window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"quest_50302": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_50302",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "50302",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49766,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-640x372.jpg",
"width": 640,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 427
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1362287670,
"modified": 1362287670,
"caption": "Photo by Rachael Rufino",
"description": "A black-crowned night heron and snowy egret nest together.",
"title": "nest",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_50086": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_50086",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "50086",
"found": true
},
"parent": 50085,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1362029279,
"modified": 1362029279,
"caption": "Invasive red-crested cardinals, though beautiful, are serious problems for native Hawaiian birds. Image by Tony Fox",
"description": "red-crested cardinal in Hawaii",
"title": "SONY DSC",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49997": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49997",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49997",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49602,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/TwinCats-400x236.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 236
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/TwinCats.jpg",
"width": 630,
"height": 371
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/TwinCats-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/TwinCats-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/TwinCats-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/TwinCats-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/TwinCats-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1361828401,
"modified": 1361828401,
"caption": "Hard but not impossible to tell apart.",
"description": null,
"title": "TwinCats",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49972": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49972",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49972",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49966,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/640-360-no-poster-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/640-360-no-poster.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/640-360-no-poster-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/640-360-no-poster-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/640-360-no-poster-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/640-360-no-poster-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/640-360-no-poster-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1361576058,
"modified": 1361576058,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "The Science of Nudity",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49921": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49921",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49921",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49832,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia1-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia1.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia1-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1361491876,
"modified": 1361491876,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "06.30b_Hurdia",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49783": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49783",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49783",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49780,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-960x539.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 539
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos.jpg",
"width": 1214,
"height": 682
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-1180x663.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-800x449.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 449
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1361332127,
"modified": 1361332127,
"caption": "American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) can use tools, challenging us to rethink the boundaries of animal cognition. (Photo: Walter Siegmund)",
"description": "crow",
"title": "Corvus_brachyrhynchos",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49415": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49415",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49415",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49411,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1360203549,
"modified": 1360203549,
"caption": "Photograph courtesy of Wiros via a Creative Commons license.",
"description": "photograph of woman laying in bed.",
"title": "SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x360",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49591": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49591",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49591",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49590,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1360852399,
"modified": 1360852399,
"caption": "You may find a backyard-bird gem like this American goldfinch. Photo by Pamela Wertz.",
"description": "American goldfinch on a branch",
"title": "AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49319": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49319",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49319",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49318,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish-400x226.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 226
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish.jpg",
"width": 638,
"height": 361
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1360088655,
"modified": 1360088655,
"caption": "Not dangerous, just morally ambiguous.",
"description": null,
"title": "GloFish",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49513": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49513",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49513",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49466,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1360363215,
"modified": 1360363215,
"caption": "A male northern elephant seal calling at Ano Nuevo State Reserve. (Photo: A. Friendlaender NMFS Permit No. 14636)",
"description": null,
"title": "elephantseal",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49359": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49359",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49359",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49346,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups-e1360134917371-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups-e1360134917371.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups-e1360134917371-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups-e1360134917371-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups-e1360134917371-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups-e1360134917371-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups-e1360134917371-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1360119414,
"modified": 1360119414,
"caption": "Studies show that coyotes facing heavy hunting pressures respond by reproducing more--with alpha and older wolves gone, younger wolves reproduce, and have bigger litters. (Photo: John Harrison)",
"description": "coyote pups",
"title": "SevenCoyotePups",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_49208": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_49208",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49208",
"found": true
},
"parent": 49207,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-e1359648994506-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-e1359648994506.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-e1359648994506-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-e1359648994506-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-e1359648994506-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-e1359648994506-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-e1359648994506-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1359607760,
"modified": 1359607760,
"caption": "This groundhog, alert to danger, is related to ground squirrels and marmots.",
"description": null,
"title": "800px-Groundhog-Standing2",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"peterlollo": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "1410",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "1410",
"found": true
},
"name": "Peter Lollo",
"firstName": "Peter",
"lastName": "Lollo",
"slug": "peterlollo",
"email": "peteralollo@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Peter graduated with a BA in Political Economy and BS in Conservation & Resource Studies from UC Berkeley in 2010. He has since worked within a number of environmental organizations throughout the Bay Area as well as founded a Berkeley recycling program aimed at reducing municipal waste. Peter has also done environmental reporting for the East Bay Express as well as the non profit organization Food & Water Watch. Off the job, he plays ping pong at his home--a skill for which he is residentially-renowned.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9bc8122e4dc658b12a55f014b6a70803?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Peter Lollo | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9bc8122e4dc658b12a55f014b6a70803?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9bc8122e4dc658b12a55f014b6a70803?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/peterlollo"
},
"sgreene": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "1429",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "1429",
"found": true
},
"name": "Sean Greene",
"firstName": "Sean",
"lastName": "Greene",
"slug": "sgreene",
"email": "sgreene@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Sean Greene was an intern for KQED Science. He is a proud alumnus of UCLA (2011) and the Daily Bruin and is now a student at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. Before moving to the Bay Area, he freelanced for the Ventura County Star and The Orange County Register. Each story is an adventure, and the best ones are those that get him outside and exploring new places.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7c04e28dc66e3b92994575c901bf9f66?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_others_posts",
"edit_published_pages",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Sean Greene | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7c04e28dc66e3b92994575c901bf9f66?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7c04e28dc66e3b92994575c901bf9f66?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/sgreene"
},
"dr-barry-starr": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6177",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6177",
"found": true
},
"name": "Dr. Barry Starr",
"firstName": "Dr. Barry",
"lastName": "Starr",
"slug": "dr-barry-starr",
"email": "bstarr@thetech.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Dr. Barry Starr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/geneticsboy\">@geneticsboy\u003c/a>) is a Geneticist-in-Residence at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA and runs their Stanford at The Tech program. The program is part of an ongoing collaboration between the \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a>. Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "geneticsboy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Dr. Barry Starr | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dr-barry-starr"
},
"lizagross": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6322",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6322",
"found": true
},
"name": "Liza Gross",
"firstName": "Liza",
"lastName": "Gross",
"slug": "lizagross",
"email": "lizagross@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Liza Gross, an award-winning independent journalist and senior editor at the biomedical journal PLOS Biology, writes mostly about conservation and public and environmental health. She was a 2013 recipient of the NYU Reporting Award, a 2013 Dennis Hunt Health Journalism fellow and a 2015 USC Data Journalism fellow.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/lizagross/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Liza Gross | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lizagross"
},
"sharolembry": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6328",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6328",
"found": true
},
"name": "Sharol Nelson-Embry",
"firstName": "Sharol",
"lastName": "Nelson-Embry",
"slug": "sharolembry",
"email": "bobsharol@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Sharol Nelson-Embry is the Supervising Naturalist at the Crab Cove Visitor Center & Aquarium on San Francisco Bay in Alameda. Crab Cove is part of the East Bay Regional Park District, one of the largest and oldest regional park agencies in the nation. She graduated from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo with a degree in Natural Resources Management and an epiphany that connecting kids with nature was her destiny. She's been rooted in the Bay Area since 1991 after working at nature centers and outdoor science schools around our fair state. She loves the great variety of habitats stretching from the Bay shoreline to the redwoods, lakes, and hills. Sharol enjoys connecting people to nature with articles in local newspapers and online forums.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/sharolembry/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Sharol Nelson-Embry | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/sharolembry"
},
"jenniferhuber": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6360",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6360",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jennifer Huber",
"firstName": "Jennifer",
"lastName": "Huber",
"slug": "jenniferhuber",
"email": "jshuber@lbl.gov",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Jennifer Huber is a medical imaging scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with more than 20 years of experience in academic science writing. She received her Ph.D. in Physics from the University of California Santa Barbara. She is also a freelance science writer, editor and blogger, as well as a science-writing instructor for the University of California Berkeley Extension. Jennifer has lived in the San Francisco Bay Area most of her life and she frequently enjoys the eclectic cultural, culinary and outdoor activities available in the area.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/jenniferhuber/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ci>QUEST\u003c/i>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ca897c62a710c0bf8c5f429c89331765?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jennifer Huber | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ca897c62a710c0bf8c5f429c89331765?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ca897c62a710c0bf8c5f429c89331765?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jenniferhuber"
},
"rachaeltom": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6409",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6409",
"found": true
},
"name": "Rachael Tom",
"firstName": "Rachael",
"lastName": "Tom",
"slug": "rachaeltom",
"email": "rachael.cecelia@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Rachael is an Animal Keeper and blogger at CuriOdyssey with over 15 years of experience working with wildlife. She volunteers at The Marine Mammal Center, is President of the Bay Area chapter for the American Association of Zookeepers (AAZK), and is a member of AAZK's Communication Committee and Professional Development Committee. Rachael earned her B.A. in Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice from San Francisco State University.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/rachaeltom/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d9d50390923f9b8de1280b943e3aea9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Rachael Tom | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d9d50390923f9b8de1280b943e3aea9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7d9d50390923f9b8de1280b943e3aea9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/rachaeltom"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_biology": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"score": 12.7935505
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Biology",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 49
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=biology",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 49
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"quest_49766": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49766",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49766",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1362499233000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1362499233,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple",
"title": "Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50302\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/nest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50302\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg\" alt=\"A black-crowned night heron and snowy egret nest together.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As spring approaches, an egret and a heron have been hard at work preparing for their future brood...together. This will mark the sixth year that \"Jabby,\" a snowy egret (Egretta thula), and \"Lefty,\" a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) have nested as a pair at \u003ca href=\"http://www.curiodyssey.org\">CuriOdyssey\u003c/a> (formerly Coyote Point Museum) in San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, this is an \"animal odd couple,\" however, there is nothing odd about it. CuriOdyssey specializes in taking in non-releasable animals from wildlife rehabilitation centers. These animals are deemed non-releaseable due to the extent of their injuries or because they habituated to humans during their recovery, greatly compromising their chances for survival in the wild. Because of this, CuriOdyssey's Walk-Through Aviary contains random numbers of male and female birds of various species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite most of the birds being unmated, Jabby and Lefty have found a solution to this problem. Being the only individuals of their species and wanting to reproduce each spring, Jabby and Lefty have simply paired up!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50001\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/lefty-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50001\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1.jpg\" alt='\"Lefty,\" the black-crowned night heron at CuriOdyssey.' width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50001\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50311\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/jabby/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50311\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby.jpg\" alt='\"Jabby,\" the snowy egret at CuriOdyssey' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50311\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The drive for them to reproduce each year is so strong, that it doesn't matter what sex or species they are. Both birds' instincts take over each spring, and courting, nest-building and egg-laying begin. This behavior between different species is not unusual in other aviaries with similar circumstances. Previously at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, a female turquoise tanager (Tangara mexicana) and a female opal-rumped tanager (Tangara velia) nested together in the Rainforests of the World exhibit because they too, were the only individuals of their species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Jabby and Lefty do not belong to the same genus, their eggs are not fertile. Animals that do belong to the same genus share more genetic material between them, increasing the chances of producing offspring together. Hybrid animals are a result of two parents from the same genus but are different species. A familiar example would be a horse and donkey hybrid- a mule. Offspring from two species, however, are almost always sterile because functioning sex cells in hybrids are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CuriOdyssey has Aviary Aides almost everyday of the week who will happily point out the nest to visitors. Although Jabby and Lefty do not produce chicks, it is exciting to see their unique relationship each spring.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49766 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49766",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 393,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1364327012,
"excerpt": "As spring approaches, an egret and a heron have been hard at work preparing for their future brood...together. This will mark the sixth year that \"Jabby,\" a snowy egret (Egretta thula), and \"Lefty,\" a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) have nested as a pair at CuriOdyssey (formerly Coyote Point Museum) in San Mateo.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "As spring approaches, an egret and a heron have been hard at work preparing for their future brood...together. This will mark the sixth year that "Jabby," a snowy egret (Egretta thula), and "Lefty," a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) have nested as a pair at CuriOdyssey (formerly Coyote Point Museum) in San Mateo.",
"title": "Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple",
"datePublished": "2013-03-05T08:00:33-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-03-26T12:43:32-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49766/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50302\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/nest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50302\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg\" alt=\"A black-crowned night heron and snowy egret nest together.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As spring approaches, an egret and a heron have been hard at work preparing for their future brood...together. This will mark the sixth year that \"Jabby,\" a snowy egret (Egretta thula), and \"Lefty,\" a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) have nested as a pair at \u003ca href=\"http://www.curiodyssey.org\">CuriOdyssey\u003c/a> (formerly Coyote Point Museum) in San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, this is an \"animal odd couple,\" however, there is nothing odd about it. CuriOdyssey specializes in taking in non-releasable animals from wildlife rehabilitation centers. These animals are deemed non-releaseable due to the extent of their injuries or because they habituated to humans during their recovery, greatly compromising their chances for survival in the wild. Because of this, CuriOdyssey's Walk-Through Aviary contains random numbers of male and female birds of various species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite most of the birds being unmated, Jabby and Lefty have found a solution to this problem. Being the only individuals of their species and wanting to reproduce each spring, Jabby and Lefty have simply paired up!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50001\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/lefty-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50001\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1.jpg\" alt='\"Lefty,\" the black-crowned night heron at CuriOdyssey.' width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50001\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50311\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/jabby/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50311\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby.jpg\" alt='\"Jabby,\" the snowy egret at CuriOdyssey' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50311\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The drive for them to reproduce each year is so strong, that it doesn't matter what sex or species they are. Both birds' instincts take over each spring, and courting, nest-building and egg-laying begin. This behavior between different species is not unusual in other aviaries with similar circumstances. Previously at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, a female turquoise tanager (Tangara mexicana) and a female opal-rumped tanager (Tangara velia) nested together in the Rainforests of the World exhibit because they too, were the only individuals of their species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Jabby and Lefty do not belong to the same genus, their eggs are not fertile. Animals that do belong to the same genus share more genetic material between them, increasing the chances of producing offspring together. Hybrid animals are a result of two parents from the same genus but are different species. A familiar example would be a horse and donkey hybrid- a mule. Offspring from two species, however, are almost always sterile because functioning sex cells in hybrids are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CuriOdyssey has Aviary Aides almost everyday of the week who will happily point out the nest to visitors. Although Jabby and Lefty do not produce chicks, it is exciting to see their unique relationship each spring.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49766/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple",
"authors": [
"6409"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_339",
"quest_11734",
"quest_11735",
"quest_3307",
"quest_11736",
"quest_13202",
"quest_2401",
"quest_3385"
],
