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"content": "\u003cp>I’m 50 feet from the entrance to an \u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">adult summer camp\u003c/a> in Northern California and “Honey Bear,” a short, bearded man with a long blond wig, is giving me a hug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s stop and take a moment to appreciate where we are,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Light flickers through the redwoods, blue Steller’s jays squawk and everyone smells like a sweet chemical mixture of sunscreen and bug spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71388\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4092_ScreenRes1-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson. \" width=\"342\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers arrive on a big yellow school bus. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Four other campers have just arrived and I start clicking photos with my iPhone. As a tech junkie, I’ve come to rely on my phone to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m online from the moment I wake up until the moment I go to sleep -- sending emails, writing blog posts, crafting tweets, texting, making phone calls, and posting to Instagram. Being a multimedia producer means constant multitasking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time I picked up a real book I couldn’t concentrate. I kept wondering if there were new comments on my Facebook page or likes on my latest Instagram post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder/\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>, a term journalist Richard Louv coined in 2006 to describe children who have a lack of exposure to the outdoors, should be listed in my medical chart. As I sit in a fluorescent-lit, windowless office I lose all touch with the outside world. At the end of the day, I stumble out of the building like a Vegas gambler, not knowing what time it is or where the past 13 hours went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71401\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71401\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"photo (2)\" width=\"341\" height=\"256\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One counselor sports a watch reminding him to live in the moment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I snap more photos, Honey Bear ties a “pause button” -- a plastic button with twine -- around my wrist as a reminder to slow down. His watch is covered with two strips of masking tape and the words “right meow” scrawled on top. I snap a photo and then -- my phone dies. I freak out and realize this is exactly why I’m here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">Camp Grounded\u003c/a> is a four-day adult summer camp in Navarro, California, where tech-addicted urbanites go to unplug. Founder Levi Felix started the camp last summer to help people “shake free of the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The average American spends half of their waking life on a screen and we need to give ourselves permission to unplug,” Felix said. “Being in nature and dancing and making art and sharing hugs can’t be replaced by a screen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71393\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71393 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes\" width=\"326\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers imitate zombies as they walk toward the dining hall. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As one of many events put on by \u003ca href=\"http://thedigitaldetox.org/\">Digital Detox\u003c/a>, an Oakland-based company, it has attracted more than 200 campers per session for three consecutive weekends in June. For $340 to $570, depending on the availability of scholarships and the time of registration, campers get meals, lodging, and unlimited access to daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slogan “Disconnect to reconnect” is uttered everywhere at camp and is even printed on a wooden signpost near the dining hall. And the camp rules were simple: no talking about work, your age, your real name, and absolutely no digital devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during the mandatory digital inspection that I became increasingly uncomfortable with this idea. On the concrete porch of the dining hall, I stepped into the middle of a hula hoop and two counselors, “Condor” and “Golden Bird” lifted it to my waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-71382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Contaminated, contaminated,” they said in robotic voices. Both were wearing white plastic hazmat suits and goggles. I clutched my phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They set down the hula hoop and opened two double doors that led down a long hallway filled with fog machine “smoke.” Someone at the end of the hallway was playing a ukulele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the walls were stats about Americans’ addiction to their digital devices. “One-third of people would rather clean toilets than their inbox,” and, “25% of people have taken a phone call during sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your devices?” asked a woman behind a counter halfway down the hallway. She held out a large brown paper bag. I inspected my phone the way a mother would inspect her child and then I dropped it in the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, you’re all set,” she said after taking down my name. I walked toward the end of the hall, through open doors, and into the sunlight. On a grassy field surrounded by redwood trees, campers were throwing Frisbees, playing guitars, sporting face paint, consuming free milk and cookies from the welcome table, and embracing each other. That’s the thing about this camp -- everyone wants to give you a hug. And they really mean it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 356px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71409\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the archery range, Camp Grounded taps into the nostalgia of summer sleep-away camps. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next three days I went rock climbing, forded a river, shot a bow and arrow, sang camp songs and learned to build a fire. I drank five-dollar kombucha on tap from the canteen, scrawled my fears on a sheet of paper and burned them in the camp fire, and completely stopped “shexting” -- texting while…using the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on an afternoon walk back from archery I struck up a conversation with a stranger, something I’m too harried to do back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you come up with the name ‘Whisker’?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of a personal chef,” he said. “I kill it in the omelet department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ah, so ‘whisker’ like a cooking utensil, not like a cat?” He put one finger on his nose and pointed at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you get the name ‘Tickle’?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would make people laugh,” I said. “And come on, who doesn’t like a tickle?” He smiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walked in silence for a moment. You could hear the wind in the trees and the sound of a bird’s wings flapping. Somewhere back on main campus a piano was playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can I hold your hand?” he asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71412\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71412\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"368\" height=\"245\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What? Why?” I said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s on the list of things to do in the field guide.” We’d all been issued pocket-size books with suggested activities. Not wanting to ruin the spirit of camp I relented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” I said. And he reached over and took my hand. For five minutes we walked without speaking across a dirt path back onto the main field, losing track of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I realized Camp Grounded is either the apotheosis of summer camp or the complete upending of it. With no schedules or clocks and absolutely no agenda, campers are encouraged to do “what feels right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than once I heard the adage, “Wherever you go is where you’re supposed to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, such a willy-nilly approach to structure made many campers manic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have serious ADHD,” a woman named “Conversational Vocabulary” told our cabin group on the first day. “I need to know what is going on!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My bunk mate, a sarcastic New Yorker named “Goldie,” saw the rules as malleable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71387 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reminders to slow down dot the redwoods. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What could they say if I just asked for my phone back?” Goldie asked. “I mean, they can’t deny me my own phone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that afternoon, “Coyote,” a moccasin-clad camper from San Francisco had a minor freak out when she realized she’d missed the morning polar bear dip in the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What? I didn’t even know that was happening! I’m having major \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2014/03/27/do-you-have-fomo-fear-of-missing-out/\">F.O.M.O. \u003c/a>right now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>F.O.M.O. was the language we’d learned in our former lives -- Fear of Missing Out. Fear of missing something bigger, better, more interesting. The realization that when your options are limitless, your choice may be the wrong one. But at camp, there were no wrong choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can sign up for an activity and attend a different one instead,” “Dilly,” our counselor, told us. “Or not go at all. Whatever you choose is the right decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took this as a sign to sleep in, flit from one activity to the next and not freak out when the survival class I’d signed up for turned into a semi-nude afternoon in a sweat lodge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And do we need such a radical shift to shed our former selves? New names and the virtual erasure of our ages and jobs to simply engage with others? What does it mean that Nature Deficit Disorder is a recognized condition? Do we need four-day immersions to teach us how to play again? Would life be better everywhere if the motto was simply, “Welcome -- free hugs and take a cookie”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know. But for the five minutes that I was holding hands with someone I’d just met, I didn’t need a machine to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time I picked up a real book I couldn’t concentrate. I kept wondering if there were new comments on my Facebook page or likes on my latest Instagram post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder/\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>, a term journalist Richard Louv coined in 2006 to describe children who have a lack of exposure to the outdoors, should be listed in my medical chart. As I sit in a fluorescent-lit, windowless office I lose all touch with the outside world. At the end of the day, I stumble out of the building like a Vegas gambler, not knowing what time it is or where the past 13 hours went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71401\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71401\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/photo-2-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"photo (2)\" width=\"341\" height=\"256\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One counselor sports a watch reminding him to live in the moment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I snap more photos, Honey Bear ties a “pause button” -- a plastic button with twine -- around my wrist as a reminder to slow down. His watch is covered with two strips of masking tape and the words “right meow” scrawled on top. I snap a photo and then -- my phone dies. I freak out and realize this is exactly why I’m here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://campgrounded.org/\">Camp Grounded\u003c/a> is a four-day adult summer camp in Navarro, California, where tech-addicted urbanites go to unplug. Founder Levi Felix started the camp last summer to help people “shake free of the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The average American spends half of their waking life on a screen and we need to give ourselves permission to unplug,” Felix said. “Being in nature and dancing and making art and sharing hugs can’t be replaced by a screen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71393\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71393 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4831_ScreenRes\" width=\"326\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers imitate zombies as they walk toward the dining hall. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As one of many events put on by \u003ca href=\"http://thedigitaldetox.org/\">Digital Detox\u003c/a>, an Oakland-based company, it has attracted more than 200 campers per session for three consecutive weekends in June. For $340 to $570, depending on the availability of scholarships and the time of registration, campers get meals, lodging, and unlimited access to daily activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slogan “Disconnect to reconnect” is uttered everywhere at camp and is even printed on a wooden signpost near the dining hall. And the camp rules were simple: no talking about work, your age, your real name, and absolutely no digital devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was during the mandatory digital inspection that I became increasingly uncomfortable with this idea. On the concrete porch of the dining hall, I stepped into the middle of a hula hoop and two counselors, “Condor” and “Golden Bird” lifted it to my waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-71382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun06_IMG_9075_ScreenRes-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A counselor in a hazmat suit ready to search campers for digital devices. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Contaminated, contaminated,” they said in robotic voices. Both were wearing white plastic hazmat suits and goggles. I clutched my phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They set down the hula hoop and opened two double doors that led down a long hallway filled with fog machine “smoke.” Someone at the end of the hallway was playing a ukulele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the walls were stats about Americans’ addiction to their digital devices. “One-third of people would rather clean toilets than their inbox,” and, “25% of people have taken a phone call during sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your devices?” asked a woman behind a counter halfway down the hallway. She held out a large brown paper bag. I inspected my phone the way a mother would inspect her child and then I dropped it in the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, you’re all set,” she said after taking down my name. I walked toward the end of the hall, through open doors, and into the sunlight. On a grassy field surrounded by redwood trees, campers were throwing Frisbees, playing guitars, sporting face paint, consuming free milk and cookies from the welcome table, and embracing each other. That’s the thing about this camp -- everyone wants to give you a hug. And they really mean it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 356px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71409\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun14_IMG_5955_ScreenRes\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the archery range, Camp Grounded taps into the nostalgia of summer sleep-away camps. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next three days I went rock climbing, forded a river, shot a bow and arrow, sang camp songs and learned to build a fire. I drank five-dollar kombucha on tap from the canteen, scrawled my fears on a sheet of paper and burned them in the camp fire, and completely stopped “shexting” -- texting while…using the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on an afternoon walk back from archery I struck up a conversation with a stranger, something I’m too harried to do back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you come up with the name ‘Whisker’?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of a personal chef,” he said. “I kill it in the omelet department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ah, so ‘whisker’ like a cooking utensil, not like a cat?” He put one finger on his nose and pointed at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did you get the name ‘Tickle’?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would make people laugh,” I said. “And come on, who doesn’t like a tickle?” He smiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walked in silence for a moment. You could hear the wind in the trees and the sound of a bird’s wings flapping. Somewhere back on main campus a piano was playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can I hold your hand?” he asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71412\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71412\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun15_IMG_7001_ScreenRes-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\" width=\"368\" height=\"245\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Campers spit colors during the much-anticipated all-camp color war competition. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What? Why?” I said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s on the list of things to do in the field guide.” We’d all been issued pocket-size books with suggested activities. Not wanting to ruin the spirit of camp I relented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” I said. And he reached over and took my hand. For five minutes we walked without speaking across a dirt path back onto the main field, losing track of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I realized Camp Grounded is either the apotheosis of summer camp or the complete upending of it. With no schedules or clocks and absolutely no agenda, campers are encouraged to do “what feels right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than once I heard the adage, “Wherever you go is where you’re supposed to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, such a willy-nilly approach to structure made many campers manic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have serious ADHD,” a woman named “Conversational Vocabulary” told our cabin group on the first day. “I need to know what is going on!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My bunk mate, a sarcastic New Yorker named “Goldie,” saw the rules as malleable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71387 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/06/2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes1-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"2014Jun13_IMG_4081_ScreenRes\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reminders to slow down dot the redwoods. Photo: Daniel N. Johnson.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What could they say if I just asked for my phone back?” Goldie asked. “I mean, they can’t deny me my own phone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that afternoon, “Coyote,” a moccasin-clad camper from San Francisco had a minor freak out when she realized she’d missed the morning polar bear dip in the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What? I didn’t even know that was happening! I’m having major \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2014/03/27/do-you-have-fomo-fear-of-missing-out/\">F.O.M.O. \u003c/a>right now,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>F.O.M.O. was the language we’d learned in our former lives -- Fear of Missing Out. Fear of missing something bigger, better, more interesting. The realization that when your options are limitless, your choice may be the wrong one. But at camp, there were no wrong choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can sign up for an activity and attend a different one instead,” “Dilly,” our counselor, told us. “Or not go at all. Whatever you choose is the right decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took this as a sign to sleep in, flit from one activity to the next and not freak out when the survival class I’d signed up for turned into a semi-nude afternoon in a sweat lodge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And do we need such a radical shift to shed our former selves? New names and the virtual erasure of our ages and jobs to simply engage with others? What does it mean that Nature Deficit Disorder is a recognized condition? Do we need four-day immersions to teach us how to play again? Would life be better everywhere if the motto was simply, “Welcome -- free hugs and take a cookie”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know. But for the five minutes that I was holding hands with someone I’d just met, I didn’t need a machine to feel connected.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Omaha’s Farm on Wheels",
