QUEST Northern CaliforniaQUEST Northern California
KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.
Future of You
Condors vs. Lead Bullets
California Voters to Decide $7.5 Billion Water Bond Measure
On GMO Labeling, Oregon and Colorado Learn from California Ballot Defeat
Three California Counties Vote on Fracking Bans this November
In Rare Sea Snail, Scientists Find Compound That Could Help Cancer Patients
Glowing Plants? City Streets Lit by Trees
A House Made From Mushrooms? An Artist Dreams of a Fungal Future
The Future of Sustainable Food: Q&A with Wendell Berry
My Wild Tech-Free American Summer
Fish to Fork: The Rise of Community-Supported Fisheries
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s note: Our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">new blog on the intersection of new tech, medicine and healthcare, Future of You\u003c/a>, has launched today, March 12th, 2015. Future of You explores how new technology is revolutionizing medicine and how the explosion of information is changing the way we stay healthy.\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/about\"> More › ›\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTyWv2e1yWs?feature=player_detailpage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there are tens of thousands of health and fitness apps that consumers can download onto their smart phones and tablets. From tracking the calories you burn to helping manage your stress through guided meditation, these apps are proving to be popular: within the first six months of 2014, their use increased by more than 60 percent, according to \u003ca title=\"Flurry Analytics blog post\" href=\"http://www.flurry.com/blog/flurry-insights/health-and-fitness-apps-finally-take-fueled-fitness-fanatics#.VErBo_l4rYg\">one recent study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these apps work with popular activity tracking devices that are made by manufacturers such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\">Fitbit\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.misfitwearables.com/\">Misfit Wearables\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scrappy start-ups and established high-tech companies such as Google, Apple and Samsung are launching a rising tide of wireless activity trackers, apps and online services that are revolutionizing America’s nearly $3 trillion-dollar health care industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72389\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/BestBuy_scaled_JV0A5967.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72389\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/BestBuy_scaled_JV0A5967.jpg\" alt=\"A row of electronic health monitoring devices at a Best Buy store in San Francisco. Photo by Arwen Curry / KQED QUEST \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/BestBuy_scaled_JV0A5967.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/BestBuy_scaled_JV0A5967-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A row of electronic health monitoring devices at a Best Buy store in San Francisco. Photo by Arwen Curry / KQED QUEST\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We call the intersection of health care and technology 'digital health,'\" said Halle Tecco, co-founder and managing director of \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com/\">Rock Health\u003c/a>, a San Francisco firm that funds early-stage start-up companies. “In 2013, we saw nearly $2 billion poured into this industry. That was 100 percent growth from 2011.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More changes are ahead, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We are going into an era in which consumer devices...are going to be the disruptive technologies for the entire health care industry\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We are going into an era in which consumer devices for measuring aspects of our activity or health are going to be the disruptive technologies for the entire health care industry,\" said Larry Smarr, a computer science professor at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the internet has revolutionized industries from banking to music, Smarr noted. And now, health care is next, from streamlining the sharing of medical data to launching a remote doctor visit with the swipe of an app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Apple unveiled its latest mobile device, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.apple.com/watch/\">Apple Watch\u003c/a>, which will be available in early 2015 at a starting price of $349. In addition to being able to play music, and send and receive phone calls and texts, the smart watch also functions as a fitness tracker that can monitor heart rate and calories burned. In addition, Apple’s latest operating system features the HealthKit app where users can store personal health information, such as lists of medication, to nimbly update their electronic medical records or share them with their doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the new ability to share personal health information through apps, smartphones and wearable devices carries privacy risks. Jaime King, a law professor at Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco, wears a Fitbit bracelet that monitors her physical activity, including how many steps she takes a day. Although she thinks \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/privacy\">Fitbit’s privacy policy\u003c/a> is “really quite good,” she has some words of advice to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that individuals really need to take responsibility for the information that they’re posting up there, and not assume that the companies are going to do that for them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://www.schumer.senate.gov/Newsroom/record.cfm?id=355189\">Sen. Charles Schumer, D-NY, pointed out recently\u003c/a>, no federal laws exist to prevent the selling of personal health information collected and stored by a fitness tracking device or app to a third party, such as a health club or even an insurance provider. And this personal health information goes beyond just the number of steps a person has walked in a day. The activity trackers and their associated apps allow users to store information about body weight, age and height, even how much sleep people get at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2014, Fitbit, which is the leading manufacturer of activity trackers, updated its privacy policy to state that it will never sell to third parties personal health information that could be used to identify individual consumers using its devices and app. Still, the company left open the possibility that it could share “de-identified and aggregated data,” a practice that \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andme\u003c/a>, the maker of an at-home genetic testing kit, has been doing for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers of 23andme submit a saliva sample, and the results are made available to them through the 23andme web site in a matter of weeks. The test can indicate an individual’s genetic ancestry as well as some of their raw genetic data. (In 2013, the FDA stopped 23andme from providing its consumers with health-related information such as the likelihood of developing a disease based on their genetic test results). The company claims that the low cost of its $99 test kit is made possible because the genetic data it collects from customers is stripped of any identifying information and then sold to medical researchers and pharmaceutical firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: 23andme will only sell genetic data from customers who’ve opted-in to make their anonymized test results available for the company to share with third parties.) \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As privacy issues play out and new technology rapidly comes online, medical research is also changing because of new consumer electronic tools, faster wireless connectivity, cloud computing and advances in genetics, allowing patients to become collaborators and researchers in their own health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/EKG02_scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72390\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/EKG02_scaled.jpg\" alt=\"AliveCor is the maker of a smartphone case that can record within seconds an EKG, a measure of heart health. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/EKG02_scaled.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/EKG02_scaled-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AliveCor is the maker of a smartphone case that can record within seconds an EKG, a measure of heart health.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Take, for example, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.health-eheartstudy.org/\">Health eHeart\u003c/a> study, the world’s first all-electronic global heart study led by Dr. Jeffrey Olgin, Chief of Cardiology at UC San Francisco. Olgin and his team are giving study participants wireless activity trackers, apps and even a smartphone case that can quickly record an EKG reading, an important measure of heart health, rather than having the patients come in to visit a doctor’s office. This data is wirelessly relayed to an online dashboard and may help lead to new, better treatments for heart disease, the number one killer in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">It's not the tools that we really lack in medicine...it's the lack of big data\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the tools that we really lack in medicine and in heart disease, it’s really the lack of big data,” Olgin said. “And if we really are able to collect enough of this large, dense data, we hope to be able to gain insights that do much better at predicting individual risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For UC San Diego’s Smarr, the changes are part of an amazing era that has been unfolding in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have these decadal developments that have transformed the information technology landscape – Amazon, how we buy things; Facebook, how we post things; Google, how we search for things. And now, health data,” he said. “And that makes you a very much more empowered patient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This video story is featured in the QUEST television documentary, Future of You. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/how-big-data-is-changing-medicine/\">How Big Data is Changing Medicine - KQED Science radio story, 9/29/14\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/consumer-gene-tests-whats-the-future/\">Consumer Gene Tests Face Uncertain Future - KQED Science radio story, 5/5/14\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/eavesdropping-on-the-heart-a-patient%E2%80%99s-campaign-for-access/\">Eavesdropping on the Heart: A Patient's Campaign for Access - KQED QUEST radio story, 2/24/12\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s note: Our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">new blog on the intersection of new tech, medicine and healthcare, Future of You\u003c/a>, has launched today, March 12th, 2015. Future of You explores how new technology is revolutionizing medicine and how the explosion of information is changing the way we stay healthy.\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/about\"> More › ›\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTyWv2e1yWs?feature=player_detailpage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there are tens of thousands of health and fitness apps that consumers can download onto their smart phones and tablets. From tracking the calories you burn to helping manage your stress through guided meditation, these apps are proving to be popular: within the first six months of 2014, their use increased by more than 60 percent, according to \u003ca title=\"Flurry Analytics blog post\" href=\"http://www.flurry.com/blog/flurry-insights/health-and-fitness-apps-finally-take-fueled-fitness-fanatics#.VErBo_l4rYg\">one recent study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these apps work with popular activity tracking devices that are made by manufacturers such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\">Fitbit\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.misfitwearables.com/\">Misfit Wearables\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scrappy start-ups and established high-tech companies such as Google, Apple and Samsung are launching a rising tide of wireless activity trackers, apps and online services that are revolutionizing America’s nearly $3 trillion-dollar health care industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72389\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/BestBuy_scaled_JV0A5967.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72389\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/BestBuy_scaled_JV0A5967.jpg\" alt=\"A row of electronic health monitoring devices at a Best Buy store in San Francisco. Photo by Arwen Curry / KQED QUEST \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/BestBuy_scaled_JV0A5967.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/BestBuy_scaled_JV0A5967-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A row of electronic health monitoring devices at a Best Buy store in San Francisco. Photo by Arwen Curry / KQED QUEST\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We call the intersection of health care and technology 'digital health,'\" said Halle Tecco, co-founder and managing director of \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com/\">Rock Health\u003c/a>, a San Francisco firm that funds early-stage start-up companies. “In 2013, we saw nearly $2 billion poured into this industry. That was 100 percent growth from 2011.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More changes are ahead, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We are going into an era in which consumer devices...are going to be the disruptive technologies for the entire health care industry\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We are going into an era in which consumer devices for measuring aspects of our activity or health are going to be the disruptive technologies for the entire health care industry,\" said Larry Smarr, a computer science professor at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the internet has revolutionized industries from banking to music, Smarr noted. And now, health care is next, from streamlining the sharing of medical data to launching a remote doctor visit with the swipe of an app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Apple unveiled its latest mobile device, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.apple.com/watch/\">Apple Watch\u003c/a>, which will be available in early 2015 at a starting price of $349. In addition to being able to play music, and send and receive phone calls and texts, the smart watch also functions as a fitness tracker that can monitor heart rate and calories burned. In addition, Apple’s latest operating system features the HealthKit app where users can store personal health information, such as lists of medication, to nimbly update their electronic medical records or share them with their doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the new ability to share personal health information through apps, smartphones and wearable devices carries privacy risks. Jaime King, a law professor at Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco, wears a Fitbit bracelet that monitors her physical activity, including how many steps she takes a day. Although she thinks \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/privacy\">Fitbit’s privacy policy\u003c/a> is “really quite good,” she has some words of advice to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that individuals really need to take responsibility for the information that they’re posting up there, and not assume that the companies are going to do that for them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://www.schumer.senate.gov/Newsroom/record.cfm?id=355189\">Sen. Charles Schumer, D-NY, pointed out recently\u003c/a>, no federal laws exist to prevent the selling of personal health information collected and stored by a fitness tracking device or app to a third party, such as a health club or even an insurance provider. And this personal health information goes beyond just the number of steps a person has walked in a day. The activity trackers and their associated apps allow users to store information about body weight, age and height, even how much sleep people get at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2014, Fitbit, which is the leading manufacturer of activity trackers, updated its privacy policy to state that it will never sell to third parties personal health information that could be used to identify individual consumers using its devices and app. Still, the company left open the possibility that it could share “de-identified and aggregated data,” a practice that \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andme\u003c/a>, the maker of an at-home genetic testing kit, has been doing for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers of 23andme submit a saliva sample, and the results are made available to them through the 23andme web site in a matter of weeks. The test can indicate an individual’s genetic ancestry as well as some of their raw genetic data. (In 2013, the FDA stopped 23andme from providing its consumers with health-related information such as the likelihood of developing a disease based on their genetic test results). The company claims that the low cost of its $99 test kit is made possible because the genetic data it collects from customers is stripped of any identifying information and then sold to medical researchers and pharmaceutical firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: 23andme will only sell genetic data from customers who’ve opted-in to make their anonymized test results available for the company to share with third parties.) \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As privacy issues play out and new technology rapidly comes online, medical research is also changing because of new consumer electronic tools, faster wireless connectivity, cloud computing and advances in genetics, allowing patients to become collaborators and researchers in their own health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/EKG02_scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72390\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/EKG02_scaled.jpg\" alt=\"AliveCor is the maker of a smartphone case that can record within seconds an EKG, a measure of heart health. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/EKG02_scaled.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/EKG02_scaled-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AliveCor is the maker of a smartphone case that can record within seconds an EKG, a measure of heart health.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Take, for example, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.health-eheartstudy.org/\">Health eHeart\u003c/a> study, the world’s first all-electronic global heart study led by Dr. Jeffrey Olgin, Chief of Cardiology at UC San Francisco. 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This data is wirelessly relayed to an online dashboard and may help lead to new, better treatments for heart disease, the number one killer in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">It's not the tools that we really lack in medicine...it's the lack of big data\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the tools that we really lack in medicine and in heart disease, it’s really the lack of big data,” Olgin said. “And if we really are able to collect enough of this large, dense data, we hope to be able to gain insights that do much better at predicting individual risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For UC San Diego’s Smarr, the changes are part of an amazing era that has been unfolding in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have these decadal developments that have transformed the information technology landscape – Amazon, how we buy things; Facebook, how we post things; Google, how we search for things. 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"disqusTitle": "Condors vs. Lead Bullets",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This video story was originally produced by Christopher Bauer and updated by Sheraz Sadiq.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2013, California Gov. Jerry Brown signed a new law banning the use of lead bullets for hunting anywhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB711\">AB 711\u003c/a>, say it was created to protect wildlife, especially the endangered California condor, an iconic native species that was brought back from the brink of extinction in the early 1980s with a captive breeding program that today has resulted in more than 420 condors in a range that encompasses parts of California, Arizona, Utah and Baja, Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scavengers, wild condors can be sickened, or killed, by lead poisoning when they eat the carcasses of animals that have been shot with lead bullets, and ingest the bullet fragments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72481\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/THuntington_VentanaWildernessSociety_2_ffvid_6310.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72481\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/THuntington_VentanaWildernessSociety_2_ffvid_6310.jpg\" alt=\"Condors can get lead poisoning when ingesting carcasses shot with lead bullets and left by hunters, ranchers or poachers. Image courtesy of Tim Huntington / Ventana Wilderness Society. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/THuntington_VentanaWildernessSociety_2_ffvid_6310.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/THuntington_VentanaWildernessSociety_2_ffvid_6310-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Condors can get lead poisoning when ingesting carcasses shot with lead bullets and left by hunters, ranchers or poachers. Image courtesy of Tim Huntington / Ventana Wilderness Society.