in the next few months could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already trees are being trimmed, streambeds cleared and stormwater drains cleaned out in response to the threat of rare, extreme rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Strong Rains Mean Geologic Dangers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the last strong El Niño, the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park studied how it might affect the Bay Area. The resulting \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-745/\">San Francisco Bay Region Landslide Folio\u003c/a> of 1997 was used by emergency planners that stormy winter as they managed thousands of landslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-won knowledge will serve us again this winter, \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2015/101515-noaa-strong-el-nino-sets-the-stage-for-2015-2016-winter-weather.html\">which promises to be a wet one\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_318396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-318396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Torrential rains from El Niño created mudslides that destroyed homes along the Southern California coast on January 23, 1995. \" width=\"540\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-400x266.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-1920x1276.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/7943567466_5c7fe16e6a_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Torrential rains from El Niño created mudslides that destroyed homes along the Southern California coast on January 23, 1995. \u003ccite>(Bob Nichols/USDA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, great rainstorms make geological trouble in two ways. First, they wash loose dirt and rocks downhill and create mudflows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, after weeks of heavy rain the ground becomes saturated until \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/31/landslide-season/\">whole hillsides give way in landslides\u003c/a>. When geologists inspected the hillsides above Southern California highways last week and said they were okay, this kind of slope failure is what they were checking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, these land movements move large amounts of rock and soil downhill toward the stream valleys, where the floodwaters can take over and wash it away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s El Niño is one of the strongest on record, and NOAA scientists say the Bay Area is likely to get more rain than normal this winter. Add to that the odds of an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/01/watching-the-atmospheric-rivers-flow/\">atmospheric river event\u003c/a>, and we might see some 1,000-year events this winter in individual watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is a 1,000-Year Event?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather scientists are calling the epic rainfall events that hit Los Angeles last week, and \u003ca href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/floods/events/2015/Joaquin/HolmesQA.html\">flooded South Carolina\u003c/a> earlier this month, “1,000-year events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term “1,000-year event” is often misunderstood. Scientists understand it as shorthand for an event with a 1-in-1,000 chance of happening in any given year. So it’s a statement about odds, not a length of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The 1,000-year probability assumes the future will be like the past. That assumption is no longer true.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Think of a gambling game with a set of three 10-sided dice. A “1,000-year event” is the same as the odds of rolling a triple-10 — you’d never expect one but you know it could always happen, even twice in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event might be limited to a specific locality or a span of time, such as a 1-hour or 24-hour rainfall total. Last week in Southern California, 3.38 inches of rain fell on a rain gauge in Leona Valley within the span of an hour. The National Weather Service called it a 1,000-year event, one that was limited to one rain gauge and one hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet a 1,000-year event, large or small, is momentous and historic. Geologists are interested in these events because that’s when streams and rivers turn into the Incredible Hulk and do some of their most important work. That’s when geology comes to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large flows of dense, mud-charged stormwater can bulldoze anything in their path. They can burst dams. It is 1,000-year floods that dig out and renew riverbeds after many years of silting up. Over a million years of geologic time, it’s a thousand 1,000-year events — not ordinary rains — that sculpt our landscape into its basic shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your local streambed \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/two-lessons-about-floods/\">has supersize boulders in it\u003c/a>, 1,000-year events wake them up for a rare roll downstream. If you can listen beneath the roar of the river, you might hear the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/07/geological-sounds/\">geological sound\u003c/a> they make as they tumble underneath the water like giant marbles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Odds Are High\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing makes 1,000-year events a sure thing. But the historically strong El Niño and the ever-present threat of a “Pineapple Express” atmospheric river event will make them much more likely this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an earthquake happens to add significant ground shaking to those things, the effects may truly be biblical. Earthquakes not only produce \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/\">widespread landslides\u003c/a> on their own, but also \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2014/09/08/after-oaklands-big-one-expect-a-rush-of-water/\">shake groundwater out of the hills into streams\u003c/a> for weeks afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, we have the the complex effects of global warming. The “1,000-year” probability assumes things don’t change, and the future will be like the past. That assumption is no longer true — the future will be warmer and probably more unstable than the past. Climate change is slowly loading those 10-sided dice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In brief, keep your eyes and ears open this coming winter. The authorities will have up-to-the-minute advice as the El Niño storms loom and the rain falls.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Governor Signs 23 Environmental Bills, Including Microbead Ban",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a win for environmentalists, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">signed 23 bills\u003c/a> on Thursday, banning plastic microbeads, boosting composting, and divesting public retirement funds from coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The microbead ban, AB 888, outlaws the sale of cosmetics and toothpaste that contain tiny plastic particles, which pollute waterways and are \u003ca href=\"https://ag.ny.gov/pdfs/Microbeads_Report_5_14_14.pdf\">known to harm wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two composting bills require compost diversion from landfills and a report from cities and counties on how much compost they plan to produce over a 15-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both will help San Francisco achieve its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfenvironment.org/zero-waste\">goal of zero waste by 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important bill, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28942015/plastic-microbeads-and-state-coal-investments-banned-gov\">San Jose Mercury News’ Paul Rogers’\u003c/a> notes, is SB 185:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The measure requires the massive California Public Employees Retirement System, known as CalPERS, and the California State Teachers Retirement System, or CalSTRS, to sell off all stocks in companies that derive more than 50 percent of their revenue from mining coal by July 1, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two pension funds have a combined $299 million in such investments.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The new laws come a day after Brown approved the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy goal: get 50 percent of California’s energy from renewables by 2030. Currently, the state gets 25 percent of its energy from renewable sources like solar, wind and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> A full list of the bills can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">found here\u003c/a> and below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAB 692 – Low-carbon transportation fuels.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 793 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 802 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 808 – Automotive fuels and products.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 864 – Oil spill response: environmentally and ecologically sensitive areas.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 876 – Compostable organics.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 888 – Waste management: plastic microbeads.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1034 – Surface mining: reclamation plans: renewable energy generation facility.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1045 – Organic waste: composting.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1150 – Energy: University of California and California State University partnership.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1236 – Local ordinances: electric vehicle charging stations.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1274 – Public lands: geophysical surveys.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1420 – Oil and gas: pipelines.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1448 – Personal energy conservation: real property restrictions.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1482 – Climate adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1496 – Methane emissions.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 185 – Public retirement systems: public divestiture of thermal coal companies.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 246 – Climate change adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 295 – Pipeline safety: inspections.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 379 – Land use: general plan: safety element.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 414 – Oil spill response.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 513 – Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: fees.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 673 – Hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A day after Brown approved the nation's most ambitious clean energy goals, he signed a slew of new environmental bills.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a win for environmentalists, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">signed 23 bills\u003c/a> on Thursday, banning plastic microbeads, boosting composting, and divesting public retirement funds from coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The microbead ban, AB 888, outlaws the sale of cosmetics and toothpaste that contain tiny plastic particles, which pollute waterways and are \u003ca href=\"https://ag.ny.gov/pdfs/Microbeads_Report_5_14_14.pdf\">known to harm wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two composting bills require compost diversion from landfills and a report from cities and counties on how much compost they plan to produce over a 15-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both will help San Francisco achieve its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfenvironment.org/zero-waste\">goal of zero waste by 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important bill, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28942015/plastic-microbeads-and-state-coal-investments-banned-gov\">San Jose Mercury News’ Paul Rogers’\u003c/a> notes, is SB 185:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The measure requires the massive California Public Employees Retirement System, known as CalPERS, and the California State Teachers Retirement System, or CalSTRS, to sell off all stocks in companies that derive more than 50 percent of their revenue from mining coal by July 1, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two pension funds have a combined $299 million in such investments.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The new laws come a day after Brown approved the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy goal: get 50 percent of California’s energy from renewables by 2030. Currently, the state gets 25 percent of its energy from renewable sources like solar, wind and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> A full list of the bills can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">found here\u003c/a> and below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAB 692 – Low-carbon transportation fuels.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 793 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 802 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 808 – Automotive fuels and products.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 864 – Oil spill response: environmentally and ecologically sensitive areas.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 876 – Compostable organics.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 888 – Waste management: plastic microbeads.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1034 – Surface mining: reclamation plans: renewable energy generation facility.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1045 – Organic waste: composting.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1150 – Energy: University of California and California State University partnership.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1236 – Local ordinances: electric vehicle charging stations.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1274 – Public lands: geophysical surveys.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1420 – Oil and gas: pipelines.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1448 – Personal energy conservation: real property restrictions.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1482 – Climate adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1496 – Methane emissions.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 185 – Public retirement systems: public divestiture of thermal coal companies.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 246 – Climate change adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 295 – Pipeline safety: inspections.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 379 – Land use: general plan: safety element.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 414 – Oil spill response.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 513 – Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: fees.