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"content": "\u003cp>When you drive across any of the millions of square miles of agricultural land in America, what you see is fairly predictable. Rolling fields of crops and big blue skies become the backdrop for sleepy little homesteads with long gravel driveways and picturesque barns, silos, corrals, and front-lawn tire swings. Whether you're on an apple orchard in the Northwest, a sugarcane operation in the South, a wheat field on the Great Plains, or a corn farm in the Midwest, you will find innumerable consistencies in all walks of rural American life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what is perhaps the most common feature in any of these places? The pickup truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry Ford's Model T first rolled off the Detroit assembly lines in 1925, and at that moment the pickup practically became an inevitable staple in all American agricultural pursuits. But in Omaha, Nebraska and other cities across the U.S., the illustrious pickup is being put to use like never before. Instead of hauling produce and supplies from the farm to town, some trucks are being used to haul the actual farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"http://truckfarmomaha.com/\">Truck Farm Omaha \u003c/a>lives in a 1975 mustard-yellow Chevy pickup truck,” said Andrew Monbouquette, co-founder of Omaha’s “truck farm” project. “It really is a full-functioning farm in the back of a pickup truck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/vlcsnap-2014-06-13-13h33m11s61.png\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-71087 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/vlcsnap-2014-06-13-13h33m11s61-450x253.png\" alt=\"vlcsnap-2014-06-13-13h33m11s61\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why plant a garden in the bed of a classic truck? One of the reasons, said Monbouquette, is to give people in urban areas a firsthand chance to learn about growing food. During growing season, this garden on wheels can frequently be seen traveling down Omaha roads, parked at community events, or surrounded by children in school parking lots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these kids…haven’t had the opportunity to get dirty,” Monbouquette said. “You feel good that you’re helping to empower them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Susman, Omaha Truck Farm’s director, said he and Monbouquette decided to start their truck farm after traveling around the country to shoot a documentary film on urban agriculture and seeing similar efforts in bigger cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We said to ourselves, ‘Hey, there’s not that many opportunities for Omaha-area kids to learn about farming and sustainable agriculture,’” Susman recalled. “So we said, ‘Hey, let’s start something back in our own community.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monbouquette and Susman founded Truck Farm Omaha in the spring of 2012, and the two then brought on Chelsea Taxman as education director. Taxman drives the truck to farmers markets, family-oriented community events, and four local public schools during after-school programs, where she teaches young and old alike about the basics of gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always some kind of curiosity,” Taxman said. “We get everything from kids thinking we’re crazy -- like, ‘What did you do to your truck!?’ -- to ‘That’s cool,’ to, ‘My dad has a truck. I wonder if he’d let me do that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the awe wears off, the students get to dig in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn about how something is actually growing -- the nutrients in soil, the insects, pollinators, and composting worms.” Taxman said. “We also have harvest activities, so if there’s a lot of basil or arugula, we’ll harvest it out of the truck and show them how to cut the plant without cutting all of it, and then prepare a truck-side snack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody who visits the truck, we encourage them to eat something from the truck,” added Taxman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gives the students and visitors an opportunity to learn that there’s more to gardening than work and biological science. Good food and good times quickly become a clear part of the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gardening is a lot of fun,” Susman said. “It’s a chance to be active, to sweat a little bit. And at the end of the day, you get some rewards for that labor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not saying that everybody needs to get an old pickup truck to grow some food,” he added. “It’s just trying to get people to think differently about things they see every single day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In this video, QUEST takes a ride with Truck Farm Omaha, an organization with an innovative method for teaching urban kids about growing food.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you drive across any of the millions of square miles of agricultural land in America, what you see is fairly predictable. Rolling fields of crops and big blue skies become the backdrop for sleepy little homesteads with long gravel driveways and picturesque barns, silos, corrals, and front-lawn tire swings. Whether you're on an apple orchard in the Northwest, a sugarcane operation in the South, a wheat field on the Great Plains, or a corn farm in the Midwest, you will find innumerable consistencies in all walks of rural American life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what is perhaps the most common feature in any of these places? The pickup truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry Ford's Model T first rolled off the Detroit assembly lines in 1925, and at that moment the pickup practically became an inevitable staple in all American agricultural pursuits. But in Omaha, Nebraska and other cities across the U.S., the illustrious pickup is being put to use like never before. Instead of hauling produce and supplies from the farm to town, some trucks are being used to haul the actual farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"http://truckfarmomaha.com/\">Truck Farm Omaha \u003c/a>lives in a 1975 mustard-yellow Chevy pickup truck,” said Andrew Monbouquette, co-founder of Omaha’s “truck farm” project. “It really is a full-functioning farm in the back of a pickup truck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/vlcsnap-2014-06-13-13h33m11s61.png\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-71087 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/vlcsnap-2014-06-13-13h33m11s61-450x253.png\" alt=\"vlcsnap-2014-06-13-13h33m11s61\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why plant a garden in the bed of a classic truck? One of the reasons, said Monbouquette, is to give people in urban areas a firsthand chance to learn about growing food. During growing season, this garden on wheels can frequently be seen traveling down Omaha roads, parked at community events, or surrounded by children in school parking lots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these kids…haven’t had the opportunity to get dirty,” Monbouquette said. “You feel good that you’re helping to empower them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Susman, Omaha Truck Farm’s director, said he and Monbouquette decided to start their truck farm after traveling around the country to shoot a documentary film on urban agriculture and seeing similar efforts in bigger cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We said to ourselves, ‘Hey, there’s not that many opportunities for Omaha-area kids to learn about farming and sustainable agriculture,’” Susman recalled. “So we said, ‘Hey, let’s start something back in our own community.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monbouquette and Susman founded Truck Farm Omaha in the spring of 2012, and the two then brought on Chelsea Taxman as education director. Taxman drives the truck to farmers markets, family-oriented community events, and four local public schools during after-school programs, where she teaches young and old alike about the basics of gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always some kind of curiosity,” Taxman said. “We get everything from kids thinking we’re crazy -- like, ‘What did you do to your truck!?’ -- to ‘That’s cool,’ to, ‘My dad has a truck. I wonder if he’d let me do that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the awe wears off, the students get to dig in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn about how something is actually growing -- the nutrients in soil, the insects, pollinators, and composting worms.” Taxman said. “We also have harvest activities, so if there’s a lot of basil or arugula, we’ll harvest it out of the truck and show them how to cut the plant without cutting all of it, and then prepare a truck-side snack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody who visits the truck, we encourage them to eat something from the truck,” added Taxman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gives the students and visitors an opportunity to learn that there’s more to gardening than work and biological science. Good food and good times quickly become a clear part of the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gardening is a lot of fun,” Susman said. “It’s a chance to be active, to sweat a little bit. And at the end of the day, you get some rewards for that labor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not saying that everybody needs to get an old pickup truck to grow some food,” he added. “It’s just trying to get people to think differently about things they see every single day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots",
"title": "Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots",
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"content": "\u003cp>New \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.wisc.edu/22356\">research\u003c/a> from the University of Wisconsin suggests that deforestation is promoting the spread of a disease called Nipah virus in Bangladesh. The virus has no cure, no vaccine -- and a mortality rate of more than 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia in 1998, epidemiologists traced it back to Indian flying foxes -- giant fruit bats that are widespread in South Asia. In \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2013/04/30/climatic-ori-nipah-virus/#.U3Y4gcYhsnA\">Malaysia\u003c/a> the bats infected domesticated pigs, which in turn infected their farmers. But the latest outbreaks have been in Bangladesh, where pigs are rare. A 2006 \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/12/pdfs/06-0732.pdf\">study\u003c/a> by the CDC and other groups concluded that the Bangladesh outbreaks were caused by drinking contaminated date palm sap, a sugary syrup humans and bats both love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70513 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pot can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pots can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Date palm sap is collected from tree trunks, like maple syrup: collectors tap the trees with machetes and let the syrup run into clay pots overnight. During the night, when the bats are out foraging, they find these pots, drink from them, and sometimes leave behind the Nipah virus in their saliva, urine, or feces. Cooking or fermenting the sap could destroy the virus, but in Bangladesh the sap is commonly sold raw at street markets, a practice the government \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/health/22global.html?_r=0\">banned\u003c/a> after a 2011 outbreak that killed 21 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law isn't enforced, though, especially in rural areas, and the sale of raw sap continues. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.iedcr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106\">reported\u003c/a> 18 more cases before February 11 of this year. Patients usually show up with a fever, headache, and neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures. There isn’t much doctors can do beyond keeping them comfortable and helping them breathe once the disease spreads to their lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding which villages are most vulnerable to Nipah would facilitate more targeted prevention efforts, but the virus' geographic distribution was puzzling. Outbreaks seemed to be clustered around a strip of territory in central and northwestern Bangladesh that’s come to be called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.icddrb.org/media-centre/news/1996-dealing-with-nipah-virus-how-low-cost-methods-may-save-lives-in-bangladesh\">Nipah belt\u003c/a>.” Population density is higher in the Nipah belt than outside it, and forest density is lower, but the bat population -- presumably the source of the outbreaks -- is the same. And even within the Nipah belt, some villages escaped the virus entirely when similar ones, with the same number of bats, had outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the mystery that intrigued Micah Hahn, then a graduate student at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelson.wisc.edu\">Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies\u003c/a> at UW-Madison. “Why here, but not there? How does the environment help determine who gets Nipah virus and who does not?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question, Dr. Hahn and her colleagues combined high-tech remote-sensing techniques with low-tech door-to-door surveys. They also hung infrared cameras to monitor bats feeding at night. All this data enabled them to create a high-resolution map that compared the geographic distribution and density of people, bats, and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313-541x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bat roosts. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"432\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the day, fruit bats roost in colonies of hundreds. But surprisingly, just having a bat colony nearby doesn't necessarily increase the chance that Nipah virus will spill over to humans. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That led to the discovery of a surprising culprit: deforestation. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that Bangladesh has lost nearly three-quarters of its forest in the last 30 years as its population has expanded. In the Nipah belt, as Hahn explains in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCnL3aoNEAA\">video\u003c/a> from the Nelson Institute, what remains are small, uneven patches of forest instead of large swaths of jungle. The places where the forest is most fragmented are the places most vulnerable to Nipah virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 10 percent reduction in tree cover at the sites in the Nipah belt where the bats were roosting, Hahn found that a nearby village was \u003cstrong>twice\u003c/strong> as likely to have an outbreak. Why? Even though there were the same number of bats in these fragmented forests as in thicker ones, Hahn observed that they “tended to settle in several small roosts scattered throughout the villages, rather than in one large roosting colony.” In areas where the human population density is high, like in the Nipah belt, Hahn speculates that this dispersion increases the likelihood that the bats will find human food sources. When bats and humans start sharing food, disease transmission becomes much more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70520\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159-537x360.jpg\" alt=\"Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep the bats out can prevent contaminationDate palm sap pots. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn. \" width=\"650\" height=\"435\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep bats out can prevent contamination. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Hahn is quick to point out that the bats themselves aren’t the problem. In fact, since bats help regenerate forest by strewing seeds all over their territory, they could be part of the solution. “This is not just about having bats,” she said. It’s a combination of bat behavior and human behavior that sparked the emergence of Nipah virus in Bangladesh. “The disease risk is a result of humans changing the landscape in ways that create opportunities for human/wildlife interactions,” Hahn said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nipah virus isn’t the only disease whose spread is influenced by the way humans manage the landscape. In Uganda, replacing natural swamps with cropland increased the risk of malaria. Yellow fever, leishmaniasis, and Hantavirus have also been shown to behave differently when the landscape changes. Hahn’s research will help target Nipah prevention and surveillance efforts to the most vulnerable villages, but it’s also evidence that the consequences of reshaping our environment could be more complicated than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70514\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70514\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923-551x360.jpg\" alt=\"When the forest is broken up into small patches with lots of holes in the canopy, bat and humans start to find food in the same areas. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the forest is broken up into small patches and interspersed with human settlements, like it is in the Nipah belt, humans and bats can start sharing food sources. Bat-borne diseases are the result. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.wisc.edu/22356\">research\u003c/a> from the University of Wisconsin suggests that deforestation is promoting the spread of a disease called Nipah virus in Bangladesh. The virus has no cure, no vaccine -- and a mortality rate of more than 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia in 1998, epidemiologists traced it back to Indian flying foxes -- giant fruit bats that are widespread in South Asia. In \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2013/04/30/climatic-ori-nipah-virus/#.U3Y4gcYhsnA\">Malaysia\u003c/a> the bats infected domesticated pigs, which in turn infected their farmers. But the latest outbreaks have been in Bangladesh, where pigs are rare. A 2006 \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/12/pdfs/06-0732.pdf\">study\u003c/a> by the CDC and other groups concluded that the Bangladesh outbreaks were caused by drinking contaminated date palm sap, a sugary syrup humans and bats both love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70513 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pot can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pots can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Date palm sap is collected from tree trunks, like maple syrup: collectors tap the trees with machetes and let the syrup run into clay pots overnight. During the night, when the bats are out foraging, they find these pots, drink from them, and sometimes leave behind the Nipah virus in their saliva, urine, or feces. Cooking or fermenting the sap could destroy the virus, but in Bangladesh the sap is commonly sold raw at street markets, a practice the government \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/health/22global.html?_r=0\">banned\u003c/a> after a 2011 outbreak that killed 21 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law isn't enforced, though, especially in rural areas, and the sale of raw sap continues. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.iedcr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106\">reported\u003c/a> 18 more cases before February 11 of this year. Patients usually show up with a fever, headache, and neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures. There isn’t much doctors can do beyond keeping them comfortable and helping them breathe once the disease spreads to their lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding which villages are most vulnerable to Nipah would facilitate more targeted prevention efforts, but the virus' geographic distribution was puzzling. Outbreaks seemed to be clustered around a strip of territory in central and northwestern Bangladesh that’s come to be called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.icddrb.org/media-centre/news/1996-dealing-with-nipah-virus-how-low-cost-methods-may-save-lives-in-bangladesh\">Nipah belt\u003c/a>.” Population density is higher in the Nipah belt than outside it, and forest density is lower, but the bat population -- presumably the source of the outbreaks -- is the same. And even within the Nipah belt, some villages escaped the virus entirely when similar ones, with the same number of bats, had outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the mystery that intrigued Micah Hahn, then a graduate student at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelson.wisc.edu\">Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies\u003c/a> at UW-Madison. “Why here, but not there? How does the environment help determine who gets Nipah virus and who does not?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question, Dr. Hahn and her colleagues combined high-tech remote-sensing techniques with low-tech door-to-door surveys. They also hung infrared cameras to monitor bats feeding at night. All this data enabled them to create a high-resolution map that compared the geographic distribution and density of people, bats, and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313-541x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bat roosts. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"432\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the day, fruit bats roost in colonies of hundreds. But surprisingly, just having a bat colony nearby doesn't necessarily increase the chance that Nipah virus will spill over to humans. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That led to the discovery of a surprising culprit: deforestation. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that Bangladesh has lost nearly three-quarters of its forest in the last 30 years as its population has expanded. In the Nipah belt, as Hahn explains in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCnL3aoNEAA\">video\u003c/a> from the Nelson Institute, what remains are small, uneven patches of forest instead of large swaths of jungle. The places where the forest is most fragmented are the places most vulnerable to Nipah virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 10 percent reduction in tree cover at the sites in the Nipah belt where the bats were roosting, Hahn found that a nearby village was \u003cstrong>twice\u003c/strong> as likely to have an outbreak. Why? Even though there were the same number of bats in these fragmented forests as in thicker ones, Hahn observed that they “tended to settle in several small roosts scattered throughout the villages, rather than in one large roosting colony.” In areas where the human population density is high, like in the Nipah belt, Hahn speculates that this dispersion increases the likelihood that the bats will find human food sources. When bats and humans start sharing food, disease transmission becomes much more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70520\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159-537x360.jpg\" alt=\"Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep the bats out can prevent contaminationDate palm sap pots. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn. \" width=\"650\" height=\"435\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep bats out can prevent contamination. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Hahn is quick to point out that the bats themselves aren’t the problem. In fact, since bats help regenerate forest by strewing seeds all over their territory, they could be part of the solution. “This is not just about having bats,” she said. It’s a combination of bat behavior and human behavior that sparked the emergence of Nipah virus in Bangladesh. “The disease risk is a result of humans changing the landscape in ways that create opportunities for human/wildlife interactions,” Hahn said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nipah virus isn’t the only disease whose spread is influenced by the way humans manage the landscape. In Uganda, replacing natural swamps with cropland increased the risk of malaria. Yellow fever, leishmaniasis, and Hantavirus have also been shown to behave differently when the landscape changes. Hahn’s research will help target Nipah prevention and surveillance efforts to the most vulnerable villages, but it’s also evidence that the consequences of reshaping our environment could be more complicated than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70514\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70514\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923-551x360.jpg\" alt=\"When the forest is broken up into small patches with lots of holes in the canopy, bat and humans start to find food in the same areas. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the forest is broken up into small patches and interspersed with human settlements, like it is in the Nipah belt, humans and bats can start sharing food sources. Bat-borne diseases are the result. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Do Water Pollution Tests Lead to 'Dead Zones?'",
"title": "Do Water Pollution Tests Lead to 'Dead Zones?'",
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"content": "\u003ch3>\u003cem>Reported by Robert McClure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/\">InvestigateWest\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Waterways across the country are beset by a disturbing pattern: Polluted water discharged from sewage treatment plants carries with it vast amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen, which are known as “nutrients.” The nutrients feed massive algae blooms. Those in turn spur the growth of microbes -- teeny-tiny bugs -- that suck out of the water the oxygen that’s needed by fish and other aquatic creatures. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69554 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg\" alt=\"DissolvedOxygenNOAA\" width=\"472\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\">\u003c/a>The result is aquatic “dead zones” like the one off the coast of Louisiana, where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico. At its peak last year, that lifeless oceanic zone reached the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/gulf-mexico-dead-zone-size-connecticut-f6C10798946\">size of Connecticut\u003c/a>. While scientists and engineers nationwide grapple with the problem, one persistent environmental engineer in Salt Lake City has been pointing out for three decades what appears to be a major failing of pollution tests performed at sewage-treatment plants across the country. If he is right, they are a major unrecognized contributor to the problem. To put it simply, Peter Maier maintains that current testing procedures account for the nutrients from humans’ solid waste, but not from nutrients in urine. The problem traces to the way waste is tested for “\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/monitoring/vms52.cfm\">biochemical oxygen demand\u003c/a>,” or BOD. So how did this come to pass? After the federal Clean Water Act was passed in 1972, about two-thirds of sewage-treatment plants were continually failing the required tests. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) then changed the tests. It eliminated the need to measure the amount of “biochemical oxygen demand” from nitrogen-based wastes -- pee -- while retaining the need to measure the same from carbon-based wastes -- poop. The reason? It takes 30 days or so to measure the effects of the pee, but 10 days or less for the poop. Here’s how we explained it in an award-winning \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/projects/clean-water\">series\u003c/a>by InvestigateWest and EarthFix titled “Clean Water: The Next Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">“The carbon-eating microbes are in full swing by the fifth day of the test. Their populations are thriving. But the nitrogen-eating bugs are just getting started, and may not get up to full speed until maybe the sixth to the eighth day, depending on conditions such as the temperature. (They do better in warmer weather.) It can take up to 30 days for those bugs to digest the urine-based waste.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">And this is where the science of sewage treatment parts ways with the actual methods used in the U.S., as Maier sees it… .\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The problem, Maier says, is that those nitrogen-eating bugs that die in the laboratory flask don’t get killed in the actual sewage-treatment plants. And those nitrogen-eating bugs keep on eating waste and requiring oxygen that comes out of the streams where the waste is dumped -- at the expense of the fish and other aquatic creatures that live there. Plus, all the nitrogen that the bacteria haven’t eaten acts as a fertilizer for algae downstream from the sewage plant.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So right now Maier contends that there are numerous examples of water bodies where sewage-treatment plants are meeting their official pollution-control limits, but are in fact continuing to contribute to the downturn in water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69658\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69658 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Peter-Maier-450x250.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Maier\" width=\"450\" height=\"250\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Maier photo courtesy of InvestigateWest\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Maier has sued the EPA and testified before Congress to get the word out -- to little avail. Now his contentions are getting new currency as environmentalists push several suits against the EPA, including one that blames the agency for not controlling the nutrients in the Mississippi River basin that killed off part of the Gulf of Mexico. One reason Maier hasn’t gotten farther may be his cantankerous nature, friends say, and it also doesn’t help that he still has a thick accent from his upbringing in the Netherlands. Said ally Lowell Palm, a mechanical engineer, “Some of it’s Peter’s ‘foreign-ness’ and rather abrasive approach to those who might hold opinions different from his. And I think that caused a lot of tension.” Fortunately for Maier’s cause, the issue of nutrients is front and center in a case brought by environmentalists in federal court in New Orleans. The suit accuses the EPA of dereliction of duty for failing to control nutrient pollution that causes the Gulf of Mexico dead zone. A judge ordered the agency to respond by March 19 as to why, but the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/aalexander/another_round_of_epa_delay_in.html\">won a last-minute stay\u003c/a>from an appeals court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The problem with pee: a scientist blows the whistle on sewage-treatment plants, claiming they harm water quality even when meeting official pollution-control limits.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cem>Reported by Robert McClure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/\">InvestigateWest\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Waterways across the country are beset by a disturbing pattern: Polluted water discharged from sewage treatment plants carries with it vast amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen, which are known as “nutrients.” The nutrients feed massive algae blooms. Those in turn spur the growth of microbes -- teeny-tiny bugs -- that suck out of the water the oxygen that’s needed by fish and other aquatic creatures. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69554 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg\" alt=\"DissolvedOxygenNOAA\" width=\"472\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA.jpg 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DissolvedOxygenNOAA-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\">\u003c/a>The result is aquatic “dead zones” like the one off the coast of Louisiana, where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico. At its peak last year, that lifeless oceanic zone reached the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/gulf-mexico-dead-zone-size-connecticut-f6C10798946\">size of Connecticut\u003c/a>. While scientists and engineers nationwide grapple with the problem, one persistent environmental engineer in Salt Lake City has been pointing out for three decades what appears to be a major failing of pollution tests performed at sewage-treatment plants across the country. If he is right, they are a major unrecognized contributor to the problem. To put it simply, Peter Maier maintains that current testing procedures account for the nutrients from humans’ solid waste, but not from nutrients in urine. The problem traces to the way waste is tested for “\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/monitoring/vms52.cfm\">biochemical oxygen demand\u003c/a>,” or BOD. So how did this come to pass? After the federal Clean Water Act was passed in 1972, about two-thirds of sewage-treatment plants were continually failing the required tests. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) then changed the tests. It eliminated the need to measure the amount of “biochemical oxygen demand” from nitrogen-based wastes -- pee -- while retaining the need to measure the same from carbon-based wastes -- poop. The reason? It takes 30 days or so to measure the effects of the pee, but 10 days or less for the poop. Here’s how we explained it in an award-winning \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/projects/clean-water\">series\u003c/a>by InvestigateWest and EarthFix titled “Clean Water: The Next Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">“The carbon-eating microbes are in full swing by the fifth day of the test. Their populations are thriving. But the nitrogen-eating bugs are just getting started, and may not get up to full speed until maybe the sixth to the eighth day, depending on conditions such as the temperature. (They do better in warmer weather.) It can take up to 30 days for those bugs to digest the urine-based waste.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">And this is where the science of sewage treatment parts ways with the actual methods used in the U.S., as Maier sees it… .\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The problem, Maier says, is that those nitrogen-eating bugs that die in the laboratory flask don’t get killed in the actual sewage-treatment plants. And those nitrogen-eating bugs keep on eating waste and requiring oxygen that comes out of the streams where the waste is dumped -- at the expense of the fish and other aquatic creatures that live there. Plus, all the nitrogen that the bacteria haven’t eaten acts as a fertilizer for algae downstream from the sewage plant.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So right now Maier contends that there are numerous examples of water bodies where sewage-treatment plants are meeting their official pollution-control limits, but are in fact continuing to contribute to the downturn in water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69658\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69658 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Peter-Maier-450x250.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Maier\" width=\"450\" height=\"250\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Maier photo courtesy of InvestigateWest\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Maier has sued the EPA and testified before Congress to get the word out -- to little avail. Now his contentions are getting new currency as environmentalists push several suits against the EPA, including one that blames the agency for not controlling the nutrients in the Mississippi River basin that killed off part of the Gulf of Mexico. One reason Maier hasn’t gotten farther may be his cantankerous nature, friends say, and it also doesn’t help that he still has a thick accent from his upbringing in the Netherlands. Said ally Lowell Palm, a mechanical engineer, “Some of it’s Peter’s ‘foreign-ness’ and rather abrasive approach to those who might hold opinions different from his. And I think that caused a lot of tension.” Fortunately for Maier’s cause, the issue of nutrients is front and center in a case brought by environmentalists in federal court in New Orleans. The suit accuses the EPA of dereliction of duty for failing to control nutrient pollution that causes the Gulf of Mexico dead zone. A judge ordered the agency to respond by March 19 as to why, but the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/aalexander/another_round_of_epa_delay_in.html\">won a last-minute stay\u003c/a>from an appeals court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/tSvNdXO7qaTHNUzA5hpM7A==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the global population flew past seven billion people. It is now on pace to reach eight billion by 2024. The rapid pace of our population growth underlines the need for healthy and productive farmland. Yet as our population increases, the amount of arable land on the planet is decreasing. Human activity and climate change are degrading once-productive farmland, decreasing the amount of food that can be grown. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification estimates that 3 to 5 percent of the world’s agricultural yield is lost due to land degradation every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can we feed more and more people on less land? International experts agree with urban farmer Will Allen. He knows that soil is the key to stopping land degradation and increasing productivity. In this QUEST video, Will Allen explains how increasing soil fertility will ensure our future food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-activity Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How much land did it take to grow your breakfast today?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the difference between productive land and degraded land?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What causes land to degrade?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How is farmland being lost today?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is soil fertility important?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How can leftover food and waste be converted to soil?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How do your actions contribute to land degradation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How could your actions reduce land degradation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How can you convert food waste into soil?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Explore the soil profile in your community using the USDA’s map. http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/. Compare and contrast how the land has changed over time. What might have caused these changes? Using the data from the map, predict changes that may occur in the future.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.growingpower.org\" href=\"http://www.growingpower.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Farming\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Growing Power, Inc.\u003c/strong>See how Will Allen’s organization is empowering communities to grow their own food.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.ifpri.org\" href=\"http://www.ifpri.org/node/8441\" target=\"_blank\">Land Degradation\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Institutional Food Policy Research Institute\u003c/strong>Learn about the potential of integrated soil fertility management to slow land degradation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.worldometers.info\" href=\"http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/\" target=\"_blank\">Real Time Population Statistics\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Worldometers\u003c/strong>See world population data in real time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.unccd.int\" href=\"http://www.unccd.int/Lists/SiteDocumentLibrary/Partnerships/partnership%2024_01_14%20low%20res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Food Security\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification\u003c/strong>Read the 2014 report on food and land security from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on the chances of individuals and species to survive and reproduce. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-8\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the number of organisms and populations they support. These limits result from such factors as the availability of living and nonliving resources and from challenges such as predation, competition, and disease. Organisms would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for the fact that environments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-A\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong>Scale, proportion, and quantity: The significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong>Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/tSvNdXO7qaTHNUzA5hpM7A==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the global population flew past seven billion people. It is now on pace to reach eight billion by 2024. The rapid pace of our population growth underlines the need for healthy and productive farmland. Yet as our population increases, the amount of arable land on the planet is decreasing. Human activity and climate change are degrading once-productive farmland, decreasing the amount of food that can be grown. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification estimates that 3 to 5 percent of the world’s agricultural yield is lost due to land degradation every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can we feed more and more people on less land? International experts agree with urban farmer Will Allen. He knows that soil is the key to stopping land degradation and increasing productivity. In this QUEST video, Will Allen explains how increasing soil fertility will ensure our future food security.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-activity Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How much land did it take to grow your breakfast today?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the difference between productive land and degraded land?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What causes land to degrade?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How is farmland being lost today?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is soil fertility important?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How can leftover food and waste be converted to soil?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How do your actions contribute to land degradation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How could your actions reduce land degradation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How can you convert food waste into soil?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Explore the soil profile in your community using the USDA’s map. http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/. Compare and contrast how the land has changed over time. What might have caused these changes? Using the data from the map, predict changes that may occur in the future.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.growingpower.org\" href=\"http://www.growingpower.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Farming\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Growing Power, Inc.\u003c/strong>See how Will Allen’s organization is empowering communities to grow their own food.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.ifpri.org\" href=\"http://www.ifpri.org/node/8441\" target=\"_blank\">Land Degradation\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Institutional Food Policy Research Institute\u003c/strong>Learn about the potential of integrated soil fertility management to slow land degradation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.worldometers.info\" href=\"http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/\" target=\"_blank\">Real Time Population Statistics\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Worldometers\u003c/strong>See world population data in real time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.unccd.int\" href=\"http://www.unccd.int/Lists/SiteDocumentLibrary/Partnerships/partnership%2024_01_14%20low%20res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Food Security\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification\u003c/strong>Read the 2014 report on food and land security from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on the chances of individuals and species to survive and reproduce. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-8\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the number of organisms and populations they support. These limits result from such factors as the availability of living and nonliving resources and from challenges such as predation, competition, and disease. Organisms would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for the fact that environments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-A\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong>Scale, proportion, and quantity: The significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong>Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Will Allen, pioneering urban farmer and founder of Growing Power, Inc., believes that access to healthy food is the key to sustaining a healthy urban community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people can grow safe, healthy, affordable food, if they have access to land and clean water, this is transformative on every level in a community,” said Allen. “I believe we cannot have healthy communities without a healthy food system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last century, advances in agricultural technology have radically changed our relationship with food. Farms became exponentially larger and more productive, dropping the price and increasing the availability of agricultural products. A smaller percentage of people could grow enough food to feed the rest of the population. 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How will they know the location is safe and accessible to the community? Who might they consult to find these answers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This QUEST classroom activity guides students through the process of finding a location for a community garden. Using the map and community expert cards provided, students will come to understand the physical and social factors required to create a successful urban agricultural space.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Activity Instructions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This activity is intended to encourage students to consider the issues involved in growing food in an urban environment and prompt discussion about urban food production in their own community. There is no clear best choice in this activity; each location has benefits and drawbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Provide students with the map and community expert cards. Students may work individually or in small groups of up to five students.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students research each of three potential locations for a community garden. Their goal is to choose the location that will have the most positive effects for the community.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students first “consult” experts by looking at the five community expert cards. Each card contains a description of the expert’s role in the community and information about each of the four potential garden locations based on his or her expertise.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask students to carefully consider the differences between each garden location. If students are working individually, they can take notes about each location. 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How can those resources be accessed in a city?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Focus Questions during Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What pertinent information can you infer from the map?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What does each community expert say about each location?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Compare and contrast the advice from each community expert.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What kinds of factors (physical, economic, political) do these experts take into consideration?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Is one factor (such as soil condition or access to water) more important than the others? Why?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are important factors to consider that were not mentioned by the experts?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-activity Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How is the neighborhood depicted on the map similar to or different from your own neighborhood?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Would a community garden be viable in your community? What hurdles might you encounter?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Who would you consult to start a garden in your own community?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Where would you start a garden in your community? What would each of the experts think of your chosen location?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Community Expert Cards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69155\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69155\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6.jpg\" alt=\"Community expert card: City Council Member\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community expert card: City Council Member\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69157\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69157\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2.jpg\" alt=\"Community Expert Card: Local Resident\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Expert Card: Local Resident\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69212\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Community Expert Card: Urban Farmer\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Expert Card: Urban Farmer\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69154\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5.jpg\" alt=\"Community Expert Card: District Police Department\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Expert Card: District Police Department\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69152\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69152\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Community Expert Card: Department of Public Utilities\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Expert Card: Department of Public Utilities\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://designinghealthycommunities.org\" href=\"http://designinghealthycommunities.org/role-community-gardens-sustaining-healthy-communities/\" target=\"_blank\">Community Gardens and Public Health \u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Designing Healthy Communities\u003c/strong>See the effects of community gardens on the health and well-being of Australian city dwellers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://fcebichivirtuallibrary.com\" href=\"http://fcebichivirtuallibrary.com/Agric/The_Agricultural_Revolution_of_the_20th_Century__0813804094.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The Agricultural Revolution of the 20th Century \u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Iowa State University Press\u003c/strong>Read an in-depth chronicle of the advancements in agriculture and society in the 20th century.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.urbanfarming.org\" href=\"http://www.urbanfarming.org/videos.html?ma_id=4\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Farming Tips\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Urbanfarming.org\u003c/strong>Learn how to start growing food in your community.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.kccg.org\" href=\"http://www.kccg.org/canning-and-freezing\" target=\"_blank\">Soil Test \u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Kansas City Community Gardens\u003c/strong>Learn how to ensure that your soil is ready to produce food.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.\u003cstrong>HS-LS2-7\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Group behavior has evolved because membership can increase the chances of survival for individuals and their genetic relatives. \u003cstrong>LS2.D Social Interactions and Group Behavior\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong>Scale, proportion, and quantity: Using the concept of orders of magnitude allows one to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong>Engaging in argument from evidence: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If you needed to grow food in your city, where would you do it? How do you find space with healthy soil, safe water, and adequate sunlight? How do you know the space is safe, affordable, and accessible to the community? This QUEST classroom activity shows you how.",
