QUEST Northern CaliforniaQUEST Northern California
KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.
Vitamin E Supplements Increase Prostate Cancer Risk
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Albany Hill
Guadalupe Island: Protecting Sharks through Ecotourism
Sequencing Within Reach
In a Sea of Energy Data, Utilities Try to Inspire Conservation
Dumpster Diving on Mars
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Pinole and the Hayward fault
Science Hack Day Coming This November
Red Tide Rising: Harmful Phytoplankton Blooms
Clean Tech Earns Its Stripes
Tobacco Industry Refused To Reduce Radioactivity In Cigarettes In Order To Maintain Addictive Potential
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"bio": "An avid writer, surfer and ocean voyager, \u003cstrong>David McGuire\u003c/strong> is the founder of the conservation non profit Sea Stewards and is an advocate for a healthy ocean. As Captain, Dive Master and Cinematographer, David has explored the world ocean on numerous sailing voyages collecting media with an emphasis on ocean awareness.Educated in Marine Biology, he holds a masters degree in Environmental Health and has worked in education and public health at the University of California at Berkeley for over a decade. David is the writer, producer and underwater cinematographer of the award winning documentary \u003cem>Sharks: Stewards of the Reef\u003c/em>, and was writer and cinematographer on a film on \u003cem>California Marine Protected Areas\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>Palmyra Atoll\u003c/em>. David has written, filmed and produced a new documentary on the \u003cem>Sharks of San Francisco Bay\u003c/em> and has worked as cameraman on feature films such as \u003cem>180 South\u003c/em> and \u003cem>A Beautiful Wave\u003c/em>. His underwater filmwork on San Francisco elasmobranches and ecosystems continues and he frequently donates his work for conservation causes. As Field and Research Associate with the California Academy of Sciences, David is Project Manager of a shark research program on the San Francisco Bay and has initiated a new sharks awareness campaign: Shark Sanctuary San Francisco. Through expedition sailing and video production, Sea Stewards is exploring and explaining our ocean world, influencing policies and practices from sustainable fishing to marine protection. Through Sea Steward Studios, our Media Production work is used to influence sound policies and sustainable ocean practices. Current work includes a series on Sea Turtle Conservation in Mexico, a film with partners Team Fish Finders using local fishermen to promote catch and release and a documentary on local sustainable seafood and a Cordell Banks Expedition.",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/vitamin-E.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/vitamin-E-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vitamin E\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25917\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A clinical trial testing the effects of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on prostate cancer shows a statistically significant increase in cancer risk with vitamin E supplementation, according to the latest analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) was started in 2001 with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/pressreleases/2001/select\">much enthusiasm\u003c/a> and was funded by the National Cancer Institute. Two previous cancer trials (for other forms of the disease) had suggested that people who supplemented with vitamin E and selenium had reduced risk of prostate cancer. This was the first trial designed to specifically test the benefits of these nutrients on prostate cancer, either alone or when administered together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were four conditions in the trial. In one condition participants were given a pill of 400 IU of vitamin E (oil based capsules) and another pill of 200 mg selenium (pressed tablets) to take daily. In another condition men were given the vitamin E pill and a placebo pill that looked like selenium. In the third condition participants were given the real selenium pill and a placebo that looked like vitamin E. And in the final condition both pills were placebo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hoped they could achieve a 25% reduction in prostate cancer risk with vitamin E or selenium, but in 2008 researchers detected slightly more prostate cancer in men who were taking the vitamin E supplement alone. Though at that time the increase was not significant, the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee terminated the trial since it was obvious that the 25% reduction would not be met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest analysis included 18 months of follow-up on those who had participated in the trial. The new data showed that men who were taking the vitamin E supplement had a 17% increase in prostate cancer risk compared to those taking placebo, and the increase has reached statistical significance. Men taking selenium alone or vitamin E and selenium together also had higher incidence of prostate cancer, though the results did not achieve statistical significance and could be due to chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importantly, the vitamin E dosage of the SELECT trial was particularly high at 400 IU. The current US \u003ca href=\"http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamine\">Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for vitamin E\u003c/a> is only 22.4 IU, and the previous trial that showed a benefit of vitamin E for prostate cancer risk used only 50 IU. A typical multivitamin has closer to 30 IU of vitamin E, though vitamin E only supplements can often contain more than 100 IU. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the current findings, vitamin E only supplements would not be recommended, particularly for men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click here for more info on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/qa/2008/selectqa\">SELECT trial\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Geological Outings Around the Bay: Albany Hill",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritobart/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25773\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritobart\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is the classic view of Albany Hill from the El Cerrito BART station. With the sun behind it, you can see that much of the hill's apparent size is due to a high hairstyle of eucalyptus trees. Beneath them is an isolated body of Franciscan sandstone dating from late in the Cretaceous Period, about 70 to 83 million years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area landmarks had different names before the Gold Rush. Albany Hill was first named \"Cerrito de San Antonio\" by the Peralta family. Afterward it became El Cerrito, \"little hill,\" and got its current name just a century ago when the city of Albany incorporated. During those years it served first as a rock quarry and the site of an explosives factory (when the eucalyptus forest was planted, as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/\">at Pinole Point\u003c/a>, to muffle accidents) and later as a fine place to build homes and apartment buildings. Today much of it is preserved in Albany Hill Park in a benign stasis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albany Hill appears on the geologic map as a patch of unit Kfn, Franciscan rocks of the Novato Quarry terrane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25775\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritomap-566x360.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritomap\" width=\"566\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-25775\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The line labeled \"A\" marks part of cross-section A–A' that conveniently starts right at Albany Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritoxsec/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25771\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritoxsec\" width=\"640\" height=\"410\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25771\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec-400x256.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cross-section showing interpreted structure beneath the map; the portion shown in the map segment reaches to the \"Qls\" symbol (landslide deposits).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To visit the rocks of Albany Hill, park along Taft Avenue, which runs up the east side of the hill. The street boasts an extensive roadcut where you can inspect and sample the rock. It's a hard, massive, medium-grained sandstone that has undergone some metamorphism. This has wiped out any original structural features that may have been there, such as bedding and erosion marks. This isn't the dramatic stuff of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritoweathered/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25777\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritoweathered\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25777\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Weathered sandstone of Albany Hill in Taft Avenue roadcut. The light patch is rich in calcite.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Up at the end of Taft is a parking area for Albany Hill Park. Enjoy the woods and the views and watch for the occasional outcrops underfoot. In many of these, foot traffic exposes the sandstone's true tan color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map shows two other exposures of this rock nearby. The one at Point Isabel is almost entirely covered today, but at Fleming Point, behind the racetrack stands at Golden Gate Fields, years of (again) explosives manufacturing and quarrying have left it well exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerr-flemingpoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25772\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerr-flemingpoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25772\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint-400x243.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three outcrops are part of a longer discontinuous belt of rocks of the Novato Quarry terrane. It runs from Piedmont on the south to Point Richmond, to Novato across the Bay, and beyond in patches all the way to Bodega Head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you're on this side of the freeway, take a hike out the Albany Bulb, an artificial peninsula studded with anonymous art works. There you can see the \u003ci>other\u003c/i> classic view of Albany Hill, sitting in front of the much younger rocks of the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritobulb/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25774\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritobulb\" width=\"600\" height=\"419\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25774\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb-400x279.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Among the commuters who pass it twice a day, surely thousands of people wonder about that dramatic little hill next to I-80/580 just north of Berkeley. Wonder no more.",
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"description": "Among the commuters who pass it twice a day, surely thousands of people wonder about that dramatic little hill next to I-80/580 just north of Berkeley. Wonder no more.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritobart/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25773\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritobart\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is the classic view of Albany Hill from the El Cerrito BART station. With the sun behind it, you can see that much of the hill's apparent size is due to a high hairstyle of eucalyptus trees. Beneath them is an isolated body of Franciscan sandstone dating from late in the Cretaceous Period, about 70 to 83 million years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area landmarks had different names before the Gold Rush. Albany Hill was first named \"Cerrito de San Antonio\" by the Peralta family. Afterward it became El Cerrito, \"little hill,\" and got its current name just a century ago when the city of Albany incorporated. During those years it served first as a rock quarry and the site of an explosives factory (when the eucalyptus forest was planted, as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/\">at Pinole Point\u003c/a>, to muffle accidents) and later as a fine place to build homes and apartment buildings. Today much of it is preserved in Albany Hill Park in a benign stasis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albany Hill appears on the geologic map as a patch of unit Kfn, Franciscan rocks of the Novato Quarry terrane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25775\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritomap-566x360.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritomap\" width=\"566\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-25775\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The line labeled \"A\" marks part of cross-section A–A' that conveniently starts right at Albany Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritoxsec/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25771\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritoxsec\" width=\"640\" height=\"410\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25771\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec-400x256.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cross-section showing interpreted structure beneath the map; the portion shown in the map segment reaches to the \"Qls\" symbol (landslide deposits).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To visit the rocks of Albany Hill, park along Taft Avenue, which runs up the east side of the hill. The street boasts an extensive roadcut where you can inspect and sample the rock. It's a hard, massive, medium-grained sandstone that has undergone some metamorphism. This has wiped out any original structural features that may have been there, such as bedding and erosion marks. This isn't the dramatic stuff of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritoweathered/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25777\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritoweathered\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25777\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Weathered sandstone of Albany Hill in Taft Avenue roadcut. The light patch is rich in calcite.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Up at the end of Taft is a parking area for Albany Hill Park. Enjoy the woods and the views and watch for the occasional outcrops underfoot. In many of these, foot traffic exposes the sandstone's true tan color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map shows two other exposures of this rock nearby. The one at Point Isabel is almost entirely covered today, but at Fleming Point, behind the racetrack stands at Golden Gate Fields, years of (again) explosives manufacturing and quarrying have left it well exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerr-flemingpoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25772\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerr-flemingpoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25772\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint-400x243.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three outcrops are part of a longer discontinuous belt of rocks of the Novato Quarry terrane. It runs from Piedmont on the south to Point Richmond, to Novato across the Bay, and beyond in patches all the way to Bodega Head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you're on this side of the freeway, take a hike out the Albany Bulb, an artificial peninsula studded with anonymous art works. There you can see the \u003ci>other\u003c/i> classic view of Albany Hill, sitting in front of the much younger rocks of the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritobulb/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25774\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritobulb\" width=\"600\" height=\"419\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25774\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb-400x279.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Guadalupe Island: Protecting Sharks through Ecotourism",