"featImg": "quest_50302",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_50085": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_50085",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "50085",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1362153634000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1362153634,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Invasive Species: They're Here and More on the Way",
"title": "Invasive Species: They're Here and More on the Way",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290.jpg\" alt=\"Invasive red-crested cardinals, though beautiful, are serious problems for native Hawaiian birds. Image by Tony Fox\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Invasive red-crested cardinals, though beautiful, are serious problems for native Hawaiian birds. Image by \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Tony Fox\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"The state of our birds is a measurable indicator of how well we are doing as stewards of our environment, and the signal is clear. Greater bird conservation efforts are needed to realize the vision of a nation sustained economically, biologically and spiritually by abundant natural resources and spectacular wildlife in perpetuity.\" \u003ca title=\"State of the Birds 2011\" href=\"http://www.stateofthebirds.org/newsroom/KeyMessages2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">State of the Birds, 2011, USA \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve just returned from a trip to Maui where I enjoyed the tropical climate, warm ocean and amazing wildlife from \u003ca title=\"humpback whales\" href=\"http://wildhawaii.org/marinelife/whales.html\" target=\"_blank\">humpback whales\u003c/a> to \u003ca title=\"sea turtles of Hawaii\" href=\"http://wildhawaii.org/marinelife/turtles.html\" target=\"_blank\">sea turtles\u003c/a> to \u003ca title=\"Migration study of Pacific golden plovers\" href=\"http://www.humanecapture.com/wp-content/uploads/Golden-Plovers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific golden plovers\u003c/a>. The whales and plovers perform similar migratory paths, moving from their wintering grounds in the areas around Hawaii northward each summer to Alaska and the Arctic Circle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I found troubling, though, were the throngs of birds that swarmed the urban areas. They were exotic and beautiful, but almost to a species, they were all non-native and considered invasive. The native bird species of each Hawaiian island hover on the brink of extinction. They’re having a hard time adapting to the many environmental pressures introduced plant species, which are changing their native habitat. There’s also competition from the introduced animal species as well as predation from them, both on the adult birds as well as their young. Ants and rats are particular problems for nesting young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50087\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/01/invasive-species-theyre-here-and-more-on-the-way/palila/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50087\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50087\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Palila.jpg\" alt=\"Native Hawaiian birds, like the palila, are endangered from the many pressures non-native species put on their populations. Image by\" width=\"250\" height=\"215\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Native Hawaiian birds, like the palila, are endangered from the many pressures non-native species put on their populations. Image courtesy of the \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palila.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">USGS\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hawaiian Islands stand as examples and cautionary tales for our care of the mainland native bird species and their habitats. In our global economy, we are doing a good job of not only transporting goods around the world, but unintentionally transporting problematic species, too. There have been intentional introductions as well. \u003ca title=\"Scientific American, Starling and house sparrow introductions\" href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=call-of-the-reviled\" target=\"_blank\">Starlings and house sparrows arrived here\u003c/a> with someone’s capricious intention of bringing the birds of Shakespeare to New York’s Central Park. By the 1950's, they’d spread from coast to coast with repercussions for native birds throughout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though invasive species may seem like too great a problem for individuals to tackle, there are steps we can take to make a difference. You can join a crew of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/getinvolved/volunteer\" target=\"_blank\">volunteers\u003c/a> to pull invasive plants in the regional parks. You can also log your sightings of invasive species on the \u003ca title=\"NIIS website\" href=\"http://www.niiss.org/cwis438/websites/niiss/home.php?WebSiteID=1\" target=\"_blank\">National Institute of Invasive Species Science\u003c/a> website by following instructions on their \u003ca title=\"Citizen Science brochure, NIISS\" href=\"http://www.niiss.org/WebContent/cwis438/download_files/Users%20Guide%20Cit%20Sci%20Brochure%20v1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Citizen Science initiative\u003c/a>. I noticed that there weren’t any sightings listed for the San Francisco Bay Area. List in the comments below if you have suggestions for how folks can get involved or if you’ve noticed other invasive plants or animals that are problems in our area. Here’s a list of websites with information regarding \u003ca title=\"Invasive Species information\" href=\"http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/unitedstates/ca.shtml#.US7kXxnyvPE\" target=\"_blank\">invasive species in our area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50088\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/01/invasive-species-theyre-here-and-more-on-the-way/toulouse_-_sturnus_vulgaris_-_2012-02-26_-_3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50088\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-50088\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Toulouse_-_Sturnus_vulgaris_-_2012-02-26_-_3-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"European starlings are found throughout North America and can be traced back to a successful introduction to Central Park in the late 1800s. Photo by Pierre Sims\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">European starlings are found throughout North America and can be traced back to a successful introduction to Central Park in the late 1800s. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Wikimedia, Pierre Selim's Eurpoean starling\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toulouse_-_Sturnus_vulgaris_-_2012-02-26_-_3.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Pierre Selim\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "50085 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50085",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/01/invasive-species-theyre-here-and-more-on-the-way/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 530,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 7
},
"modified": 1366753229,
"excerpt": "Invasive species are here and more are on the way! Find out about the problems and some possible solutions.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Invasive species are here and more are on the way! Find out about the problems and some possible solutions.",
"title": "Invasive Species: They're Here and More on the Way | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Invasive Species: They're Here and More on the Way",
"datePublished": "2013-03-01T08:00:34-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-04-23T14:40:29-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "invasive-species-theyre-here-and-more-on-the-way",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/50085/invasive-species-theyre-here-and-more-on-the-way",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290.jpg\" alt=\"Invasive red-crested cardinals, though beautiful, are serious problems for native Hawaiian birds. Image by Tony Fox\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu-e1362080975290-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Invasive red-crested cardinals, though beautiful, are serious problems for native Hawaiian birds. Image by \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red-crested_cardinal_-_Oahu.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Tony Fox\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"The state of our birds is a measurable indicator of how well we are doing as stewards of our environment, and the signal is clear. Greater bird conservation efforts are needed to realize the vision of a nation sustained economically, biologically and spiritually by abundant natural resources and spectacular wildlife in perpetuity.\" \u003ca title=\"State of the Birds 2011\" href=\"http://www.stateofthebirds.org/newsroom/KeyMessages2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">State of the Birds, 2011, USA \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve just returned from a trip to Maui where I enjoyed the tropical climate, warm ocean and amazing wildlife from \u003ca title=\"humpback whales\" href=\"http://wildhawaii.org/marinelife/whales.html\" target=\"_blank\">humpback whales\u003c/a> to \u003ca title=\"sea turtles of Hawaii\" href=\"http://wildhawaii.org/marinelife/turtles.html\" target=\"_blank\">sea turtles\u003c/a> to \u003ca title=\"Migration study of Pacific golden plovers\" href=\"http://www.humanecapture.com/wp-content/uploads/Golden-Plovers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific golden plovers\u003c/a>. The whales and plovers perform similar migratory paths, moving from their wintering grounds in the areas around Hawaii northward each summer to Alaska and the Arctic Circle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I found troubling, though, were the throngs of birds that swarmed the urban areas. They were exotic and beautiful, but almost to a species, they were all non-native and considered invasive. The native bird species of each Hawaiian island hover on the brink of extinction. They’re having a hard time adapting to the many environmental pressures introduced plant species, which are changing their native habitat. There’s also competition from the introduced animal species as well as predation from them, both on the adult birds as well as their young. Ants and rats are particular problems for nesting young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50087\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/01/invasive-species-theyre-here-and-more-on-the-way/palila/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50087\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50087\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Palila.jpg\" alt=\"Native Hawaiian birds, like the palila, are endangered from the many pressures non-native species put on their populations. Image by\" width=\"250\" height=\"215\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Native Hawaiian birds, like the palila, are endangered from the many pressures non-native species put on their populations. Image courtesy of the \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palila.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">USGS\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hawaiian Islands stand as examples and cautionary tales for our care of the mainland native bird species and their habitats. In our global economy, we are doing a good job of not only transporting goods around the world, but unintentionally transporting problematic species, too. There have been intentional introductions as well. \u003ca title=\"Scientific American, Starling and house sparrow introductions\" href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=call-of-the-reviled\" target=\"_blank\">Starlings and house sparrows arrived here\u003c/a> with someone’s capricious intention of bringing the birds of Shakespeare to New York’s Central Park. By the 1950's, they’d spread from coast to coast with repercussions for native birds throughout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though invasive species may seem like too great a problem for individuals to tackle, there are steps we can take to make a difference. You can join a crew of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/getinvolved/volunteer\" target=\"_blank\">volunteers\u003c/a> to pull invasive plants in the regional parks. You can also log your sightings of invasive species on the \u003ca title=\"NIIS website\" href=\"http://www.niiss.org/cwis438/websites/niiss/home.php?WebSiteID=1\" target=\"_blank\">National Institute of Invasive Species Science\u003c/a> website by following instructions on their \u003ca title=\"Citizen Science brochure, NIISS\" href=\"http://www.niiss.org/WebContent/cwis438/download_files/Users%20Guide%20Cit%20Sci%20Brochure%20v1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Citizen Science initiative\u003c/a>. I noticed that there weren’t any sightings listed for the San Francisco Bay Area. List in the comments below if you have suggestions for how folks can get involved or if you’ve noticed other invasive plants or animals that are problems in our area. Here’s a list of websites with information regarding \u003ca title=\"Invasive Species information\" href=\"http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/unitedstates/ca.shtml#.US7kXxnyvPE\" target=\"_blank\">invasive species in our area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50088\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/01/invasive-species-theyre-here-and-more-on-the-way/toulouse_-_sturnus_vulgaris_-_2012-02-26_-_3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50088\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-50088\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Toulouse_-_Sturnus_vulgaris_-_2012-02-26_-_3-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"European starlings are found throughout North America and can be traced back to a successful introduction to Central Park in the late 1800s. Photo by Pierre Sims\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">European starlings are found throughout North America and can be traced back to a successful introduction to Central Park in the late 1800s. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Wikimedia, Pierre Selim's Eurpoean starling\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toulouse_-_Sturnus_vulgaris_-_2012-02-26_-_3.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Pierre Selim\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/50085/invasive-species-theyre-here-and-more-on-the-way",
"authors": [
"6328"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_326",
"quest_11794",
"quest_609",
"quest_1489",
"quest_11795",
"quest_13202"
],
"featImg": "quest_50086",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49602": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49602",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49602",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1361808015000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1361808015,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal ",
"title": "Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal ",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg\" alt='\"Identical twins like these can finally be told apart at the genetic level for only a few thousand dollars. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redhead_twins.jpg' width=\"630\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49603\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Identical twins like these can finally be told apart at the genetic level for only a few thousand dollars. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redhead_twins.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The police in Marseille France are \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21401200\">struggling to solve a sexual assault case\u003c/a>. They have solid video evidence and have even matched DNA from the crime scene with two suspects but they still can’t figure it out. See, the problem is that the suspects are identical twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identical twins look pretty similar so unless the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15107687/ns/dateline_nbc-crime_reports/#.URvjYR37Ls4\">police get lucky\u003c/a> like they did in Boston, video evidence can’t usually be used to tell them apart. And identical twins share the same DNA so conventional DNA tests can’t be used either. The police are in a real pickle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except that they don’t have to be. As the police are aware, there are less conventional tests that can find the few differences between the DNA of identical twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of our DNA is exactly the same as when we were a fertilized egg, floating towards our mother’s womb. Our life experiences change our DNA in many different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there are chemical marks on our DNA that help to control which genes should be turned on where and to what level. These epigenetic marks are added and removed over our life time in response to our specific set of experiences. This is true for all of us including identical twins. In fact, scientists have actually looked at \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=identical-twins-exhibit-d\">these epigenetic markers in identical twins\u003c/a> and have found them to be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way our DNA can change is through mutation. DNA is not as stable as you might think and each of our DNAs is building up small changes over our lifetime. Sometimes these mutations can lead to trouble (for example, \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/cancer-origins\">almost all cases of cancer\u003c/a> come from DNA mutations) but most are harmless. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These mutations are random events that can happen in a couple of different ways. Sometimes something in the environment like cigarette smoke or the ultraviolet light from the sun damages the DNA. Other times our cells make a mistake when they copy their DNA and that mistake is passed on to the next generation of cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the mutations are going to be specific to a person. The odds are definitely against two different cells making a mistake in the same place in each of their DNAs. Same thing with ultraviolet light targeting the exact same two T’s in two different people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49607\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/25/genetic-sleuthing/mutateddna/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49607\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/MutatedDNA.gif\" alt=\"A couple of the ways DNA can be changed.\" width=\"225\" height=\"151\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49607\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A couple of the ways DNA can be changed.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So there are unique DNA differences between identical twins that scientists can use to tell them apart. Why aren’t the police using these differences to catch their criminal? Because the cost is too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police are saying that it would cost one million euros to do the required testing. No matter how hard I try, I can’t seem to wrap my head around that price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked around and right now it costs between $5000 and $10,000 U.S. dollars to sequence an entire genome here in California. I know things are more expensive in Europe but unless the euro has crashed big time in the last few weeks, I can’t get to a million euros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They would need to sequence the DNA of both twins and the DNA from each of the six crime scenes. Let’s call that $100,000 U.S. Do they really need an extra $900,000 to analyze the data?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now to be fair, getting this information isn’t that easy. The mutations I was talking about happen in different places in different cells. A person may get a DNA change in his skin cell different from one in his blood or cheek cell. So the police need to be very careful about which tissues they choose to test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, since these are sexual assaults there may have been semen from the rapist at some of the crime scenes. Sperm cells have a pretty high rate of mutation because men are constantly making new sperm. In fact, these mutations are why the children of older men are at \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/older-dads%E2%80%99-kids-higher-risk-genetic-disease\">a higher risk for certain diseases\u003c/a>. So sperm would be an ideal source for looking at the whole genome. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sperm wouldn’t be as ideal for looking at epigenetic changes. Before DNA is packaged into sperm, most of the epigenetic markers are wiped clean. Not all of them (which is one way environmental effects can be \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/original_news/news134\">passed from one generation to the next\u003c/a>), but enough so that this may not be the best approach with sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The epigenetic approach would be better for other tissues. It is more expensive but scientists need to look at less DNA so the price pretty much evens out in the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line is that there are tests available to distinguish between the twins and that the tests probably wouldn’t cost one million euros. Still, even if the tests are “only” 100,000 euros, that is still a lot of money. It is up to society and the government whether or not catching one (or two) criminals is worth this cost.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49602 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49602",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/25/genetic-sleuthing/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 881,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1362707229,
"excerpt": "There are unique DNA differences between identical twins that scientists can use to tell them apart. Why isn't law enforcement using these differences to catch their criminal? Because the cost is too high.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "There are unique DNA differences between identical twins that scientists can use to tell them apart. Why isn't law enforcement using these differences to catch their criminal? Because the cost is too high.",
"title": "Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal ",