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When lead enters the bloodstream, it blocks neurological receptors that control the digestive system,” said Kelly Sorenson, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ventanaws.org/\">Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/a>, a non-profit organization that rehabilitates condors along California’s central coast. “So literally what happens is the bird starves to death because it doesn’t know that it’s hungry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Condors sickened by lead poisoning can be treated with chelation, a medical procedure that removes lead in the birds’ bloodstream by binding it to heavy metals that the birds can then excrete. Scientific labs at the University of California, Santa Cruz and other institutions have matched lead removed from sickened birds to lead used in traditional hunting ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental and wildlife organizations such as \u003ca href=\"http://ca.audubon.org/banning-lead-ammunition-condor-habitat\">Audubon California\u003c/a> and The Humane Society of the United States supported AB 711, while the\u003ca href=\"http://home.nra.org\"> National Rifle Association\u003c/a> and hunting groups opposed it. Critics noted the extra cost of non-lead ammunition, which can be twice as expensive or more than traditional hunting ammunition. In response to this argument, the bill authorized the California Fish and Game Commission to implement the state-wide lead bullet ban by 2019, which would allow ammunition manufacturers time to ramp up the production of bullets made with non-toxic metal alloys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Gaines, a Sacramento-based hunter and lobbyist, said the ban is unnecessary because a 2007 state law already bans the use of lead ammunition in the condors’ California range, which extends roughly from Monterey to Ventura county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to the rest of the state where the condors aren’t, there’s really nothing we can do to benefit the condors in those parts of the state, and hunters should be allowed to use lead ammunition in those parts of the state” Gaines said. He also said he believes that “the jury is still out” on the source of the lead poisoning the condors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the new law, however, note that condors eat dozens of dead deer, wild pigs and other animals every year, and can be poisoned if just one has lead in it from a poacher, rancher or hunter who ignored the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Zion_NationalPark_CU_2_NPSPhoto-EricNewmark.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72480 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Zion_NationalPark_CU_2_NPSPhoto-EricNewmark.jpg\" alt=\"In 2014, officials at Zion National Park in southern Utah recorded the birth of the first condor chick hatched in the wild in Utah. This is an image of one of the parents. Image courtesy of Eric Newmark / National Park Service\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Zion_NationalPark_CU_2_NPSPhoto-EricNewmark.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Zion_NationalPark_CU_2_NPSPhoto-EricNewmark-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2014, officials at Zion National Park recorded the birth of the first condor chick hatched to a pair of adults in the wild in southern Utah. Image courtesy of Eric Newmark / National Park Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lead poisoning is the leading cause of death among California condors, with more than 50 wild condors dying from it since 1992. For organizations working to save the California condor, conservation efforts are yielding results: the bird’s range today appears to be expanding. In June of 2014, for the first time in more than 100 years, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25959192/first-california-condor-spotted-san-mateo-county-since\">a wild California condor was spotted in San Mateo county\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in 2014, National Park Service officials reported the birth of Utah’s first condor chick in the wild in \u003ca href=\"http://wildlife.utah.gov/wildlife-news/1460-biologists-catch-glimpse-of-utah-condor-chick.html\">Zion National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a wingspan that can reach nearly 10 feet, the California condor is the largest flying bird in North America. As tagged condors spread their wings and expand their range, their chances for survival in the wild still remain uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTIDkj9Tn58\">Watch the full episode of QUEST.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Once nearly extinct, California condors are making a steady recovery. But a new threat-- lead poisoning from old bullets-- is slowing progress, leaving scientists between wildlife preservation and the politics of hunting.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This video story was originally produced by Christopher Bauer and updated by Sheraz Sadiq.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2013, California Gov. Jerry Brown signed a new law banning the use of lead bullets for hunting anywhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB711\">AB 711\u003c/a>, say it was created to protect wildlife, especially the endangered California condor, an iconic native species that was brought back from the brink of extinction in the early 1980s with a captive breeding program that today has resulted in more than 420 condors in a range that encompasses parts of California, Arizona, Utah and Baja, Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scavengers, wild condors can be sickened, or killed, by lead poisoning when they eat the carcasses of animals that have been shot with lead bullets, and ingest the bullet fragments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72481\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/THuntington_VentanaWildernessSociety_2_ffvid_6310.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72481\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/THuntington_VentanaWildernessSociety_2_ffvid_6310.jpg\" alt=\"Condors can get lead poisoning when ingesting carcasses shot with lead bullets and left by hunters, ranchers or poachers. Image courtesy of Tim Huntington / Ventana Wilderness Society. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/THuntington_VentanaWildernessSociety_2_ffvid_6310.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/THuntington_VentanaWildernessSociety_2_ffvid_6310-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Condors can get lead poisoning when ingesting carcasses shot with lead bullets and left by hunters, ranchers or poachers. Image courtesy of Tim Huntington / Ventana Wilderness Society.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When lead enters the bloodstream, it blocks neurological receptors that control the digestive system,” said Kelly Sorenson, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ventanaws.org/\">Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/a>, a non-profit organization that rehabilitates condors along California’s central coast. “So literally what happens is the bird starves to death because it doesn’t know that it’s hungry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Condors sickened by lead poisoning can be treated with chelation, a medical procedure that removes lead in the birds’ bloodstream by binding it to heavy metals that the birds can then excrete. Scientific labs at the University of California, Santa Cruz and other institutions have matched lead removed from sickened birds to lead used in traditional hunting ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental and wildlife organizations such as \u003ca href=\"http://ca.audubon.org/banning-lead-ammunition-condor-habitat\">Audubon California\u003c/a> and The Humane Society of the United States supported AB 711, while the\u003ca href=\"http://home.nra.org\"> National Rifle Association\u003c/a> and hunting groups opposed it. Critics noted the extra cost of non-lead ammunition, which can be twice as expensive or more than traditional hunting ammunition. In response to this argument, the bill authorized the California Fish and Game Commission to implement the state-wide lead bullet ban by 2019, which would allow ammunition manufacturers time to ramp up the production of bullets made with non-toxic metal alloys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Gaines, a Sacramento-based hunter and lobbyist, said the ban is unnecessary because a 2007 state law already bans the use of lead ammunition in the condors’ California range, which extends roughly from Monterey to Ventura county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to the rest of the state where the condors aren’t, there’s really nothing we can do to benefit the condors in those parts of the state, and hunters should be allowed to use lead ammunition in those parts of the state” Gaines said. He also said he believes that “the jury is still out” on the source of the lead poisoning the condors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the new law, however, note that condors eat dozens of dead deer, wild pigs and other animals every year, and can be poisoned if just one has lead in it from a poacher, rancher or hunter who ignored the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Zion_NationalPark_CU_2_NPSPhoto-EricNewmark.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72480 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Zion_NationalPark_CU_2_NPSPhoto-EricNewmark.jpg\" alt=\"In 2014, officials at Zion National Park in southern Utah recorded the birth of the first condor chick hatched in the wild in Utah. This is an image of one of the parents. Image courtesy of Eric Newmark / National Park Service\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Zion_NationalPark_CU_2_NPSPhoto-EricNewmark.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Zion_NationalPark_CU_2_NPSPhoto-EricNewmark-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2014, officials at Zion National Park recorded the birth of the first condor chick hatched to a pair of adults in the wild in southern Utah. Image courtesy of Eric Newmark / National Park Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lead poisoning is the leading cause of death among California condors, with more than 50 wild condors dying from it since 1992. For organizations working to save the California condor, conservation efforts are yielding results: the bird’s range today appears to be expanding. In June of 2014, for the first time in more than 100 years, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25959192/first-california-condor-spotted-san-mateo-county-since\">a wild California condor was spotted in San Mateo county\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in 2014, National Park Service officials reported the birth of Utah’s first condor chick in the wild in \u003ca href=\"http://wildlife.utah.gov/wildlife-news/1460-biologists-catch-glimpse-of-utah-condor-chick.html\">Zion National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a wingspan that can reach nearly 10 feet, the California condor is the largest flying bird in North America. As tagged condors spread their wings and expand their range, their chances for survival in the wild still remain uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTIDkj9Tn58\">Watch the full episode of QUEST.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Voters to Decide $7.5 Billion Water Bond Measure",
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"content": "\u003cp>At three years and counting, one of the worst droughts in California history shows little sign of abating. So it’s no surprise that water has become a hot issue this election year. In fact,\u003ca title=\"PPIC October poll\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_1014MBS.pdf\">a recent poll \u003c/a>conducted this month by the non-partisan \u003ca title=\"PPIC\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a> found that water and the drought rank as high as the economy and jobs when voters were asked what they thought is the most important issue facing the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72374\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_filter_gallery_C0054.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72374\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_filter_gallery_C0054.jpg\" alt=\"Proposition One, a $7.5 billion water bond measure on the November ballot, would pay for building new water storage facilities. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_filter_gallery_C0054.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_filter_gallery_C0054-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proposition One, a $7.5 billion water bond measure on the November ballot, would pay for building new water storage facilities.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 4, Californians will be able to exercise their opinion about water at the ballot box when they vote on \u003ca title=\"Prop. 1 ballotbedia entry\" href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_1,_Water_Bond_(2014)\">Proposition 1\u003c/a>, a $7.5 billion measure that would authorize the state to issue new bonds to pay for a wide variety of water-related projects. The projects that could be funded include dams to underground storage, along with efforts to improve watersheds and groundwater management, along with increased conservation and water recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly $3 billion would be allocated for expanding California’s water storage, which would likely mean the construction of at least one new large reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure is being championed by Gov. Jerry Brown, along with the California Chamber of Commerce, the California Farm Bureau Federation and a variety of environmental groups, including Audubon California and the Nature Conservancy. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PL8lhH2qNUE\">A recent campaign ad\u003c/a> features Brown speaking to the camera as he uses the metaphor of a pendulum to describe the swing between wet years and dry years, noting that Propositions 1 will save water “to prepare us for drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72375\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_faucet_C0077.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72375\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_faucet_C0077.jpg\" alt=\"One of the worst droughts in the state's history has made concerns about water a big election issue. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_faucet_C0077.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_faucet_C0077-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the worst droughts in the state's history has made concerns about water a big election issue.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the measure also has garnered opponents, including San Francisco Baykeeper and the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance, which has stated that “the bond includes the largest appropriation for new dams in the state’s history.” In addition, opponents question what impact the new funding would have on providing immediate drought relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/mission-and-vision/\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>, a non-partisan think tank based in Oakland, issued a \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2014/10/Insights-into-Prop-1-full-report.pdf\">report this week analyzing the water bond\u003c/a>. It found that only 1 percent of the bond’s funds would go to water conservation and efficiency efforts. Still, according to the report, the funding would help improve the state’s surface and groundwater quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellen Hanak, a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California, based in San Francisco, said the extreme weather patterns that will be produced by climate change have ratcheted up the pressure to better manage California’s water, the bulk of which comes from the Sierra snowpack. In recent years, not only has there been less precipitation, but the snowpack has been melting earlier, making it harder to capture runoff and store it in reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes sense to build surface storage to capture that water, and that’s one potential answer, but another one is to manage the existing surface storage in conjunction with our groundwater storage,” said Hanak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Managing California’s limited water supply with an aging infrastructure to meet the needs of growing cities and a multi-billion dollar farming industry requires a diverse array of efforts, she said, from asking people to cut back on their water usage to boosting the use of recycled water for irrigation and landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no silver bullet when thinking about water policy and how to meet the demands of growing economy and population,” Hanak said. “Conservation, desalination and recycled water and new storage alone won’t do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Proposition 1 is polling well with likely voters. A poll released this week by the PPIC showed Prop 1 leading 56-32 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zIp5rWfv9w#t=1598\">Watch the full episode of Science at the Ballot Box, a joint KQED Newsroom and QUEST report that examines the science behind some of the key issues on the November ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At three years and counting, one of the worst droughts in California history shows little sign of abating. So it’s no surprise that water has become a hot issue this election year. In fact,\u003ca title=\"PPIC October poll\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_1014MBS.pdf\">a recent poll \u003c/a>conducted this month by the non-partisan \u003ca title=\"PPIC\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a> found that water and the drought rank as high as the economy and jobs when voters were asked what they thought is the most important issue facing the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72374\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_filter_gallery_C0054.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72374\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_filter_gallery_C0054.jpg\" alt=\"Proposition One, a $7.5 billion water bond measure on the November ballot, would pay for building new water storage facilities. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_filter_gallery_C0054.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_filter_gallery_C0054-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proposition One, a $7.5 billion water bond measure on the November ballot, would pay for building new water storage facilities.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 4, Californians will be able to exercise their opinion about water at the ballot box when they vote on \u003ca title=\"Prop. 1 ballotbedia entry\" href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_1,_Water_Bond_(2014)\">Proposition 1\u003c/a>, a $7.5 billion measure that would authorize the state to issue new bonds to pay for a wide variety of water-related projects. The projects that could be funded include dams to underground storage, along with efforts to improve watersheds and groundwater management, along with increased conservation and water recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly $3 billion would be allocated for expanding California’s water storage, which would likely mean the construction of at least one new large reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure is being championed by Gov. Jerry Brown, along with the California Chamber of Commerce, the California Farm Bureau Federation and a variety of environmental groups, including Audubon California and the Nature Conservancy. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PL8lhH2qNUE\">A recent campaign ad\u003c/a> features Brown speaking to the camera as he uses the metaphor of a pendulum to describe the swing between wet years and dry years, noting that Propositions 1 will save water “to prepare us for drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72375\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_faucet_C0077.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72375\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_faucet_C0077.jpg\" alt=\"One of the worst droughts in the state's history has made concerns about water a big election issue. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_faucet_C0077.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/802_water_bond_faucet_C0077-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the worst droughts in the state's history has made concerns about water a big election issue.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the measure also has garnered opponents, including San Francisco Baykeeper and the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance, which has stated that “the bond includes the largest appropriation for new dams in the state’s history.” In addition, opponents question what impact the new funding would have on providing immediate drought relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/mission-and-vision/\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>, a non-partisan think tank based in Oakland, issued a \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2014/10/Insights-into-Prop-1-full-report.pdf\">report this week analyzing the water bond\u003c/a>. It found that only 1 percent of the bond’s funds would go to water conservation and efficiency efforts. Still, according to the report, the funding would help improve the state’s surface and groundwater quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellen Hanak, a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California, based in San Francisco, said the extreme weather patterns that will be produced by climate change have ratcheted up the pressure to better manage California’s water, the bulk of which comes from the Sierra snowpack. In recent years, not only has there been less precipitation, but the snowpack has been melting earlier, making it harder to capture runoff and store it in reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes sense to build surface storage to capture that water, and that’s one potential answer, but another one is to manage the existing surface storage in conjunction with our groundwater storage,” said Hanak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Managing California’s limited water supply with an aging infrastructure to meet the needs of growing cities and a multi-billion dollar farming industry requires a diverse array of efforts, she said, from asking people to cut back on their water usage to boosting the use of recycled water for irrigation and landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no silver bullet when thinking about water policy and how to meet the demands of growing economy and population,” Hanak said. “Conservation, desalination and recycled water and new storage alone won’t do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Proposition 1 is polling well with likely voters. A poll released this week by the PPIC showed Prop 1 leading 56-32 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zIp5rWfv9w#t=1598\">Watch the full episode of Science at the Ballot Box, a joint KQED Newsroom and QUEST report that examines the science behind some of the key issues on the November ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "On GMO Labeling, Oregon and Colorado Learn from California Ballot Defeat",
