QUEST Northern CaliforniaQUEST Northern California
KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.
Mars Science Laboratory's Touchdown on The Red Planet
What Is That Unusual Smell In Walnut Creek?
Questions Raised About Chevron's Handling of Gas Leak that Sparked Massive Blaze - 8/9 KQED Science News Roundup
Fracking Gives Hydrogen Fuel Cells New Life
July in US was Hottest Ever in History Books - 8/8 KQED Science News Roundup
Doubt and Denialism: Vaccine Myths Persist in the Face of Science
Stunning Solar Visualizations: The Sun's Van Gogh-like Artistry
NASA's New Rover Sends Back 1st Color Image - 8/7 KQED Science News Roundup
NASA's Mars Lander: The Exploration Begins
NASA’s Curiosity Rover Successfully Lands on Mars - 8/6 KQED Science News Roundup
Rethinking Reproductive Biology
Newly Discovered Stem Cells Cause Clogged Arteries
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42499\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/10/mars-science-laboratorys-touchdown-on-the-red-planet/curiositys-new-home/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42499\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/curiositys-new-home.jpg\" alt=\"View from NASA's MSL "Curiosity" Rover\" title=\"View from NASA's MSL "Curiosity" Rover\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42499\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/curiositys-new-home.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/curiositys-new-home-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View from NASA's MSL \"Curiosity\" Rover\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last Sunday, NASA scored a long-distance touchdown (a very long distance, with the goal posts fully 150 million miles away) on Mars! The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\" title=\"NASA Mars MSL Curiosity\" target=\"_blank\">Mars Science Laboratory\u003c/a>, nicknamed \"Curiosity\" by essay winner Clara Ma, is now the largest, most complex and science-capable lander ever to have set down on the Red Planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More on that later. Now, a bit of reminiscing on a similar event that happened 36 years ago--one that, to me, was in certain ways even more exciting. It was Viking 1, the first successful landing on Mars, which set down in Chryse Planitia on July 20, 1976 (seven years to the day from the first manned Moon landing). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall clearly standing on my knees in front of the television (in a room that, coincidentally, my parents had decorated in orange) waiting for the newscast to reveal the first-ever images from the surface of Mars. THAT was excitement. I had read so many sci-fi stories about Mars and had drooled over many artists concepts of what this other world might look like that waiting to see the first photograph from ground level was simply electrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/Viking_Gallery/hi-resjpgs/6.jpg\" title=\"First color image from the surface of Mars, Viking 1\" target=\"_blank\">Upon seeing the image\u003c/a> appear on the TV, my first reaction was, \"Look! There's a rock!\" I had expected to see rocks, but first laying eyes on actual Martian rocks, seeing their shapes, textures, and details, was like being the first person to step onto another world. When I saw little piles of sand next to some of those rocks, more of that until-then unrevealed world unfolded. The sky was bright, not dark as the airless skies of our familiar Moon are. In later pictures from both Viking landers, seeing Earth-style features like cirrus clouds in the sky and water frost on the ground was more icing on the cake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back to last Sunday. At Chabot, we were packed with people who had come to witness the landing of Curiosity on the big TV screens of our planetarium and theater domes. This landing was different from that of Viking 1, of course; we are now very familiar with the surface of Mars, not only as revealed by the cadre of landers and rovers—the Vikings, Pathfinder, Spirit, Opportunity, and Phoenix—but by the hi-resolution spy-cam (HiRISE) of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. We'd seen landings before, and though each one was in a different location with different geography to gawk at, the common look and feel of Mars has long been a part of our experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every time the NASA/JPL landing crew announced another milestone met, the crowd applauded along with JPL. The spacecraft has touched the upper atmosphere—applause! The heat shield has separated—applause! The parachute has deployed—double applause! As the distance to the surface grew shorter and shorter, a buzz of anticipation grew. And, touchdown! Huge applause! The crowds are going wild….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all waited for the first image from Curiosity—something we weren't sure we'd get right away, as NASA wasn't making promises. As it turned out, the first image, taken by one of Curiosity's 17 cameras (a hazard avoidance camera), appeared on JPL's screen within minutes of landing. One JPL crewmember pointed at the little square on the monitor and shouted, \"Look! A thumbnail!\" I thought of my own first revelation on seeing the Viking 1 image: \"Look! A rock!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thumbnail was 64x64 pixels, and it was hard to make out what it was showing, but that didn't matter: it was the first image from an entirely new place on Mars, and it earned the loudest and longest round of applause of all. A subsequent 256x256 sized version, uploaded to the orbiting Mars Odyssey and then relayed to Earth, showed in more detail what the thumbnail had tried to convey: rocks, soil, and Curiosity's shadow cast across the milieu. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now begins the new adventure as Curiosity, starting at the foot of a mountain in the middle of \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/timeline/prelaunch/landingsiteselection/galecrater2/\" title=\"Gale Crater\" target=\"_blank\">Gale Crater\u003c/a>, commences a journey of discovery up the slopes of sedimentary material built up over 2 billion years of Mars' history. What story will Curiosity read to us from the leaves of those layers, that giant book? Stay tuned. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42499\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/10/mars-science-laboratorys-touchdown-on-the-red-planet/curiositys-new-home/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42499\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/curiositys-new-home.jpg\" alt=\"View from NASA's MSL "Curiosity" Rover\" title=\"View from NASA's MSL "Curiosity" Rover\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42499\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/curiositys-new-home.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/curiositys-new-home-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View from NASA's MSL \"Curiosity\" Rover\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last Sunday, NASA scored a long-distance touchdown (a very long distance, with the goal posts fully 150 million miles away) on Mars! The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\" title=\"NASA Mars MSL Curiosity\" target=\"_blank\">Mars Science Laboratory\u003c/a>, nicknamed \"Curiosity\" by essay winner Clara Ma, is now the largest, most complex and science-capable lander ever to have set down on the Red Planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More on that later. Now, a bit of reminiscing on a similar event that happened 36 years ago--one that, to me, was in certain ways even more exciting. It was Viking 1, the first successful landing on Mars, which set down in Chryse Planitia on July 20, 1976 (seven years to the day from the first manned Moon landing). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall clearly standing on my knees in front of the television (in a room that, coincidentally, my parents had decorated in orange) waiting for the newscast to reveal the first-ever images from the surface of Mars. THAT was excitement. I had read so many sci-fi stories about Mars and had drooled over many artists concepts of what this other world might look like that waiting to see the first photograph from ground level was simply electrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/Viking_Gallery/hi-resjpgs/6.jpg\" title=\"First color image from the surface of Mars, Viking 1\" target=\"_blank\">Upon seeing the image\u003c/a> appear on the TV, my first reaction was, \"Look! There's a rock!\" I had expected to see rocks, but first laying eyes on actual Martian rocks, seeing their shapes, textures, and details, was like being the first person to step onto another world. When I saw little piles of sand next to some of those rocks, more of that until-then unrevealed world unfolded. The sky was bright, not dark as the airless skies of our familiar Moon are. In later pictures from both Viking landers, seeing Earth-style features like cirrus clouds in the sky and water frost on the ground was more icing on the cake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back to last Sunday. At Chabot, we were packed with people who had come to witness the landing of Curiosity on the big TV screens of our planetarium and theater domes. This landing was different from that of Viking 1, of course; we are now very familiar with the surface of Mars, not only as revealed by the cadre of landers and rovers—the Vikings, Pathfinder, Spirit, Opportunity, and Phoenix—but by the hi-resolution spy-cam (HiRISE) of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. We'd seen landings before, and though each one was in a different location with different geography to gawk at, the common look and feel of Mars has long been a part of our experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every time the NASA/JPL landing crew announced another milestone met, the crowd applauded along with JPL. The spacecraft has touched the upper atmosphere—applause! The heat shield has separated—applause! The parachute has deployed—double applause! As the distance to the surface grew shorter and shorter, a buzz of anticipation grew. And, touchdown! Huge applause! The crowds are going wild….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all waited for the first image from Curiosity—something we weren't sure we'd get right away, as NASA wasn't making promises. As it turned out, the first image, taken by one of Curiosity's 17 cameras (a hazard avoidance camera), appeared on JPL's screen within minutes of landing. One JPL crewmember pointed at the little square on the monitor and shouted, \"Look! A thumbnail!\" I thought of my own first revelation on seeing the Viking 1 image: \"Look! A rock!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thumbnail was 64x64 pixels, and it was hard to make out what it was showing, but that didn't matter: it was the first image from an entirely new place on Mars, and it earned the loudest and longest round of applause of all. A subsequent 256x256 sized version, uploaded to the orbiting Mars Odyssey and then relayed to Earth, showed in more detail what the thumbnail had tried to convey: rocks, soil, and Curiosity's shadow cast across the milieu. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now begins the new adventure as Curiosity, starting at the foot of a mountain in the middle of \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/timeline/prelaunch/landingsiteselection/galecrater2/\" title=\"Gale Crater\" target=\"_blank\">Gale Crater\u003c/a>, commences a journey of discovery up the slopes of sedimentary material built up over 2 billion years of Mars' history. What story will Curiosity read to us from the leaves of those layers, that giant book? Stay tuned. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Is That Unusual Smell In Walnut Creek?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Walnut Creek is a nice, clean suburban city today, but people who live there long enough eventually ask why it smells like rotten eggs around John Muir Medical Center. That smell has been there longer than Walnut Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get to the hospital, you take Ygnacio Valley Road east from downtown and over Shell Ridge. On the other side of Shell Ridge is the hospital, overlooking the wide, flat Ygnacio Valley. Here's the valley today as it appears on Google Maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/09/what-is-that-unusual-smell-in-walnut-creek/ygvalmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42513\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValmap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"YgValmap\" width=\"555\" height=\"500\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42513\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValmap.jpg 555w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValmap-400x360.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Muir Medical Center sits in the neighborhood labeled \"San Miguel.\" The valley made up the heart of the Rancho San Miguel, given its name by Doña Juana Sanchez de Pacheco for her late husband Miguel Antonia Pacheco, but originally it was the Rancho Arroyo de Las Nueces y Bolbones (Walnut Creek and Bolbones [tribe]). Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb3j49n8nx/\">Rancho San Miguel as it was mapped in 1850\u003c/a>, turned to place north up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/09/what-is-that-unusual-smell-in-walnut-creek/wcranchomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42514\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/WCranchomap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"WCranchomap\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/WCranchomap.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/WCranchomap-400x333.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We see the creek (Arroyo de las Nueces) on the west, Shell Ridge on the south, Ygnacio Valley in the middle, and Lime Ridge (mapped as Sierra de los Golgones) on the east. What's that notation at the end of Shell Ridge? Let's zoom in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/09/what-is-that-unusual-smell-in-walnut-creek/sulfspringtop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42515\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/sulfspringtop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sulfspringtop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-42515\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/sulfspringtop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/sulfspringtop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"warm sulphur spring\" was where Ygnacio Sibrian, Doña Juana's son, established Sulpher [sic] Springs Ranch on his share of the Rancho San Miguel. The official records put \"Sulpher Springs\" a bit north of Heather Farms, but U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 338, \u003ci>Springs of California\u003c/i>, offers the following description of the springs as of 1915:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A group of sulphur springs lies near the northeastern base of a low ridge about 2 miles northeast of the town of Walnut Creek. The largest spring is on the ridge about 100 yards from its eastern base and 25 yards north of the county road [Ygnacio Valley Road]. When the place was visited, the water rose in a board-curbed pool protected by a latticed house and was piped to a cattle trough a few yards away. It yielded about 3 gallons a minute of mildly sulphureted water, 81° in temperature. . . . Five other smaller springs issue in a belt extending 350 yards along the base of the ridge, in and near the barnyard of Sulphur Springs farm. Two of them have been piped to watering troughs near by. The other three are of seeping flow and form only small marshy places.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From that description, the spring was closer to where Clarke Swim Center sits today in Heather Farm Park, another health-centered water attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rotten-egg smell is hydrogen sulfide gas (H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>S), produced by certain bacteria from sulfur minerals in the absence of oxygen. Normally H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>S is quickly oxidized by another set of bacteria into H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>SO\u003csub>4\u003c/sub>, sulfuric acid, which proceeds to eat away at limestone and other rocks. But if the gas can move quickly to the surface it can reach your nose. Such is the case at Shell Ridge, as the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/of94-622/\">Contra Costa County geologic map\u003c/a> shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/09/what-is-that-unusual-smell-in-walnut-creek/ygvalgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42516\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValgeomap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"YgValgeomap\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-42516\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValgeomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValgeomap-400x333.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell Ridge consists of the following rock units, in order of age: upper Domengine Formation (Tdu), Cierbo Formation (Tc, with sandstone/conglomerate (Tcsc) at the base), Neroly Formation (Tn), and Green Valley/Tassajara group (Tgvt). The strike-and-dip symbols show that the rocks are actually overturned—tilted beyond vertical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is sulfur doing in Walnut Creek's rocks? Sulfur minerals, mostly \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/minerals/ig/minpicsulfates/minpicgypsum.htm\">gypsum\u003c/a> (CaSO\u003csub>4\u003c/sub>\u003cb>·\u003c/b>2H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>O) or \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/minerals/ig/minpicsulfides/minpicpyrite.htm\">pyrite\u003c/a> (FeS\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>), are widespread in sedimentary rocks. Around here, the sulfur is pyrite associated with organic matter, and the Domengine Formation in particular is a well-known petroleum reservoir rock. It stands to reason that a suitable set of cracks would support a sulfur spring here. The smell of rotten eggs used to be considered part of the healthful power of a warm spring. Savor that as you visit the hospital today.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Walnut Creek is a nice, clean suburban city today, but people who live there long enough eventually ask why it smells like rotten eggs around John Muir Medical Center. That smell has been there longer than Walnut Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get to the hospital, you take Ygnacio Valley Road east from downtown and over Shell Ridge. On the other side of Shell Ridge is the hospital, overlooking the wide, flat Ygnacio Valley. Here's the valley today as it appears on Google Maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/09/what-is-that-unusual-smell-in-walnut-creek/ygvalmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42513\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValmap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"YgValmap\" width=\"555\" height=\"500\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42513\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValmap.jpg 555w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValmap-400x360.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Muir Medical Center sits in the neighborhood labeled \"San Miguel.\" The valley made up the heart of the Rancho San Miguel, given its name by Doña Juana Sanchez de Pacheco for her late husband Miguel Antonia Pacheco, but originally it was the Rancho Arroyo de Las Nueces y Bolbones (Walnut Creek and Bolbones [tribe]). Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb3j49n8nx/\">Rancho San Miguel as it was mapped in 1850\u003c/a>, turned to place north up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/09/what-is-that-unusual-smell-in-walnut-creek/wcranchomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42514\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/WCranchomap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"WCranchomap\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/WCranchomap.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/WCranchomap-400x333.