"datePublished": "2013-02-25T08:00:15-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-03-07T17:47:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "genetic-sleuthing",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49602/genetic-sleuthing",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg\" alt='\"Identical twins like these can finally be told apart at the genetic level for only a few thousand dollars. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redhead_twins.jpg' width=\"630\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49603\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Identical twins like these can finally be told apart at the genetic level for only a few thousand dollars. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redhead_twins.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The police in Marseille France are \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21401200\">struggling to solve a sexual assault case\u003c/a>. They have solid video evidence and have even matched DNA from the crime scene with two suspects but they still can’t figure it out. See, the problem is that the suspects are identical twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identical twins look pretty similar so unless the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15107687/ns/dateline_nbc-crime_reports/#.URvjYR37Ls4\">police get lucky\u003c/a> like they did in Boston, video evidence can’t usually be used to tell them apart. And identical twins share the same DNA so conventional DNA tests can’t be used either. The police are in a real pickle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except that they don’t have to be. As the police are aware, there are less conventional tests that can find the few differences between the DNA of identical twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of our DNA is exactly the same as when we were a fertilized egg, floating towards our mother’s womb. Our life experiences change our DNA in many different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there are chemical marks on our DNA that help to control which genes should be turned on where and to what level. These epigenetic marks are added and removed over our life time in response to our specific set of experiences. This is true for all of us including identical twins. In fact, scientists have actually looked at \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=identical-twins-exhibit-d\">these epigenetic markers in identical twins\u003c/a> and have found them to be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way our DNA can change is through mutation. DNA is not as stable as you might think and each of our DNAs is building up small changes over our lifetime. Sometimes these mutations can lead to trouble (for example, \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/cancer-origins\">almost all cases of cancer\u003c/a> come from DNA mutations) but most are harmless. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These mutations are random events that can happen in a couple of different ways. Sometimes something in the environment like cigarette smoke or the ultraviolet light from the sun damages the DNA. Other times our cells make a mistake when they copy their DNA and that mistake is passed on to the next generation of cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the mutations are going to be specific to a person. The odds are definitely against two different cells making a mistake in the same place in each of their DNAs. Same thing with ultraviolet light targeting the exact same two T’s in two different people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49607\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/25/genetic-sleuthing/mutateddna/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49607\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/MutatedDNA.gif\" alt=\"A couple of the ways DNA can be changed.\" width=\"225\" height=\"151\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49607\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A couple of the ways DNA can be changed.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So there are unique DNA differences between identical twins that scientists can use to tell them apart. Why aren’t the police using these differences to catch their criminal? Because the cost is too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police are saying that it would cost one million euros to do the required testing. No matter how hard I try, I can’t seem to wrap my head around that price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked around and right now it costs between $5000 and $10,000 U.S. dollars to sequence an entire genome here in California. I know things are more expensive in Europe but unless the euro has crashed big time in the last few weeks, I can’t get to a million euros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They would need to sequence the DNA of both twins and the DNA from each of the six crime scenes. Let’s call that $100,000 U.S. Do they really need an extra $900,000 to analyze the data?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now to be fair, getting this information isn’t that easy. The mutations I was talking about happen in different places in different cells. A person may get a DNA change in his skin cell different from one in his blood or cheek cell. So the police need to be very careful about which tissues they choose to test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, since these are sexual assaults there may have been semen from the rapist at some of the crime scenes. Sperm cells have a pretty high rate of mutation because men are constantly making new sperm. In fact, these mutations are why the children of older men are at \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/older-dads%E2%80%99-kids-higher-risk-genetic-disease\">a higher risk for certain diseases\u003c/a>. So sperm would be an ideal source for looking at the whole genome. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sperm wouldn’t be as ideal for looking at epigenetic changes. Before DNA is packaged into sperm, most of the epigenetic markers are wiped clean. Not all of them (which is one way environmental effects can be \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/original_news/news134\">passed from one generation to the next\u003c/a>), but enough so that this may not be the best approach with sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The epigenetic approach would be better for other tissues. It is more expensive but scientists need to look at less DNA so the price pretty much evens out in the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line is that there are tests available to distinguish between the twins and that the tests probably wouldn’t cost one million euros. Still, even if the tests are “only” 100,000 euros, that is still a lot of money. It is up to society and the government whether or not catching one (or two) criminals is worth this cost.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49602/genetic-sleuthing",
"authors": [
"6177"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_738",
"quest_1129",
"quest_9734",
"quest_13202",
"quest_3319"
],
"featImg": "quest_49997",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49966": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49966",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49966",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1361576271000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1361576271,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "The Science of Nudity: The Skinny on Showing Skin",
"title": "The Science of Nudity: The Skinny on Showing Skin",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News flash - as of February 1st, 2013\u003c/strong>, public nudity is illegal in San Francisco. But well before the law went into effect, it generated a tremendous amount of debate. Lines were drawn between freedom of expression and freedom from someone else’s expression, with abundant moral, cultural, and legal arguments on both sides. That is all well and good, but in our data and research-driven culture, how might a scientific perspective bear on the debate over baring oneself? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One important thing science tells us is that \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024408\" title=\"The Naked Truth: The Face and Body Sensitive N170 Response Is Enhanced for Nude Bodies\" target=\"_blank\">humans are hyper-tuned to the sight of bare skin\u003c/a>. We recognize nude images quicker than almost anything--faster than cars, clothed people, or faces--and we do it within 0.2 seconds. From 0.3 seconds onwards, studies show a range of emotional reactions, some of them perhaps counter-intuitive: \u003ca href=\"http://comm.ucsb.edu/sites/www.comm.ucsb.edu/files/sitefiles/people/faculty/linzd/Linz_nudityLHB.pdf\" title=\"Testing Legal Assumptions Regarding the Effects of Dancer Nudity And Proximity to Patron on Erotic Expression\" target=\"_blank\">men actually become less aggressive\u003c/a> subsequent to seeing images of nude women. And then there are obvious results: nudity causes arousal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even predictable reactions such as sexual interest \u003ca href=\"http://www.academia.edu/969752/Gender_and_sexual_orientation_differences_in_sexual_response_to_sexual_activities_versus_gender_of_actors_in_sexual_films\" title=\"Gender and sexual orientation differences in sexual response to sexual activities versus gender of actors in sexual films\" target=\"_blank\">vary according to sex and sexual orientation\u003c/a>. For example: female arousal depends much more on the depiction of some sexual activity rather than simple portrayals of nudity. And homosexual women are generally more aroused by images of nude women than men, whereas heterosexual women respond equally to both sexes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such findings may pique our interest, but more relevant to the San Francisco nudity debate is the potential effect of nudity exposure upon children. “There is the problem of the inadvertent viewer,” explains Paul Abramson, a psychology professor at UCLA and expert witness in over three decades of sex-related litigation, “And you have to consider them [kids] as inadvertent viewers in public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the late 1980s, however, little research had been done on the effects of nudity exposure upon children. Without empirical evidence, professionals were left to offer opinions based on common societal beliefs regarding nudity. “At that time,” says Abramson, “there were exaggerated horrors about the consequences of exposure to parental nudity; parents sleeping in the same bed with kids or sharing hot tubs.” Many psychologists assumed such exposure would be detrimental to children, and could even \u003ca href=\"http://www.taasa.org/library/pdfs/TAASALibrary52.pdf\" title=\"Early childhood exposure to parental nudity and scenes of parental sexuality ('primal scenes'): an 18-year longitudinal study of outcome\" target=\"_blank\">constitute subtle forms of sexual abuse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Yet more recent evidence has challenged this assumption. An 18 year study followed children from birth until adolescence and tracked rates of exposure to parental nudity. Abramson, who co-authored an analysis of the data, concluded there was \u003ca href=\"http://www.taasa.org/library/pdfs/TAASALibrary52.pdf\" title=\"Early childhood exposure to parental nudity and scenes of parental sexuality ('primal scenes'): an 18-year longitudinal study of outcome\" target=\"_blank\">no evidence of harm associated with the exposure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Abramson’s and other studies have generally found nudity to be associated with beneficial outcomes, including increased self-esteem, sexual knowledge, and comfort with physical contact and affection. Exposure to nudity in the home was also associated with lower rates of theft and drug use in adolescence as well as improved relations with adults outside of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet despite these findings, Abramson thinks public nudity should still be regulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would use zoning to make it [nudity] legal in certain more secluded areas. But you would have to signal it very clearly, just like they do with strip clubs, so you don’t get the ‘inadvertent viewer’ problem. And I would also leave the option open for nudity as a conduit for certain critical free speech issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why the need for restrictions? Within one’s home, the people and settings are familiar. In public, Abramson says, “it becomes difficult to separate the nudists from the exhibitionists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, no one expects the results of scientific studies to translate directly into law; our moral, legal, and cultural beliefs will always play an important role in shaping public policy. But what science can do is help guide our beliefs away from “exaggerated horrors” and towards evidence-based decision making. While science will rarely resolve our arguments, it can serve to inform them; and for that reason it deserves to be included in the debate.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49966 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49966",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/22/the-science-of-nudity-the-skinny-on-showing-skin/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 662,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1442784141,
"excerpt": "News flash - as of February 1st, 2013 - public nudity is illegal in San Francisco. But well before the law went into effect, it generated a tremendous amount of debate.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "News flash - as of February 1st, 2013 - public nudity is illegal in San Francisco. But well before the law went into effect, it generated a tremendous amount of debate.",
"title": "The Science of Nudity: The Skinny on Showing Skin | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Science of Nudity: The Skinny on Showing Skin",
"datePublished": "2013-02-22T15:37:51-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-09-20T14:22:21-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-science-of-nudity-the-skinny-on-showing-skin",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49966/the-science-of-nudity-the-skinny-on-showing-skin",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News flash - as of February 1st, 2013\u003c/strong>, public nudity is illegal in San Francisco. But well before the law went into effect, it generated a tremendous amount of debate. Lines were drawn between freedom of expression and freedom from someone else’s expression, with abundant moral, cultural, and legal arguments on both sides. That is all well and good, but in our data and research-driven culture, how might a scientific perspective bear on the debate over baring oneself? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One important thing science tells us is that \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024408\" title=\"The Naked Truth: The Face and Body Sensitive N170 Response Is Enhanced for Nude Bodies\" target=\"_blank\">humans are hyper-tuned to the sight of bare skin\u003c/a>. We recognize nude images quicker than almost anything--faster than cars, clothed people, or faces--and we do it within 0.2 seconds. From 0.3 seconds onwards, studies show a range of emotional reactions, some of them perhaps counter-intuitive: \u003ca href=\"http://comm.ucsb.edu/sites/www.comm.ucsb.edu/files/sitefiles/people/faculty/linzd/Linz_nudityLHB.pdf\" title=\"Testing Legal Assumptions Regarding the Effects of Dancer Nudity And Proximity to Patron on Erotic Expression\" target=\"_blank\">men actually become less aggressive\u003c/a> subsequent to seeing images of nude women. And then there are obvious results: nudity causes arousal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even predictable reactions such as sexual interest \u003ca href=\"http://www.academia.edu/969752/Gender_and_sexual_orientation_differences_in_sexual_response_to_sexual_activities_versus_gender_of_actors_in_sexual_films\" title=\"Gender and sexual orientation differences in sexual response to sexual activities versus gender of actors in sexual films\" target=\"_blank\">vary according to sex and sexual orientation\u003c/a>. For example: female arousal depends much more on the depiction of some sexual activity rather than simple portrayals of nudity. And homosexual women are generally more aroused by images of nude women than men, whereas heterosexual women respond equally to both sexes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such findings may pique our interest, but more relevant to the San Francisco nudity debate is the potential effect of nudity exposure upon children. “There is the problem of the inadvertent viewer,” explains Paul Abramson, a psychology professor at UCLA and expert witness in over three decades of sex-related litigation, “And you have to consider them [kids] as inadvertent viewers in public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the late 1980s, however, little research had been done on the effects of nudity exposure upon children. Without empirical evidence, professionals were left to offer opinions based on common societal beliefs regarding nudity. “At that time,” says Abramson, “there were exaggerated horrors about the consequences of exposure to parental nudity; parents sleeping in the same bed with kids or sharing hot tubs.” Many psychologists assumed such exposure would be detrimental to children, and could even \u003ca href=\"http://www.taasa.org/library/pdfs/TAASALibrary52.pdf\" title=\"Early childhood exposure to parental nudity and scenes of parental sexuality ('primal scenes'): an 18-year longitudinal study of outcome\" target=\"_blank\">constitute subtle forms of sexual abuse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Yet more recent evidence has challenged this assumption. An 18 year study followed children from birth until adolescence and tracked rates of exposure to parental nudity. Abramson, who co-authored an analysis of the data, concluded there was \u003ca href=\"http://www.taasa.org/library/pdfs/TAASALibrary52.pdf\" title=\"Early childhood exposure to parental nudity and scenes of parental sexuality ('primal scenes'): an 18-year longitudinal study of outcome\" target=\"_blank\">no evidence of harm associated with the exposure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Abramson’s and other studies have generally found nudity to be associated with beneficial outcomes, including increased self-esteem, sexual knowledge, and comfort with physical contact and affection. Exposure to nudity in the home was also associated with lower rates of theft and drug use in adolescence as well as improved relations with adults outside of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet despite these findings, Abramson thinks public nudity should still be regulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would use zoning to make it [nudity] legal in certain more secluded areas. But you would have to signal it very clearly, just like they do with strip clubs, so you don’t get the ‘inadvertent viewer’ problem. And I would also leave the option open for nudity as a conduit for certain critical free speech issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why the need for restrictions? Within one’s home, the people and settings are familiar. In public, Abramson says, “it becomes difficult to separate the nudists from the exhibitionists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, no one expects the results of scientific studies to translate directly into law; our moral, legal, and cultural beliefs will always play an important role in shaping public policy. But what science can do is help guide our beliefs away from “exaggerated horrors” and towards evidence-based decision making. While science will rarely resolve our arguments, it can serve to inform them; and for that reason it deserves to be included in the debate.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49966/the-science-of-nudity-the-skinny-on-showing-skin",
"authors": [
"1410"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11365",
"quest_11194",
"quest_11748",
"quest_11749",
"quest_2486",
"quest_2530"
],
"featImg": "quest_49972",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49832": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49832",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49832",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1361491950000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1361491950,
"format": "aside",
"title": "The Animal Kingdom's Otherworldly Ancestors",
"headTitle": "The Animal Kingdom’s Otherworldly Ancestors | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49850\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/21/the-animal-kingdoms-otherworldly-ancestors/06-30b_hurdia/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49850\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49850\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia.jpg\" alt=\"Hurdia\" width=\"639\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia-400x269.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia-1180x795.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia-960x646.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hurdia. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.echomedicalmedia.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COPYRIGHT QUADE PAUL\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We’re all descended from sea sponges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, the squishy invertebrates constituted most of the animal life on Earth, but about half a billion years ago, something remarkable happened: an evolutionary explosion known as the Cambrian Period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising oxygen levels in the ocean’s shallows and a morphing genome took animal evolution on a bizarre course, all in a period of 20 to 30 million years. The period marks the establishment of animals on Earth, said Jim Valentine, UC Berkeley professor emeritus of paleontology and paleobiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fauna has a very weird look to it,” Valentine said. “It looks like these things are from another planet. Some seem eerily familiar because they do belong to major categories of animals that are still with us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the critters’ appearances are indeed strange, some border on terrifying, but others bear a strong resemblance to modern jellyfish or sea anemones. The wide swath of life that arose in the Cambrian Period is the subject of a new book by Valentine and Doug Erwin of the Smithsonian Institute, titled “The Cambrian Explosion: The Construction of Animal Biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What could be more interesting than the taking over of the biosphere by animals half a billion years ago for a scientist? That’s just the greatest problem you can think of if you’re a biological scientist,” Valentine said with a laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book pulls in research from a number of disciplines to explain what made the rise of animals possible. What allowed for this expansion of biodiversity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a $54,000 question,” Valentine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the key elements to the Cambrian Explosion was a flexible genome that allowed animals to take on larger and more complex forms, Valentine said. Most scientists believe oxygenation of shallow waters allowed the tiny slug- and worm-like creatures to grow. These millimeter-sized bugs lived along mats of microorganisms, but as they grew, they began tearing up the mats, burrowing in them and scratching the surface. At some point, some started eating each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cambrian fossils are found in about 30 areas worldwide, Valentine said, but sites in South China’s Yunan Province and the White Sea in Northern Russia offer the best specimen because of their ideal conditions that preserve not only shells and skeletons, but much of the soft parts such as eyes and limbs. This made the level of detail in \u003ca href=\"http://www.echomedicalmedia.com\">Quade Paul\u003c/a>‘s illustrations possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The detail is fantastic, so there’s little doubt about the morphological inferences you can make from the fossils,” Valentine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern world, the world of animals, was in a sense born in the Cambrian Period, Valentine said. While life wouldn’t move on shore for many millions of years, the same principles that permitted the Cambrian Explosion would eventually allow for the evolution of terrestrial life: insects, dinosaurs, apes and us.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 506,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1684973694,
"excerpt": "At one time, squishy invertebrates constituted most of the animal life on Earth, but about half a billion years ago, something remarkable happened: an evolutionary explosion known as the Cambrian Period.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "At one time, squishy invertebrates constituted most of the animal life on Earth, but about half a billion years ago, something remarkable happened: an evolutionary explosion known as the Cambrian Period.",
"title": "The Animal Kingdom's Otherworldly Ancestors | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Animal Kingdom's Otherworldly Ancestors",
"datePublished": "2013-02-21T16:12:30-08:00",
"dateModified": "2023-05-24T17:14:54-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-animal-kingdoms-otherworldly-ancestors",
"status": "publish",
"templateType": "standard",
"excludeFromSiteSearch": "Include",
"featuredImageType": "standard",
"articleAge": "0",
"path": "/quest/49832/the-animal-kingdoms-otherworldly-ancestors",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49850\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/21/the-animal-kingdoms-otherworldly-ancestors/06-30b_hurdia/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49850\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49850\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia.jpg\" alt=\"Hurdia\" width=\"639\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia-400x269.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia-1180x795.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/06.30b_Hurdia-960x646.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hurdia. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.echomedicalmedia.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COPYRIGHT QUADE PAUL\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We’re all descended from sea sponges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, the squishy invertebrates constituted most of the animal life on Earth, but about half a billion years ago, something remarkable happened: an evolutionary explosion known as the Cambrian Period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising oxygen levels in the ocean’s shallows and a morphing genome took animal evolution on a bizarre course, all in a period of 20 to 30 million years. The period marks the establishment of animals on Earth, said Jim Valentine, UC Berkeley professor emeritus of paleontology and paleobiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fauna has a very weird look to it,” Valentine said. “It looks like these things are from another planet. Some seem eerily familiar because they do belong to major categories of animals that are still with us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the critters’ appearances are indeed strange, some border on terrifying, but others bear a strong resemblance to modern jellyfish or sea anemones. The wide swath of life that arose in the Cambrian Period is the subject of a new book by Valentine and Doug Erwin of the Smithsonian Institute, titled “The Cambrian Explosion: The Construction of Animal Biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What could be more interesting than the taking over of the biosphere by animals half a billion years ago for a scientist? That’s just the greatest problem you can think of if you’re a biological scientist,” Valentine said with a laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book pulls in research from a number of disciplines to explain what made the rise of animals possible. What allowed for this expansion of biodiversity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a $54,000 question,” Valentine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the key elements to the Cambrian Explosion was a flexible genome that allowed animals to take on larger and more complex forms, Valentine said. Most scientists believe oxygenation of shallow waters allowed the tiny slug- and worm-like creatures to grow. These millimeter-sized bugs lived along mats of microorganisms, but as they grew, they began tearing up the mats, burrowing in them and scratching the surface. At some point, some started eating each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cambrian fossils are found in about 30 areas worldwide, Valentine said, but sites in South China’s Yunan Province and the White Sea in Northern Russia offer the best specimen because of their ideal conditions that preserve not only shells and skeletons, but much of the soft parts such as eyes and limbs. This made the level of detail in \u003ca href=\"http://www.echomedicalmedia.com\">Quade Paul\u003c/a>‘s illustrations possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The detail is fantastic, so there’s little doubt about the morphological inferences you can make from the fossils,” Valentine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern world, the world of animals, was in a sense born in the Cambrian Period, Valentine said. While life wouldn’t move on shore for many millions of years, the same principles that permitted the Cambrian Explosion would eventually allow for the evolution of terrestrial life: insects, dinosaurs, apes and us.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49832/the-animal-kingdoms-otherworldly-ancestors",