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 673 – Hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Governor Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19151\">landmark legislation\u003c/a> requiring the state to get 50 percent of its energy from renewables by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently about 25 percent of the state’s energy comes from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California, through this bill, is taking a major step,” Brown said. “Other people are going to follow. But it’s not going to be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_296195\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-800x563.jpg\" alt=\"A mirror at the Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert, developed by Oakland-based BrightSource Energy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-296195\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-800x563.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-400x281.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-1180x830.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-960x675.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mirror at the Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert, developed by Oakland-based BrightSource Energy. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28931393/californias-landmark-renewable-energy-law-be-signed-wednesday\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>‘ Paul Rogers talked to experts about the significance of this legislation and the difficulty of implementing the plan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s huge,” said Kathryn Phillips, state director for Sierra Club California. “It tells banks and utilities, and the people who make solar panels and windmills, that there is going to be a market. If you are thinking, ‘Should I invest in oil wells in Bakersfield or solar panels in Fresno,’ the solar panels are now the better bet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts say that it won’t be easy to reach the legislation’s goals in a state with 38 million people and a $2 trillion economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pushing the envelope hard,” said James Sweeney, director of the Precourt Institute for Energy Efficiency at Stanford University. “It’s going to be challenging. I don’t know if it is going to be viable without major economic consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key among the challenges: The sun doesn’t shine at night and the wind doesn’t blow all the time.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Two other states including Hawaii and Vermont have higher percentages. Hawaii aims to adopt 100 percent renewable energy by 2045 and Vermont is seeking 75 percent by 2032.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s goal incorporates more energy than Vermont and Hawaii since the state is so vast and houses 38 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has several large-scale solar farms including the 550-megawatt Desert Sunlight Solar Farm in the Mojave Desert that can power 160,000 homes. The Mojave also includes the 392-megawatt \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/07/12/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\">Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System\u003c/a> that powers 140,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to renewable energy, the governor also recommended decreasing petroleum use and making buildings and heating fuels more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here because of oil and gas,” Brown said, “That’s how we got here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has been the source of prosperity now becomes the source of our ultimate destruction if we don’t get off it.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Governor Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19151\">landmark legislation\u003c/a> requiring the state to get 50 percent of its energy from renewables by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently about 25 percent of the state’s energy comes from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California, through this bill, is taking a major step,” Brown said. “Other people are going to follow. But it’s not going to be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_296195\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-800x563.jpg\" alt=\"A mirror at the Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert, developed by Oakland-based BrightSource Energy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-296195\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-800x563.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-400x281.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-1180x830.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-960x675.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mirror at the Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert, developed by Oakland-based BrightSource Energy. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28931393/californias-landmark-renewable-energy-law-be-signed-wednesday\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>‘ Paul Rogers talked to experts about the significance of this legislation and the difficulty of implementing the plan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s huge,” said Kathryn Phillips, state director for Sierra Club California. “It tells banks and utilities, and the people who make solar panels and windmills, that there is going to be a market. If you are thinking, ‘Should I invest in oil wells in Bakersfield or solar panels in Fresno,’ the solar panels are now the better bet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts say that it won’t be easy to reach the legislation’s goals in a state with 38 million people and a $2 trillion economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pushing the envelope hard,” said James Sweeney, director of the Precourt Institute for Energy Efficiency at Stanford University. “It’s going to be challenging. I don’t know if it is going to be viable without major economic consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key among the challenges: The sun doesn’t shine at night and the wind doesn’t blow all the time.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Two other states including Hawaii and Vermont have higher percentages. Hawaii aims to adopt 100 percent renewable energy by 2045 and Vermont is seeking 75 percent by 2032.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s goal incorporates more energy than Vermont and Hawaii since the state is so vast and houses 38 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has several large-scale solar farms including the 550-megawatt Desert Sunlight Solar Farm in the Mojave Desert that can power 160,000 homes. The Mojave also includes the 392-megawatt \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/07/12/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\">Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System\u003c/a> that powers 140,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to renewable energy, the governor also recommended decreasing petroleum use and making buildings and heating fuels more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here because of oil and gas,” Brown said, “That’s how we got here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has been the source of prosperity now becomes the source of our ultimate destruction if we don’t get off it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s relentless four-year drought has had some unexpected consequences. It’s uncovered lost bits of history — ancient petroglyphs and remnants of mining towns at the bottom of reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the canyons of the Sierra foothills, the legendary rapids of the Stanislaus River are back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanislaus feeds New Melones Reservoir, about 80 miles east of the Bay Area — except that lately it hasn’t been feeding it much. The reservoir, which holds water for the federally operated Central Valley Project, has dropped to just over 10 percent of capacity. It’s receded so much that some of it has reverted to flowing river, exposing rapids that disappeared when the Army Corps of Engineers erected a \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=New+Melones+Unit+Project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">600-foot-high dam\u003c/a>, nearly 40 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look above us now,” Mark Dubois called out from the stern of a yellow inflatable raft. “Look downstream, you can see 40 feet above our heads would be reservoir in full season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/10/StanislausDubois.mp3\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/eanN_RJSdOs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Dubois started running this river as a teenager. Now in his mid-60s, his bearded, 6-foot-8 presence is still bigger than life. He became world famous briefly in 1979, when he took a bold — some would say, reckless — stand to save this stretch of river from being submerged by the new dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been groping all those years and every year since to describe the magic of every square foot of this river and what it does to people’s lives,” he says, “and I still have no words for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1979, when Dubois was 30 years old, he did have a kind of epiphany. After \u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer?pagename=SpiritoftheStan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">years of protests and political action\u003c/a>, it looked like he and his fellow activists had run out of options for stopping the canyon’s inundation, and the new, expanded reservoir was about to be filled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_287787\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-287787 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-800x600.jpg\" alt='Four years of drought have exposed standing forests that were underwater and \"bathtub rings\" that mark previous levels of the New Melones reservoir.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four years of drought have exposed standing forests that were underwater and “bathtub rings” that mark previous levels of the New Melones reservoir. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In that moment I had no idea what I was going to do,” he says, “but I knew that in that moment, I couldn’t just turn away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Dubois went down to the hardware store, bought some chain, and shackled himself to a canyon wall at a secret spot on the river’s edge — one that he knew would soon be underwater. He padlocked the chains and tossed the keys out of his reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked him if he was actually prepared to go under. His thoughtful one-word reply: “Yeah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move had been kept under close wraps. Dubois knew every corner of the canyon and was so well hidden that after several days of searching, officials suspected a hoax. But it was real, and Dubois’ act stunned even many of his fellow activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I didn’t do this wanting to commit suicide. I wanted them to choose.’\u003ccite> Mark Dubois,\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gina Cuclis, who worked on the Save-the-Stan campaign as a college student, remembers her reaction when someone handed her a newspaper in late May of ’79.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my god — look what he did!,” she recalls thinking. “And then it was stunned and shocked, but then it was like, wow. Wow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recalls that at the time, she was nervous on Dubois’ behalf, but never actually feared for his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was glad he did it because it was the big event we needed,” Cuclis says. “How do you get attention? You gotta do something shocking, sadly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t do this wanting to commit suicide,” says Dubois. “I wanted them (the Army Corps of Engineers) to choose. It was: You are consciously deciding to flood all the life in this canyon. Now you can choose to flood one more life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" size=\"full\" ids=\"286816\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Stan was wildly popular among rafters and kayakers. It was the closest thing California could offer to a Grand Canyon-type of experience: towering limestone canyons and Class III whitewater — rapids with “inviting” names like “Death Rock” and “Widowmaker.” But for all the morbid imagery, it was the life of the river that attracted Dubois — and cemented his resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, turquoise waters dancing around,” he recalls. “The butterflies were dancing, the dragonflies were coming, the grapevines were reaching out, the wildflowers blooming, and in a moment, I just felt the life of that place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few fellow activists joined Dubois in literally chaining their fates to the river canyon. The governor — Jerry Brown, as it happens — sent a plea to President Jimmy Carter to stop the filling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It worked, for a while. After a week in the canyon, Dubois came out with a deal in place to preserve at least part of the river, by filling the reservoir only partway. They managed to delay the flooding for a year, but ultimately the waters came, driven by the pressure for more irrigated land and the torrential El Niño rains of 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine-mile stretch of river, so beloved by so many, disappeared, bubbling back up only now that severe drought has exposed not only the rapids, but the memories and the grief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Losing a place you love is like losing a person you truly love,” says Cuclis. “It’s not a person but when it’s a place that has touched you, changed you, you feel a deep loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the river offers only faint shadows of what was; the canyon walls are scarred with high-water marks known as “bathtub rings,” and groves of skeletal Ponderosa pines, submerged for decades, still stand a ghostly vigil near the riverbed, newly exposed by receding waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the same punishing drought revives the call for more water storage — and to some that means more dams — some of the new generation of activists have returned to the Stan for inspiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I needed to see this place for myself. I needed to come see this,” said Eric Wesselman. He’s the current head of \u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Friends of the River\u003c/a>, a job that Dubois himself held when the organization was just getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve studied the campaign,” he told me as he was preparing to run the river with Dubois and a coterie of river enthusiasts. “Organizers like me yearn for the opportunity to be part of campaigns like that because they’re special and they’re magical and so powerful and great things can happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things did happen. There’s little doubt that the Stanislaus campaign supercharged a national movement to save \u003ca href=\"http://www.rivers.