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We see the creek (Arroyo de las Nueces) on the west, Shell Ridge on the south, Ygnacio Valley in the middle, and Lime Ridge (mapped as Sierra de los Golgones) on the east. What's that notation at the end of Shell Ridge? Let's zoom in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/09/what-is-that-unusual-smell-in-walnut-creek/sulfspringtop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42515\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/sulfspringtop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sulfspringtop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-42515\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/sulfspringtop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/sulfspringtop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"warm sulphur spring\" was where Ygnacio Sibrian, Doña Juana's son, established Sulpher [sic] Springs Ranch on his share of the Rancho San Miguel. The official records put \"Sulpher Springs\" a bit north of Heather Farms, but U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 338, \u003ci>Springs of California\u003c/i>, offers the following description of the springs as of 1915:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A group of sulphur springs lies near the northeastern base of a low ridge about 2 miles northeast of the town of Walnut Creek. The largest spring is on the ridge about 100 yards from its eastern base and 25 yards north of the county road [Ygnacio Valley Road]. When the place was visited, the water rose in a board-curbed pool protected by a latticed house and was piped to a cattle trough a few yards away. It yielded about 3 gallons a minute of mildly sulphureted water, 81° in temperature. . . . Five other smaller springs issue in a belt extending 350 yards along the base of the ridge, in and near the barnyard of Sulphur Springs farm. Two of them have been piped to watering troughs near by. The other three are of seeping flow and form only small marshy places.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From that description, the spring was closer to where Clarke Swim Center sits today in Heather Farm Park, another health-centered water attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rotten-egg smell is hydrogen sulfide gas (H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>S), produced by certain bacteria from sulfur minerals in the absence of oxygen. Normally H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>S is quickly oxidized by another set of bacteria into H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>SO\u003csub>4\u003c/sub>, sulfuric acid, which proceeds to eat away at limestone and other rocks. But if the gas can move quickly to the surface it can reach your nose. Such is the case at Shell Ridge, as the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/of94-622/\">Contra Costa County geologic map\u003c/a> shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/09/what-is-that-unusual-smell-in-walnut-creek/ygvalgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42516\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValgeomap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"YgValgeomap\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-42516\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValgeomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/YgValgeomap-400x333.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell Ridge consists of the following rock units, in order of age: upper Domengine Formation (Tdu), Cierbo Formation (Tc, with sandstone/conglomerate (Tcsc) at the base), Neroly Formation (Tn), and Green Valley/Tassajara group (Tgvt). The strike-and-dip symbols show that the rocks are actually overturned—tilted beyond vertical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is sulfur doing in Walnut Creek's rocks? Sulfur minerals, mostly \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/minerals/ig/minpicsulfates/minpicgypsum.htm\">gypsum\u003c/a> (CaSO\u003csub>4\u003c/sub>\u003cb>·\u003c/b>2H\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>O) or \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/minerals/ig/minpicsulfides/minpicpyrite.htm\">pyrite\u003c/a> (FeS\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>), are widespread in sedimentary rocks. Around here, the sulfur is pyrite associated with organic matter, and the Domengine Formation in particular is a well-known petroleum reservoir rock. It stands to reason that a suitable set of cracks would support a sulfur spring here. The smell of rotten eggs used to be considered part of the healthful power of a warm spring. Savor that as you visit the hospital today.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Questions Raised About Chevron's Handling of Gas Leak that Sparked Massive Blaze - 8/9 KQED Science News Roundup",
"title": "Questions Raised About Chevron's Handling of Gas Leak that Sparked Massive Blaze - 8/9 KQED Science News Roundup",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cR3tM','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/14/47/01/3305567/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cR3tM\\'>7 rare rhinos photographed in western Indonesia</a>Tarmizi, from the Leuser International Foundation, said Thursday that pictures from movement-triggered cameras identified a male and six female Sumatran rhinos in Aceh province\\'s Leuser National Park as of April. There are an estimated 200 Sumatran rhinos living in the wild in small groups in Indonesia and Malaysia, half the number from 15 years ago.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/14/47/01/3305567/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">7 rare rhinos photographed in western IndonesiaTarmizi, from the Leuser International Foundation, said Thursday that pictures from movement-triggered cameras identified a male and six female Sumatran rhinos in Aceh province's Leuser National Park as of April. There are an estimated 200 Sumatran rhinos living in the wild in small groups in Indonesia and Malaysia, half the number from 15 years ago.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cR3mx ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cR3mx \\'>Questions raised about Chevron\\'s handling of gas leak that sparked massive blaze - San Jose Mercury News</a>With hydrocarbon leak, the safest route is usually shutting down the unit, said a Richmond Chevron labor rep. Chevron said a shutdown can be just as dangerous as a leak. Various agencies launch investigation into blaze that sent hundreds to hospitals<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.mercurynews.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Mercurynews</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cR3mx%20\">Questions raised about Chevron's handling of gas leak that sparked massive blaze - San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>With hydrocarbon leak, the safest route is usually shutting down the unit, said a Richmond Chevron labor rep. Chevron said a shutdown can be just as dangerous as a leak. Various agencies launch investigation into blaze that sent hundreds to hospitals\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/08/fish-and-game-dan-richards-10-a-m/','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/files/2012/08/shotmountainlionSM1.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/08/fish-and-game-dan-richards-10-a-m/\\'>Cougar Hunter Dan Richards is Out as Fish and Game Commission President After Vote | KQED News Fix</a>The California Fish and Game Commission voted unanimously for Jim Kellogg as president, thus ousting previous commission head and controversial cougar-hunter Dan Richards. Richards was gracious after the vote, expressing his appreciation to the commission and immediately turning over his gavel.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/08/fish-and-game-dan-richards-10-a-m/\">Cougar Hunter Dan Richards is Out as Fish and Game Commission President After Vote | KQED News Fix\u003c/a>The California Fish and Game Commission voted unanimously for Jim Kellogg as president, thus ousting previous commission head and controversial cougar-hunter Dan Richards. Richards was gracious after the vote, expressing his appreciation to the commission and immediately turning over his gavel.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cR528','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2012/08/RichmondSoda_20120806b-150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cR528\\'>Soda Industry Spending Big to Defeat Richmond Beverage Tax</a>Earlier this week, KQED\\'s Mina Kim looked at the ongoing soda tax campaign in Richmond. In November, voters will decide whether to impose a penny an ounce fee on sweetened drinks. Today, William Harless at California Watch drilled down into newly released campaign finance disclosures and learned that -- not surprisingly -- tax opponents are outspending tax supporters.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2012/08/RichmondSoda_20120806b-150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cR528\">Soda Industry Spending Big to Defeat Richmond Beverage Tax\u003c/a>Earlier this week, KQED's Mina Kim looked at the ongoing soda tax campaign in Richmond. In November, voters will decide whether to impose a penny an ounce fee on sweetened drinks. Today, William Harless at California Watch drilled down into newly released campaign finance disclosures and learned that -- not surprisingly -- tax opponents are outspending tax supporters.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cR5RP','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://hosted.ap.org/photos/1/18a6f197-d9ca-417f-873e-3db4958511ac-small.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cR5RP\\'>News from The Associated Press</a>DALLAS (AP) -- The president and the founder of Susan G. Komen for the Cure are stepping down, the nation\\'s largest breast cancer foundation said in announcing a major leadership shake-up. The high-profile departures come amid continuing fallout from Komen\\'s decision earlier this year to briefly end funding for Planned Parenthood.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://hosted.ap.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Ap</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://hosted.ap.org/photos/1/18a6f197-d9ca-417f-873e-3db4958511ac-small.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Komen Pres. resigning, founder shifting rolesDALLAS (AP) -- The president and the founder of Susan G. Komen for the Cure are stepping down, the nation's largest breast cancer foundation said in announcing a major leadership shake-up. The high-profile departures come amid continuing fallout from Komen's decision earlier this year to briefly end funding for Planned Parenthood.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Ap\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cR3tM','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/14/47/01/3305567/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cR3tM\\'>7 rare rhinos photographed in western Indonesia</a>Tarmizi, from the Leuser International Foundation, said Thursday that pictures from movement-triggered cameras identified a male and six female Sumatran rhinos in Aceh province\\'s Leuser National Park as of April. There are an estimated 200 Sumatran rhinos living in the wild in small groups in Indonesia and Malaysia, half the number from 15 years ago.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/14/47/01/3305567/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">7 rare rhinos photographed in western IndonesiaTarmizi, from the Leuser International Foundation, said Thursday that pictures from movement-triggered cameras identified a male and six female Sumatran rhinos in Aceh province's Leuser National Park as of April. There are an estimated 200 Sumatran rhinos living in the wild in small groups in Indonesia and Malaysia, half the number from 15 years ago.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cR3mx ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cR3mx \\'>Questions raised about Chevron\\'s handling of gas leak that sparked massive blaze - San Jose Mercury News</a>With hydrocarbon leak, the safest route is usually shutting down the unit, said a Richmond Chevron labor rep. Chevron said a shutdown can be just as dangerous as a leak. Various agencies launch investigation into blaze that sent hundreds to hospitals<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.mercurynews.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Mercurynews</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cR3mx%20\">Questions raised about Chevron's handling of gas leak that sparked massive blaze - San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>With hydrocarbon leak, the safest route is usually shutting down the unit, said a Richmond Chevron labor rep. Chevron said a shutdown can be just as dangerous as a leak. Various agencies launch investigation into blaze that sent hundreds to hospitals\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/08/fish-and-game-dan-richards-10-a-m/','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/files/2012/08/shotmountainlionSM1.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/08/fish-and-game-dan-richards-10-a-m/\\'>Cougar Hunter Dan Richards is Out as Fish and Game Commission President After Vote | KQED News Fix</a>The California Fish and Game Commission voted unanimously for Jim Kellogg as president, thus ousting previous commission head and controversial cougar-hunter Dan Richards. Richards was gracious after the vote, expressing his appreciation to the commission and immediately turning over his gavel.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/08/fish-and-game-dan-richards-10-a-m/\">Cougar Hunter Dan Richards is Out as Fish and Game Commission President After Vote | KQED News Fix\u003c/a>The California Fish and Game Commission voted unanimously for Jim Kellogg as president, thus ousting previous commission head and controversial cougar-hunter Dan Richards. Richards was gracious after the vote, expressing his appreciation to the commission and immediately turning over his gavel.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cR528','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2012/08/RichmondSoda_20120806b-150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cR528\\'>Soda Industry Spending Big to Defeat Richmond Beverage Tax</a>Earlier this week, KQED\\'s Mina Kim looked at the ongoing soda tax campaign in Richmond. In November, voters will decide whether to impose a penny an ounce fee on sweetened drinks. Today, William Harless at California Watch drilled down into newly released campaign finance disclosures and learned that -- not surprisingly -- tax opponents are outspending tax supporters.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2012/08/RichmondSoda_20120806b-150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cR528\">Soda Industry Spending Big to Defeat Richmond Beverage Tax\u003c/a>Earlier this week, KQED's Mina Kim looked at the ongoing soda tax campaign in Richmond. In November, voters will decide whether to impose a penny an ounce fee on sweetened drinks. Today, William Harless at California Watch drilled down into newly released campaign finance disclosures and learned that -- not surprisingly -- tax opponents are outspending tax supporters.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cR5RP','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://hosted.ap.org/photos/1/18a6f197-d9ca-417f-873e-3db4958511ac-small.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cR5RP\\'>News from The Associated Press</a>DALLAS (AP) -- The president and the founder of Susan G. Komen for the Cure are stepping down, the nation\\'s largest breast cancer foundation said in announcing a major leadership shake-up. The high-profile departures come amid continuing fallout from Komen\\'s decision earlier this year to briefly end funding for Planned Parenthood.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://hosted.ap.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Ap</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://hosted.ap.org/photos/1/18a6f197-d9ca-417f-873e-3db4958511ac-small.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Komen Pres. resigning, founder shifting rolesDALLAS (AP) -- The president and the founder of Susan G. Komen for the Cure are stepping down, the nation's largest breast cancer foundation said in announcing a major leadership shake-up. The high-profile departures come amid continuing fallout from Komen's decision earlier this year to briefly end funding for Planned Parenthood.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Ap\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fracking Gives Hydrogen Fuel Cells New Life",
"title": "Fracking Gives Hydrogen Fuel Cells New Life",
"headTitle": "Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/08/fracking-gives-hydrogen-fuel-cell-new-life/mazda5-hydrogen-re_640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42430\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42430 \" title=\"Mazda5 Hydrogen RE_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Mazda5-Hydrogen-RE_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Mazda5-Hydrogen-RE_640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Mazda5-Hydrogen-RE_640-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mazda unveiled their Mazda5 Hydrogen RE Hybrid Sky concept in 2010. Photo by Dave Pinter on Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) were the alternative-energy favorite of the George W. Bush administration, current U.S. Secretary of the Department of Energy Steven Chu has been no cheerleader. After dismissing a hydrogen fuel cell strategy in 2009 as “\u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124874456766585605.html\">impractical\u003c/a>,” Chu redirected federal energy research funds toward plug-in electric vehicles. The DOE secretary believed EVs were a more realistic alternative to fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42408\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/08/fracking-gives-hydrogen-fuel-cell-new-life/radio3-35_hydrogen300-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42408\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42408\" title=\"radio3-35_hydrogen300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/radio3-35_hydrogen300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mercedes-Benz is among the automakers experimenting with hydrogen fuel-cells.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three years later, new realities in the energy industry are pushing Chu into giving the world’s simplest element a second look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Several things changed my mind,” Chu \u003ca href=\"http://www.autoline.tv/daily/?p=22180\">told host John McElroy\u003c/a> during an interview on the web video series Autoline Daily. Chief among them, however, was that “We have natural gas in abundance.” Hydrogen can be extracted from natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Chu maintains that our country’s primary research focus will continue to be EVs, the controversy surrounding natural gas would make the revival of fuel cells in our energy policy a significant change of heart. And he’s not alone: In July, several U.S. senators, on both sides of the aisle, re-launched the hydrogen-promoting \u003ca href=\"http://fchea.org/core/import/PDFs/Senate%20Fuel%20Cell%20and%20Hydrogen%20Caucus%20Press%20Release.pdf\">Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Caucus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what do FCVs have to offer that electric vehicles don’t? Convenience is one immediate advantage. The range of a fuel cell-powered vehicle averages around 300 miles. The Tesla Model S, currently the passenger electric vehicle with the longest battery life, tops out at \u003ca href=\"http://green.autoblog.com/2012/06/20/tesla-model-s-officially-rated-at-89-mpge-with-265-mile-range/\">265 miles\u003c/a> between stops. The refueling process for FCVs takes five minutes – not far off the mark from a conventional vehicle. But unlike gas or diesel engines, a car running on pure hydrogen fuel emits eco-friendly \u003ca href=\"http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_benefits.shtml\">water and heat\u003c/a> as exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since there are no natural reservoirs of hydrogen on Earth, the gas must be extracted from water or petroleum products such as natural gas. This raises an interesting environmental dilemma, because our country’s abundant natural gas is the result of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” in underground shale beds. The effects of fracking on \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kevin-grandia/what-the-frack-is-pumping_b_628156.html\">municipal water supplies\u003c/a> have sparked wide spread concern from some communities where fracking is taking place as well as environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42468\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/08/fracking-gives-hydrogen-fuel-cell-new-life/5424966371_9665f4b266_o_640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42468\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-42468 \" title=\"5424966371_9665f4b266_o_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/5424966371_9665f4b266_o_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oil-Shale Development: Mahogany Flats Research Station, Rangeley, Colorado. Photo by SkyTruth and Randy Udall on Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Chu said he is intrigued by the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_gas_shift_reaction\">water gas shift reaction\u003c/a> process, which converts natural gas into pure hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The resultant hydrogen can be used for automobiles, and the carbon dioxide stream can be used to power more hydraulic fracturing, with a low net carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do the environmental advantages of hydrogen fuel cells and natural gas outweigh fracking’s potential dangers? Like many environmental decisions, there’s no easy answer - at least perhaps until we’re able to figure out how to build the infrastructure for hydrogen filling stations.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In 2009, U.S. Secretary of the Department of Energy Steven Chu dismissed zero-emission hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as an impractical alternative to electric cars. Now an abundant supply of natural gas, from which hydrogen can be extracted, is changing Chu's mind, but that natural gas comes from the controversial hydraulic fracturing process. ",