"authors": [
"1429"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_326",
"quest_11743",
"quest_1032",
"quest_11194"
],
"featImg": "quest_49921",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49780": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49780",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49780",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1361376044000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1361376044,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures",
"title": "Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49786\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 166px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/cover/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49786\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/cover-166x253.jpg\" alt=\"book cover of animal wise\" width=\"166\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49786\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animal Wise: The thoughts and emotions of our fellow creatures. Virginia Morell; Crown: 2013\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not a comparative psychologist or student of animal behavior, chances are you didn't know that \u003ca href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/5277090.stm\">cows have regional accents\u003c/a> or that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v414/n6860/abs/414165a0.html\">sheep don’t forget a face\u003c/a>. I'd also wager that you never heard that \u003ca href=\"http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/LifeSciences/BioethicsSocialIssues/?ci=9780199551200\">fish feel pain\u003c/a> or that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88031220\">moths remember life as a caterpillar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just a few of the surprising mental feats our “lesser” animal relatives can manage, science journalist Virginia Morell tells us in her moving and entertaining new book, “Animal Wise: The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though an appreciation of the rich inner lives of our fellow creatures dates back at least to Aristotle, suggestions that animals could feel or think once met indignant resistance from theologians and philosophers who saw humans as the anointed ruler of a divinely created hierarchy of nature. Indignation turned to outrage when Charles Darwin recast humans not as the crown of creation but as an organism like any other, evolving in response to its ever-changing environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not surprising that Darwin, who documented physical similarities across species who live in similar environments, would think that such pressures gave rise to a continuity of mind across species as well. Any cognitive differences between humans and other animals are of degree, not kind, he argued in the “Descent of Man.” Furthermore, he wrote, “the senses and intuitions, the various emotions and faculties, such as love, memory, attention, curiosity, imitation, reason, etc., of which man boasts, may be found in an incipient, or even sometimes in a well-developed condition, in the lower animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49783\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/corvus_brachyrhynchos/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49783\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"american crow\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49783\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crows can use tools, challenging us to rethink the boundaries of animal cognition. (Photo: Walter Siegmund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Morell shows us, the need to elevate ourselves above nature runs deep. By the 1920s, the rise of behaviorists—psychologists who believed that science could investigate only observable behaviors—again demoted animals to mere stimulus-response robots incapable of anything approaching the human capacity for empathy, learning or intelligence. Some psychologists still cling to this view of animal automatons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Try telling any dog or cat lover that her cherished companion doesn’t have a personality or care whether she lives or dies. I’ll never forget how our Airedale, Amanda, would let loose in a fit of hysterical howls as she flung herself into my arms every time I came home from college break. And I still miss the Russian blue who magically appeared purring at my feet whenever I was feeling down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such anecdotes are simply that, of course. But just because scientists don’t know how to study animal emotions \u003ca href=\"http://www.wonderlance.com/february2011_scientech_fransdewaal.html\">doesn’t mean animals don’t experience them\u003c/a>. And given how often a study knocks yet another “uniquely” human trait off its pedestal, it may be just a matter of time before someone figures out how to study emotions in animals too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the boundaries of animal cognition that interest Morell, a frequent contributor to National Geographic and Science. She takes a journalist’s approach to the question of animal minds, but shows a deep compassion and empathy for her subjects, which include species separated by some 100 million years of evolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49796\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/african_forest_elephant/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49796\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/African_Forest_Elephant.jpg\" alt=\"african elephant\" width=\"287\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49796\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elephants, massacred by the thousands in Africa for the ivory in their tusks, experience grief and something akin to post-traumatic stress syndrome when they lose a family member. This male was photographed in Gabon, which conservationists consider ground zero for elephant massacre. (Photo: Peter H. Wrege)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Without evolution as a guide, the cognitive skills of \u003cem>Homo sapiens\u003c/em> do not make sense biologically, Morell writes about animal physiologist Donald Griffin’s quest to bring science to the study of animal minds in the mid-1970s. Human cognition did not spring de novo from the hand of a divine creator, lingering protestations to the contrary. What, then, Morell asks, are the biological roots and evolutionary processes that gave rise to the cognitive capacities we share with our animal kin?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, she travels the globe to visit researchers in their labs and in the field as they search for the evolutionary roots of cognition. In the process, she shows us not just the remarkable mental skills of “nonhuman” animals, but the nature of science and how we know what we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We learn about ant “teachers” that look, under a magnifying glass, like “Elizabethan actors or courtiers fashionably dressed in pantaloons and fancy hats” after Nigel Franks, an English behavioral ecologist, and his students painstakingly paint each one with a unique colored pattern. The work, though excruciating, helps reveal how and why each ant responds to a challenge—in this case, the destruction of the colony’s nest. The experiments, Morell reports, suggest that ants “the size of hyphens” make decisions when confronted with challenges and appear to teach their comrades to follow their lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3boAzft0qkE]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet a German neuroscientist named Stefan Schuster who found the perfect research subject by happy accident—a supplier mistakenly sent him a big aquarium, which he filled with archerfish “just for fun.” Three years in, Schuster realized the fish could help him study how animals with small brains can make complex decisions. Archerfish, “the sharpshooters of the piscine world,” fire streams of water at prey, usually insects, on branches or leaves above the surface then race to nab them once dislodged. By analyzing videotapes of archerfish squirting and grabbing prey under a variety of conditions, Schuster concluded that the fish learn how to shoot new and difficult targets by watching a skilled colleague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morell goes on to introduce us to the birds that forced scientists to rethink the meaning of bird-brained (including Betty, the tool-using crow), rats that “laugh” when tickled, elephants that experience post-traumatic stress after losing their matriarch, dolphins that cooperate to help another in distress and chimps whose sophisticated social intelligence forces us to consider our own failures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofjo26O0z_o]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ends, fittingly, with the latest studies of our most constant companion, the dog, a species Darwin considered closer to humans than to the wolves they descended from. The similarities between dogs and human are so striking that one group of scientists decided that studying the transition from wolf to dog would say more about the evolution of the human mind than studying the differences between chimpanzees and humans. Dogs, Morell writes, were Darwin’s “prime example of how animals, other than humans, experience ‘pleasure and pain, happiness and memory.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morell obliterates the lines that might separate us from the rest of the animal kingdom by relating trailblazing discoveries of the emotional and intellectual lives of animals. In the process, she challenges us to rethink our ethical obligations to the creatures who share our world. Morell notes that even some of the scientists studying animal cognition wanted to know how she would address the question of what sets us apart from other animals. “That question was not the point of the book,” she told them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that we now know that we live in a world of sentient beings, not one of stimulus-response machines,\" Morell writes, \"we need to ask: ‘How should we treat these other emotional, thinking creatures?' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, critics of those advocating for the compassionate treatment of animals have argued there’s no evidence to support their claims. As Morell makes clear, that argument no longer stands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, now, is: what are we going to do about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>***\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hear Virginia Morell talk about Animal Wise at Pegasus Books, 2349 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley, March 14 at 7:30 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49780 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49780",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1332,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1361419103,
"excerpt": "An appreciation of the rich inner lives of nonhuman animals dates back at least to Aristotle and gained support from Charles Darwin, who saw any differences between humans and other animals as a matter of degree, not kind. Still, the notion that humans stand above and apart from our fellow creatures dies hard. In her new book, \"Animal Wise,\" science journalist Virginia Morell takes us on a tour of labs and field sites around the world to show us that many of the traits once thought uniquely human appear in even our most distant evolutionary relatives. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "An appreciation of the rich inner lives of nonhuman animals dates back at least to Aristotle and gained support from Charles Darwin, who saw any differences between humans and other animals as a matter of degree, not kind. Still, the notion that humans stand above and apart from our fellow creatures dies hard. In her new book, "Animal Wise," science journalist Virginia Morell takes us on a tour of labs and field sites around the world to show us that many of the traits once thought uniquely human appear in even our most distant evolutionary relatives. ",
"title": "Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures",
"datePublished": "2013-02-20T08:00:44-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-02-20T19:58:23-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "book-review-animal-wise",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49780/book-review-animal-wise",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49786\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 166px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/cover/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49786\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/cover-166x253.jpg\" alt=\"book cover of animal wise\" width=\"166\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49786\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animal Wise: The thoughts and emotions of our fellow creatures. Virginia Morell; Crown: 2013\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not a comparative psychologist or student of animal behavior, chances are you didn't know that \u003ca href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/5277090.stm\">cows have regional accents\u003c/a> or that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v414/n6860/abs/414165a0.html\">sheep don’t forget a face\u003c/a>. I'd also wager that you never heard that \u003ca href=\"http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/LifeSciences/BioethicsSocialIssues/?ci=9780199551200\">fish feel pain\u003c/a> or that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88031220\">moths remember life as a caterpillar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just a few of the surprising mental feats our “lesser” animal relatives can manage, science journalist Virginia Morell tells us in her moving and entertaining new book, “Animal Wise: The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though an appreciation of the rich inner lives of our fellow creatures dates back at least to Aristotle, suggestions that animals could feel or think once met indignant resistance from theologians and philosophers who saw humans as the anointed ruler of a divinely created hierarchy of nature. Indignation turned to outrage when Charles Darwin recast humans not as the crown of creation but as an organism like any other, evolving in response to its ever-changing environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not surprising that Darwin, who documented physical similarities across species who live in similar environments, would think that such pressures gave rise to a continuity of mind across species as well. Any cognitive differences between humans and other animals are of degree, not kind, he argued in the “Descent of Man.” Furthermore, he wrote, “the senses and intuitions, the various emotions and faculties, such as love, memory, attention, curiosity, imitation, reason, etc., of which man boasts, may be found in an incipient, or even sometimes in a well-developed condition, in the lower animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49783\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/corvus_brachyrhynchos/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49783\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"american crow\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49783\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crows can use tools, challenging us to rethink the boundaries of animal cognition. (Photo: Walter Siegmund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Morell shows us, the need to elevate ourselves above nature runs deep. By the 1920s, the rise of behaviorists—psychologists who believed that science could investigate only observable behaviors—again demoted animals to mere stimulus-response robots incapable of anything approaching the human capacity for empathy, learning or intelligence. Some psychologists still cling to this view of animal automatons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Try telling any dog or cat lover that her cherished companion doesn’t have a personality or care whether she lives or dies. I’ll never forget how our Airedale, Amanda, would let loose in a fit of hysterical howls as she flung herself into my arms every time I came home from college break. And I still miss the Russian blue who magically appeared purring at my feet whenever I was feeling down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such anecdotes are simply that, of course. But just because scientists don’t know how to study animal emotions \u003ca href=\"http://www.wonderlance.com/february2011_scientech_fransdewaal.html\">doesn’t mean animals don’t experience them\u003c/a>. And given how often a study knocks yet another “uniquely” human trait off its pedestal, it may be just a matter of time before someone figures out how to study emotions in animals too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the boundaries of animal cognition that interest Morell, a frequent contributor to National Geographic and Science. She takes a journalist’s approach to the question of animal minds, but shows a deep compassion and empathy for her subjects, which include species separated by some 100 million years of evolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49796\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/african_forest_elephant/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49796\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/African_Forest_Elephant.jpg\" alt=\"african elephant\" width=\"287\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49796\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elephants, massacred by the thousands in Africa for the ivory in their tusks, experience grief and something akin to post-traumatic stress syndrome when they lose a family member. This male was photographed in Gabon, which conservationists consider ground zero for elephant massacre. (Photo: Peter H. Wrege)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Without evolution as a guide, the cognitive skills of \u003cem>Homo sapiens\u003c/em> do not make sense biologically, Morell writes about animal physiologist Donald Griffin’s quest to bring science to the study of animal minds in the mid-1970s. Human cognition did not spring de novo from the hand of a divine creator, lingering protestations to the contrary. What, then, Morell asks, are the biological roots and evolutionary processes that gave rise to the cognitive capacities we share with our animal kin?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, she travels the globe to visit researchers in their labs and in the field as they search for the evolutionary roots of cognition. In the process, she shows us not just the remarkable mental skills of “nonhuman” animals, but the nature of science and how we know what we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We learn about ant “teachers” that look, under a magnifying glass, like “Elizabethan actors or courtiers fashionably dressed in pantaloons and fancy hats” after Nigel Franks, an English behavioral ecologist, and his students painstakingly paint each one with a unique colored pattern. The work, though excruciating, helps reveal how and why each ant responds to a challenge—in this case, the destruction of the colony’s nest. The experiments, Morell reports, suggest that ants “the size of hyphens” make decisions when confronted with challenges and appear to teach their comrades to follow their lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/3boAzft0qkE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/3boAzft0qkE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet a German neuroscientist named Stefan Schuster who found the perfect research subject by happy accident—a supplier mistakenly sent him a big aquarium, which he filled with archerfish “just for fun.” Three years in, Schuster realized the fish could help him study how animals with small brains can make complex decisions. Archerfish, “the sharpshooters of the piscine world,” fire streams of water at prey, usually insects, on branches or leaves above the surface then race to nab them once dislodged. By analyzing videotapes of archerfish squirting and grabbing prey under a variety of conditions, Schuster concluded that the fish learn how to shoot new and difficult targets by watching a skilled colleague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morell goes on to introduce us to the birds that forced scientists to rethink the meaning of bird-brained (including Betty, the tool-using crow), rats that “laugh” when tickled, elephants that experience post-traumatic stress after losing their matriarch, dolphins that cooperate to help another in distress and chimps whose sophisticated social intelligence forces us to consider our own failures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ofjo26O0z_o'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ofjo26O0z_o'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ends, fittingly, with the latest studies of our most constant companion, the dog, a species Darwin considered closer to humans than to the wolves they descended from. The similarities between dogs and human are so striking that one group of scientists decided that studying the transition from wolf to dog would say more about the evolution of the human mind than studying the differences between chimpanzees and humans. Dogs, Morell writes, were Darwin’s “prime example of how animals, other than humans, experience ‘pleasure and pain, happiness and memory.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morell obliterates the lines that might separate us from the rest of the animal kingdom by relating trailblazing discoveries of the emotional and intellectual lives of animals. In the process, she challenges us to rethink our ethical obligations to the creatures who share our world. Morell notes that even some of the scientists studying animal cognition wanted to know how she would address the question of what sets us apart from other animals. “That question was not the point of the book,” she told them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that we now know that we live in a world of sentient beings, not one of stimulus-response machines,\" Morell writes, \"we need to ask: ‘How should we treat these other emotional, thinking creatures?' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, critics of those advocating for the compassionate treatment of animals have argued there’s no evidence to support their claims. As Morell makes clear, that argument no longer stands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, now, is: what are we going to do about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>***\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hear Virginia Morell talk about Animal Wise at Pegasus Books, 2349 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley, March 14 at 7:30 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49780/book-review-animal-wise",
"authors": [
"6322"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11737",
"quest_11211",
"quest_168",
"quest_366",
"quest_1032",
"quest_13202"
],
"featImg": "quest_49783",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49411": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49411",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49411",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1361203217000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1361203217,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Are Sleeping Aids Effective or Just A Placebo Effect?",