"title": "Guadalupe Island: Protecting Sharks through Ecotourism",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/WSAngle.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/WSAngle-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"WSAngle\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-25893\">\u003c/a>The shark slides effortlessly upwards, the gunmetal back blending imperceptibly from the backdrop of the deep blue sea. It isn’t until the animal turns sideways, revealing the broad fin and the great white grin that I realize a white shark is upon me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time I visited Guadalupe Island-aka The Island of the great white shark-was under sail in the early nineteen eighties. A rugged and desert island one hundred fifty miles off the coast of Baja California, the island itself was then only inhabited by goats and a fish camp. The deepwater anchorage provided little shelter from the swell and above water the island felt remote and spooky. But beneath the surface I experienced a rich marine ecosystem from abalone to giant kelp to Guadalupe Fur Seals. During that voyage we didn’t experience a white shark, but on a recent last trip aboard a Mexican ecotourism boat we experienced five in one dive. Like the Farrallon Islands off San Francisco, Guadalupe is as an aggregation site for white sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week I joined four Italian photographers, three Japanese and six Americans on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jTtKDFYkWw&feature=youtu.be\">Mexican Shark watching vessel\u003c/a> to enter cages and experience what it is like to be in the water with a great white shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All trained SCUBA divers, I was surprised at how little my fellow passengers- all educated and experienced divers- knew about sharks, threats to sharks and shark conservation. During our five days aboard I was able to raise awareness via video and shorts talks peppered by the real action in the water. Seeing a white shark swim is like nothing else and the sharks made a clear impression on us all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can look at the statistics. For example, millions of sharks are killed each year for their fins. Countless millions of others harks are killed as bycatch in longline fishery. As many as ninety percent of some pelagic sharks are now missing from the ocean, and one third of these are on the IUCN Red List and threatened with extinction. Great white sharks are one of the few species internationally protected with trade restrictions, yet white shark fins are coveted and the Pacific population hovers around 1000 individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet sharks get a bad rap. My colleague at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, Dr. John McCosker points out that in the last one hundred years, there have been round 100 white shark attacks in our State waters, with a 10% fatality. The odds of getting killed (if you even enter the water) are greater by simply crossing the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many people actually ever get to see a white shark?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistics pale when watching a white shark swim. You are left with the feeling that these sharks belong and we are the interlopers. Unless we reconsider our views on sharks, white sharks could easily go extinct in our lifetimes. But tourists like these might hold the hope. Click, click, the shutters fire as sharks swim past an arm’s reach. Click click fire the synapses as the mind wonders at the size and power of this amazingly adapted beast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interacting with wildlife, especially top predators can be thrilling, but can it also be dangerous.\u003cbr>\nWildlife tourism has been long established in the terrestrial environment, but not without problems. Animals and tourists have been killed through negligence and greed. Eventually, guidelines have been established in many regions to protect both the tourists and the wildlife such as tigers and elephants from harm. Many have strict rules like the tours lead through \u003ca href=\"http://www.seethewild.org/57/see-wild-cats.html\">SEEtheWILD\u003c/a>. Profits raised through the tourism are directed towards enforcement or conservation but just as important, local jobs are created. Some of these jobs go to the very people who once harvested or poached the animals after protective laws were established. In Baja, Grey Whale Expeditions lead by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acs-sfbay.org/index.html\">American Cetacean Society\u003c/a> or events lead by local naturalists of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocr.org/\">Ocean Conservation Society\u003c/a> allow people an enjoyable first hand experience and provides a valuable economic influx to areas without other options outside of fishing.\u003cbr>\nLast year I accompanied a sea turtle operation lead through \u003ca href=\"http://www.seeturtles.org/\">SEE Turtles\u003c/a> tagging and tracking sea turtles in Baja. \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/KWvGVZTyQmY\">The tourists\u003c/a> benefit from hands on experience and learn about the ecology of the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guides benefit by employment. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaturtles.org/\">turtle populations\u003c/a> benefit by more eyes and hearts looking out for their population. Scientists benefit through more data provided by the citizen scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Valuable Alive the Dead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the terrestrial analogue, shark watching operations have experienced a few glitches along the way. These include an over saturation of operations in South Africa leading to overuse of chum and feed impacting the local ecology, altering the shark’s behavior, impacts of sharks with cages and boats and allegations of increased shark attacks. Some non-cage operations in the Bahamas have lead to the accidental death of photographers by Tiger sharks. This has lead to serious restrictions/elimination of chumming and shark/object interactions. However, through government and self regulation my experience at the Farallones and Guadalupe Island is that operators are cleaning up their acts and working for shark conservation. Increasingly via first- hand experience people are observing the beauty and power of sharks, and understanding their importance through shark and shark cage diving. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatwhiteadventures.com/farallon_details.html\">white shark watching\u003c/a> occurs off the Farallon Islands under permit by the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary requiring trained naturalists and using strict best watching practices. Many countries like Palau and the Bahamas are banning not only shark finning, but all shark fishing and are benefiting form shark tourism. Sharks are worth more alive than dead. A recent study on the economics of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/science/earth/02shark.html\">shark tourism\u003c/a> suggests one reef shark may bring up to two million dollars in its lifetime through tourism.\u003cbr>\nOn my recent trip to Guadalupe Island, the crew was entirely Mexican and their families helped with activities like provisioning and the vessel preparation. We also helped a local shark scientist \u003ca href=\"http://www.tiburonblanco.org/aboutus.html\">Mauricio Hoyos\u003c/a> who is engaged in research on the island, and the cage operators contribute to his non profit Tiburon Blanco. Our international team of divers were as amazed by the beauty of the sharks as they were incredulous of the travesty sharks are experiencing worldwide. Each walked away with increased respect both for the majesty of the shark and also for the need to protect them. In our home waters, white sharks are returning to the Sanctuary after migrating thousands of miles and tourists are starting to head west to visit them. We call it \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/news/sharktober-celebrating-sharks/\">Sharktober\u003c/a> and all month Sea Stewards and partners will be celebrating sharks and all wildlife. More on learning about and celebrating the shark can be found at \u003ca href=\"http://www.seastewards.org/\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let sharks live.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/WSAngle.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/WSAngle-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"WSAngle\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-25893\">\u003c/a>The shark slides effortlessly upwards, the gunmetal back blending imperceptibly from the backdrop of the deep blue sea. It isn’t until the animal turns sideways, revealing the broad fin and the great white grin that I realize a white shark is upon me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time I visited Guadalupe Island-aka The Island of the great white shark-was under sail in the early nineteen eighties. A rugged and desert island one hundred fifty miles off the coast of Baja California, the island itself was then only inhabited by goats and a fish camp. The deepwater anchorage provided little shelter from the swell and above water the island felt remote and spooky. But beneath the surface I experienced a rich marine ecosystem from abalone to giant kelp to Guadalupe Fur Seals. During that voyage we didn’t experience a white shark, but on a recent last trip aboard a Mexican ecotourism boat we experienced five in one dive. Like the Farrallon Islands off San Francisco, Guadalupe is as an aggregation site for white sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week I joined four Italian photographers, three Japanese and six Americans on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jTtKDFYkWw&feature=youtu.be\">Mexican Shark watching vessel\u003c/a> to enter cages and experience what it is like to be in the water with a great white shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All trained SCUBA divers, I was surprised at how little my fellow passengers- all educated and experienced divers- knew about sharks, threats to sharks and shark conservation. During our five days aboard I was able to raise awareness via video and shorts talks peppered by the real action in the water. Seeing a white shark swim is like nothing else and the sharks made a clear impression on us all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can look at the statistics. For example, millions of sharks are killed each year for their fins. Countless millions of others harks are killed as bycatch in longline fishery. As many as ninety percent of some pelagic sharks are now missing from the ocean, and one third of these are on the IUCN Red List and threatened with extinction. Great white sharks are one of the few species internationally protected with trade restrictions, yet white shark fins are coveted and the Pacific population hovers around 1000 individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet sharks get a bad rap. My colleague at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, Dr. John McCosker points out that in the last one hundred years, there have been round 100 white shark attacks in our State waters, with a 10% fatality. The odds of getting killed (if you even enter the water) are greater by simply crossing the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many people actually ever get to see a white shark?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistics pale when watching a white shark swim. You are left with the feeling that these sharks belong and we are the interlopers. Unless we reconsider our views on sharks, white sharks could easily go extinct in our lifetimes. But tourists like these might hold the hope. Click, click, the shutters fire as sharks swim past an arm’s reach. Click click fire the synapses as the mind wonders at the size and power of this amazingly adapted beast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interacting with wildlife, especially top predators can be thrilling, but can it also be dangerous.\u003cbr>\nWildlife tourism has been long established in the terrestrial environment, but not without problems. Animals and tourists have been killed through negligence and greed. Eventually, guidelines have been established in many regions to protect both the tourists and the wildlife such as tigers and elephants from harm. Many have strict rules like the tours lead through \u003ca href=\"http://www.seethewild.org/57/see-wild-cats.html\">SEEtheWILD\u003c/a>. Profits raised through the tourism are directed towards enforcement or conservation but just as important, local jobs are created. Some of these jobs go to the very people who once harvested or poached the animals after protective laws were established. In Baja, Grey Whale Expeditions lead by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acs-sfbay.org/index.html\">American Cetacean Society\u003c/a> or events lead by local naturalists of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocr.org/\">Ocean Conservation Society\u003c/a> allow people an enjoyable first hand experience and provides a valuable economic influx to areas without other options outside of fishing.\u003cbr>\nLast year I accompanied a sea turtle operation lead through \u003ca href=\"http://www.seeturtles.org/\">SEE Turtles\u003c/a> tagging and tracking sea turtles in Baja. \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/KWvGVZTyQmY\">The tourists\u003c/a> benefit from hands on experience and learn about the ecology of the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guides benefit by employment. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaturtles.org/\">turtle populations\u003c/a> benefit by more eyes and hearts looking out for their population. Scientists benefit through more data provided by the citizen scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Valuable Alive the Dead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the terrestrial analogue, shark watching operations have experienced a few glitches along the way. These include an over saturation of operations in South Africa leading to overuse of chum and feed impacting the local ecology, altering the shark’s behavior, impacts of sharks with cages and boats and allegations of increased shark attacks. Some non-cage operations in the Bahamas have lead to the accidental death of photographers by Tiger sharks. This has lead to serious restrictions/elimination of chumming and shark/object interactions. However, through government and self regulation my experience at the Farallones and Guadalupe Island is that operators are cleaning up their acts and working for shark conservation. Increasingly via first- hand experience people are observing the beauty and power of sharks, and understanding their importance through shark and shark cage diving. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatwhiteadventures.com/farallon_details.html\">white shark watching\u003c/a> occurs off the Farallon Islands under permit by the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary requiring trained naturalists and using strict best watching practices. Many countries like Palau and the Bahamas are banning not only shark finning, but all shark fishing and are benefiting form shark tourism. Sharks are worth more alive than dead. A recent study on the economics of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/science/earth/02shark.html\">shark tourism\u003c/a> suggests one reef shark may bring up to two million dollars in its lifetime through tourism.\u003cbr>\nOn my recent trip to Guadalupe Island, the crew was entirely Mexican and their families helped with activities like provisioning and the vessel preparation. We also helped a local shark scientist \u003ca href=\"http://www.tiburonblanco.org/aboutus.html\">Mauricio Hoyos\u003c/a> who is engaged in research on the island, and the cage operators contribute to his non profit Tiburon Blanco. Our international team of divers were as amazed by the beauty of the sharks as they were incredulous of the travesty sharks are experiencing worldwide. Each walked away with increased respect both for the majesty of the shark and also for the need to protect them. In our home waters, white sharks are returning to the Sanctuary after migrating thousands of miles and tourists are starting to head west to visit them. We call it \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/news/sharktober-celebrating-sharks/\">Sharktober\u003c/a> and all month Sea Stewards and partners will be celebrating sharks and all wildlife. More on learning about and celebrating the shark can be found at \u003ca href=\"http://www.seastewards.org/\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/10/sequencing-within-reach/costofgenome/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25788\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CostofGenome\" width=\"640\" height=\"432\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-25788\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome-400x270.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>As you can see from the graph, the cost of figuring out what someone’s DNA looks like is dropping like a stone. You can get your DNA sequenced for somewhere between 10 and 20 thousand dollars. When I started \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/11/26/getting-to-know-your-dna/\">writing this blog\u003c/a> back in 2007, it would cost you around 350 thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it is even cheaper than this if you want to focus on just your genes. 23andMe is offering that \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/exome/\">very service\u003c/a> for less than 1,000 dollars. Your DNA is finally within your grasp! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drop in price is great news for scientists. They can now get more DNA sequenced for less money. This is driving genetics forward at breakneck speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will probably also be great news for patients. For example, in the near future cancer patients will get the DNA in their tumors sequenced so they get prescribed the right medicine. We aren’t there yet, but if costs keep dropping, we will be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For casual consumers, though, affordable DNA sequencing is much less useful. In fact, it might even make a difficult situation worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now we can get the results of a million or so of our bits of DNA. Some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/snps.html\">SNPs\u003c/a> are within genes and some are outside of genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These SNPs have been looked at in lots of experiments. This means we have at least some idea about how each relates to various diseases. The same won’t be true of the new data that will be made available to you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are going to be changes in your genes that scientists haven’t seen before. And in many cases they won’t be able to tell you whether a certain change matters or not. You will end up with a bunch of differences for which there is little or no information. If you’re a worrier, this is going to cause problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s take an easy example, cystic fibrosis (CF). Most of the time CF is caused by one or more of a defined set of DNA differences in the CFTR gene. Genetic testing now looks for changes known to cause CF. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, CFTR is a gene with a lot of changes, many of which have no effect. What this means is that many of us will have differences in our CFTR gene that haven’t been seen before. Will they cause cystic fibrosis? For many differences, we won’t know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This information may ultimately be helpful for scientists if they find enough people with particular differences. But it may not be that helpful to you. In fact, if you’re a worrier, you may be unnecessarily concerned about your kids ending up with CF because of your unique version of the CFTR gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is the easy example. Other diseases happen when many different gene versions all work together in a certain way. Some combinations of these gene versions will lead to disease or increased risk of disease and some won’t. If you pile on enough genes, you suddenly have so many combinations that it becomes very difficult to make any really predictions with only a few people’s DNA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now I think it is safe to say that with genetics, we have lots of data but little understanding. To increase our understanding of human genetics, everyone should probably throw their DNA into the ring for scientists to study. The question is when do you want to know the results of what scientists are finding. At an early stage when everything is muddled or at a more defined, later stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"420\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/5raJePXu0OQ\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/10/sequencing-within-reach/costofgenome/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25788\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CostofGenome\" width=\"640\" height=\"432\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-25788\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome-400x270.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>As you can see from the graph, the cost of figuring out what someone’s DNA looks like is dropping like a stone. You can get your DNA sequenced for somewhere between 10 and 20 thousand dollars. When I started \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/11/26/getting-to-know-your-dna/\">writing this blog\u003c/a> back in 2007, it would cost you around 350 thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it is even cheaper than this if you want to focus on just your genes. 23andMe is offering that \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/exome/\">very service\u003c/a> for less than 1,000 dollars. Your DNA is finally within your grasp! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drop in price is great news for scientists. They can now get more DNA sequenced for less money. This is driving genetics forward at breakneck speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will probably also be great news for patients. For example, in the near future cancer patients will get the DNA in their tumors sequenced so they get prescribed the right medicine. We aren’t there yet, but if costs keep dropping, we will be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For casual consumers, though, affordable DNA sequencing is much less useful. In fact, it might even make a difficult situation worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now we can get the results of a million or so of our bits of DNA. Some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/snps.html\">SNPs\u003c/a> are within genes and some are outside of genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These SNPs have been looked at in lots of experiments. This means we have at least some idea about how each relates to various diseases. The same won’t be true of the new data that will be made available to you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are going to be changes in your genes that scientists haven’t seen before. And in many cases they won’t be able to tell you whether a certain change matters or not. You will end up with a bunch of differences for which there is little or no information. If you’re a worrier, this is going to cause problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s take an easy example, cystic fibrosis (CF). Most of the time CF is caused by one or more of a defined set of DNA differences in the CFTR gene. Genetic testing now looks for changes known to cause CF. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, CFTR is a gene with a lot of changes, many of which have no effect. What this means is that many of us will have differences in our CFTR gene that haven’t been seen before. Will they cause cystic fibrosis? For many differences, we won’t know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This information may ultimately be helpful for scientists if they find enough people with particular differences. But it may not be that helpful to you. In fact, if you’re a worrier, you may be unnecessarily concerned about your kids ending up with CF because of your unique version of the CFTR gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is the easy example. Other diseases happen when many different gene versions all work together in a certain way. Some combinations of these gene versions will lead to disease or increased risk of disease and some won’t. If you pile on enough genes, you suddenly have so many combinations that it becomes very difficult to make any really predictions with only a few people’s DNA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now I think it is safe to say that with genetics, we have lots of data but little understanding. To increase our understanding of human genetics, everyone should probably throw their DNA into the ring for scientists to study. The question is when do you want to know the results of what scientists are finding. At an early stage when everything is muddled or at a more defined, later stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"420\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/5raJePXu0OQ\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In a Sea of Energy Data, Utilities Try to Inspire Conservation",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/10/2011-10-10-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25820\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Smart-home-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25820\" title=\"Smart-home-640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Smart-home-640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \"smart\" demonstration home set up by Southern California Edison. (Photo: Lauren Sommer)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's electric utilities have installed more than 11 million smart meters in homes and businesses around the state. Which means for the first time, customers can see how much electricity they're using every hour, instead of once-a-month when the bill comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers use less energy, studies have shown, when they can see that real-time data. But getting customers to pay attention in the first place may be the biggest hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital smart meters provide a stream of energy use data, which industry analysts say has the potential to remake our homes. That's evident just outside of Los Angeles, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.sce.com/default.htm\">Southern California Edison\u003c/a> has set up a \"smart\" demonstration home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Above us we have photovoltaic solar panels to the left used for generating electricity and a solar thermal water heating system,\" says Cynthia Miller as she leads a tour of the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.sce.com/b-sb/energy-centers/ctac/tour-ctac/smart-energy-experience.htm\">Smart Energy Experience\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You might notice that we have some nice appliances,\" she says, pointing to the kitchen. The house is a green gadget-lovers dream. There's an electric car in the garage, LED lights, and a \"smart\" washing machine that communicates with the dryer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're able to talk to each other so the washer can tell the dryer what its washing and the dryer can determine the optimal heat setting for that particular load of laundry,\" Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a small screen in the kitchen that shows how much power the house is using at any given moment. Miller demonstrates what happens when you turn the toaster on. \"And we'll see a jump here... and there we go. The jump happened and it's 1.7 kilowatts at 41 cents per hour.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real intelligence of this house is its ability to communicate with the electric grid through its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdge.com/smartmeter/homeAreaNetwork.shtml\">Home Area Network\u003c/a>. So on a hot summer day, when SCE is cranking out power, the utility could send a message to your house that kicks your home into conservation mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You notice my lights have dimmed, the ceiling fan turned on, the shades are coming down,\" says Miller. The thermostat turns up to 73 degrees and the air-conditioning shuts off. SCE would offer this as a voluntary program with financial incentives to sweeten the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, what we anticipate is the awareness is really going to drive a change in behavior for our customers because this information is compelling,\" says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Swimming in a Sea of Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, our homes today aren't quite as advanced. That's evident every time I log into my \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\">PG&E SmartMeter account\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25873\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/PGE-current21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25873\" title=\"PGE current2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/PGE-current21.jpg\" alt=\"My home energy use on PG&E's website.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My home energy use on PG&E's website.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My account shows charts of my home's daily and hourly energy use. But, for the average consumer like me, it doesn't tell me a lot. I see a few spikes in the chart where clearly my husband and I used more electricity, but what caused it? Neither of us could figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For most people, including for me, that really is not very useful information,\" says Jim Sweeney, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://peec.stanford.edu/index.php\">Precourt Energy Efficiency Center\u003c/a> at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that consumers reduce their energy use by as much as 10 percent when they have smart meter data like mine. Sweeney says they also studied that with a group of Google employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The results have been very disappointing. In the first month, there was a significant reduction of energy use, but by end of three or four months, they were back to the same amount. This becomes an interesting toy or gimmick for people at first, but then they get tired of doing it and they revert right back to the old behavior patterns,\" Sweeney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No One Said Change Was Easy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney says using electricity in our homes is a lot like going grocery shopping in a store with no price tags. \"There are flank steak and chuck steak and hamburger. But you've never seen a price tag ever in a grocery store. How good a shopper would you be with that little information?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are reasons to pay attention to energy, whether it's to reduce your carbon footprint or save money on your utility bill. But even though electricity may seem expensive, Sweeney says it's only a small part of the average household's income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use 2.3 percent of our disposable personal income for electricity, natural gas and all other energy in the house. So if you have work hard to save that, you're probably not going to do it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney believes the key is to attach a price tag to the decisions we make the second we make them. So, if you turn up your air conditioning, the thermostat tells you how much more you're spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology to do that isn't far away. Today's smart meters already have the capability to talk to your house through a home area network. The California Public Utilities Commission also \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/published/News_release/140316.htm\">recently ruled\u003c/a> that utilities must make customers' energy use data available to third-party companies that sell home energy management systems, if a customer purchases one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But utilities have a long way to go to get customers to think this way. Only 20 percent of PG&E customers have set up online accounts. And according to one study, consumers interact with their utilities for only six minutes a year on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clean Tech Companies Search for the Secret Recipe\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to get it right when we have those six minutes,\" says Dan Yates, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://opower.com/\">Opower\u003c/a>, a smart grid technology company that's trying to find the secret sauce of behavioral change. PG&E has hired Opower to redesign the website I was looking at. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">Check out a preview here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People don't want data, they want insights. So, I always joke that my mom is my litmus test. And I know that she would never spend a minute looking at raw energy data. But what she would love to find out is that her freezer is very energy intensive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with other utilities, Opower says their program has helped households cut their energy use by one to three percent and the change sticks. They do that by showing customers how their energy use compares to similar homes in their neighborhood. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">More about what motivates us\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not shame. It is really just recognizing an addressable opportunity to reduce usage. And then when you start to have people's attention, the key comes down to have relevant, targeting insights,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yates says for utilities that are used to dealing with hardware, working with behavioral science is a new challenge. But it's one with the potential to remake the way we consume energy. PG&E's redesigned SmartMeter website will be available by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Smart meters are providing California households with their hourly and daily energy use information for the first time. Consumers use less electricity, studies have shown, when they can see that data. But getting them to pay attention to energy in the first place may be the biggest hurdle.