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"description": "If you needed to grow food in your city, where would you do it? How do you find space with healthy soil, safe water, and adequate sunlight? How do you know the space is safe, affordable, and accessible to the community? This QUEST classroom activity shows you how.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Will Allen, pioneering urban farmer and founder of Growing Power, Inc., believes that access to healthy food is the key to sustaining a healthy urban community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people can grow safe, healthy, affordable food, if they have access to land and clean water, this is transformative on every level in a community,” said Allen. “I believe we cannot have healthy communities without a healthy food system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last century, advances in agricultural technology have radically changed our relationship with food. Farms became exponentially larger and more productive, dropping the price and increasing the availability of agricultural products. A smaller percentage of people could grow enough food to feed the rest of the population. Most Americans no longer needed to know how to grow their own food, and many moved to cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the infrastructure of our modern food system does not serve everyone equally, and in some urban communities it has eroded away. Communities need to have the economic resources to establish and maintain markets and eateries with diverse food options, and in economically depressed neighborhoods it can be extremely difficult to find safe, healthy food. Markets selling fresh fruit and vegetables are far away and difficult to access via public transport. Local residents, many of whom have limited mobility, are left with processed food from corner stores as their only option for groceries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now some urban residents are following leaders like Will Allen and trying to grow food in their own communities. But growing food in a city presents unique challenges. How can residents find space with healthy soil, safe water, and adequate sunlight? How will they know the location is safe and accessible to the community? Who might they consult to find these answers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This QUEST classroom activity guides students through the process of finding a location for a community garden. Using the map and community expert cards provided, students will come to understand the physical and social factors required to create a successful urban agricultural space.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Activity Instructions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This activity is intended to encourage students to consider the issues involved in growing food in an urban environment and prompt discussion about urban food production in their own community. There is no clear best choice in this activity; each location has benefits and drawbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Provide students with the map and community expert cards. Students may work individually or in small groups of up to five students.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students research each of three potential locations for a community garden. Their goal is to choose the location that will have the most positive effects for the community.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students first “consult” experts by looking at the five community expert cards. Each card contains a description of the expert’s role in the community and information about each of the four potential garden locations based on his or her expertise.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask students to carefully consider the differences between each garden location. If students are working individually, they can take notes about each location. If they are working in groups, they can debate their choices, each student taking the role of one of the experts.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students must explain and justify their choices, either in writing or through discussion, using facts found in the activity.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Pre-activity Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you couldn’t get food at the grocery store, where would you find it?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What resources are needed for food production? How can those resources be accessed in a city?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Focus Questions during Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What pertinent information can you infer from the map?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What does each community expert say about each location?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Compare and contrast the advice from each community expert.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What kinds of factors (physical, economic, political) do these experts take into consideration?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Is one factor (such as soil condition or access to water) more important than the others? Why?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are important factors to consider that were not mentioned by the experts?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-activity Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How is the neighborhood depicted on the map similar to or different from your own neighborhood?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Would a community garden be viable in your community? What hurdles might you encounter?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Who would you consult to start a garden in your own community?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Where would you start a garden in your community? What would each of the experts think of your chosen location?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Community Expert Cards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69155\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69155\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6.jpg\" alt=\"Community expert card: City Council Member\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_6-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community expert card: City Council Member\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69157\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69157\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2.jpg\" alt=\"Community Expert Card: Local Resident\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_2-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Expert Card: Local Resident\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69212\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Community Expert Card: Urban Farmer\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_4-copy-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Expert Card: Urban Farmer\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69154\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5.jpg\" alt=\"Community Expert Card: District Police Department\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_5-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Expert Card: District Police Department\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69152\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69152\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Community Expert Card: Department of Public Utilities\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy-1180x927.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/urban-gardens-final_Page_3-copy-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community Expert Card: Department of Public Utilities\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://designinghealthycommunities.org\" href=\"http://designinghealthycommunities.org/role-community-gardens-sustaining-healthy-communities/\" target=\"_blank\">Community Gardens and Public Health \u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Designing Healthy Communities\u003c/strong>See the effects of community gardens on the health and well-being of Australian city dwellers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://fcebichivirtuallibrary.com\" href=\"http://fcebichivirtuallibrary.com/Agric/The_Agricultural_Revolution_of_the_20th_Century__0813804094.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The Agricultural Revolution of the 20th Century \u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Iowa State University Press\u003c/strong>Read an in-depth chronicle of the advancements in agriculture and society in the 20th century.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.urbanfarming.org\" href=\"http://www.urbanfarming.org/videos.html?ma_id=4\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Farming Tips\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Urbanfarming.org\u003c/strong>Learn how to start growing food in your community.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"www.kccg.org\" href=\"http://www.kccg.org/canning-and-freezing\" target=\"_blank\">Soil Test \u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Kansas City Community Gardens\u003c/strong>Learn how to ensure that your soil is ready to produce food.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.\u003cstrong>HS-LS2-7\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Group behavior has evolved because membership can increase the chances of survival for individuals and their genetic relatives. \u003cstrong>LS2.D Social Interactions and Group Behavior\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong>Scale, proportion, and quantity: Using the concept of orders of magnitude allows one to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong>Engaging in argument from evidence: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you have an older cat, there’s a good chance it has high thyroid levels. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15287394.2012.652054#.UydgD_SwLW5\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent of older cats have this condition\u003c/a>, called hyperthyroidism, which can cause weight loss, an unkempt appearance, and agitation. Unfortunately, it requires lifelong treatment, usually a daily medication\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, hyperthyroidism in cats was virtually unknown before 1979. Another curious fact is that homes where cats with hyperthyroidism live tend to contain dust with higher levels of a certain flame retardant than homes with healthy cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coincidence? Not likely. The flame retardant, called PBDE, is often found in polyurethane foam, which gives structure and softness to upholstered furniture. When people sit down, PBDE poofs out and accumulates in house dust. When cats groom themselves, they ingest the dust and the PBDE, which is structurally similar to thyroid molecules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68419\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 224px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/endocrinesystem_MossGreene.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68419 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/endocrinesystem_MossGreene-224x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The human endocrine system is a set of eight glands that produce and secrete hormones. Click to learn more about each function. Image courtesy Moss Greene & \u003ca href=\"http://commonsensehealth.com/endocrine-system-diagram-for-understanding-hormones/\">commonsensehealth.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thyroid disorders are also on the rise in people. According to the American Cancer Society, diagnoses of thyroid cancer have doubled since 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the problem is not just PBDE, and it’s not just thyroid disorders. We are exposed to hundreds of other synthetic chemicals every day that have the potential to interfere with the body’s endocrine system, which includes the thyroid. The endocrine system consists of glands and hormones that guide development, metabolism, puberty, and reproduction. The endocrine system is particularly crucial in utero and during infancy because it orchestrates the development of organs. A hormonal misfire during brain development can have lifelong effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are concerned about possible links between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the rapid increase in conditions as varied as autism, ADHD, asthma, childhood leukemia, early puberty, autoimmune disorders, obesity, type-2 diabetes, infertility, and cancers of the thyroid, testes, prostate, and breast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of diseases that have gone up in incidence with our increased use of [synthetic] chemicals since the 1950s,” said Heather Patisaul, an associate professor of biology at North Carolina State University. “That suggests there is an environmental component.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) and the National Toxicology Program, said, “What we’re looking for is not missing arms and legs or someone keels over and dies, but much more subtle kinds of effects which you might see over the course of a lifetime.” She added, “If you don’t look, you don’t find. Now that we’re starting to look, we’re starting to see associations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIEHS is investing millions of dollars into research on the relationship between the endocrine system and chemicals such as flame retardants, pesticides, and BPA (often used in plastics, receipts, and can linings). We ingest these chemicals with our food and water or by putting our hands in our mouths; we also absorb them through our skin and lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68406\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Couch_Mary-Hockenbery.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68406\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Couch_Mary-Hockenbery-338x253.jpg\" alt=\"In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control. Photo courtesy Mary Hockenbery\" width=\"338\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/reddirtrose/\" target=\"_blank\">Mary Hockenbery\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of animal studies in recent years have provided experimental evidence linking endocrine disruptors and problems ranging from asthma to hyperactivity to cancer. \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbt.21439/abstract;jsessionid=087CBBFCC0127AC621C1AE3A90D7708B.f01t01\" target=\"_blank\">Patisaul’s studies\u003c/a> on rats show an increase in anxiety, early puberty, and premature infertility with exposure to BPA at doses comparable to BPA exposure in average Americans. She and her colleagues also showed that rats exposed to the flame retardant Firemaster 550 were more likely to be anxious and obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though PBDE was phased out between 2005 and 2013, its replacements may not be any safer. Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-toxic-substances-control-act\" target=\"_blank\">Toxic Substances Control Act,\u003c/a> manufacturers must notify the EPA when they bring a new chemical to market, but \u003ca href=\"http://saferchemicals.org/PDF/chemicals-and-our-health-july-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">they are not required to provide safety data.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patisaul said, “I don’t think people realize the vast majority of chemicals in their world have never been tested for any type of toxicity at all, let alone endocrine disruption. That needs to change. If we can figure out which chemicals are the bad actors, pull them out, and redesign products that are less likely to cause problems, I think that’s a good goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patisaul is on the scientific advisory board of an initiative called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tipedinfo.com\" target=\"_blank\">Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption\u003c/a> (TiPED), established by Advancing Green Chemistry in collaboration with Environmental Health News. TIPED connects chemical designers with organizations and scientists who can test the chemicals under development for endocrine disruption via computer modeling, cell studies, and animal studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think people realize the vast majority of chemicals in their world have never been tested for any type of toxicity,\" Heather Patisaul, an associate professor of biology at NCSU\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Other scientists are designing safer ways to use toxic chemicals. At North Carolina State University, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391000001750\" target=\"_blank\">researchers are designing “cages”\u003c/a> made of rings of sugar molecules to prevent flame retardant molecules from escaping into the environment except at high temperatures. In tests, fabrics treated with the caged flame retardant were less flammable and used less flame retardant than fabrics treated the traditional way (washed in a bath of flame retardants, then cured in an oven).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another force for change is the power of the consumer. Patisaul cites BPA-free plastic bottles as an example. “Regulatory agencies didn’t do it, the government didn’t do it. It was the consumer demand for BPA-free products,” she said. “It’s the consumer that’s changing the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for cats, there’s not much we can do to stop them licking dust off their fur. But if we value our own health, we can learn from their experience. Birnbaum said, “Sometimes there’s strong evidence from wildlife or even domestic animals. . . . We should be listening to those signals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem style=\"font-size: 13px\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff9900\">Interested in testing your couch for flame retardants? Check out this easy and free test at: \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca style=\"font-size: 13px\" href=\"http://foam.pratt.duke.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px\">http://foam.pratt.duke.edu/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you have an older cat, there’s a good chance it has high thyroid levels. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15287394.2012.652054#.UydgD_SwLW5\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent of older cats have this condition\u003c/a>, called hyperthyroidism, which can cause weight loss, an unkempt appearance, and agitation. Unfortunately, it requires lifelong treatment, usually a daily medication\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, hyperthyroidism in cats was virtually unknown before 1979. Another curious fact is that homes where cats with hyperthyroidism live tend to contain dust with higher levels of a certain flame retardant than homes with healthy cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coincidence? Not likely. The flame retardant, called PBDE, is often found in polyurethane foam, which gives structure and softness to upholstered furniture. When people sit down, PBDE poofs out and accumulates in house dust. When cats groom themselves, they ingest the dust and the PBDE, which is structurally similar to thyroid molecules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68419\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 224px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/endocrinesystem_MossGreene.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68419 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/endocrinesystem_MossGreene-224x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The human endocrine system is a set of eight glands that produce and secrete hormones. Click to learn more about each function. Image courtesy Moss Greene & \u003ca href=\"http://commonsensehealth.com/endocrine-system-diagram-for-understanding-hormones/\">commonsensehealth.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thyroid disorders are also on the rise in people. According to the American Cancer Society, diagnoses of thyroid cancer have doubled since 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the problem is not just PBDE, and it’s not just thyroid disorders. We are exposed to hundreds of other synthetic chemicals every day that have the potential to interfere with the body’s endocrine system, which includes the thyroid. The endocrine system consists of glands and hormones that guide development, metabolism, puberty, and reproduction. The endocrine system is particularly crucial in utero and during infancy because it orchestrates the development of organs. A hormonal misfire during brain development can have lifelong effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are concerned about possible links between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the rapid increase in conditions as varied as autism, ADHD, asthma, childhood leukemia, early puberty, autoimmune disorders, obesity, type-2 diabetes, infertility, and cancers of the thyroid, testes, prostate, and breast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of diseases that have gone up in incidence with our increased use of [synthetic] chemicals since the 1950s,” said Heather Patisaul, an associate professor of biology at North Carolina State University. “That suggests there is an environmental component.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) and the National Toxicology Program, said, “What we’re looking for is not missing arms and legs or someone keels over and dies, but much more subtle kinds of effects which you might see over the course of a lifetime.” She added, “If you don’t look, you don’t find. Now that we’re starting to look, we’re starting to see associations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIEHS is investing millions of dollars into research on the relationship between the endocrine system and chemicals such as flame retardants, pesticides, and BPA (often used in plastics, receipts, and can linings). We ingest these chemicals with our food and water or by putting our hands in our mouths; we also absorb them through our skin and lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68406\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Couch_Mary-Hockenbery.