"title": "On GMO Labeling, Oregon and Colorado Learn from California Ballot Defeat",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Nov. 6:\u003c/strong> In the Nov. 4 election, Oregon voters narrowly rejected Measure 92, which would have required the labeling of foods containing genetically engineered ingredients. The measure lost by a 51 to 49 percent vote. Coloradans also rejected a similar ballot initiative, Proposition 105, by a 66 to 34 percent vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post Oct. 28:\u003c/strong> Voters in Oregon will head to the polls Nov. 4 to decide whether to require foods made with genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled. In doing so, they’ll be voting on an initiative shaped in part by the experience of activists in California, who watched a similar measure fail two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon’s Measure 92 would require manufacturers, distributors and grocery owners to label raw and packaged foods produced entirely or partially through genetic engineering. If it passes, the measure will go into effect in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado also is voting on a labeling initiative Nov. 4. If it or the Oregon measure passes, the states will be following Vermont’s lead. In May, Vermont Gov. Peter Shumlin signed a new law making that state the first in the country to mandate labels for genetically engineered food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates in Oregon are hoping that their measure doesn’t face the same fate as a labeling measure in California. In November 2012, Californians narrowly voted down Proposition 37, by a 51 to 49 percent vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Tom-Llewellyn-chants-at-a-Prop-37-rally_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72423 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Tom-Llewellyn-chants-at-a-Prop-37-rally_800-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tom Llewellyn, a volunteer with the Proposition 37 campaign, chanted at a rally in Santa Cruz on Nov. 4, 2012, two days before the election. Prop. 37 lost with 49 percent of the vote. Photo: Gabriela Quirós \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Llewellyn, a volunteer with the Proposition 37 campaign in California, chanted at a rally in Santa Cruz on Nov. 4, 2012, two days before the election. Prop. 37 lost with 49 percent of the vote. Photo: Gabriela Quirós\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.noprop37.com/\">opposition to Prop. 37\u003c/a>, led by seed companies like Monsanto and food manufacturers such as Pepsico, spent $46 million to defeat \u003ca href=\"http://www.carighttoknow.org/\">the proposition\u003c/a>,which received $9 million from organic food companies and supplement manufacturers like Mercola. The disparity in funding is repeating itself again this year in Oregon, though this time around, the difference is smaller: as of Oct. 23, the \u003ca href=\"http://votenoon92.com/\">No on 92\u003c/a> campaign had raised $11 million and the \u003ca href=\"http://oregonrighttoknow.org/\">Yes on 92\u003c/a> campaign almost $6.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the difference in funding didn’t account entirely for the defeat of the California labeling campaign, its supporters say, and they’ve tried to apply their lessons from 2012 in Oregon today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California ballot initiative allowed for citizen lawsuits that could be brought by anybody at any time, and there was a lot of concern that this would be a boon for trial lawyers,” said Elisa Odabashian, director of the West Coast office of \u003ca href=\"http://consumersunion.org/\">Consumers Union\u003c/a>, the policy arm of Consumer Reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72420\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Elisa_Odabashian_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72420 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Elisa_Odabashian_800-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Elisa Odabashian, of Consumer Reports, said that her organization’s ultimate goal is for the federal government to mandate the labeling of genetically engineered food. Photo: Arwen Curry. \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elisa Odabashian, of Consumer Reports, said that her organization’s ultimate goal is for the federal government to mandate the labeling of genetically engineered food.\u003cbr> Photo: Arwen Curry.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Consumers Union has supported the idea of labeling genetically engineered foods since the 1990s, said Odabashian, who is based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the California campaign, No on 37 television ads played up the possibility of lawsuits hobbling small business owners. So in Oregon, labeling advocates have limited the ability for citizens to bring lawsuits against grocery stores that might be selling unlabeled foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are no monetary damages allowed under Measure 92 in Oregon,” said Odabashian. “So it will not be a big money-maker for trial lawyers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters argue that labeling gives shoppers important information about their food, and that the United States should follow the lead of more than 60 countries, including France and Japan, that require some form of labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of labeling contend that consumers who want to avoid genetically engineered ingredients can choose organic foods, which are already labeled. Federal guidelines prohibit organic farmers from using genetically engineered seeds, or feeding their animals engineered feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72424\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Tomato_paste_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72424 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Tomato_paste_800-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Genetically engineered tomatoes created in Davis, California, in the mid-1990s were made into an inexpensive tomato paste that sold well in England. The engineered tomatoes and the paste were both labeled, but were short-lived. Photo: Adrian Dubock \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genetically engineered tomatoes created in Davis, California, in the mid-1990s were made into an inexpensive tomato paste that sold well in England. The engineered tomatoes and the paste were both labeled, but were short-lived.\u003cbr> Photo: Adrian Dubock\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents also argue that labeling requirements would hike food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well of course the costs are going to go up,” said Dana Bieber, spokesperson for No on 92 during \u003ca href=\"http://www.katu.com/politics/Your-Voice-Your-Vote-Oregons-GMO-labeling-debate-270064221.html\">a televised debate\u003c/a> on Oregon’s KATU station in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cost isn’t in the relabeling. That’s nominal,” she said. “The cost to the consumer comes from the fact that food companies will have to remake their food with higher-priced GE ingredients to avoid having to put this label on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possibility that labeling could increase food prices has been a point of contention in every vote on the issue. In California’s 2012 campaign, the No on 37 camp argued that a typical family’s food expenses would increase by up to $400 annually if the initiative passed. In Oregon, Consumers Union commissioned a report that found that food prices would increase by slightly over $2 per person a year. This estimate is based on the assumption that even if labeling were required, companies would continue to sell foods with genetically engineered ingredients, and consumers would continue to buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72422\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Genetically-engineered-rice_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72422 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Genetically-engineered-rice_800-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"This rice at the University of California, Davis has been genetically engineered to tolerate the droughts that are already becoming more common with climate change. Photo: Gabriela Quirós \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This rice at the University of California, Davis has been genetically engineered to tolerate the droughts that are already becoming more common with climate change.\u003cbr> Photo: Gabriela Quirós\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Labeling advocates also argue that the advent of genetically engineered crops has led to \u003ca href=\"http://www.enveurope.com/content/24/1/24\">an increase in pesticide use\u003c/a>. One category of genetically engineered crops, created in the mid-1990s by the Missouri-based seed company Monsanto, allows farmers to spray the weed killer glyphosate -- known as Roundup -- without damaging their crops. This allowed growers to replace other more toxic herbicides with Roundup, which is cheaper and less toxic, said Los Banos alfalfa grower Philip Bowles. A \u003ca href=\"http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=12804\">2010 report by the National Academies\u003c/a> found that insecticide use had declined since GE crops were introduced, and farmers who grew GE crops used fewer insecticides and herbicides that linger in soil and waterways. A second category of GE crops include a bacterium that makes crops like cotton resistant to pests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But weed resistance to glyphosate has led seed companies to develop new GE crops that can tolerate other weed killers. The USDA approved in September soybeans and corn engineered by the Indiana-based Dow AgroSciences \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.dowagro.com/press-release/epa-registers-enlist-duo-herbicide-enlist-weed-control-system-now-approved\">to tolerate the weed killer 2,4-D\u003c/a>. A coalition of environmental groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/press-releases/3560/coalition-of-farmers-and-environmental-groups-to-challenge-epa-over-herbicide-approval\">is suing the EPA\u003c/a> over its approval in October of the use of 2,4-D for the spraying of GE corn and soybeans, arguing that the agency didn’t adequately study its health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of GE crops point out that \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/press-releases/3536/epa-approves-new-24-d-herbicide-blend-paving-way-for-controversial-ge-crops\">2,4-D was one of the ingredients in Agent Orange\u003c/a>, the herbicide the U.S. military used during the Vietnam War to destroy crops and trees. Agent Orange has been associated with health problems in U.S. veterans and the Vietnamese population, but these were caused mainly by an extremely toxic dioxin compound that contaminated Agent Orange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, more than 90 percent of the cotton, corn and soybeans, and more than 80 percent of the sugar beets grown in the United States are genetically engineered. GE canola and alfalfa are also grown in the US. These crops are used mainly as animal feed, or added to soda, snacks, cereals and other processed foods. Some yellow crookneck squash, sweet corn and zucchini, and some varieties of Hawaiian papayas are also genetically engineered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization and the National Academies have stated that the genetically engineered foods available today are safe to eat. Companies that sell genetically engineered seeds in the United States need approval from the EPA and USDA for most seeds. They also regularly go before the FDA, though that process is voluntary, which has drawn criticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that’s not enough,” said Odabashian. “We think an unbiased governmental body should be looking at the safety of these foods before they reach the marketplace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zIp5rWfv9w#t=1598\">Watch the full episode of Science at the Ballot Box, a joint KQED Newsroom and QUEST report that examines the science behind some of the key issues on the November ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Nov. 6:\u003c/strong> In the Nov. 4 election, Oregon voters narrowly rejected Measure 92, which would have required the labeling of foods containing genetically engineered ingredients. The measure lost by a 51 to 49 percent vote. Coloradans also rejected a similar ballot initiative, Proposition 105, by a 66 to 34 percent vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post Oct. 28:\u003c/strong> Voters in Oregon will head to the polls Nov. 4 to decide whether to require foods made with genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled. In doing so, they’ll be voting on an initiative shaped in part by the experience of activists in California, who watched a similar measure fail two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon’s Measure 92 would require manufacturers, distributors and grocery owners to label raw and packaged foods produced entirely or partially through genetic engineering. If it passes, the measure will go into effect in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado also is voting on a labeling initiative Nov. 4. If it or the Oregon measure passes, the states will be following Vermont’s lead. In May, Vermont Gov. Peter Shumlin signed a new law making that state the first in the country to mandate labels for genetically engineered food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates in Oregon are hoping that their measure doesn’t face the same fate as a labeling measure in California. In November 2012, Californians narrowly voted down Proposition 37, by a 51 to 49 percent vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Tom-Llewellyn-chants-at-a-Prop-37-rally_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72423 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Tom-Llewellyn-chants-at-a-Prop-37-rally_800-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tom Llewellyn, a volunteer with the Proposition 37 campaign, chanted at a rally in Santa Cruz on Nov. 4, 2012, two days before the election. Prop. 37 lost with 49 percent of the vote. Photo: Gabriela Quirós \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Llewellyn, a volunteer with the Proposition 37 campaign in California, chanted at a rally in Santa Cruz on Nov. 4, 2012, two days before the election. Prop. 37 lost with 49 percent of the vote. Photo: Gabriela Quirós\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.noprop37.com/\">opposition to Prop. 37\u003c/a>, led by seed companies like Monsanto and food manufacturers such as Pepsico, spent $46 million to defeat \u003ca href=\"http://www.carighttoknow.org/\">the proposition\u003c/a>,which received $9 million from organic food companies and supplement manufacturers like Mercola. The disparity in funding is repeating itself again this year in Oregon, though this time around, the difference is smaller: as of Oct. 23, the \u003ca href=\"http://votenoon92.com/\">No on 92\u003c/a> campaign had raised $11 million and the \u003ca href=\"http://oregonrighttoknow.org/\">Yes on 92\u003c/a> campaign almost $6.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the difference in funding didn’t account entirely for the defeat of the California labeling campaign, its supporters say, and they’ve tried to apply their lessons from 2012 in Oregon today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California ballot initiative allowed for citizen lawsuits that could be brought by anybody at any time, and there was a lot of concern that this would be a boon for trial lawyers,” said Elisa Odabashian, director of the West Coast office of \u003ca href=\"http://consumersunion.org/\">Consumers Union\u003c/a>, the policy arm of Consumer Reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72420\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Elisa_Odabashian_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72420 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Elisa_Odabashian_800-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Elisa Odabashian, of Consumer Reports, said that her organization’s ultimate goal is for the federal government to mandate the labeling of genetically engineered food. Photo: Arwen Curry. \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elisa Odabashian, of Consumer Reports, said that her organization’s ultimate goal is for the federal government to mandate the labeling of genetically engineered food.\u003cbr> Photo: Arwen Curry.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Consumers Union has supported the idea of labeling genetically engineered foods since the 1990s, said Odabashian, who is based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the California campaign, No on 37 television ads played up the possibility of lawsuits hobbling small business owners. So in Oregon, labeling advocates have limited the ability for citizens to bring lawsuits against grocery stores that might be selling unlabeled foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are no monetary damages allowed under Measure 92 in Oregon,” said Odabashian. “So it will not be a big money-maker for trial lawyers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters argue that labeling gives shoppers important information about their food, and that the United States should follow the lead of more than 60 countries, including France and Japan, that require some form of labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of labeling contend that consumers who want to avoid genetically engineered ingredients can choose organic foods, which are already labeled. Federal guidelines prohibit organic farmers from using genetically engineered seeds, or feeding their animals engineered feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72424\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Tomato_paste_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72424 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Tomato_paste_800-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Genetically engineered tomatoes created in Davis, California, in the mid-1990s were made into an inexpensive tomato paste that sold well in England. The engineered tomatoes and the paste were both labeled, but were short-lived. Photo: Adrian Dubock \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genetically engineered tomatoes created in Davis, California, in the mid-1990s were made into an inexpensive tomato paste that sold well in England. The engineered tomatoes and the paste were both labeled, but were short-lived.\u003cbr> Photo: Adrian Dubock\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents also argue that labeling requirements would hike food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well of course the costs are going to go up,” said Dana Bieber, spokesperson for No on 92 during \u003ca href=\"http://www.katu.com/politics/Your-Voice-Your-Vote-Oregons-GMO-labeling-debate-270064221.html\">a televised debate\u003c/a> on Oregon’s KATU station in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cost isn’t in the relabeling. That’s nominal,” she said. “The cost to the consumer comes from the fact that food companies will have to remake their food with higher-priced GE ingredients to avoid having to put this label on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possibility that labeling could increase food prices has been a point of contention in every vote on the issue. In California’s 2012 campaign, the No on 37 camp argued that a typical family’s food expenses would increase by up to $400 annually if the initiative passed. In Oregon, Consumers Union commissioned a report that found that food prices would increase by slightly over $2 per person a year. This estimate is based on the assumption that even if labeling were required, companies would continue to sell foods with genetically engineered ingredients, and consumers would continue to buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72422\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Genetically-engineered-rice_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72422 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Genetically-engineered-rice_800-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"This rice at the University of California, Davis has been genetically engineered to tolerate the droughts that are already becoming more common with climate change. Photo: Gabriela Quirós \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This rice at the University of California, Davis has been genetically engineered to tolerate the droughts that are already becoming more common with climate change.