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wild and scenic rivers\u003c/a>, probably sparing the nearby Tuolumne River a major dam project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Dubois, the gains are still hard to balance against what was lost. Even today, he gets choked up contemplating it. He knows that, soon enough, rain will return and his lost world will again vanish beneath the waters of New Melones Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m10!1m8!1m3!1d201109.7184484181!2d-120.3549019!3d38.0391785!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1443804779084\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s relentless four-year drought has had some unexpected consequences. It’s uncovered lost bits of history — ancient petroglyphs and remnants of mining towns at the bottom of reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the canyons of the Sierra foothills, the legendary rapids of the Stanislaus River are back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanislaus feeds New Melones Reservoir, about 80 miles east of the Bay Area — except that lately it hasn’t been feeding it much. The reservoir, which holds water for the federally operated Central Valley Project, has dropped to just over 10 percent of capacity. It’s receded so much that some of it has reverted to flowing river, exposing rapids that disappeared when the Army Corps of Engineers erected a \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=New+Melones+Unit+Project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">600-foot-high dam\u003c/a>, nearly 40 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look above us now,” Mark Dubois called out from the stern of a yellow inflatable raft. “Look downstream, you can see 40 feet above our heads would be reservoir in full season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/10/StanislausDubois.mp3\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/eanN_RJSdOs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/eanN_RJSdOs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Dubois started running this river as a teenager. Now in his mid-60s, his bearded, 6-foot-8 presence is still bigger than life. He became world famous briefly in 1979, when he took a bold — some would say, reckless — stand to save this stretch of river from being submerged by the new dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been groping all those years and every year since to describe the magic of every square foot of this river and what it does to people’s lives,” he says, “and I still have no words for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1979, when Dubois was 30 years old, he did have a kind of epiphany. After \u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer?pagename=SpiritoftheStan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">years of protests and political action\u003c/a>, it looked like he and his fellow activists had run out of options for stopping the canyon’s inundation, and the new, expanded reservoir was about to be filled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_287787\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-287787 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-800x600.jpg\" alt='Four years of drought have exposed standing forests that were underwater and \"bathtub rings\" that mark previous levels of the New Melones reservoir.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/IMG_3577-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four years of drought have exposed standing forests that were underwater and “bathtub rings” that mark previous levels of the New Melones reservoir. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In that moment I had no idea what I was going to do,” he says, “but I knew that in that moment, I couldn’t just turn away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Dubois went down to the hardware store, bought some chain, and shackled himself to a canyon wall at a secret spot on the river’s edge — one that he knew would soon be underwater. He padlocked the chains and tossed the keys out of his reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked him if he was actually prepared to go under. His thoughtful one-word reply: “Yeah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move had been kept under close wraps. Dubois knew every corner of the canyon and was so well hidden that after several days of searching, officials suspected a hoax. But it was real, and Dubois’ act stunned even many of his fellow activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I didn’t do this wanting to commit suicide. I wanted them to choose.’\u003ccite> Mark Dubois,\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gina Cuclis, who worked on the Save-the-Stan campaign as a college student, remembers her reaction when someone handed her a newspaper in late May of ’79.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my god — look what he did!,” she recalls thinking. “And then it was stunned and shocked, but then it was like, wow. Wow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recalls that at the time, she was nervous on Dubois’ behalf, but never actually feared for his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was glad he did it because it was the big event we needed,” Cuclis says. “How do you get attention? You gotta do something shocking, sadly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t do this wanting to commit suicide,” says Dubois. “I wanted them (the Army Corps of Engineers) to choose. It was: You are consciously deciding to flood all the life in this canyon. Now you can choose to flood one more life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Stan was wildly popular among rafters and kayakers. It was the closest thing California could offer to a Grand Canyon-type of experience: towering limestone canyons and Class III whitewater — rapids with “inviting” names like “Death Rock” and “Widowmaker.” But for all the morbid imagery, it was the life of the river that attracted Dubois — and cemented his resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, turquoise waters dancing around,” he recalls. “The butterflies were dancing, the dragonflies were coming, the grapevines were reaching out, the wildflowers blooming, and in a moment, I just felt the life of that place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few fellow activists joined Dubois in literally chaining their fates to the river canyon. The governor — Jerry Brown, as it happens — sent a plea to President Jimmy Carter to stop the filling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It worked, for a while. After a week in the canyon, Dubois came out with a deal in place to preserve at least part of the river, by filling the reservoir only partway. They managed to delay the flooding for a year, but ultimately the waters came, driven by the pressure for more irrigated land and the torrential El Niño rains of 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine-mile stretch of river, so beloved by so many, disappeared, bubbling back up only now that severe drought has exposed not only the rapids, but the memories and the grief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Losing a place you love is like losing a person you truly love,” says Cuclis. “It’s not a person but when it’s a place that has touched you, changed you, you feel a deep loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the river offers only faint shadows of what was; the canyon walls are scarred with high-water marks known as “bathtub rings,” and groves of skeletal Ponderosa pines, submerged for decades, still stand a ghostly vigil near the riverbed, newly exposed by receding waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the same punishing drought revives the call for more water storage — and to some that means more dams — some of the new generation of activists have returned to the Stan for inspiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I needed to see this place for myself. I needed to come see this,” said Eric Wesselman. He’s the current head of \u003ca href=\"http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Friends of the River\u003c/a>, a job that Dubois himself held when the organization was just getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve studied the campaign,” he told me as he was preparing to run the river with Dubois and a coterie of river enthusiasts. “Organizers like me yearn for the opportunity to be part of campaigns like that because they’re special and they’re magical and so powerful and great things can happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things did happen. There’s little doubt that the Stanislaus campaign supercharged a national movement to save \u003ca href=\"http://www.rivers.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wild and scenic rivers\u003c/a>, probably sparing the nearby Tuolumne River a major dam project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Dubois, the gains are still hard to balance against what was lost. Even today, he gets choked up contemplating it. He knows that, soon enough, rain will return and his lost world will again vanish beneath the waters of New Melones Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Legislature may have scuttled the centerpiece of Gov. Jerry Brown’s climate change plans, but it still approved ambitious new environmental policies that will impact the economy and life of Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a long trek forward to change the very basis of our industrial economy,” Brown said last week. “And I think we’re making tremendous progress.”In coming years, the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0301-0350/sb_350_bill_20150911_enrolled.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislation\u003c/a> means California’s homes and buildings are expected to use dramatically less electricity and the \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/california-pushes-forward-on-renewable-power/\">power grid will increase its share of renewable energy\u003c/a>. Brown also hopes to achieve much of what the Legislature rejected through \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/california-climate-change-policy-overview/\">executive orders and regulations\u003c/a>. That will mean more electric cars on the road and increased use of biofuels, as part of a far-reaching effort to slash greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the legislative session that ended on Sept. 11, lawmakers halted a bill that would have mandated deep greenhouse gas emissions cuts by the year 2050. They also failed to extend the state’s carbon-limiting \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/cap-and-trade-is-california-a-leader-or-a-loner/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, which may otherwise expire in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most contentious of all was a bid to \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/can-california-cut-gasoline-use-in-half-in-15-years-probably-not/\">slash petroleum use in motor vehicles in half by 2030\u003c/a>. That idea got dropped after the oil industry launched a \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/ad-blitz-heats-up-climate-change-fight/\">vigorous advertising campaign in opposition\u003c/a>, and some Democrats in the state Assembly shied away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landmark Measure Passed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Brown and Senate President pro Tem \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/climate-soulmates/\">Kevin de León\u003c/a> (D-Los Angeles) will bring almost unparalleled accomplishments to a major international climate-change conference in Paris this December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers passed and sent to the governor a landmark measure, carried by de León, to require electric power providers to get half of their electricity from renewable sources by 2030 (currently they are required to get 33 percent by 2020). It’s a target that’s stricter than all but a few states. Brown is expected to sign the legislation by the Oct. 11 deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renewable energy goal means that electricity providers must invest in more wind farms and large-scale solar plants as well as new transmission infrastructure. Currently, the three major utilities in the state – Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric — each get more than 20 percent of their electricity from renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Utilities Commission has not yet studied how the 50 percent target might affect consumers’ electric rates. Terrie Prosper, a commission spokeswoman, said the marginal cost should be minimal “if new technologies like storage and electric vehicles can be effectively used to integrate renewable resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renewable energy bill also calls for new and existing buildings across the state to become, collectively, twice as energy efficient by 2030. This \u003ca href=\"http://docketpublic.energy.ca.gov/PublicDocuments/15-IEPR-05/TN205919_20150828T153953_Existing_Buildings_Energy_Efficiency_Action_Plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">means\u003c/a> that Californians can expect to get more information about their homes’ energy usage, a helpful tool for homebuyers among others. It is also likely to be easier to find and use incentives like rebates to make homes more efficient. Energy-use standards for electronic appliances may also continue to tighten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a very big goal,” said Dennis Murphy of the US Green Building Council’s California branch, who noted that the state already was far more energy-efficient than most of the nation. Churches, schools and office buildings will be affected as well as homes, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third leg of de León’s bill, known as Senate Bill 350, would have required the state to cut petroleum usage in motor vehicles in half by 2030. That portion got removed from the final bill. But Brown said last week that the California Air Resources Board, which would have taken charge of the petroleum mandate had it passed, would work toward a lower-petroleum future anyhow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing we don’t have is a formal statement in law of a 50 percent goal,” Brown said. “But the ARB is committed to that 50 percent goal, and I am committed to backing them up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the air board readopted a major rule known as the low-carbon fuel standard that requires producers of transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel to make their products 10 percent less carbon-intensive by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Executive Orders\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air board is already planning for long-term greenhouse gas emissions cuts to comply with executive orders issued by Brown and his predecessor, former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. The executive orders \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/how-hard-will-it-be-to-meet-2030-and-2050-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goals/\">require emissions reductions of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050\u003c/a>. These cuts will have impacts for many sectors, prompting industrial plants and even perhaps farms to cut their greenhouse gas output.