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68406\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Couch_Mary-Hockenbery-338x253.jpg\" alt=\"In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control. Photo courtesy Mary Hockenbery\" width=\"338\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/reddirtrose/\" target=\"_blank\">Mary Hockenbery\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of animal studies in recent years have provided experimental evidence linking endocrine disruptors and problems ranging from asthma to hyperactivity to cancer. \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbt.21439/abstract;jsessionid=087CBBFCC0127AC621C1AE3A90D7708B.f01t01\" target=\"_blank\">Patisaul’s studies\u003c/a> on rats show an increase in anxiety, early puberty, and premature infertility with exposure to BPA at doses comparable to BPA exposure in average Americans. She and her colleagues also showed that rats exposed to the flame retardant Firemaster 550 were more likely to be anxious and obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In children, two long-running studies link PBDE exposure in utero and childhood to decreased IQ, attention problems, and problems with fine-motor control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though PBDE was phased out between 2005 and 2013, its replacements may not be any safer. Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-toxic-substances-control-act\" target=\"_blank\">Toxic Substances Control Act,\u003c/a> manufacturers must notify the EPA when they bring a new chemical to market, but \u003ca href=\"http://saferchemicals.org/PDF/chemicals-and-our-health-july-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">they are not required to provide safety data.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patisaul said, “I don’t think people realize the vast majority of chemicals in their world have never been tested for any type of toxicity at all, let alone endocrine disruption. That needs to change. If we can figure out which chemicals are the bad actors, pull them out, and redesign products that are less likely to cause problems, I think that’s a good goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patisaul is on the scientific advisory board of an initiative called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tipedinfo.com\" target=\"_blank\">Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption\u003c/a> (TiPED), established by Advancing Green Chemistry in collaboration with Environmental Health News. TIPED connects chemical designers with organizations and scientists who can test the chemicals under development for endocrine disruption via computer modeling, cell studies, and animal studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think people realize the vast majority of chemicals in their world have never been tested for any type of toxicity,\" Heather Patisaul, an associate professor of biology at NCSU\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Other scientists are designing safer ways to use toxic chemicals. At North Carolina State University, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391000001750\" target=\"_blank\">researchers are designing “cages”\u003c/a> made of rings of sugar molecules to prevent flame retardant molecules from escaping into the environment except at high temperatures. In tests, fabrics treated with the caged flame retardant were less flammable and used less flame retardant than fabrics treated the traditional way (washed in a bath of flame retardants, then cured in an oven).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another force for change is the power of the consumer. Patisaul cites BPA-free plastic bottles as an example. “Regulatory agencies didn’t do it, the government didn’t do it. It was the consumer demand for BPA-free products,” she said. “It’s the consumer that’s changing the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for cats, there’s not much we can do to stop them licking dust off their fur. But if we value our own health, we can learn from their experience. Birnbaum said, “Sometimes there’s strong evidence from wildlife or even domestic animals. . . . We should be listening to those signals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem style=\"font-size: 13px\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff9900\">Interested in testing your couch for flame retardants? Check out this easy and free test at: \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca style=\"font-size: 13px\" href=\"http://foam.pratt.duke.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px\">http://foam.pratt.duke.edu/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Cannabis has been in the news recently, with states like Colorado and Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html\">legalizing\u003c/a> the recreational use of marijuana. But the cannabis plant is surprisingly versatile, and drugs aren’t the only thing produced from it. Paper, fabric, rope, animal bedding, and even building materials can all be made from cannabis that’s bred to have no drug value. This form of cannabis is called hemp, and one industry where it’s gaining a loyal following is food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young entrepreneur Jeremy Koosed has built a business around hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tucked into a strip mall in Lyndhurst, Ohio, \u003ca href=\"https://www.plantkingdombakery.com/cleves-snaction-heroes-plant-kingdom-outpost-w-no-whey-vegan-chocolates\">Plant Kingdom Bakery and Snackery\u003c/a> doesn’t sell your typical snacks. Instead, the shelves are lined with items like Coconut Currant Hemp Bar, Lemon-Salted Hemp Seeds, and the popular Goo Ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-065.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67660 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-065-e1392841584864-422x360.jpg\" alt=\"Plant Kingdom owner Jeremy Koosed and employee Laura B mix ingredients for hemp-based baked goods. Credit: Anne Glausser, ideastream\" width=\"338\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plant Kingdom owner Jeremy Koosed and employee \u003cspan class=\"irc_su\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left\">Lauren Berlekamp mix ingredients for hemp-based baked goods. \u003cbr>\u003c/span>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hemp is at the heart of the operation here, and owner Koosed serves it up in baked goods as well as on its own. “We sell hemp seeds and toasted seeds and crunchy seeds, the seed oil and shelled hemp seeds and hemp protein,” said Koosed, who could go on at length about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pinterest.com/hippiebutter/hemp-seed-recipes/\">various ways\u003c/a> to make use of hemp, such as on salads or in granola, pudding, dips, and smoothies. Once shelled, he says the seeds are really soft and pleasantly nutty. “It can really fit into any kind of dish -- salads or raw food preparations, or you can…mildly pan toast them with some potato salad, for instance. That’s really good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another topic close to Koosed’s heart is the health \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868018/\">benefits\u003c/a> of hemp. He calls them a protein powerhouse. “When the shell's taken off the seeds, it's 33% protein by volume and a source for those good omegas,” he said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/omega-3/\">omega-3 fatty acids\u003c/a> present in hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleveland Clinic dietician \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/digestive_diseases/departments-centers/center-human-nutrition/nutrition-therapy.aspx\">Laura Jeffers\u003c/a> agrees. She sees patients with food intolerances like \u003ca href=\"http://celiac.org/\">celiac disease\u003c/a>. With their high protein content, healthy fats, fiber, and anti-inflammatory properties, she says hemp seeds are a good bang for your buck. “They’re a great way to get all that in easily, and there’s not a whole lot of calories or extra things that you have to worry about,” said Jeffers, who now recommends them to her patients with food sensitivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appetite for hemp products is on the rise, and for now foreign countries are filling the demand. The U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.votehemp.com/PDF/RL32725-20130724.pdf\">imported\u003c/a> more than $11 million worth of raw hemp materials -- mostly food -- in 2011, compared to just $2 million in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67659\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-074.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67659 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-074-e1392841796689-552x360.jpg\" alt=\"An assortment of Plant Kingdom snacks. Credit: Anne Glausser, ideastream.\" width=\"398\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An assortment of Plant Kingdom snacks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.examiner.com/article/dr-oz-explains-how-hemp-seed-boosts-memory-with-omegas-vegan-granola-recipe\">Dr. Oz\u003c/a> turned his followers on to the power of the hemp seed, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.costcoconnection.com/connection/201301?pg=42#pg42\">Costco\u003c/a> now sells them in bulk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many contend that in addition to their health appeal, there are significant environmental benefits to hemp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very robust crop,” said Jonathan Page, an adjunct professor at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ubc.ca/\">University of British Columbia\u003c/a> who \u003ca href=\"http://genomebiology.com/2011/12/10/R102\">studies\u003c/a> the cannabis plant. “It has a vitality that allows it to survive in difficult conditions with insects and fungi and other pests,” he said, adding that it’s such a fast-growing crop it can outcompete many weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hemp dominates an area, said Page, and requires little herbicide or pesticide. It can grow in a\u003ca href=\"http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/2221530/hemp_the_energy_and_industrial_crop_of_the_future.html\"> broad range of climates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to how it differs from its drug cousin, Page said they’re the same species -- \u003cstrong>Cannabis sativa\u003c/strong>. “The difference is purely chemical,” he said. Hemp has been bred to have very low levels of \u003ca href=\"http://adai.uw.edu/marijuana/factsheets/potency.htm\">THC\u003c/a>, which is the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. So it’s impossible \u003ca href=\"http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/id/QAA345325\">to get high\u003c/a> from eating hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More people stateside are curious to tap into hemp’s potential, though efforts have been stymied by federal laws that prohibit hemp farming. Things are changing, however. The recently passed \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/01/27/hemp-farm-raised-fish-food-labels-and-food-stamps-whats-in-the-farm-bill/\">farm bill\u003c/a> gives farmers the green light to grow hemp on pilot sites in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/agriculture-and-rural-development/state-industrial-hemp-statutes.aspx\">states\u003c/a> that already have pro-hemp laws on the books. “Hemp is in a real resurgence, and it’s primarily on the food side,” said Page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Cannabis_sativa_plant_10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67661 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Cannabis_sativa_plant_10-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cannabis_sativa_plant_%2810%29.JPG , http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Chmee2\" width=\"389\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close look at the cannabis plant. Credit: Petr Brož\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many national farm groups support hemp legislation, including a recent endorsement from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kentucky.com/2014/01/22/3046585/american-farm-bureau-calls-for.html\">American Farm Bureau\u003c/a>. Here in Ohio supporters are hoping to bring the issue to voters as a ballot amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Plant Kingdom, owner Jeremy Koosed would like to source his product locally. He hopes the laws around American hemp production change because he thinks the plant could be useful to so many industries, not just food but textiles, body care, and biofuel. “We want this resource to be the subject of innovation,” said Koosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for now his customers are happy to crunch on Canadian seeds in their newfound favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cannabis has been in the news recently, with states like Colorado and Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html\">legalizing\u003c/a> the recreational use of marijuana. But the cannabis plant is surprisingly versatile, and drugs aren’t the only thing produced from it. Paper, fabric, rope, animal bedding, and even building materials can all be made from cannabis that’s bred to have no drug value. This form of cannabis is called hemp, and one industry where it’s gaining a loyal following is food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young entrepreneur Jeremy Koosed has built a business around hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tucked into a strip mall in Lyndhurst, Ohio, \u003ca href=\"https://www.plantkingdombakery.com/cleves-snaction-heroes-plant-kingdom-outpost-w-no-whey-vegan-chocolates\">Plant Kingdom Bakery and Snackery\u003c/a> doesn’t sell your typical snacks. Instead, the shelves are lined with items like Coconut Currant Hemp Bar, Lemon-Salted Hemp Seeds, and the popular Goo Ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-065.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67660 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-065-e1392841584864-422x360.jpg\" alt=\"Plant Kingdom owner Jeremy Koosed and employee Laura B mix ingredients for hemp-based baked goods. Credit: Anne Glausser, ideastream\" width=\"338\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plant Kingdom owner Jeremy Koosed and employee \u003cspan class=\"irc_su\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left\">Lauren Berlekamp mix ingredients for hemp-based baked goods. \u003cbr>\u003c/span>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hemp is at the heart of the operation here, and owner Koosed serves it up in baked goods as well as on its own. “We sell hemp seeds and toasted seeds and crunchy seeds, the seed oil and shelled hemp seeds and hemp protein,” said Koosed, who could go on at length about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pinterest.com/hippiebutter/hemp-seed-recipes/\">various ways\u003c/a> to make use of hemp, such as on salads or in granola, pudding, dips, and smoothies. Once shelled, he says the seeds are really soft and pleasantly nutty. “It can really fit into any kind of dish -- salads or raw food preparations, or you can…mildly pan toast them with some potato salad, for instance. That’s really good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another topic close to Koosed’s heart is the health \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868018/\">benefits\u003c/a> of hemp. He calls them a protein powerhouse. “When the shell's taken off the seeds, it's 33% protein by volume and a source for those good omegas,” he said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/omega-3/\">omega-3 fatty acids\u003c/a> present in hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleveland Clinic dietician \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/digestive_diseases/departments-centers/center-human-nutrition/nutrition-therapy.aspx\">Laura Jeffers\u003c/a> agrees. She sees patients with food intolerances like \u003ca href=\"http://celiac.org/\">celiac disease\u003c/a>. With their high protein content, healthy fats, fiber, and anti-inflammatory properties, she says hemp seeds are a good bang for your buck. “They’re a great way to get all that in easily, and there’s not a whole lot of calories or extra things that you have to worry about,” said Jeffers, who now recommends them to her patients with food sensitivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appetite for hemp products is on the rise, and for now foreign countries are filling the demand. The U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.votehemp.com/PDF/RL32725-20130724.pdf\">imported\u003c/a> more than $11 million worth of raw hemp materials -- mostly food -- in 2011, compared to just $2 million in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67659\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-074.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67659 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-074-e1392841796689-552x360.jpg\" alt=\"An assortment of Plant Kingdom snacks. Credit: Anne Glausser, ideastream.\" width=\"398\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An assortment of Plant Kingdom snacks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.examiner.com/article/dr-oz-explains-how-hemp-seed-boosts-memory-with-omegas-vegan-granola-recipe\">Dr. Oz\u003c/a> turned his followers on to the power of the hemp seed, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.costcoconnection.com/connection/201301?pg=42#pg42\">Costco\u003c/a> now sells them in bulk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many contend that in addition to their health appeal, there are significant environmental benefits to hemp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very robust crop,” said Jonathan Page, an adjunct professor at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ubc.ca/\">University of British Columbia\u003c/a> who \u003ca href=\"http://genomebiology.com/2011/12/10/R102\">studies\u003c/a> the cannabis plant. “It has a vitality that allows it to survive in difficult conditions with insects and fungi and other pests,” he said, adding that it’s such a fast-growing crop it can outcompete many weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hemp dominates an area, said Page, and requires little herbicide or pesticide. It can grow in a\u003ca href=\"http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/2221530/hemp_the_energy_and_industrial_crop_of_the_future.html\"> broad range of climates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to how it differs from its drug cousin, Page said they’re the same species -- \u003cstrong>Cannabis sativa\u003c/strong>. “The difference is purely chemical,” he said. Hemp has been bred to have very low levels of \u003ca href=\"http://adai.uw.edu/marijuana/factsheets/potency.htm\">THC\u003c/a>, which is the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. So it’s impossible \u003ca href=\"http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/id/QAA345325\">to get high\u003c/a> from eating hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More people stateside are curious to tap into hemp’s potential, though efforts have been stymied by federal laws that prohibit hemp farming. Things are changing, however. The recently passed \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/01/27/hemp-farm-raised-fish-food-labels-and-food-stamps-whats-in-the-farm-bill/\">farm bill\u003c/a> gives farmers the green light to grow hemp on pilot sites in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/agriculture-and-rural-development/state-industrial-hemp-statutes.aspx\">states\u003c/a> that already have pro-hemp laws on the books. “Hemp is in a real resurgence, and it’s primarily on the food side,” said Page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Cannabis_sativa_plant_10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67661 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Cannabis_sativa_plant_10-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cannabis_sativa_plant_%2810%29.JPG , http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Chmee2\" width=\"389\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close look at the cannabis plant. Credit: Petr Brož\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many national farm groups support hemp legislation, including a recent endorsement from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kentucky.com/2014/01/22/3046585/american-farm-bureau-calls-for.html\">American Farm Bureau\u003c/a>. Here in Ohio supporters are hoping to bring the issue to voters as a ballot amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Plant Kingdom, owner Jeremy Koosed would like to source his product locally. He hopes the laws around American hemp production change because he thinks the plant could be useful to so many industries, not just food but textiles, body care, and biofuel. “We want this resource to be the subject of innovation,” said Koosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for now his customers are happy to crunch on Canadian seeds in their newfound favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Could your driveway be poisoning your kids?",