\u003cbr> Photo: Gabriela Quirós\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Labeling advocates also argue that the advent of genetically engineered crops has led to \u003ca href=\"http://www.enveurope.com/content/24/1/24\">an increase in pesticide use\u003c/a>. One category of genetically engineered crops, created in the mid-1990s by the Missouri-based seed company Monsanto, allows farmers to spray the weed killer glyphosate -- known as Roundup -- without damaging their crops. This allowed growers to replace other more toxic herbicides with Roundup, which is cheaper and less toxic, said Los Banos alfalfa grower Philip Bowles. A \u003ca href=\"http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=12804\">2010 report by the National Academies\u003c/a> found that insecticide use had declined since GE crops were introduced, and farmers who grew GE crops used fewer insecticides and herbicides that linger in soil and waterways. A second category of GE crops include a bacterium that makes crops like cotton resistant to pests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But weed resistance to glyphosate has led seed companies to develop new GE crops that can tolerate other weed killers. The USDA approved in September soybeans and corn engineered by the Indiana-based Dow AgroSciences \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.dowagro.com/press-release/epa-registers-enlist-duo-herbicide-enlist-weed-control-system-now-approved\">to tolerate the weed killer 2,4-D\u003c/a>. A coalition of environmental groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/press-releases/3560/coalition-of-farmers-and-environmental-groups-to-challenge-epa-over-herbicide-approval\">is suing the EPA\u003c/a> over its approval in October of the use of 2,4-D for the spraying of GE corn and soybeans, arguing that the agency didn’t adequately study its health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of GE crops point out that \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/press-releases/3536/epa-approves-new-24-d-herbicide-blend-paving-way-for-controversial-ge-crops\">2,4-D was one of the ingredients in Agent Orange\u003c/a>, the herbicide the U.S. military used during the Vietnam War to destroy crops and trees. Agent Orange has been associated with health problems in U.S. veterans and the Vietnamese population, but these were caused mainly by an extremely toxic dioxin compound that contaminated Agent Orange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, more than 90 percent of the cotton, corn and soybeans, and more than 80 percent of the sugar beets grown in the United States are genetically engineered. GE canola and alfalfa are also grown in the US. These crops are used mainly as animal feed, or added to soda, snacks, cereals and other processed foods. Some yellow crookneck squash, sweet corn and zucchini, and some varieties of Hawaiian papayas are also genetically engineered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization and the National Academies have stated that the genetically engineered foods available today are safe to eat. Companies that sell genetically engineered seeds in the United States need approval from the EPA and USDA for most seeds. They also regularly go before the FDA, though that process is voluntary, which has drawn criticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that’s not enough,” said Odabashian. “We think an unbiased governmental body should be looking at the safety of these foods before they reach the marketplace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zIp5rWfv9w#t=1598\">Watch the full episode of Science at the Ballot Box, a joint KQED Newsroom and QUEST report that examines the science behind some of the key issues on the November ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Video reported by Gabriela Quirós and Lauren Sommer, who narrates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Nov. 6:\u003c/strong> In the Nov. 4 election, San Benito and Mendocino counties passed bans on fracking, while Santa Barbara’s ballot initiative failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post Oct. 27:\u003c/strong> Three California counties – Santa Barbara, Mendocino and San Benito – will decide this November on ballot initiatives that ask voters to ban hydraulic fracturing, the controversial oil- and gas-extraction technique known as “fracking.” San Benito activists were the first to qualify an anti-fracking initiative in the state, in response to Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to allow the technique to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/10/10/anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots/\">Anti-Fracking Activists in California Take Fight to County Ballots\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/series/fracking-california/\">KQED Science coverage of fracking\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOJUu3T-EY4\">KQED NEWSROOM Special Edition: The Fracking Debate Heats Up In California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Video reported by Gabriela Quirós and Lauren Sommer, who narrates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Nov. 6:\u003c/strong> In the Nov. 4 election, San Benito and Mendocino counties passed bans on fracking, while Santa Barbara’s ballot initiative failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post Oct. 27:\u003c/strong> Three California counties – Santa Barbara, Mendocino and San Benito – will decide this November on ballot initiatives that ask voters to ban hydraulic fracturing, the controversial oil- and gas-extraction technique known as “fracking.” San Benito activists were the first to qualify an anti-fracking initiative in the state, in response to Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to allow the technique to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/10/10/anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots/\">Anti-Fracking Activists in California Take Fight to County Ballots\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/series/fracking-california/\">KQED Science coverage of fracking\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOJUu3T-EY4\">KQED NEWSROOM Special Edition: The Fracking Debate Heats Up In California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>PORT HUENEME -- Frank Oakes is betting his future on a snail. Thousands are suctioned onto the walls of 19 outdoor aquaculture tanks behind his office in Port Hueneme, California, south of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaped like oblong cinnamon rolls, the black, tan, and striped snails may live up to 60 years, although their population may be dwindling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This fragile California resource could be the basis of multiple life-saving drugs,” said Oakes, who is the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stellarbiotechnologies.com/\">Stellar Biotechnologies Inc.\u003c/a>, a biomedical company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant keyhole limpets contain a valuable protein called KLH, or \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_limpet_hemocyanin\">keyhole limpet hemocyanin\u003c/a>, which is being tested in more than 20 different types of cancer vaccines and on autoimmune diseases like Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72272\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_GKL-AQJuveniles-18-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-72272\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_GKL-AQJuveniles-18-1-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Since the 1990s, limpets have been raised in captivity and their blood is being tested in treatments for cancer and automimmune diseases. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\" width=\"365\" height=\"244\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Since the 1990s, limpets have been raised in captivity and their blood is being tested in treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The copper-based blood protein carries oxygen through the snail’s body, as hemoglobin does in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s, immunologists found that inserting KLH into patients triggered a powerful immune response. Such responses are critical in helping the body fight cancer and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are lots of situations where we wish we could elicit an immune response,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.oxy.edu/\">Occidental College\u003c/a> biology professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxy.edu/faculty/gary-martin\">Gary Martin\u003c/a>. “Cancer, for example, doesn’t stimulate a strong response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have figured out how to take markers for a specific type of cancer and attach KLH before inserting them into a vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once administered, KLH wakes up the immune system and the patient’s antibodies see the markers. Like a signpost, the markers point toward the patient’s cancer. This process trains the immune system to fight the patient’s specific type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hope with the cancer vaccines that contain KLH is that one day they will be preventative, much like the vaccines for measles and polio are today,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.stellarbiotechnologies.com/about-stellar/leadership/management-team\">Catherine Brisson\u003c/a>, chief operating officer of Stellar Biotechnologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff8000\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This fragile California resource could be the basis of multiple life-saving drugs\" -- Frank Oakes, CEO Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KLH-based vaccines are in phase III clinical trials, the last stage before a drug receives commercial approval from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries, including South Korea, China, and the Netherlands, have already approved KLH-based cancer vaccines. Stellar sells the purified blood protein to international companies for $50,000 per gram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But generating a steady supply of KLH is tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant keyhole limpets only live off the California coast and no one knows how many exist in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most international pharmaceutical companies collect mollusks from the ocean, which are frozen and shipped overseas or bled to death and thrown back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_KLH-IMG_8554-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-72274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_KLH-IMG_8554-1-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"One gram of the snails' purified blood protein is $50,000. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\" width=\"225\" height=\"339\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One gram of the snails' purified blood protein is sold to pharmaceutical companies for $50,000. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I have been working in our kelp forest since 1970 and have seen [them] become much more rare over the years,” \u003ca href=\"http://daytonlab.ucsd.edu/\">Paul Dayton\u003c/a>, a marine ecologist at \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/\">Scripps Institution of Oceanography\u003c/a>, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the market value for the blood protein, Dayton said, “it makes sense that they might be disappearing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s important, he said, is preserving a marine habitat that is vastly under studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do not think it is appropriate to have a commercial harvest…without first doing some research on the population biology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton argued for restrictions on the number of snails that can be removed, since there are no catch limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Stellar is no longer taking limpets from the wild, it is relying on a supply that may not last if KLH-based treatments are approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should any of these clinical trials hit the jackpot, we don’t have a huge reservoir of these animals to supply the need for further clinical trials and treatments,” said Martin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This story was made possible, in part, by support from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijnr.org/\">Institute for Journalism & Natural Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>PORT HUENEME -- Frank Oakes is betting his future on a snail. Thousands are suctioned onto the walls of 19 outdoor aquaculture tanks behind his office in Port Hueneme, California, south of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaped like oblong cinnamon rolls, the black, tan, and striped snails may live up to 60 years, although their population may be dwindling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This fragile California resource could be the basis of multiple life-saving drugs,” said Oakes, who is the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stellarbiotechnologies.com/\">Stellar Biotechnologies Inc.\u003c/a>, a biomedical company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant keyhole limpets contain a valuable protein called KLH, or \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_limpet_hemocyanin\">keyhole limpet hemocyanin\u003c/a>, which is being tested in more than 20 different types of cancer vaccines and on autoimmune diseases like Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72272\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_GKL-AQJuveniles-18-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-72272\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_GKL-AQJuveniles-18-1-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Since the 1990s, limpets have been raised in captivity and their blood is being tested in treatments for cancer and automimmune diseases. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\" width=\"365\" height=\"244\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Since the 1990s, limpets have been raised in captivity and their blood is being tested in treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The copper-based blood protein carries oxygen through the snail’s body, as hemoglobin does in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s, immunologists found that inserting KLH into patients triggered a powerful immune response. Such responses are critical in helping the body fight cancer and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are lots of situations where we wish we could elicit an immune response,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.oxy.edu/\">Occidental College\u003c/a> biology professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxy.edu/faculty/gary-martin\">Gary Martin\u003c/a>. “Cancer, for example, doesn’t stimulate a strong response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have figured out how to take markers for a specific type of cancer and attach KLH before inserting them into a vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once administered, KLH wakes up the immune system and the patient’s antibodies see the markers. Like a signpost, the markers point toward the patient’s cancer. This process trains the immune system to fight the patient’s specific type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hope with the cancer vaccines that contain KLH is that one day they will be preventative, much like the vaccines for measles and polio are today,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.stellarbiotechnologies.com/about-stellar/leadership/management-team\">Catherine Brisson\u003c/a>, chief operating officer of Stellar Biotechnologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff8000\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This fragile California resource could be the basis of multiple life-saving drugs\" -- Frank Oakes, CEO Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KLH-based vaccines are in phase III clinical trials, the last stage before a drug receives commercial approval from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries, including South Korea, China, and the Netherlands, have already approved KLH-based cancer vaccines. Stellar sells the purified blood protein to international companies for $50,000 per gram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But generating a steady supply of KLH is tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant keyhole limpets only live off the California coast and no one knows how many exist in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most international pharmaceutical companies collect mollusks from the ocean, which are frozen and shipped overseas or bled to death and thrown back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_KLH-IMG_8554-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-72274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Stellar-2014-copyright_KLH-IMG_8554-1-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"One gram of the snails' purified blood protein is $50,000. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\" width=\"225\" height=\"339\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One gram of the snails' purified blood protein is sold to pharmaceutical companies for $50,000. Photo: Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I have been working in our kelp forest since 1970 and have seen [them] become much more rare over the years,” \u003ca href=\"http://daytonlab.ucsd.edu/\">Paul Dayton\u003c/a>, a marine ecologist at \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/\">Scripps Institution of Oceanography\u003c/a>, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the market value for the blood protein, Dayton said, “it makes sense that they might be disappearing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s important, he said, is preserving a marine habitat that is vastly under studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do not think it is appropriate to have a commercial harvest…without first doing some research on the population biology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton argued for restrictions on the number of snails that can be removed, since there are no catch limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Stellar is no longer taking limpets from the wild, it is relying on a supply that may not last if KLH-based treatments are approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should any of these clinical trials hit the jackpot, we don’t have a huge reservoir of these animals to supply the need for further clinical trials and treatments,” said Martin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This story was made possible, in part, by support from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijnr.org/\">Institute for Journalism & Natural Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Glowing Plants? City Streets Lit by Trees",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the basement of a startup lab in San Francisco, scientist Kyle Taylor stands in a dark, windowless room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of like to have a big reveal,” he said, taking out a small plant that shined like a nightlight. The mouse-ear cress had been injected with firefly DNA so it emitted a soft green glow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like it’s getting brighter, but actually your eyes are adjusting,” he said, “although one day we hope to make the plants emit more light.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor is the biotechnologist behind \u003ca href=\"http://www.glowingplant.com/\">Glowing Plants\u003c/a>, a synthetic-biology startup company that plans to sell engineered seeds to the public in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A kid who grows up with a glowing plant in his bedroom won’t have a fear of technology --Glowing Plants founder Antony Evans\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To create the glow, Taylor uses a gene gun filled with high-pressure helium to blast a DNA sequence into small plant cells on a petri dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sequence contains luciferase, the light-emitting compound found in fireflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 1 percent of the tiny plants accept the genes, but the successful ones mature and start emitting light after two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Antony Evans’ end goal is to create glowing trees that could replace street lamps to illuminate cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get trees bright enough to be used for lighting, that would be awesome and mean less carbon dioxide emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees also can also live for hundreds of years, he added, meaning they wouldn’t need to be replaced as often as roadside lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans’ vision for the trees and shrubs centers around a paradigm shift about genetically modified organisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72091\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/Glowing-plants-Antony.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-72091\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/Glowing-plants-Antony-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Glowing Plants CEO Antony Evans holding plants that have been engineered with firefly DNA.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Glowing Plants CEO Antony Evans holds sprouted mouse-ear cress. The plant has been engineered to glow with firefly DNA. (Glowing Plants)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We want to change the perception around GMOs,” said Evans. “We want to make them cool and interesting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To achieve this, Evans wants to create glowing aromatic plants and plants that repel bugs, or even plants that produce milk. He sees this as a way to dispel the public skepticism and controversy directed at genetic engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A kid who grows up with a glowing plant in his bedroom won’t have a fear of technology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans and Taylor aren’t the only ones who hope to see glowing plants on bedside tables or lighting up rooftop gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 8,000 people backed Evans’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/\">Kickstarter \u003c/a>campaign, which raised nearly $500,000 in a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is also receiving support from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ycombinator.com/\">Y Combinator\u003c/a>, a prominent venture capital fund in Mountain View, CA, that pumped $120,000 into the project in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans’ company is taking pre-orders, which are priced at $40 for a batch of 50 to 100 seeds. But the idea of turning plants into virtual light bulbs has raised concern among some environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72094\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/glowing-plants-bacteria.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72094 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/glowing-plants-bacteria-384x253.png\" alt=\" Courtesy Glowing Plants.\" width=\"384\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The team engineered bacteria with custom DNA derived from bioluminescent marine bacteria. Once the DNA is inserted into a plant it will eventually start to glow. (Glowing Plants)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a new technology we haven’t seen before,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.foe.org/about-us/our-team\">Dana Perls\u003c/a>, a food and technology Campaigner for \u003ca href=\"http://www.foe.org/\">Friends of the Earth\u003c/a> in Berkeley. “There’s no assessment about the potential impact on the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal and state laws pertaining to bioengineered plants are inadequate, according to Perls. “These plants are virtually unregulated,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_Protection_Act\">Plant Protection Act\u003c/a>, a federal law, requires that organisms which might harm plants may not be engineered or inserted into plants and distributed without regulatory approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse-ear cress and luciferase are not considered harmful according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome\">United States Department of Agriculture\u003c/a>. However, agrobacterium, bacteria the company initially used to insert firefly DNA, is considered a plant pest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans said he is unsure whether he’ll use agrobacterium in the final product, but if he does, the company will need to apply for a permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.etcgroup.org/users/jim-thomas\">Jim Thomas\u003c/a>, research program manager for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.etcgroup.org/\">ETC Group\u003c/a>, an international technology watchdog group, said Glowing Plants is operating with little oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Glowing Plants guys ran a truck through scant regulations around genetic engineering,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics are worried that the plants will spread with unknown effects on soil, pollinators, native plants and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year ETC Group and Friends of the Earth sent a letter to Kickstarter and the USDA asking them to shut the project down. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/\">Kickstarter\u003c/a> has since banned GMOs being given out as rewards for project backers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responses from the USDA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/home/\">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service\u003c/a>, which has jurisdiction over the plants, have been vague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked for comment, APHIS spokesperson Ed Curlett said in an email, “If plants are not plant pests, then APHIS would have no reason to regulate these plants. Without knowing exactly how these plants are being developed, we cannot say at this point if they fall into the category of being a plant pest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the opposition, Evans believes that glowing plants are a rare opportunity for scientific advancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plant isn’t just a plant,” said Evans. “We see it as a symbol of an enlightened new future where humanity can use biotechnology to achieve both fun, creative aims but also solve big challenges around food, energy, and water security.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the basement of a startup lab in San Francisco, scientist Kyle Taylor stands in a dark, windowless room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of like to have a big reveal,” he said, taking out a small plant that shined like a nightlight. The mouse-ear cress had been injected with firefly DNA so it emitted a soft green glow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like it’s getting brighter, but actually your eyes are adjusting,” he said, “although one day we hope to make the plants emit more light.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor is the biotechnologist behind \u003ca href=\"http://www.glowingplant.com/\">Glowing Plants\u003c/a>, a synthetic-biology startup company that plans to sell engineered seeds to the public in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A kid who grows up with a glowing plant in his bedroom won’t have a fear of technology --Glowing Plants founder Antony Evans\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To create the glow, Taylor uses a gene gun filled with high-pressure helium to blast a DNA sequence into small plant cells on a petri dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sequence contains luciferase, the light-emitting compound found in fireflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 1 percent of the tiny plants accept the genes, but the successful ones mature and start emitting light after two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Antony Evans’ end goal is to create glowing trees that could replace street lamps to illuminate cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get trees bright enough to be used for lighting, that would be awesome and mean less carbon dioxide emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees also can also live for hundreds of years, he added, meaning they wouldn’t need to be replaced as often as roadside lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans’ vision for the trees and shrubs centers around a paradigm shift about genetically modified organisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72091\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/Glowing-plants-Antony.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-72091\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/Glowing-plants-Antony-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Glowing Plants CEO Antony Evans holding plants that have been engineered with firefly DNA.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Glowing Plants CEO Antony Evans holds sprouted mouse-ear cress. The plant has been engineered to glow with firefly DNA. (Glowing Plants)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We want to change the perception around GMOs,” said Evans. “We want to make them cool and interesting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To achieve this, Evans wants to create glowing aromatic plants and plants that repel bugs, or even plants that produce milk. He sees this as a way to dispel the public skepticism and controversy directed at genetic engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A kid who grows up with a glowing plant in his bedroom won’t have a fear of technology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans and Taylor aren’t the only ones who hope to see glowing plants on bedside tables or lighting up rooftop gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 8,000 people backed Evans’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/\">Kickstarter \u003c/a>campaign, which raised nearly $500,000 in a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is also receiving support from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ycombinator.com/\">Y Combinator\u003c/a>, a prominent venture capital fund in Mountain View, CA, that pumped $120,000 into the project in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans’ company is taking pre-orders, which are priced at $40 for a batch of 50 to 100 seeds. But the idea of turning plants into virtual light bulbs has raised concern among some environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72094\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/glowing-plants-bacteria.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72094 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/08/glowing-plants-bacteria-384x253.png\" alt=\" Courtesy Glowing Plants.\" width=\"384\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The team engineered bacteria with custom DNA derived from bioluminescent marine bacteria. Once the DNA is inserted into a plant it will eventually start to glow. (Glowing Plants)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a new technology we haven’t seen before,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.foe.org/about-us/our-team\">Dana Perls\u003c/a>, a food and technology Campaigner for \u003ca href=\"http://www.foe.org/\">Friends of the Earth\u003c/a> in Berkeley. “There’s no assessment about the potential impact on the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal and state laws pertaining to bioengineered plants are inadequate, according to Perls. “These plants are virtually unregulated,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_Protection_Act\">Plant Protection Act\u003c/a>, a federal law, requires that organisms which might harm plants may not be engineered or inserted into plants and distributed without regulatory approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouse-ear cress and luciferase are not considered harmful according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome\">United States Department of Agriculture\u003c/a>. However, agrobacterium, bacteria the company initially used to insert firefly DNA, is considered a plant pest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans said he is unsure whether he’ll use agrobacterium in the final product, but if he does, the company will need to apply for a permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.etcgroup.org/users/jim-thomas\">Jim Thomas\u003c/a>, research program manager for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.etcgroup.org/\">ETC Group\u003c/a>, an international technology watchdog group, said Glowing Plants is operating with little oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Glowing Plants guys ran a truck through scant regulations around genetic engineering,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics are worried that the plants will spread with unknown effects on soil, pollinators, native plants and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year ETC Group and Friends of the Earth sent a letter to Kickstarter and the USDA asking them to shut the project down. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/\">Kickstarter\u003c/a> has since banned GMOs being given out as rewards for project backers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responses from the USDA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/home/\">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service\u003c/a>, which has jurisdiction over the plants, have been vague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked for comment, APHIS spokesperson Ed Curlett said in an email, “If plants are not plant pests, then APHIS would have no reason to regulate these plants. Without knowing exactly how these plants are being developed, we cannot say at this point if they fall into the category of being a plant pest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the opposition, Evans believes that glowing plants are a rare opportunity for scientific advancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plant isn’t just a plant,” said Evans. “We see it as a symbol of an enlightened new future where humanity can use biotechnology to achieve both fun, creative aims but also solve big challenges around food, energy, and water security.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Why build a home if you can grow one? San Francisco-based artist Phil Ross has spent the last 20 years developing sustainable materials from mushrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Ross originally cultivated mushrooms as food, he quickly became fascinated by their \u003ca href=\"http://philross.org/\" target=\"_blank\">potential as an artistic medium\u003c/a>. He started growing sculptures and other structural forms out of fungus. And through a process he calls “mycotecture,” Ross crafted furniture, interlocking blocks, and a small tea house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It just seems like an inevitability that this is going to be a popular material,\" said Phil Ross, Chief Technology Officer of MycoWorks.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But what started as an art project has now turned into a business venture. At the end of 2013 Ross co-founded the startup company \u003ca href=\"http://www.mycoworks.com/\" target=\"_blank\">MycoWorks\u003c/a> as the first step on his quest to “mycotecturize the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This stuff can be used to replace a lot of engineered woods, a lot of plastics, a lot of materials that we can't even think of,\" said Ross, who is now the company’s chief technology officer. \"It just seems like an inevitability that this is going to be a popular material.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross’s creations start out as bits of reishi mushroom, an edible fungus commonly sold as a health supplement. But he’s not growing the familiar fruiting bodies you’ll find at the store. Instead, Ross relies on the mushroom’s root structure, known as mycelium, to form the substance of his materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feeding on agricultural waste such as sawdust or corn husks, the mycelium forms an interwoven network that can be molded into practically any shape. Growing the fungus in rectangular boxes creates “mycobricks.” More elaborate molds can be used to produce chair seats or decorative panels. Depending on the final density of the material, this process can take anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The material is then dried out with fans and baked in an oven to kill the fungus. “It’s mainly so that when you have a brick, it’s not going to come alive again and infect your house and start to eat it,” said Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" ids=\"71715,71714,71717,71718,71720,71721,71722,71712\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The material is also self-binding and flame resistant, negating the need for toxic glues and flame-retardant chemicals. Unlike most synthetic products, mycelium materials can be created without petrochemicals and are completely compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">According to the artist, his creations smell less like a slice of mushroom pizza and more like a walk in the woods.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While edible mushrooms can be polarizing, Ross said, “it doesn’t smell like your typical mushroom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the first thing that people do. They grab [the material] and they smell it,” said Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the artist, his creations smell less like a slice of mushroom pizza and more like a walk in the woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MycoWorks isn’t the only company working to commercialize mushroom-based products. For the past few years \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecovativedesign.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ecovative Design\u003c/a> has been producing packaging materials made from mycelium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecovative’s grow-it-yourself kits have also allowed artists to get creative with the material. Recent projects include colossal, \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/nyc/worlds-first-tower-made-from-mushrooms-rises-at-ps1-in-queens-ny/mushroom-building-3-2/?extend=1\" target=\"_blank\">bio-inspired towers\u003c/a> installed in the heart of New York City and \u003ca href=\"http://danielletrofe.com/mush-lume/\" target=\"_blank\">mushroom-shaped table lamps\u003c/a> called “mush-lumes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And fungus isn’t just for building. Edible mushrooms are also being used to \u003ca href=\"http://www.civiltwilightcollective.com/mushrooms.htm\" target=\"_blank\">break down condemned wooden houses\u003c/a> into compost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both MycoWorks and Ecovative are pushing the limits of what the fungus can do. To this end, Ross has teamed up with Sonia Travaglini, a doctoral researcher in mechanical engineering at the University of California-Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" ids=\"71725,71726,71724,71723,71713,71716\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My research so far has been some of the first characterization of these materials,” said Travaglini. Currently she is experimenting with composites that meld the mycelium with more conventional materials. One creation combines the lightweight durability of mycelium with the tensile strength of bamboo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by manipulating growing conditions, the same mushroom mycelium can form everything from lightweight foams to durable bricks as tough as concrete. “Because it’s a natural material, what we feed it and how we grow it chooses how the properties come about,” said Travaglini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eddie Pavlu, CEO of MycoWorks, plans to develop engineered wood alternatives, cork-like materials, and polystyrene-like foams from the mycelium material. As they scale up production, Pavlu says these substances will be cost competitive with conventional materials such as particle board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the next year or two we could be replacing certain parts of buildings,” said Pavlu, though he points out that updating building codes to allow the new materials could take some time. For now the company is focusing less on heavy-duty construction materials in favor of products that won’t require lengthy approval processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Looking further out, 10 to 20 years from now, I see not just construction materials, but I see a replacement for plastics,” said Pavlu. Ross agrees, and believes that one day many things -- everything from computers and car parts to sports gear and spaceships -- could be grown from mushrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the sky’s the limit,” said Travaglini. “Or rather, the mushroom’s the limit.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Why build a home if you can grow one? San Francisco-based artist Phil Ross has spent the last 20 years developing sustainable materials from mushrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Ross originally cultivated mushrooms as food, he quickly became fascinated by their \u003ca href=\"http://philross.org/\" target=\"_blank\">potential as an artistic medium\u003c/a>. He started growing sculptures and other structural forms out of fungus. And through a process he calls “mycotecture,” Ross crafted furniture, interlocking blocks, and a small tea house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It just seems like an inevitability that this is going to be a popular material,\" said Phil Ross, Chief Technology Officer of MycoWorks.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But what started as an art project has now turned into a business venture. At the end of 2013 Ross co-founded the startup company \u003ca href=\"http://www.mycoworks.com/\" target=\"_blank\">MycoWorks\u003c/a> as the first step on his quest to “mycotecturize the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This stuff can be used to replace a lot of engineered woods, a lot of plastics, a lot of materials that we can't even think of,\" said Ross, who is now the company’s chief technology officer. \"It just seems like an inevitability that this is going to be a popular material.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross’s creations start out as bits of reishi mushroom, an edible fungus commonly sold as a health supplement. But he’s not growing the familiar fruiting bodies you’ll find at the store. Instead, Ross relies on the mushroom’s root structure, known as mycelium, to form the substance of his materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feeding on agricultural waste such as sawdust or corn husks, the mycelium forms an interwoven network that can be molded into practically any shape. Growing the fungus in rectangular boxes creates “mycobricks.” More elaborate molds can be used to produce chair seats or decorative panels. Depending on the final density of the material, this process can take anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The material is then dried out with fans and baked in an oven to kill the fungus. “It’s mainly so that when you have a brick, it’s not going to come alive again and infect your house and start to eat it,” said Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The material is also self-binding and flame resistant, negating the need for toxic glues and flame-retardant chemicals. Unlike most synthetic products, mycelium materials can be created without petrochemicals and are completely compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">According to the artist, his creations smell less like a slice of mushroom pizza and more like a walk in the woods.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While edible mushrooms can be polarizing, Ross said, “it doesn’t smell like your typical mushroom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the first thing that people do. They grab [the material] and they smell it,” said Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the artist, his creations smell less like a slice of mushroom pizza and more like a walk in the woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MycoWorks isn’t the only company working to commercialize mushroom-based products. For the past few years \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecovativedesign.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ecovative Design\u003c/a> has been producing packaging materials made from mycelium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecovative’s grow-it-yourself kits have also allowed artists to get creative with the material. Recent projects include colossal, \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/nyc/worlds-first-tower-made-from-mushrooms-rises-at-ps1-in-queens-ny/mushroom-building-3-2/?extend=1\" target=\"_blank\">bio-inspired towers\u003c/a> installed in the heart of New York City and \u003ca href=\"http://danielletrofe.com/mush-lume/\" target=\"_blank\">mushroom-shaped table lamps\u003c/a> called “mush-lumes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And fungus isn’t just for building. Edible mushrooms are also being used to \u003ca href=\"http://www.civiltwilightcollective.com/mushrooms.htm\" target=\"_blank\">break down condemned wooden houses\u003c/a> into compost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both MycoWorks and Ecovative are pushing the limits of what the fungus can do. To this end, Ross has teamed up with Sonia Travaglini, a doctoral researcher in mechanical engineering at the University of California-Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My research so far has been some of the first characterization of these materials,” said Travaglini. Currently she is experimenting with composites that meld the mycelium with more conventional materials. One creation combines the lightweight durability of mycelium with the tensile strength of bamboo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by manipulating growing conditions, the same mushroom mycelium can form everything from lightweight foams to durable bricks as tough as concrete. “Because it’s a natural material, what we feed it and how we grow it chooses how the properties come about,” said Travaglini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eddie Pavlu, CEO of MycoWorks, plans to develop engineered wood alternatives, cork-like materials, and polystyrene-like foams from the mycelium material. As they scale up production, Pavlu says these substances will be cost competitive with conventional materials such as particle board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the next year or two we could be replacing certain parts of buildings,” said Pavlu, though he points out that updating building codes to allow the new materials could take some time. For now the company is focusing less on heavy-duty construction materials in favor of products that won’t require lengthy approval processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Looking further out, 10 to 20 years from now, I see not just construction materials, but I see a replacement for plastics,” said Pavlu. Ross agrees, and believes that one day many things -- everything from computers and car parts to sports gear and spaceships -- could be grown from mushrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the sky’s the limit,” said Travaglini. “Or rather, the mushroom’s the limit.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Future of Sustainable Food: Q&A with Wendell Berry",