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill would have codified those goals into law, which would preserve the goal in statute no matter who succeeds Brown as governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not really set in stone. It’s an executive order,” said Ethan Elkind, a climate expert affiliated with the laws schools of the University of California, Berkeley and UCLA. He added that some groups may not follow those orders the way they would legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But assuming the air board crafts policies to comply with the executive orders, that should effectively mean a close to 50 percent cut in petroleum use, said Simon Mui of the Natural Resources Defense Council — on the order, in other words, of what de León and Brown originally outlined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, despite Brown’s fury at the oil companies, the air board may not be able to enact petroleum cuts directly, in the absence of legislative action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Resources Board “has pretty broad authority over air emissions, but I don’t think that translates into a direct ability to reduce petroleum,” said Brian Cragg, an attorney with the San Francisco firm Goodin, MacBride, Squeri & Day. “They would have to try to find some tie to air emissions…that would result in a reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board spokesman Dave Clegern said in an e-mail that the agency does not comment on legislation. However, “broadly we would note that Senate Bill 350 did not expand ARB’s authority, nor was it a directive to create new regulations,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major programs needed to meet the decarbonizing goals announced this year by the governor are already in place, Clegern said. The air board has crafted policies that include reducing the carbon content of fuels, regulating the emissions from cars and trucks, and rewarding automakers that sell electric vehicles to Californians. The board also runs the cap-and-trade program, which limits carbon across nearly the entire California economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air board operates some of its key programs under a landmark piece of legislation passed in 2006, which sought to slash California’s greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 — a \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/will-california-meet-its-2020-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goal/\">goal that state officials expect to meet in time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the air board, which is overseen by a panel of gubernatorial appointees, is also likely to face increased scrutiny from both businesses and lawmakers as it embarks on more ambitious policies whose costs have yet to be determined, including those that affect petroleum. New \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/asm/ab_1251-1300/ab_1288_bill_20150914_enrolled.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislation\u003c/a>provides that the Senate and the Assembly will now each appoint one member of the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be a lot more attention paid to what strategies that we have available, including, like, litigation, to be able to address [regulatory] decisions, if we don’t think they’re fair and balanced,” said Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers, some of whom toyed with the idea of curbing the air board’s power during the recent session, will also take a more active role in the watching and overseeing the agency, Lapsley said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Legislature may have scuttled the centerpiece of Gov. Jerry Brown’s climate change plans, but it still approved ambitious new environmental policies that will impact the economy and life of Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a long trek forward to change the very basis of our industrial economy,” Brown said last week. “And I think we’re making tremendous progress.”In coming years, the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0301-0350/sb_350_bill_20150911_enrolled.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislation\u003c/a> means California’s homes and buildings are expected to use dramatically less electricity and the \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/california-pushes-forward-on-renewable-power/\">power grid will increase its share of renewable energy\u003c/a>. Brown also hopes to achieve much of what the Legislature rejected through \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/california-climate-change-policy-overview/\">executive orders and regulations\u003c/a>. That will mean more electric cars on the road and increased use of biofuels, as part of a far-reaching effort to slash greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the legislative session that ended on Sept. 11, lawmakers halted a bill that would have mandated deep greenhouse gas emissions cuts by the year 2050. They also failed to extend the state’s carbon-limiting \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/cap-and-trade-is-california-a-leader-or-a-loner/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, which may otherwise expire in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most contentious of all was a bid to \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/can-california-cut-gasoline-use-in-half-in-15-years-probably-not/\">slash petroleum use in motor vehicles in half by 2030\u003c/a>. That idea got dropped after the oil industry launched a \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/ad-blitz-heats-up-climate-change-fight/\">vigorous advertising campaign in opposition\u003c/a>, and some Democrats in the state Assembly shied away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landmark Measure Passed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Brown and Senate President pro Tem \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/climate-soulmates/\">Kevin de León\u003c/a> (D-Los Angeles) will bring almost unparalleled accomplishments to a major international climate-change conference in Paris this December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers passed and sent to the governor a landmark measure, carried by de León, to require electric power providers to get half of their electricity from renewable sources by 2030 (currently they are required to get 33 percent by 2020). It’s a target that’s stricter than all but a few states. Brown is expected to sign the legislation by the Oct. 11 deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renewable energy goal means that electricity providers must invest in more wind farms and large-scale solar plants as well as new transmission infrastructure. Currently, the three major utilities in the state – Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric — each get more than 20 percent of their electricity from renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Utilities Commission has not yet studied how the 50 percent target might affect consumers’ electric rates. Terrie Prosper, a commission spokeswoman, said the marginal cost should be minimal “if new technologies like storage and electric vehicles can be effectively used to integrate renewable resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renewable energy bill also calls for new and existing buildings across the state to become, collectively, twice as energy efficient by 2030. This \u003ca href=\"http://docketpublic.energy.ca.gov/PublicDocuments/15-IEPR-05/TN205919_20150828T153953_Existing_Buildings_Energy_Efficiency_Action_Plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">means\u003c/a> that Californians can expect to get more information about their homes’ energy usage, a helpful tool for homebuyers among others. It is also likely to be easier to find and use incentives like rebates to make homes more efficient. Energy-use standards for electronic appliances may also continue to tighten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a very big goal,” said Dennis Murphy of the US Green Building Council’s California branch, who noted that the state already was far more energy-efficient than most of the nation. Churches, schools and office buildings will be affected as well as homes, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third leg of de León’s bill, known as Senate Bill 350, would have required the state to cut petroleum usage in motor vehicles in half by 2030. That portion got removed from the final bill. But Brown said last week that the California Air Resources Board, which would have taken charge of the petroleum mandate had it passed, would work toward a lower-petroleum future anyhow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing we don’t have is a formal statement in law of a 50 percent goal,” Brown said. “But the ARB is committed to that 50 percent goal, and I am committed to backing them up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the air board readopted a major rule known as the low-carbon fuel standard that requires producers of transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel to make their products 10 percent less carbon-intensive by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Executive Orders\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air board is already planning for long-term greenhouse gas emissions cuts to comply with executive orders issued by Brown and his predecessor, former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. The executive orders \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/how-hard-will-it-be-to-meet-2030-and-2050-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goals/\">require emissions reductions of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050\u003c/a>. These cuts will have impacts for many sectors, prompting industrial plants and even perhaps farms to cut their greenhouse gas output.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill would have codified those goals into law, which would preserve the goal in statute no matter who succeeds Brown as governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not really set in stone. It’s an executive order,” said Ethan Elkind, a climate expert affiliated with the laws schools of the University of California, Berkeley and UCLA. He added that some groups may not follow those orders the way they would legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But assuming the air board crafts policies to comply with the executive orders, that should effectively mean a close to 50 percent cut in petroleum use, said Simon Mui of the Natural Resources Defense Council — on the order, in other words, of what de León and Brown originally outlined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, despite Brown’s fury at the oil companies, the air board may not be able to enact petroleum cuts directly, in the absence of legislative action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Resources Board “has pretty broad authority over air emissions, but I don’t think that translates into a direct ability to reduce petroleum,” said Brian Cragg, an attorney with the San Francisco firm Goodin, MacBride, Squeri & Day. “They would have to try to find some tie to air emissions…that would result in a reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board spokesman Dave Clegern said in an e-mail that the agency does not comment on legislation. However, “broadly we would note that Senate Bill 350 did not expand ARB’s authority, nor was it a directive to create new regulations,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major programs needed to meet the decarbonizing goals announced this year by the governor are already in place, Clegern said. The air board has crafted policies that include reducing the carbon content of fuels, regulating the emissions from cars and trucks, and rewarding automakers that sell electric vehicles to Californians. The board also runs the cap-and-trade program, which limits carbon across nearly the entire California economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air board operates some of its key programs under a landmark piece of legislation passed in 2006, which sought to slash California’s greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 — a \u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/articles/will-california-meet-its-2020-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goal/\">goal that state officials expect to meet in time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the air board, which is overseen by a panel of gubernatorial appointees, is also likely to face increased scrutiny from both businesses and lawmakers as it embarks on more ambitious policies whose costs have yet to be determined, including those that affect petroleum. New \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/asm/ab_1251-1300/ab_1288_bill_20150914_enrolled.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legislation\u003c/a>provides that the Senate and the Assembly will now each appoint one member of the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be a lot more attention paid to what strategies that we have available, including, like, litigation, to be able to address [regulatory] decisions, if we don’t think they’re fair and balanced,” said Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers, some of whom toyed with the idea of curbing the air board’s power during the recent session, will also take a more active role in the watching and overseeing the agency, Lapsley said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/09/WebDroughtTrees.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four years of drought, California has a huge number of dead and dying trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a U.S. Forest Service aerial survey last spring, researchers estimated there were 12.5 million dead trees on national forest lands alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t count dead and dying trees in open spaces and urban parks, or on private property like your backyard or your neighbor’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climatologists predicting that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/02/floods-in-a-drought-how-a-monster-el-nino-could-bring-relief-and-misery-to-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this year’s El Niño \u003c/a>will usher in strong winds and torrential rains, weakened trees pose dangers to people and property across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If we’re going to incur any sort of storm, there’s going be a lot of trees in jeopardy.’