"title": "Could your driveway be poisoning your kids?",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Every year about 85 million gallons of a toxic waste that is known to promote cancer is carefully painted across about 170 square miles of American cities and suburbs, a swath as big as the city of New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As incredible as that may sound, that’s the conclusion squarely presented by a growing body of research that looks at a gooey black \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)\">pitch\u003c/a> made from a substance known as coal tar. It’s a kind of creosote, the stuff used to weatherproof telephone poles and railroad ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of the two main ways Americans use to “seal” asphalt parking lots and driveways. It makes the asphalt look blacker and is intended to keep the pavement from wearing away so fast. Researchers are most interested in a class of chemicals contained in asphalt sealers known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a>,” or PAHs. And coal tar-based sealers are dangerous enough in the opinion of some local and state governments that they have been banned. In 2011 Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/content/washington-is-first-state-in-nation-to-ban-toxic-pavement-sealants\">became the first state to forbid\u003c/a> the use of this kind of sealant, followed by Minnesota \u003ca href=\"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=116.202\"> last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65749 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg\" alt=\"Man spraying\" width=\"393\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg 1135w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-400x389.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-800x779.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-960x935.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Man 'seals' pavement with spray. Photo courtesy of USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever walked by a parking lot or driveway that’s recently been sealed with coal tar, your nose most likely told you so. The “aromatic” part of PAHs means that you can smell the chemicals emanating from the recently sealed pavement , especially when it bakes in the sun. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101200057X\">Recent research\u003c/a> shows that large and potentially dangerous amounts of these harmful chemicals are released into the air in the days, weeks, and even months after the pavement is sealed – more, in fact, than what is put out by all the cars in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also looked at what happens to the toxic coal tar sealants after they have sat on the asphalt for a few months or years and start to peel off in tiny bits. Car tires, rain, foot traffic, snowplows, and the freeze/thaw cycle all cause tiny bits of the sealant to “abrade,” as scientists say. Little bits of the black stuff flake off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902533r\">Research shows\u003c/a> some of it gets tracked off the parking lots and driveways and into people’s homes. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found that the most dangerous coal tar component , a PAH chemical called benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene, was in driveway dust at two suburban single-family homes at thousands of times the level that would trigger a cleanup at a toxic-waste site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States has no standard for benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene in house dust, but Germany does: an official guideline of 10 parts of the chemical for every 1 million parts of dust. In the USGS’s tests of apartments near parking lots sealed with coal tar, more than one-third of the apartments showed levels of the toxic chemical exceeding that standard. House dust levels were much lower in apartments located next to parking lots coated with other kinds of sealants, which are based on asphalt and contain thousands of times less PAHs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-66042 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg\" alt=\"Converse shoe\" width=\"398\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/werewolvesbaby/2863909864/\">brittany fucci\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es303371t\">Further research\u003c/a> revealed that growing up with toxic dust from a coal tar-sealed parking lot next door could cause a child to face a 38-fold increase in lifetime cancer risk. It’s especially toxic to kids under age 6. The levels measured exceed those the EPA considers worthy of cleanup at toxic waste sites, because they are likely to cause cancer in more than 1 person out of every 1,000 people exposed, researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have shown that the runoff from the coal tar-sealed lots harms critters in freshwater streams where it ends up, affecting their development and reproduction and reducing the populations and the number of species able to live in affected streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing body of research around asphalt sealants was \u003ca href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/parking%20lot%20sealants.pdf\">pioneered by\u003c/a> Barbara Mahler and Peter van Metre, a husband-and-wife team of researchers for the USGS in Austin, Texas. Many other researchers from more than a dozen other governments and universities also investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sealant industry questioned their findings. In reaction to the work by these government and university researchers, the trade group of asphalt sealers, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/\">Pavement Coatings Technology Council\u003c/a>, has sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/scientific-journals\">its own body of research\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/pavementcouncil/PAH%20volatilization%20critique.pdf\">One industry-sponsored critique\u003c/a> went after the USGS researchers, saying,in general, that in their work, “effects have been exaggerated and uncertainties have been minimized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66066\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 419px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/23/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids/walking-the-line/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-66066\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66066 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg\" alt=\"Walking the line\" width=\"419\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg 1539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/angelinawb/1085267480/\">Angelina 🙂\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PAHs are produced by many sources, the industry pointed out. Any \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter\">organic matter\u003c/a> that is burned – gasoline, for example – puts out PAHs. But the USGS team and its collaborators said the chemical “fingerprint” they are finding in, for example, sediments at the bottom of lakes near coal tar-sealed pavement, looks very similar to the PAH “fingerprint” in sealants made with coal tar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although only two states have banned coal tar sealants, \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/p/bans.html\">more than 40 local and state governments\u003c/a> forbid application of the coal tar-based sealants, according to the blog \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/\">coaltarfreeamerica.com\u003c/a>, which tracks the bans and is crusading to have the sealants outlawed nationwide. Some of the first local governments to ban the coal tar sealants were Austin, TX, Washington, DC, and Madison, WI, and surrounding Dane County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent webinar for researchers and others interested the topic, Mahler, the USGS researcher, reviewed the findings to date. Other scientists on the call suggested further work, such as looking into how the sealants are affecting creatures in salt water, and analysis of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope\">isotopes\u003c/a> of the chemicals involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahler agreed, telling the other researchers, “There’s a lot of really fruitful areas for research that have to do with this subject.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Parking lots coated with coal tar, a gooey black waste product of steel manufacturing, shed the coatings at a high rate. This toxic residue is showing up in dust on nearby apartment surfaces.",
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"description": "Parking lots coated with coal tar, a gooey black waste product of steel manufacturing, shed the coatings at a high rate. This toxic residue is showing up in dust on nearby apartment surfaces.",
"title": "Could your driveway be poisoning your kids? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every year about 85 million gallons of a toxic waste that is known to promote cancer is carefully painted across about 170 square miles of American cities and suburbs, a swath as big as the city of New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As incredible as that may sound, that’s the conclusion squarely presented by a growing body of research that looks at a gooey black \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)\">pitch\u003c/a> made from a substance known as coal tar. It’s a kind of creosote, the stuff used to weatherproof telephone poles and railroad ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of the two main ways Americans use to “seal” asphalt parking lots and driveways. It makes the asphalt look blacker and is intended to keep the pavement from wearing away so fast. Researchers are most interested in a class of chemicals contained in asphalt sealers known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a>,” or PAHs. And coal tar-based sealers are dangerous enough in the opinion of some local and state governments that they have been banned. In 2011 Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/content/washington-is-first-state-in-nation-to-ban-toxic-pavement-sealants\">became the first state to forbid\u003c/a> the use of this kind of sealant, followed by Minnesota \u003ca href=\"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=116.202\"> last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65749 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg\" alt=\"Man spraying\" width=\"393\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg 1135w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-400x389.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-800x779.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-960x935.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Man 'seals' pavement with spray. Photo courtesy of USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever walked by a parking lot or driveway that’s recently been sealed with coal tar, your nose most likely told you so. The “aromatic” part of PAHs means that you can smell the chemicals emanating from the recently sealed pavement , especially when it bakes in the sun. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101200057X\">Recent research\u003c/a> shows that large and potentially dangerous amounts of these harmful chemicals are released into the air in the days, weeks, and even months after the pavement is sealed – more, in fact, than what is put out by all the cars in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also looked at what happens to the toxic coal tar sealants after they have sat on the asphalt for a few months or years and start to peel off in tiny bits. Car tires, rain, foot traffic, snowplows, and the freeze/thaw cycle all cause tiny bits of the sealant to “abrade,” as scientists say. Little bits of the black stuff flake off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902533r\">Research shows\u003c/a> some of it gets tracked off the parking lots and driveways and into people’s homes. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found that the most dangerous coal tar component , a PAH chemical called benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene, was in driveway dust at two suburban single-family homes at thousands of times the level that would trigger a cleanup at a toxic-waste site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States has no standard for benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene in house dust, but Germany does: an official guideline of 10 parts of the chemical for every 1 million parts of dust. In the USGS’s tests of apartments near parking lots sealed with coal tar, more than one-third of the apartments showed levels of the toxic chemical exceeding that standard. House dust levels were much lower in apartments located next to parking lots coated with other kinds of sealants, which are based on asphalt and contain thousands of times less PAHs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-66042 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg\" alt=\"Converse shoe\" width=\"398\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/werewolvesbaby/2863909864/\">brittany fucci\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es303371t\">Further research\u003c/a> revealed that growing up with toxic dust from a coal tar-sealed parking lot next door could cause a child to face a 38-fold increase in lifetime cancer risk. It’s especially toxic to kids under age 6. The levels measured exceed those the EPA considers worthy of cleanup at toxic waste sites, because they are likely to cause cancer in more than 1 person out of every 1,000 people exposed, researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have shown that the runoff from the coal tar-sealed lots harms critters in freshwater streams where it ends up, affecting their development and reproduction and reducing the populations and the number of species able to live in affected streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing body of research around asphalt sealants was \u003ca href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/parking%20lot%20sealants.pdf\">pioneered by\u003c/a> Barbara Mahler and Peter van Metre, a husband-and-wife team of researchers for the USGS in Austin, Texas. Many other researchers from more than a dozen other governments and universities also investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sealant industry questioned their findings. In reaction to the work by these government and university researchers, the trade group of asphalt sealers, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/\">Pavement Coatings Technology Council\u003c/a>, has sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/scientific-journals\">its own body of research\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/pavementcouncil/PAH%20volatilization%20critique.pdf\">One industry-sponsored critique\u003c/a> went after the USGS researchers, saying,in general, that in their work, “effects have been exaggerated and uncertainties have been minimized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66066\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 419px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/23/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids/walking-the-line/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-66066\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66066 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg\" alt=\"Walking the line\" width=\"419\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg 1539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/angelinawb/1085267480/\">Angelina 🙂\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PAHs are produced by many sources, the industry pointed out. Any \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter\">organic matter\u003c/a> that is burned – gasoline, for example – puts out PAHs. But the USGS team and its collaborators said the chemical “fingerprint” they are finding in, for example, sediments at the bottom of lakes near coal tar-sealed pavement, looks very similar to the PAH “fingerprint” in sealants made with coal tar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although only two states have banned coal tar sealants, \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/p/bans.html\">more than 40 local and state governments\u003c/a> forbid application of the coal tar-based sealants, according to the blog \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/\">coaltarfreeamerica.com\u003c/a>, which tracks the bans and is crusading to have the sealants outlawed nationwide. Some of the first local governments to ban the coal tar sealants were Austin, TX, Washington, DC, and Madison, WI, and surrounding Dane County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent webinar for researchers and others interested the topic, Mahler, the USGS researcher, reviewed the findings to date. Other scientists on the call suggested further work, such as looking into how the sealants are affecting creatures in salt water, and analysis of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope\">isotopes\u003c/a> of the chemicals involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahler agreed, telling the other researchers, “There’s a lot of really fruitful areas for research that have to do with this subject.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Canola, Flax, and Sunflower: The Hidden Power of Oilseeds",