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"content": "\u003cp>Farmer and environmentalist Wendell Berry is known to many as the father of the sustainable food movement. He is an outspoken advocate for an agrarian revolution to end industrialized practices that he says are poisoning the land and destroying rural communities. In recent years Berry has promoted a 50-Year Farm Bill, which presents a long-term plan to reduce soil erosion and land pollution by replacing annual crops with perennials. His latest book, \u003cem>Distant Neighbors\u003c/em>, chronicles his 40-year correspondence with poet Gary Snyder, and discusses everything from faith and family to the destruction of the environment. Berry stopped by \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED\u003c/a> and I had a chance to speak with him about agricultural policy and current trends in the sustainable food movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The word “sustainability” has become very promiscuously used these days.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it’s useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yeah. So I'm curious what you think of that word or how you define it.\u003c/strong> \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"We’re stuck with the word 'sustainability' because it’s clearly something we have to strive for\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Well, we’re stuck with the word “sustainability” because it’s clearly something we have to strive for. But we had better be a little humble about it, because we Americans have not sustained anything for very long. And the stuff that we have sustained, we haven’t done it deliberately until the last few years. So this issue of sustainability requires a lot of careful thought about ways of work and kinds of materials and it’s a conversation that we’ve just begun. The thing that we’re most needing to sustain is the health of the ecosphere, which is a big job. It then divides itself naturally into the need to sustain local ecosystems. The great fact of our time is that while our conversation about sustainability is trying to get started, we’re destroying the health of the local ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71585\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/RS2700_VallejoFarmersMarket_20120414e-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/RS2700_VallejoFarmersMarket_20120414e-scr-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Buying produce at farmers' markets helps support local economies and build community. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buying produce at farmers' markets helps support local economies and build community, according to Berry. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In the past you’ve advocated for a 50-Year Farm Bill to try to address some of these problems.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m glad you mentioned \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/11/the-50-year-farm-bill/265099/\" target=\"_blank\">the 50-Year Farm Bill\u003c/a>, because it makes sense. It is a brief document that has the great virtue of making sense about agriculture itself rather than about food stamps and those peripheral matters (not that I’m against food stamps). But the idea is to reverse the ratio between annual and perennial plants. We now have 20 percent perennial and 80 percent annual, and the proposal is in 50 years to reverse that to 80 percent perennial and 20 percent annual. This involves diminishing the amount of erosion, the toxicity of these fields, and the ongoing destruction of rural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve talked a lot about local economies and local communities. Our world has become so globalized, is it possible to have truly local economies anymore?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s some authentic hope in this effort to promote local food, which is succeeding. It’s based on an informed population of customers, it’s based on knowledgeable land use, and it is antithetical to globalization and the global economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There are a lot of big corporations now trying to jump onto the sustainable food movement. For example, Coca-Cola and McDonald’s have new environmental goals for 2020. What do you make of that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71587\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/GMO-Labeling-Initiatives-Med.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71587\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/GMO-Labeling-Initiatives-Med-491x360.png\" alt=\"GMO labeling initiatives by state. States in green have passed GMO labeling laws. States in blue have introduced GMO labeling legislation in the form of bills, resolutions, or ballot measures. States in gray have yet to review GMO labeling. Visit Right to Know GMO for more information. (Liz Roth-Johnson/KQED)\" width=\"390\" height=\"286\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">GMO labeling initiatives by state. Blue states have introduced GMO labeling legislation in the form of bills, resolutions, or ballot measures. Gray states have yet to review GMO labeling. Green states have passed GMO labeling laws. Click to enlarge. Source: \u003ca href=\"http://righttoknow-gmo.org/states\" target=\"_blank\">Right to Know GMO\u003c/a> (Liz Roth-Johnson/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I was raised with a certain prejudice against corporations. And it has become less a prejudice than a case. Jefferson said we shouldn’t trust the government; I don’t think we should trust corporations. I don’t think the conservationists and environmentalists have anything to gain from getting into bed with the corporations. I think the corporations are doing that out of self-interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think genetically modified foods should be labeled?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, of course they should be labeled! Genetic modification is just the ultimate so far in the corporate effort to rule the food industry and the agricultural landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There are also researchers in universities trying to use genetic modification to, say, make crops that will help small farmers in Third World countries. Is there a way we could judiciously use genetic modification?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71589\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/INSET-Wendell-and-the-woodpile-c-Guy-Mendes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71589\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/INSET-Wendell-and-the-woodpile-c-Guy-Mendes-272x360.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Guy Mendes\" width=\"220\" height=\"291\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Guy Mendes\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I would say view it with suspicion. These people [corporations] are not going to do anything, I think, to help small people succeed. They’re going to do it in their own interest. And people who are working in universities from altruistic motives can’t stop their work from being taken over and used and abused by the corporations. I take it all with a grain of salt … more than a grain of salt!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Through all of this, you seem to remain fairly optimistic that we can change the food system. Where does that optimism come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, I’m not optimistic. I’m hopeful, because I know there are better ways of treating the world. And I know that not just from theory, but from examples, from things I’ve seen, and from things I’ve learned from reading history. It is possible to do better. Some people are doing better now\u003cem>.\u003c/em> And that’s not to be argued with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been condensed and edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Farmer and environmentalist Wendell Berry is known to many as the father of the sustainable food movement. He is an outspoken advocate for an agrarian revolution to end industrialized practices that he says are poisoning the land and destroying rural communities. In recent years Berry has promoted a 50-Year Farm Bill, which presents a long-term plan to reduce soil erosion and land pollution by replacing annual crops with perennials. His latest book, \u003cem>Distant Neighbors\u003c/em>, chronicles his 40-year correspondence with poet Gary Snyder, and discusses everything from faith and family to the destruction of the environment. Berry stopped by \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED\u003c/a> and I had a chance to speak with him about agricultural policy and current trends in the sustainable food movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The word “sustainability” has become very promiscuously used these days.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it’s useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yeah. So I'm curious what you think of that word or how you define it.\u003c/strong> \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"We’re stuck with the word 'sustainability' because it’s clearly something we have to strive for\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Well, we’re stuck with the word “sustainability” because it’s clearly something we have to strive for. But we had better be a little humble about it, because we Americans have not sustained anything for very long. And the stuff that we have sustained, we haven’t done it deliberately until the last few years. So this issue of sustainability requires a lot of careful thought about ways of work and kinds of materials and it’s a conversation that we’ve just begun. The thing that we’re most needing to sustain is the health of the ecosphere, which is a big job. It then divides itself naturally into the need to sustain local ecosystems. The great fact of our time is that while our conversation about sustainability is trying to get started, we’re destroying the health of the local ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71585\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/RS2700_VallejoFarmersMarket_20120414e-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/RS2700_VallejoFarmersMarket_20120414e-scr-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Buying produce at farmers' markets helps support local economies and build community. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buying produce at farmers' markets helps support local economies and build community, according to Berry. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In the past you’ve advocated for a 50-Year Farm Bill to try to address some of these problems.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m glad you mentioned \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/11/the-50-year-farm-bill/265099/\" target=\"_blank\">the 50-Year Farm Bill\u003c/a>, because it makes sense. It is a brief document that has the great virtue of making sense about agriculture itself rather than about food stamps and those peripheral matters (not that I’m against food stamps). But the idea is to reverse the ratio between annual and perennial plants. We now have 20 percent perennial and 80 percent annual, and the proposal is in 50 years to reverse that to 80 percent perennial and 20 percent annual. This involves diminishing the amount of erosion, the toxicity of these fields, and the ongoing destruction of rural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve talked a lot about local economies and local communities. Our world has become so globalized, is it possible to have truly local economies anymore?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s some authentic hope in this effort to promote local food, which is succeeding. It’s based on an informed population of customers, it’s based on knowledgeable land use, and it is antithetical to globalization and the global economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There are a lot of big corporations now trying to jump onto the sustainable food movement. For example, Coca-Cola and McDonald’s have new environmental goals for 2020. What do you make of that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71587\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/GMO-Labeling-Initiatives-Med.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71587\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/GMO-Labeling-Initiatives-Med-491x360.png\" alt=\"GMO labeling initiatives by state. States in green have passed GMO labeling laws. States in blue have introduced GMO labeling legislation in the form of bills, resolutions, or ballot measures. States in gray have yet to review GMO labeling. Visit Right to Know GMO for more information. (Liz Roth-Johnson/KQED)\" width=\"390\" height=\"286\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">GMO labeling initiatives by state. Blue states have introduced GMO labeling legislation in the form of bills, resolutions, or ballot measures. Gray states have yet to review GMO labeling. Green states have passed GMO labeling laws. Click to enlarge. Source: \u003ca href=\"http://righttoknow-gmo.org/states\" target=\"_blank\">Right to Know GMO\u003c/a> (Liz Roth-Johnson/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I was raised with a certain prejudice against corporations. And it has become less a prejudice than a case. Jefferson said we shouldn’t trust the government; I don’t think we should trust corporations. I don’t think the conservationists and environmentalists have anything to gain from getting into bed with the corporations. I think the corporations are doing that out of self-interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think genetically modified foods should be labeled?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, of course they should be labeled! Genetic modification is just the ultimate so far in the corporate effort to rule the food industry and the agricultural landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There are also researchers in universities trying to use genetic modification to, say, make crops that will help small farmers in Third World countries. Is there a way we could judiciously use genetic modification?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71589\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/INSET-Wendell-and-the-woodpile-c-Guy-Mendes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71589\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/INSET-Wendell-and-the-woodpile-c-Guy-Mendes-272x360.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Guy Mendes\" width=\"220\" height=\"291\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Guy Mendes\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I would say view it with suspicion. These people [corporations] are not going to do anything, I think, to help small people succeed. They’re going to do it in their own interest. And people who are working in universities from altruistic motives can’t stop their work from being taken over and used and abused by the corporations. I take it all with a grain of salt … more than a grain of salt!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Through all of this, you seem to remain fairly optimistic that we can change the food system. Where does that optimism come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, I’m not optimistic. I’m hopeful, because I know there are better ways of treating the world. And I know that not just from theory, but from examples, from things I’ve seen, and from things I’ve learned from reading history. It is possible to do better. Some people are doing better now\u003cem>.\u003c/em> And that’s not to be argued with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been condensed and edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I’m 50 feet from the entrance to an \u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">adult summer camp\u003c/a> in Northern California and “Honey Bear,” a short, bearded man with a long blond wig, is giving me a hug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s stop and take a moment to appreciate where we are,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Light flickers through the redwoods, blue Steller’s jays squawk and everyone smells like a sweet chemical mixture of sunscreen and bug spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71388\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. \" width=\"342\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Four other campers have just arrived and I start clicking photos with my iPhone. As a tech junkie, I’ve come to rely on my phone to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m online from the moment I wake up until the moment I go to sleep -- sending emails, writing blog posts, crafting tweets, texting, making phone calls, and posting to Instagram. Being a multimedia producer means constant multitasking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time I picked up a real book I couldn’t concentrate. I kept wondering if there were new comments on my Facebook page or likes on my latest Instagram post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder/\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>, a term journalist Richard Louv coined in 2006 to describe children who have a lack of exposure to the outdoors, should be listed in my medical chart. As I sit in a fluorescent-lit, windowless office I lose all touch with the outside world. At the end of the day, I stumble out of the building like a Vegas gambler, not knowing what time it is or where the past 13 hours went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71401\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71401\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"photo (2)\" width=\"341\" height=\"256\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One counselor sports a watch reminding him to live in the moment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I snap more photos, Honey Bear ties a “pause button” -- a plastic button with twine -- around my wrist as a reminder to slow down. His watch is covered with two strips of masking tape and the words “right meow” scrawled on top. I snap a photo and then -- my phone dies. I freak out and realize this is exactly why I’m here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">Camp Grounded\u003c/a> is a four-day adult summer camp in Navarro, California, where tech-addicted urbanites go to unplug. Founder Levi Felix started the camp last summer to help people “shake free of the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The average American spends half of their waking life on a screen and we need to give ourselves permission to unplug,” Felix said. “Being in nature and dancing and making art and sharing hugs can’t be replaced by a screen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71393\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71393 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes\" width=\"326\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers imitate zombies as they walk toward the dining hall. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As one of many events put on by \u003ca href=\"http://thedigitaldetox.org/\">Digital Detox\u003c/a>, an Oakland-based company, it has attracted more than 200 campers per session for three consecutive weekends in June. For $340 to $570, depending on the availability of scholarships and the time of registration, campers get meals, lodging, and unlimited access to daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slogan “Disconnect to reconnect” is uttered everywhere at camp and is even printed on a wooden signpost near the dining hall. And the camp rules were simple: no talking about work, your age, your real name, and absolutely no digital devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during the mandatory digital inspection that I became increasingly uncomfortable with this idea. On the concrete porch of the dining hall, I stepped into the middle of a hula hoop and two counselors, “Condor” and “Golden Bird” lifted it to my waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-71382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Contaminated, contaminated,” they said in robotic voices. Both were wearing white plastic hazmat suits and goggles. I clutched my phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They set down the hula hoop and opened two double doors that led down a long hallway filled with fog machine “smoke.” Someone at the end of the hallway was playing a ukulele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the walls were stats about Americans’ addiction to their digital devices. “One-third of people would rather clean toilets than their inbox,” and, “25% of people have taken a phone call during sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your devices?” asked a woman behind a counter halfway down the hallway. She held out a large brown paper bag. I inspected my phone the way a mother would inspect her child and then I dropped it in the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, you’re all set,” she said after taking down my name. I walked toward the end of the hall, through open doors, and into the sunlight. On a grassy field surrounded by redwood trees, campers were throwing Frisbees, playing guitars, sporting face paint, consuming free milk and cookies from the welcome table, and embracing each other. That’s the thing about this camp -- everyone wants to give you a hug. And they really mean it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 356px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71409\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the archery range, Camp Grounded taps into the nostalgia of summer sleep-away camps. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next three days I went rock climbing, forded a river, shot a bow and arrow, sang camp songs and learned to build a fire. I drank five-dollar kombucha on tap from the canteen, scrawled my fears on a sheet of paper and burned them in the camp fire, and completely stopped “shexting” -- texting while…using the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on an afternoon walk back from archery I struck up a conversation with a stranger, something I’m too harried to do back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you come up with the name ‘Whisker’?