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"description": "In 2009, U.S. Secretary of the Department of Energy Steven Chu dismissed zero-emission hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as an impractical alternative to electric cars. Now an abundant supply of natural gas, from which hydrogen can be extracted, is changing Chu's mind, but that natural gas comes from the controversial hydraulic fracturing process. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/08/fracking-gives-hydrogen-fuel-cell-new-life/mazda5-hydrogen-re_640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42430\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42430 \" title=\"Mazda5 Hydrogen RE_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Mazda5-Hydrogen-RE_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Mazda5-Hydrogen-RE_640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Mazda5-Hydrogen-RE_640-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mazda unveiled their Mazda5 Hydrogen RE Hybrid Sky concept in 2010. Photo by Dave Pinter on Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) were the alternative-energy favorite of the George W. Bush administration, current U.S. Secretary of the Department of Energy Steven Chu has been no cheerleader. After dismissing a hydrogen fuel cell strategy in 2009 as “\u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124874456766585605.html\">impractical\u003c/a>,” Chu redirected federal energy research funds toward plug-in electric vehicles. The DOE secretary believed EVs were a more realistic alternative to fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42408\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/08/fracking-gives-hydrogen-fuel-cell-new-life/radio3-35_hydrogen300-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42408\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42408\" title=\"radio3-35_hydrogen300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/radio3-35_hydrogen300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mercedes-Benz is among the automakers experimenting with hydrogen fuel-cells.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three years later, new realities in the energy industry are pushing Chu into giving the world’s simplest element a second look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Several things changed my mind,” Chu \u003ca href=\"http://www.autoline.tv/daily/?p=22180\">told host John McElroy\u003c/a> during an interview on the web video series Autoline Daily. Chief among them, however, was that “We have natural gas in abundance.” Hydrogen can be extracted from natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Chu maintains that our country’s primary research focus will continue to be EVs, the controversy surrounding natural gas would make the revival of fuel cells in our energy policy a significant change of heart. And he’s not alone: In July, several U.S. senators, on both sides of the aisle, re-launched the hydrogen-promoting \u003ca href=\"http://fchea.org/core/import/PDFs/Senate%20Fuel%20Cell%20and%20Hydrogen%20Caucus%20Press%20Release.pdf\">Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Caucus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what do FCVs have to offer that electric vehicles don’t? Convenience is one immediate advantage. The range of a fuel cell-powered vehicle averages around 300 miles. The Tesla Model S, currently the passenger electric vehicle with the longest battery life, tops out at \u003ca href=\"http://green.autoblog.com/2012/06/20/tesla-model-s-officially-rated-at-89-mpge-with-265-mile-range/\">265 miles\u003c/a> between stops. The refueling process for FCVs takes five minutes – not far off the mark from a conventional vehicle. But unlike gas or diesel engines, a car running on pure hydrogen fuel emits eco-friendly \u003ca href=\"http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_benefits.shtml\">water and heat\u003c/a> as exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since there are no natural reservoirs of hydrogen on Earth, the gas must be extracted from water or petroleum products such as natural gas. This raises an interesting environmental dilemma, because our country’s abundant natural gas is the result of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” in underground shale beds. The effects of fracking on \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kevin-grandia/what-the-frack-is-pumping_b_628156.html\">municipal water supplies\u003c/a> have sparked wide spread concern from some communities where fracking is taking place as well as environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42468\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/08/fracking-gives-hydrogen-fuel-cell-new-life/5424966371_9665f4b266_o_640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42468\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-42468 \" title=\"5424966371_9665f4b266_o_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/5424966371_9665f4b266_o_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oil-Shale Development: Mahogany Flats Research Station, Rangeley, Colorado. Photo by SkyTruth and Randy Udall on Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Chu said he is intrigued by the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_gas_shift_reaction\">water gas shift reaction\u003c/a> process, which converts natural gas into pure hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The resultant hydrogen can be used for automobiles, and the carbon dioxide stream can be used to power more hydraulic fracturing, with a low net carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do the environmental advantages of hydrogen fuel cells and natural gas outweigh fracking’s potential dangers? Like many environmental decisions, there’s no easy answer - at least perhaps until we’re able to figure out how to build the infrastructure for hydrogen filling stations.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "July in US was Hottest Ever in History Books - 8/8 KQED Science News Roundup",
"title": "July in US was Hottest Ever in History Books - 8/8 KQED Science News Roundup",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpUS','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/14/44/33/3294959/5/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpUS\\'>Ouch! July in US was hottest ever in history books</a>Federal scientists say July was the hottest month ever recorded in the contiguous United States. Climate scientist Jake Crouch of the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C., said the U.S. is getting a double whammy of both localized heat and drought along with effects of global warming.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/14/44/33/3294959/5/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Ouch! July in US was hottest ever in history booksFederal scientists say July was the hottest month ever recorded in the contiguous United States. Climate scientist Jake Crouch of the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C., said the U.S. is getting a double whammy of both localized heat and drought along with effects of global warming.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPrst','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://a.s.kqed.net/img/nav/og-news.png\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPrst\\'>BAAQMD Finds 23 \\'Potentially Toxic Pollutants\\' in Air Around Chevron Fire, Says \\'Well Under Exposure Levels\\' | KQED News Fix</a>Statement from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District on air quality samples the agency took around the Richmond fire: The Air District had inspectors at the scene of the August 6 Chevron fire, collecting air quality samples from the surrounding area. These were sent to the Air District\\'s lab at 6 a.m.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://a.s.kqed.net/img/nav/og-news.png\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPrst\">BAAQMD Finds 23 'Potentially Toxic Pollutants' in Air Around Chevron Fire, Says 'Well Under Exposure Levels' | KQED News Fix\u003c/a>Statement from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District on air quality samples the agency took around the Richmond fire: The Air District had inspectors at the scene of the August 6 Chevron fire, collecting air quality samples from the surrounding area. These were sent to the Air District's lab at 6 a.m.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpNA','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/07/20/43/YNYlu.Hi.4.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpNA\\'>Report recommends changes at California salmon hatcheries - The Sacramento Bee</a>Most of the salmon caught in California come from hatcheries in the Sacramento Valley, yet it turns out we don\\'t know much about these fish even though we breed them by hand. A new study released Tuesday says the state needs to do a lot more to improve its salmon and steelhead hatcheries, and recommends difficult steps that could upset a lot of anglers.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sacbee.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sacbee</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/07/20/43/YNYlu.Hi.4.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPpNA\">Report recommends changes at California salmon hatcheries - The Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>Most of the salmon caught in California come from hatcheries in the Sacramento Valley, yet it turns out we don't know much about these fish even though we breed them by hand. A new study released Tuesday says the state needs to do a lot more to improve its salmon and steelhead hatcheries, and recommends difficult steps that could upset a lot of anglers.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sacbee\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpJ6','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://californiawatch.org/files/imagecache/image-insert/salmon%2005.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpJ6\\'>Politicians struggle to limit genetically altered fish</a>The latest move by politicians to limit or ban the sale of genetically modified fish has been stymied. A U.S. Senate bill, which would have prohibited the sale of genetically engineered salmon unless the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration could find the fish would cause no significant environmental harm, was withdrawn from the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee late last week.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://californiawatch.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Californiawatch</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://californiawatch.org/files/imagecache/image-insert/salmon%2005.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPpJ6\">Politicians struggle to limit genetically altered fish\u003c/a>The latest move by politicians to limit or ban the sale of genetically modified fish has been stymied. A U.S. Senate bill, which would have prohibited the sale of genetically engineered salmon unless the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration could find the fish would cause no significant environmental harm, was withdrawn from the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee late last week.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Californiawatch\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpDC','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.sfgate.com/img/modules/siteheader/brand.png\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpDC\\'>Marin breast cancer linked to vitamin D?</a>A small pilot study of Marin County women determined through testing to be at high risk for breast cancer found them to be almost twice as likely to have a variant of a vitamin D receptor as the overall population of 338 in the study.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.sfgate.com/img/modules/siteheader/brand.png\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPpDC\">Marin breast cancer linked to vitamin D?\u003c/a>A small pilot study of Marin County women determined through testing to be at high risk for breast cancer found them to be almost twice as likely to have a variant of a vitamin D receptor as the overall population of 338 in the study.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpwe','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/14/45/21/3298382/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpwe\\'>Small refinery leak leads to big disaster</a>Monday\\'s fire at the Chevron oil refinery in Richmond began with a hydrocarbon leak so small that the facility\\'s emergency response team at first thought it posed little threat to the community, a company representative said Tuesday. [...]<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/14/45/21/3298382/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPpwe\">Small refinery leak leads to big disaster\u003c/a>Monday's fire at the Chevron oil refinery in Richmond began with a hydrocarbon leak so small that the facility's emergency response team at first thought it posed little threat to the community, a company representative said Tuesday. [...]\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPplY ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2012/0807/20120807__ecct1216bridgelegs~1_VIEWER.JPG\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPplY \\'>Bay Bridge safety concerns trigger local scrutiny and Senate hearing - ContraCostaTimes.com</a>Metropolitan Transportation Commission calls foundation on new eastern span of the Bay Bridge safe, saying design and testing redundancies negate any impacts of a rogue state inspector<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Contracostatimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2012/0807/20120807__ecct1216bridgelegs~1_VIEWER.JPG\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPplY%20\">Bay Bridge safety concerns trigger local scrutiny and Senate hearing - ContraCostaTimes.com\u003c/a>Metropolitan Transportation Commission calls foundation on new eastern span of the Bay Bridge safe, saying design and testing redundancies negate any impacts of a rogue state inspector\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Contracostatimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPnF8','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2012/0308/20120308__ssjm0309lionshot~1_VIEWER.JPG\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPnF8\\'>Mountain lion hunter may be removed as president of California Fish and Game Commission - San Jose Mercury News</a>The Fish and Game Commission will vote Wednesday to remove Dan Richards, a big game hunter and outspoken conservative, as president of the commission, following his killing of a mountain lion in Idaho<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.mercurynews.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Mercurynews</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2012/0308/20120308__ssjm0309lionshot~1_VIEWER.JPG\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPnF8\">Mountain lion hunter may be removed as president of California Fish and Game Commission - San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>The Fish and Game Commission will vote Wednesday to remove Dan Richards, a big game hunter and outspoken conservative, as president of the commission, following his killing of a mountain lion in Idaho\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Here's today's KQED Science roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpUS','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/14/44/33/3294959/5/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpUS\\'>Ouch! July in US was hottest ever in history books</a>Federal scientists say July was the hottest month ever recorded in the contiguous United States. Climate scientist Jake Crouch of the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C., said the U.S. is getting a double whammy of both localized heat and drought along with effects of global warming.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/14/44/33/3294959/5/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Ouch! July in US was hottest ever in history booksFederal scientists say July was the hottest month ever recorded in the contiguous United States. Climate scientist Jake Crouch of the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C., said the U.S. is getting a double whammy of both localized heat and drought along with effects of global warming.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPrst','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://a.s.kqed.net/img/nav/og-news.png\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPrst\\'>BAAQMD Finds 23 \\'Potentially Toxic Pollutants\\' in Air Around Chevron Fire, Says \\'Well Under Exposure Levels\\' | KQED News Fix</a>Statement from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District on air quality samples the agency took around the Richmond fire: The Air District had inspectors at the scene of the August 6 Chevron fire, collecting air quality samples from the surrounding area. These were sent to the Air District\\'s lab at 6 a.m.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://a.s.kqed.net/img/nav/og-news.png\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPrst\">BAAQMD Finds 23 'Potentially Toxic Pollutants' in Air Around Chevron Fire, Says 'Well Under Exposure Levels' | KQED News Fix\u003c/a>Statement from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District on air quality samples the agency took around the Richmond fire: The Air District had inspectors at the scene of the August 6 Chevron fire, collecting air quality samples from the surrounding area. These were sent to the Air District's lab at 6 a.m.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpNA','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/07/20/43/YNYlu.Hi.4.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpNA\\'>Report recommends changes at California salmon hatcheries - The Sacramento Bee</a>Most of the salmon caught in California come from hatcheries in the Sacramento Valley, yet it turns out we don\\'t know much about these fish even though we breed them by hand. A new study released Tuesday says the state needs to do a lot more to improve its salmon and steelhead hatcheries, and recommends difficult steps that could upset a lot of anglers.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sacbee.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sacbee</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/07/20/43/YNYlu.Hi.4.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPpNA\">Report recommends changes at California salmon hatcheries - The Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>Most of the salmon caught in California come from hatcheries in the Sacramento Valley, yet it turns out we don't know much about these fish even though we breed them by hand. A new study released Tuesday says the state needs to do a lot more to improve its salmon and steelhead hatcheries, and recommends difficult steps that could upset a lot of anglers.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sacbee\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpJ6','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://californiawatch.org/files/imagecache/image-insert/salmon%2005.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpJ6\\'>Politicians struggle to limit genetically altered fish</a>The latest move by politicians to limit or ban the sale of genetically modified fish has been stymied. A U.S. Senate bill, which would have prohibited the sale of genetically engineered salmon unless the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration could find the fish would cause no significant environmental harm, was withdrawn from the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee late last week.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://californiawatch.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Californiawatch</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://californiawatch.org/files/imagecache/image-insert/salmon%2005.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPpJ6\">Politicians struggle to limit genetically altered fish\u003c/a>The latest move by politicians to limit or ban the sale of genetically modified fish has been stymied. A U.S. Senate bill, which would have prohibited the sale of genetically engineered salmon unless the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration could find the fish would cause no significant environmental harm, was withdrawn from the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee late last week.