"title": "Are Sleeping Aids Effective or Just A Placebo Effect?",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601.jpg\" alt=\"photograph of woman laying in bed.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph courtesy of Wiros via a Creative Commons license.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You lay in bed, tossing and turning. Your body is completely exhausted, but your mind is racing with the day’s activities. Or worse yet, you’re stressing out about all the things on your to-do list for tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insomnia has become a major health concern worldwide with about \u003ca href=\"http://www.prweb.com/releases/sleeping_pills/sleeping_tablets/prweb4318034.htm\" title=\"article quoting the prevalence of sleeping pill usage\">15% of the global population\u003c/a> seeking relief with sleeping pills or tranquilizers. In the United States, about \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304567604576454102061138630.html\" title=\"Wall Street Journal article on sleeping pills usage in US\">60 million prescriptions\u003c/a> for sleeping pills are issued each year and usage has continued to grow particularly for 20-45 year olds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most commonly prescribed type of sleeping pill is non-benzodiazepines, also called z-drugs — zaleplon (Sonata), zolpidem (Ambien), zopiclone (Imovane), and eszopiclone (Lunesta). These z-drugs stimulate the activity of a neurotransmitter (gamma-aminobutyric acid) to help slow the brain down and facilitate sleep. However, a recent scientific journal article has raised some concerns about using z-drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from Harvard Medical School, the University of Connecticut and the University of London performed a quantitative statistical analysis (meta-analysis) of 13 studies on the effectiveness of z-drugs and their associated placebo response. They selected only randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials, which means that neither the 4378 participants nor the researchers knew who was given the drug and who the placebo. The researchers obtained the data from the US Food and Drug Administration, using both published and unpublished trials submitted as part of the drug approval process in order to avoid “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20181324\" title=\"article that explains publication bias\">publication bias\u003c/a>.” Their research \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8343\" title=\"British Medical Journal article on sleeping pills and placebo effect\">results were published\u003c/a> in the British Medical Journal on December 17, 2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This large, well-designed study found that z-drugs helped participants fall asleep more quickly, as measured subjectively by the participants and by equipment in a sleep lab. This was particularly true for younger, female participants. However, half the effect of the drug was found to be due to a placebo response. Specifically, participants on average fell asleep in the lab only 22 minutes faster if taking the z-drug compared to the placebo. This has raised concern on whether the benefits of taking z-drugs are worth the risk of adverse side effects, which include daytime fatigue, memory loss, problems with balance, dependency and an \u003ca href=\"http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000850.full\" title=\"British Medical Journal article on increased mortality associated with sleeping pills\">associated risk of an earlier death\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research found that both the drug effect and the placebo response were small and of “questionable clinical importance.” However, when the two were put together, taking a z-drug allowed participants on average to fall asleep 42 minutes faster than if they hadn’t taken a pill. This may help explain why many users are strong proponents of their z-drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, how quickly you fall asleep is only one symptom of insomnia. Other important measures are the total sleep time, number of awakenings, sleep quality and time spent awake after sleep onset. Although the study looked at these other outcomes, unfortunately there was insufficient data to make firm conclusions on these factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully there will be further research to analyze the effectiveness of z-drugs on all aspects affecting sleep quality. In addition, the demonstrated importance of the placebo response suggests that more attention should be directed at psychological interventions for insomnia.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49411 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49411",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/18/are-sleeping-aids-effective-or-just-a-placebo-effect/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 544,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1362707184,
"excerpt": "Insomnia has become a major health concern worldwide. In the US, 60 million prescriptions for sleeping pills are issued each year and non-benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed type. However, recent scientific journal articles have raised concerns about using these sleep aids.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Insomnia has become a major health concern worldwide. In the US, 60 million prescriptions for sleeping pills are issued each year and non-benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed type. However, recent scientific journal articles have raised concerns about using these sleep aids.",
"title": "Are Sleeping Aids Effective or Just A Placebo Effect? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Are Sleeping Aids Effective or Just A Placebo Effect?",
"datePublished": "2013-02-18T08:00:17-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-03-07T17:46:24-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "are-sleeping-aids-effective-or-just-a-placebo-effect",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49411/are-sleeping-aids-effective-or-just-a-placebo-effect",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601.jpg\" alt=\"photograph of woman laying in bed.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SleepingBeauty_Wiros_640x3601-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph courtesy of Wiros via a Creative Commons license.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You lay in bed, tossing and turning. Your body is completely exhausted, but your mind is racing with the day’s activities. Or worse yet, you’re stressing out about all the things on your to-do list for tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insomnia has become a major health concern worldwide with about \u003ca href=\"http://www.prweb.com/releases/sleeping_pills/sleeping_tablets/prweb4318034.htm\" title=\"article quoting the prevalence of sleeping pill usage\">15% of the global population\u003c/a> seeking relief with sleeping pills or tranquilizers. In the United States, about \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304567604576454102061138630.html\" title=\"Wall Street Journal article on sleeping pills usage in US\">60 million prescriptions\u003c/a> for sleeping pills are issued each year and usage has continued to grow particularly for 20-45 year olds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most commonly prescribed type of sleeping pill is non-benzodiazepines, also called z-drugs — zaleplon (Sonata), zolpidem (Ambien), zopiclone (Imovane), and eszopiclone (Lunesta). These z-drugs stimulate the activity of a neurotransmitter (gamma-aminobutyric acid) to help slow the brain down and facilitate sleep. However, a recent scientific journal article has raised some concerns about using z-drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from Harvard Medical School, the University of Connecticut and the University of London performed a quantitative statistical analysis (meta-analysis) of 13 studies on the effectiveness of z-drugs and their associated placebo response. They selected only randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials, which means that neither the 4378 participants nor the researchers knew who was given the drug and who the placebo. The researchers obtained the data from the US Food and Drug Administration, using both published and unpublished trials submitted as part of the drug approval process in order to avoid “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20181324\" title=\"article that explains publication bias\">publication bias\u003c/a>.” Their research \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8343\" title=\"British Medical Journal article on sleeping pills and placebo effect\">results were published\u003c/a> in the British Medical Journal on December 17, 2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This large, well-designed study found that z-drugs helped participants fall asleep more quickly, as measured subjectively by the participants and by equipment in a sleep lab. This was particularly true for younger, female participants. However, half the effect of the drug was found to be due to a placebo response. Specifically, participants on average fell asleep in the lab only 22 minutes faster if taking the z-drug compared to the placebo. This has raised concern on whether the benefits of taking z-drugs are worth the risk of adverse side effects, which include daytime fatigue, memory loss, problems with balance, dependency and an \u003ca href=\"http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000850.full\" title=\"British Medical Journal article on increased mortality associated with sleeping pills\">associated risk of an earlier death\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research found that both the drug effect and the placebo response were small and of “questionable clinical importance.” However, when the two were put together, taking a z-drug allowed participants on average to fall asleep 42 minutes faster than if they hadn’t taken a pill. This may help explain why many users are strong proponents of their z-drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, how quickly you fall asleep is only one symptom of insomnia. Other important measures are the total sleep time, number of awakenings, sleep quality and time spent awake after sleep onset. Although the study looked at these other outcomes, unfortunately there was insufficient data to make firm conclusions on these factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully there will be further research to analyze the effectiveness of z-drugs on all aspects affecting sleep quality. In addition, the demonstrated importance of the placebo response suggests that more attention should be directed at psychological interventions for insomnia.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49411/are-sleeping-aids-effective-or-just-a-placebo-effect",
"authors": [
"6360"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11723",
"quest_11722",
"quest_11724",
"quest_13202",
"quest_11720",
"quest_11721"
],
"featImg": "quest_49415",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49590": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49590",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49590",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1360962046000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1360962046,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Bird Challenge: The Great Backyard Bird Count Is This Weekend!",
"title": "Bay Area Bird Challenge: The Great Backyard Bird Count Is This Weekend!",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49591\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 503px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/15/bay-area-bird-challenge/americangoldfinch_pamelawertz_la_2012_high/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49591\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-49591 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348.jpg\" alt=\"You may find a backyard-bird gem like this American goldfinch. Photo by Pamela Wertz.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">You may find a backyard-bird gem like this American goldfinch. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Birdsource.org\" href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/press/mediaimages\" target=\"_blank\">Pamela Wertz\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Come on, Bay Area bird enthusiasts, here’s your challenge: let’s turn in more bird reports than Sacramento this year! I was looking over the report for last year and noticed that San Francisco and Oakland combined reports totaled just over 100 while Sacramento turned in over 200 reports. In the name of good fun and science, let’s see if we can beat Sacramento’s record from last year!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) is a young event, only sixteen years old, compared to the Christmas Bird Count, which is 112 years old. It’s already \u003ca title=\"Audubon website; GBBC goes global feb 15-18 2013\" href=\"http://www.audubon.org/newsroom/press-releases/2013/great-backyard-bird-count-goes-global-feb-15-18\" target=\"_blank\">gone international\u003c/a>, though, with countries participating around the globe. The goal is a worthy one: to try and capture over the course of a weekend a significant sampling of all the birds wherever people find them –- especially targeting urban areas around our neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re probably wondering, “How can I get in on this amazing, easy event?” You simply step outside into your nearest outdoor space –- your yard, balcony, neighborhood park, or even a street -– and identify and count as many bird species as you can see over the course of 15 minutes. The \u003ca title=\"Great Backyard Bird Count website: how to\" href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/howto.html\" target=\"_blank\">GBBC website\u003c/a> has some links to help you, from bird lists to bird identification pages. After your short bird watching session, you can go to the website to report your findings. That’s it. Your efforts will help us double our reports from last year! You can, of course, watch for longer than 15 minutes and submit more than one list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/15/bay-area-bird-challenge/eurasiancollareddove1_debbie_hurlbert_fl_2012_high/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49594\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-49594\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/EurasianCollaredDove1_Debbie_Hurlbert_FL_2012_high-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Some birds, like this non-native Eurasian collared dove, are expanding their territories. The bird count helps monitor their presence and spread. Photo by Debbie Hurlbert\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some birds, like this non-native Eurasian collared dove, are expanding their territories. The bird count helps monitor their presence and spread. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Bird source website\" href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/press\" target=\"_blank\">Debbie Hurlbert\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The GBBC website has some cool \u003ca title=\"GBBC statistics\" href=\"http://gbbc.birdsource.org/gbbcApps/results\" target=\"_blank\">statistical modeling\u003c/a> from past years which shows each reported species’ mapped presences over time in an area. With increasing participation of thousands, even tens of thousands of volunteer bird counters, this event can be of great use to scientists and land managers. If the GBBC has inspired you to learn more about this great hobby of bird watching, there are many places you can go to enjoy it with others or on your own. In fact, \u003ca title=\"www.ebparks.org/activities\" href=\"https://activenet021.active.com/ebparks/\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay Regional Parks naturalists\u003c/a> offer free bird watching walks perfect for beginners or for experienced birders looking for company on various weekends or weekday mornings; check the program listings on their website. The Audubon Society has local chapters that also offer free programs. See the \u003ca title=\"Golden Gate Audubon field trips\" href=\"http://www.goldengateaudubon.org/field-trips/upcoming-field-trips-2012/\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate Audubon website\u003c/a> for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49590 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49590",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/15/bay-area-bird-challenge/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 458,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 6
},
"modified": 1362707128,
"excerpt": "Help the Bay Area be better represented in this year's Great Backyard Bird Count!",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Help the Bay Area be better represented in this year's Great Backyard Bird Count!",
"title": "Bay Area Bird Challenge: The Great Backyard Bird Count Is This Weekend! | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Bay Area Bird Challenge: The Great Backyard Bird Count Is This Weekend!",
"datePublished": "2013-02-15T13:00:46-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-03-07T17:45:28-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "bay-area-bird-challenge",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49590/bay-area-bird-challenge",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49591\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 503px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/15/bay-area-bird-challenge/americangoldfinch_pamelawertz_la_2012_high/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49591\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-49591 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348.jpg\" alt=\"You may find a backyard-bird gem like this American goldfinch. Photo by Pamela Wertz.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/AmericanGoldfinch_PamelaWertz_LA_2012_high-e1360872454348-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">You may find a backyard-bird gem like this American goldfinch. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Birdsource.org\" href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/press/mediaimages\" target=\"_blank\">Pamela Wertz\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Come on, Bay Area bird enthusiasts, here’s your challenge: let’s turn in more bird reports than Sacramento this year! I was looking over the report for last year and noticed that San Francisco and Oakland combined reports totaled just over 100 while Sacramento turned in over 200 reports. In the name of good fun and science, let’s see if we can beat Sacramento’s record from last year!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) is a young event, only sixteen years old, compared to the Christmas Bird Count, which is 112 years old. It’s already \u003ca title=\"Audubon website; GBBC goes global feb 15-18 2013\" href=\"http://www.audubon.org/newsroom/press-releases/2013/great-backyard-bird-count-goes-global-feb-15-18\" target=\"_blank\">gone international\u003c/a>, though, with countries participating around the globe. The goal is a worthy one: to try and capture over the course of a weekend a significant sampling of all the birds wherever people find them –- especially targeting urban areas around our neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re probably wondering, “How can I get in on this amazing, easy event?” You simply step outside into your nearest outdoor space –- your yard, balcony, neighborhood park, or even a street -– and identify and count as many bird species as you can see over the course of 15 minutes. The \u003ca title=\"Great Backyard Bird Count website: how to\" href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/howto.html\" target=\"_blank\">GBBC website\u003c/a> has some links to help you, from bird lists to bird identification pages. After your short bird watching session, you can go to the website to report your findings. That’s it. Your efforts will help us double our reports from last year! You can, of course, watch for longer than 15 minutes and submit more than one list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/15/bay-area-bird-challenge/eurasiancollareddove1_debbie_hurlbert_fl_2012_high/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49594\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-49594\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/EurasianCollaredDove1_Debbie_Hurlbert_FL_2012_high-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Some birds, like this non-native Eurasian collared dove, are expanding their territories. The bird count helps monitor their presence and spread. Photo by Debbie Hurlbert\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some birds, like this non-native Eurasian collared dove, are expanding their territories. The bird count helps monitor their presence and spread. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Bird source website\" href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/press\" target=\"_blank\">Debbie Hurlbert\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The GBBC website has some cool \u003ca title=\"GBBC statistics\" href=\"http://gbbc.birdsource.org/gbbcApps/results\" target=\"_blank\">statistical modeling\u003c/a> from past years which shows each reported species’ mapped presences over time in an area. With increasing participation of thousands, even tens of thousands of volunteer bird counters, this event can be of great use to scientists and land managers. If the GBBC has inspired you to learn more about this great hobby of bird watching, there are many places you can go to enjoy it with others or on your own. In fact, \u003ca title=\"www.ebparks.org/activities\" href=\"https://activenet021.active.com/ebparks/\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay Regional Parks naturalists\u003c/a> offer free bird watching walks perfect for beginners or for experienced birders looking for company on various weekends or weekday mornings; check the program listings on their website. The Audubon Society has local chapters that also offer free programs. See the \u003ca title=\"Golden Gate Audubon field trips\" href=\"http://www.goldengateaudubon.org/field-trips/upcoming-field-trips-2012/\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate Audubon website\u003c/a> for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49590/bay-area-bird-challenge",
"authors": [
"6328"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_11726",
"quest_11727",
"quest_3310",
"quest_3307",
"quest_13202"
],
"featImg": "quest_49591",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49318": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49318",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49318",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1360598459000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1360598459,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Lighten Up, California: Why GloFish Can't Glow in the Golden State",
"title": "Lighten Up, California: Why GloFish Can't Glow in the Golden State",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49319\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 638px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/11/lighten-up-california-why-glofish-cant-glow-in-the-golden-state/glofish/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49319\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish.jpg\" alt=\"Not dangerous, just morally ambiguous.\" width=\"638\" height=\"361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49319\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish.jpg 638w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not dangerous, just morally ambiguous.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the more popular exhibits at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose is the wetlab. This is where museum visitors get to add the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from jellyfish to bacteria to get the bacteria to glow green. The 20,000 or so people who do this each year get to learn about how genetically engineering bacteria can help to create important medicines like EPO, insulin and growth hormone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit is getting a little long in the tooth so I was looking for ways to give it a bit of a refresh. One idea we’re thinking about is adding some new colors to the mix. We might give visitors the option of using a gene from coral that makes the bacteria glow red or a mutant version of GFP that glows blue in addition to the current green one. We may even add a station that lets visitors paint living pictures using these different colored bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another simple but fun refresh I wanted to add was an aquarium full of \u003ca href=\"http://www.glofish.com/\">GloFish\u003c/a>. These are fish that have had various fluorescent genes inserted into their DNA so they glow incredibly brightly. I thought this was an easy and visually fun way to get into a discussion about how GFP has become such a powerful tool for scientists. I was only half right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting GloFish into an exhibit here in California is nontrivial because they are illegal. That’s right: they are legal in the other 49 states but illegal here. I need to get a special permit from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife to have GloFish merrily swimming at The Tech. And Sheldon (from \u003cem>The Big Bang Theory\u003c/em>) would have been breaking California law by having them in his Pasadena apartment in the episode, “\u003ca href=\"http://bigbangtheory.wikia.com/wiki/The_Luminous_Fish_Effect\">The Luminous Fish Effect\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49323\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/11/lighten-up-california-why-glofish-cant-glow-in-the-golden-state/welab/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49323\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/WeLab.jpg\" alt=\"Wouldn't this look spiffy with a bunch of GloFish swimming in a tank?\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49323\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wouldn't this look spiffy with a bunch of GloFish swimming in a tank?\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now they aren't illegal because they are dangerous. They won’t spread disease, take over native fishes or swallow swimmers whole. They are small, tropical fish that won’t survive long in California’s chilly waters. And the few that do manage to survive are twice as likely to be eaten by predatory fish compared to their non-glowing brethren. This means that because of natural selection they would quickly be wiped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they aren't dangerous, why in the world are they illegal? Because the Fish and Game Commission decided back in 2003 that GloFish were the result of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/openforum/article/Why-GloFish-won-t-glow-in-California-2545870.php\">trivial use for a powerful technology\u003c/a>. They felt that these fish should not have been made and therefore Californians should not be able to have them. The commission imposed their set of values on the rest of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is even though these fish are really a spinoff of a more useful technology. Scientists in Singapore created GloFish as part of a process of creating living pollution sensors. The idea was that the fish would only glow when pollutants are around and so they could serve as an early indicator of pollution. In one sense, then, GloFish are really more like Teflon or Tang—useful byproducts of more productive research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The banning of GloFish is probably too trivial an issue to stir up enough protest to get it reversed. So if I decide to go ahead, I’ll apply for the permit. Maybe then at least some people in California will be able to see these cool fish in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2019096509_glofish09.html\">Newest GloFish May Be More Worrisome\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49318 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49318",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/11/lighten-up-california-why-glofish-cant-glow-in-the-golden-state/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 604,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1360963896,