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of a personal chef,” he said. “I kill it in the omelet department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ah, so ‘whisker’ like a cooking utensil, not like a cat?” He put one finger on his nose and pointed at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you get the name ‘Tickle’?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would make people laugh,” I said. “And come on, who doesn’t like a tickle?” He smiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walked in silence for a moment. You could hear the wind in the trees and the sound of a bird’s wings flapping. Somewhere back on main campus a piano was playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can I hold your hand?” he asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71412\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71412\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"368\" height=\"245\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What? Why?” I said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s on the list of things to do in the field guide.” We’d all been issued pocket-size books with suggested activities. Not wanting to ruin the spirit of camp I relented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” I said. And he reached over and took my hand. For five minutes we walked without speaking across a dirt path back onto the main field, losing track of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I realized Camp Grounded is either the apotheosis of summer camp or the complete upending of it. With no schedules or clocks and absolutely no agenda, campers are encouraged to do “what feels right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than once I heard the adage, “Wherever you go is where you’re supposed to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, such a willy-nilly approach to structure made many campers manic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have serious ADHD,” a woman named “Conversational Vocabulary” told our cabin group on the first day. “I need to know what is going on!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My bunk mate, a sarcastic New Yorker named “Goldie,” saw the rules as malleable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71387 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reminders to slow down dot the redwoods. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What could they say if I just asked for my phone back?” Goldie asked. “I mean, they can’t deny me my own phone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that afternoon, “Coyote,” a moccasin-clad camper from San Francisco had a minor freak out when she realized she’d missed the morning polar bear dip in the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What? I didn’t even know that was happening! I’m having major \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2014/03/27/do-you-have-fomo-fear-of-missing-out/\">F.O.M.O. \u003c/a>right now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>F.O.M.O. was the language we’d learned in our former lives -- Fear of Missing Out. Fear of missing something bigger, better, more interesting. The realization that when your options are limitless, your choice may be the wrong one. But at camp, there were no wrong choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can sign up for an activity and attend a different one instead,” “Dilly,” our counselor, told us. “Or not go at all. Whatever you choose is the right decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took this as a sign to sleep in, flit from one activity to the next and not freak out when the survival class I’d signed up for turned into a semi-nude afternoon in a sweat lodge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And do we need such a radical shift to shed our former selves? New names and the virtual erasure of our ages and jobs to simply engage with others? What does it mean that Nature Deficit Disorder is a recognized condition? Do we need four-day immersions to teach us how to play again? Would life be better everywhere if the motto was simply, “Welcome -- free hugs and take a cookie”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know. But for the five minutes that I was holding hands with someone I’d just met, I didn’t need a machine to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’m 50 feet from the entrance to an \u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">adult summer camp\u003c/a> in Northern California and “Honey Bear,” a short, bearded man with a long blond wig, is giving me a hug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s stop and take a moment to appreciate where we are,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Light flickers through the redwoods, blue Steller’s jays squawk and everyone smells like a sweet chemical mixture of sunscreen and bug spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71388\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. \" width=\"342\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Four other campers have just arrived and I start clicking photos with my iPhone. As a tech junkie, I’ve come to rely on my phone to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m online from the moment I wake up until the moment I go to sleep -- sending emails, writing blog posts, crafting tweets, texting, making phone calls, and posting to Instagram. Being a multimedia producer means constant multitasking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time I picked up a real book I couldn’t concentrate. I kept wondering if there were new comments on my Facebook page or likes on my latest Instagram post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder/\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>, a term journalist Richard Louv coined in 2006 to describe children who have a lack of exposure to the outdoors, should be listed in my medical chart. As I sit in a fluorescent-lit, windowless office I lose all touch with the outside world. At the end of the day, I stumble out of the building like a Vegas gambler, not knowing what time it is or where the past 13 hours went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71401\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71401\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"photo (2)\" width=\"341\" height=\"256\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One counselor sports a watch reminding him to live in the moment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I snap more photos, Honey Bear ties a “pause button” -- a plastic button with twine -- around my wrist as a reminder to slow down. His watch is covered with two strips of masking tape and the words “right meow” scrawled on top. I snap a photo and then -- my phone dies. I freak out and realize this is exactly why I’m here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">Camp Grounded\u003c/a> is a four-day adult summer camp in Navarro, California, where tech-addicted urbanites go to unplug. Founder Levi Felix started the camp last summer to help people “shake free of the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The average American spends half of their waking life on a screen and we need to give ourselves permission to unplug,” Felix said. “Being in nature and dancing and making art and sharing hugs can’t be replaced by a screen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71393\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71393 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes\" width=\"326\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers imitate zombies as they walk toward the dining hall. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As one of many events put on by \u003ca href=\"http://thedigitaldetox.org/\">Digital Detox\u003c/a>, an Oakland-based company, it has attracted more than 200 campers per session for three consecutive weekends in June. For $340 to $570, depending on the availability of scholarships and the time of registration, campers get meals, lodging, and unlimited access to daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slogan “Disconnect to reconnect” is uttered everywhere at camp and is even printed on a wooden signpost near the dining hall. And the camp rules were simple: no talking about work, your age, your real name, and absolutely no digital devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during the mandatory digital inspection that I became increasingly uncomfortable with this idea. On the concrete porch of the dining hall, I stepped into the middle of a hula hoop and two counselors, “Condor” and “Golden Bird” lifted it to my waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-71382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Contaminated, contaminated,” they said in robotic voices. Both were wearing white plastic hazmat suits and goggles. I clutched my phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They set down the hula hoop and opened two double doors that led down a long hallway filled with fog machine “smoke.” Someone at the end of the hallway was playing a ukulele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the walls were stats about Americans’ addiction to their digital devices. “One-third of people would rather clean toilets than their inbox,” and, “25% of people have taken a phone call during sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your devices?” asked a woman behind a counter halfway down the hallway. She held out a large brown paper bag. I inspected my phone the way a mother would inspect her child and then I dropped it in the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, you’re all set,” she said after taking down my name. I walked toward the end of the hall, through open doors, and into the sunlight. On a grassy field surrounded by redwood trees, campers were throwing Frisbees, playing guitars, sporting face paint, consuming free milk and cookies from the welcome table, and embracing each other. That’s the thing about this camp -- everyone wants to give you a hug. And they really mean it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 356px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71409\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the archery range, Camp Grounded taps into the nostalgia of summer sleep-away camps. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next three days I went rock climbing, forded a river, shot a bow and arrow, sang camp songs and learned to build a fire. I drank five-dollar kombucha on tap from the canteen, scrawled my fears on a sheet of paper and burned them in the camp fire, and completely stopped “shexting” -- texting while…using the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on an afternoon walk back from archery I struck up a conversation with a stranger, something I’m too harried to do back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you come up with the name ‘Whisker’?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of a personal chef,” he said. “I kill it in the omelet department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ah, so ‘whisker’ like a cooking utensil, not like a cat?” He put one finger on his nose and pointed at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you get the name ‘Tickle’?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would make people laugh,” I said. “And come on, who doesn’t like a tickle?” He smiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walked in silence for a moment. You could hear the wind in the trees and the sound of a bird’s wings flapping. Somewhere back on main campus a piano was playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can I hold your hand?” he asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71412\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71412\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"368\" height=\"245\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What? Why?” I said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s on the list of things to do in the field guide.” We’d all been issued pocket-size books with suggested activities. Not wanting to ruin the spirit of camp I relented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” I said. And he reached over and took my hand. For five minutes we walked without speaking across a dirt path back onto the main field, losing track of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I realized Camp Grounded is either the apotheosis of summer camp or the complete upending of it. With no schedules or clocks and absolutely no agenda, campers are encouraged to do “what feels right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than once I heard the adage, “Wherever you go is where you’re supposed to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, such a willy-nilly approach to structure made many campers manic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have serious ADHD,” a woman named “Conversational Vocabulary” told our cabin group on the first day. “I need to know what is going on!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My bunk mate, a sarcastic New Yorker named “Goldie,” saw the rules as malleable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71387 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reminders to slow down dot the redwoods. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What could they say if I just asked for my phone back?” Goldie asked. “I mean, they can’t deny me my own phone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that afternoon, “Coyote,” a moccasin-clad camper from San Francisco had a minor freak out when she realized she’d missed the morning polar bear dip in the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What? I didn’t even know that was happening! I’m having major \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2014/03/27/do-you-have-fomo-fear-of-missing-out/\">F.O.M.O. \u003c/a>right now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>F.O.M.O. was the language we’d learned in our former lives -- Fear of Missing Out. Fear of missing something bigger, better, more interesting. The realization that when your options are limitless, your choice may be the wrong one. But at camp, there were no wrong choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can sign up for an activity and attend a different one instead,” “Dilly,” our counselor, told us. “Or not go at all. Whatever you choose is the right decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took this as a sign to sleep in, flit from one activity to the next and not freak out when the survival class I’d signed up for turned into a semi-nude afternoon in a sweat lodge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And do we need such a radical shift to shed our former selves? New names and the virtual erasure of our ages and jobs to simply engage with others? What does it mean that Nature Deficit Disorder is a recognized condition? Do we need four-day immersions to teach us how to play again? Would life be better everywhere if the motto was simply, “Welcome -- free hugs and take a cookie”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know. But for the five minutes that I was holding hands with someone I’d just met, I didn’t need a machine to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Kirk Lombard is lying on the beach, reaching his arm into a white plastic tube jammed two feet into the sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s it,” he exclaims as he pulls out a horseneck clam. He shows the croissant-sized mollusk to a group of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> alumni who are on a tour to understand where their seafood comes from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lombard, who runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaforager.com\">Seaforager\u003c/a>, a seafood subscription service in San Francisco, is one of a growing number of fishermen who have started directly connecting people with the food they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Fishermen have to generate more value from the same fish they were catching before because we can’t catch more fish.\" -- Duke University economics professor Martin Smith\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lombard’s “community-supported fishery” provides 275 people in the Bay Area with weekly or biweekly shipments of fresh, locally caught seafood from the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They really are getting a very special product,” Lombard said. “I am actually providing them with something that is very hard to get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because more than 91 percent of seafood in the U.S. is imported, finding local seafood at most nearby grocery stores can be nearly impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For $24 a week, members of Lombard’s community-supported fishery get a package of local fish, such as salmon, halibut, and trout that are available as fillets. Or they can opt for Neptune’s Delight, a surprise combination of small whole fish and shellfish like spot prawns, clams, and mussels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 235px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Community-Supported-Fisheries-photo-6.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Community-Supported-Fisheries-photo-6-272x360.jpg\" alt=\"Community Supported Fisheries photo 6\" width=\"235\" height=\"311\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skipper Otto's, a community supported fishery in British Columbia, has become so popular it now boasts a 400-person wait list. Photo: Clare Wheeler.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most fish comes from within a 200-mile radius of San Francisco, depending on what’s in season. Participants can choose from ten pickup locations or pay $8 to have the fish delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the freshest seafood product in the city,” Lombard said. “It’s straight from the boat or dockside, or I catch it myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2007, community-supported fisheries have grown in popularity across North America\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>There are now almost 200 throughout the United States and Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh Stoll helped start \u003ca href=\"http://www.walking-fish.org/\">Walking Fish\u003c/a> in North Carolina and the cooperative became so popular he created \u003ca href=\"http://www.localcatch.org/\">LocalCatch.org\u003c/a> so consumers across the country could find similar community-supported fisheries in their area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People from all over the country asked, ‘How can we do this?’” said Stoll. “And it wasn’t because they wanted North Carolina seafood. It’s because they wanted something that was good for local fishermen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modeled after community-supported agriculture, these community-supported fisheries enable subscribers to purchase a “share” in a CSF, which goes directly to the fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This helps fishermen pay for labor and equipment costs upfront and guarantees a steady supply of fresh, local seafood for members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today fishermen have to generate more value from the same fish they were catching before because we can’t catch more fish. The stocks are maxed out,” said \u003ca href=\"http://duke.edu/\">Duke University\u003c/a> economics professor Martin Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71291\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Kirk-Lombard-digging.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71291\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Kirk-Lombard-digging-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Kirk Lombard digging\" width=\"351\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kirk Lombard digs for a large horseneck clam during one of his seafood foraging tours in Half Moon Bay. Photo: Matt Duckworth.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are a couple strategies to make up for decreased revenue. One option is to provide a higher quality product that you can charge more for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while CSFs help fishermen and provide fresh local seafood to eager consumers, they don’t necessarily tread lightly on the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a misconception that local equals sustainable,” said Robin Pelc, fisheries research manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. “Some seafood may still be overfished or be caught using a drag net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, several CSFs in the Bay Area, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.localcatchmontereybay.com/\">Local Catch Monterey Bay\u003c/a> use bottom trawling to harvest ground fish. The method of dragging a net across the bottom of the ocean means everything in its path is collected and can often lead to bycatch, or unwanted species that are killed and tossed back into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best way to find out if your seafood is sustainable is ask CSFs a simple question, ‘Is this sustainable?’ and get in a conversation and see what their definition is,” Pelc said. “Ask the people running the CSF and they can tell you the story behind the seafood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelc provides recommendations for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/cr/seafoodwatch.aspx\">Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch guide\u003c/a>, which lists unsustainably caught seafood and recommends better alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But just like we’ll never get all of our grains from CSAs, the same will be true of seafood,” said Smith. “There will be large industrial fisheries that will still provide the bulk of seafood protein.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The value of CSFs right now is experimental, and whether it’s an important part of the sustainable seafood model remains to be seen. It’s still an open question.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kirk Lombard is lying on the beach, reaching his arm into a white plastic tube jammed two feet into the sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s it,” he exclaims as he pulls out a horseneck clam. He shows the croissant-sized mollusk to a group of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> alumni who are on a tour to understand where their seafood comes from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lombard, who runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaforager.com\">Seaforager\u003c/a>, a seafood subscription service in San Francisco, is one of a growing number of fishermen who have started directly connecting people with the food they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Fishermen have to generate more value from the same fish they were catching before because we can’t catch more fish.