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Californiawatch\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpDC','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.sfgate.com/img/modules/siteheader/brand.png\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpDC\\'>Marin breast cancer linked to vitamin D?</a>A small pilot study of Marin County women determined through testing to be at high risk for breast cancer found them to be almost twice as likely to have a variant of a vitamin D receptor as the overall population of 338 in the study.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.sfgate.com/img/modules/siteheader/brand.png\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPpDC\">Marin breast cancer linked to vitamin D?\u003c/a>A small pilot study of Marin County women determined through testing to be at high risk for breast cancer found them to be almost twice as likely to have a variant of a vitamin D receptor as the overall population of 338 in the study.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPpwe','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/14/45/21/3298382/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPpwe\\'>Small refinery leak leads to big disaster</a>Monday\\'s fire at the Chevron oil refinery in Richmond began with a hydrocarbon leak so small that the facility\\'s emergency response team at first thought it posed little threat to the community, a company representative said Tuesday. [...]<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/14/45/21/3298382/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPpwe\">Small refinery leak leads to big disaster\u003c/a>Monday's fire at the Chevron oil refinery in Richmond began with a hydrocarbon leak so small that the facility's emergency response team at first thought it posed little threat to the community, a company representative said Tuesday. [...]\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPplY ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2012/0807/20120807__ecct1216bridgelegs~1_VIEWER.JPG\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPplY \\'>Bay Bridge safety concerns trigger local scrutiny and Senate hearing - ContraCostaTimes.com</a>Metropolitan Transportation Commission calls foundation on new eastern span of the Bay Bridge safe, saying design and testing redundancies negate any impacts of a rogue state inspector<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Contracostatimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site571/2012/0807/20120807__ecct1216bridgelegs~1_VIEWER.JPG\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPplY%20\">Bay Bridge safety concerns trigger local scrutiny and Senate hearing - ContraCostaTimes.com\u003c/a>Metropolitan Transportation Commission calls foundation on new eastern span of the Bay Bridge safe, saying design and testing redundancies negate any impacts of a rogue state inspector\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Contracostatimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cPnF8','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2012/0308/20120308__ssjm0309lionshot~1_VIEWER.JPG\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cPnF8\\'>Mountain lion hunter may be removed as president of California Fish and Game Commission - San Jose Mercury News</a>The Fish and Game Commission will vote Wednesday to remove Dan Richards, a big game hunter and outspoken conservative, as president of the commission, following his killing of a mountain lion in Idaho<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.mercurynews.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Mercurynews</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2012/0308/20120308__ssjm0309lionshot~1_VIEWER.JPG\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cPnF8\">Mountain lion hunter may be removed as president of California Fish and Game Commission - San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>The Fish and Game Commission will vote Wednesday to remove Dan Richards, a big game hunter and outspoken conservative, as president of the commission, following his killing of a mountain lion in Idaho\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Doubt and Denialism: Vaccine Myths Persist in the Face of Science",
"title": "Doubt and Denialism: Vaccine Myths Persist in the Face of Science",
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"content": "\u003cp>As a science journalist, I’m often confronted with the unsettling fact that a sizable portion of my audience rejects what scientists know is true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take two classic cases, climate change and evolution. Even though \u003ca href=\"http://environment.yale.edu/climate/files/Climate-Beliefs-March-2012.pdf\">two-thirds of Americans believe global warming is happening\u003c/a> (up 3% from last year), less than half think we’re to blame. Just 15% of Americans believe humans evolved over millions of years from archaic species, \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/155003/Hold-Creationist-View-Human-Origins.aspx\">while 46% think God created us pretty much as-is\u003c/a> sometime within the past 10,000 years. That’s right, 46%—a figure that’s barely budged since Gallup started asking the question 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s yet another evidence-impervious belief that I find most troubling. Last year, a Harris Interactive/HealthDay poll found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.harrisinteractive.com/newsroom/pressreleases/tabid/446/mid/1506/articleid/674/ctl/readcustom%20default/default.aspx\">18% of Americans think vaccines cause autism\u003c/a>—a theory that has no basis in scientific reality, doesn’t even have a plausible biological basis, and has been knocked down more times than a metal duck in a shooting gallery. (Nearly a third aren’t sure if there’s any connection, while just over half think none exists.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blithe rejection of scientific knowledge in favor of, well, fantasy has become so common that it now has a name: “denialism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denialism can take many forms, but most scholars agree that simply raising doubt about an issue can undercut the legitimacy of an entire corpus of scientific evidence in the public’s mind. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.lastwordonnothing.com/2012/04/25/the-impasse-when-the-truth-wins-assumption-fails/\">tactics for raising doubt\u003c/a> abound. Those identified by infectious disease experts in a \u003ca href=\"http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/1/2.full\">2009 commentary\u003c/a> include charges of conspiracy—for example, accusing vaccine advocates of profiting from the “vaccine-industrial complex”—and creating impossible expectations of what science can do—“absolute proof” that vaccines are safe, most recently raised by one-time “Saturday Night Live” cut-up Rob Schneider in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/01/rob-schneider-links-autism-vaccines_n_1641922.html\">bizarre interview\u003c/a>. I must point out that in \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.plos.org/thepanicvirus/2012/07/18/apparently-rob-schneider-thinks-all-caps-is-a-substitute-for-having-a-clue-a-lower-cased-fact-based-rebuttal/\">peddling his vaccine-autism insanity\u003c/a>, Schneider noted that autism was “nearly unheard of in the 1930s.” No joke. I guess he didn’t realize the syndrome wasn’t described until 1943.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opportunistic Pathogens\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn a way, that 18% still believe vaccines cause autism shows progress—down from 25% just two years ago. But unlike the idea that humans spontaneously appeared through an act of God, believing against all evidence that vaccines cause autism (or ill-defined harm) can have dangerous consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, CDC officials reported more than 18,000 cases of whooping cough (or pertussis) across the country—a rate of infection they hadn’t seen so early in the year since 1959. So far, nine babies have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had its own epidemic in 2010, with more than 9,100 cases and 10 infant deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease. But prevention depends on public compliance. And people like Schneider who doubt vaccine safety tend to consider their children’s vaccinations optional. In the 2011 poll, 86% of doubters opted out of some or all of their kids’ scheduled shots. That’s why some blame vaccine skeptics for the current epidemic. With just 84% of toddlers fully vaccinated, it’s likely skeptics play some role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But CDC officials aren’t sure what’s behind the epidemic, or why even vaccinated teenagers are getting sick. It’s possible that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/pertussis-vax-effectiveness/\">vaccine isn’t as effective as researchers hoped\u003c/a> or has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/jan-june11/pledge_03-16.html\">targeting the wrong pathogen strains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42266\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 296px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/08/doubt-and-denialism-vaccine-myths-persist-in-the-face-of-science/polio_vaccine_poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42266\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-42266\" title=\"Polio_vaccine_poster\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Polio_vaccine_poster-296x360.jpg\" alt=\"polio vaccine poster\" width=\"296\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The CDC’s national symbol of public health, the \"Wellbee\", appears in this 1963 poster to encourage the public to get the oral polio vaccine. (Image: CDC/ Mary Hilpertshauser)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What officials do know is that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a1.htm\">unvaccinated kids are eight times as likely to get pertussis as vaccinated kids\u003c/a>. And when vaccinated kids do contract the disease, it’s much milder, doesn’t last as long, and tends to be less infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why public officials are \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.plos.org/bodypolitic/2012/07/26/a-forgotten-but-crucial-cause-for-the-pertussis-epidemic/\">urging adults, especially pregnant women, to get boosters\u003c/a> to protect children still too young to be fully vaccinated. Kids get the first of five pertussis shots (plus a later booster) at 2 months. Most pertussis deaths claim children younger than 3 months old. Nine of the 10 children who died in California during the 2010 outbreak were under 8 weeks old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Separating Fears from Facts\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAll this weighed heavily on my mind last week, when I \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.plos.org/biologue/2012/07/31/could-vaccines-breed-super-virulent-malaria/\">wrote about new research\u003c/a> that could conceivably feed vaccine doubts. \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001368\">The study\u003c/a>, a fascinating investigation of experimental evolution in lab mice, found that vaccines can favor the evolution of more virulent malaria parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vicki Barclay (a postdoc in evolutionary biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvXc9aMF6CA\">Andrew Read\u003c/a>’s group at Penn State University) vaccinated mice with a malaria protein found in several vaccines now in clinical trials. She mimicked natural disease transmission by using needles instead of mosquitoes and letting parasites grow in one mouse before infecting the next one. (She did the same thing with unvaccinated mice.) Parasites that evolved in immunized mice caused more severe disease symptoms than those that evolved in unvaccinated mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inevitably, some will misconstrue these results to confirm their belief that vaccines aren’t safe. Except the findings don’t say anything about vaccine safety. They show that, from a pathogen’s point of view, medical technologies act like any other selective pressure. We spend billions to develop the most powerful drugs science can muster only to discover we’re outnumbered, outgunned, and outmaneuvered. Millions of years of evolution have endowed pathogens with survival strategies we’ve yet to imagine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lest you delude yourself into thinking we humans have an edge in this evolutionary battle, consider this: Scientists have managed to wipe out just one human pathogen. Ever. After Edward Jenner discovered a smallpox vaccine in 1798, it took nearly 200 years and an all-out international effort to eradicate this disfiguring disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Read and Barclay’s study shows, when you try to kill pathogens, they fight back. And when vaccines don’t destroy all the parasites (like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/335354/title/Malaria_vaccine_yields_protection\">malaria vaccine now in clinical trials)\u003c/a> or fail to provide lifelong immunity (like the pertussis vaccine), the survivors can evolve. And they might come back even stronger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that most people who shun government vaccine schedules \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000114\">have their children’s best interests at heart\u003c/a>. Some truly worry that vaccines may somehow cause irreversible damage to their child—and if it happened, how could they ever forgive themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But anyone who chooses not to vaccinate their kids is missing something critical: the pathogens vaccine researchers are trying so desperately to control are formidable opponents. And though scientists still have a lot to learn about how pathogens adapt to our efforts to control them, they’re sure of this much: vaccines aren’t the enemy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines rarely provide 100% protection. But they’re the state-of-the-art defense against infectious disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, if vaccine-preventable diseases like pertussis become more virulent, and there’s \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/8/pdfs/08-1511.pdf\">some evidence that this may be true\u003c/a>, those who refuse vaccination will have little recourse when their kids—or their neighbors’ kids—take ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials often say that parents who reject vaccination will realize they’ve made a terrible mistake only when these once rare childhood diseases, long controlled by vaccination, return, with tragic consequences. Why on earth would anyone want to help a deadly agent hell-bent on survival get the upper hand?\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Many people continue to doubt the evidence for climate change, evolution, and vaccine safety, even though the scientific consensus on these issues is rock solid. Among the most troubling evidence-resistant theories is the long-debunked yet persistent myth that vaccines cause autism—a completely unfounded belief--leading to general doubts about vaccine safety, with dangerous public health consequences.\r\n\r\n\r\n",
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"title": "Doubt and Denialism: Vaccine Myths Persist in the Face of Science | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a science journalist, I’m often confronted with the unsettling fact that a sizable portion of my audience rejects what scientists know is true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take two classic cases, climate change and evolution. Even though \u003ca href=\"http://environment.yale.edu/climate/files/Climate-Beliefs-March-2012.pdf\">two-thirds of Americans believe global warming is happening\u003c/a> (up 3% from last year), less than half think we’re to blame. Just 15% of Americans believe humans evolved over millions of years from archaic species, \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/155003/Hold-Creationist-View-Human-Origins.aspx\">while 46% think God created us pretty much as-is\u003c/a> sometime within the past 10,000 years. That’s right, 46%—a figure that’s barely budged since Gallup started asking the question 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s yet another evidence-impervious belief that I find most troubling. Last year, a Harris Interactive/HealthDay poll found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.harrisinteractive.com/newsroom/pressreleases/tabid/446/mid/1506/articleid/674/ctl/readcustom%20default/default.aspx\">18% of Americans think vaccines cause autism\u003c/a>—a theory that has no basis in scientific reality, doesn’t even have a plausible biological basis, and has been knocked down more times than a metal duck in a shooting gallery. (Nearly a third aren’t sure if there’s any connection, while just over half think none exists.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blithe rejection of scientific knowledge in favor of, well, fantasy has become so common that it now has a name: “denialism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denialism can take many forms, but most scholars agree that simply raising doubt about an issue can undercut the legitimacy of an entire corpus of scientific evidence in the public’s mind. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.lastwordonnothing.com/2012/04/25/the-impasse-when-the-truth-wins-assumption-fails/\">tactics for raising doubt\u003c/a> abound. Those identified by infectious disease experts in a \u003ca href=\"http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/1/2.full\">2009 commentary\u003c/a> include charges of conspiracy—for example, accusing vaccine advocates of profiting from the “vaccine-industrial complex”—and creating impossible expectations of what science can do—“absolute proof” that vaccines are safe, most recently raised by one-time “Saturday Night Live” cut-up Rob Schneider in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/01/rob-schneider-links-autism-vaccines_n_1641922.html\">bizarre interview\u003c/a>. I must point out that in \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.plos.org/thepanicvirus/2012/07/18/apparently-rob-schneider-thinks-all-caps-is-a-substitute-for-having-a-clue-a-lower-cased-fact-based-rebuttal/\">peddling his vaccine-autism insanity\u003c/a>, Schneider noted that autism was “nearly unheard of in the 1930s.” No joke. I guess he didn’t realize the syndrome wasn’t described until 1943.