"excerpt": "One of the more popular exhibits at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose is the wetlab. The exhibit is getting a little long in the tooth so I was looking for ways to give it a bit of a refresh.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "One of the more popular exhibits at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose is the wetlab. The exhibit is getting a little long in the tooth so I was looking for ways to give it a bit of a refresh.",
"title": "Lighten Up, California: Why GloFish Can't Glow in the Golden State | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Lighten Up, California: Why GloFish Can't Glow in the Golden State",
"datePublished": "2013-02-11T08:00:59-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-02-15T13:31:36-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "lighten-up-california-why-glofish-cant-glow-in-the-golden-state",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49318/lighten-up-california-why-glofish-cant-glow-in-the-golden-state",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49319\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 638px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/11/lighten-up-california-why-glofish-cant-glow-in-the-golden-state/glofish/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49319\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish.jpg\" alt=\"Not dangerous, just morally ambiguous.\" width=\"638\" height=\"361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49319\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish.jpg 638w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/GloFish-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not dangerous, just morally ambiguous.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the more popular exhibits at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose is the wetlab. This is where museum visitors get to add the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from jellyfish to bacteria to get the bacteria to glow green. The 20,000 or so people who do this each year get to learn about how genetically engineering bacteria can help to create important medicines like EPO, insulin and growth hormone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit is getting a little long in the tooth so I was looking for ways to give it a bit of a refresh. One idea we’re thinking about is adding some new colors to the mix. We might give visitors the option of using a gene from coral that makes the bacteria glow red or a mutant version of GFP that glows blue in addition to the current green one. We may even add a station that lets visitors paint living pictures using these different colored bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another simple but fun refresh I wanted to add was an aquarium full of \u003ca href=\"http://www.glofish.com/\">GloFish\u003c/a>. These are fish that have had various fluorescent genes inserted into their DNA so they glow incredibly brightly. I thought this was an easy and visually fun way to get into a discussion about how GFP has become such a powerful tool for scientists. I was only half right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting GloFish into an exhibit here in California is nontrivial because they are illegal. That’s right: they are legal in the other 49 states but illegal here. I need to get a special permit from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife to have GloFish merrily swimming at The Tech. And Sheldon (from \u003cem>The Big Bang Theory\u003c/em>) would have been breaking California law by having them in his Pasadena apartment in the episode, “\u003ca href=\"http://bigbangtheory.wikia.com/wiki/The_Luminous_Fish_Effect\">The Luminous Fish Effect\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49323\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/11/lighten-up-california-why-glofish-cant-glow-in-the-golden-state/welab/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49323\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/WeLab.jpg\" alt=\"Wouldn't this look spiffy with a bunch of GloFish swimming in a tank?\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49323\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wouldn't this look spiffy with a bunch of GloFish swimming in a tank?\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now they aren't illegal because they are dangerous. They won’t spread disease, take over native fishes or swallow swimmers whole. They are small, tropical fish that won’t survive long in California’s chilly waters. And the few that do manage to survive are twice as likely to be eaten by predatory fish compared to their non-glowing brethren. This means that because of natural selection they would quickly be wiped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they aren't dangerous, why in the world are they illegal? Because the Fish and Game Commission decided back in 2003 that GloFish were the result of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/openforum/article/Why-GloFish-won-t-glow-in-California-2545870.php\">trivial use for a powerful technology\u003c/a>. They felt that these fish should not have been made and therefore Californians should not be able to have them. The commission imposed their set of values on the rest of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is even though these fish are really a spinoff of a more useful technology. Scientists in Singapore created GloFish as part of a process of creating living pollution sensors. The idea was that the fish would only glow when pollutants are around and so they could serve as an early indicator of pollution. In one sense, then, GloFish are really more like Teflon or Tang—useful byproducts of more productive research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The banning of GloFish is probably too trivial an issue to stir up enough protest to get it reversed. So if I decide to go ahead, I’ll apply for the permit. Maybe then at least some people in California will be able to see these cool fish in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2019096509_glofish09.html\">Newest GloFish May Be More Worrisome\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49318/lighten-up-california-why-glofish-cant-glow-in-the-golden-state",
"authors": [
"6177"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_1196",
"quest_11712",
"quest_11713",
"quest_13202",
"quest_2881"
],
"featImg": "quest_49319",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49466": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49466",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49466",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1360369661000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1360369661,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado",
"title": "On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Ano Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the melodious sounds of Barry White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at the University of California Santa Cruz are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\">\u003c/iframe> The unique calls of three male elephants seals: X579, 1C and GL (top to bottom). (Photos and recordings: C. Reichmuth and University of California-Santa Cruz NMFS Permit No. 14636)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV -- fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,\" says Wolfklain. \"And they want to have the first right to mate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy's coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others' chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at the UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite. He always has this really lovely note at the end of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible. All of the animals sound completely different from one another,” Casey says. What’s more, Casey's team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 308px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\" alt=\"A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"308\" height=\"207\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit, call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me,'” says Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals, Casey explains. \"That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are 170,000 northern elephant seals and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49466 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=49466",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/08/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 913,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html"
],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1450493545,
"excerpt": "They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.",
"title": "On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado",
"datePublished": "2013-02-08T16:27:41-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-12-18T18:52:25-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/02/20130211science.mp3",
"source": "Biology",
"WpOldSlug": "west-coast-a-test-bed-for-ocean-acidification-2",
"path": "/quest/49466/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Ano Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the melodious sounds of Barry White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at the University of California Santa Cruz are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\">\u003c/iframe> The unique calls of three male elephants seals: X579, 1C and GL (top to bottom). (Photos and recordings: C. Reichmuth and University of California-Santa Cruz NMFS Permit No. 14636)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV -- fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,\" says Wolfklain. \"And they want to have the first right to mate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy's coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others' chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at the UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite. He always has this really lovely note at the end of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible. All of the animals sound completely different from one another,” Casey says. What’s more, Casey's team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 308px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\" alt=\"A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"308\" height=\"207\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit, call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me,'” says Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals, Casey explains. \"That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are 170,000 northern elephant seals and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49466/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9",
"quest_17"
],
"tags": [
"quest_252",
"quest_11725",
"quest_13193",
"quest_11488",
"quest_665",
"quest_962",
"quest_11194",
"quest_1743",
"quest_13203",
"quest_2034",
"quest_2209"
],
"featImg": "quest_49513",
"label": "source_quest_49466"
},
"quest_49346": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49346",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49346",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1360166438000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1360166438,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Coyote Killings: A Complex Debate of Conservation and Cruelty",
"title": "Coyote Killings: A Complex Debate of Conservation and Cruelty",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49359\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 724px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/sevencoyotepups/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49359\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49359\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups.jpg\" alt=\"coyote pups\" width=\"724\" height=\"407\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Studies show that coyotes facing heavy hunting pressures respond by reproducing more--with alpha and older coyotes gone,\u003cbr>\nyounger animals reproduce, and have bigger litters. (Photo: John Harrison)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every once in a while you get a sobering reminder about what passes for civilized society. One day several years ago, my husband and I were staying at a vacation rental on the northern Sonoma Coast and decided to head inland to the Anderson Valley, driving east through picturesque oak-studded meadows and mixed conifer forests. With my husband at the wheel, I was free to scour the sky and grasslands for signs of wildlife. I spotted a red-tailed hawk soaring in the distance, a sight that always lifts my spirits. But as we rounded a bend in the road, my heart sank as I struggled to absorb the sight before me: coyotes, as far as the eye could see, strung up on fence posts like scarecrows, bodies contorted, frozen in a gruesome death pose, fur sticking out like straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think the barbaric practice of hanging coyotes from fences disappeared with the bounty era, when the state paid hunters to exterminate all things carnivore, big or small, on wings or paws, to protect livestock. When the canine crucifixions, like the bounty, reinforced the notion that the only good predator was a dead one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as I saw firsthand, the tradition is alive and well in ranching country. Some people say the carnage serves as a warning to other coyotes to avoid the area or suffer the same fate. Others say it assures nearby ranchers you’re doing your part to kill predators and safeguard livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49352\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/coyotes_fence/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49352\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-49352\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Coyotes_fence-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"coyotes hung on fences\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife photographer Steve Creek took this photo of dead coyotes tied to a fence last year in Oklahoma. They were \"on display near a major 4-lane highway,\" Creek says on his web site (http://stevecreek.com/coyote-hatred/). Photo: Steve Creek\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence to suggest that a dead coyote scares off the living. But there seems to be something to the idea of killing predators to impress your neighbors if this week’s three-day coyote killing contest is any indication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.myoutdoorbuddy.com/hunting_report.php?Hunting=6796\">\u003cstrong>Starting Friday\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, hunters in the tiny town of Adin in Modoc County will pay $50 for the pleasure of killing as many coyotes as they can in the Pit River Rod and Gun Club’s Seventh Annual Coyote Drive. They’ll roam rifle in hand through four counties in the far northeastern corner of California to, as the sponsors promise, \"reduce the number of coyotes threatening wild game, livestock and pets in that region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, the gun club and Adin Supply Outfitters urged hunters to hurry and get their applications in “if you want to win prizes and help rid Northern California of coyotes.” This year, they’re encouraging junior hunters to participate because the “drive is a great time to teach quality ethics and outdoorsmanship to young hunters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entrants get a T-shirt (red paint on the logo drips like blood from the letters) and a chance to win a gun and other prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectcoyote.org/newsreleases/news_modoc_hunt.html\">launched their own drive\u003c/a> to stop the slaughter, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120AB2402\">citing new legislation\u003c/a> that requires California’s Fish and Game Commission to use ecosystem-based management and “credible” science to manage the state’s wildlife. What’s more, they say, the hunt could end up killing OR7, the state’s only wolf—which, unlike its cousins in the Rocky Mountains, is still protected under the federal Endangered Species Act. The chances of a hunter mistaking a wolf for a coyote are too high to risk, conservationists argue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And given the anti-predator rhetoric behind a contest designed to exterminate coyotes, I worry that someone will shoot OR7 knowing full well he’s a wolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adin, population 272, lies within an area called Big Valley, where ranchers raise mostly cattle. Nationwide, predators of all types account for just 5.5 percent of cattle and calf losses, according to data released by the National Agricultural Statistics Service. Sheep and lambs are more vulnerable to predators, which NASS says account for 39% of total losses across the country. As the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2012/04/28/4450678/the-killing-agency-wildlife-services.html\">Sacramento Bee reported\u003c/a> last year, the federal agency called Wildilfe Services—a more apt name might be Hunter and Rancher Services—killed more than 83,000 coyotes in 2011 for eating big game and livestock. An \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/prog_data/2011_prog_data/PDR_G/Basic_Tables_PDR_G/Table%20G_ShortReport.pdf\">additional 453 pups were killed\u003c/a> in their dens or after they were removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But studies, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4003765.pdf?acceptTC=true\">highly credible ones\u003c/a>, show that all the killing just gives you more coyotes. Comparing hunted versus unhunted coyote populations, researchers found that in heavily hunted populations adult survival rates drop, more yearlings reproduce and litter sizes increase. This could explain why the agency started tracking how many pups they killed in dens (386 in 2009 and 378 in 2010).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49386\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 328px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/komondor_westminster_dog_show_crop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49386\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-49386\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Komondor_Westminster_Dog_Show_crop-328x360.jpg\" alt=\"Komondor\" width=\"328\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife experts recommend that livestock producers use guardian dogs like the Komondor, a Hungarian breed that descended from Tibetan dogs. (Photo: Flickr user whartonds)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildlife biologists\u003c/strong> know better. A booklet published by the Utah State University—in a state that just reintroduced a $50 bounty on coyotes—notes that although coyotes are more apt than other predators to feed on sheep, lambs and goats (which aren’t worth the energy for larger carnivores like lions and wolves), the vast majority of their diet consists of rodents and other small animals. A \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context=coyotesw\">three-year study\u003c/a> in West Texas showed that reducing coyote abundance by nearly half led to a decline in the abundance and type of rodent species and a 320% increase in jackrabbit density—leading to increased competition with livestock for available forage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Pugh, a predator control expert at Oklahoma State Extension Service, argues that lethal methods should be used only as a last resort if the problem is severe. Even then, he warns, it “typically does nothing to eliminate the problem animal or animals [and] can actually cause further problems.” Though any coyote has the potential to kill livestock, studies show many don’t. That’s because it’s a learned behavior. So if a coyote that doesn’t have a taste for sheep is indiscriminately killed, you may have removed your best protection against livestock-eating coyotes because your rodent-loving coyote can no longer defend his territory against other predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pugh and other wildlife managers promote a range of nonlethal methods to protect livestock (so-called “passive” as opposed to lethal methods), from putting goats and sheep in enclosed shelters at night and building coyote-proof fences to removing carrion as soon as possible and using guardian dogs, like the Komondor and Maremma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there aren’t just practical reasons that a contest to kill as many coyotes as possible makes no sense. As we’ve killed wolves throughout the country, coyotes have moved in, becoming one of the most widely distributed predators in America. The reason, no doubt, they’re also the most targeted predator in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49356\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/coyotedrive2013logo1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49356\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49356\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/CoyoteDrive2013Logo1.jpg\" alt=\"coyote drive 2013 logo\" width=\"480\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/CoyoteDrive2013Logo1.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/CoyoteDrive2013Logo1-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Organizers of the coyote-killing contest will give out T-shirts with the event's logo (above) until supplies last.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But I would like to think that as researchers uncover more and more evidence of the intelligence of animals—particularly of those with complex social behaviors like wolves, coyotes and dogs—that we humans might step back to reflect on how we treat wildlife that shares not just our environment but also, granted to a lesser degree, our cognitive abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve no doubt heard of Chaser, the \u003ca href=\"http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/01/05/chaser-the-border-collie-the-smartest-dog-in-the-world/\">bordie collie who can recognize 1,000 objects\u003c/a> by name? That’s a remarkable cognitive feat that requires learning and working memory—something it was long assumed only humans could manage. Not surprisingly, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635711001598\">it turns out that coyotes,\u003c/a> our beloved companion’s evolutionary kin, can discriminate between large and small portions of food. This ability to approximate number, which appears in babies at around three months old, helps animals decide where to hunt, flee from predators or fight territorial intruders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizers of the Coyote Drive tout the event as an opportunity to “teach quality ethics\u003cbr>\nand outdoorsmanship to our youth.” Surely, with all we’ve learned about the rich cognitive life of animals, “quality ethics” demands that we no longer treat wildlife like vermin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*****\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Project Coyote,\u003c/strong> which promotes carnivore coexistence and educates the public about coyote biology, ecology and behavior, is sponsoring \u003ca href=\"http://www.change.org/petitions/ca-dept-of-fish-wildlife-f-g-commission-stop-coyote-killing-contest\">a petition to stop the hunt. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49346 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49346",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1445,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1367045867,
"excerpt": "Coyotes, reviled for preying on sheep and goats, are the most targeted predator in the U.S. This week, hunters in the tiny Modoc County town of Adin will compete in a contest to kill the most coyotes to protect their livestock--even though research shows that killing coyotes results in higher reproductive rates.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Coyotes, reviled for preying on sheep and goats, are the most targeted predator in the U.S. This week, hunters in the tiny Modoc County town of Adin will compete in a contest to kill the most coyotes to protect their livestock--even though research shows that killing coyotes results in higher reproductive rates.",
"title": "Coyote Killings: A Complex Debate of Conservation and Cruelty | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Coyote Killings: A Complex Debate of Conservation and Cruelty",