\u003ccite>Remy Hummer, Arborist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, arborists are working overtime to prune or remove trees on private property. And many homeowners aren’t receiving any assistance with the cost; San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley don’t have funds designated for this. In San Francisco, even street trees — normally a municipal responsibility — are being turned over to residents because the city doesn’t have the money to manage them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Protecting Power Lines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E inspects millions of trees each year and is responsible for removing limbs and trees that pose a threat to power lines in urban and rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a work site in Santa Cruz recently, program manager Joel Smith points out the signs of a dead tree, a Douglas fir that crews are trimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just a small portion of green up toward the top,” he says, “and the rest of the crown is basically dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clumps of pine needles at the top of this Douglas fir have started to turn brown, and lichen hangs from the lower branches. Smith says this tree is too close to power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://gifs.com/embed/KkPDkb\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" style=\"-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: scale(1);\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To get a sense of the size of this tree, look for the PG&E crew member who’s barely visible, just under the branch that’s being trimmed off.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is very serious,” he says. “Trees that are dead or are otherwise compromised can fail, and if they are close to our high voltage lines they can cause those lines to come down, which can create a very dangerous public safety hazard, as well as taking out the power and potentially causing a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire officials are currently investigating whether this month’s devastating Butte Fire was ignited when a tree came into contact with a power line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, says PG&E, crews are taking out 30 percent more dead trees and twice as many hazardous trees as in a non-drought year. And when customers call for a tree inspection, crews are doing less pruning and more removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Should Homeowners Do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you see a drought-stressed tree near a power line, call PG&E; if it’s a street tree, call 311 to schedule a city inspection. But if you’re worried about a tree on your property, call a certified arborist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remy Hummer with Arborist Now says he’s been working overtime since the beginning of the year, trimming and removing trees or supporting them with cables. He says a lot of calls this fall are from homeowners worried about storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_268059\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-268059\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A weakened tree is uprooted in Vallejo by winds from one of last winter's rare atmospheric river storms.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A weakened tree in Vallejo was uprooted by winds from one of last winter’s atmospheric river storms. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we’re going to incur any sort of storm, there’s going to be a lot of trees in jeopardy,” he says, “even the ones that are very sound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials say even in an ordinary year, between one and three tree branches fall every week in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But U.C. Berkeley forest ecologist Joe McBride says this winter, hundreds of branches could fall every week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climatologists now say there’s a 95 percent chance El Niño will last through the winter. And they’re saying the storms could be as big as the El Niño of 1997-98, when San Francisco received double its normal amount of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One clue that you may have a drought-stressed tree is a brown crown, says McBride. He says the crown is often the first place to go dry, because the tree simply can’t send enough water up to the taller branches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Bad Storm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his four decades studying trees, McBride says one of the worst winter storms he remembers was in 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were record wind velocities following about a week of rainfall in San Francisco,” he says, “and an estimated 6,000 trees at the Presidio and in Golden Gate Park were blown over as a result of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it didn’t take long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It all occurred in about a period of six hours, this one really heavy windstorm,” he says. “Blocked streets, a number of structures were hit by falling trees, cars were hit. It was a major disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a somewhat rare combination of prolonged rainfall with record winds, McBride says. And as to whether something similar is possible this winter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, I think it’s possible,” he says, “yeah.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After four years of drought, California has a huge number of dead and dying trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a U.S. Forest Service aerial survey last spring, researchers estimated there were 12.5 million dead trees on national forest lands alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t count dead and dying trees in open spaces and urban parks, or on private property like your backyard or your neighbor’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climatologists predicting that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/02/floods-in-a-drought-how-a-monster-el-nino-could-bring-relief-and-misery-to-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this year’s El Niño \u003c/a>will usher in strong winds and torrential rains, weakened trees pose dangers to people and property across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If we’re going to incur any sort of storm, there’s going be a lot of trees in jeopardy.’\u003ccite>Remy Hummer, Arborist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, arborists are working overtime to prune or remove trees on private property. And many homeowners aren’t receiving any assistance with the cost; San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley don’t have funds designated for this. In San Francisco, even street trees — normally a municipal responsibility — are being turned over to residents because the city doesn’t have the money to manage them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Protecting Power Lines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E inspects millions of trees each year and is responsible for removing limbs and trees that pose a threat to power lines in urban and rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a work site in Santa Cruz recently, program manager Joel Smith points out the signs of a dead tree, a Douglas fir that crews are trimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just a small portion of green up toward the top,” he says, “and the rest of the crown is basically dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clumps of pine needles at the top of this Douglas fir have started to turn brown, and lichen hangs from the lower branches. Smith says this tree is too close to power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://gifs.com/embed/KkPDkb\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" style=\"-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: scale(1);\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To get a sense of the size of this tree, look for the PG&E crew member who’s barely visible, just under the branch that’s being trimmed off.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is very serious,” he says. “Trees that are dead or are otherwise compromised can fail, and if they are close to our high voltage lines they can cause those lines to come down, which can create a very dangerous public safety hazard, as well as taking out the power and potentially causing a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire officials are currently investigating whether this month’s devastating Butte Fire was ignited when a tree came into contact with a power line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, says PG&E, crews are taking out 30 percent more dead trees and twice as many hazardous trees as in a non-drought year. And when customers call for a tree inspection, crews are doing less pruning and more removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Should Homeowners Do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you see a drought-stressed tree near a power line, call PG&E; if it’s a street tree, call 311 to schedule a city inspection. But if you’re worried about a tree on your property, call a certified arborist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remy Hummer with Arborist Now says he’s been working overtime since the beginning of the year, trimming and removing trees or supporting them with cables. He says a lot of calls this fall are from homeowners worried about storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_268059\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-268059\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A weakened tree is uprooted in Vallejo by winds from one of last winter's rare atmospheric river storms.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Fallen-tree-in-Vallejo.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A weakened tree in Vallejo was uprooted by winds from one of last winter’s atmospheric river storms. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we’re going to incur any sort of storm, there’s going to be a lot of trees in jeopardy,” he says, “even the ones that are very sound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials say even in an ordinary year, between one and three tree branches fall every week in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But U.C. Berkeley forest ecologist Joe McBride says this winter, hundreds of branches could fall every week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climatologists now say there’s a 95 percent chance El Niño will last through the winter. And they’re saying the storms could be as big as the El Niño of 1997-98, when San Francisco received double its normal amount of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One clue that you may have a drought-stressed tree is a brown crown, says McBride. He says the crown is often the first place to go dry, because the tree simply can’t send enough water up to the taller branches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Bad Storm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his four decades studying trees, McBride says one of the worst winter storms he remembers was in 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were record wind velocities following about a week of rainfall in San Francisco,” he says, “and an estimated 6,000 trees at the Presidio and in Golden Gate Park were blown over as a result of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it didn’t take long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It all occurred in about a period of six hours, this one really heavy windstorm,” he says. “Blocked streets, a number of structures were hit by falling trees, cars were hit. It was a major disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a somewhat rare combination of prolonged rainfall with record winds, McBride says. And as to whether something similar is possible this winter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, I think it’s possible,” he says, “yeah.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay and Delta were once ringed by a deep fringe of marshes. They acted as the lungs and kidneys of the ecosystem, filtering water and providing homes to millions of shorebirds, ducks, fish and other wildlife. But because of diking, dredging and filling before 1970 when modern environmental laws began to protect wetlands, the amount of tidal marsh around the bay and delta declined from roughly 555,000 acres in 1800 to about 40,000 acres by 2009 -– a drop of more than 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, tidal marsh protection and restoration has been a priority for public agencies and environmental groups, and more than 11,000 acres have been added or restored. You can see an \u003ca href=\"http://maps.californiawetlands.net/soter2015/tidalmarsh/map/index.php\">animation of the bay’s marsh history\u003c/a> from the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a pilot project is underway near Hayward that could revolutionize future tidal marsh restoration efforts, and pave the way for protecting property that rings the bay from rising sea levels that most scientists expect as climate change continues to warm the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Horizontal Levee” project at the Oro Loma Sanitary District is a first-of-its-kind effort designed to mimic the way historical marsh areas work, from filtering wastewater to protecting the shoreline against battering waves and erosion during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike traditional narrow levees or sea walls, “horizontal levees” are wider, with a gentle slope from dry land toward the bay that is similar to natural wetlands. They are designed to blunt the force of waves, preventing flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting thousands of native plants in the $9 million project is expected to begin Nov. 1, with the entire project taking about two years to complete. In addition to the wide, sloping levee, the plan also includes building a two-acre adjacent wetland area inside the levee near the Oro Loma sewage treatment plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new freshwater wetland area will hold up to 8 million gallons of overflow water in storms. The wide levee and the wetland will be covered with plants, and will naturally filter and clean treated wastewater from the sewage plant through thousands of rushes and sedges. It also will provide habitat for wildlife. If the project is successful, it could be duplicated around the bay, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-273868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Teen volunteers from EBRPD's "Teen EcoAction" lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay's nursery in Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teen volunteers from EBRPD’s “Teen EcoAction” lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay’s nursery in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Morgan Dill, EBRPD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can see more of the design in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.oroloma.org/asset/doc/ecotone/oro-loma-ecotone-public-outreach-brochure.pdf\">informational brochure\u003c/a> from the sanitary district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Olson, nursery manager for Save the Bay, explained that planners grew more than 60,000 native marsh plants for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plants were raised from seeds, hand collected last summer and early fall, or grown from cuttings taken from sites around the bay, including Sears Point, China Camp and East Bay Regional parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To grow the native plants, Save the Bay staff and volunteers installed 17 large raised beds near the restoration site in addition to two existing nursery areas in Oakland and Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 20 species, including creeping wild rye, Baltic rush, spikerush, basket sedge and field sedge, western ragweed, California blackberry and alkali bulrush are ready to be planted in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-273870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project. \u003ccite>(Vivian Reed, Save the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The work is the latest in wetland restoration efforts around the east and southern parts of the bay, the most prominent being the South Bay Salt Restoration Project, in which state and federal officials are converting thousands of acres of former Cargill Salt industrial evaporation ponds back into marshes for ducks, shorebirds and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are so excited about the Oro Loma project,” said Olson. “With the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project coming online, there is a lot of hope for tidal marsh and transition zones to be restored around the bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more about the “Horizontal Levee” project see \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\">“Are Wetlands Nature’s Best Defense Against Sea Level Rise?” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay and Delta were once ringed by a deep fringe of marshes. They acted as the lungs and kidneys of the ecosystem, filtering water and providing homes to millions of shorebirds, ducks, fish and other wildlife. But because of diking, dredging and filling before 1970 when modern environmental laws began to protect wetlands, the amount of tidal marsh around the bay and delta declined from roughly 555,000 acres in 1800 to about 40,000 acres by 2009 -– a drop of more than 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, tidal marsh protection and restoration has been a priority for public agencies and environmental groups, and more than 11,000 acres have been added or restored. You can see an \u003ca href=\"http://maps.californiawetlands.net/soter2015/tidalmarsh/map/index.php\">animation of the bay’s marsh history\u003c/a> from the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a pilot project is underway near Hayward that could revolutionize future tidal marsh restoration efforts, and pave the way for protecting property that rings the bay from rising sea levels that most scientists expect as climate change continues to warm the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Horizontal Levee” project at the Oro Loma Sanitary District is a first-of-its-kind effort designed to mimic the way historical marsh areas work, from filtering wastewater to protecting the shoreline against battering waves and erosion during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike traditional narrow levees or sea walls, “horizontal levees” are wider, with a gentle slope from dry land toward the bay that is similar to natural wetlands. They are designed to blunt the force of waves, preventing flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting thousands of native plants in the $9 million project is expected to begin Nov. 1, with the entire project taking about two years to complete. In addition to the wide, sloping levee, the plan also includes building a two-acre adjacent wetland area inside the levee near the Oro Loma sewage treatment plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new freshwater wetland area will hold up to 8 million gallons of overflow water in storms. The wide levee and the wetland will be covered with plants, and will naturally filter and clean treated wastewater from the sewage plant through thousands of rushes and sedges. It also will provide habitat for wildlife. If the project is successful, it could be duplicated around the bay, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-273868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Teen volunteers from EBRPD's "Teen EcoAction" lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay's nursery in Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teen volunteers from EBRPD’s “Teen EcoAction” lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay’s nursery in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Morgan Dill, EBRPD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can see more of the design in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.oroloma.org/asset/doc/ecotone/oro-loma-ecotone-public-outreach-brochure.pdf\">informational brochure\u003c/a> from the sanitary district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Olson, nursery manager for Save the Bay, explained that planners grew more than 60,000 native marsh plants for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plants were raised from seeds, hand collected last summer and early fall, or grown from cuttings taken from sites around the bay, including Sears Point, China Camp and East Bay Regional parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To grow the native plants, Save the Bay staff and volunteers installed 17 large raised beds near the restoration site in addition to two existing nursery areas in Oakland and Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 20 species, including creeping wild rye, Baltic rush, spikerush, basket sedge and field sedge, western ragweed, California blackberry and alkali bulrush are ready to be planted in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-273870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project. \u003ccite>(Vivian Reed, Save the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The work is the latest in wetland restoration efforts around the east and southern parts of the bay, the most prominent being the South Bay Salt Restoration Project, in which state and federal officials are converting thousands of acres of former Cargill Salt industrial evaporation ponds back into marshes for ducks, shorebirds and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are so excited about the Oro Loma project,” said Olson. “With the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project coming online, there is a lot of hope for tidal marsh and transition zones to be restored around the bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more about the “Horizontal Levee” project see \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\">“Are Wetlands Nature’s Best Defense Against Sea Level Rise?” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers at San Jose State have a theory that could explain the wind-driven explosive growth of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/13/valley-fire-forcing-residents-to-evacuate-injures-firefighters-in-lake-county\">Valley Fire\u003c/a>, and as strange as it sounds it’s … a hurricane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strengthening El Niño conditions have spawned an active Pacific hurricane season. Just as the Valley Fire was getting started, a dying hurricane named Linda was still pumping moist air into the upper atmosphere, well north along the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it’s really the mixture of those two air masses — the moist air aloft and the really dry air near the surface — that led to the development of these winds,” says Neil Lareau, a researcher at the university’s Fire Weather Research Lab and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/blog/2015/9/15/did-tropical-moisture-contribute-to-the-valley-fire-blow-up\">co-author of the article\u003c/a> appearing on the lab’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cooler air is actually denser than warmer air,” he explains. “So when you cool the air, it tends to sink towards the surface, and it also tends to develop higher pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That high pressure building just off the coast created a “burst of northwest winds” that bedeviled firefighters with 35 mph gusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Wetter Isn’t Better\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rain that never made it to the ground (known as virga) in the fire zone actually made matters worse, in Lareau’s analysis. Evaporating raindrops rapidly cooled the upper-level air, which created a downdraft that increased winds locally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lareau’s article is not based on any formal peer-reviewed study, he writes that there is “clear evidence that tropical moisture contributed to enhanced northwest winds that propelled the fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the fire was in its most explosive growth phase, fire officials marveled at how the blaze seemed to leapfrog attempts to subdue it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire would throw embers a half-mile beyond where firefighters were working,” said Cal Fire spokesman Daniel Berlant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the kind of fire we \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/17/why-the-worst-of-fire-season-may-lie-ahead/\">would see with Santa Ana winds\u003c/a> but in our area, this is unprecedented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lareau has an explanation for that, too. He says the same bizarre set of meteorological conditions caused the usual upward column of hot air to tilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then all of those embers that would’ve been going straight up in the plume get ejected out in front of the initial fire,” explains Lareau, “causing new fires to form in this kind of hopscotch fire growth across the landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lareau says it’s hard to tell what implications this has for the remaining fire season. The likelihood of similar events might depend on what other storms are spun out of the tropical Pacific by El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Strengthening El Niño conditions have spawned an active Pacific hurricane season, one long tendril of which could have stoked flames in Lake County.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers at San Jose State have a theory that could explain the wind-driven explosive growth of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/13/valley-fire-forcing-residents-to-evacuate-injures-firefighters-in-lake-county\">Valley Fire\u003c/a>, and as strange as it sounds it’s … a hurricane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strengthening El Niño conditions have spawned an active Pacific hurricane season. Just as the Valley Fire was getting started, a dying hurricane named Linda was still pumping moist air into the upper atmosphere, well north along the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it’s really the mixture of those two air masses — the moist air aloft and the really dry air near the surface — that led to the development of these winds,” says Neil Lareau, a researcher at the university’s Fire Weather Research Lab and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/blog/2015/9/15/did-tropical-moisture-contribute-to-the-valley-fire-blow-up\">co-author of the article\u003c/a> appearing on the lab’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cooler air is actually denser than warmer air,” he explains. “So when you cool the air, it tends to sink towards the surface, and it also tends to develop higher pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That high pressure building just off the coast created a “burst of northwest winds” that bedeviled firefighters with 35 mph gusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Wetter Isn’t Better\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rain that never made it to the ground (known as virga) in the fire zone actually made matters worse, in Lareau’s analysis. Evaporating raindrops rapidly cooled the upper-level air, which created a downdraft that increased winds locally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lareau’s article is not based on any formal peer-reviewed study, he writes that there is “clear evidence that tropical moisture contributed to enhanced northwest winds that propelled the fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the fire was in its most explosive growth phase, fire officials marveled at how the blaze seemed to leapfrog attempts to subdue it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire would throw embers a half-mile beyond where firefighters were working,” said Cal Fire spokesman Daniel Berlant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the kind of fire we \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/17/why-the-worst-of-fire-season-may-lie-ahead/\">would see with Santa Ana winds\u003c/a> but in our area, this is unprecedented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lareau has an explanation for that, too. He says the same bizarre set of meteorological conditions caused the usual upward column of hot air to tilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then all of those embers that would’ve been going straight up in the plume get ejected out in front of the initial fire,” explains Lareau, “causing new fires to form in this kind of hopscotch fire growth across the landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lareau says it’s hard to tell what implications this has for the remaining fire season. The likelihood of similar events might depend on what other storms are spun out of the tropical Pacific by El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As bad as things are already, the system in place to manage California’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/13/valley-fire-forcing-residents-to-evacuate-injures-firefighters-in-lake-county\">wildfire season\u003c/a> is already “stretched very, very thinly,” according to Mark Ghilarducci, who directs the state’s Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire season itself has probably been the most extreme that I’ve seen in my 30 years,” said Ghilarducci in a state-produced \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/139405750\">video interview\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not over. In fact, it could get worse, for three main reasons:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We’re still in a drought\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “rainy season” is still a good six weeks away though don’t tell L.A. residents who got a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rain-moves-into-southern-california-thanks-to-former-hurricane-linda-20150915-story.html\">surprise drenching\u003c/a> of nearly two inches of rain in one morning this week. The Southland has seen other freak rains this summer, which washed out a freeway overpass and forced the first Major League Baseball rain-outs in two decades. Those were shards from an active Pacific hurricane season, probably linked to El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the light rain that fell near the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/14/photos-scenes-from-the-lake-county-valley-fire\">Valley Fire\u003c/a> on Monday, never even made it to the ground, according to officials on the scene. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/blog/2015/9/15/did-tropical-moisture-contribute-to-the-valley-fire-blow-up\">preliminary research\u003c/a> at San Jose State University’s Fire Weather Research Lab suggests that the \u003ca href=\"http://earthsky.org/earth/virga-is-rain-that-doesnt-reach-the-ground\">virga\u003c/a> actually made matters worse on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rain that we saw in Southern California notwithstanding, it certainly hasn’t rained like that up north and even in the south it will dry out quickly,” warns Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is still experiencing really severe drought conditions and we definitely have a few more months before we see substantial relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain says that even if the current El Niño conditions in the Pacific turn out to be a major rainmaker, California is not likely to see the peak effects until December or January. Meanwhile, each passing week without substantial precipitation increases evaporation, baking out what little moisture remains in soils and setting the stage for more severe wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changes in the Wind\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of California’s most aggressive fires are driven by what scientists call katabatic winds, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/12/01/santa-ana-wind-season-may-be-stretched-by-climate-change/\">better known as Santa Anas\u003c/a> in Southern California, Diablos in the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall, the usual onshore breezes start backing around and dry easterly winds roar through mountain passes, speeding up and heating up along the way. This season, some fires have behaved like classic Santa Ana-driven fires — without the winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The devastating Valley Fire north of the Bay Area stunned firefighters, blowing up to 40,000 acres in one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire would throw embers a half-mile beyond where firefighters were working, said Cal Fire spokesman Daniel Berlant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the kind of fire we would see with Santa Ana winds but in our area, this is unprecedented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High Temperatures Will Up the Ante\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to the mix the abnormally high temperatures that have persisted this summer, often at the most inopportune times, such as the early days of the Valley Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This late-season heat really sort of sets the stage for any big offshore wind events—these Santa Ana or Diablo winds that often occur later in the fall,” warns Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2014 went down as California’s warmest year on record and 2015 is on track to beat it. According to NOAA, the statewide average temperature was slightly above normal in July, then spiked to nearly 3 degrees Fahrenheit above the 20th Century average in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the state’s most catastrophic fires have broken out in October, including the historic \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandnorth.net/oakland-hills-fire/\">Oakland Hills firestorm, \u003c/a>which destroyed more than 3,000 homes in 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the vegetation is drought-stressed and especially dry given the heat wave, and so if and when we get these big wind events over the next couple of months, that’s probably going to lead to some big problems,” says Swain.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The fire season has been \"a marathon, not a sprint,\" according to one top official -- and there are miles left to go.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As bad as things are already, the system in place to manage California’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/13/valley-fire-forcing-residents-to-evacuate-injures-firefighters-in-lake-county\">wildfire season\u003c/a> is already “stretched very, very thinly,” according to Mark Ghilarducci, who directs the state’s Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire season itself has probably been the most extreme that I’ve seen in my 30 years,” said Ghilarducci in a state-produced \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/139405750\">video interview\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not over. In fact, it could get worse, for three main reasons:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We’re still in a drought\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “rainy season” is still a good six weeks away though don’t tell L.A. residents who got a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rain-moves-into-southern-california-thanks-to-former-hurricane-linda-20150915-story.html\">surprise drenching\u003c/a> of nearly two inches of rain in one morning this week. The Southland has seen other freak rains this summer, which washed out a freeway overpass and forced the first Major League Baseball rain-outs in two decades. Those were shards from an active Pacific hurricane season, probably linked to El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the light rain that fell near the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/14/photos-scenes-from-the-lake-county-valley-fire\">Valley Fire\u003c/a> on Monday, never even made it to the ground, according to officials on the scene. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/blog/2015/9/15/did-tropical-moisture-contribute-to-the-valley-fire-blow-up\">preliminary research\u003c/a> at San Jose State University’s Fire Weather Research Lab suggests that the \u003ca href=\"http://earthsky.org/earth/virga-is-rain-that-doesnt-reach-the-ground\">virga\u003c/a> actually made matters worse on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rain that we saw in Southern California notwithstanding, it certainly hasn’t rained like that up north and even in the south it will dry out quickly,” warns Stanford climate scientist Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is still experiencing really severe drought conditions and we definitely have a few more months before we see substantial relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain says that even if the current El Niño conditions in the Pacific turn out to be a major rainmaker, California is not likely to see the peak effects until December or January. Meanwhile, each passing week without substantial precipitation increases evaporation, baking out what little moisture remains in soils and setting the stage for more severe wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changes in the Wind\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of California’s most aggressive fires are driven by what scientists call katabatic winds, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/12/01/santa-ana-wind-season-may-be-stretched-by-climate-change/\">better known as Santa Anas\u003c/a> in Southern California, Diablos in the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall, the usual onshore breezes start backing around and dry easterly winds roar through mountain passes, speeding up and heating up along the way. This season, some fires have behaved like classic Santa Ana-driven fires — without the winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The devastating Valley Fire north of the Bay Area stunned firefighters, blowing up to 40,000 acres in one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire would throw embers a half-mile beyond where firefighters were working, said Cal Fire spokesman Daniel Berlant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the kind of fire we would see with Santa Ana winds but in our area, this is unprecedented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High Temperatures Will Up the Ante\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to the mix the abnormally high temperatures that have persisted this summer, often at the most inopportune times, such as the early days of the Valley Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This late-season heat really sort of sets the stage for any big offshore wind events—these Santa Ana or Diablo winds that often occur later in the fall,” warns Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2014 went down as California’s warmest year on record and 2015 is on track to beat it. According to NOAA, the statewide average temperature was slightly above normal in July, then spiked to nearly 3 degrees Fahrenheit above the 20th Century average in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the state’s most catastrophic fires have broken out in October, including the historic \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandnorth.net/oakland-hills-fire/\">Oakland Hills firestorm, \u003c/a>which destroyed more than 3,000 homes in 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the vegetation is drought-stressed and especially dry given the heat wave, and so if and when we get these big wind events over the next couple of months, that’s probably going to lead to some big problems,” says Swain.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Big Challenge as California Ramps Up Wind Power: Golden Eagles",
"headTitle": "Big Challenge as California Ramps Up Wind Power: Golden Eagles | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/09/WindFarmsEagles.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s history with wind power goes back decades — as do its troubles with turbines killing birds, including federally protected golden eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With state officials now planning to ramp up renewable energy, an uneasy tension exists between protecting wildlife, and fighting climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“At nighttime, as soon as it gets dark, striped skunks run to the wind turbines. Literally run.”\u003ccite>Shawn Smallwood, Ecologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ecologist Shawn Smallwood has found mangled eagles several times in wind farms like those at Altamont Pass, near Livermore. The place has a reputation for turbines killing birds. Alameda County estimates 35 golden eagles were killed there in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researching this problem is complicated partly by scavengers, such as ravens, snatching up carcasses before Smallwood can tally them. Coyotes, foxes and badgers converge on the wind farm and search the grounds in a pattern, he says, just like a scientist would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At nighttime, as soon as it gets dark, striped skunks run to the wind turbines. Literally run,” says Smallwood. “They also go to the turbines that kill the most animals, so they’re familiar with where they can find food. They usually go to the downwind side of the turbines, again where the bats and birds are most likely to fall after they get hit by a wind turbine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history of wind power is littered with attempts to make turbines safer for birds and bats. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtgBWNKwBkE\">It’s not easy\u003c/a>. Golden eagles fix their eyesight on prey on the ground and don’t necessarily see what they’re flying into. Smallwood once advocated shutting turbines off over winter, but says on an overcast day, birds can still fly right into blades that aren’t even turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_247869\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-247869\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-800x844.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists are studying golden eagles in the Altamont Pass by placing radio transmitters on them.\" width=\"401\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-800x844.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-400x422.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-1440x1518.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-1180x1244.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-960x1012.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists are studying golden eagles in the Altamont Pass by placing radio transmitters on them. \u003ccite>(Joseph DiDonato/Wildlife Consulting and Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the Altamont Pass Wind Farm, a process is underway right now called “repowering.” This means removing hundreds of older, less efficient turbines. A single massive, new turbine can take the place of 20 or 30 of the older models. This also affords an opportunity to get turbines out of particularly lethal spots altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, the tip of a huge blade can slice through the air at \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/5930272/the-worlds-biggest-wind-turbine-blades-are-so-long-their-tips-spin-at-180-mph\">speeds like a racecar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, before the repowering process started, Smallwood estimates 60 golden eagles were killed each year at Altamont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Permit to Kill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not listed as endangered, golden eagles are protected under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. Killing them is illegal. But, with the exception of a couple wind companies recently fined in Wyoming, the federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0514/Why-wind-farms-kill-eagles-with-federal-impunity\">has rarely enforced such laws\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Flaherty, a spokesman for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, says the agency wants to work alongside wind companies — not punish them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While prosecutions are great and make for great headlines, they don’t always do the best thing for eagles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2009, wind companies have been able to apply for a “take permit,” essentially, permission to kill a small number of golden eagles. Such applications are thick, highly technical and take a long time to write. Only one permit has been issued since the program was introduced — for a wind farm in Solano County. Seven other wind farms have applications in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_247865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-247865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Ecologist Shawn Smallwood holds a golden eagle found injured in the Altamont Pass.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Shawn Smallwood holds a golden eagle found injured in the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Joseph DiDonato/Wildlife Consulting and Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By getting wind companies in the door to discuss permits, Flaherty says the agency can also have a frank discussion about settling up over eagles killed in years past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing about eagle permits is that they don’t allow for past take,” he says. “They don’t really forgive past take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an agreement with U.S. Fish and Wildlife, one company recently paid $10,000 and will spend hundreds of thousands more on research to help eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permits last five years. Last month, a federal judge kicked a new 30-year version \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcet.org/news/redefine/rewire/commentary/court-sends-30-year-eagle-kill-permits-back-to-drawing-board.html\">back to Fish and Wildlife officials\u003c/a> for more work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hardly a Free Pass\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown’s administration has set an ambitious goal: By 2030, Brown wants half of California’s power to come from renewable sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Rader, executive director for the California Wind Energy Association, says the industry is aiming to more than double wind energy capacity by 2030; hundreds of new turbines have to go \u003cem>somewhere.