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/10/2011-10-10-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25820\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Smart-home-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25820\" title=\"Smart-home-640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Smart-home-640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \"smart\" demonstration home set up by Southern California Edison. (Photo: Lauren Sommer)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's electric utilities have installed more than 11 million smart meters in homes and businesses around the state. Which means for the first time, customers can see how much electricity they're using every hour, instead of once-a-month when the bill comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers use less energy, studies have shown, when they can see that real-time data. But getting customers to pay attention in the first place may be the biggest hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital smart meters provide a stream of energy use data, which industry analysts say has the potential to remake our homes. That's evident just outside of Los Angeles, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.sce.com/default.htm\">Southern California Edison\u003c/a> has set up a \"smart\" demonstration home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Above us we have photovoltaic solar panels to the left used for generating electricity and a solar thermal water heating system,\" says Cynthia Miller as she leads a tour of the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.sce.com/b-sb/energy-centers/ctac/tour-ctac/smart-energy-experience.htm\">Smart Energy Experience\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You might notice that we have some nice appliances,\" she says, pointing to the kitchen. The house is a green gadget-lovers dream. There's an electric car in the garage, LED lights, and a \"smart\" washing machine that communicates with the dryer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're able to talk to each other so the washer can tell the dryer what its washing and the dryer can determine the optimal heat setting for that particular load of laundry,\" Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a small screen in the kitchen that shows how much power the house is using at any given moment. Miller demonstrates what happens when you turn the toaster on. \"And we'll see a jump here... and there we go. The jump happened and it's 1.7 kilowatts at 41 cents per hour.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real intelligence of this house is its ability to communicate with the electric grid through its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdge.com/smartmeter/homeAreaNetwork.shtml\">Home Area Network\u003c/a>. So on a hot summer day, when SCE is cranking out power, the utility could send a message to your house that kicks your home into conservation mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You notice my lights have dimmed, the ceiling fan turned on, the shades are coming down,\" says Miller. The thermostat turns up to 73 degrees and the air-conditioning shuts off. SCE would offer this as a voluntary program with financial incentives to sweeten the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, what we anticipate is the awareness is really going to drive a change in behavior for our customers because this information is compelling,\" says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Swimming in a Sea of Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, our homes today aren't quite as advanced. That's evident every time I log into my \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\">PG&E SmartMeter account\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25873\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/PGE-current21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25873\" title=\"PGE current2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/PGE-current21.jpg\" alt=\"My home energy use on PG&E's website.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My home energy use on PG&E's website.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My account shows charts of my home's daily and hourly energy use. But, for the average consumer like me, it doesn't tell me a lot. I see a few spikes in the chart where clearly my husband and I used more electricity, but what caused it? Neither of us could figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For most people, including for me, that really is not very useful information,\" says Jim Sweeney, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://peec.stanford.edu/index.php\">Precourt Energy Efficiency Center\u003c/a> at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that consumers reduce their energy use by as much as 10 percent when they have smart meter data like mine. Sweeney says they also studied that with a group of Google employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The results have been very disappointing. In the first month, there was a significant reduction of energy use, but by end of three or four months, they were back to the same amount. This becomes an interesting toy or gimmick for people at first, but then they get tired of doing it and they revert right back to the old behavior patterns,\" Sweeney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No One Said Change Was Easy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney says using electricity in our homes is a lot like going grocery shopping in a store with no price tags. \"There are flank steak and chuck steak and hamburger. But you've never seen a price tag ever in a grocery store. How good a shopper would you be with that little information?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are reasons to pay attention to energy, whether it's to reduce your carbon footprint or save money on your utility bill. But even though electricity may seem expensive, Sweeney says it's only a small part of the average household's income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use 2.3 percent of our disposable personal income for electricity, natural gas and all other energy in the house. So if you have work hard to save that, you're probably not going to do it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney believes the key is to attach a price tag to the decisions we make the second we make them. So, if you turn up your air conditioning, the thermostat tells you how much more you're spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology to do that isn't far away. Today's smart meters already have the capability to talk to your house through a home area network. The California Public Utilities Commission also \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/published/News_release/140316.htm\">recently ruled\u003c/a> that utilities must make customers' energy use data available to third-party companies that sell home energy management systems, if a customer purchases one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But utilities have a long way to go to get customers to think this way. Only 20 percent of PG&E customers have set up online accounts. And according to one study, consumers interact with their utilities for only six minutes a year on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clean Tech Companies Search for the Secret Recipe\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to get it right when we have those six minutes,\" says Dan Yates, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://opower.com/\">Opower\u003c/a>, a smart grid technology company that's trying to find the secret sauce of behavioral change. PG&E has hired Opower to redesign the website I was looking at. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">Check out a preview here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People don't want data, they want insights. So, I always joke that my mom is my litmus test. And I know that she would never spend a minute looking at raw energy data. But what she would love to find out is that her freezer is very energy intensive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with other utilities, Opower says their program has helped households cut their energy use by one to three percent and the change sticks. They do that by showing customers how their energy use compares to similar homes in their neighborhood. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">More about what motivates us\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not shame. It is really just recognizing an addressable opportunity to reduce usage. And then when you start to have people's attention, the key comes down to have relevant, targeting insights,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25737\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/dumpster-diving-on-mars/galecrater7a/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25737\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a.jpg\" alt=\"Gale Crater on Mars\" title=\"Gale Crater on Mars\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25737\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gale Crater, the destination for NASA's new rover Curiosity. Credit: NASA, Google Earth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ready for yet another great Martian adventure? Another prestigious interplanetary mission to that fabled world? The next technological ambassadorship of space-age robots and exotic landscapes? Or, how about an inglorious romp to go dumpster diving to sift through a pile of geological garbage…?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, get set; on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20110928.html\">November 25th the launch window opens\u003c/a> for NASA’s next Mars rover, “Curiosity,” which will arrive over yonder next August. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inglorious dumpster diving? What’s NASA got planned this time, anyway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: Gale Crater, a large impact blast about 1400 miles to the west of Gusev Crater, where the rover Spirit now sits motionless—and incommunicado—in its last rusting place. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I heard that Curiosity was bound for Gale Crater, my first impulse was to start up Google Earth, switch to Mars mode, and zoom in on Gale Crater for a landing to see, at least superficially, what might be of interest there to an explorer. (You can do this too; download Google Earth at \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/earth\">www.google.com/earth\u003c/a>, select Mars, and search for Gale Crater.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My first Google-vista of Gale, which included several overlaid strips of high-resolution imagery from the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/news/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=968\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a> (MRO), hinted that there may be a LOT of interest here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gale Crater, about 90 miles across, sports a really large mountain right in the middle—mostly filling the bowl, in fact. The mountain, whose peak rises around 2700 feet above average Martian surface level (can’t say sea level there…not in the present day, at least), towers 3 miles above the deepest part of the crater surrounding it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I zoomed in on an MRO overlay of a canyon high on the mountain, finding what looks like layered deposits exposed by whatever cutting action had carved the canyon in the past. The landscape I find there is stunning, the details rich. I almost feel as though I’ve stood where Curiosity is soon to tread. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover will be set down by a sort of rocket-propelled winch, lowered gently to the base of the mountain where an alluvial fan promises potential riches. Not wind-worn pebbles of solid gold, not fist-sized chunks of diamond—well, probably not—but rather the riches of dirt that may have been deposited there by the action of water. A dumpster of chemical, geological, and potentially biological history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons Gale Crater was chosen as Curiosity’s destination is that it is a deep, low-altitude impact crater, situated at a “downhill” destination where water, if indeed it did flow on Mars long ago, is very likely to have converged, dumping all sorts of soil, rock, and whatever else might have come along for the ride. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity carries ten instruments designed to conduct a range of measurements, including chemical analysis of soil and rock samples in search of organic compounds that may have been preserved. Where Curiosity’s predecessors, Spirit and Opportunity, have looked for the chemical signs of past water to help tell us whether Mars was ever hospital to life, Curiosity will look for the leftovers of life itself. And in the bottom-lands of Gale Crater, at the foot of a huge mountain from which the rubble of layer upon layer of history has been scoured, it will be in a really good place to do it.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25737\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/dumpster-diving-on-mars/galecrater7a/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25737\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a.jpg\" alt=\"Gale Crater on Mars\" title=\"Gale Crater on Mars\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25737\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gale Crater, the destination for NASA's new rover Curiosity. Credit: NASA, Google Earth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ready for yet another great Martian adventure? Another prestigious interplanetary mission to that fabled world? The next technological ambassadorship of space-age robots and exotic landscapes? Or, how about an inglorious romp to go dumpster diving to sift through a pile of geological garbage…?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, get set; on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20110928.html\">November 25th the launch window opens\u003c/a> for NASA’s next Mars rover, “Curiosity,” which will arrive over yonder next August. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inglorious dumpster diving? What’s NASA got planned this time, anyway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: Gale Crater, a large impact blast about 1400 miles to the west of Gusev Crater, where the rover Spirit now sits motionless—and incommunicado—in its last rusting place. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I heard that Curiosity was bound for Gale Crater, my first impulse was to start up Google Earth, switch to Mars mode, and zoom in on Gale Crater for a landing to see, at least superficially, what might be of interest there to an explorer. (You can do this too; download Google Earth at \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/earth\">www.google.com/earth\u003c/a>, select Mars, and search for Gale Crater.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My first Google-vista of Gale, which included several overlaid strips of high-resolution imagery from the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/news/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=968\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a> (MRO), hinted that there may be a LOT of interest here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gale Crater, about 90 miles across, sports a really large mountain right in the middle—mostly filling the bowl, in fact. The mountain, whose peak rises around 2700 feet above average Martian surface level (can’t say sea level there…not in the present day, at least), towers 3 miles above the deepest part of the crater surrounding it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I zoomed in on an MRO overlay of a canyon high on the mountain, finding what looks like layered deposits exposed by whatever cutting action had carved the canyon in the past. The landscape I find there is stunning, the details rich. I almost feel as though I’ve stood where Curiosity is soon to tread. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover will be set down by a sort of rocket-propelled winch, lowered gently to the base of the mountain where an alluvial fan promises potential riches. Not wind-worn pebbles of solid gold, not fist-sized chunks of diamond—well, probably not—but rather the riches of dirt that may have been deposited there by the action of water. A dumpster of chemical, geological, and potentially biological history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons Gale Crater was chosen as Curiosity’s destination is that it is a deep, low-altitude impact crater, situated at a “downhill” destination where water, if indeed it did flow on Mars long ago, is very likely to have converged, dumping all sorts of soil, rock, and whatever else might have come along for the ride. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity carries ten instruments designed to conduct a range of measurements, including chemical analysis of soil and rock samples in search of organic compounds that may have been preserved. Where Curiosity’s predecessors, Spirit and Opportunity, have looked for the chemical signs of past water to help tell us whether Mars was ever hospital to life, Curiosity will look for the leftovers of life itself. And in the bottom-lands of Gale Crater, at the foot of a huge mountain from which the rubble of layer upon layer of history has been scoured, it will be in a really good place to do it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Pinole and the Hayward fault",