"datePublished": "2013-02-06T08:00:38-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-04-26T23:57:47-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49346/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49359\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 724px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/sevencoyotepups/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49359\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49359\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/SevenCoyotePups.jpg\" alt=\"coyote pups\" width=\"724\" height=\"407\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Studies show that coyotes facing heavy hunting pressures respond by reproducing more--with alpha and older coyotes gone,\u003cbr>\nyounger animals reproduce, and have bigger litters. (Photo: John Harrison)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every once in a while you get a sobering reminder about what passes for civilized society. One day several years ago, my husband and I were staying at a vacation rental on the northern Sonoma Coast and decided to head inland to the Anderson Valley, driving east through picturesque oak-studded meadows and mixed conifer forests. With my husband at the wheel, I was free to scour the sky and grasslands for signs of wildlife. I spotted a red-tailed hawk soaring in the distance, a sight that always lifts my spirits. But as we rounded a bend in the road, my heart sank as I struggled to absorb the sight before me: coyotes, as far as the eye could see, strung up on fence posts like scarecrows, bodies contorted, frozen in a gruesome death pose, fur sticking out like straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think the barbaric practice of hanging coyotes from fences disappeared with the bounty era, when the state paid hunters to exterminate all things carnivore, big or small, on wings or paws, to protect livestock. When the canine crucifixions, like the bounty, reinforced the notion that the only good predator was a dead one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as I saw firsthand, the tradition is alive and well in ranching country. Some people say the carnage serves as a warning to other coyotes to avoid the area or suffer the same fate. Others say it assures nearby ranchers you’re doing your part to kill predators and safeguard livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49352\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/coyotes_fence/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49352\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-49352\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Coyotes_fence-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"coyotes hung on fences\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife photographer Steve Creek took this photo of dead coyotes tied to a fence last year in Oklahoma. They were \"on display near a major 4-lane highway,\" Creek says on his web site (http://stevecreek.com/coyote-hatred/). Photo: Steve Creek\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence to suggest that a dead coyote scares off the living. But there seems to be something to the idea of killing predators to impress your neighbors if this week’s three-day coyote killing contest is any indication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.myoutdoorbuddy.com/hunting_report.php?Hunting=6796\">\u003cstrong>Starting Friday\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, hunters in the tiny town of Adin in Modoc County will pay $50 for the pleasure of killing as many coyotes as they can in the Pit River Rod and Gun Club’s Seventh Annual Coyote Drive. They’ll roam rifle in hand through four counties in the far northeastern corner of California to, as the sponsors promise, \"reduce the number of coyotes threatening wild game, livestock and pets in that region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, the gun club and Adin Supply Outfitters urged hunters to hurry and get their applications in “if you want to win prizes and help rid Northern California of coyotes.” This year, they’re encouraging junior hunters to participate because the “drive is a great time to teach quality ethics and outdoorsmanship to young hunters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entrants get a T-shirt (red paint on the logo drips like blood from the letters) and a chance to win a gun and other prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectcoyote.org/newsreleases/news_modoc_hunt.html\">launched their own drive\u003c/a> to stop the slaughter, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120AB2402\">citing new legislation\u003c/a> that requires California’s Fish and Game Commission to use ecosystem-based management and “credible” science to manage the state’s wildlife. What’s more, they say, the hunt could end up killing OR7, the state’s only wolf—which, unlike its cousins in the Rocky Mountains, is still protected under the federal Endangered Species Act. The chances of a hunter mistaking a wolf for a coyote are too high to risk, conservationists argue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And given the anti-predator rhetoric behind a contest designed to exterminate coyotes, I worry that someone will shoot OR7 knowing full well he’s a wolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adin, population 272, lies within an area called Big Valley, where ranchers raise mostly cattle. Nationwide, predators of all types account for just 5.5 percent of cattle and calf losses, according to data released by the National Agricultural Statistics Service. Sheep and lambs are more vulnerable to predators, which NASS says account for 39% of total losses across the country. As the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2012/04/28/4450678/the-killing-agency-wildlife-services.html\">Sacramento Bee reported\u003c/a> last year, the federal agency called Wildilfe Services—a more apt name might be Hunter and Rancher Services—killed more than 83,000 coyotes in 2011 for eating big game and livestock. An \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/prog_data/2011_prog_data/PDR_G/Basic_Tables_PDR_G/Table%20G_ShortReport.pdf\">additional 453 pups were killed\u003c/a> in their dens or after they were removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But studies, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4003765.pdf?acceptTC=true\">highly credible ones\u003c/a>, show that all the killing just gives you more coyotes. Comparing hunted versus unhunted coyote populations, researchers found that in heavily hunted populations adult survival rates drop, more yearlings reproduce and litter sizes increase. This could explain why the agency started tracking how many pups they killed in dens (386 in 2009 and 378 in 2010).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49386\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 328px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/komondor_westminster_dog_show_crop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49386\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-49386\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Komondor_Westminster_Dog_Show_crop-328x360.jpg\" alt=\"Komondor\" width=\"328\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildlife experts recommend that livestock producers use guardian dogs like the Komondor, a Hungarian breed that descended from Tibetan dogs. (Photo: Flickr user whartonds)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildlife biologists\u003c/strong> know better. A booklet published by the Utah State University—in a state that just reintroduced a $50 bounty on coyotes—notes that although coyotes are more apt than other predators to feed on sheep, lambs and goats (which aren’t worth the energy for larger carnivores like lions and wolves), the vast majority of their diet consists of rodents and other small animals. A \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context=coyotesw\">three-year study\u003c/a> in West Texas showed that reducing coyote abundance by nearly half led to a decline in the abundance and type of rodent species and a 320% increase in jackrabbit density—leading to increased competition with livestock for available forage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Pugh, a predator control expert at Oklahoma State Extension Service, argues that lethal methods should be used only as a last resort if the problem is severe. Even then, he warns, it “typically does nothing to eliminate the problem animal or animals [and] can actually cause further problems.” Though any coyote has the potential to kill livestock, studies show many don’t. That’s because it’s a learned behavior. So if a coyote that doesn’t have a taste for sheep is indiscriminately killed, you may have removed your best protection against livestock-eating coyotes because your rodent-loving coyote can no longer defend his territory against other predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pugh and other wildlife managers promote a range of nonlethal methods to protect livestock (so-called “passive” as opposed to lethal methods), from putting goats and sheep in enclosed shelters at night and building coyote-proof fences to removing carrion as soon as possible and using guardian dogs, like the Komondor and Maremma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there aren’t just practical reasons that a contest to kill as many coyotes as possible makes no sense. As we’ve killed wolves throughout the country, coyotes have moved in, becoming one of the most widely distributed predators in America. The reason, no doubt, they’re also the most targeted predator in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49356\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/06/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty/coyotedrive2013logo1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49356\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49356\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/CoyoteDrive2013Logo1.jpg\" alt=\"coyote drive 2013 logo\" width=\"480\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/CoyoteDrive2013Logo1.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/CoyoteDrive2013Logo1-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Organizers of the coyote-killing contest will give out T-shirts with the event's logo (above) until supplies last.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But I would like to think that as researchers uncover more and more evidence of the intelligence of animals—particularly of those with complex social behaviors like wolves, coyotes and dogs—that we humans might step back to reflect on how we treat wildlife that shares not just our environment but also, granted to a lesser degree, our cognitive abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve no doubt heard of Chaser, the \u003ca href=\"http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/01/05/chaser-the-border-collie-the-smartest-dog-in-the-world/\">bordie collie who can recognize 1,000 objects\u003c/a> by name? That’s a remarkable cognitive feat that requires learning and working memory—something it was long assumed only humans could manage. Not surprisingly, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635711001598\">it turns out that coyotes,\u003c/a> our beloved companion’s evolutionary kin, can discriminate between large and small portions of food. This ability to approximate number, which appears in babies at around three months old, helps animals decide where to hunt, flee from predators or fight territorial intruders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizers of the Coyote Drive tout the event as an opportunity to “teach quality ethics\u003cbr>\nand outdoorsmanship to our youth.” Surely, with all we’ve learned about the rich cognitive life of animals, “quality ethics” demands that we no longer treat wildlife like vermin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*****\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Project Coyote,\u003c/strong> which promotes carnivore coexistence and educates the public about coyote biology, ecology and behavior, is sponsoring \u003ca href=\"http://www.change.org/petitions/ca-dept-of-fish-wildlife-f-g-commission-stop-coyote-killing-contest\">a petition to stop the hunt. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49346/coyote-killings-a-complex-debate-of-conservation-and-cruelty",
"authors": [
"6322"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_326",
"quest_11719",
"quest_684",
"quest_10936",
"quest_11483",
"quest_921",
"quest_11718",
"quest_13202",
"quest_3178"
],
"featImg": "quest_49359",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_49207": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_49207",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "49207",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1359732023000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1359732023,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Groundhogs and Ground Squirrels: Winter Prognosticators",
"title": "Groundhogs and Ground Squirrels: Winter Prognosticators",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49208\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 541px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/01/groundhogs-and-ground-squirrels-winter-prognosticators/800px-groundhog-standing2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49208\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-49208\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-541x360.jpg\" alt=\"This groundhog, alert to danger, is related to ground squirrels and marmots.\" width=\"541\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This groundhog, alert to danger, is related to ground squirrels and marmots. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Groundhog Standing by Marumari\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Groundhog-Standing2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Marumari\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Groundhog Day seems mostly an East Coast event with most of the action centered in Pennsylvania. In a land of biting wind, bitter cold and snow, Punxsutawney Phil emerges every year on Feb. 2 to predict how much longer winter will maintain its icy grip on the country. Lore has it if he sees his shadow, winter has six more weeks of bad weather and Phil returns to hibernation. If it’s cloudy, then he assumes spring is near and remains above ground. There are a couple of fun websites to see his \u003ca title=\"Groundhog Winter Predictions\" href=\"http://www.groundhogs.com/contest_frame.htm\" target=\"_blank\">predictions over the years\u003c/a> and you can even learn the official \u003ca title=\"Groundhog Day song, Marmotburrow website, UCLA\" href=\"http://www.marmotburrow.ucla.edu/murmeltier.html\" target=\"_blank\">Groundhog Day song\u003c/a> (sung to the tune of “Oh Tannenbaum,” which is fitting as this \u003ca title=\"Groundhog Day history\" href=\"http://groundhog.org/groundhog-day/history/\" target=\"_blank\">Groundhog Day tradition \u003c/a>is traced back to ancient German roots).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have our own, less famous, weather prognosticators on our relatively balmy West Coast: the ground squirrels. Groundhogs and squirrels are both in the same family of rodents called “\u003ca title=\"Rodent family Sciuridae information\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciuridae\" target=\"_blank\">Sciuridae\u003c/a>.” All \u003ca title=\"Groundhog id, National Geographic website\" href=\"http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/groundhog/\" target=\"_blank\">groundhogs\u003c/a>, marmots, and \u003ca title=\"California Ground Squirrel id\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_ground_squirrel\" target=\"_blank\">ground squirrels\u003c/a> are capable of hibernation, which enables them to survive winters when food is scarce and temperatures plummet. Hibernation is like suspended animation, the animal’s breathing and heart rate radically slow and their body temperature drops to nearly the same as their underground burrow. Ground squirrels in our area spend more time sleeping in winter, with some adults possibly hibernating. Definitive research about the hibernation of our local squirrels has been hard to come by – anyone need a graduate student project? Today as I walked the Bay Trail at \u003ca title=\"Crown Beach, East Bay Regional Parks\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/crown_beach\" target=\"_blank\">Crown Beach\u003c/a>, even though the sun was out, I only spotted four adult ground squirrels. In the spring, there will be hundreds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49209\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 269px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/01/groundhogs-and-ground-squirrels-winter-prognosticators/638px-california_ground_squirrel_at_point_lobos/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49209\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-49209\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/638px-California_ground_squirrel_at_Point_Lobos-269x253.jpg\" alt=\"California ground squirrels have colonies along our rocky shores and throughout grasslands. Photo by Brocken Inaglory.\" width=\"269\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California ground squirrels have colonies along our rocky shores and throughout grasslands. Photo by Brocken Inaglory.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may be wondering how ground squirrels, so common in open areas yet seldom seen in cities (don’t confuse them with the non-native tree squirrels) fit in the ecology of our area. There’s a great article in \u003ca title=\"Lord of the Burrows, Bay Nature article\" href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/lord-of-the-burrows/\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Nature online\u003c/a> that explains their vital role in grassland ecosystems and provides a wonderful illustration of their burrow system along with a fascinating account of their co-evolution and adaptation to avoiding rattlesnakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My research also revealed a problem that needs our attention. We need to \u003ca title=\"Environmental Health News\" href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/rodenticides-kill-wildlife\" target=\"_blank\">avoid using rodenticides\u003c/a> to control ground squirrels - and rats. The problem is the poison is also deadly to raptors, hawks, foxes, and coyotes, which eat the poisoned rodents, and kills them through secondary poisoning. This reduces the predators, which could be helping us by eating our pest species, and causes us to use even more poison to keep the pests in check. Does this sound like a vicious cycle? Next time you’re out hiking in the grasslands or along a rocky shoreline, watch for these entertaining, important animals and, if you’re out on Feb. 2\u003csup>nd\u003c/sup> see if you can predict our own winter weather with their presence or absence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "49207 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49207",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/01/groundhogs-and-ground-squirrels-winter-prognosticators/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 526,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 6
},
"modified": 1443824078,
"excerpt": "Ground squirrels in our local parks and grasslands are related to groundhogs. Find out more about their role in weather predictions and grassland ecology.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Ground squirrels in our local parks and grasslands are related to groundhogs. Find out more about their role in weather predictions and grassland ecology.",
"title": "Groundhogs and Ground Squirrels: Winter Prognosticators | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Groundhogs and Ground Squirrels: Winter Prognosticators",
"datePublished": "2013-02-01T07:20:23-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-10-02T15:14:38-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "groundhogs-and-ground-squirrels-winter-prognosticators",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/49207/groundhogs-and-ground-squirrels-winter-prognosticators",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49208\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 541px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/01/groundhogs-and-ground-squirrels-winter-prognosticators/800px-groundhog-standing2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49208\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-49208\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/800px-Groundhog-Standing2-541x360.jpg\" alt=\"This groundhog, alert to danger, is related to ground squirrels and marmots.\" width=\"541\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This groundhog, alert to danger, is related to ground squirrels and marmots. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Groundhog Standing by Marumari\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Groundhog-Standing2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Marumari\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Groundhog Day seems mostly an East Coast event with most of the action centered in Pennsylvania. In a land of biting wind, bitter cold and snow, Punxsutawney Phil emerges every year on Feb. 2 to predict how much longer winter will maintain its icy grip on the country. Lore has it if he sees his shadow, winter has six more weeks of bad weather and Phil returns to hibernation. If it’s cloudy, then he assumes spring is near and remains above ground. There are a couple of fun websites to see his \u003ca title=\"Groundhog Winter Predictions\" href=\"http://www.groundhogs.com/contest_frame.htm\" target=\"_blank\">predictions over the years\u003c/a> and you can even learn the official \u003ca title=\"Groundhog Day song, Marmotburrow website, UCLA\" href=\"http://www.marmotburrow.ucla.edu/murmeltier.html\" target=\"_blank\">Groundhog Day song\u003c/a> (sung to the tune of “Oh Tannenbaum,” which is fitting as this \u003ca title=\"Groundhog Day history\" href=\"http://groundhog.org/groundhog-day/history/\" target=\"_blank\">Groundhog Day tradition \u003c/a>is traced back to ancient German roots).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have our own, less famous, weather prognosticators on our relatively balmy West Coast: the ground squirrels. Groundhogs and squirrels are both in the same family of rodents called “\u003ca title=\"Rodent family Sciuridae information\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciuridae\" target=\"_blank\">Sciuridae\u003c/a>.” All \u003ca title=\"Groundhog id, National Geographic website\" href=\"http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/groundhog/\" target=\"_blank\">groundhogs\u003c/a>, marmots, and \u003ca title=\"California Ground Squirrel id\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_ground_squirrel\" target=\"_blank\">ground squirrels\u003c/a> are capable of hibernation, which enables them to survive winters when food is scarce and temperatures plummet. Hibernation is like suspended animation, the animal’s breathing and heart rate radically slow and their body temperature drops to nearly the same as their underground burrow. Ground squirrels in our area spend more time sleeping in winter, with some adults possibly hibernating. Definitive research about the hibernation of our local squirrels has been hard to come by – anyone need a graduate student project? Today as I walked the Bay Trail at \u003ca title=\"Crown Beach, East Bay Regional Parks\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/crown_beach\" target=\"_blank\">Crown Beach\u003c/a>, even though the sun was out, I only spotted four adult ground squirrels. In the spring, there will be hundreds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49209\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 269px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/01/groundhogs-and-ground-squirrels-winter-prognosticators/638px-california_ground_squirrel_at_point_lobos/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49209\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-49209\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/638px-California_ground_squirrel_at_Point_Lobos-269x253.jpg\" alt=\"California ground squirrels have colonies along our rocky shores and throughout grasslands. Photo by Brocken Inaglory.\" width=\"269\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California ground squirrels have colonies along our rocky shores and throughout grasslands. Photo by Brocken Inaglory.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may be wondering how ground squirrels, so common in open areas yet seldom seen in cities (don’t confuse them with the non-native tree squirrels) fit in the ecology of our area. There’s a great article in \u003ca title=\"Lord of the Burrows, Bay Nature article\" href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/lord-of-the-burrows/\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Nature online\u003c/a> that explains their vital role in grassland ecosystems and provides a wonderful illustration of their burrow system along with a fascinating account of their co-evolution and adaptation to avoiding rattlesnakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My research also revealed a problem that needs our attention. We need to \u003ca title=\"Environmental Health News\" href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/rodenticides-kill-wildlife\" target=\"_blank\">avoid using rodenticides\u003c/a> to control ground squirrels - and rats. The problem is the poison is also deadly to raptors, hawks, foxes, and coyotes, which eat the poisoned rodents, and kills them through secondary poisoning. This reduces the predators, which could be helping us by eating our pest species, and causes us to use even more poison to keep the pests in check. Does this sound like a vicious cycle? Next time you’re out hiking in the grasslands or along a rocky shoreline, watch for these entertaining, important animals and, if you’re out on Feb. 2\u003csup>nd\u003c/sup> see if you can predict our own winter weather with their presence or absence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/49207/groundhogs-and-ground-squirrels-winter-prognosticators",
"authors": [
"6328"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_20",
"quest_3310",
"quest_11707",
"quest_11708",
"quest_11706",
"quest_13"
],
"featImg": "quest_49208",
"label": "quest"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=biology": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 576,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 648,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"quest_49766",
"quest_50085",
"quest_49602",
"quest_49966",
"quest_49832",
"quest_49780",
"quest_49411",
"quest_49590",