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_248142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-248142\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-800x1052.jpg\" alt=\"Only one wind farm, in Solano County, has received a federal permit for the killing of golden eagles. Several others have applications in the pipeline.\" width=\"355\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-800x1052.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-400x526.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-1180x1552.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-960x1262.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B.jpg 1219w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only one wind farm, located in Solano County, has received a federal permit for the killing of golden eagles. Several others have applications in the pipeline. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Far from getting an easy pass from regulators, Rader points to proposed restrictions from the Bureau of Land Management, as well as local governments in places like Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing land-use plans coming out from both the federal government and county governments that actually prohibit the development of wind energy across large areas of California,” Rader says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy supply is about trade-offs, says Ryan Wiser, a senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really no free lunch here,” he says, and refers to \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/eere/wind/wind-vision\">a report out this year\u003c/a> from the federal Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report examines a future in which wind energy scales up dramatically in coming decades. It concludes that replacing fossil fuels with wind will save hundreds of billions of dollars in “avoided global climate damages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Wiser points out, the report didn’t attempt to pin down the economic value of the loss of wildlife – such as eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science coordinating television producer Gabriela Quiros contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "So far, only one wind farm has gotten a permit allowing its turbines to kill the federally protected eagles.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s history with wind power goes back decades — as do its troubles with turbines killing birds, including federally protected golden eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With state officials now planning to ramp up renewable energy, an uneasy tension exists between protecting wildlife, and fighting climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“At nighttime, as soon as it gets dark, striped skunks run to the wind turbines. Literally run.”\u003ccite>Shawn Smallwood, Ecologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ecologist Shawn Smallwood has found mangled eagles several times in wind farms like those at Altamont Pass, near Livermore. The place has a reputation for turbines killing birds. Alameda County estimates 35 golden eagles were killed there in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researching this problem is complicated partly by scavengers, such as ravens, snatching up carcasses before Smallwood can tally them. Coyotes, foxes and badgers converge on the wind farm and search the grounds in a pattern, he says, just like a scientist would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At nighttime, as soon as it gets dark, striped skunks run to the wind turbines. Literally run,” says Smallwood. “They also go to the turbines that kill the most animals, so they’re familiar with where they can find food. They usually go to the downwind side of the turbines, again where the bats and birds are most likely to fall after they get hit by a wind turbine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history of wind power is littered with attempts to make turbines safer for birds and bats. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtgBWNKwBkE\">It’s not easy\u003c/a>. Golden eagles fix their eyesight on prey on the ground and don’t necessarily see what they’re flying into. Smallwood once advocated shutting turbines off over winter, but says on an overcast day, birds can still fly right into blades that aren’t even turning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_247869\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-247869\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-800x844.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists are studying golden eagles in the Altamont Pass by placing radio transmitters on them.\" width=\"401\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-800x844.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-400x422.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-1440x1518.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-1180x1244.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2-960x1012.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Mighty2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists are studying golden eagles in the Altamont Pass by placing radio transmitters on them. \u003ccite>(Joseph DiDonato/Wildlife Consulting and Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the Altamont Pass Wind Farm, a process is underway right now called “repowering.” This means removing hundreds of older, less efficient turbines. A single massive, new turbine can take the place of 20 or 30 of the older models. This also affords an opportunity to get turbines out of particularly lethal spots altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, the tip of a huge blade can slice through the air at \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/5930272/the-worlds-biggest-wind-turbine-blades-are-so-long-their-tips-spin-at-180-mph\">speeds like a racecar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, before the repowering process started, Smallwood estimates 60 golden eagles were killed each year at Altamont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Permit to Kill\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not listed as endangered, golden eagles are protected under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. Killing them is illegal. But, with the exception of a couple wind companies recently fined in Wyoming, the federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0514/Why-wind-farms-kill-eagles-with-federal-impunity\">has rarely enforced such laws\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Flaherty, a spokesman for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, says the agency wants to work alongside wind companies — not punish them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While prosecutions are great and make for great headlines, they don’t always do the best thing for eagles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2009, wind companies have been able to apply for a “take permit,” essentially, permission to kill a small number of golden eagles. Such applications are thick, highly technical and take a long time to write. Only one permit has been issued since the program was introduced — for a wind farm in Solano County. Seven other wind farms have applications in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_247865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-247865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Ecologist Shawn Smallwood holds a golden eagle found injured in the Altamont Pass.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/Smallwood2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Shawn Smallwood holds a golden eagle found injured in the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Joseph DiDonato/Wildlife Consulting and Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By getting wind companies in the door to discuss permits, Flaherty says the agency can also have a frank discussion about settling up over eagles killed in years past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing about eagle permits is that they don’t allow for past take,” he says. “They don’t really forgive past take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an agreement with U.S. Fish and Wildlife, one company recently paid $10,000 and will spend hundreds of thousands more on research to help eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The permits last five years. Last month, a federal judge kicked a new 30-year version \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcet.org/news/redefine/rewire/commentary/court-sends-30-year-eagle-kill-permits-back-to-drawing-board.html\">back to Fish and Wildlife officials\u003c/a> for more work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hardly a Free Pass\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown’s administration has set an ambitious goal: By 2030, Brown wants half of California’s power to come from renewable sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Rader, executive director for the California Wind Energy Association, says the industry is aiming to more than double wind energy capacity by 2030; hundreds of new turbines have to go \u003cem>somewhere.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_248142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-248142\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-800x1052.jpg\" alt=\"Only one wind farm, in Solano County, has received a federal permit for the killing of golden eagles. Several others have applications in the pipeline.\" width=\"355\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-800x1052.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-400x526.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-1180x1552.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B-960x1262.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/wind3B.jpg 1219w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only one wind farm, located in Solano County, has received a federal permit for the killing of golden eagles. Several others have applications in the pipeline. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Far from getting an easy pass from regulators, Rader points to proposed restrictions from the Bureau of Land Management, as well as local governments in places like Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing land-use plans coming out from both the federal government and county governments that actually prohibit the development of wind energy across large areas of California,” Rader says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy supply is about trade-offs, says Ryan Wiser, a senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really no free lunch here,” he says, and refers to \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/eere/wind/wind-vision\">a report out this year\u003c/a> from the federal Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report examines a future in which wind energy scales up dramatically in coming decades. It concludes that replacing fossil fuels with wind will save hundreds of billions of dollars in “avoided global climate damages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Wiser points out, the report didn’t attempt to pin down the economic value of the loss of wildlife – such as eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science coordinating television producer Gabriela Quiros contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Watch Abalone Reproduce in Gorgeous Bursts of Eggs and Sperm",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the female abalone is ready to reproduce, she shoots long bursts of eggs from her respiratory hole. The male releases curlicues of sperm, which then swim around to find the eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is, the increasing acidity in the ocean may be slowing the sperm down, say researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean critters out here,” says Jim Barry, a Senior Scientist at the Institute, “are faced with a faster and larger change in ocean chemistry than they’ve seen for 30 to maybe 300 million years, through much of their evolutionary history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://gifs.com/embed/y4ALew\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" style=\"-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: scale(1);\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\nBarry and researcher Charles Boch are looking at whether \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/highCO2/\">ocean acidification\u003c/a> interferes with ability of abalone to reproduce. And they’re finding that acidic waters significantly reduce the rate of abalone fertilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abalone are an important source of food for sea otters, who in turn help keep kelp forests in balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that ocean acidification is huge,” Barry says. “This is one of the biggest things that happened to this Earth in the last many tens of millions of years. It’s a huge environmental change that’s happening right in front of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://gifs.com/embed/m2kNPq\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" style=\"-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: scale(1);\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\nLearn more about ocean acidification \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/31/ocean-acidification-threatening-many-species\">in this report\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/\">KQED Newsroom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the female abalone is ready to reproduce, she shoots long bursts of eggs from her respiratory hole. The male releases curlicues of sperm, which then swim around to find the eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is, the increasing acidity in the ocean may be slowing the sperm down, say researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean critters out here,” says Jim Barry, a Senior Scientist at the Institute, “are faced with a faster and larger change in ocean chemistry than they’ve seen for 30 to maybe 300 million years, through much of their evolutionary history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://gifs.com/embed/y4ALew\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" style=\"-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;-webkit-transform: scale(1);\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\nBarry and researcher Charles Boch are looking at whether \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/highCO2/\">ocean acidification\u003c/a> interferes with ability of abalone to reproduce. And they’re finding that acidic waters significantly reduce the rate of abalone fertilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abalone are an important source of food for sea otters, who in turn help keep kelp forests in balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
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