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opportunistic Pathogens\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn a way, that 18% still believe vaccines cause autism shows progress—down from 25% just two years ago. But unlike the idea that humans spontaneously appeared through an act of God, believing against all evidence that vaccines cause autism (or ill-defined harm) can have dangerous consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, CDC officials reported more than 18,000 cases of whooping cough (or pertussis) across the country—a rate of infection they hadn’t seen so early in the year since 1959. So far, nine babies have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had its own epidemic in 2010, with more than 9,100 cases and 10 infant deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease. But prevention depends on public compliance. And people like Schneider who doubt vaccine safety tend to consider their children’s vaccinations optional. In the 2011 poll, 86% of doubters opted out of some or all of their kids’ scheduled shots. That’s why some blame vaccine skeptics for the current epidemic. With just 84% of toddlers fully vaccinated, it’s likely skeptics play some role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But CDC officials aren’t sure what’s behind the epidemic, or why even vaccinated teenagers are getting sick. It’s possible that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/pertussis-vax-effectiveness/\">vaccine isn’t as effective as researchers hoped\u003c/a> or has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/jan-june11/pledge_03-16.html\">targeting the wrong pathogen strains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42266\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 296px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/08/doubt-and-denialism-vaccine-myths-persist-in-the-face-of-science/polio_vaccine_poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42266\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-42266\" title=\"Polio_vaccine_poster\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Polio_vaccine_poster-296x360.jpg\" alt=\"polio vaccine poster\" width=\"296\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The CDC’s national symbol of public health, the \"Wellbee\", appears in this 1963 poster to encourage the public to get the oral polio vaccine. (Image: CDC/ Mary Hilpertshauser)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What officials do know is that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a1.htm\">unvaccinated kids are eight times as likely to get pertussis as vaccinated kids\u003c/a>. And when vaccinated kids do contract the disease, it’s much milder, doesn’t last as long, and tends to be less infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why public officials are \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.plos.org/bodypolitic/2012/07/26/a-forgotten-but-crucial-cause-for-the-pertussis-epidemic/\">urging adults, especially pregnant women, to get boosters\u003c/a> to protect children still too young to be fully vaccinated. Kids get the first of five pertussis shots (plus a later booster) at 2 months. Most pertussis deaths claim children younger than 3 months old. Nine of the 10 children who died in California during the 2010 outbreak were under 8 weeks old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Separating Fears from Facts\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAll this weighed heavily on my mind last week, when I \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.plos.org/biologue/2012/07/31/could-vaccines-breed-super-virulent-malaria/\">wrote about new research\u003c/a> that could conceivably feed vaccine doubts. \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001368\">The study\u003c/a>, a fascinating investigation of experimental evolution in lab mice, found that vaccines can favor the evolution of more virulent malaria parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vicki Barclay (a postdoc in evolutionary biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvXc9aMF6CA\">Andrew Read\u003c/a>’s group at Penn State University) vaccinated mice with a malaria protein found in several vaccines now in clinical trials. She mimicked natural disease transmission by using needles instead of mosquitoes and letting parasites grow in one mouse before infecting the next one. (She did the same thing with unvaccinated mice.) Parasites that evolved in immunized mice caused more severe disease symptoms than those that evolved in unvaccinated mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inevitably, some will misconstrue these results to confirm their belief that vaccines aren’t safe. Except the findings don’t say anything about vaccine safety. They show that, from a pathogen’s point of view, medical technologies act like any other selective pressure. We spend billions to develop the most powerful drugs science can muster only to discover we’re outnumbered, outgunned, and outmaneuvered. Millions of years of evolution have endowed pathogens with survival strategies we’ve yet to imagine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lest you delude yourself into thinking we humans have an edge in this evolutionary battle, consider this: Scientists have managed to wipe out just one human pathogen. Ever. After Edward Jenner discovered a smallpox vaccine in 1798, it took nearly 200 years and an all-out international effort to eradicate this disfiguring disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Read and Barclay’s study shows, when you try to kill pathogens, they fight back. And when vaccines don’t destroy all the parasites (like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/335354/title/Malaria_vaccine_yields_protection\">malaria vaccine now in clinical trials)\u003c/a> or fail to provide lifelong immunity (like the pertussis vaccine), the survivors can evolve. And they might come back even stronger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that most people who shun government vaccine schedules \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000114\">have their children’s best interests at heart\u003c/a>. Some truly worry that vaccines may somehow cause irreversible damage to their child—and if it happened, how could they ever forgive themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But anyone who chooses not to vaccinate their kids is missing something critical: the pathogens vaccine researchers are trying so desperately to control are formidable opponents. And though scientists still have a lot to learn about how pathogens adapt to our efforts to control them, they’re sure of this much: vaccines aren’t the enemy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines rarely provide 100% protection. But they’re the state-of-the-art defense against infectious disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, if vaccine-preventable diseases like pertussis become more virulent, and there’s \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/8/pdfs/08-1511.pdf\">some evidence that this may be true\u003c/a>, those who refuse vaccination will have little recourse when their kids—or their neighbors’ kids—take ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials often say that parents who reject vaccination will realize they’ve made a terrible mistake only when these once rare childhood diseases, long controlled by vaccination, return, with tragic consequences. Why on earth would anyone want to help a deadly agent hell-bent on survival get the upper hand?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stunning Solar Visualizations: The Sun's Van Gogh-like Artistry",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42313\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/07/stunning-solar-visualizations-the-suns-van-gogh-like-artistry/669170main_20100619-map2-670/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42313\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/669170main_20100619-map2-670.jpg\" alt=\"Image of the sun and visualization of temperature changes in the same area\" title=\"669170main_20100619-map2-670\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42313\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/669170main_20100619-map2-670.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/669170main_20100619-map2-670-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Colorized image captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Credit: NASA/SDO. Right: Visualization, based on the image on the left, using specific colors to describe which areas on the sun cooled or heated over a 12-hour period. Credit: NASA/Viall.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While nearly all eyes are focused on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/nasas-mars-lander-the-exploration-begins/\" title=\"KQED QUEST - Mars Lander\">Mars\u003c/a>, two astophysicists at NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html\" title=\"Goddard Space Flight Center\">Goddard Space Flight Center\u003c/a> have been quietly staring at the sun instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2010, NASA debuted the Living With a Star program with the \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/mission/about.php\" title=\"Solar Dynamics Observatory\">Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/a>, or SDO, a \"sun-pointing semi-autonomous spacecraft.\" SDO sends data back to earth at a continuous 130 megabits per second, seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day. Scientists Nicholeen Viall and James Klimchuk have used some of this mass of information to create solar images worthy of an art gallery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 293px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/07/stunning-solar-visualizations-the-suns-van-gogh-like-artistry/time_lag_maps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42314\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/time_lag_maps-293x360.png\" alt=\"Solar visualizations, Figure 5A from Viall and Klimchuk 2012\" title=\"time_lag_maps\" width=\"293\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-42314\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar visualizations; Figure 5a from {link url=http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.4001.pdf}Viall and Klimchuck 2012{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These beautiful pictures, which NASA writer \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/colorful-science.html\" title=\"NASA - Colorful Science\">Karen C. Fox\u003c/a> calls \"reminiscent of van Gogh,\" are not only fit to hang on your living room wall, but represent a critical step toward solving a major puzzle of \u003cem>heliophysics\u003c/em> (that's my new favorite word, by the way): \u003cstrong>Why is the sun's corona so hot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you may remember from childhood sing-a-longs, \u003cem>The sun is a mass of incandescent gas / a gigantic nuclear furnace / where hydrogen is built into helium / at temperatures of millions of degrees\u003c/em>. (Fun fact: though most of my contemporaries know that song from the They Might Be Giants cover, I know it from the original 1959 album \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Songs\" title=\"Wikipedia - Space Songs\">\"Space Songs\"\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the surface of the sun is actually only 6000 degrees Kelvin, while the corona (the sun's outer atmosphere) climbs well above a million. What's the deal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have begun to approach this question with painstaking studies of very small bits of the corona called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop\" title=\"Wikipedia - Coronal loops\">coronal loops\u003c/a>. They've found that these loops carry plasma that has been heated very quickly by nanoflare storms. The loops then cool gradually over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42335\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/07/stunning-solar-visualizations-the-suns-van-gogh-like-artistry/240px-traceimage/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42335\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage.jpg\" alt=\"coronal loops\" title=\"240px-Traceimage\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42335\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coronal loops. Credit: NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But is this method of quick heating and slow cooling unique to loops, or does it apply to the corona as a whole? It has been difficult for scientists to study larger areas of the corona in this context, because of the sheer volume of data that must be parsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viall's technique has the brilliance of all good science visualization: condensing a large amount of information into a straightforward image without having to discard anything. A computer program simply follows one pixel at a time through a series of SDO images, calculating the change in temperature over time and then assigning the pixel a representative color. Reds and yellows mean that an area cooled down, while blues and greens indicate that it heated up. (See \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=148694021\" title=\"NASA - Van Gogh Sun\">NASA's video\u003c/a> for a visualization of the visualization.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viall and Klimchuk found that most of the large area they studied started out super-hot--up to 7 million K, half the temperature of the center of sun--and cooled over the course of a day to under 1 million K. This is what you'd expect from heating via the nanoflare storms characteristic of coronal loops, so it appears that nanoflares \u003cem>may\u003c/em> be able to answer the whole question of coronal heating. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their paper is available for free on the \u003ca href=\"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.4001.pdf\" title=\"arXiv - Viall and Klimchuk\">arXiv\u003c/a> and for money in \u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/753/1/35\" title=\"Viall and Klimchuk - Astrophysical Journal\">The Astrophysical Journal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My next question is, where can I order one of these heliophysical van Goghs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>h/t to \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/news_articles/visualizing_science_and_what_it_can_show_us_about_solar_heating-92267\" title=\"Science 2.0 - Solar Heating\">Science2.0\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42313\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/07/stunning-solar-visualizations-the-suns-van-gogh-like-artistry/669170main_20100619-map2-670/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42313\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/669170main_20100619-map2-670.jpg\" alt=\"Image of the sun and visualization of temperature changes in the same area\" title=\"669170main_20100619-map2-670\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42313\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/669170main_20100619-map2-670.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/669170main_20100619-map2-670-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Colorized image captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Credit: NASA/SDO. Right: Visualization, based on the image on the left, using specific colors to describe which areas on the sun cooled or heated over a 12-hour period. Credit: NASA/Viall.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While nearly all eyes are focused on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/nasas-mars-lander-the-exploration-begins/\" title=\"KQED QUEST - Mars Lander\">Mars\u003c/a>, two astophysicists at NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html\" title=\"Goddard Space Flight Center\">Goddard Space Flight Center\u003c/a> have been quietly staring at the sun instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2010, NASA debuted the Living With a Star program with the \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/mission/about.php\" title=\"Solar Dynamics Observatory\">Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/a>, or SDO, a \"sun-pointing semi-autonomous spacecraft.\" SDO sends data back to earth at a continuous 130 megabits per second, seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day. Scientists Nicholeen Viall and James Klimchuk have used some of this mass of information to create solar images worthy of an art gallery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 293px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/07/stunning-solar-visualizations-the-suns-van-gogh-like-artistry/time_lag_maps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42314\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/time_lag_maps-293x360.png\" alt=\"Solar visualizations, Figure 5A from Viall and Klimchuk 2012\" title=\"time_lag_maps\" width=\"293\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-42314\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar visualizations; Figure 5a from {link url=http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.4001.pdf}Viall and Klimchuck 2012{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These beautiful pictures, which NASA writer \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/colorful-science.html\" title=\"NASA - Colorful Science\">Karen C. Fox\u003c/a> calls \"reminiscent of van Gogh,\" are not only fit to hang on your living room wall, but represent a critical step toward solving a major puzzle of \u003cem>heliophysics\u003c/em> (that's my new favorite word, by the way): \u003cstrong>Why is the sun's corona so hot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you may remember from childhood sing-a-longs, \u003cem>The sun is a mass of incandescent gas / a gigantic nuclear furnace / where hydrogen is built into helium / at temperatures of millions of degrees\u003c/em>. (Fun fact: though most of my contemporaries know that song from the They Might Be Giants cover, I know it from the original 1959 album \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Songs\" title=\"Wikipedia - Space Songs\">\"Space Songs\"\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the surface of the sun is actually only 6000 degrees Kelvin, while the corona (the sun's outer atmosphere) climbs well above a million. What's the deal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have begun to approach this question with painstaking studies of very small bits of the corona called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop\" title=\"Wikipedia - Coronal loops\">coronal loops\u003c/a>. They've found that these loops carry plasma that has been heated very quickly by nanoflare storms. The loops then cool gradually over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42335\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/07/stunning-solar-visualizations-the-suns-van-gogh-like-artistry/240px-traceimage/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42335\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage.jpg\" alt=\"coronal loops\" title=\"240px-Traceimage\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42335\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/240px-Traceimage-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coronal loops. Credit: NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But is this method of quick heating and slow cooling unique to loops, or does it apply to the corona as a whole? It has been difficult for scientists to study larger areas of the corona in this context, because of the sheer volume of data that must be parsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viall's technique has the brilliance of all good science visualization: condensing a large amount of information into a straightforward image without having to discard anything. A computer program simply follows one pixel at a time through a series of SDO images, calculating the change in temperature over time and then assigning the pixel a representative color. Reds and yellows mean that an area cooled down, while blues and greens indicate that it heated up. (See \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=148694021\" title=\"NASA - Van Gogh Sun\">NASA's video\u003c/a> for a visualization of the visualization.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viall and Klimchuk found that most of the large area they studied started out super-hot--up to 7 million K, half the temperature of the center of sun--and cooled over the course of a day to under 1 million K. This is what you'd expect from heating via the nanoflare storms characteristic of coronal loops, so it appears that nanoflares \u003cem>may\u003c/em> be able to answer the whole question of coronal heating. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their paper is available for free on the \u003ca href=\"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.4001.pdf\" title=\"arXiv - Viall and Klimchuk\">arXiv\u003c/a> and for money in \u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/753/1/35\" title=\"Viall and Klimchuk - Astrophysical Journal\">The Astrophysical Journal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My next question is, where can I order one of these heliophysical van Goghs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>h/t to \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/news_articles/visualizing_science_and_what_it_can_show_us_about_solar_heating-92267\" title=\"Science 2.0 - Solar Heating\">Science2.0\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "NASA's New Rover Sends Back 1st Color Image - 8/7 KQED Science News Roundup",