"title": "Canola, Flax, and Sunflower: The Hidden Power of Oilseeds",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Oilseed crops could help Midwestern farmers reduce costs for fuel, fertilizer and animal feed -- at least, that’s the idea that researchers at The Ohio State University are exploring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grown for their seeds, which are rich in vegetable oil, common species of oilseeds differ in look and cultural origin, from dark leafy plants like canola (closely related to turnips), to short spindly ones like flax (also grown for the linen fibers along its stalk), to long-forgotten crops like camelina (once considered a weed), to familiar ornamentals like sunflowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65608\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 371px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/E.-Blue-flax-flowers-in-the-foreground-yellow-canola-flowers-peeking-through-and-the-200-year-old-barn-in-the-background-Liz-Kolbe.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65608 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/E.-Blue-flax-flowers-in-the-foreground-yellow-canola-flowers-peeking-through-and-the-200-year-old-barn-in-the-background-Liz-Kolbe-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"E. Blue flax flowers in the foreground, yellow canola flowers peeking through, and the 200-year old barn in the background. Credit: Liz Kolbe\" width=\"371\" height=\"247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue flax flowers in the foreground, yellow canola flowers peeking through, and the 200-year old barn in the background. Credit: Liz Kolbe\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The oil is released when the seeds are passed through a mechanical press. The farmer is left with two end-products: raw oil, which can be processed into edible oil or biofuel or products like linoleum, and the pulverized seed remains (the “meal”), which are full of protein and are usually fed to livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oilseed crops, especially canola, flax, camelina, and sunflower, are drawing commercial and academic attention because of several converging trends. The first is interest in renewable fuel, especially biofuel derived from vegetable oil. Several organizations, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicvalley.coop/resources/videos/bio-fuels/\" target=\"_blank\">Organic Valley\u003c/a>, are even helping farmers produce their own tractor fuel by growing oilseeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is the hype around omega-3 fatty acids, which modern Western diets often lack, and which are essential for immune response and brain health. Flax and camelina oils both contain enough omega-3 fatty acids that rival highly touted fish oils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, oilseeds fit the bill when it comes to the mounting interest in reducing reliance on resources like water and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65607\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 339px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/J.-Three-different-oilseeds_-canola-are-the-round-black-ones-flax-are-the-large-tear-drop-shaped-ones-and-camelina-are-the-tiny-orange-ones-Hannah-Whitehead.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-65607 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/J.-Three-different-oilseeds_-canola-are-the-round-black-ones-flax-are-the-large-tear-drop-shaped-ones-and-camelina-are-the-tiny-orange-ones-Hannah-Whitehead.jpg\" alt=\"Three different oilseeds: canola are the round black ones, flax are the large tear-drop shaped ones and camelina are the tiny orange ones. Credit: Hannah Whitehead\" width=\"339\" height=\"245\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three different oilseeds: canola are the round black ones, flax are the large tear-drop shaped ones and camelina are the tiny orange ones. Credit: Hannah Whitehead\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Camelina, for example, grows in poor soils, which makes it appealing in regions expecting drought or other severe conditions fostered by climate change. Bee-friendly canola and sunflower blossoms can help support threatened farm pollinator populations. Canola and sunflower roots break up compacted soils. And perhaps most importantly, the practice of alternating diverse species like oilseeds with other crops to create more complex yearly rotations improves soil health and reduces weed and pest build-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it turns out that many of oilseeds’ attributes have as much potential to reduce external costs (such as, livestock feed, fuel or nutrient/pest control) as they have to generate new profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These benefits are at the core of OSU’s interest in oilseeds. Ohio and other states with similar growing conditions are unlikely to become centers of oilseed production (these crops grow best in the arid northern prairies), but oilseeds could become a valuable resource for small to mid-scale Midwestern farmers who want to reduce off-farm inputs while diversifying their production. This past summer, researchers at OSU’s \u003ca title=\"Agroecosystem Management Program\" href=\"http://amp.osu.edu/mellinger-farm/\" target=\"_blank\">Agroecosystem Management Program\u003c/a>, in cooperation with Organic Valley, planted demonstration plots of canola, flax, camelina, and sunflower to explore the suite of benefits that oilseeds could offer area farmers. It was the inaugural project at a \u003ca href=\"http://amp.osu.edu/mellinger-farm/\" target=\"_blank\">new OSU research farm\u003c/a> that is dedicated to studying small to mid-scale agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65606\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/B.-honeybee-caption-Liz-Kolbe.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65606 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/B.-honeybee-caption-Liz-Kolbe-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"B. (honeybee caption) - Liz Kolbe\" width=\"370\" height=\"246\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In June, you could literally hear the canola humming with honeybees from OSU's nearby bee lab. Credit: Liz Kolbe\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a twist of fate, the farmers who worked that very tract of land two centuries ago also grew flax. They spun the resulting fibers into linen fabrics, which they used to produce elaborate home furnishings. Imagine if they knew that flax was growing on their land again -- not for bedspreads, not for tablecloths, but for oil and animal feed and fuel and just about everything else.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oilseed crops could help Midwestern farmers reduce costs for fuel, fertilizer and animal feed -- at least, that’s the idea that researchers at The Ohio State University are exploring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grown for their seeds, which are rich in vegetable oil, common species of oilseeds differ in look and cultural origin, from dark leafy plants like canola (closely related to turnips), to short spindly ones like flax (also grown for the linen fibers along its stalk), to long-forgotten crops like camelina (once considered a weed), to familiar ornamentals like sunflowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65608\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 371px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/E.-Blue-flax-flowers-in-the-foreground-yellow-canola-flowers-peeking-through-and-the-200-year-old-barn-in-the-background-Liz-Kolbe.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65608 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/E.-Blue-flax-flowers-in-the-foreground-yellow-canola-flowers-peeking-through-and-the-200-year-old-barn-in-the-background-Liz-Kolbe-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"E. Blue flax flowers in the foreground, yellow canola flowers peeking through, and the 200-year old barn in the background. Credit: Liz Kolbe\" width=\"371\" height=\"247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue flax flowers in the foreground, yellow canola flowers peeking through, and the 200-year old barn in the background. Credit: Liz Kolbe\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The oil is released when the seeds are passed through a mechanical press. The farmer is left with two end-products: raw oil, which can be processed into edible oil or biofuel or products like linoleum, and the pulverized seed remains (the “meal”), which are full of protein and are usually fed to livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oilseed crops, especially canola, flax, camelina, and sunflower, are drawing commercial and academic attention because of several converging trends. The first is interest in renewable fuel, especially biofuel derived from vegetable oil. Several organizations, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicvalley.coop/resources/videos/bio-fuels/\" target=\"_blank\">Organic Valley\u003c/a>, are even helping farmers produce their own tractor fuel by growing oilseeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is the hype around omega-3 fatty acids, which modern Western diets often lack, and which are essential for immune response and brain health. Flax and camelina oils both contain enough omega-3 fatty acids that rival highly touted fish oils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, oilseeds fit the bill when it comes to the mounting interest in reducing reliance on resources like water and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65607\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 339px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/J.-Three-different-oilseeds_-canola-are-the-round-black-ones-flax-are-the-large-tear-drop-shaped-ones-and-camelina-are-the-tiny-orange-ones-Hannah-Whitehead.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-65607 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/J.-Three-different-oilseeds_-canola-are-the-round-black-ones-flax-are-the-large-tear-drop-shaped-ones-and-camelina-are-the-tiny-orange-ones-Hannah-Whitehead.jpg\" alt=\"Three different oilseeds: canola are the round black ones, flax are the large tear-drop shaped ones and camelina are the tiny orange ones. Credit: Hannah Whitehead\" width=\"339\" height=\"245\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three different oilseeds: canola are the round black ones, flax are the large tear-drop shaped ones and camelina are the tiny orange ones. Credit: Hannah Whitehead\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Camelina, for example, grows in poor soils, which makes it appealing in regions expecting drought or other severe conditions fostered by climate change. Bee-friendly canola and sunflower blossoms can help support threatened farm pollinator populations. Canola and sunflower roots break up compacted soils. And perhaps most importantly, the practice of alternating diverse species like oilseeds with other crops to create more complex yearly rotations improves soil health and reduces weed and pest build-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it turns out that many of oilseeds’ attributes have as much potential to reduce external costs (such as, livestock feed, fuel or nutrient/pest control) as they have to generate new profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These benefits are at the core of OSU’s interest in oilseeds. Ohio and other states with similar growing conditions are unlikely to become centers of oilseed production (these crops grow best in the arid northern prairies), but oilseeds could become a valuable resource for small to mid-scale Midwestern farmers who want to reduce off-farm inputs while diversifying their production. This past summer, researchers at OSU’s \u003ca title=\"Agroecosystem Management Program\" href=\"http://amp.osu.edu/mellinger-farm/\" target=\"_blank\">Agroecosystem Management Program\u003c/a>, in cooperation with Organic Valley, planted demonstration plots of canola, flax, camelina, and sunflower to explore the suite of benefits that oilseeds could offer area farmers. It was the inaugural project at a \u003ca href=\"http://amp.osu.edu/mellinger-farm/\" target=\"_blank\">new OSU research farm\u003c/a> that is dedicated to studying small to mid-scale agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65606\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/B.-honeybee-caption-Liz-Kolbe.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65606 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/B.-honeybee-caption-Liz-Kolbe-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"B. (honeybee caption) - Liz Kolbe\" width=\"370\" height=\"246\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In June, you could literally hear the canola humming with honeybees from OSU's nearby bee lab. Credit: Liz Kolbe\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a twist of fate, the farmers who worked that very tract of land two centuries ago also grew flax. They spun the resulting fibers into linen fabrics, which they used to produce elaborate home furnishings. Imagine if they knew that flax was growing on their land again -- not for bedspreads, not for tablecloths, but for oil and animal feed and fuel and just about everything else.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>John Boswell of Bellingham, WA, also known as “melodysheep,” creates musical remixes of science lectures and documentaries to create the popular \u003ca href=\"http://symphonyofscience.com/videos.html\">\u003cstrong>Symphony of Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> videos. Using Auto-Tune technology, he samples clips from Carl Sagan, Bill Nye, and other familiar PBS names to craft songs with science-based messages that have gone viral, reaching millions of online viewers. Proving that scientists can also be rockstars, in 2013 melodysheep released a single featuring Steven Hawking and Carl Sagan, \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSgiXGELjbc\">\u003cstrong>A Glorious Dawn\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, on Jack White's record label.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST Northwest coordinating producer Katie Jennings spoke with Boswell about his inspiration for making these musical mash-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: How did you decide to start doing these kinds of videos?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 2009 and I was just out of college and I saw these videos called \u003cstrong>Auto-Tune the News\u003c/strong>. They take the technique and apply it to newscasters in online videos. I was just blown away with what they were doing. I started off doing some goofy stuff, but I fell in love with Carl Sagan when I was in college when I saw \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e5-0t0pTF0\">\u003cstrong>Cosmos\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>for the first time and I said, well, I’ll just try it on him. I put [the first video] online not knowing if anyone would like it. It blew up on the first week and it was a total shock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62877\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62877 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/JohnBoswell_2-e1386971562507.jpg\" alt=\"JohnBoswell_2\" width=\"260\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/JohnBoswell_2-e1386971562507.jpg 1032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/JohnBoswell_2-e1386971562507-400x580.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/JohnBoswell_2-e1386971562507-800x1160.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/JohnBoswell_2-e1386971562507-960x1392.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Boswell remixes science lectures and documentaries to create Symphony of Science videos.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Why have you focused so much on science?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>There are so many incredible revelations and insights that scientists give you that are really mind-blowing. I’m really interested in taking those ideas to the public in any way I can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: How do you make choices about what you include in your videos?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learn something every time I go through these things. I watch a lot of documentaries to learn about what’s going on, and I try and summarize everything I learned in the videos without cutting out important pieces of information or [putting in] things that would mislead people. I try to stay true to the original point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Why did you choose the subject of climate change?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since I started the project climate change has been on my mind. It’s part science, part call to action, raising awareness about the issue. I think it was important to do and I’m glad I did it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: How do you make someone’s voice go up and down?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you hear someone talk, in a way, they’re singing. Their pitch is going up and down, it’s rhythmic, and it’s got its own flow to it. You tweak the rhythm of the speech first, and once you have something rhythmical and catchy out [of] the original speech, you can go change the pitches of each word they say. You can format to a melody you have in your mind or create a new one of your own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What’s important about songs?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think music reaches out to people on a deeper level than words. When I hear a great piece of music, it reaches down to my core. Not many people have [made popular songs] with science before, which is why I’m in the game.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>There are so many incredible revelations and insights that scientists give you that are really mind-blowing. I’m really interested in taking those ideas to the public in any way I can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: How do you make choices about what you include in your videos?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learn something every time I go through these things. I watch a lot of documentaries to learn about what’s going on, and I try and summarize everything I learned in the videos without cutting out important pieces of information or [putting in] things that would mislead people. I try to stay true to the original point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Why did you choose the subject of climate change?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since I started the project climate change has been on my mind. It’s part science, part call to action, raising awareness about the issue. I think it was important to do and I’m glad I did it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: How do you make someone’s voice go up and down?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you hear someone talk, in a way, they’re singing. Their pitch is going up and down, it’s rhythmic, and it’s got its own flow to it. You tweak the rhythm of the speech first, and once you have something rhythmical and catchy out [of] the original speech, you can go change the pitches of each word they say. You can format to a melody you have in your mind or create a new one of your own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What’s important about songs?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think music reaches out to people on a deeper level than words. When I hear a great piece of music, it reaches down to my core. Not many people have [made popular songs] with science before, which is why I’m in the game.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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