\" -- Duke University economics professor Martin Smith\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lombard’s “community-supported fishery” provides 275 people in the Bay Area with weekly or biweekly shipments of fresh, locally caught seafood from the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They really are getting a very special product,” Lombard said. “I am actually providing them with something that is very hard to get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because more than 91 percent of seafood in the U.S. is imported, finding local seafood at most nearby grocery stores can be nearly impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For $24 a week, members of Lombard’s community-supported fishery get a package of local fish, such as salmon, halibut, and trout that are available as fillets. Or they can opt for Neptune’s Delight, a surprise combination of small whole fish and shellfish like spot prawns, clams, and mussels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 235px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Community-Supported-Fisheries-photo-6.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Community-Supported-Fisheries-photo-6-272x360.jpg\" alt=\"Community Supported Fisheries photo 6\" width=\"235\" height=\"311\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skipper Otto's, a community supported fishery in British Columbia, has become so popular it now boasts a 400-person wait list. Photo: Clare Wheeler.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most fish comes from within a 200-mile radius of San Francisco, depending on what’s in season. Participants can choose from ten pickup locations or pay $8 to have the fish delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the freshest seafood product in the city,” Lombard said. “It’s straight from the boat or dockside, or I catch it myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2007, community-supported fisheries have grown in popularity across North America\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>There are now almost 200 throughout the United States and Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh Stoll helped start \u003ca href=\"http://www.walking-fish.org/\">Walking Fish\u003c/a> in North Carolina and the cooperative became so popular he created \u003ca href=\"http://www.localcatch.org/\">LocalCatch.org\u003c/a> so consumers across the country could find similar community-supported fisheries in their area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People from all over the country asked, ‘How can we do this?’” said Stoll. “And it wasn’t because they wanted North Carolina seafood. It’s because they wanted something that was good for local fishermen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modeled after community-supported agriculture, these community-supported fisheries enable subscribers to purchase a “share” in a CSF, which goes directly to the fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This helps fishermen pay for labor and equipment costs upfront and guarantees a steady supply of fresh, local seafood for members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today fishermen have to generate more value from the same fish they were catching before because we can’t catch more fish. The stocks are maxed out,” said \u003ca href=\"http://duke.edu/\">Duke University\u003c/a> economics professor Martin Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71291\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Kirk-Lombard-digging.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71291\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Kirk-Lombard-digging-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Kirk Lombard digging\" width=\"351\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kirk Lombard digs for a large horseneck clam during one of his seafood foraging tours in Half Moon Bay. Photo: Matt Duckworth.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There are a couple strategies to make up for decreased revenue. One option is to provide a higher quality product that you can charge more for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while CSFs help fishermen and provide fresh local seafood to eager consumers, they don’t necessarily tread lightly on the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a misconception that local equals sustainable,” said Robin Pelc, fisheries research manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. “Some seafood may still be overfished or be caught using a drag net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, several CSFs in the Bay Area, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.localcatchmontereybay.com/\">Local Catch Monterey Bay\u003c/a> use bottom trawling to harvest ground fish. The method of dragging a net across the bottom of the ocean means everything in its path is collected and can often lead to bycatch, or unwanted species that are killed and tossed back into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best way to find out if your seafood is sustainable is ask CSFs a simple question, ‘Is this sustainable?’ and get in a conversation and see what their definition is,” Pelc said. “Ask the people running the CSF and they can tell you the story behind the seafood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelc provides recommendations for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/cr/seafoodwatch.aspx\">Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch guide\u003c/a>, which lists unsustainably caught seafood and recommends better alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But just like we’ll never get all of our grains from CSAs, the same will be true of seafood,” said Smith. “There will be large industrial fisheries that will still provide the bulk of seafood protein.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The value of CSFs right now is experimental, and whether it’s an important part of the sustainable seafood model remains to be seen. It’s still an open question.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tobacco is about to get a facelift. As a key ingredient in cigarettes, the plant contributes to gum disease, emphysema and cancer. This has led to a decline in cigarette sales and tobacco production in the United States over the past 25 years. But one research team thinks tobacco could provide a societal benefit by becoming a new source for biofuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the things that make tobacco bad are really good for fuels,” said \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/bill-shelander\">Bill Shelander\u003c/a>, business development specialist at\u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\"> Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you smoke cigarettes you are smoking tar and nicotine, and the tar is bad for health,” he said. “Tobacco is unusually high in tar content and it’s the type of chemical that can be converted into fuels -- they are precursors to oil. If these plants were buried for millions of years they would be a very nice oil reserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has partnered with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/index.html\">University of California-Berkeley\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uky.edu/\">University of Kentucky\u003c/a> to engineer tobacco so that its leaves produce oil that can more easily be converted into a fuel source for everything from cars to yachts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, called \u003ca href=\"http://ucbiotech.org/folium/\">Folium\u003c/a>, is backed by a $4.8 million grant from the \u003ca href=\"http://arpa-e.energy.gov/\">Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy\u003c/a> or ARPA-E, a \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/a> agency that funds the research and development of emerging energy technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70734\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry\" width=\"341\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers introduce genes from cyanobacteria and algae to increase the amount of oil that is produced in tobacco leaves. Photo: Arwen Curry, KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea for biofuel -- using plants as a fuel source -- is nothing new, but it has gained popularity in recent years with rising gasoline prices and concern that burning fossil fuels is a main driver of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common source for biofuel in the U.S. is corn, which is fermented and turned into an alcohol, called ethanol, that is added to gasoline and used to power automobiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create biofuel from tobacco, researchers have added genes from algae and cyanobacteria that can process sunlight more efficiently than corn does and convert the sunlight into hydrocarbons via photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrocarbons in the engineered tobacco are a form of bio-crude oil, an antecedent to fuel. This bio-crude can be stored in the leaves and directly removed and processed to create biofuel, which requires fewer steps than making ethanol, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because less processing is required, at a commercial scale biofuel from tobacco could be price competitive with gasoline at three to six dollars a gallon, said Peggy Lemaux, a University of California-Berkeley biologist working on the Folium team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant has several other distinct advantages, said Lemaux. Tobacco doesn’t compete with the national food supply. It occupies 350,000 acres of land, compared to 95.3 million for corn, and is cultivated in designated areas where it has been produced for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also can be harvested several times a year and it produces more biomass than traditional biofuel crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We need alternative sources of fuel, but we also need researchers to come up with remedies to end the [tobacco] industry’s behavior that harms soils and communities -Marty Ortañez \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Kentucky have been planting and machine harvesting tobacco on a two-acre plot to measure the potential yield. The tobacco biofuel has not been used in vehicles yet and would need more financial backing for testing after the three-year Department of Energy grant runs out this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say there are lots of problems with the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesticide pollution and inhumane working conditions are prevalent in the countries where tobacco is grown, said anthropology professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/CLAS/Departments/anthropology/AboutUs/Contact/DepartmentDirectory/Pages/MartyOta%C3%B1ez.aspx\">Marty Ortañez\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/pages/ucdwelcomepage.aspx\">University of Colorado Denver\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tobacco is an industry that relies on child labor,” said Ortañez. “We need alternative sources of fuel, but we also need researchers to come up with remedies to end the industry’s behavior that harms soils and communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Human Rights Watch, a nonprofit advocacy group, released \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrw.org/reports/2014/05/13/tobacco-s-hidden-children\">a report\u003c/a> about the dangerous working conditions for children as young as seven who work in U.S. tobacco fields. Many young workers were exposed to pesticides and nicotine that sometimes resulted in acute nicotine poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orlando Chambers, managing director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ca.uky.edu/KTRDC/\">Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center\u003c/a> (KTRDC), said that tobacco used for biofuel would be machine harvested, making child labor a non-issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Conventional tobacco uses lots of labor, but genetically modified tobacco would be planted closer together and be machine harvested,” Chambers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortañez contends that tobacco research, whether for biofuel or cancer vaccines, ultimately helps tobacco companies’ portray the industry in a positive light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 343px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Tobacco-harvesting_300x225.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Tobacco-harvesting_300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: La Casa del Habano and Habanos S.A.\" width=\"343\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tobacco for cigarettes is picked by hand but tobacco grown for biofuel would be more efficiently harvested by machines. Photo: La Casa del Habano and Habanos S.A.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Tobacco for biofuel is just another strategy for the tobacco industry to derail the discussion about unfair contracts and low leaf prices [for farmers],” said Ortañez. “It’s the last-ditch effort of tobacco companies to represent themselves as having any sort of benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When contacted, cigarette manufacturer Philip Morris declined to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Folium biologist Peggy Lemaux, the research is neither supported nor influenced by the tobacco industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project had nothing to do with big tobacco,” said Lemaux. “It was thought of by a bunch of researchers because it’s not an edible crop, it has a high biomass and it’s easy to genetically manipulate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemaux and other scientists participating in Folium have not received money from the tobacco companies, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the problems associated with tobacco farming, Ortañez does believe Folium has merit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am excited that the biofuel project will get people talking about labor rights and unfair wages,” said Ortañez. “There’s a lot of room for tobacco to improve.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tobacco is about to get a facelift. As a key ingredient in cigarettes, the plant contributes to gum disease, emphysema and cancer. This has led to a decline in cigarette sales and tobacco production in the United States over the past 25 years. But one research team thinks tobacco could provide a societal benefit by becoming a new source for biofuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the things that make tobacco bad are really good for fuels,” said \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/bill-shelander\">Bill Shelander\u003c/a>, business development specialist at\u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\"> Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you smoke cigarettes you are smoking tar and nicotine, and the tar is bad for health,” he said. “Tobacco is unusually high in tar content and it’s the type of chemical that can be converted into fuels -- they are precursors to oil. If these plants were buried for millions of years they would be a very nice oil reserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has partnered with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/index.html\">University of California-Berkeley\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uky.edu/\">University of Kentucky\u003c/a> to engineer tobacco so that its leaves produce oil that can more easily be converted into a fuel source for everything from cars to yachts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, called \u003ca href=\"http://ucbiotech.org/folium/\">Folium\u003c/a>, is backed by a $4.8 million grant from the \u003ca href=\"http://arpa-e.energy.gov/\">Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy\u003c/a> or ARPA-E, a \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/a> agency that funds the research and development of emerging energy technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70734\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry\" width=\"341\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers introduce genes from cyanobacteria and algae to increase the amount of oil that is produced in tobacco leaves. Photo: Arwen Curry, KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea for biofuel -- using plants as a fuel source -- is nothing new, but it has gained popularity in recent years with rising gasoline prices and concern that burning fossil fuels is a main driver of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common source for biofuel in the U.S. is corn, which is fermented and turned into an alcohol, called ethanol, that is added to gasoline and used to power automobiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create biofuel from tobacco, researchers have added genes from algae and cyanobacteria that can process sunlight more efficiently than corn does and convert the sunlight into hydrocarbons via photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrocarbons in the engineered tobacco are a form of bio-crude oil, an antecedent to fuel. This bio-crude can be stored in the leaves and directly removed and processed to create biofuel, which requires fewer steps than making ethanol, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because less processing is required, at a commercial scale biofuel from tobacco could be price competitive with gasoline at three to six dollars a gallon, said Peggy Lemaux, a University of California-Berkeley biologist working on the Folium team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant has several other distinct advantages, said Lemaux. Tobacco doesn’t compete with the national food supply. It occupies 350,000 acres of land, compared to 95.3 million for corn, and is cultivated in designated areas where it has been produced for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also can be harvested several times a year and it produces more biomass than traditional biofuel crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We need alternative sources of fuel, but we also need researchers to come up with remedies to end the [tobacco] industry’s behavior that harms soils and communities -Marty Ortañez \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Kentucky have been planting and machine harvesting tobacco on a two-acre plot to measure the potential yield. The tobacco biofuel has not been used in vehicles yet and would need more financial backing for testing after the three-year Department of Energy grant runs out this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say there are lots of problems with the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesticide pollution and inhumane working conditions are prevalent in the countries where tobacco is grown, said anthropology professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/CLAS/Departments/anthropology/AboutUs/Contact/DepartmentDirectory/Pages/MartyOta%C3%B1ez.aspx\">Marty Ortañez\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/pages/ucdwelcomepage.aspx\">University of Colorado Denver\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tobacco is an industry that relies on child labor,” said Ortañez. “We need alternative sources of fuel, but we also need researchers to come up with remedies to end the industry’s behavior that harms soils and communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Human Rights Watch, a nonprofit advocacy group, released \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrw.org/reports/2014/05/13/tobacco-s-hidden-children\">a report\u003c/a> about the dangerous working conditions for children as young as seven who work in U.S. tobacco fields. Many young workers were exposed to pesticides and nicotine that sometimes resulted in acute nicotine poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orlando Chambers, managing director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ca.uky.edu/KTRDC/\">Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center\u003c/a> (KTRDC), said that tobacco used for biofuel would be machine harvested, making child labor a non-issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Conventional tobacco uses lots of labor, but genetically modified tobacco would be planted closer together and be machine harvested,” Chambers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortañez contends that tobacco research, whether for biofuel or cancer vaccines, ultimately helps tobacco companies’ portray the industry in a positive light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 343px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Tobacco-harvesting_300x225.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Tobacco-harvesting_300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: La Casa del Habano and Habanos S.A.\" width=\"343\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tobacco for cigarettes is picked by hand but tobacco grown for biofuel would be more efficiently harvested by machines. Photo: La Casa del Habano and Habanos S.A.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Tobacco for biofuel is just another strategy for the tobacco industry to derail the discussion about unfair contracts and low leaf prices [for farmers],” said Ortañez. “It’s the last-ditch effort of tobacco companies to represent themselves as having any sort of benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When contacted, cigarette manufacturer Philip Morris declined to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Folium biologist Peggy Lemaux, the research is neither supported nor influenced by the tobacco industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project had nothing to do with big tobacco,” said Lemaux. “It was thought of by a bunch of researchers because it’s not an edible crop, it has a high biomass and it’s easy to genetically manipulate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemaux and other scientists participating in Folium have not received money from the tobacco companies, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the problems associated with tobacco farming, Ortañez does believe Folium has merit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am excited that the biofuel project will get people talking about labor rights and unfair wages,” said Ortañez. “There’s a lot of room for tobacco to improve.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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