"title": "NASA's New Rover Sends Back 1st Color Image - 8/7 KQED Science News Roundup",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cNwre ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://hosted.ap.org/photos/8/846fe994-5110-45ea-95a6-803416367336-small.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cNwre \\'>News from The Associated Press</a>PASADENA, Calif. (AP) -- NASA\\'s Curiosity rover has beamed back its first color photo from the ancient crater where it landed on Mars and a video showing the last 2 1/2 minutes of its white-knuckle dive through the Martian atmosphere, a sneak peek of a spacecraft landing on another world.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://hosted.ap.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Ap</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://hosted.ap.org/photos/8/846fe994-5110-45ea-95a6-803416367336-small.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">NASA's New Rover Sends Back 1st Color ImagePASADENA, Calif. (AP) -- NASA's Curiosity rover has beamed back its first color photo from the ancient crater where it landed on Mars and a video showing the last 2 1/2 minutes of its white-knuckle dive through the Martian atmosphere, a sneak peek of a spacecraft landing on another world.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Ap\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cMSo4 ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2012/08/07/us/07climate-cnd/07climate-cnd-thumbLarge.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cMSo4 \\'>Extreme Heat Is Covering More of the Earth, a Study Says</a>The percentage of the Earth\\'s land surface covered by extreme heat in the summer has soared in recent decades, from less than 1 percent in the years before 1980 to as much as 13 percent in recent years, according to a new scientific paper.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.nytimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Nytimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2012/08/07/us/07climate-cnd/07climate-cnd-thumbLarge.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Extreme Heat Is Covering More of the Earth, a Study SaysThe percentage of the Earth's land surface covered by extreme heat in the summer has soared in recent decades, from less than 1 percent in the years before 1980 to as much as 13 percent in recent years, according to a new scientific paper.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cNvWb ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/files/2012/08/robbers3_placercounty-300x210.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cNvWb \\'>Study: Fire Will Pose Greater Risk to California Homes in Years Ahead</a>Study: Fire Will Pose Greater Risk to California Homes in Years Ahead Forecast: warmer, drier and more of us in harm\\'s way As notices begin to arrive in the mail to nearly 850,000 California residences in fire-prone areas for Cal Fire\\'s controversial new fire prevention fee, a study out of the University of California Merced offers a powerful rationale for beefing up the state\\'s wildland firefighting resources.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/files/2012/08/robbers3_placercounty-300x210.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cNvWb%20\">Study: Fire Will Pose Greater Risk to California Homes in Years Ahead\u003c/a>Study: Fire Will Pose Greater Risk to California Homes in Years Ahead Forecast: warmer, drier and more of us in harm's way As notices begin to arrive in the mail to nearly 850,000 California residences in fire-prone areas for Cal Fire's controversial new fire prevention fee, a study out of the University of California Merced offers a powerful rationale for beefing up the state's wildland firefighting resources.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cNwVU ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/08/06/_12803747_wide.jpg?t=1344309380&s=2\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cNwVU \\'>Growing Pains: Nations Balance Growth, Power Needs : NPR</a>India\\'s massive power outage last week points to a major problem for developing nations: supply is struggling to keep up with the growing demand - an imbalance that can affect the reliability of electric grids. Grid catastrophes are rare, but blackouts can be an everyday feature of life.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.npr.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Npr</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/08/06/_12803747_wide.jpg?t=1344309380&s=2\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cNwVU%20\">Growing Pains: Nations Balance Growth, Power Needs : NPR\u003c/a>India's massive power outage last week points to a major problem for developing nations: supply is struggling to keep up with the growing demand - an imbalance that can affect the reliability of electric grids. Grid catastrophes are rare, but blackouts can be an everyday feature of life.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Npr\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cMSmG','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/common/icons/t_wb_75.gif\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cMSmG\\'>Alzheimer\\'s Drug Trials Halted by Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer</a>Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer announced on Monday that they were halting development of a closely watched Alzheimer\\'s drug after two clinical trials failed to show that it was effective in patients with mild to moderate forms of the disease.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.nytimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Nytimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/common/icons/t_wb_75.gif\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Alzheimer's Drug Trials Halted by Johnson & Johnson and PfizerJohnson & Johnson and Pfizer announced on Monday that they were halting development of a closely watched Alzheimer's drug after two clinical trials failed to show that it was effective in patients with mild to moderate forms of the disease.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cNxZu','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2012/08/07/46147.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cNxZu\\'>One Per Cent: Google Earth for cells lets biologists zoom in</a>Hal Hodson, technology reporter (Image: O. Louis Mazzatenta/ National Geographic/Getty) Think of it as Google Earth for life itself. An entire zebrafish embryo has been mapped down to nanometre resolution, using a new processing technique which combines thousands of electron microscope slides to form a highly detailed image.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.newscientist.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Newscientist</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2012/08/07/46147.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cNxZu\">One Per Cent: Google Earth for cells lets biologists zoom in\u003c/a>Hal Hodson, technology reporter (Image: O. Louis Mazzatenta/ National Geographic/Getty) Think of it as Google Earth for life itself. An entire zebrafish embryo has been mapped down to nanometre resolution, using a new processing technique which combines thousands of electron microscope slides to form a highly detailed image.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Newscientist\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cNwre ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://hosted.ap.org/photos/8/846fe994-5110-45ea-95a6-803416367336-small.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cNwre \\'>News from The Associated Press</a>PASADENA, Calif. (AP) -- NASA\\'s Curiosity rover has beamed back its first color photo from the ancient crater where it landed on Mars and a video showing the last 2 1/2 minutes of its white-knuckle dive through the Martian atmosphere, a sneak peek of a spacecraft landing on another world.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://hosted.ap.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Ap</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://hosted.ap.org/photos/8/846fe994-5110-45ea-95a6-803416367336-small.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">NASA's New Rover Sends Back 1st Color ImagePASADENA, Calif. (AP) -- NASA's Curiosity rover has beamed back its first color photo from the ancient crater where it landed on Mars and a video showing the last 2 1/2 minutes of its white-knuckle dive through the Martian atmosphere, a sneak peek of a spacecraft landing on another world.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Ap\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cMSo4 ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2012/08/07/us/07climate-cnd/07climate-cnd-thumbLarge.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cMSo4 \\'>Extreme Heat Is Covering More of the Earth, a Study Says</a>The percentage of the Earth\\'s land surface covered by extreme heat in the summer has soared in recent decades, from less than 1 percent in the years before 1980 to as much as 13 percent in recent years, according to a new scientific paper.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.nytimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Nytimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2012/08/07/us/07climate-cnd/07climate-cnd-thumbLarge.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Extreme Heat Is Covering More of the Earth, a Study SaysThe percentage of the Earth's land surface covered by extreme heat in the summer has soared in recent decades, from less than 1 percent in the years before 1980 to as much as 13 percent in recent years, according to a new scientific paper.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cNvWb ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/files/2012/08/robbers3_placercounty-300x210.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cNvWb \\'>Study: Fire Will Pose Greater Risk to California Homes in Years Ahead</a>Study: Fire Will Pose Greater Risk to California Homes in Years Ahead Forecast: warmer, drier and more of us in harm\\'s way As notices begin to arrive in the mail to nearly 850,000 California residences in fire-prone areas for Cal Fire\\'s controversial new fire prevention fee, a study out of the University of California Merced offers a powerful rationale for beefing up the state\\'s wildland firefighting resources.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://blogs.kqed.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Kqed</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/files/2012/08/robbers3_placercounty-300x210.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cNvWb%20\">Study: Fire Will Pose Greater Risk to California Homes in Years Ahead\u003c/a>Study: Fire Will Pose Greater Risk to California Homes in Years Ahead Forecast: warmer, drier and more of us in harm's way As notices begin to arrive in the mail to nearly 850,000 California residences in fire-prone areas for Cal Fire's controversial new fire prevention fee, a study out of the University of California Merced offers a powerful rationale for beefing up the state's wildland firefighting resources.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cNwVU ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/08/06/_12803747_wide.jpg?t=1344309380&s=2\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cNwVU \\'>Growing Pains: Nations Balance Growth, Power Needs : NPR</a>India\\'s massive power outage last week points to a major problem for developing nations: supply is struggling to keep up with the growing demand - an imbalance that can affect the reliability of electric grids. Grid catastrophes are rare, but blackouts can be an everyday feature of life.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.npr.org\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Npr</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/08/06/_12803747_wide.jpg?t=1344309380&s=2\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cNwVU%20\">Growing Pains: Nations Balance Growth, Power Needs : NPR\u003c/a>India's massive power outage last week points to a major problem for developing nations: supply is struggling to keep up with the growing demand - an imbalance that can affect the reliability of electric grids. Grid catastrophes are rare, but blackouts can be an everyday feature of life.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Npr\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cMSmG','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/common/icons/t_wb_75.gif\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cMSmG\\'>Alzheimer\\'s Drug Trials Halted by Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer</a>Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer announced on Monday that they were halting development of a closely watched Alzheimer\\'s drug after two clinical trials failed to show that it was effective in patients with mild to moderate forms of the disease.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.nytimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Nytimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/common/icons/t_wb_75.gif\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Alzheimer's Drug Trials Halted by Johnson & Johnson and PfizerJohnson & Johnson and Pfizer announced on Monday that they were halting development of a closely watched Alzheimer's drug after two clinical trials failed to show that it was effective in patients with mild to moderate forms of the disease.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cNxZu','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2012/08/07/46147.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cNxZu\\'>One Per Cent: Google Earth for cells lets biologists zoom in</a>Hal Hodson, technology reporter (Image: O. Louis Mazzatenta/ National Geographic/Getty) Think of it as Google Earth for life itself. An entire zebrafish embryo has been mapped down to nanometre resolution, using a new processing technique which combines thousands of electron microscope slides to form a highly detailed image.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.newscientist.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Newscientist</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2012/08/07/46147.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cNxZu\">One Per Cent: Google Earth for cells lets biologists zoom in\u003c/a>Hal Hodson, technology reporter (Image: O. Louis Mazzatenta/ National Geographic/Getty) Think of it as Google Earth for life itself. An entire zebrafish embryo has been mapped down to nanometre resolution, using a new processing technique which combines thousands of electron microscope slides to form a highly detailed image.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Newscientist\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "NASA's Mars Lander: The Exploration Begins",
"headTitle": "NASA’s Mars Lander: The Exploration Begins | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/08/2012-08-06-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/PIA15791_modest.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/PIA15791_modest-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (photo courtesy NASA)\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-41804\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Sunday night, scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena cheered as the Curiosity lander ended its 352 million-mile journey, arriving – intact – onto the surface of Mars. The nail-biting landing procedure had been called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=1090\">Seven Minutes of Terror\u003c/a>,” based on how long it took the lander to cut its speed from 13 thousand miles an hour… to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For scientists at NASA Ames in Moffet Field, the work is just beginning. NASA Ames senior scientist David Blake designed CheMin, one of the scientific instruments that hitched a ride to Mars aboard Curiosity. \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/instruments/spectrometers/chemin/\">CheMin\u003c/a>, short for Chemistry & Mineralogy, uses x-ray diffraction to analyze soil and rock samples that the nuclear-powered rover will collect as it explores the Martian surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That data, which will be transmitted back to Earth, may help scientists solve one of the Red Planet’s most compelling mysteries: whether water once flowed over its now-parched surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission is expected to last two years, but could go on much longer, depending on Curiosity’s life span. The lander can meander up to 12 miles over the Martian surface, with a speed limit of about 300 feet per hour. All the while, Curiosity’s 17 cameras are designed to stream images back to Earth of what it finds.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nKQED News anchor Joshua Johnson spoke with NASA’s David Blake just hours after the landing.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Good morning!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake: \u003c/strong>Good morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Congratulations, first of all. I’m sure you were up all night watching the landing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well, yeah, to say it was exciting is an understatement. You know once the vehicle hit the atmosphere of Mars, and things went so fast, it was almost like your brain couldn’t follow, and when those first thumbnails came down, it was just pandemonium. Everybody just erupted and started screaming and hugging each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> I imagine that seven minutes started to feel like seven seconds as the time slowed down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> It was amazing, and the control room was live saying ‘OK the heat shield has been released. OK the parachute has been deployed. The sky crane is operating.’ It was just unbelievable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> So tell me a little bit about where Curiosity landed? Why did you choose this particular spot? And did the lander hit its mark?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well, we think it did. We don’t know exactly where it landed but its certain it landed within the ellipse. Gale Crater is one of the oldest and deepest craters on Mars and we know that very early on Mars’ time it filled to the brim with sediment and that sediment solidified to make a rock and then later on a lot of that sediment was eroded out by wind and we are left with this big mountain in the middle called, we call it Mount Sharp. And Mount Sharp is 5,000 meters of stratify sediment and the geologist can basically read this like a book, so we are going to start from the bottom and work our way up and this will tell us a lot about the conditions of very early Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> It sounds like, to put this in some perspective, it’s almost like landing this device at the bottom of the Grand Canyon. Is what it sounds like. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Yeah, it is very similar, similar distance down, actually greater distance of strata. And so the rover planners have actually figured out, they figured this out from pictures long ago, long ago being months, where we are going to go if we land where we say we did and going up in a canyon and to the left and to the right So they have the plans of where to go already done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Here in the Bay Area it sounds like scientists worked on one aspect of the lander, in particular called CheMin. Describe what CheMin is and how it works?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well CheMin is one of two laboratory quality instruments that’s inside the body of the rover, and what CheMin does is it determines the mineralogy of all the sediments, or the drilled rock, that is delivered to it by the arm of the rover. And the interesting thing about minerals is that, if you know the minerals that are present in a rock, you can say what the environment was in which the rock formed. And so, what CheMin will do is it will tell you the conditions of formation of these rocks that are 3.5 – 4 billion years old in Gale Crater on Mount Sharp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> And that would also include if there was once water there, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well, that’s exactly right. We know from orbital assets that like the CRISM instrument on Mars’ reconnaissance orbiter that there are hydrated minerals, such as clays and hydrated sulfates, that are present where we are. And these hydrated minerals, we will be able to tell them with CheMin very easily. And these hydrated minerals tell us that there very likely was a habitable environment – that is, an environment where life could have begun or could have persisted over time very early in Mars history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Let’s finish with the two big questions, how soon do we see results and how soon do we send people to Mars?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> We are going to get pictures back really continuously starting last night and certainly today. My instrument would not really deliver a result for probably three weeks to a month, and the reason being is that engineers are testing everything out, and we are kind of in the last of a first time use series. So by the time everything is checked out and the arm and the drill, then they will deliver a sample to us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> And in terms of sending people to Mars? That’s a long ways off I imagine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> That’s kind of at the end of the chart. We are a step along the way. That’s just a huge challenge even compared to this, which was, to me, other worldly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Well it’s incredible that you got this far. Congratulations, David Blake is senior scientist at NASA AMES, in Moffett Field. Thank you for talking with us, and again, congratulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well thank you. It was very enjoyable. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>More Pictures of Curiosity Lander and Landing Site\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41810\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/MtSharp_insideGayleCrater.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Destination: Gale Crater (photo: NASA)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/MtSharp_insideGayleCrater.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/MtSharp_insideGayleCrater-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curiosity will land near the foot of Mt. Sharp, inside Gale Crater. Over its two-year mission, Curiosity will explore the crater and mountain to investigate whether this area of Mars has ever offered conditions favorable for life.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41811\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-in-profile.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"The Curiosity rover in profile (Photo: NASA)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-in-profile.