"title": "Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Pinole and the Hayward fault",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoletop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25658\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoletop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25658\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hayward fault separates tidal marsh and coastal grassland at Point Pinole Regional Park just north of Richmond. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hayward fault threatens a lot of people and structures as it runs straight through the East Bay. But at its northern end, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_pinole\">Point Pinole Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, the fault can be walked and traced across open land with trees and grass. You can imagine the fault's biggest earthquake, a magnitude 7.5 event, doing little more than knocking you on your butt there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinole Point is a gently rolling peninsula that points north-northwest into San Pablo Bay. It's underlain by 10-million-year-old gravelly sandstone of the Orinda Formation, but much more recent changes in sea level have left it draped in Pleistocene sediments, old soils and offshore peat beds. Still more recently the point was the home of an explosives manufacturer from 1881 to 1960. The East Bay Regional Park District bought the land in 1972, and today it's a nice place to stroll, run, ride, fish, picnic and geologize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the point is wooded, but the forest is exclusively eucalyptus, planted during the tree's heyday to help muffle the noise of explosives manufacturing and no doubt to provide shade. You can walk off the path easily when your curiosity beckons, and the light is beautiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoleforest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25663\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoleforest\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25663\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest-400x293.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see the green woods in this Google Earth view of the point, along with the mapped fault trace. Note that the park is named Point Pinole, but the point itself is Pinole Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolesat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25667\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolesat\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25667\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat-400x219.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frame grab from the US Geological Survey's {link url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/haywardfault/}Hayward Fault Tour{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But let's peek under the trees with the lidar digital elevation model. (I showed you \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">lidar imagery of the San Gregorio fault\u003c/a> a couple months ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25661\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoledem/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25661\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoledem.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoledem\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25661\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data from {link url=http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/gridsphere/gridsphere?cid=otgoogleearth}OpenTopography{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fault crosses the railroad tracks at the south (right) edge, skirts the edge of the coastal marsh and traverses the west side of the point until it runs offshore into San Pablo Bay. (It's been traced most of the way across the bay, but it dies out as seismic motion steps eastward to the Rodgers Creek fault in the North Bay.) The maps at the park show a different line, which is incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo at the top of this post looks straight down the fault trace from the southern marshland toward the train tracks. The next photo below is looking north up the fault trace; on the lidar image it's where the fault trace, displaced west by a large landslide, returns to its straight track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-fault-trace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25662\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-fault-trace\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25662\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grass was very tall here when I visited (goats will clean it up this winter), so the going was a bit hard. But it's quiet here off the trails, and I can recommend it as a place to meditate on the fault. The hollows along the break in slope all were much greener than the surrounding ground because faults tend to block the movement of groundwater. Very near here is where a trench was dug across the fault, one of several such scientific dissections made on the point in recent years. You can follow the fault north for a ways through the woods, but eventually it reaches the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolebeach/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25659\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolebeach\" width=\"600\" height=\"396\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25659\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslides triggered by wave erosion have disturbed the western bluffs nearly everywhere on this part of the point, but where I was standing is as close as can be to where the fault meets the coast. As researcher Glenn Borchardt puts it, \"the erosion produces seasonal changes in the exposure, so some lucky earth scientist or astute passerby may be the first to see the landward end of the fault.\" In the 1980s, a trench dug here in the surf zone revealed serpentinite on one side of the fault and mudstone on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you go farther north along the trail here, the bluffs grow quite high. The material they expose is coarse gravel, and the larger stones in the surf zone have an entertaining variety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-bluff/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25660\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-bluff\" width=\"600\" height=\"367\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25660\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff-400x245.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the point itself, the ground surface appears to be uplifted and tilted eastward. This is not unexpected around a major fault, but I have not seen anything documented about it. If you go out on the fishing pier at Pinole Point and look back, the tilt looks obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolepoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25666\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolepoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"336\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25666\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look all the way around while you're there; Pinole Point is uncommonly peaceful and remote while being in the center of a lot of North Bay landmarks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the scenery at Point Pinole Park really shows the threat of the Hayward fault. But just south of the park is the Parchester Village neighborhood, a cookie-cutter of 1950-vintage suburbia planted right on the fault. There, just as clearly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">as in downtown Hayward\u003c/a>, you can see the classic signs of aseismic creep slowly tearing apart the homes, lots and pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-parchester/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25664\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-parchester\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25664\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements show that the fault is moving around 5 millimeters a year there. Only our human encroachments reveal the ongoing action of the tectonic plates that brings the next big Hayward fault quake closer every day.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoletop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25658\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoletop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25658\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hayward fault separates tidal marsh and coastal grassland at Point Pinole Regional Park just north of Richmond. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hayward fault threatens a lot of people and structures as it runs straight through the East Bay. But at its northern end, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_pinole\">Point Pinole Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, the fault can be walked and traced across open land with trees and grass. You can imagine the fault's biggest earthquake, a magnitude 7.5 event, doing little more than knocking you on your butt there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinole Point is a gently rolling peninsula that points north-northwest into San Pablo Bay. It's underlain by 10-million-year-old gravelly sandstone of the Orinda Formation, but much more recent changes in sea level have left it draped in Pleistocene sediments, old soils and offshore peat beds. Still more recently the point was the home of an explosives manufacturer from 1881 to 1960. The East Bay Regional Park District bought the land in 1972, and today it's a nice place to stroll, run, ride, fish, picnic and geologize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the point is wooded, but the forest is exclusively eucalyptus, planted during the tree's heyday to help muffle the noise of explosives manufacturing and no doubt to provide shade. You can walk off the path easily when your curiosity beckons, and the light is beautiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoleforest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25663\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoleforest\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25663\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest-400x293.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see the green woods in this Google Earth view of the point, along with the mapped fault trace. Note that the park is named Point Pinole, but the point itself is Pinole Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolesat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25667\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolesat\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25667\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat-400x219.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frame grab from the US Geological Survey's {link url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/haywardfault/}Hayward Fault Tour{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But let's peek under the trees with the lidar digital elevation model. (I showed you \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">lidar imagery of the San Gregorio fault\u003c/a> a couple months ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25661\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoledem/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25661\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoledem.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoledem\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25661\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data from {link url=http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/gridsphere/gridsphere?cid=otgoogleearth}OpenTopography{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fault crosses the railroad tracks at the south (right) edge, skirts the edge of the coastal marsh and traverses the west side of the point until it runs offshore into San Pablo Bay. (It's been traced most of the way across the bay, but it dies out as seismic motion steps eastward to the Rodgers Creek fault in the North Bay.) The maps at the park show a different line, which is incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo at the top of this post looks straight down the fault trace from the southern marshland toward the train tracks. The next photo below is looking north up the fault trace; on the lidar image it's where the fault trace, displaced west by a large landslide, returns to its straight track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-fault-trace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25662\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-fault-trace\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25662\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grass was very tall here when I visited (goats will clean it up this winter), so the going was a bit hard. But it's quiet here off the trails, and I can recommend it as a place to meditate on the fault. The hollows along the break in slope all were much greener than the surrounding ground because faults tend to block the movement of groundwater. Very near here is where a trench was dug across the fault, one of several such scientific dissections made on the point in recent years. You can follow the fault north for a ways through the woods, but eventually it reaches the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolebeach/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25659\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolebeach\" width=\"600\" height=\"396\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25659\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslides triggered by wave erosion have disturbed the western bluffs nearly everywhere on this part of the point, but where I was standing is as close as can be to where the fault meets the coast. As researcher Glenn Borchardt puts it, \"the erosion produces seasonal changes in the exposure, so some lucky earth scientist or astute passerby may be the first to see the landward end of the fault.\" In the 1980s, a trench dug here in the surf zone revealed serpentinite on one side of the fault and mudstone on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you go farther north along the trail here, the bluffs grow quite high. The material they expose is coarse gravel, and the larger stones in the surf zone have an entertaining variety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-bluff/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25660\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-bluff\" width=\"600\" height=\"367\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25660\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff-400x245.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the point itself, the ground surface appears to be uplifted and tilted eastward. This is not unexpected around a major fault, but I have not seen anything documented about it. If you go out on the fishing pier at Pinole Point and look back, the tilt looks obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolepoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25666\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolepoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"336\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25666\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look all the way around while you're there; Pinole Point is uncommonly peaceful and remote while being in the center of a lot of North Bay landmarks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the scenery at Point Pinole Park really shows the threat of the Hayward fault. But just south of the park is the Parchester Village neighborhood, a cookie-cutter of 1950-vintage suburbia planted right on the fault. There, just as clearly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">as in downtown Hayward\u003c/a>, you can see the classic signs of aseismic creep slowly tearing apart the homes, lots and pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-parchester/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25664\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-parchester\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25664\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements show that the fault is moving around 5 millimeters a year there. Only our human encroachments reveal the ongoing action of the tectonic plates that brings the next big Hayward fault quake closer every day.