"quest_49318",
"quest_49466",
"quest_49346",
"quest_49207"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_biology": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": "[Circular]",
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"source_quest_49466": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_49466",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Biology",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/",
"isLoading": false
},
"quest_4": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_4",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "4",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/biology"
},
"quest_339": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_339",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "339",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Bird",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Bird Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 342,
"slug": "bird",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bird"
},
"quest_11734": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11734",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11734",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "CuriOdyssey",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "CuriOdyssey Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11768,
"slug": "curiodyssey",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/curiodyssey"
},
"quest_11735": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11735",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11735",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "interspecies",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "interspecies Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11769,
"slug": "interspecies",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/interspecies"
},
"quest_3307": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3307",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3307",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Northern California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3329,
"slug": "northern-california-local",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california-local"
},
"quest_11736": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11736",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11736",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pair bonding",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pair bonding Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11770,
"slug": "pair-bonding",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pair-bonding"
},
"quest_13202": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13202",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13202",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northern California",
"description": "KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.",
"title": "QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3254,
"slug": "northern-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california"
},
"quest_2401": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2401",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2401",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Rehabilitation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Rehabilitation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2417,
"slug": "rehabilitation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/rehabilitation"
},
"quest_3385": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3385",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3385",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "san mateo county",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "san mateo county Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3411,
"slug": "san-mateo-county",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/san-mateo-county"
},
"quest_326": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_326",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "326",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "biodiversity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "biodiversity Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 328,
"slug": "tag-biodiversity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-biodiversity"
},
"quest_11794": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11794",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11794",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bird conservation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bird conservation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11829,
"slug": "bird-conservation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bird-conservation"
},
"quest_609": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_609",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "609",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "citizen science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "citizen science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 613,
"slug": "citizen-science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/citizen-science"
},
"quest_1489": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1489",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1489",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "invasive species",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "invasive species Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1500,
"slug": "invasive-species",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/invasive-species"
},
"quest_11795": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11795",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11795",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "migratory paths",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "migratory paths Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11830,
"slug": "migratory-paths",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/migratory-paths"
},
"quest_738": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_738",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "738",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "csi",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "csi Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 743,
"slug": "csi",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/csi"
},
"quest_1129": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1129",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1129",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "forensics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "forensics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1138,
"slug": "forensics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/forensics"
},
"quest_9734": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9734",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9734",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "identical twin",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "identical twin Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9764,
"slug": "identical-twin",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/identical-twin"
},
"quest_3319": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3319",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3319",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "The Tech Museum",
"description": "http://www.thetech.org/",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "http://www.thetech.org/",
"title": "The Tech Museum Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3344,
"slug": "the-tech-museum",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/the-tech-museum"
},
"quest_12": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/health"
},
"quest_11365": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11365",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11365",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "human body",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "human body Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11398,
"slug": "human-body",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/human-body"
},
"quest_11194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqed science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqed science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11227,
"slug": "kqed-science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/kqed-science"
},
"quest_11748": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11748",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11748",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "naked",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "naked Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11782,
"slug": "naked",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/naked"
},
"quest_11749": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11749",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11749",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "public nudity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "public nudity Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11783,
"slug": "public-nudity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/public-nudity"
},
"quest_2486": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2486",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2486",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "san francisco",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "san francisco Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2502,
"slug": "san-francisco",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/san-francisco"
},
"quest_2530": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2530",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2530",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2546,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/science"
},
"quest_11743": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11743",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11743",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cambrian",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cambrian Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11777,
"slug": "cambrian",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cambrian"
},
"quest_1032": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1032",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1032",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "evolution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "evolution Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1041,
"slug": "evolution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/evolution"
},
"quest_11737": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11737",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11737",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "animal cognition",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "animal cognition Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11771,
"slug": "animal-cognition",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/animal-cognition"
},
"quest_11211": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11211",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11211",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "animal communication",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "animal communication Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11244,
"slug": "animal-communication",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/animal-communication"
},
"quest_168": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_168",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "168",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "animal rights",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "animal rights Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 169,
"slug": "animal-rights",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/animal-rights"
},
"quest_366": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_366",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "366",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "books",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "books Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 369,
"slug": "books",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/books"
},
"quest_11723": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11723",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11723",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "insomnia",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "insomnia Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11757,
"slug": "insomnia",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/insomnia"
},
"quest_11722": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11722",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11722",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "non-benzodiazepines",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "non-benzodiazepines Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11756,
"slug": "non-benzodiazepines",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/non-benzodiazepines"
},
"quest_11724": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11724",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11724",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "placebo",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "placebo Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11758,
"slug": "placebo",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/placebo"
},
"quest_11720": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11720",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11720",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sleeping pills",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sleeping pills Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11754,
"slug": "sleeping-pills",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sleeping-pills"
},
"quest_11721": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11721",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11721",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "z-drugs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "z-drugs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11755,
"slug": "z-drugs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/z-drugs"
},
"quest_11726": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11726",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11726",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "backyard bird count",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "backyard bird count Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11760,
"slug": "backyard-bird-count",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/backyard-bird-count"
},
"quest_11727": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11727",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11727",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bird reports",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bird reports Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11761,
"slug": "bird-reports",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bird-reports"
},
"quest_3310": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3310",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3310",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "East Bay Regional Park District",
"description": "http://www.ebparks.org/",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "http://www.ebparks.org/",
"title": "East Bay Regional Park District Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3333,
"slug": "east-bay-regional-park-district",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/east-bay-regional-park-district"
},
"quest_1196": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1196",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1196",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "genetically modified",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "genetically modified Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1205,
"slug": "genetically-modified",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/genetically-modified"
},
"quest_11712": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11712",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11712",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "GloFish",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "GloFish Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11746,
"slug": "glofish",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/glofish"
},
"quest_11713": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11713",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11713",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "GM organism",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "GM organism Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11747,
"slug": "gm-organism",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/gm-organism"
},
"quest_2881": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2881",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2881",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "tech museum of innovation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "tech museum of innovation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2897,
"slug": "tech-museum-of-innovation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tech-museum-of-innovation"
},
"quest_9": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/environment"
},
"quest_17": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_17",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "17",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 18,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/radio"
},
"quest_252": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_252",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "252",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "audio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 254,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/audio"
},
"quest_11725": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11725",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11725",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bioacoustics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bioacoustics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11759,
"slug": "bioacoustics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bioacoustics"
},
"quest_13193": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13193",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13193",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 333,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/biology"
},
"quest_11488": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11488",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11488",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "california coast",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "california coast Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11522,
"slug": "california-coast",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/california-coast"
},
"quest_665": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_665",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "665",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "communication",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "communication Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 670,
"slug": "communication",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/communication"
},
"quest_962": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_962",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "962",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "elephant seals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "elephant seals Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 968,
"slug": "elephant-seals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/elephant-seals"
},
"quest_1743": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1743",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1743",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "marine mammals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "marine mammals Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1755,
"slug": "marine-mammals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/marine-mammals"
},
"quest_13203": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13203",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13203",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2001,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/news"
},
"quest_2034": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2034",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2034",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ocean",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ocean Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2047,
"slug": "ocean",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ocean"
},
"quest_2209": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2209",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2209",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pinnipeds",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pinnipeds Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2224,
"slug": "pinnipeds",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pinnipeds"
},
"quest_11719": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11719",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11719",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carnivores",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carnivores Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11753,
"slug": "carnivores",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/carnivores"
},
"quest_684": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_684",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "684",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "conservation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "conservation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 689,
"slug": "conservation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/conservation"
},
"quest_10936": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10936",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10936",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "conservation biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "conservation biology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10969,
"slug": "conservation-biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/conservation-biology"
},
"quest_11483": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11483",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11483",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "coyotes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "coyotes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11517,
"slug": "coyotes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/coyotes"
},
"quest_921": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_921",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "921",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ecology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ecology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 926,
"slug": "ecology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ecology"
},
"quest_11718": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11718",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11718",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "predators",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "predators Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11752,
"slug": "predators",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/predators"
},
"quest_3178": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3178",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3178",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wolves",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wolves Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3196,
"slug": "wolves",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/wolves"
},
"quest_20": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_20",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "20",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "chinook salmon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "chinook salmon Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 21,
"slug": "chinook-salmon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/chinook-salmon"
},
"quest_11707": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11707",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11707",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ground squirrels",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ground squirrels Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11741,
"slug": "ground-squirrels",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ground-squirrels"
},
"quest_11708": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11708",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11708",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "groundhog day",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "groundhog day Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11742,
"slug": "groundhog-day",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/groundhog-day"
},
"quest_11706": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11706",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11706",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "groundhogs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "groundhogs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11740,
"slug": "groundhogs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/groundhogs"
},
"quest_13": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northern California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1594,
"slug": "northern-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