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-in-profile-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About the size of a small SUV, NASA's Curiosity rover has six-wheel drive and the ability to turn in place a full 360 degrees, as well as the agility to climb steep hills. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41812\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-cameras.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Rover cameras ( photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41812\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-cameras.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-cameras-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curiosity is equipped with 17 cameras, and the capability to send high-definition images of the Martian surface back to Earth. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "NASA's Curiosity lander has ended its 352 million-mile journey, landing safely on the surface of Mars. For scientists at NASA Ames in Moffet Field, the work is just beginning. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/08/2012-08-06-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/PIA15791_modest.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/PIA15791_modest-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (photo courtesy NASA)\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-41804\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Sunday night, scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena cheered as the Curiosity lander ended its 352 million-mile journey, arriving – intact – onto the surface of Mars. The nail-biting landing procedure had been called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=1090\">Seven Minutes of Terror\u003c/a>,” based on how long it took the lander to cut its speed from 13 thousand miles an hour… to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For scientists at NASA Ames in Moffet Field, the work is just beginning. NASA Ames senior scientist David Blake designed CheMin, one of the scientific instruments that hitched a ride to Mars aboard Curiosity. \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/instruments/spectrometers/chemin/\">CheMin\u003c/a>, short for Chemistry & Mineralogy, uses x-ray diffraction to analyze soil and rock samples that the nuclear-powered rover will collect as it explores the Martian surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That data, which will be transmitted back to Earth, may help scientists solve one of the Red Planet’s most compelling mysteries: whether water once flowed over its now-parched surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission is expected to last two years, but could go on much longer, depending on Curiosity’s life span. The lander can meander up to 12 miles over the Martian surface, with a speed limit of about 300 feet per hour. All the while, Curiosity’s 17 cameras are designed to stream images back to Earth of what it finds.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nKQED News anchor Joshua Johnson spoke with NASA’s David Blake just hours after the landing.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Good morning!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake: \u003c/strong>Good morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Congratulations, first of all. I’m sure you were up all night watching the landing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well, yeah, to say it was exciting is an understatement. You know once the vehicle hit the atmosphere of Mars, and things went so fast, it was almost like your brain couldn’t follow, and when those first thumbnails came down, it was just pandemonium. Everybody just erupted and started screaming and hugging each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> I imagine that seven minutes started to feel like seven seconds as the time slowed down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> It was amazing, and the control room was live saying ‘OK the heat shield has been released. OK the parachute has been deployed. The sky crane is operating.’ It was just unbelievable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> So tell me a little bit about where Curiosity landed? Why did you choose this particular spot? And did the lander hit its mark?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well, we think it did. We don’t know exactly where it landed but its certain it landed within the ellipse. Gale Crater is one of the oldest and deepest craters on Mars and we know that very early on Mars’ time it filled to the brim with sediment and that sediment solidified to make a rock and then later on a lot of that sediment was eroded out by wind and we are left with this big mountain in the middle called, we call it Mount Sharp. And Mount Sharp is 5,000 meters of stratify sediment and the geologist can basically read this like a book, so we are going to start from the bottom and work our way up and this will tell us a lot about the conditions of very early Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> It sounds like, to put this in some perspective, it’s almost like landing this device at the bottom of the Grand Canyon. Is what it sounds like. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Yeah, it is very similar, similar distance down, actually greater distance of strata. And so the rover planners have actually figured out, they figured this out from pictures long ago, long ago being months, where we are going to go if we land where we say we did and going up in a canyon and to the left and to the right So they have the plans of where to go already done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Here in the Bay Area it sounds like scientists worked on one aspect of the lander, in particular called CheMin. Describe what CheMin is and how it works?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well CheMin is one of two laboratory quality instruments that’s inside the body of the rover, and what CheMin does is it determines the mineralogy of all the sediments, or the drilled rock, that is delivered to it by the arm of the rover. And the interesting thing about minerals is that, if you know the minerals that are present in a rock, you can say what the environment was in which the rock formed. And so, what CheMin will do is it will tell you the conditions of formation of these rocks that are 3.5 – 4 billion years old in Gale Crater on Mount Sharp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> And that would also include if there was once water there, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well, that’s exactly right. We know from orbital assets that like the CRISM instrument on Mars’ reconnaissance orbiter that there are hydrated minerals, such as clays and hydrated sulfates, that are present where we are. And these hydrated minerals, we will be able to tell them with CheMin very easily. And these hydrated minerals tell us that there very likely was a habitable environment – that is, an environment where life could have begun or could have persisted over time very early in Mars history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Let’s finish with the two big questions, how soon do we see results and how soon do we send people to Mars?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> We are going to get pictures back really continuously starting last night and certainly today. My instrument would not really deliver a result for probably three weeks to a month, and the reason being is that engineers are testing everything out, and we are kind of in the last of a first time use series. So by the time everything is checked out and the arm and the drill, then they will deliver a sample to us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> And in terms of sending people to Mars? That’s a long ways off I imagine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> That’s kind of at the end of the chart. We are a step along the way. That’s just a huge challenge even compared to this, which was, to me, other worldly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson:\u003c/strong> Well it’s incredible that you got this far. Congratulations, David Blake is senior scientist at NASA AMES, in Moffett Field. Thank you for talking with us, and again, congratulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blake:\u003c/strong> Well thank you. It was very enjoyable. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>More Pictures of Curiosity Lander and Landing Site\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41810\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/MtSharp_insideGayleCrater.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Destination: Gale Crater (photo: NASA)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/MtSharp_insideGayleCrater.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/MtSharp_insideGayleCrater-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curiosity will land near the foot of Mt. Sharp, inside Gale Crater. Over its two-year mission, Curiosity will explore the crater and mountain to investigate whether this area of Mars has ever offered conditions favorable for life.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41811\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-in-profile.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"The Curiosity rover in profile (Photo: NASA)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-in-profile.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-in-profile-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About the size of a small SUV, NASA's Curiosity rover has six-wheel drive and the ability to turn in place a full 360 degrees, as well as the agility to climb steep hills. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41812\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-cameras.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Rover cameras ( photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41812\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-cameras.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Rover-cameras-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curiosity is equipped with 17 cameras, and the capability to send high-definition images of the Martian surface back to Earth. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "NASA’s Curiosity Rover Successfully Lands on Mars - 8/6 KQED Science News Roundup",
"title": "NASA’s Curiosity Rover Successfully Lands on Mars - 8/6 KQED Science News Roundup",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/science/space/curiosity-rover-lands-safely-on-mars.html?_r=1&hp','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/common/icons/t_wb_75.gif\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/science/space/curiosity-rover-lands-safely-on-mars.html?_r=1&hp\\'>Curiosity Rover Lands Safely on Mars</a>PASADENA, Calif. - The Curiosity has landed. With pride, relief and exhilaration, NASA engineers and officials erupted in cheers and hugs early Monday morning with confirmation that the Curiosity, a car-sized, plutonium-powered robotic rover, had landed safely on the surface of Mars. \\"Touchdown confirmed,\\" Allen Chen, the engineer in the control room providing commentary, said at 1:32 a.m.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.nytimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Nytimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/common/icons/t_wb_75.gif\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/science/space/curiosity-rover-lands-safely-on-mars.html?_r=1&hp\">Curiosity Rover Lands Safely on Mars\u003c/a>PASADENA, Calif. - The Curiosity has landed. With pride, relief and exhilaration, NASA engineers and officials erupted in cheers and hugs early Monday morning with confirmation that the Curiosity, a car-sized, plutonium-powered robotic rover, had landed safely on the surface of Mars. \"Touchdown confirmed,\" Allen Chen, the engineer in the control room providing commentary, said at 1:32 a.m.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVvK','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/14/25/24/3233036/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVvK\\'>DNA study pushes back polar bears origin</a>DNA study pushes back polar bears origin [...] those snippets represented only selected bits; the new study, by Webb Miller and Stephan C. Schuster of Penn State, Charlotte Lindqvist of the University at Buffalo, and an international team of 23 other scientists, looked at the full genomes of polar bears, brown bears and black bears.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/14/25/24/3233036/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cKVvK\">DNA study pushes back polar bears origin\u003c/a>DNA study pushes back polar bears origin [...] those snippets represented only selected bits; the new study, by Webb Miller and Stephan C. Schuster of Penn State, Charlotte Lindqvist of the University at Buffalo, and an international team of 23 other scientists, looked at the full genomes of polar bears, brown bears and black bears.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVwm','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/14/42/00/3285009/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVwm\\'>New study links current events to climate change</a>WASHINGTON (AP) â The relentless, weather-gone-crazy type of heat that has blistered the United States and other parts of the world in recent years is so rare that it can\\'t be anything but man-made global warming, says a new statistical analysis from a top government scientist.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/14/42/00/3285009/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">New study links current events to climate changeWASHINGTON (AP) â The relentless, weather-gone-crazy type of heat that has blistered the United States and other parts of the world in recent years is so rare that it can't be anything but man-made global warming, says a new statistical analysis from a top government scientist.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVtd','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVtd\\'>Yosemite National Park, with donors\\' help, expands at-risk youth programs - San Jose Mercury News</a>Yosemite and its nonprofit partners hope to introduce a new generation of Americans to national parks, to change their lives and boost the future prospects of the park system<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.mercurynews.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Mercurynews</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cKVtd\">Yosemite National Park, with donors' help, expands at-risk youth programs - San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>Yosemite and its nonprofit partners hope to introduce a new generation of Americans to national parks, to change their lives and boost the future prospects of the park system\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVB3','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/19/03/U3qYw.Hi.4.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVB3\\'>Caltrans\\' records show problems with tests on Bay Bridge, other bridges - The Sacramento Bee</a>A special team within Caltrans has uncovered problems with safety testing far broader than previously known. After reviewing records for roadways and bridges, the engineering team has uncovered doctored data and other suspicious tests, including work done on the new eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sacbee.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sacbee</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/19/03/U3qYw.Hi.4.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Caltrans' records show problems with tests on Bay Bridge, other bridges - The Sacramento BeeA special team within Caltrans has uncovered problems with safety testing far broader than previously known. After reviewing records for roadways and bridges, the engineering team has uncovered doctored data and other suspicious tests, including work done on the new eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sacbee\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVE6 ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/17/20/436-Je3Iv.Hi.55.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVE6 \\'>Yosemite\\'s lost valley will be subject of vote - The Sacramento Bee</a>This fall San Franciscans will vote on a local measure with national implications: It could return to the American people a flooded gorge described as the twin of breathtaking Yosemite Valley.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sacbee.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sacbee</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/17/20/436-Je3Iv.Hi.55.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Yosemite's lost valley will be subject of vote - The Sacramento BeeThis fall San Franciscans will vote on a local measure with national implications: It could return to the American people a flooded gorge described as the twin of breathtaking Yosemite Valley.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sacbee\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVGE','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/21/18/vP4Wf.Hi.4.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVGE\\'>Hazardous waste dump is environmental battleground - The Sacramento Bee</a>KETTLEMAN HILLS - The West\\'s largest hazardous-waste landfill is running out of room after four years of expansion attempts have been stymied by tragedy in nearby Kettleman City. State authorities put the expansion on hold after community activists in 2009 reported a rash of birth defects in Kettleman City, implicating the landfill\\'s toxic burial ground 3.5 miles away.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sacbee.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sacbee</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/21/18/vP4Wf.Hi.4.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Hazardous waste dump is environmental battleground - The Sacramento BeeKETTLEMAN HILLS - The West's largest hazardous-waste landfill is running out of room after four years of expansion attempts have been stymied by tragedy in nearby Kettleman City. State authorities put the expansion on hold after community activists in 2009 reported a rash of birth defects in Kettleman City, implicating the landfill's toxic burial ground 3.5 miles away.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sacbee\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's today's roundup of science, nature and environment news from the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/science/space/curiosity-rover-lands-safely-on-mars.html?_r=1&hp','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/common/icons/t_wb_75.gif\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/science/space/curiosity-rover-lands-safely-on-mars.html?_r=1&hp\\'>Curiosity Rover Lands Safely on Mars</a>PASADENA, Calif. - The Curiosity has landed. With pride, relief and exhilaration, NASA engineers and officials erupted in cheers and hugs early Monday morning with confirmation that the Curiosity, a car-sized, plutonium-powered robotic rover, had landed safely on the surface of Mars. \\"Touchdown confirmed,\\" Allen Chen, the engineer in the control room providing commentary, said at 1:32 a.m.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.nytimes.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Nytimes</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/common/icons/t_wb_75.gif\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/science/space/curiosity-rover-lands-safely-on-mars.html?_r=1&hp\">Curiosity Rover Lands Safely on Mars\u003c/a>PASADENA, Calif. - The Curiosity has landed. With pride, relief and exhilaration, NASA engineers and officials erupted in cheers and hugs early Monday morning with confirmation that the Curiosity, a car-sized, plutonium-powered robotic rover, had landed safely on the surface of Mars. \"Touchdown confirmed,\" Allen Chen, the engineer in the control room providing commentary, said at 1:32 a.m.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVvK','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/14/25/24/3233036/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVvK\\'>DNA study pushes back polar bears origin</a>DNA study pushes back polar bears origin [...] those snippets represented only selected bits; the new study, by Webb Miller and Stephan C. Schuster of Penn State, Charlotte Lindqvist of the University at Buffalo, and an international team of 23 other scientists, looked at the full genomes of polar bears, brown bears and black bears.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/14/25/24/3233036/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cKVvK\">DNA study pushes back polar bears origin\u003c/a>DNA study pushes back polar bears origin [...] those snippets represented only selected bits; the new study, by Webb Miller and Stephan C. Schuster of Penn State, Charlotte Lindqvist of the University at Buffalo, and an international team of 23 other scientists, looked at the full genomes of polar bears, brown bears and black bears.