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/04/science-hack-day-coming-this-november-2/beaker-wallpaper-myconfinedspace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25675\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/beaker-wallpaper-MyconfinedSpace-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"beaker\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-25675\">\u003c/a>Are you an armchair astronomer, genome enthusiast or molecular gastronomist? If so, \u003ca href=\"http://sf.sciencehackday.com/when-where/\">Science Hack Day\u003c/a> is back in San Francisco this November for science lovers of all stripes to give it their all in a 48 hour science hack fest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From November 12 - 13th, you'll spend 48 hours meeting similar minds, bringing together ideas and trying to show off your new creation at the end of it all. It's fast, furious and nonstop (and should probably be sponsored by Red Bull).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Registration is limited. You can register on its site and check out some of the cool projects being proposed for this year. They include an International Space Station Notify Globe, Hacking your Genome, Geoscience Hardware Hacks and more. Have you got a great science idea to hack on? Contribute it to the Science Hack Day \u003ca href=\"http://sciencehackday.pbworks.com/w/page/45740104/SFideas\">wiki\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/04/science-hack-day-coming-this-november-2/beaker-wallpaper-myconfinedspace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25675\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/beaker-wallpaper-MyconfinedSpace-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"beaker\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-25675\">\u003c/a>Are you an armchair astronomer, genome enthusiast or molecular gastronomist? If so, \u003ca href=\"http://sf.sciencehackday.com/when-where/\">Science Hack Day\u003c/a> is back in San Francisco this November for science lovers of all stripes to give it their all in a 48 hour science hack fest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From November 12 - 13th, you'll spend 48 hours meeting similar minds, bringing together ideas and trying to show off your new creation at the end of it all. It's fast, furious and nonstop (and should probably be sponsored by Red Bull).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Registration is limited. You can register on its site and check out some of the cool projects being proposed for this year. They include an International Space Station Notify Globe, Hacking your Genome, Geoscience Hardware Hacks and more. Have you got a great science idea to hack on? Contribute it to the Science Hack Day \u003ca href=\"http://sciencehackday.pbworks.com/w/page/45740104/SFideas\">wiki\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/abalone.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/abalone-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"abalone\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25647\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month ago, thousands of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_abalone\">abalone\u003c/a> and other invertebrates \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/09/17/BA9J1L5B8P.DTL\">washed up along the Sonoma coast\u003c/a>, killed by what people thought was probably a red tide, a.k.a. a \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/website/redtide/home\">harmful algal bloom\u003c/a>. Phytoplankton—photosynthetic organisms like algae and bacteria—can multiply in number, turning the water red with their bright-colored cells and wreaking havoc on marine organisms. An interdisciplinary team of researchers banded together to find out what was going on along the Sonoma coast. Within a few weeks, they’d figured it out: sure enough, it was a red tide.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the first time a red tide had widespread impact on wildlife along the coast of California. From Bodega Bay to Salt Point, 50 miles north, invertebrates like abalone, urchins, and gumboot chitons were affected by the red tide. I talked with Laura Rogers-Bennett, Senior Biologist Specialist with the California Department of Fish and Game and the UC Davis Wildlife Health Center, who did surveys to quantify the extent of the damage. She and her colleagues surveyed several sites and found a lot of dead abalone. At \u003ca href=\"http://rrparks.mcn.org/fortross/\">Fort Ross\u003c/a>, 30% of the abalone had died. At \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/DEFAULT.ASP?page_id=453\">Salt Point\u003c/a>, abalone mortality was 12%, and at \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Cove,_California\">Timber Cove\u003c/a>, mortality was 25%. They took tissue samples from abalone and other invertebrates, and they conducted underwater surveys to look at the geographic distribution of affected organisms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red tides can kill marine life in two ways. The first way is by depleting the oxygen in the water, during the algal bloom and during the subsequent die-off and decomposition of the phytoplankton. With low levels of oxygen in the water, marine life suffocates. Red tide events that kill through oxygen depletion have particular characteristics. They are usually small and localized—the size of a large living room, says Rogers-Bennett. They often occur in areas with very little water movement, like the back of coves, and they affect all the organisms in the area, including the fish, which either die or swim away. Recent underwater surveys indicated that this red tide was not killing via oxygen depletion. For one, the area affected was far larger than a living room. And the red tide affected organisms in multiple patches, some of which were in very exposed areas, not just the still backwaters of coves. Plus, the fish did not seem to be affected. Because of this evidence, scientists suspected the phytoplankton bloom was releasing a biotoxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To identify the biotoxin, the researchers sent water and tissue samples to Rita Horner at the University of Washington and David Crane at Fish and Game’s Office of Spill Prevention and Response. They determined that the most abundant phytoplankton species was a dinoflagellate called Gonyaulax spinifera, which releases a toxin called a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yessotoxin\">Yessotoxin\u003c/a>. However, the dinoflagellate and the toxin are poorly understood, says Rogers-Bennett. Yessotoxin was present in very low amounts—about one part per billion—and we don’t know how much toxin must be present for an organism to suffer ill effects. So we don’t know for sure whether Gonyaulax spinifera and its Yessotoxin are responsible for the death of the invertebrates, or whether the true guilty party is some other, unidentified toxin. Rogers-Bennett and her colleagues are seeking funding to do additional tests of the Yessotoxin, its toxicity, and its effects on the invertebrates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studying this red tide is a team effort, involving researchers from UC Davis, UC Santa Cruz, Sonoma State, the California Department of Public Health, and NOAA. Researchers have done bird surveys, which indicate that the toxin is not moving throughout the food web. And they’ve tested for \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/page.do?pid=14279\">toxins that affect humans\u003c/a>, but thankfully none present. Next, researchers plan to look at archived satellite images of the red tide to see how it moved throughout the area, and they want to do more extensive subtidal surveys, to learn more about the geographic pattern of its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the recent mass mortality of abalone, the Fish and Game \u003ca href=\"http://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/abalone-fishery-closure/\">closed the Sonoma abalone fishery\u003c/a> in September. Normally, recreational abalone collectors can take abalone from the coast through November, but because the population took a big hit, it needs some time to recover. Rogers-Bennett hopes that the fishery and its managers will keep this in mind as the next abalone season approaches in April. The abalone fishery is not a commercial fishery; it is illegal to buy and sell abalone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is now a new red tide off the Sonoma coast. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/abalone.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/abalone-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"abalone\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25647\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month ago, thousands of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_abalone\">abalone\u003c/a> and other invertebrates \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/09/17/BA9J1L5B8P.DTL\">washed up along the Sonoma coast\u003c/a>, killed by what people thought was probably a red tide, a.k.a. a \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/website/redtide/home\">harmful algal bloom\u003c/a>. Phytoplankton—photosynthetic organisms like algae and bacteria—can multiply in number, turning the water red with their bright-colored cells and wreaking havoc on marine organisms. An interdisciplinary team of researchers banded together to find out what was going on along the Sonoma coast. Within a few weeks, they’d figured it out: sure enough, it was a red tide.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the first time a red tide had widespread impact on wildlife along the coast of California. From Bodega Bay to Salt Point, 50 miles north, invertebrates like abalone, urchins, and gumboot chitons were affected by the red tide. I talked with Laura Rogers-Bennett, Senior Biologist Specialist with the California Department of Fish and Game and the UC Davis Wildlife Health Center, who did surveys to quantify the extent of the damage. She and her colleagues surveyed several sites and found a lot of dead abalone. At \u003ca href=\"http://rrparks.mcn.org/fortross/\">Fort Ross\u003c/a>, 30% of the abalone had died. At \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/DEFAULT.ASP?page_id=453\">Salt Point\u003c/a>, abalone mortality was 12%, and at \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Cove,_California\">Timber Cove\u003c/a>, mortality was 25%. They took tissue samples from abalone and other invertebrates, and they conducted underwater surveys to look at the geographic distribution of affected organisms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red tides can kill marine life in two ways. The first way is by depleting the oxygen in the water, during the algal bloom and during the subsequent die-off and decomposition of the phytoplankton. With low levels of oxygen in the water, marine life suffocates. Red tide events that kill through oxygen depletion have particular characteristics. They are usually small and localized—the size of a large living room, says Rogers-Bennett. They often occur in areas with very little water movement, like the back of coves, and they affect all the organisms in the area, including the fish, which either die or swim away. Recent underwater surveys indicated that this red tide was not killing via oxygen depletion. For one, the area affected was far larger than a living room. And the red tide affected organisms in multiple patches, some of which were in very exposed areas, not just the still backwaters of coves. Plus, the fish did not seem to be affected. Because of this evidence, scientists suspected the phytoplankton bloom was releasing a biotoxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To identify the biotoxin, the researchers sent water and tissue samples to Rita Horner at the University of Washington and David Crane at Fish and Game’s Office of Spill Prevention and Response. They determined that the most abundant phytoplankton species was a dinoflagellate called Gonyaulax spinifera, which releases a toxin called a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yessotoxin\">Yessotoxin\u003c/a>. However, the dinoflagellate and the toxin are poorly understood, says Rogers-Bennett. Yessotoxin was present in very low amounts—about one part per billion—and we don’t know how much toxin must be present for an organism to suffer ill effects. So we don’t know for sure whether Gonyaulax spinifera and its Yessotoxin are responsible for the death of the invertebrates, or whether the true guilty party is some other, unidentified toxin. Rogers-Bennett and her colleagues are seeking funding to do additional tests of the Yessotoxin, its toxicity, and its effects on the invertebrates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studying this red tide is a team effort, involving researchers from UC Davis, UC Santa Cruz, Sonoma State, the California Department of Public Health, and NOAA. Researchers have done bird surveys, which indicate that the toxin is not moving throughout the food web. And they’ve tested for \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/page.do?pid=14279\">toxins that affect humans\u003c/a>, but thankfully none present. Next, researchers plan to look at archived satellite images of the red tide to see how it moved throughout the area, and they want to do more extensive subtidal surveys, to learn more about the geographic pattern of its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the recent mass mortality of abalone, the Fish and Game \u003ca href=\"http://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/abalone-fishery-closure/\">closed the Sonoma abalone fishery\u003c/a> in September. Normally, recreational abalone collectors can take abalone from the coast through November, but because the population took a big hit, it needs some time to recover. Rogers-Bennett hopes that the fishery and its managers will keep this in mind as the next abalone season approaches in April. The abalone fishery is not a commercial fishery; it is illegal to buy and sell abalone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is now a new red tide off the Sonoma coast. This one, called \u003ca href=\"http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Ceratium\">Ceratium\u003c/a>, is not toxic, but it is lending the water a brownish red hue. Recent conditions have been perfect for a red tide: calm water and abundant sunshine, thanks to fog-free days. The conditions preceding last month’s deadly red tide were similar. Globally, red tides are on the rise, because of warmer sea surface temperatures and an increase nutrient in coastal waters because of human activity. However, neither of these red tides is tied to warm surface waters or higher-than-usual nutrient input. The causes of these recent red tides remain a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Clean Tech Earns Its Stripes",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/10/2011-10-03-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25574\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 354px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/BEST-101022-N-6889J-107.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-25574\" title=\"A Riverine Command Boat running on a 50/50 blend of algae-based and traditional fuel.\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/BEST-101022-N-6889J-107-354x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"354\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Riverine Command Boat running on a 50/50 blend of algae-based and traditional fuel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here's a question: Who’s the largest energy user, by far, in the United States?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: the U.S. Military. Its annual energy bill runs about $15 billion dollars a year, which is why the Department of Defense has developed a keen interest in finding other ways to meet its energy needs, including investing in alternative energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, the military has been deeply dependent on fossil fuels, which power its helicopters and ships, as well as over a hundred thousand diesel generators that keep tents air conditioned and batteries charged in places like Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the battlefield, oil can be a dangerous liability. Last year there were more than a thousand attacks on US military fuel convoys. US Navy Secretary Ray Mabus says in order to be an effective military force, you have to know what your own vulnerabilities are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the ones that rose to the top was our dependence on fossil fuels,\" says Mabus.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nThe Price -- and Opportunity -- of Instability\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fossil fuels aren't just highly flammable, they can also require doing business with the very countries the US is often in conflict with. Political instability often leads to price spikes. Take, for example, the recent conflict in Libya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Libya is a big oil producer, but not the biggest one,\" says Mabus. \"But simply the disruption in Libya caused the price of oil to go up almost $30 a barrel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's no small hiccup for an organization that consumes 300,000 barrels of oil a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even an increase of just one dollar a barrel can force a major reshuffling of funds, says Mabus. \"Every time the price of oil goes up a dollar a barrel it costs the Navy an extra $31 million in fuel costs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only place we have to get that is from our readiness account,\" he says, \"so [there are] fewer flying hours, less training.