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVwm','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/14/42/00/3285009/3/150x150.jpg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVwm\\'>New study links current events to climate change</a>WASHINGTON (AP) â The relentless, weather-gone-crazy type of heat that has blistered the United States and other parts of the world in recent years is so rare that it can\\'t be anything but man-made global warming, says a new statistical analysis from a top government scientist.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sfgate.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sfgate</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/14/42/00/3285009/3/150x150.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">New study links current events to climate changeWASHINGTON (AP) â The relentless, weather-gone-crazy type of heat that has blistered the United States and other parts of the world in recent years is so rare that it can't be anything but man-made global warming, says a new statistical analysis from a top government scientist.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sfgate\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVtd','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVtd\\'>Yosemite National Park, with donors\\' help, expands at-risk youth programs - San Jose Mercury News</a>Yosemite and its nonprofit partners hope to introduce a new generation of Americans to national parks, to change their lives and boost the future prospects of the park system<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.mercurynews.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Mercurynews</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://ow.ly/cKVtd\">Yosemite National Park, with donors' help, expands at-risk youth programs - San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>Yosemite and its nonprofit partners hope to introduce a new generation of Americans to national parks, to change their lives and boost the future prospects of the park system\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVB3','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/19/03/U3qYw.Hi.4.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVB3\\'>Caltrans\\' records show problems with tests on Bay Bridge, other bridges - The Sacramento Bee</a>A special team within Caltrans has uncovered problems with safety testing far broader than previously known. After reviewing records for roadways and bridges, the engineering team has uncovered doctored data and other suspicious tests, including work done on the new eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sacbee.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sacbee</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/19/03/U3qYw.Hi.4.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Caltrans' records show problems with tests on Bay Bridge, other bridges - The Sacramento BeeA special team within Caltrans has uncovered problems with safety testing far broader than previously known. After reviewing records for roadways and bridges, the engineering team has uncovered doctored data and other suspicious tests, including work done on the new eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sacbee\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVE6 ','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/17/20/436-Je3Iv.Hi.55.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVE6 \\'>Yosemite\\'s lost valley will be subject of vote - The Sacramento Bee</a>This fall San Franciscans will vote on a local measure with national implications: It could return to the American people a flooded gorge described as the twin of breathtaking Yosemite Valley.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sacbee.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sacbee</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/17/20/436-Je3Iv.Hi.55.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Yosemite's lost valley will be subject of vote - The Sacramento BeeThis fall San Franciscans will vote on a local measure with national implications: It could return to the American people a flooded gorge described as the twin of breathtaking Yosemite Valley.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sacbee\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\" style=\"max-width: 600px;max-width:600px;\" data-ajax=\"{'url':'http://ow.ly/cKVGE','width':null,'words':null,'height':null,'embed':'<div class=\\"embedly\\" style=\\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\\"><img src=\\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/21/18/vP4Wf.Hi.4.jpeg\\" class=\\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\\" /><a class=\\'embedly-title\\' href=\\'http://ow.ly/cKVGE\\'>Hazardous waste dump is environmental battleground - The Sacramento Bee</a>KETTLEMAN HILLS - The West\\'s largest hazardous-waste landfill is running out of room after four years of expansion attempts have been stymied by tragedy in nearby Kettleman City. State authorities put the expansion on hold after community activists in 2009 reported a rash of birth defects in Kettleman City, implicating the landfill\\'s toxic burial ground 3.5 miles away.<div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div><span class=\\"embedly-powered\\" style=\\"float:right;display:block\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\\" title=\\"Powered by Embedly\\"><img src=\\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\\" alt=\\"Embedly Powered\\" /></a></span><div class=\\"media-attribution\\"><span>via </span><a href=\\"http://www.sacbee.com\\" class=\\"media-attribution-link\\" target=\\"_blank\\">Sacbee</a></span></div><div class=\\"embedly-clear\\"></div></div>'}\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\" style=\"max-width:nullpx;max-height:nullpx\">\u003cimg src=\"http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2012/08/04/21/18/vP4Wf.Hi.4.jpeg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">Hazardous waste dump is environmental battleground - The Sacramento BeeKETTLEMAN HILLS - The West's largest hazardous-waste landfill is running out of room after four years of expansion attempts have been stymied by tragedy in nearby Kettleman City. State authorities put the expansion on hold after community activists in 2009 reported a rash of birth defects in Kettleman City, implicating the landfill's toxic burial ground 3.5 miles away.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right;display:block\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\">\u003cimg src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\">Sacbee\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rethinking Reproductive Biology",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41736\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/06/making-new-eggs/ovary/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41736\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Ovary.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Ovary\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41736\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Ovary.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Ovary-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ovaries like this one have a few cells that still have the potential to become eggs.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Everyone knows that women are born with all the eggs they can ever make, right? Well, a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366948\">study \u003c/a>shows that everyone just might be wrong. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t just change how we think about reproductive biology. It has real world implications for lots of infertile women too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman makes all of her eggs while she is still in the womb. The way it works is that a group of cells called germ cells divides until they are nearly mature. These 400,000 or so cells then wait around until the woman is born and enters puberty. Then, around one cell per month matures and is released. By menopause, the average woman has released about 400 mature eggs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists thought for a long time that once ovaries made their batch of immature eggs, they lost this ability forever. They were mistaken. This study showed that a woman’s ovaries still have a few cells that retain their potential to become eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers not only identified these oogonial stem cells (or OSCs), but also managed to collect a few and to coax them into becoming immature oocytes in a petri dish. They then matured these immature oocytes in a mouse’s ovary. These scientists had created new eggs from cells found in a woman’s ovaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they didn’t stop there. These scientists showed that mouse OSCs created the same way were capable of being fertilized and growing into healthy pups. The eggs made from these OSCs appear to be fully functional and like eggs in every way. (At least the mouse ones are.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This changes how we think about egg biology. And more importantly, about how we might treat infertility in women in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women are infertile because there is something wrong with their eggs. Except in a few \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask70\">rare cases\u003c/a>, this has meant that these women could not have children that shared their DNA. This new finding gives them hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If scientists can somehow get OSCs from an infertile woman, they will be able to turn it into an egg. Then a doctor would just follow the standard protocols of in vitro fertilization and nine months later, a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since these cells won’t be easy to get, an even better possibility would be to somehow encourage the cells into becoming eggs within the woman’s ovaries. Now she’d just be making eggs like she used to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This might also help older women conceive. Older women’s eggs tend to have lower quality DNA which makes getting pregnant more difficult. If OSCs suffer less DNA damage, then perhaps this technique can be used to give older women a better chance at getting pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41736\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/06/making-new-eggs/ovary/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41736\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Ovary.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Ovary\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41736\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Ovary.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/Ovary-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ovaries like this one have a few cells that still have the potential to become eggs.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Everyone knows that women are born with all the eggs they can ever make, right? Well, a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366948\">study \u003c/a>shows that everyone just might be wrong. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t just change how we think about reproductive biology. It has real world implications for lots of infertile women too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman makes all of her eggs while she is still in the womb. The way it works is that a group of cells called germ cells divides until they are nearly mature. These 400,000 or so cells then wait around until the woman is born and enters puberty. Then, around one cell per month matures and is released. By menopause, the average woman has released about 400 mature eggs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists thought for a long time that once ovaries made their batch of immature eggs, they lost this ability forever. They were mistaken. This study showed that a woman’s ovaries still have a few cells that retain their potential to become eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers not only identified these oogonial stem cells (or OSCs), but also managed to collect a few and to coax them into becoming immature oocytes in a petri dish. They then matured these immature oocytes in a mouse’s ovary. These scientists had created new eggs from cells found in a woman’s ovaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42120\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stemcell-researchers640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stemcell-researchers640x360.jpg\" alt=\"UCB researchers exam vascular stem cells in the microscope\" title=\"stemcell-researchers640x360\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42120\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stemcell-researchers640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stemcell-researchers640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zhenyu Tang (seated at microscope) examines vascular stem cells in culture along with Aijun Wang (left) and Song Li (right). (Zoey Huang photo.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Odds are that you know someone who’s had a heart attack. One American suffers a coronary event \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/125/1/e2.full.pdf\" title=\"prevalence of atherosclerosis\">every 25 seconds and about every minute\u003c/a> someone dies from one. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors thought they understood artery-hardening diseases, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/atherosclerosis/\" title=\"about atherosclerosis\">atherosclerosis\u003c/a>, that lead to heart attacks, strokes and death. But these generally accepted theories are contradicted by new research performed at the University of California, Berkeley. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v3/n6/full/ncomms1867.html\" title=\"Song Li journal article in Nature Communications\">new study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>, a previously unknown type of stem cell is actually the underlying cause for clogged arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, scientists believed that heart disease was caused by the smooth muscle cells that line artery walls. It was thought that bad (LDL) cholesterol damaged the arteries and triggered smooth muscle cells to rapidly reproduce. This led to a build up of fibrous scar tissue that narrowed and hardened the arteries, restricting blood flow. As a result, most therapies focus on physically widening the inside of the blood vessels or replacing the damaged area with a graft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These beliefs are challenged by new research performed by principle investigator Song Li, a professor of bioengineering and researcher at the Berkeley Stem Cell Center, and his colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the first time, we are showing evidence that vascular diseases are actually a kind of stem cell disease,” said Song Li in a university news release. “This work should revolutionize therapies for vascular diseases because we now know that stem cells rather than smooth muscle cells are the correct therapeutic target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analyzing cells from arteries and veins of transgenic mice, the researchers were able to trace the lineage of the cells that rapidly reproduced in the vessel walls to prove that they were not smooth muscle cells as current theory predicted. Further experiments discovered that they are actually multipotent vascular stem cells, meaning that they can become various specialized cells – smooth muscle, nerve, cartilage, bone and fat cells. The same type of stem cells were also identified in human blood vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This explains why previous studies mistook the multipotent vascular stem cells as smooth muscle cells. It also explains how a soft artery can calcify and harden, since the multipotent stem cells can also form bone and cartilage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42124\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 319px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stemcell-schematic350.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stemcell-schematic350-319x253.jpg\" alt=\"Within walls of blood vessels are smooth muscle cells and newly discovered vascular stem cells. The stem cells are able to differentiate into smooth muscle cells, fat, cartilage and bone cells. UC Berkeley researchers provide evidence that these stem cells are contributing to clogged and hardened arteries.\" title=\"stemcell-schematic350\" width=\"319\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-42124\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Within the walls of blood vessels are smooth muscle cells and newly discovered vascular stem cells. The stem cells are able to differentiate into smooth muscle, fat, cartilage and bone cells. UC Berkeley researchers provide evidence that these stem cells are contributing to clogged and hardened arteries. (Song Li illustration)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When new research dramatically challenges existing scientific beliefs, often people resist the new ideas. Dr. Jill Helms, a professor in the Department of Surgery at Stanford School of Medicine and co-author of the study, explained in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/06/08/154587990/identifying-the-real-culprit-behind-killer-vascular-diseases\" title=\"Jill Helms NPR Science Friday interview\">NPR interview\u003c/a>, “There is resistance oftentimes, but there can be moments where there’s great clarity and I think Song’s work certainly falls within that category.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the research still needs to be repeated by other research groups, as well as verified in other animals and humans. Song Li’s collaboration is already studying human cells from healthy and diseased arteries. They are also developing techniques to rapidly screen drugs that specifically target these stem cells without affecting the normal (endothelial) cells that line a blood vessel, which could ultimately lead to new therapies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analyzing cells from arteries and veins of transgenic mice, the researchers were able to trace the lineage of the cells that rapidly reproduced in the vessel walls to prove that they were not smooth muscle cells as current theory predicted. Further experiments discovered that they are actually multipotent vascular stem cells, meaning that they can become various specialized cells – smooth muscle, nerve, cartilage, bone and fat cells. The same type of stem cells were also identified in human blood vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This explains why previous studies mistook the multipotent vascular stem cells as smooth muscle cells. It also explains how a soft artery can calcify and harden, since the multipotent stem cells can also form bone and cartilage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42124\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 319px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stemcell-schematic350.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stemcell-schematic350-319x253.jpg\" alt=\"Within walls of blood vessels are smooth muscle cells and newly discovered vascular stem cells. The stem cells are able to differentiate into smooth muscle cells, fat, cartilage and bone cells. UC Berkeley researchers provide evidence that these stem cells are contributing to clogged and hardened arteries.\" title=\"stemcell-schematic350\" width=\"319\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-42124\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Within the walls of blood vessels are smooth muscle cells and newly discovered vascular stem cells. The stem cells are able to differentiate into smooth muscle, fat, cartilage and bone cells. UC Berkeley researchers provide evidence that these stem cells are contributing to clogged and hardened arteries. (Song Li illustration)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When new research dramatically challenges existing scientific beliefs, often people resist the new ideas. Dr. Jill Helms, a professor in the Department of Surgery at Stanford School of Medicine and co-author of the study, explained in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/06/08/154587990/identifying-the-real-culprit-behind-killer-vascular-diseases\" title=\"Jill Helms NPR Science Friday interview\">NPR interview\u003c/a>, “There is resistance oftentimes, but there can be moments where there’s great clarity and I think Song’s work certainly falls within that category.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the research still needs to be repeated by other research groups, as well as verified in other animals and humans. Song Li’s collaboration is already studying human cells from healthy and diseased arteries. They are also developing techniques to rapidly screen drugs that specifically target these stem cells without affecting the normal (endothelial) cells that line a blood vessel, which could ultimately lead to new therapies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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