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sensitivity to price spikes has sent the military in what might seem an unlikely direction: It’s become a major investor in alternative energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phyllis Cuttino directs the clean energy program for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewenvironment.org/campaigns/pew-energy-and-climate-campaign/id/8589935316\">Pew Charitable Trusts\u003c/a> and is author of a recent report on the military and alternative energy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/reports/from-barracks-to-battlefield-clean-energy-innovation-and-americas-armed-forces-85899364060\">From Barracks to the Battlefield: Clean Energy Innovation and America's Armed Forces\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says whatever the military can do to reduce fuel use, it's doing. According to the report, over the last four years the military has tripled its investment in technologies like biofuels, solar panels, and electric vehicles, to $1.2 billion a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Defense is not doing all this work in biofuels and efficiency, for example, because they are green, or because they are environmentalists,\" says Cuttino. \"They are doing it because they want to increase effectiveness and reduce costs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Partnerships in Silicon Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been a boon for people like Bob MacDonald, the CTO and co-founder of Skyline Solar, in Mountain View, California. Skyline's solar arrays are relatively low-tech, made from off-the-shelf components and are easy to assemble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25579\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Bob-MacDonald-e1317365300647.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-25579\" title=\"Bob MacDonald helped get Skyline Solar its $1.58 million military contract\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Bob-MacDonald-e1317365300647-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob MacDonald helped get Skyline Solar its $1.58 million military contract\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, MacDonald saw that the military was looking for clean tech companies like his to partner with. He flew to Washington to present Skyline's product. He says it was a bit intimidating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a lot of brass,\" he recalls, \"literally, a lot of stripes and shoulder adornments around the table. I kept it simple. Sir, yes sir.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacDonald soon realized his audience had a lot in common with the venture capitalists he does business with out here in California. The military officials liked that Skyline's components are easy to source and that they're portable. An added benefit is the stealth effect, says MacDonald: Solar panels are a lot quieter than a diesel generator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macdonald has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pv-tech.org/news/project_focus_skyline_solar_to_deploy_two_100kw_demo_systems_on_u.s._milita\">$1.58 million contract\u003c/a> to try out his arrays on two US military bases, one in Texas, one in Southern California. If the pilot is successful, he’d like to see his systems operating overseas, powering remote bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solazyme, in South San Francisco, is also benefiting from military investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's algae-based biofuel is being tested in Seahawk helicopters, as well as Navy vessels in Virginia and other parts of the country. CEO Jonathan Wolfson says the $8 million military contract is less than a quarter of his company's revenue, but it sends a powerful message to other investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25580\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/GOOD_WOLFSON-012.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-25580\" title=\"Jonathan Wolfson is CEO of Solazyme, which produces algae-based biofuel for the US Navy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/GOOD_WOLFSON-012-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonathan Wolfson is CEO of Solazyme, which produces algae-based biofuel for the US Navy\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, eight years ago we were five people with a completely delusional dream,\" says Wolfson. \"So go from that to [being partnered with] an entity like the military, which is very, very disciplined and demands an enormous level of discipline out of its suppliers. It does really good things to help a company like Solazyme.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bridging the \"Valley of Death\" Between Innovation and the Market\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolfson says by the sheer force of its purchasing power, the military can transform a technology from cutting edge to mainstream. He points out that it's happened before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People forget that the Internet they go log onto every day was funded by the Department of Defense. They forget that the entire semiconductor industry was [built up] by they Defense Department. They were the ones that got the first orders and got the first plants built.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nThe Solyndra Effect\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, in Washington, the words “clean technology” have become \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_18887134\">a political flashpoint\u003c/a>. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/23/science/earth/23energy.html\">September 22 hearing\u003c/a> focused on the bankruptcy of Fremont-based solar panel maker Solyndra. Issa, who chairs the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee railed against the Obama Administration's investments in alternative technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Obama Administration has systematically waged a war on carbon-based energy in pursuit of new green energy,\" said Issa. \"Jobs have not been produced in a sustained fashion or in the number promised and bills of taxpayer dollars have done little to truly stimulate the economy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa and other Republicans have argued government should avoid investing in clean tech all together. And this has put Navy Secretary Mabus in a curious position: A high level military official turned into one of clean tech’s most vocal defenders. He says as the head of the US Navy, that’s his job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re doing this to become a better military, to make us better war fighters. We’re doing this as a matter of security, of energy security and national security. The fundamental purpose of our doing this is so that we will be better at the mission that the US has given us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mabus says \u003ca href=\"http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=56757\">his goal \u003c/a>is that by the year 2020, the Navy and Marine Corps will get at least half its fuel from non fossil-fuel sources.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The largest energy user in the United States is the U.S. Military. Its annual energy bill runs about $15 billion dollars a year, which is why the Department of Defense has developed a keen interest in finding other ways to meet its energy needs, including investing in alternative energy. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/10/2011-10-03-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25574\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 354px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/BEST-101022-N-6889J-107.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-25574\" title=\"A Riverine Command Boat running on a 50/50 blend of algae-based and traditional fuel.\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/BEST-101022-N-6889J-107-354x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"354\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Riverine Command Boat running on a 50/50 blend of algae-based and traditional fuel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here's a question: Who’s the largest energy user, by far, in the United States?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: the U.S. Military. Its annual energy bill runs about $15 billion dollars a year, which is why the Department of Defense has developed a keen interest in finding other ways to meet its energy needs, including investing in alternative energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, the military has been deeply dependent on fossil fuels, which power its helicopters and ships, as well as over a hundred thousand diesel generators that keep tents air conditioned and batteries charged in places like Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the battlefield, oil can be a dangerous liability. Last year there were more than a thousand attacks on US military fuel convoys. US Navy Secretary Ray Mabus says in order to be an effective military force, you have to know what your own vulnerabilities are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the ones that rose to the top was our dependence on fossil fuels,\" says Mabus.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nThe Price -- and Opportunity -- of Instability\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fossil fuels aren't just highly flammable, they can also require doing business with the very countries the US is often in conflict with. Political instability often leads to price spikes. Take, for example, the recent conflict in Libya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Libya is a big oil producer, but not the biggest one,\" says Mabus. \"But simply the disruption in Libya caused the price of oil to go up almost $30 a barrel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's no small hiccup for an organization that consumes 300,000 barrels of oil a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even an increase of just one dollar a barrel can force a major reshuffling of funds, says Mabus. \"Every time the price of oil goes up a dollar a barrel it costs the Navy an extra $31 million in fuel costs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only place we have to get that is from our readiness account,\" he says, \"so [there are] fewer flying hours, less training.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sensitivity to price spikes has sent the military in what might seem an unlikely direction: It’s become a major investor in alternative energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phyllis Cuttino directs the clean energy program for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewenvironment.org/campaigns/pew-energy-and-climate-campaign/id/8589935316\">Pew Charitable Trusts\u003c/a> and is author of a recent report on the military and alternative energy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/reports/from-barracks-to-battlefield-clean-energy-innovation-and-americas-armed-forces-85899364060\">From Barracks to the Battlefield: Clean Energy Innovation and America's Armed Forces\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says whatever the military can do to reduce fuel use, it's doing. According to the report, over the last four years the military has tripled its investment in technologies like biofuels, solar panels, and electric vehicles, to $1.2 billion a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Defense is not doing all this work in biofuels and efficiency, for example, because they are green, or because they are environmentalists,\" says Cuttino. \"They are doing it because they want to increase effectiveness and reduce costs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Partnerships in Silicon Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been a boon for people like Bob MacDonald, the CTO and co-founder of Skyline Solar, in Mountain View, California. Skyline's solar arrays are relatively low-tech, made from off-the-shelf components and are easy to assemble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25579\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Bob-MacDonald-e1317365300647.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-25579\" title=\"Bob MacDonald helped get Skyline Solar its $1.58 million military contract\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Bob-MacDonald-e1317365300647-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob MacDonald helped get Skyline Solar its $1.58 million military contract\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, MacDonald saw that the military was looking for clean tech companies like his to partner with. He flew to Washington to present Skyline's product. He says it was a bit intimidating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a lot of brass,\" he recalls, \"literally, a lot of stripes and shoulder adornments around the table. I kept it simple. Sir, yes sir.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacDonald soon realized his audience had a lot in common with the venture capitalists he does business with out here in California. The military officials liked that Skyline's components are easy to source and that they're portable. An added benefit is the stealth effect, says MacDonald: Solar panels are a lot quieter than a diesel generator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macdonald has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pv-tech.org/news/project_focus_skyline_solar_to_deploy_two_100kw_demo_systems_on_u.s._milita\">$1.58 million contract\u003c/a> to try out his arrays on two US military bases, one in Texas, one in Southern California. If the pilot is successful, he’d like to see his systems operating overseas, powering remote bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solazyme, in South San Francisco, is also benefiting from military investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's algae-based biofuel is being tested in Seahawk helicopters, as well as Navy vessels in Virginia and other parts of the country. CEO Jonathan Wolfson says the $8 million military contract is less than a quarter of his company's revenue, but it sends a powerful message to other investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25580\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/GOOD_WOLFSON-012.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-25580\" title=\"Jonathan Wolfson is CEO of Solazyme, which produces algae-based biofuel for the US Navy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/GOOD_WOLFSON-012-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonathan Wolfson is CEO of Solazyme, which produces algae-based biofuel for the US Navy\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, eight years ago we were five people with a completely delusional dream,\" says Wolfson. \"So go from that to [being partnered with] an entity like the military, which is very, very disciplined and demands an enormous level of discipline out of its suppliers. It does really good things to help a company like Solazyme.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bridging the \"Valley of Death\" Between Innovation and the Market\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolfson says by the sheer force of its purchasing power, the military can transform a technology from cutting edge to mainstream. He points out that it's happened before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People forget that the Internet they go log onto every day was funded by the Department of Defense. They forget that the entire semiconductor industry was [built up] by they Defense Department. They were the ones that got the first orders and got the first plants built.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nThe Solyndra Effect\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, in Washington, the words “clean technology” have become \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_18887134\">a political flashpoint\u003c/a>. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/23/science/earth/23energy.html\">September 22 hearing\u003c/a> focused on the bankruptcy of Fremont-based solar panel maker Solyndra. Issa, who chairs the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee railed against the Obama Administration's investments in alternative technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Obama Administration has systematically waged a war on carbon-based energy in pursuit of new green energy,\" said Issa. \"Jobs have not been produced in a sustained fashion or in the number promised and bills of taxpayer dollars have done little to truly stimulate the economy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa and other Republicans have argued government should avoid investing in clean tech all together. And this has put Navy Secretary Mabus in a curious position: A high level military official turned into one of clean tech’s most vocal defenders. He says as the head of the US Navy, that’s his job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re doing this to become a better military, to make us better war fighters. We’re doing this as a matter of security, of energy security and national security. The fundamental purpose of our doing this is so that we will be better at the mission that the US has given us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mabus says \u003ca href=\"http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=56757\">his goal \u003c/a>is that by the year 2020, the Navy and Marine Corps will get at least half its fuel from non fossil-fuel sources.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Tobacco Industry Refused To Reduce Radioactivity In Cigarettes In Order To Maintain Addictive Potential ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/smoking.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/smoking-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"smoking\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25528\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of us probably never considered the tobacco industry to be particularly good people, the latest report based on 13 million documents released since a court-ordered legal settlement in 1998 should disturb even the most optimistic of industry supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UCLA have examined millions of previously secret internal records from the tobacco industry looking for clues as to how they handled potential health concerns regarding cigarette smoke. From these documents, two previous reports revealed that the presence of the radioactive isotope polonium 210 in tobacco and its associated increase in lung cancer risk from smoking was common knowledge among top industry executives as early as 1964. These reports showed that tobacco companies not only failed to inform consumers of the risk of smoking, but also refused to take action to reduce the radioactive potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/26385\">latest study\u003c/a>, published this week in the journal \u003cem>Nicotine and Tobacco Research\u003c/em>, uncovered that the tobacco industry had detailed knowledge of the presence of radioactive substances as early as 1959.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the authors were “surprised to discover the industry's scientists had actually made, as early as the 1960s, quantitative and realistic radiobiological calculations of the long-term radiation absorption dose of ionizing alpha particles and reached the conclusion that the alpha particles in cigarette smoke in promoting ‘cancerous growth’ in the lungs of smokers was ‘not an unlikely event’.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazingly, the tobacco industry was also aware of an acid washing process by which the radioactive potential of cigarette smoke could be dramatically reduced. Autopsies from smokers indicate that the majority of tumors occur where the alpha particles accumulate in the lungs. This acid wash technique is effective at removing the radioisotope from tobacco plants, and has the potential to significantly reduce cancer risk. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the industry frequently cited cost and environmental concerns for why they did not adopt the technique, the UCLA team found evidence that the industry was primarily worried that the technique would reduce the addictive potential of nicotine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The industry was concerned that the acid media would ionize the nicotine, making it more difficult to be absorbed into the brains of smokers and depriving them of that instant nicotine rush that fuels their addiction,” said Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, the first author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So not only was the industry aware that tobacco causes cancer, they intentionally hid this information from consumers and refused to take steps to reduce the danger because they wanted their customers to remain addicted to their product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this raises many frightening questions for consumers of any ingestible product (food industry, I’m looking in your direction), what bothers me most is the uncertainty over who will be held accountable for this crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, polonium 210 is still present in all commercially available domestic and foreign cigarette brands.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25496\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumtop.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumtop-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"geozeumtop\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25496\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">GeoZeum is a brand-new boutique education center of geology in historic—and geologically rich—San Juan Bautista. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of us have a retirement dream: What would we do once our daily grind is over? Retired geologists I know indulge their devotion to poetry, photography, winemaking, philosophy, or Burning Man. A common idea is to open a little rock shop. Phil Stoffer is a born teacher with a huge rock collection, and his retirement project is to run a little museum in San Juan Bautista, a superb place to personally introduce the pleasures and treasures of Earth science to all comers. \"It's all about keeping geology going,\" he says. I have seen nothing like it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoffer has dipped into a lot of the geologist's typical career options: mining, oil and gas, scientific librarian, college instructor, and website creator and field hand for the U.S. Geological Survey. He's collected rocks and fossils and photographed geology in all fifty states. All of that, experience and photos and specimens, is the nucleus of Stoffer's \u003ca href=\"http://www.geozeum.com/\">GeoZeum\u003c/a>, just a short stroll from the San Andreas fault and, of course, on the Web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/29/geozeum-a-personal-museum-of-geology/geozeumrox/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25497\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumrox.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"geozeumrox\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25497\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumrox.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumrox-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the best rocks in GeoZeum are found near San Juan Bautista.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>GeoZeum has shelves of rocks, minerals and fossils. It also has tables covered with them, meant to be handled. It has an earthquake machine and a tsunami tank. It has big 3D photos of landforms and glasses to view them with. It even has a closet filled with fluorescent minerals. A lapidary lab is in the planning stage. And the key ingredient is the owner, eager to show and tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A project like GeoZeum relies on a lot of synergy. First, there's the Spanish mission in San Juan Bautista. California's unique \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuca.k12.ca.us/lessons/missions/contents/index.html\">4th-grade curriculum emphasizing the missions\u003c/a> brings busloads of children to San Juan Bautista. \u003ca href=\"http://www.san-juan-bautista.ca.us/\">The city itself is a draw for tourists\u003c/a>, too. The mission owes its very location to the scarp raised along the San Andreas fault, and more than any other California mission its history is tied to earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/29/geozeum-a-personal-museum-of-geology/geozeumsjbmission/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25498\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumSJBmission.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"geozeumSJBmission\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25498\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumSJBmission.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumSJBmission-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Andreas fault runs along the foot of the rise on which the San Juan Bautista mission sits. GeoZeum's Phil Stoffer leads walks here every weekend.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Second, GeoZeum shares a building with \u003ca href=\"http://www.topsarockshop.com/index.htm\">TOPS A Rock Shop\u003c/a>, an uncommonly well-stocked example of its genre. TOPS will be a natural gathering place for the rock-and-mineral club that Stoffer is launching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third, San Juan Bautista is a remarkable nexus of geological sites every bit as interesting as the Bay Area. Indeed, just a million years ago you could say the area \u003ci>was\u003c/i> the Bay Area, because the rivers of the Central Valley reached the Pacific through here. The area is full of mines and quarries, several earthquake faults, and diverse packages of rocks that those faults have carried here from far away. The GeoZeum website has a lot of maps and other material about the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Stoffer's favorite places is the riverbed of the San Benito River, where the gravel contains an enormous variety of rock types. But when I visited him earlier this week, we went instead to Gabilan (Fremont) Peak and explored some old barite mines in the ancient marble that makes up the mountaintop. We brought along ultraviolet flashlights and admired the veins of blue and yellow fluorescence in the mine passages. Stoffer has dozens of ideas like these for geologic walks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/29/geozeum-a-personal-museum-of-geology/geozeumsteps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25499\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumsteps.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"geozeumsteps\" width=\"500\" height=\"410\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25499\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumsteps.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumsteps-400x328.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GeoZeum is already operating Thursday through Sunday, but its formal Grand Opening is October 15. Stoffer will welcome you to his museum, whether you're a kid, a fellow retired geologist or anything between. Just look for the dinosaur tracks on the sidewalk.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25496\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumtop.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumtop-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"geozeumtop\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25496\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">GeoZeum is a brand-new boutique education center of geology in historic—and geologically rich—San Juan Bautista. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of us have a retirement dream: What would we do once our daily grind is over? Retired geologists I know indulge their devotion to poetry, photography, winemaking, philosophy, or Burning Man. A common idea is to open a little rock shop. Phil Stoffer is a born teacher with a huge rock collection, and his retirement project is to run a little museum in San Juan Bautista, a superb place to personally introduce the pleasures and treasures of Earth science to all comers. \"It's all about keeping geology going,\" he says. I have seen nothing like it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoffer has dipped into a lot of the geologist's typical career options: mining, oil and gas, scientific librarian, college instructor, and website creator and field hand for the U.S. Geological Survey. He's collected rocks and fossils and photographed geology in all fifty states. All of that, experience and photos and specimens, is the nucleus of Stoffer's \u003ca href=\"http://www.geozeum.com/\">GeoZeum\u003c/a>, just a short stroll from the San Andreas fault and, of course, on the Web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/29/geozeum-a-personal-museum-of-geology/geozeumrox/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25497\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumrox.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"geozeumrox\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25497\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumrox.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumrox-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the best rocks in GeoZeum are found near San Juan Bautista.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>GeoZeum has shelves of rocks, minerals and fossils. It also has tables covered with them, meant to be handled. It has an earthquake machine and a tsunami tank. It has big 3D photos of landforms and glasses to view them with. It even has a closet filled with fluorescent minerals. A lapidary lab is in the planning stage. And the key ingredient is the owner, eager to show and tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A project like GeoZeum relies on a lot of synergy. First, there's the Spanish mission in San Juan Bautista. California's unique \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuca.k12.ca.us/lessons/missions/contents/index.html\">4th-grade curriculum emphasizing the missions\u003c/a> brings busloads of children to San Juan Bautista. \u003ca href=\"http://www.san-juan-bautista.ca.us/\">The city itself is a draw for tourists\u003c/a>, too. The mission owes its very location to the scarp raised along the San Andreas fault, and more than any other California mission its history is tied to earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/29/geozeum-a-personal-museum-of-geology/geozeumsjbmission/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25498\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumSJBmission.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"geozeumSJBmission\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25498\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumSJBmission.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumSJBmission-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Andreas fault runs along the foot of the rise on which the San Juan Bautista mission sits. GeoZeum's Phil Stoffer leads walks here every weekend.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Second, GeoZeum shares a building with \u003ca href=\"http://www.topsarockshop.com/index.htm\">TOPS A Rock Shop\u003c/a>, an uncommonly well-stocked example of its genre. TOPS will be a natural gathering place for the rock-and-mineral club that Stoffer is launching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third, San Juan Bautista is a remarkable nexus of geological sites every bit as interesting as the Bay Area. Indeed, just a million years ago you could say the area \u003ci>was\u003c/i> the Bay Area, because the rivers of the Central Valley reached the Pacific through here. The area is full of mines and quarries, several earthquake faults, and diverse packages of rocks that those faults have carried here from far away. The GeoZeum website has a lot of maps and other material about the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Stoffer's favorite places is the riverbed of the San Benito River, where the gravel contains an enormous variety of rock types. But when I visited him earlier this week, we went instead to Gabilan (Fremont) Peak and explored some old barite mines in the ancient marble that makes up the mountaintop. We brought along ultraviolet flashlights and admired the veins of blue and yellow fluorescence in the mine passages. Stoffer has dozens of ideas like these for geologic walks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/29/geozeum-a-personal-museum-of-geology/geozeumsteps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25499\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumsteps.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"geozeumsteps\" width=\"500\" height=\"410\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25499\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumsteps.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/geozeumsteps-400x328.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GeoZeum is already operating Thursday through Sunday, but its formal Grand Opening is October 15. Stoffer will welcome you to his museum, whether you're a kid, a fellow retired geologist or anything between. Just look for the dinosaur tracks on the sidewalk.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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}
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"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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